### in the union , cvd annually accounts for more than 2 million deaths and costs the economy more than eur 192 billion while cancer accounts for a quarter of all deaths and is the number one cause of death in people aged 45 - 64 . over 27 million people in the union suffer from diabetes and the total cost of brain disorders has been estimated at eur 800 billion . environmental , life - style and socio - economic factors are relevant in several of these conditions with up to one third of the global disease burden estimated to be related to these . ### in the union , cvd annually accounts for more than 2 million deaths and costs the economy more than eur 192 billion . cancer accounts for a quarter of all deaths and is the number one cause of death in people aged 45 - 64 , while over 27 million people in the union suffer from diabetes and the total cost of brain disorders has been estimated at eur 800 billion . this figure will continue to rise sharply , largely as a result of the growing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases , such as parkinson’s and alzheimer’s , which is linked to the rising average age of europe’s population . environmental , life - style and socio - economic factors are relevant in several of these conditions with up to one third of the global disease burden estimated to be related to these . in the case of other conditions , in particular neurodegenerative diseases , however , if prevention strategies are to be effective a major boost will need to be given to etiological research and better early diagnosis and treatment options will need to be developed .


### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , markets and society , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects . ### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , markets and society , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects . the ethical , social and legal implications of innovative research shall be specifically addressed in all the areas covered under the programme .


### by 2020 , the erc therefore shall aim to demonstrate : that the best researchers are participating in the erc ' s competitions , that erc funding has led directly to scientific publications of the highest quality and to the commercialisation and application of innovative technologies and ideas and that the erc has contributed significantly to making europe a more attractive environment for the world ' s best scientists . in particular , the erc shall target a measurable improvement in the union ' s share of the world ' s top 1 % most highly cited publications . in addition it shall aim at a substantial increase in the number of excellent researchers from outside europe whom it funds and specific improvements in institutional practices and national policies to support top researchers . ### by 2020 , the erc therefore shall aim to demonstrate : that the best researchers are participating in the erc ' s competitions , that erc funding has led directly to scientific publications of the highest quality , to research results with high social and economic potential impact and to the commercialisation and application of innovative technologies and ideas and that the erc has contributed significantly to making europe a more attractive environment for the world ' s best scientists . in particular , the erc shall target a measurable improvement in the union ' s share of the world ' s top 1 % most highly cited publications . in addition it shall aim at a substantial increase in the number of excellent researchers from outside europe whom it funds and specific improvements in institutional practices and national policies to support top researchers . the erc shall share experience and best practices with regional and national research funding agencies in order to promote the support of excellent researchers . moreover , the erc shall further raise the visibility of its programmes outside europe in order to attract excellent researchers .


### the specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive , sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of european sectors like agriculture , food , chemical and health . ### the specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive , sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of european sectors like agriculture , food , chemical , energy and health .


### the european parliament has called for a radical simplification of union research and innovation funding in its resolution of 11 november 2010 , has highlighted the importance of the innovation union to transform europe for post - crisis world , in its resolution of 12 may 2011 , has drawn attention to important lessons to be learned following the interim evaluation of the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 8 june 2011 and has supported the concept of a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding in its resolution of 27 september 2011 . ### the european parliament has called for a radical simplification of union research and innovation funding in its resolution of 11 november 2010 , has highlighted the importance of the innovation union to transform europe for post - crisis world , in its resolution of 12 may 2011 , has drawn attention to important lessons to be learned following the interim evaluation of the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 8 june 2011 and has supported the concept of a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding , while calling for a doubling of the budget compared to the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 27 september 2011 .


### all the research and innovation activities carried out under horizon 2020 shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national , union and international legislation , including the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and the european convention on human rights and its supplementary protocols . ### all the research and innovation activities carried out under horizon 2020 shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national , union and international legislation , including the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , the helsinki declaration , the convention of the council of europe on human rights and biomedicine signed in oviedo on 4 april 1997 and its additional protocols , the european convention on human rights and its supplementary protocols , the un resolution on human cloning of march 2005 , the un convention on the rights of the child , the universal declaration on the human genome and human rights adopted by the unesco , the un biological and toxin weapons convention , the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the relevant world health organisation ' s resolutions . those carrying out or participating in research projects concerning ethical sensitive issues like for example dna , analysis on humans , research on persons not able to give informed consent , research linked to the suffering of vertebrate animals etc . shall seek the approval of the relevant national or local ethics committee prior to the start of the activities . an ethical review will also be implemented systematically by the commission . in specific cases an ethical review may take place during the implementation of a project . on a yearly basis , the commission shall inform the european parliament about their activities in this area , and in addition to this , it shall provide the european parliament and the council , with information upon request . during the implementation of this programme , scientific advances and national and international provisions shall be regularly monitored by the commission so as to take account of any developments .


### in addition , horizontal and cross - cutting activities to promote the strategic development of international cooperation shall be implemented under horizon 2020 under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ set out in point 6 . 3 . 2 of part iii of annex i . ### in addition , horizontal and cross - cutting activities to promote the strategic development of international cooperation shall be implemented under horizon 2020 under the specific objective ‘ europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies’ set out in point 6 . 3 . 2 of part iii of annex i .


### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . ### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and harmonised deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles and which ensure the coherent development of infrastructure and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner , safer and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . it is also essential to support existing solutions by creating effective , smart , interoperable and interconnected systems to support the sesar , galileo , egnos , gmes , ertms , ris , safeseanet , lrit and its systems . initiatives such as esafety and ecall must also be continued .


### the aim is to minimise transport ' s impact on climate and the environment by improving its efficiency in the use of natural resources , and by reducing its dependence on fossil fuels . ### the aim is to minimise transport ' s impact on climate and the environment by improving its efficiency in the use of natural resources , and by reducing its greenhouse gas emissions .


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy , the protection and sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems , a sustainable use and supply of raw materials and water , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s terrestrial and marine natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c , enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change and protecting cultural heritage .


### smes constitute a significant source of innovation and growth in europe . therefore a strong participation of smes , as defined in commission recommendation 2003 / 361 / ec of 6 may 2003 , is needed in horizon 2020 . this should support the aims of the small business act . ### smes constitute an essential source of innovation , growth and jobs in europe . therefore a strong participation of smes , as defined in commission recommendation 2003 / 361 / ec of 6 may 2003 , is needed in horizon 2020 . this should support the aims of the small business act .


### cooperation priorities shall take into account developments in union policy and opportunities for cooperation with third countries , as well as possible deficiencies in third country intellectual property systems . ### cooperation priorities shall take into account developments in union policy .


### the debt and equity facilities , supported by a set of accompanying measures , will support the achievement of horizon 2020 ‘ s policy objectives . to this end , they will be dedicated to consolidating and raising the quality of europe ' s science base ; promoting research and innovation with a business - driven agenda ; and addressing societal challenges , with a focus on activities such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds and market uptake . ### the debt and equity facilities , supported by a set of accompanying measures , will support the achievement of horizon 2020 ‘ s policy objectives . to this end , they will be dedicated to consolidating and raising the quality of europe ' s science base ; promoting research and innovation with a business - driven agenda ; and addressing societal challenges , with a focus on activities such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds and market uptake . specific support actions such as information and coaching activities for smes should be provided . regional authorities , smes associations , chambers of commerce and financial intermediaries should be involved in the programming and implementation of these activities .


### the specific objective of nanotechnologies research and innovation is to secure union leadership in this high growth global market , by stimulating investment in nanotechnologies and their uptake in high added - value , competitive products and services across a range of applications and sectors . ### the specific objective of nanotechnologies research and innovation is to prepare union leadership in this high growth global market , by stimulating investment and patents in safe and responsible nanotechnologies and their uptake in high added - value , competitive products and services across a range of applications and sectors .


### chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes , neurological and mental health disorders , overweight and obesity and various functional limitations are major causes of disability , ill - health and premature death , and present considerable social and economic costs . ### chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease , pulmonary disease , cancer , diabetes , rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases , allergies , respiratory , neurological and mental health disorders , overweight and obesity , infertility disorders and various functional limitations are major causes of disability , ill - health , morbidity and premature death , and present considerable social and economic costs . chronic non - communicable diseases account for 86% of deaths in the who european region .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . human and social sciences are to be represented in programme committees and experts ' groups in charge of project and programme evaluation in all topics . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ' inclusive , innovative and secure societies ' . likewise , a focus on gender and gender equality will be integrated in all challenges . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ' inclusive , innovative and secure societies ' .


### this entails safeguarding and developing a competitive and entrepreneurial space industry in combination with a world - class space research community to maintain european leadership and non - dependence in space technology , to foster innovation in the space sector , and to enable space - based terrestrial innovation , for example by using remote sensing and navigation data . ### this entails safeguarding and developing a competitive , sustainable and entrepreneurial space industry in combination with a world - class space research community to maintain european leadership and non - dependence in space technology , to foster innovation in the space sector , and to enable space - based terrestrial innovation , for example by using remote sensing and navigation data .


### ensure societal engagement in research and innovation ; ### ensure societal engagement in research and innovation ; increase societal appreciation of science ;


### the specific objective is to achieve a european transport system that is resource - efficient , environmentally - friendly , safe and seamless for the benefit of citizens , the economy and society . ### the specific objective is to achieve a european transport system that is resource - efficient , affordable , environmentally - friendly , safe and seamless for the benefit of citizens , the economy and society .


### the need for a new approach to control and risk management in union research funding was recognised by the european council of 4 february 2011 , asking for a new balance between trust and control and between risk - taking and risk avoidance . the european parliament , in its resolution of 11 november 2010 on simplifying the implementation of the research framework programmes , called for a pragmatic shift towards administrative and financial simplification and states that the management of european research funding should be more trust - based and risk - tolerant towards participants . the interim evaluation report of the seventh framework programme for research concludes that a more radical approach is needed to attain a quantum leap in simplification , and that the risk - trust balance needs to be redressed . ### the need for a new approach to develop an evidence - based risk management strategy as part of the union ' s research funding strategy was recognised by the european council of 4 february 2011 . at this time the council asked for a new balance between trust and control and between risk - taking and risk avoidance . the european parliament , in its resolution of 11 november 2010 on simplifying the implementation of the research framework programmes , called for a pragmatic shift towards administrative and financial simplification and states that the management of european research funding should be more trust - based and risk - tolerant towards researchers . the interim evaluation report of the seventh framework programme for research concludes that a more radical approach is needed to attain a quantum leap toward simplified procedures that demonstrate the union ' s trust in researchers and encourage them to take the risks needed for accelerated progress in science and technology .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; addressing infertility disorders ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### the integrated approach set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 is expected to lead to around 15% of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ and the priority ‘ societal challenges’ going to smes . ### the integrated approach set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall lead to a considerable allocation of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' and the priority ' societal challenges ' going to smes . private sector beneficiaries are expected to receive a substantial part of the total budget for horizon 2020 .


### research activity aiming at human cloning for reproductive purposes ; ### research activity aiming at human cloning for reproductive , therapeutic or scientific purposes ;


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services ; a significant part of the budget under this societal challenge shall therefore be spent to support the research and innovation in renewable energy , energy distribution , smart grids , energy storage and energy efficiency . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that will contribute to responding to energy challenges and that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems .


### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . ### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop and innovate , with a particular focus on start - ups , spin - offs and fast growing smes . the smes will be the main applicant , but will be encouraged to cooperate with research institutes and other companies . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage , radical , high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . the instrument will operate under a single management structure , light administrative regime and a single entry point . a dedicated innovation support structure will be implemented , building on existing structures such as the enterprise europe network and other innovation service providers and mentoring / coaching schemes , to support the smes participating in this instrument to fully exploit the research results .


### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds and rural development policy , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies . ### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal and external security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds and rural development policy , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of technologies and value chains to make bio - energy more competitive and sustainable , to reduce time to market for hydrogen and fuel cells and to bring new options showing long - term potential to maturity . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of technologies and value chains to make bio - energy , hydrogen and other alternative liquid or gaseous fuels more competitive and sustainable , to reduce time to market for hydrogen and fuel cells and to bring new options showing long - term potential to maturity .


### the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ shall follow a technology - driven approach to develop enabling technologies that can be used in multiple areas , industries and services . applications of these technologies to meet societal challenges shall be supported together with the societal challenges . ### the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ shall follow a technology - driven approach to develop enabling technologies that can be used in multiple areas , industries and services . applications of these technologies to meet societal challenges shall be supported together with the societal challenges . in order to achieve this goal a specific interdisciplinary programme on the ethical , legal and social aspects of science and technology will also be established with a specific autonomous budget .


### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . ### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme program shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results


### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated biorefineries , utilising biomass from primary production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and opening new markets through supporting standardisation , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes . ### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , more resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries , while making bio - waste an asset used at its full potential . it is vital to create a closed circuit between urban and rural areas . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated second and third generation biorefineries , producing and utilising biomass and other residues from primary agricultural and forestry production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and through efficient transformation of bio - waste in urban areas into agricultural inputs . this will foster new markets and create potential new revenue streams for primary producers through supporting standardisation , certification schemes , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes .


### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . ### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals and the rio + 20 targets .


### innovation in smes shall stimulate all forms of innovation in smes , targeting those with the potential to grow and internationalise across the single market and beyond . ### innovation in smes shall stimulate all forms of innovation in smes , targeting those with the potential to grow and internationalise in the single market and beyond .


### the union is committed to achieving the europe 2020 strategy , which has set the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth , highlighting the role of research and innovation as key drivers of social and economic prosperity and of environmental sustainability and setting itself the goal to increase spending on research and development to reach 3 % of gross domestic product by 2020 while developing an innovation intensity indicator . in this context , the innovation union flagship initiative sets out a strategic and integrated approach to research and innovation , setting the framework and objectives to which future union research and innovation funding should contribute . research and innovation are also key factors for other europe 2020 flagship initiatives , notably on resource efficient europe , an industrial policy for the globalisation era , and a digital agenda for europe . moreover , for achieving the europe 2020 objectives relating to research and innovation , cohesion policy has a key role to play through building capacity and providing a stairway to excellence . ### the union is committed to achieving the europe 2020 strategy , which has set the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth , highlighting the role of research and innovation as key drivers of social and economic prosperity and of environmental sustainability and setting itself the goal to increase spending on research and development to reach 3 % of gross domestic product by 2020 while developing an innovation intensity indicator . the union budget should mirror this ambitious goal by making a radical shift towards funding future - oriented investments , such as r&d and innovation , and this should be clearly visible in a considerable increase in funding for union r&d&i compared to the funding level of 2013 . in this context , the innovation union flagship initiative sets out a strategic and integrated approach to research and innovation , setting the framework and objectives to which future union research and innovation funding should contribute . research and innovation are also key factors for other europe 2020 flagship initiatives , notably on resource efficient europe , an industrial policy for the globalisation era , and a digital agenda for europe . moreover , for achieving the europe 2020 objectives relating to research and innovation , cohesion policy has a key role to play through building capacity and providing a stairway to excellence .


### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , markets and society , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects . ### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , markets and society , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects , as well as transfer of science results to all the levels of education and training .


### research and innovation must bring about focussed and timely advances that will help achieve key union policy objectives , while boosting economic competitiveness , supporting the transition to a climate - resilient and low - carbon economy , and maintaining global market leadership . ### research and innovation must bring about focussed and timely advances that will help achieve key union policy objectives , while boosting economic competitiveness , supporting the transition to a climate - resilient , low - carbon economy , increasing mobility across europe and maintaining global market leadership .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities and security considerations shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ .


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource - and water - efficient and climate change resilient economy and society , protection of the environment and a sustainable supply of raw materials and ecosystem services , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources and ecosystems . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness , raw materials security and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity , resilience and sustainability with the aim of keeping average global warming below 2 c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change and other environmental changes


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of electric and other low or zero emission vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure ; to explore and exploit the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; to optimise the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; and to increase the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas . ### the focus of activities shall , as a first step , be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the energy efficiency of all kinds of vehicles , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of low or zero emission vehicles and the accompanying infrastructure , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure and the use of renewables in rail , water and air transport . it is also essential to have a waste management policy linked to these innovations . moreover , all innovation aimed at achieving low or zero emissions in all modes of transport should be encouraged , including developing and harnessing the huge potential of alternative and sustainable fuels , as well as developing innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , work on optimising fuel systems , vehicle weights and aerodynamics , and development and infrastructure , and optimising the use of infrastructures by using intelligent transport systems and smart equipment . it is important to increase the use of public and non - motorised transport and intermodal mobility chains , particularly in urban areas .


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ; ### food security , sustainable agriculture , productive seas and oceans through sustainable fisheries and aquaculture and the bio - economy ;


### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union . ### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from terrestrial , marine and freshwater environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union .


### the specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive , sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of european sectors like agriculture , food , chemical and health . ### the specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive , sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of european sectors like agriculture , food , chemical and health , bionanotechnology and advanced materials .


### in the union , cvd annually accounts for more than 2 million deaths and costs the economy more than eur 192 billion while cancer accounts for a quarter of all deaths and is the number one cause of death in people aged 45 - 64 . over 27 million people in the union suffer from diabetes and the total cost of brain disorders has been estimated at eur 800 billion . environmental , life - style and socio - economic factors are relevant in several of these conditions with up to one third of the global disease burden estimated to be related to these . ### in the union , cvd annually accounts for more than 2 million deaths and costs the economy more than eur 192 billion . cancer accounts for a quarter of all deaths and is the number one cause of death in people aged 45 - 64 , while over 27 million people in the union suffer from diabetes and the total cost of brain disorders has been estimated at eur 800 billion . this figure will continue to rise sharply , largely as a result of the growing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases , such as parkinson’s and alzheimer’s , which is linked to the rising average age of europe’s population . environmental , life - style and socio - economic factors are relevant in several of these conditions with up to one third of the global disease burden estimated to be related to these . in the case of other conditions , in particular neurodegenerative diseases , however , if prevention strategies are to be effective a major boost will need to be given to etiological research and better early diagnosis and treatment options will need to be developed .


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ; ### bioeconomy : food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and bio - based industries ;


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ; ### european bio - economy challenges : food security including safety , sustainable agriculture and forestry , marine and maritime research


### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation . ### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . this shall be achieved in close cooperation with the national space agencies and european space agency . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation and their development represents an important opportunity for the union .


### the european commission does not explicitly solicit the use of human embryonic stem cells . the use of human stem cells , be they adult or embryonic , if any , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . no project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded that does not obtain the necessary approvals from the member states . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . ### the european commission is concerned about matters of fairness in the use of human stem cells , whether adult , embryonic or from the umbilical cord . the use of human stem cells , if any , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the therapeutic objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . projects involving the use of human embryonic stem cells may be funded provided that they have been duly approved by the member states concerned . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . however , medical research on all types of stem cell shall be funded in member states where such activity is authorised .


### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account . research activities should also take into account article 13 tfeu and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu . ### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect human rights and fundamental ethical principles . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account . research activities should also take into account article 13 tfeu and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use . research activities funded by horizon 2020 should respect the legal provisions and customs of the member states . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu .


### the integrated approach set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 is expected to lead to around 15% of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' and the priority ' societal challenges ' going to smes . ### around 15% of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' and the priority ' societal challenges ' will go to smes .


### the cost of union health and social care systems is rising with care and prevention measures in all ages increasingly expensive , the number of europeans aged over 65 expected to nearly double from 85 million in 2008 to 151 million by 2060 , and those over 80 to rise from 22 to 61 million in the same period . reducing or containing these costs such that they do not become unsustainable depends in part on ensuring the lifelong health and wellbeing of all and therefore on the effective prevention , treatment and management of disease and disability . ### the societal and financial cost of union health and social care systems is rising with care and prevention measures in all ages increasingly expensive , the number of europeans aged over 65 expected to nearly double from 85 million in 2008 to 151 million by 2060 , and those over 80 to rise from 22 to 61 million in the same period . costs also result from discrimination on the basis of disability and from the creation of physical and social environments which are inaccessible to persons with disabilities . reducing or containing these costs such that they do not become unsustainable depends in part on ensuring the lifelong health and wellbeing of all and therefore on the effective prevention , treatment and management of disease and disability .


### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting science education , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities . ### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society , horizon 2020 should favour responsible research and innovation through the active participation of the societal actors in the research and innovation process , notably by ensuring the uptake of the gender dimension ; by promoting science education , by guaranteeing the respect of ethical legislation and promoting the emergence of an adherence to the highest ethical standards worldwide ; by increasing the accessibility and re - use of the results of publicly funded research , in particular scientific publications and data ; by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing a governance framework that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and facilitates their participation in horizon 2020 activities .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks and balance an increasing renewables share in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions .


### for the implementation of horizon 2020 , account shall be taken of advice and inputs provided by : advisory groups of independent , high level experts set up by the commission ; dialogue structures created under international science and technology agreements ; forward looking activities ; targeted public consultations ; and transparent and interactive processes that ensure responsible research and innovation is supported . ### for the implementation of horizon 2020 , account shall be taken of advice and inputs provided by : advisory groups of independent , high level experts set up by the commission ; dialogue structures created under international science and technology agreements ; forward looking activities ; targeted public consultations ; and transparent and interactive processes that ensure responsible research and innovation is supported . all the relevant scientific disciplines should be represented , alongside experts who are familiar with the needs of industry .


### the european commission does not explicitly solicit the use of human embryonic stem cells . the use of human stem cells , be they adult or embryonic , if any , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . no project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded that does not obtain the necessary approvals from the member states . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . ### stem cells have proved their effectiveness in various medical treatments , particularly in the field regenerative medicine . the union should therefore continue to encourage research in this direction . the european commission , however , acknowledges that human embryo stem cell research raises ethical issues and therefore expressly refrains from soliciting the use of human embryonic stem cells . the use of adult human stem cells , in particular those obtained from umbilical cord blood or induced pluripotent stem cells , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . no project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden .


### support the development , implementation and monitoring of european agriculture and fisheries policies , including food safety and security and the development of a bio - economy through e . g . crop production forecasts , technical and socio - economic analyses and modelling . ### support the development , implementation and monitoring of european agriculture , fisheries and aquaculture policies , including food safety and security and the development of a bio - economy through e . g . crop production forecasts , technical and socio - economic analyses , modelling and scientific and technical basis of fisheries management


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies offering larger scale , lower cost , environmentally safe technologies with higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration - of renewables that are affordable , environmentally safe and have a higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments .


### the european institute of innovation and technology shall be financed through a maximum contribution from horizon 2020 of eur 3194 million as set out in annex ii . a first allocation of eur 1542 million shall be provided to the european institute of innovation and technology for activities under title xvii of the treaty on the functioning of the european union . a second allocation of up to eur 1652 million shall be provided , subject to the review set out in article 26 . this additional amount shall be provided on a pro - rata basis , as indicated in annex ii , from the amount for the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ within the priority on industrial leadership set out in paragraph 2 and from the amount for the priority on societal challenges set out in 2 . ### the european institute of innovation and technology shall be financed through a minimum contribution from horizon 2020 of 3 , 64 percent of the total budget as set out in annex ii .


### research on human stem cells , both adult and embryonic , may be financed , depending both on the contents of the scientific proposal and the legal framework of the member states involved . no funding shall be granted for research activities that are prohibited in all the member states . no activity shall be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . ### research on other types of human stem cells may be financed , depending both on the contents of the scientific proposal and the legal framework of the member states involved . no funding shall be granted for research activities that are prohibited in all the member states . no activity shall be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden .


### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation . ### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . this shall be achieved in close cooperation with the european space agency . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation and their development represents an important opportunity for the union .


### lifelong health and wellbeing for all , high - quality and economically sustainable health and care systems , and opportunities for new jobs and growth are the aims of support to research and innovation in response to this challenge and will make a major contribution to europe 2020 . ### lifelong health and wellbeing for all , high - quality and economically sustainable health and care systems , solutions to deal with the autonomy of an ageing population and opportunities for new jobs and growth are the aims of support to research and innovation in response to this challenge and will make a major contribution to europe 2020 .


### specific actions shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘ societal challenges’ set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ‘ innovation in smes’ in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i . ### specific actions shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘ societal challenges’ set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ‘ innovation in smes’ in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i . it is essential that smes are integrated within the full value chain in order to get access to all opportunities in horizon 2020 .


### powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems , biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the union ' s industrial base and its innovation capacity . examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial applications including bio - chemicals , of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 % - 20 % of chemical production by 2015 . a number of the so - called twelve rules of green chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology , due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio - systems . the possible economic burdens for union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio - based products to reduce co2 emissions , estimated to range from between 1 to 2 . 5 billion tons co2 equivalent per year by 2030 . in europe ' s biopharmaceutical sector , already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology , with up to 50 % of new medicines . biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial , health and environmental applications . the emerging sector of marine biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year . ### powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems , biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the union ' s industrial base and its innovation capacity . examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial applications including bio - chemicals of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 % - 20 % of chemical production by 2015 , as well as agricultural applications including crop production , which is the starting point of the food production value - chain and bio - economy as a whole . a number of the so - called twelve rules of green chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology , due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio - systems . the possible economic burdens for union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio - based products to reduce co2 emissions , estimated to range from between 1 to 2 . 5 billion tons co2 equivalent per year by 2030 . in europe ' s biopharmaceutical sector , already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology , with up to 50 % of new medicines . biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial , health and environmental applications . the emerging sector of marine biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year .


### the potential of biological resources and ecosystems could be used in a much more sustainable , efficient and integrated manner . for examples , the potential of biomass from forests and waste streams from agricultural , aquatic , industrial , and also municipal origins could be better harnessed ### the potential of biological resources and ecosystems could be used in a much more sustainable , efficient and integrated manner . for examples , the potential of biomass from agriculture , forests and waste streams from agricultural , aquatic , industrial , and also municipal origins could be better harnessed


### all the research and innovation activities carried out under horizon 2020 shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national , union and international legislation , including the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and the european convention on human rights and its supplementary protocols . ### all the research and innovation activities carried out under horizon 2020 shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national , union and international legislation , including the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and the european convention on human rights and its supplementary protocols . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies shall be taken into account .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions , thus supporting the full deployment and utilisation of intermittent renewable energy sources .


### the specific objective of space research and innovation is to foster a competitive and innovative space industry and research community to develop and exploit space infrastructure to meet future union policy and societal needs . ### the specific objective of space research and innovation is to foster a competitive and innovative space industry and research community to develop and exploit space infrastructure , applications and services to meet future union policy and societal needs .


### the eit will make a strong contribution to the objectives set in horizon 2020 , in particular by addressing societal challenges in a way complementing other initiatives in these areas . it will test out new and simplified approaches to funding and governance and thereby play a pioneering role within the european innovation landscape . its approach to funding will be firmly based on a strong leverage effect , mobilising both public and private funds . moreover , it will employ entirely new vehicles for targeted support to individual activities through the eit foundation . ### the eit will make a strong contribution to the objectives set in horizon 2020 , in particular by addressing societal challenges in a way complementing other initiatives in these areas . it will test out new and simplified approaches to funding and governance and thereby play a pioneering role within the european innovation landscape . its approach to funding will be firmly based on a strong leverage effect , mobilising both public and private funds . moreover , it will employ entirely new vehicles for targeted support to individual activities .


### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials ; ### climate and water action , resource efficiency and sustainable use of raw materials ;


### specific actions shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘ societal challenges’ set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ‘ innovation in smes’ in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i . ### specific actions for smes shall be undertaken within the specific objective ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ' societal challenges ' set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of , inter alia , a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ' innovation in smes ' in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i .


### the aim is to foster the development of innovative societies and policies in europe through the engagement of citizens , enterprises and users in research and innovation and the promotion of coordinated research and innovation policies in the context of globalisation . particular support will be provided for the development of the era and the development of framework conditions for innovation . ### the aim is to foster the development of innovative societies and policies in europe through the engagement of citizens , enterprises and users in research and innovation , the promotion of coordinated research and innovation policies in the context of globalisation and the study and exploitation of europe’s cultural heritage , placing particular emphasis on the importance of national and regional traditions and identities and the interaction between them . particular support will be provided for the development of the era and the development of framework conditions for innovation .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to enhance inter - modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats . ### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to enhance inter - and multi - modality and the deployment of e - ticketing , smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents , lost man - hours due to delays and cancellations and the impact of security threats .


### inclusive , innovative and secure societies . ### europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies .


### meanwhile , drug and vaccine development processes are becoming more expensive and less effective . persistent health inequalities must be addressed , and access to effective and competent health systems must be ensured for all europeans . ### meanwhile , drug and vaccine development processes are becoming more expensive and less effective , while public health interventions , health promotion , risk factors reduction and prevention strategies proved to be cost - effective in the long term . the validity of the underlying animal tests for humans more and more challenged . their regulatory science needs to be improved . persistent health inequalities must be addressed , and access to effective , viable and competent health systems must be ensured for all europeans .


### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers . ### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to multi - , inter - and trans - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to mathematics , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers .


### the activities developed under horizon 2020 should aim at promoting equality between men and women in research and innovation , by addressing in particular the underlying causes of gender imbalance , by exploiting the full potential of both female and male researchers , and by integrating the gender dimension into the content of projects in order to improve the quality of research and stimulate innovation . activities should also aim at the implementation of the principles relating to the equality between women and men as laid down in articles 2 and 3 of the treaty on european union and article 8 tfeu . ### horizon 2020 funded research activities should comply with the eu acquis communautaire with regard to equal opportunities between men and women . horizon 2020 should pay attention to excellent science and to professional qualification of scientific and research personal of both sex involved in research and innovation . in order to assure the effective use of eu funding , the principal distinction for eu research funding should be the excellence of science project and the professional qualification of the research staff .


### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union . ### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union , in particular the outermost regions , in line with their specific characteristics referred to in articles 174 , 349 and 355 tfeu .


### developing new products and applications , and consumer behaviour that reduce energy demand , and facilitate low - carbon production . ### developing new products and applications , and consumer behaviour that reduce energy demand , and facilitate low - emission production .


### the eit , via its kics , operates in line with business logic . strong leadership is a pre - requisite : each kic is driven by a ceo . kic partners are represented by single legal entities to allow more streamlined decision - making . kics must produce annual business plans , including an ambitious portfolio of activities from education to business creation , with clear targets and deliverables , looking for both market and societal impact . the current rules concerning participation , evaluation and monitoring of kics allow fast - track , business - like decisions . ### the eit , via its kics , operates in line with business logic . strong leadership is a pre - requisite : each kic is driven by a ceo . kic partners are represented by single legal entities to allow more streamlined decision - making . kics must produce annual business plans , including an ambitious portfolio of activities from education to business creation , with clear targets and deliverables , looking for both market and societal impact and clear value added , determined by means of a results - based approach . the current rules concerning participation , evaluation and monitoring of kics allow fast - track , business - like decisions .


### transport is a major driver of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . it ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market and an open and inclusive society . it represents one of europe ' s greatest assets in terms of industrial capability and quality of service , playing a leading role in many world markets . transport industry and transport equipment manufacturing together represent 6 . 3 % of the union ' s gdp . at the same time , the european transport industry faces increasingly fierce competition from other parts of the world . breakthrough technologies will be required to secure europe ' s future competitive edge and to mitigate the drawbacks of our current transport system . ### transport is a major driver of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . it ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market and an open and inclusive society . it represents one of europe ' s greatest assets in terms of industrial capability and quality of service , playing a leading role in many world markets . transport industry and transport equipment manufacturing alone represent 6 . 3 % of the union ' s gdp . however , the transport sector ' s overall contribution to the eu economy is much greater , given that trade in goods , which accounts for almost 30% of the union’s gdp , many services and workers who travel as part of their jobs depend entirely on efficient transport . the contribution transport makes to society by connecting people is also important , but difficult to quantify , and is fundamental to freedom of movement in europe . at the same time , the european transport industry faces increasingly fierce competition from other parts of the world . breakthrough technologies will be required to secure europe ' s future competitive edge and to mitigate the drawbacks of our current transport system .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : «« understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis in different socio - economic contexts ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving the surveillance of infectious diseases in the union as well as in neighbouring and developing countries and preparedness for combating epidemics and emerging diseases ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### research activities intended to create human embryos solely for the purpose of research or for the purpose of stem cell procurement , including by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer . ### activities intended to create human embryos solely for the purpose of research or for the purpose of stem cell procurement , including by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer .


### the eit will address these issues by promoting structural changes in the european innovation landscape . it will do so by fostering the integration of higher education , research and innovation of the highest standards , thereby creating new environments conducive to innovation , and by promoting and supporting a new generation of entrepreneurial people . in doing so , the eit will contribute fully to the objectives of europe 2020 and notably the innovation union and youth on the move flagship initiatives . ### the eit will address these issues by promoting structural changes in the european innovation landscape . it will do so by fostering the integration of higher education , research and innovation of the highest standards , thereby spreading the co - location centres of the kics throughout european regions and so creating new environments conducive to innovation , as well as by promoting and supporting a new generation of entrepreneurial people . in doing so , the eit will contribute fully to the objectives of europe 2020 and notably the innovation union and youth on the move flagship initiatives


### this regulation establishes horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation and determines the framework governing union support to research and innovation activities and fostering better exploitation of the industrial potential of policies of innovation , research and technological development . ### this regulation establishes horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation and determines the framework governing union support to research and innovation activities and fostering better exploitation of the societal , economic and industrial potential of policies of innovation , research and technological development .


### the commission shall annually monitor the implementation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . this shall include information on cross - cutting topics such as sustainability and climate change , including information on the amount of climate related expenditure . ### the commission shall annually monitor the implementation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . this shall include information and indicators on cross - cutting topics such as gender , sustainability and climate change , including information on the amount of climate related expenditure .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies and their relations to societal challenges .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research and standardisation , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies .


### the cost of union health and social care systems is rising with care and prevention measures in all ages increasingly expensive , the number of europeans aged over 65 expected to nearly double from 85 million in 2008 to 151 million by 2060 , and those over 80 to rise from 22 to 61 million in the same period . reducing or containing these costs such that they do not become unsustainable depends in part on ensuring the lifelong health and wellbeing of all and therefore on the effective prevention , treatment and management of disease and disability . ### the cost of union health and social care systems is rising with care and prevention measures in all ages increasingly expensive , the number of europeans aged over 65 expected to nearly double from 85 million in 2008 to 151 million by 2060 , and those over 80 to rise from 22 to 61 million in the same period . reducing or containing these costs such that they do not become unsustainable depends in part on informing people better and encouraging responsible health choices so as to optimise the lifelong health and wellbeing of all and therefore on the effective prevention , treatment and management of disease and disability .


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource - and water - efficient and climate change resilient economy and society , protection of the environment and a sustainable supply of raw materials and ecosystem services , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources and ecosystems . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness , raw materials security and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity , resilience and sustainability with the aim of keeping average global warming below 2 c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change and other environmental changes


### actions which bring together results from a range of projects , including those that may be funded from other sources , to provide user - friendly databases and reports that summarise key findings ; ### actions which bring together results from a range of projects , including those that may be funded from other sources , to provide user - friendly and accessible digital databases and reports that summarise key findings ;


### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness . ### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging public and private investment , creating new job opportunities , promoting economic , social and territorial cohesion and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness .


### smes can be found in all sectors of the economy . they form a more important part of the european economy than of other regions such as the united states of america . all types of smes can innovate . they need to be encouraged and supported to invest in research and innovation . in doing so they should be able to draw on the full innovative potential of the internal market and the era so as to create new business opportunities in europe and beyond and to contribute to find solutions to key societal challenges . ### smes can be found in all sectors of the economy . they form a more important part of the european economy than of other regions such as the united states of america . all types of smes can innovate . they need to be supported to invest in research and innovation and also to enhance their capacity to manage innovation processes . in doing so they should be able to draw on the full innovative potential of the internal market and the era so as to create new business opportunities in europe and beyond and to contribute to find solutions to key societal challenges .


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality healthy food and other bio - based products , avoiding the current over - exploitation of ecosystems , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production and food processing systems which respect biodiversity , bringing together quantitative et qualitative approaches , alongside competitive and low carbon supply chains .


### in the union , cvd annually accounts for more than 2 million deaths and costs the economy more than eur 192 billion while cancer accounts for a quarter of all deaths and is the number one cause of death in people aged 45 - 64 . over 27 million people in the union suffer from diabetes and the total cost of brain disorders has been estimated at eur 800 billion . environmental , life - style and socio - economic factors are relevant in several of these conditions with up to one third of the global disease burden estimated to be related to these . ### in the union , cvd annually accounts for more than 2 million deaths and costs the economy more than eur 192 billion . cancer accounts for a quarter of all deaths and is the number one cause of death in people aged 45 - 64 . over 120 million citizens suffer from rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases , while over 27 million people in the union suffer from diabetes and the total cost of brain disorders has been estimated at eur 800 billion . this figure will continue to rise dramatically , largely as a result of europe ' s ageing population and the associated increase in the burden of neurodegenerative diseases , such as parkinson ' s and alzheimer ' s . environmental , life - style and socio - economic factors are relevant in several of these conditions with up to one third of the global disease burden estimated to be related to these . four risk factors together account for the majority of chronic non - communicable diseases : tobacco consumption , unbalanced diets , alcohol intake and lack of physical activity . however , for other conditions , in particular neurodegenerative diseases , effective prevention strategies will require a considerable boost in research into their causes and the development of better early diagnosis and treatment options .


### the implementation of horizon 2020 should respond to the evolving opportunities and needs from science and technology , industry , policies and society . as such , the agendas should be set in close liaison with stakeholders from all sectors concerned , and sufficient flexibility should be allowed for new developments . external advice should be sought on a continuous basis during horizon 2020 , also making use of relevant structures such as european technology platforms , joint programming initiatives and the european innovation partnerships . ### the implementation of horizon 2020 should respond to the evolving opportunities and development from science and technology , industry , policies and society and environment . as such , the agendas should be set in cooperation with stakeholders from all sectors concerned , and sufficient flexibility should be allowed for new developments , however horizon 2020 must recognise the need for leadership by european institutions to ensure global competitiveness particularly in the area of biotechnology . external advice should be sought on a continuous basis during horizon 2020 , also making use of relevant structures such as european technology platforms , joint programming initiatives and the european innovation partnerships .


### the aims shall be to ensure the implementation and operation of the esfri and other world - class research infrastructures , including the development of regional partner facilities ; integration of and access to national research infrastructures ; and the development , deployment and operation of e - infrastructures . ### the aims shall be to ensure the preparation , construction , implementation and operation of the esfri and other world - class research infrastructures , including the development of regional partner facilities ; integration of and access to national research infrastructures so that european scientists can use them , irrespective of their location , to conduct to top level research ; and the development , deployment and operation of e - infrastructures when there exist strong added value for union intervention .