### (15) the energy efficiency first principle should always be applied in a proportional way and the requirements of this directive should not entail overlapping or conflicting obligations on member states , where the application of the principle is ensured directly by other legislation. this might be the case for the projects of common interest included in the union list pursuant to [article 3 of the revised ten-e regulation] , which introduces the requirements to consider the energy efficiency first principle in the development and assessment for those projects. ### (15) the energy efficiency first principle should always be applied in a proportional way and the requirements of this directive should not entail overlapping or conflicting obligations on member states , where the application of the principle is ensured directly by other legislation. among others , this might be the case for the projects of common interest included in the union list pursuant to [article 3 of the revised ten-e regulation] , which introduces the requirements to consider the energy efficiency first principle in the development and assessment for those projects.


### (19) reaching an ambitious energy efficiency target requires barriers to be removed in order to facilitate investment in energy efficiency measures. the life clean energy transition sub-programme will dedicate funding to support development of the european best practice in energy efficiency policy implementation addressing behavioural , market , and regulatory barriers to energy efficiency. ### (19) reaching an ambitious energy efficiency target requires barriers to be removed and market certainty to be increased in order to facilitate investment in energy efficiency measures. the life clean energy transition sub-programme will dedicate funding to support development of the european best practice in energy efficiency policy implementation addressing behavioural , market , and regulatory barriers to energy efficiency.


### (19) reaching an ambitious energy efficiency target requires barriers to be removed in order to facilitate investment in energy efficiency measures. the life clean energy transition sub-programme will dedicate funding to support development of the european best practice in energy efficiency policy implementation addressing behavioural , market , and regulatory barriers to energy efficiency. ### (19) reaching an ambitious energy efficiency target also requires barriers to be removed in order to facilitate investment in energy efficiency measures. the life clean energy transition sub-programme will dedicate funding to support development of the european best practice in energy efficiency policy implementation addressing behavioural , market , and regulatory barriers to energy efficiency.


### (20) the european council of 23 and 24 october 2014 supported a 27 % energy efficiency target for 2030 at union level , to be reviewed by 2020 having in mind a union-level target of 30%. in its resolution of 15 december 2015 entitled ‘towards a european energy union’ , the european parliament called on the commission to assess , in addition , the viability of a 40% energy efficiency target for the same timeframe. ### deleted


### (24) the need for the union to improve its energy efficiency should be expressed in primary and final energy consumption , to be achieved in 2030 , indicating additional level of efforts required when compared to the measures in place or planned measures in the national energy and climate plans. the 2020 reference scenario projects 864 mtoe of final energy consumption and 1124 mtoe of primary energy consumption to be reached in 2030 (excluding ambient heat and including international aviation). an additional reduction of 9% results in 787 mtoe and 1023 mtoe in 2030 respectively. compared to 2005 levels , it means that final energy consumption in the union should be reduced by some 23% and primary and energy consumption should be reduced by some 32%. there are no binding targets at member state level in the 2020 and 2030 perspective , and member states should establish their contributions to the achievement of the union’s energy efficiency target taking into account the formula provided in this directive. member states should be free to set their national objectives based either on primary or final energy consumption or primary or final energy savings , or on energy intensity. this directive amends the way how member states should express their national contributions to the union´s target. member states’ contributions to the union’s target should be expressed in final and primary energy consumption to ensure consistency and monitoring of progress. a regular evaluation of progress towards the achievement of the union's 2030 targets is necessary and is provided for in regulation (eu) 2018/1999. ### (does not affect english version.)


### (25) it would be preferable for the energy efficiency target to be achieved as a result of the cumulative implementation of specific national and european measures promoting energy efficiency in different fields. member states should be required to set national energy efficiency policies and measures . those policies and measures and the individual efforts of each member state should be evaluated by the commission , alongside data on the progress made , to assess the likelihood of achieving the overall union target and the extent to which the individual efforts are sufficient to meet the common goal. ### (25) it would be preferable for the energy efficiency target to be achieved as a result of the cumulative implementation of specific national and european measures promoting energy efficiency in different fields. without prejudice to other priorities in energy area , member states should be required to set national energy efficiency policies and measures that are proportional to their economic capacity. those policies and measures and the individual efforts of each member state should be evaluated by the commission , alongside data on the progress made , to assess the likelihood of achieving the overall union target and the extent to which the individual efforts are sufficient to meet the common goal.


### (26) the public sector is responsible for around 5 to 10% of total union’s final energy consumption. public authorities spend approximately 1.8 trillion euro annually. this represents around 14% of the union’s gross domestic product. for that reason the public sector constitutes an important driver to stimulate market transformation towards more efficient products , buildings and services , as well as to trigger behavioural changes in energy consumption by citizens and enterprises. furthermore , decreasing energy consumption through energy efficiency improvement measures can free up public resources for other purposes. public bodies at national , regional and local level should fulfil an exemplary role as regards energy efficiency. ### (26) the public sector is responsible for around 5 to 10% of total union’s final energy consumption. public authorities spend approximately 1.8 trillion euro annually. this represents around 14% of the union’s gross domestic product. for that reason the public sector constitutes an important driver to stimulate market transformation towards more efficient products , buildings and services , as well as to trigger behavioural changes in energy consumption by citizens and enterprises. furthermore , decreasing energy consumption through energy efficiency improvement measures can in the long-term potentially free up public resources for other purposes. public bodies at national , regional and local level should fulfil an exemplary role as regards energy efficiency. the new european bauhaus initiative can play a role in helping to achieve these aims.


### (27) to lead by example , the public sector should set its own decarbonisation and energy efficiency goals. energy efficiency improvements in the public sector should reflect the efforts required at union level. to comply with the final energy consumption target , the union should decrease its final energy consumption by 19% by 2030 as compared to the average energy consumption in years 2017 , 2018 and 2019. an obligation to achieve an annual reduction of the energy consumption in the public sector by at least 1 ,7% should ensure that the public sector fulfils its exemplary role. member states retain full flexibility regarding the choice of energy efficiency improvement measures to achieve a reduction of the final energy consumption. requiring an annual reduction of final energy consumption has a lower administrative burden than establishing measurement methods for energy savings. ### (27) to lead by example , the public sector should set its own decarbonisation and energy efficiency goals. energy efficiency improvements in the public sector should reflect the efforts required at union level. to comply with the final energy consumption target , the union should decrease its final energy consumption by 19% by 2030 as compared to the average energy consumption in the time period between 2017-2019. an obligation to achieve an annual reduction of the energy consumption in the public sector by at least 1 ,7% should ensure that the public sector fulfils its exemplary role. member states retain full flexibility regarding the choice of energy efficiency improvement measures to achieve a reduction of the final energy consumption. requiring an annual reduction of final energy consumption has a lower administrative burden than establishing measurement methods for energy savings.


### (30) public authorities are encouraged to obtain support from entities such as sustainable energy agencies , where applicable established at regional or local level. the organisation of those agencies usually reflect the individual needs of public authorities in a certain region or operating in a certain area of the public sector. centralised agencies can serve the needs better and work more effectively in other respects , for example , in smaller or centralised member states or regarding complex or cross-regional aspects such as district heating and cooling. sustainable energy agencies can serve as one-stop-shops pursuant to article 21. those agencies are often responsible for developing local or regional decarbonisation plans , which may also include other decarbonisation measures , such as the exchange of fossil fuels boilers , and to support public authorities in the implementation of energy related policies. sustainable energy agencies or other entities to assist regional and local authorities may have clear competences , objectives and resources in the field of sustainable energy. sustainable energy agencies could be encouraged to consider initiatives taken in the framework of the covenant of mayors , which brings together local governments voluntarily committed to implementing the union´s climate and energy objectives , and other existing initiatives for this purpose. the decarbonisation plans should be linked to territorial development plans and take into account the comprehensive assessment which the member states should carry out. ### (30) public authorities should seek to obtain support from entities such as sustainable energy agencies , where applicable established at regional or local level. the organisation of those agencies usually reflect the individual needs of public authorities in a certain region or operating in a certain area of the public sector. centralised agencies can serve the needs better and work more effectively in other respects , for example , in smaller or centralised member states or regarding complex or cross-regional aspects such as district heating and cooling. sustainable energy agencies can serve as one-stop-shops pursuant to article 21. those agencies are often responsible for developing local or regional decarbonisation plans , which may also include other decarbonisation measures , such as the exchange of fossil fuels boilers , and to support public authorities in the implementation of energy related policies. sustainable energy agencies or other entities to assist regional and local authorities may have clear competences , objectives and resources in the field of sustainable energy. sustainable energy agencies could be encouraged to consider initiatives taken in the framework of the covenant of mayors , which brings together local governments voluntarily committed to implementing the union´s climate and energy objectives , and other existing initiatives for this purpose. the decarbonisation plans should be linked to territorial development plans and take into account the comprehensive assessment which the member states should carry out.


### (31) member states should support public bodies in planning and the uptake of energy efficiency improvement measures , including at regional and local levels , by providing guidelines promoting competence building and training opportunities and encouraging cooperation amongst public bodies including amongst agencies. for that purpose , member states could set up national competence centres on complex issues , such as advising local or regional energy agencies on district heating or cooling. ### (31) member states should support public bodies in planning and the uptake of energy efficiency improvement measures , including at regional and local levels , by providing financial and technical support and submitting plans addressing the lack of workforce needed for all stages of the green transition , including craftsmen as well as high-skilled green technology experts , applied scientists and innovators. member states should encourage public bodies to take into account the wider benefits beyond energy savings , such as indoor air and environmental quality as well as the improvement of quality of life , especially for schools , nursing homes , hospitals and social housing. member states should provide guidelines promoting competence building and training opportunities and encouraging cooperation amongst public bodies including amongst agencies. for that purpose , member states could set up national competence centres on complex issues , such as advising local or regional energy agencies on district heating or cooling.


### (31) member states should support public bodies in planning and the uptake of energy efficiency improvement measures , including at regional and local levels , by providing guidelines promoting competence building and training opportunities and encouraging cooperation amongst public bodies including amongst agencies. for that purpose , member states could set up national competence centres on complex issues , such as advising local or regional energy agencies on district heating or cooling. ### (31) member states should support public bodies in planning and the uptake of energy efficiency improvement measures , including at regional and local levels , by providing guidelines promoting competence building and training opportunities and encouraging cooperation amongst public bodies including amongst agencies. for that purpose , member states that have spare administrational and economic capacity could set up national competence centres on complex issues , such as advising local or regional energy agencies on district heating or cooling. furthermore , the involvement of the private sector in finding the best solutions is strongly encouraged.


### (31) member states should support public bodies in planning and the uptake of energy efficiency improvement measures , including at regional and local levels , by providing guidelines promoting competence building and training opportunities and encouraging cooperation amongst public bodies including amongst agencies. for that purpose , member states could set up national competence centres on complex issues , such as advising local or regional energy agencies on district heating or cooling. ### (31) member states should support public bodies in planning and the uptake of energy efficiency improvement measures , including at regional and local levels , by inter alia providing guidelines promoting competence building and training opportunities and encouraging cooperation amongst public bodies including agencies. for that purpose , member states could set up national competence centres on complex issues , such as advising local or regional energy agencies on district heating or cooling.


### (32) buildings and transport , alongside industry , are the main energy users and main source of emissions.61 buildings are responsible for about 40% of the union’s total energy consumption and for 36% of its ghg from energy.62 the commission communication entitled renovation wave63 addresses the twin challenge of energy and resource efficiency and affordability in the building sector and aims at doubling the renovation rate. it focusses on the worst performing buildings , energy poverty and on public buildings. moreover , buildings are crucial to achieving the union objective of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. buildings owned by public bodies account for a considerable share of the building stock and have high visibility in public life. it is therefore appropriate to set an annual rate of renovation of buildings owned by public bodies on the territory of a member state to upgrade their energy performance. member states are invited to set a higher renovation rate , where that is cost-effective in the framework of the renovation of their buildings stock in conformity with their long term renovation strategies or national renovation programmes. that renovation rate should be without prejudice to the obligations with regard to nearly-zero energy buildings (nzebs) set in directive 2010/31/eu of the european parliament and of the council.64 during the next review of directive 2010/31/eu , the commission should assess the progress member states achieved regarding the renovation of public bodies’ buildings. the commission should consider submitting a legislative proposal to revise the renovation rate , while taking into account the progress achieved by the member states , substantial economic or technical developments , or where needed , the union´s commitments for decarbonisation and zero pollution. the obligation to renovate public bodies’ buildings in this directive complements that directive , which requires member states to ensure that when existing buildings undergo major renovation their energy performance is upgraded so that they meet the requirements on nzebs. ### (32) buildings and transport , alongside industry , are the main energy users and main source of emissions.61 buildings are responsible for about 40% of the union’s total energy consumption and for 36% of its ghg from energy.62 the commission communication entitled renovation wave63 addresses the twin challenge of energy and resource efficiency and affordability in the building sector and aims at doubling the renovation rate. it focusses on the worst performing buildings , energy poverty and on public buildings. moreover , buildings are crucial to achieving the union objective of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. buildings owned by public bodies account for a considerable share of the building stock and have high visibility in public life. it is therefore appropriate to set an annual rate of renovation of buildings owned by public bodies on the territory of a member state to upgrade their energy performance. member states are invited to set a higher renovation rate , where that is cost-effective in the framework of the renovation of their buildings stock in conformity with their long term renovation strategies or national renovation programmes. that renovation rate should be without prejudice to the obligations with regard to nearly-zero energy buildings (nzebs) set in directive 2010/31/eu of the european parliament and of the council.64member states should be allowed to install less stringent requirements for historic buildings or buildings with special architecture if they can proof the incompatibility with the nzeb requirements. during the next review of directive 2010/31/eu , the commission should assess the progress member states achieved regarding the renovation of public bodies’ buildings. the commission should consider submitting a legislative proposal to revise the renovation rate , while taking into account the progress achieved by the member states , substantial economic or technical developments or where needed , the union´s commitments for decarbonisation and zero pollution. the obligation to renovate public bodies’ buildings in this directive complements that directive , which requires member states to ensure that when existing buildings undergo major renovation their energy performance is upgraded so that they meet the requirements on nzebs.


### (32) buildings and transport , alongside industry , are the main energy users and main source of emissions.61 buildings are responsible for about 40% of the union’s total energy consumption and for 36% of its ghg from energy.62 the commission communication entitled renovation wave63 addresses the twin challenge of energy and resource efficiency and affordability in the building sector and aims at doubling the renovation rate. it focusses on the worst performing buildings , energy poverty and on public buildings. moreover , buildings are crucial to achieving the union objective of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. buildings owned by public bodies account for a considerable share of the building stock and have high visibility in public life. it is therefore appropriate to set an annual rate of renovation of buildings owned by public bodies on the territory of a member state to upgrade their energy performance. member states are invited to set a higher renovation rate , where that is cost-effective in the framework of the renovation of their buildings stock in conformity with their long term renovation strategies or national renovation programmes. that renovation rate should be without prejudice to the obligations with regard to nearly-zero energy buildings (nzebs) set in directive 2010/31/eu of the european parliament and of the council.64 during the next review of directive 2010/31/eu , the commission should assess the progress member states achieved regarding the renovation of public bodies’ buildings. the commission should consider submitting a legislative proposal to revise the renovation rate , while taking into account the progress achieved by the member states , substantial economic or technical developments , or where needed , the union´s commitments for decarbonisation and zero pollution. the obligation to renovate public bodies’ buildings in this directive complements that directive , which requires member states to ensure that when existing buildings undergo major renovation their energy performance is upgraded so that they meet the requirements on nzebs. ### (32) buildings and transport , alongside industry , are the main energy users and main source of emissions.61 buildings are responsible for about 40% of the union’s total energy consumption and for 36% of its ghg from energy.62 the commission communication entitled renovation wave63 addresses the twin challenge of energy and resource efficiency and affordability in the building sector and aims at doubling the renovation rate. it focusses on the worst performing buildings , energy poverty and on public buildings. moreover , buildings are crucial to achieving the union objective of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. buildings owned by public bodies account for a considerable share of the building stock and they play an important role in public life and thus can serve as an example for private sector. it is therefore appropriate to set an annual rate of renovation of buildings owned by public bodies on the territory of a member state to upgrade their energy performance. member states are invited to set a higher renovation rate , where that is cost-effective in the framework of the renovation of their buildings stock in conformity with their long term renovation strategies or national renovation programmes. that renovation rate should be without prejudice to the obligations with regard to nearly-zero energy buildings (nzebs) set in directive 2010/31/eu of the european parliament and of the council.64 during the next review of directive 2010/31/eu , the commission should assess the progress member states achieved regarding the renovation of public bodies’ buildings. the commission should consider submitting a legislative proposal to revise the renovation rate , while taking into account the progress achieved by the member states , substantial economic or technical developments , or where needed , the union´s commitments for decarbonisation and zero pollution. the obligation to renovate public bodies’ buildings in this directive complements that directive , which requires member states to ensure that when existing buildings undergo major renovation their energy performance is upgraded so that they meet the requirements on nzebs.


### (41) the global warming potential over the full life-cycle measures the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the building at different stages along its life cycle. it therefore measures the building’s overall contribution to emissions that lead to climate change. that is sometimes referred to as a carbon footprint assessment or the whole life carbon measurement. it brings together carbon emissions embodied in building materials with direct and indirect carbon emissions from use stage. buildings are a significant material bank , being repositories for carbon intensive resources over many decades , and so it is important to explore designs that facilitate future reuse and recycling at the end of the operational life. ### (41) the global warming potential over the full life-cycle measures the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the building at different stages along its life cycle. it therefore measures the building’s overall contribution to emissions that lead to climate change. that is sometimes referred to as a carbon footprint assessment or the whole life carbon measurement. it brings together carbon emissions embodied in building materials with direct and indirect carbon emissions from use stage. buildings are a significant material bank , being repositories for carbon intensive resources over many decades , and so it is important to explore designs that facilitate future reuse and recycling at the end of the operational life , whilst reducing the existing significant carbon intensity of the buildings sector.


### (43) directive 2010/75/eu of the european parliament and of the council69 governs installations that contribute to energy production or use energy for production purposes , and information on the energy used in or generated by the installation must be included in applications for integrated permits (article 12(1)(b)). moreover , that directive specifies in article 11 of that directive that efficient use of energy is one of the general principles governing the basic obligations of the operator and one of the criteria for determining best available techniques pursuant to annex iii of the directive 2010/75/eu. the operational efficiency of energy systems at any given moment is influenced by the ability to feed power generated from different sources — with different degrees of inertia and start-up times — into the grid smoothly and flexibly. improving efficiency will enable better use to be made of renewable energy. ### (does not affect english version.)


### (45) the energy savings obligation established by this directive should be increased and should also apply after 2030 . that ensures stability for investors and thus encourage long-term investments and long-term energy efficiency measures , such as the deep renovation of buildings with the long-term objective of facilitating the cost effective transformation of existing buildings into nzebs. the energy savings obligation has an important role in the creation of local growth , jobs , competitiveness and alleviating energy poverty. it should ensure that the union can achieve its energy and climate objectives by creating further opportunities and to break the link between energy consumption and growth. cooperation with the private sector is important to assess the conditions on which private investment for energy efficiency projects can be unlocked and to develop new revenue models for innovation in the field of energy efficiency. ### (45) the energy savings obligation established by this directive should be increased and should also apply after 2030 . that ensures stability for investors and thus encourage long-term investments and long-term energy efficiency measures , such as the deep or staged-deep renovation of buildings with the long-term objective of facilitating the cost effective transformation of existing buildings into nzebs with the exception of historic buildings or buildings with special architecture for which less stringent requirements may apply. the energy savings obligation has an important role in the creation of local growth , jobs , competitiveness and alleviating energy poverty. it should ensure that the union can achieve its energy and climate objectives by creating further opportunities and to break the link between energy consumption and growth. cooperation with the private sector is important to assess the conditions on which private investment for energy efficiency projects can be unlocked and to develop new revenue models for innovation in the field of energy efficiency.


### (54) the energy savings obligation established by this directive should be increased and should also apply after 2030 . that ensures stability for investors and thus encourage long-term investments and long-term energy efficiency measures , such as the deep renovation of buildings with the long-term objective of facilitating the cost effective transformation of existing buildings into nzebs. the energy savings obligation has an important role in the creation of local growth , jobs , competitiveness and alleviating energy poverty. it should ensure that the union can achieve its energy and climate objectives by creating further opportunities and to break the link between energy consumption and growth. cooperation with the private sector is important to assess the conditions on which private investment for energy efficiency projects can be unlocked and to develop new revenue models for innovation in the field of energy efficiency. ### (45) the energy savings obligation established by this directive should be increased and should also apply after 2030 . that ensures stability for investors and thus encourage long-term investments and long-term energy efficiency measures , such as the deep renovation of buildings with the long-term objective of facilitating the cost effective transformation of existing buildings into nzebs. the energy savings obligation has an important role in the creation of local growth , jobs , competitiveness and alleviating energy poverty. it should ensure that the union can achieve its energy and climate objectives by creating further opportunities and to break the link between energy consumption and economic growth. cooperation with the private sector is important to assess the conditions on which private investment for energy efficiency projects can be unlocked and to develop new revenue models for innovation in the field of energy efficiency.


### (50) when designing policy measures to fulfil the energy savings obligation , member states should respect the climate and environmental standards and priorities of the union and comply with the principle of ‘do no significant harm’ within the meaning of regulation (eu) 2020/85271 . member states should not promote activities that are not environmentally sustainable such as use of solid fossil fuels. the energy savings obligation aims at strengthening the response to climate change by promoting incentives to member states to implement a sustainable and clean policy mix , which is resilient , and mitigates climate change. therefore , energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion will not be eligible energy savings under energy savings obligation as of transposition of this directive. it will allow aligning the energy savings obligation with the objectives of the european green deal , the climate target plan , the renovation wave strategy , and mirror the need for action identified by the iea in its net zero report72 . the restriction aims at encouraging member states to spend public money into future-proof , sustainable technologies only. it is important that member states provide a clear policy framework and investment certainty to market actors. the implementation of the calculation methodology under energy savings obligation should allow all market actors to adapt their technologies in a reasonable timeframe. where member states support the uptake of efficient fossil fuel technologies or early replacement of such technology , for example through subsidy schemes or energy efficiency obligation schemes , energy savings may not be eligible anymore under the energy savings obligation. while energy savings resulting , for example , from the promotion of natural gas-based cogeneration would not be eligible , the restriction would not apply for indirect fossil fuel usage , for example where the electricity production includes fossil fuel generation. policy measures targeting behavioural changes to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel , for example through information campaigns , eco-driving , should remain eligible. the energy savings from policy measures targeting building renovations may contain measures such as a replacement of fossil fuel heating systems together with building fabric improvements , which should be limited to those technologies that allow achieving the required energy savings according to the national building codes established in a member state. nevertheless , member states should promote upgrading heating systems as part of deep renovations in line with the long-term objective of carbon neutrality , i.e. reducing the heating demand and covering the remaining heating demand with a carbon-free energy source. ### (50) when designing policy measures to fulfil the energy savings obligation , member states should respect the climate and environmental standards and priorities of the union and comply with the principle of ‘do no significant harm’ within the meaning of regulation (eu) 2020/85271 . member states should not promote activities that are not environmentally sustainable such as use of solid fossil fuels. the energy savings obligation aims at strengthening the response to climate change by promoting incentives to member states to implement a sustainable and clean policy mix , which is resilient , and mitigates climate change. policy measures targeting behavioural changes should remain eligible and should be expanded by member states. the energy savings from policy measures targeting building renovations may contain measures such as a replacement of heating systems together with building fabric improvements. nevertheless , member states should promote upgrading heating systems as part of deep renovations in line with the long-term objective of carbon neutrality , i.e. reducing the heating demand and covering the remaining heating demand with a carbon-free energy source.


### (51) member states' energy efficiency improvement measures in transport are eligible to be taken into account for achieving their end-use energy savings obligation. such measures include policies that are , inter alia , dedicated to promoting more efficient vehicles , a modal shift to cycling , walking and collective transport , or mobility and urban planning that reduces demand for transport. in addition , schemes which accelerate the uptake of new , more efficient vehicles or policies fostering a shift to fuels with reduced levels of emissions , except policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion , that reduce energy use per kilometre are also capable of being eligible , subject to compliance with the rules on materiality and additionality set out in annex v to this directive. policy measures promoting the uptake of new fossil fuel vehicles should not qualify as eligible measures under the energy savings obligation. ### (51) member states' energy efficiency improvement measures in transport are eligible to be taken into account for achieving their end-use energy savings obligation. such measures include policies that are , inter alia , dedicated to promoting more efficient vehicles , a modal shift to cycling , walking and collective transport , or mobility and urban planning that reduces demand for transport. in addition , schemes which accelerate the uptake of new , more efficient vehicles or policies fostering a shift to fuels with reduced levels of emissions , that reduce energy use per kilometre are also capable of being eligible , subject to compliance with the rules on materiality and additionality set out in annex v to this directive.


### (51) member states' energy efficiency improvement measures in transport are eligible to be taken into account for achieving their end-use energy savings obligation. such measures include policies that are , inter alia , dedicated to promoting more efficient vehicles , a modal shift to cycling , walking and collective transport , or mobility and urban planning that reduces demand for transport. in addition , schemes which accelerate the uptake of new , more efficient vehicles or policies fostering a shift to fuels with reduced levels of emissions , except policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion , that reduce energy use per kilometre are also capable of being eligible , subject to compliance with the rules on materiality and additionality set out in annex v to this directive. policy measures promoting the uptake of new fossil fuel vehicles should not qualify as eligible measures under the energy savings obligation. ### (51) member states' energy efficiency improvement measures in transport are eligible to be taken into account for achieving their end-use energy savings obligation. such measures include policies that are , inter alia , dedicated to promoting more efficient vehicles , a modal shift to cycling , walking and collective transport , or mobility and urban planning that reduces demand for transport. in addition , schemes which accelerate the uptake of new , more efficient vehicles or policies fostering a shift to fuels with reduced levels of emissions , that reduce energy use per kilometre are also capable of being eligible , subject to compliance with the rules on materiality and additionality set out in annex v to this directive. policy measures promoting the uptake of new , less-polluting fossil fuel vehicles that replace the ageing car fleets should also qualify as eligible measures under the energy savings obligation.


### (54) member states and obligated parties should make use of all available means and technologies , except regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion technologies , to achieve the cumulative end-use energy savings required , including by promoting sustainable technologies in efficient district heating and cooling systems , efficient heating and cooling infrastructure and energy audits or equivalent management systems , provided that the energy savings claimed comply with the requirements laid down in article 8 and annex v to this directive. member states should aim for a high degree of flexibility in the design and implementation of alternative policy measures. member states should encourage actions resulting in energy savings over the long lifetimes. ### (54) member states and obligated parties should make use of all available means and technologies , to achieve the cumulative end-use energy savings required , including by promoting cost-effective and sustainable technologies in efficient district heating and cooling systems , efficient heating and cooling infrastructure and energy audits or equivalent management systems , provided that the energy savings claimed comply with the requirements laid down in article 8 and annex v to this directive. member states should aim for a high degree of flexibility in the design and implementation of alternative policy measures. member states should encourage actions resulting in energy savings over the long lifetimes , provided they do not adversely affect final users , especially lower income households , in the short-term.


### (54) member states and obligated parties should make use of all available means and technologies , except regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion technologies , to achieve the cumulative end-use energy savings required , including by promoting sustainable technologies in efficient district heating and cooling systems , efficient heating and cooling infrastructure and energy audits or equivalent management systems , provided that the energy savings claimed comply with the requirements laid down in article 8 and annex v to this directive. member states should aim for a high degree of flexibility in the design and implementation of alternative policy measures. member states should encourage actions resulting in energy savings over the long lifetimes. ### (54) member states and obligated parties should make use of all available means and technologies , to achieve the cumulative end-use energy savings required , including by promoting sustainable technologies in efficient district heating and cooling systems , efficient heating and cooling infrastructure and energy audits or equivalent management systems , provided that the energy savings claimed comply with the requirements laid down in article 8 and annex v to this directive. member states should aim for a high degree of flexibility in the design and implementation of alternative policy measures. member states should encourage actions resulting in energy savings over the long lifetimes.


### (59) the effective management of water can make a significant contribution to energy savings. the water and wastewater sectors account for 3 ,5% of electricity use in the union and that share is expected to rise. at the same time , water leaks account for 24% of total water consumed in the union and the energy sector is the largest consumer of water , accounting for 44% of consumption. the potential for energy savings through the use of smart technologies and processes should be fully explored and applied whenever cost-effective and the energy efficiency first principle should be considered. conversely , advanced irrigation technologies could substantially reduce water consumption in agriculture and the energy used for treating and transporting it . ### (59) the effective management of water can make a significant contribution to energy savings. the water and wastewater sectors account for 3 ,5% of electricity use in the union and that share is expected to rise. at the same time , water leaks account for 24% of total water consumed in the union and the energy sector is the largest consumer of water , accounting for 44% of consumption. the potential for energy savings through the use of smart technologies and processes should be fully explored and applied whenever cost-effective and the energy efficiency first principle should be considered. advanced irrigation technologies could then substantially reduce water consumption in agriculture and the energy used for treating and transporting it .


### (60) in accordance with article 9 of the treaty , the union's energy efficiency policies should be inclusive and should therefore ensure equal access to energy efficiency measures for all consumers affected by energy poverty. improvements in energy efficiency should , be implemented as a priority among vulnerable customers and final users , people affected by energy poverty , and , where appropriate , among medium-income households and people living in social housing , elderly people and those living in rural and remote areas. in this context , specific attention should be paid to particular groups which are more at risk of being affected by energy poverty or more susceptible to the adverse impacts of energy poverty , such as women , persons with disabilities , elderly people , children , and persons with a minority racial or ethnic background. member states can require obligated parties to include social aims in energy-saving measures in relation to energy poverty and this possibility had already been extended to alternative policy measures and european energy efficiency national funds. that should be transformed into an obligation to protect and empower vulnerable customers and final users and to alleviate energy poverty , while allowing member states to retain full flexibility with regard to the type of policy measure , their size , scope and content. if an energy efficiency obligation scheme does not permit measures relating to individual energy consumers , the member state may take measures to alleviate energy poverty by means of alternative policy measures alone. within its policy mix , member states should ensure that other policy measures do not have an adverse effect on vulnerable customers , final users , people affected by energy poverty and , where applicable , people living in social housing. member states should make best possible use of public funding investments into energy efficiency improvement measures , including funding and financial facilities established at union level. ### (60) in accordance with article 9 of the treaty , the union's energy efficiency policies should be inclusive and should ensure equal access to energy efficiency measures for all consumers , including consumers affected by energy poverty. improvements in energy efficiency should , be implemented as a priority among vulnerable customers and final users , people affected by energy poverty , and , where appropriate , among medium-income households and people living in social housing , elderly people and those living in structurally disadvantaged or rural and remote areas. in this context , specific attention should be paid to particular groups which are more at risk of being affected by energy poverty or more susceptible to the adverse impacts of energy poverty , such as women , persons with disabilities , elderly people , children , and persons with a minority racial or ethnic background. member states can require obligated parties to include social aims in energy-saving measures in relation to energy poverty and this possibility had already been extended to alternative policy measures and european energy efficiency national funds. that should be transformed into an obligation to protect and empower vulnerable customers and final users and to alleviate energy poverty and prevent its further spread , while allowing member states to retain full flexibility with regard to the type of policy measure , their size , scope and content. if an energy efficiency obligation scheme does not permit measures relating to individual energy consumers , the member state may take measures to alleviate energy poverty by means of alternative policy measures alone. within its policy mix , member states should ensure that other policy measures do not have an adverse effect on vulnerable customers , final users , people affected by energy poverty and , where applicable , people living in social housing. member states should make best possible use of public funding investments into energy efficiency improvement measures , including funding and financial facilities established at union level.


### (63) to tap the energy savings potential in certain market segments where energy audits are generally not offered commercially (such as small and medium-sized enterprises (smes)) , member states should develop programmes to encourage smes to undergo energy audits. energy audits should be mandatory and regular for large enterprises , as energy savings can be significant. energy audits should take into account relevant european or international standards , such as en iso 50001 (energy management systems) , or en 16247-1 (energy audits) , or , if including an energy audit , en iso 14000 (environmental management systems) and thus be also in line with the provisions of annex vi to this directive as such provisions do not go beyond the requirements of these relevant standards. a specific european standard on energy audits is currently under development. energy audits may be carried out on a stand-alone basis or be part of a broader environmental management system or an energy performance contract. in all such cases those systems should comply with the minimum requirements of annex vi. in addition , specific mechanisms and schemes established to monitor emissions and fuel consumption by certain transport operators , for example under eu law the eu ets , may be considered compatible with energy audits , including in energy management systems , if they comply with the minimum requirements set out in annex vi. ### (63) to tap the energy savings potential in certain market segments where energy audits are generally not offered commercially (such as small and medium-sized enterprises (smes)) , member states should develop programmes to support the conduct of energy audits. energy audits should be mandatory and regular for large enterprises , as energy savings can be significant. energy audits should take into account relevant european or international standards , such as en iso 50001 (energy management systems) , or en 16247-1 (energy audits) , or , if including an energy audit , en iso 14000 (environmental management systems) and thus be also in line with the provisions of annex vi to this directive as such provisions do not go beyond the requirements of these relevant standards. a specific european standard on energy audits is currently under development. energy audits may be carried out on a stand-alone basis or be part of a broader environmental management system or an energy performance contract. in all such cases those systems should comply with the minimum requirements of annex vi. in addition , specific mechanisms and schemes established to monitor emissions and fuel consumption by certain transport operators , for example under eu law the eu ets , may be considered compatible with energy audits , including in energy management systems , if they comply with the minimum requirements set out in annex vi.


### (65) where energy audits are carried out by in-house experts , the necessary independence would require these experts not to be directly engaged in the activity audited. ### (65) where energy audits are carried out by in-house qualified experts , the necessary independence would require these experts not to be directly engaged in the activity audited.


### (66) the information and communications technology (ict) sector another important sector which receives increasing attention. in 2018 the energy consumption of data centres in the eu was 76 ,8 twh. this is expected to rise to 98.5 twh by 2030 , a 28% increase. this increase in absolute terms can as well be seen in relative terms: within the eu , data centres accounted for 2 ,7% of electricity demand in 2018 and will reach 3 ,21% by 2030 if development continues on the current trajectory75 . europe’s digital strategy already highlighted the need for highly energy-efficient and sustainable data centres and calls for transparency measures for telecommunication operators on their environmental footprint. to promote sustainable development in the ict sector , particularly of data centres , member states should collect and publish data , which is relevant for the energy performance and water footprint of data centres. member states should collect and publish data only about data centres with a significant footprint , for which appropriate design or efficiency interventions , for new or existing installations respectively , can result in a considerable reduction of the energy and water consumption or in the reuse of waste heat in nearby facilities and heat networks. a data centre sustainability indicator can be established on the basis of that data collected ### (66) the information and communications technology (ict) sector another important sector which receives increasing attention. in 2018 the energy consumption of data centres in the eu was 76 ,8 twh. this is expected to rise to 98.5 twh by 2030 , a 28% increase. this increase in absolute terms can as well be seen in relative terms: within the eu , data centres accounted for 2 ,7% of electricity demand in 2018 and will reach 3 ,21% by 2030 if development continues on the current trajectory75 . europe’s digital strategy already highlighted the need for highly energy-efficient and sustainable data centres and calls for transparency measures for telecommunication operators on their environmental footprint. to promote sustainable development in the ict sector , particularly of data centres , member states should collect and publish data , which is relevant for the energy performance and water footprint of data centres. member states should collect and publish data only about data centres with a significant footprint , for which appropriate design or efficiency interventions , for new or existing installations respectively , can result in a considerable reduction of the energy and water consumption or in the reuse of waste heat in nearby facilities and heat networks. a data centre sustainability indicator can be established on the basis of that data collected. in relation to the above , the commission should involve all relevant stakeholders and carry out the necessary consultations.


### (66) the information and communications technology (ict) sector another important sector which receives increasing attention. in 2018 the energy consumption of data centres in the eu was 76 ,8 twh. this is expected to rise to 98.5 twh by 2030 , a 28% increase. this increase in absolute terms can as well be seen in relative terms: within the eu , data centres accounted for 2 ,7% of electricity demand in 2018 and will reach 3 ,21% by 2030 if development continues on the current trajectory75 . europe’s digital strategy already highlighted the need for highly energy-efficient and sustainable data centres and calls for transparency measures for telecommunication operators on their environmental footprint. to promote sustainable development in the ict sector , particularly of data centres , member states should collect and publish data , which is relevant for the energy performance and water footprint of data centres. member states should collect and publish data only about data centres with a significant footprint , for which appropriate design or efficiency interventions , for new or existing installations respectively , can result in a considerable reduction of the energy and water consumption or in the reuse of waste heat in nearby facilities and heat networks. a data centre sustainability indicator can be established on the basis of that data collected ### (66) the information and communications technology (ict) sector another important sector which receives increasing attention. in 2018 the energy consumption of data centres in the eu was 76 ,8 twh. this is expected to rise to 98.5 twh by 2030 , a 28% increase. this increase in absolute terms can as well be seen in relative terms: within the eu , data centres accounted for 2 ,7% of electricity demand in 2018 and will reach 3 ,21% by 2030 if development continues on the current trajectory75 . europe’s digital strategy already highlighted the need for highly energy-efficient and sustainable data centres and calls for transparency measures for telecommunication operators on their environmental footprint. to promote sustainable development in the ict sector , particularly of data centres , member states should collect and publish data according to a european harmonised template , which is relevant for the energy performance and water footprint of data centres. member states should collect and publish aggregated data only about data centres with a significant footprint , for which appropriate design or efficiency interventions , for new or existing installations respectively , can result in a considerable reduction of the energy and water consumption or in the reuse of waste heat in nearby facilities and heat networks. a data centre sustainability indicator can be established on the basis of that data collected


### (68) lower consumer spending on energy should be achieved by assisting consumers in reducing their energy use by reducing the energy needs of buildings and improvements in the efficiency of appliances , which should be combined with the availability of low-energy transport modes integrated with public transport and cycling. member states should also consider improving connectivity in rural and remote areas. ### (68) lower consumer spending on energy should be achieved by assisting consumers in reducing their energy use by reducing the energy needs of buildings and improvements in the efficiency of appliances , which should , in places where viable , be combined with the availability of low-energy transport modes integrated with public transport and cycling. however , it must be acknowledged that reduced spending on energy is not helpful to households and individuals if spending in other areas , as a consequence , is increasing. member states should also consider improving connectivity in rural and remote areas.


### (68) lower consumer spending on energy should be achieved by assisting consumers in reducing their energy use by reducing the energy needs of buildings and improvements in the efficiency of appliances , which should be combined with the availability of low-energy transport modes integrated with public transport and cycling. member states should also consider improving connectivity in rural and remote areas. ### (68) lower consumer spending on energy should be achieved by assisting consumers in reducing their energy use by reducing the energy needs of buildings and improvements in the efficiency of appliances , which should be combined with the availability of low-energy transport modes integrated with public transport , pedestrian transport and cycling. member states should also consider improving connectivity in rural and remote areas.


### (69) it is crucial to raise the awareness of all union citizens about the benefits of increased energy efficiency and to provide them with accurate information on the ways in which it can be achieved. citizens of all ages should also be involved in the energy transition via the european climate pact and the conference on the future of europe. increased energy efficiency is also highly important for the security of energy supply of the union through lowering its dependence on import of fuels from third countries. ### (69) it is crucial to continue raising the awareness of all union citizens about the benefits of increased energy efficiency and to provide them with accurate information on the ways in which it can be achieved and the potential savings , whilst acknowledging that a number of existing ways for energy reduction are not viable for many households and individuals. citizens of all ages should also be involved in the energy transition via the european climate pact and the conference on the future of europe. increased energy efficiency is also highly important for the security of energy supply of the union through lowering its dependence on import of fuels from third countries.


### (69) it is crucial to raise the awareness of all union citizens about the benefits of increased energy efficiency and to provide them with accurate information on the ways in which it can be achieved. citizens of all ages should also be involved in the energy transition via the european climate pact and the conference on the future of europe. increased energy efficiency is also highly important for the security of energy supply of the union through lowering its dependence on import of fuels from third countries. ### (69) it is crucial to raise the awareness of all union citizens about the benefits of increased energy efficiency and to provide them with accurate and generally understandable information on the ways in which it can be achieved. citizens of all ages should also be involved in the energy transition via the european climate pact and the conference on the future of europe. increased energy efficiency is also highly important for the security of energy supply of the union through lowering its dependence on import of fuels from third countries.


### (70) the costs and benefits of all energy efficiency measures taken , including pay-back periods , should be made fully transparent to consumers. ### (70) the costs and benefits of all energy efficiency measures taken , including pay-back periods , should be made fully transparent and up-to-date , for example taking into account the expected trend in energy prices , to consumers.


### (73) it is necessary to provide for frequent and enhanced feedback on energy consumption where technically feasible and cost-efficient in view of the measurement devices in place. this directive clarifies that whether sub-metering is cost-efficient or not depends on whether the related costs are proportionate to the potential energy savings. the assessment of whether sub-metering is cost-efficient may take into account the effect of other concrete , planned measures in a given building , such as any forthcoming renovation. ### (73) where cost-efficient and technically feasible , it is necessary to provide for frequent and enhanced feedback on energy consumption in view of the measurement devices in place. this directive clarifies that whether sub-metering is cost-efficient or not depends on whether the related costs are proportionate to the potential energy savings. the assessment of whether sub-metering is cost-efficient may take into account the effect of other concrete , planned measures in a given building , such as any forthcoming renovation.


### (78) billing information and annual statements are an important means by which customers are informed of their energy consumption. data on consumption and costs can also convey other information that helps consumers to compare their current deal with other offers and to make use of complaint management and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. however , considering that bill-related disputes are a common source of consumer complaints and a factor which contributes to persistently low levels of consumer satisfaction and engagement with their energy providers , it is necessary to make bills simpler , clearer and easier to understand , while ensuring that separate instruments , such as billing information , information tools and annual statements , provide all the necessary information to enable consumers to regulate their energy consumption , compare offers and switch suppliers. ### (78) billing information and annual statements are an important means by which customers are informed of their energy consumption. data on consumption and costs can also convey other information that helps consumers to compare their current deal with other offers and to make use of complaint management and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. however , considering that bill-related disputes are a common source of consumer complaints and a factor which contributes to persistently low levels of consumer satisfaction and engagement with their energy providers , it is necessary to make bills simpler , clearer and easier to understand , while ensuring that separate instruments , such as billing information , information tools and annual statements , provide all the necessary information to enable consumers to regulate their energy consumption and assess how changes in their consumption behaviour may affect their energy consumption and thus their individual costs , compare offers and switch suppliers.


### (108) member states and regions should be encouraged to make full use of the european funds available in the mff and next generation eu including the recovery and resilience facility , the cohesion policy fund s , the rural development fund and the just transition fund , as well as the financial instruments and technical assistance available under investeu , to trigger private and public investments in energy efficiency improvement measures. investment in energy efficiency has the potential to contribute to economic growth , employment , innovation and a reduction in energy poverty in households , and therefore makes a positive contribution to economic , social and territorial cohesion and green recovery . potential areas for funding include energy efficiency measures in public buildings and housing , and providing new skills to promote employment in the energy efficiency sector. the commission will ensure synergies between the different funding instruments , in particular the funds in the shared management and in the direct management (like the centrally-managed programmes: horizon europe or life) , as well as between grants , loans and technical assistance to maximise their leverage effect on private financing and their impact on the achievement of energy efficiency policy objectives. ### (108) member states and regions should be encouraged to make full use of the european funds available in the mff and next generation eu including the recovery and resilience facility , the cohesion policy fund s , the rural development fund , the just transition fund and the social climate fund , as well as the financial instruments and technical assistance available under investeu , to trigger private and public investments in energy efficiency improvement measures. investment in energy efficiency has the potential to contribute to economic growth , employment , innovation and a reduction in energy poverty in households , and therefore makes a positive contribution to economic , social and territorial cohesion and green recovery . potential areas for funding include energy efficiency measures in public buildings and housing and the training , reskilling and upskilling of workers , in particular in jobs related to building renovation , to promote employment in the energy efficiency sector. the commission will ensure synergies between the different funding instruments , in particular the funds in the shared management and in the direct management (like the centrally-managed programmes: horizon europe or life) , as well as between grants , loans and technical assistance to maximise their leverage effect on private financing and their impact on the achievement of energy efficiency policy objectives.


### (108) member states and regions should be encouraged to make full use of the european funds available in the mff and next generation eu including the recovery and resilience facility , the cohesion policy fund s , the rural development fund and the just transition fund , as well as the financial instruments and technical assistance available under investeu , to trigger private and public investments in energy efficiency improvement measures. investment in energy efficiency has the potential to contribute to economic growth , employment , innovation and a reduction in energy poverty in households , and therefore makes a positive contribution to economic , social and territorial cohesion and green recovery . potential areas for funding include energy efficiency measures in public buildings and housing , and providing new skills to promote employment in the energy efficiency sector. the commission will ensure synergies between the different funding instruments , in particular the funds in the shared management and in the direct management (like the centrally-managed programmes: horizon europe or life) , as well as between grants , loans and technical assistance to maximise their leverage effect on private financing and their impact on the achievement of energy efficiency policy objectives. ### (108) member states , regions and cities should be encouraged to make full use of the european funds available in the mff and next generation eu including the recovery and resilience facility , the cohesion policy fund s , the rural development fund and the just transition fund , as well as the financial instruments and technical assistance available under investeu , to trigger private and public investments in energy efficiency improvement measures. investment in energy efficiency has the potential to contribute to economic growth , employment , innovation and a reduction in energy poverty in households , and therefore makes a positive contribution to economic , social and territorial cohesion and green recovery . potential areas for funding include energy efficiency measures in public buildings and housing , and the training , reskilling and upskilling of professionals , in particular in jobs related to building renovation to promote employment in the energy efficiency sector. the commission will ensure synergies between the different funding instruments , in particular the funds in the shared management and in the direct management (like the centrally-managed programmes: horizon europe or life) , as well as between grants , loans and technical assistance to maximise their leverage effect on private financing and their impact on the achievement of energy efficiency policy objectives.


### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion should not be counted. ### (123) renewable energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the demand for fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive .


### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion should not be counted. ### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive .


### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion should not be counted. ### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies , including hybrids , to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion should not be counted , unless the technology is ready for renewable and decarbonised energy sources , and hence is future proof.


### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion should not be counted. ### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive.


### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct fossil fuel combustion should not be counted. ### (123) energy generated on or in buildings from renewable energy technologies reduces the amount of energy supplied from fossil fuels. the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector are important measures to reduce the union's energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions , especially in view of ambitious climate and energy objectives set for 2030 as well as the global commitment made in the context of the paris agreement. for the purposes of their cumulative energy savings obligation member states may take into account energy savings from policy measures promoting renewable technologies to meet their energy savings requirements in accordance with the calculation methodology provided in this directive . energy savings from policy measures regarding the use of direct solid fossil fuel combustion should not be counted.


### 1. this directive establishes a common framework of measures to promote energy efficiency within the union in order to ensure that the union's target on energy efficiency is met and enables further energy efficiency improvements. ### 1. this directive establishes a common framework of measures to promote energy efficiency within the union in order to ensure that the union's target on energy efficiency is met and supports further energy efficiency improvements.


### this directive contributes to the implementation of the energy efficiency first principle , thus contributing to the union as an inclusive , fair and prosperous society with a modern , resource-efficient and competitive economy . ### without prejudice to other energy policy objectives , this directive contributes to the implementation of the energy efficiency first principle , thus contributing to the union as an inclusive , fair and prosperous society with a modern , resource-efficient and competitive economy.


### (3) `energy system´ means a system primarily designed to supply energy-services to satisfy the demand of end-use sectors for energy in the forms of heat , fuels , and electricity. ### (3) `energy system´ means a system primarily designed to supply energy-services to satisfy the demand of end-use sectors for energy in the forms of heat , cool , fuels , and electricity.


### (7) ‘energy savings’ means an amount of saved energy determined by measuring and/or estimating consumption before and after implementation of an energy efficiency improvement measure , whilst ensuring normalisation for external conditions that affect energy consumption; ### (7) ‘energy savings’ means an amount of saved energy determined by measuring and/or making a qualified estimate of consumption before and after implementation of an energy efficiency improvement measure , whilst ensuring normalisation for external conditions that affect energy consumption;


### 10. ‘public bodies’ means ‘contracting authorities’ as defined in directive 2014/24/eu of the european parliament and of the council90; ### 10. ‘public bodies’ means ‘contracting authorities’ as defined in directive 2014/24/eu of the european parliament and of the council90; the term ‘public bodies’ does not apply to bodies that operate under market conditions and sustain losses;


### (17) ‘obligated party’ means an energy distributor or retail energy sales company or transmission system operator that is bound by the national energy efficiency obligation schemes referred to in article 9; ### (17) ‘obligated party’ means an energy distributor or retail energy sales company that is bound by the national energy efficiency obligation schemes referred to in article 9;


### (22) ‘individual action’ means an action that leads to verifiable , and measurable or estimable , energy efficiency improvements and is undertaken as a result of a policy measure; ### (22) ‘individual action’ means an action that leads to verifiable , and measurable or predictable energy efficiency improvements and is undertaken as a result of a policy measure;


### (43) ‘efficient heating and cooling’ means a heating and cooling option that , compared to a baseline scenario reflecting a business-as-usual situation , measurably reduces the input of primary energy needed to supply one unit of delivered energy within a relevant system boundary in a cost-effective way , as assessed in the cost-benefit analysis referred to in this directive , taking into account the energy required for extraction , conversion , transport and distribution; ### (43) ‘efficient heating and cooling’ means a heating and cooling option that , compared to a baseline scenario reflecting a business-as-usual situation , measurably and to a not insignificant extent reduces the input of primary energy needed to supply one unit of delivered energy within a relevant system boundary in a cost-effective way , as assessed in the cost-benefit analysis referred to in this directive , taking into account the energy required for extraction , conversion , transport and distribution;


### (44) ‘efficient individual heating and cooling’ means an individual heating and cooling supply option that , compared to efficient district heating and cooling , measurably reduces the input of non-renewable primary energy needed to supply one unit of delivered energy within a relevant system boundary or requires the same input of non-renewable primary energy but at a lower cost , taking into account the energy required for extraction , conversion , transport and distribution; ### (44) ‘efficient individual heating and cooling’ means an individual heating and cooling supply option that , compared to efficient district heating and cooling , measurably and to a not insignificant extent reduces the input of non-renewable primary energy needed to supply one unit of delivered energy within a relevant system boundary or requires the same input of non-renewable primary energy but at a lower cost , taking into account the energy required for extraction , conversion , transport and distribution;


### (48) ‘energy poverty’ means a household’s lack of access to essential energy services that underpin a decent standard of living and health , including adequate warmth , cooling , lighting , and energy to power appliances , in the relevant national context , existing social policy and other relevant policies; ### (48) ‘energy poverty’ means poverty affecting households in the lowest income deciles whose energy costs exceed twice the median ratio between energy costs and disposable income after deduction of housing costs;


### the types of maintenance service offered; ### the types of maintenance service offered , where applicable;


### 4. suppliers shall offer final customers a wide choice of payment methods. such payment methods shall not unduly discriminate between customers. any difference in charges related to payment methods or prepayment systems shall be objective , non-discriminatory and proportionate and shall not exceed the direct costs borne by the payee for the use of a specific payment method or a prepayment system , in line with article 62 of directive (eu) 2015/2366 of the european parliament and of the council99 . ### 4. suppliers shall offer final customers the possibility to choose among different methods available. such payment methods shall not unduly discriminate between customers. any difference in charges related to payment methods or prepayment systems shall be objective , non-discriminatory and proportionate and shall not exceed the direct costs borne by the payee for the use of a specific payment method or a prepayment system , in line with article 62 of directive (eu) 2015/2366 of the european parliament and of the council99 .


### 7. final customers and final users shall have the right to a good standard of service and complaint handling by their suppliers. suppliers shall handle complaints in a simple , fair and prompt manner. ### 7. final customers and final users shall have the right to a good standard of service and complaint handling by their suppliers. suppliers shall handle complaints in a simple and fair manner , without undue delay.


### 1. member states shall ensure that information on available energy efficiency improvement measures , individual actions and financial and legal frameworks is transparent and widely disseminated to all relevant market actors , such as final customers , final users , , consumer organisations , civil society representatives , renewable energy communities , citizen energy communities , local and regional authorities , energy agencies , social service providers , builders , architects , engineers , environmental and energy auditors , and installers of building elements as defined in by article 2(9) of directive 2010/31/eu. ### 1. member states shall ensure that all information on available energy efficiency improvement measures , individual actions and financial and legal frameworks is transparent and widely disseminated to all relevant market actors , such as final customers , final users , consumer organisations , civil society representatives , renewable energy communities , citizen energy communities , local and regional authorities , energy agencies , social service providers , builders , architects , engineers , environmental and energy auditors , and installers of building elements as defined in by article 2(9) of directive 2010/31/eu.


### 2. member states shall take appropriate measures to promote and facilitate an efficient use of energy by final customers and final users . these measures shall be part of a national strategy such as the integrated national energy and climate plan in accordance with regulation (eu) 2018/1999 , or the long term renovation strategy as defined in directive 2010/31/eu . ### 2. member states shall take appropriate measures and incentives to promote and facilitate an efficient use of energy by final customers and final users . these measures shall be part of a national strategy such as the integrated national energy and climate plan in accordance with regulation (eu) 2018/1999 , or the long term renovation strategy as defined in directive 2010/31/eu .


### fiscal incentives; ### fiscal and tax incentives;


### c) where applicable , carry out early , forward-looking investments into energy efficiency improvement measures before distributional impacts from other policies and measures show effect; ### c) where applicable , carry out early , forward-looking investments into energy efficiency improvement measures before distributional impacts from other policies and measures show effect , while taking into account the eu's own goals for security of supply and affordability of energy;


### c) where applicable , carry out early , forward-looking investments into energy efficiency improvement measures before distributional impacts from other policies and measures show effect; ### c) where applicable , carry out early , forward-looking investments into energy efficiency improvement measures before distributional impacts from other policies and measures show effect while taking into account security of supply and affordability of energy aspects;


### be based on the information and data provided in the comprehensive assessments carried out pursuant to paragraph 1 and provide an estimate and mapping of the potential for increasing energy efficiency , including via waste heat recovery , and renewable energy in heating and cooling in that particular area; ### be based on the information and data provided in the comprehensive assessments carried out pursuant to paragraph 1 and provide an estimate and mapping of the potential for increasing energy efficiency , including via high-efficiency cogeneration , waste heat recovery , and renewable energy in heating and cooling in that particular area;


### member states shall ensure that the public is given the opportunity to participate the preparation of heating and cooling plans , the comprehensive assessment and the policies and measures. ### member states shall ensure that the public is given the opportunity from the initial phases to participate in the preparation of heating and cooling plans , the comprehensive assessment and the policies and measures.


### a. until 31 december 2025 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 75% cogenerated heat or 50% of a combination of such energy and heat; ### a. until 31 december 2029 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 75% cogenerated heat or 50% of a combination of such energy and heat going into the network;


### a. until 31 december 2025 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 75% cogenerated heat or 50% of a combination of such energy and heat; ### a. until 31 december 2029 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 75% cogenerated heat or 50% of a combination of such energy and heat;


### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%; ### deleted


### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%; ### b. from 1 january 2030 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%;


### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%; ### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or the total share of energy from carbon neutral sources going into the network is at least 50%;


### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%; ### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%;


### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%; ### b. from 1 january 2030 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%;


### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 80% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%; ### b. from 1 january 2026 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 75% of cogenerated heat or at least a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 5% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%;


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20% , 90% of high-efficiency cogenerated heat or a combination of such thermal energy going into the network where the share of renewable energy is at least 10% and the total share of renewable energy , waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat is at least 50%;


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20% or a system using at least 75% of high efficiency cogenerated heat and renewable energy , where the share of renewable energy is at least 10%;


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat;


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy , 50% waste heat , 90% high-efficiency chp heat , or a combination of these heat sources where at least 25% of the thermal energy fed in is renewable and the total share of renewable , waste heat , or high-efficiency chp is at least 50%.


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%;


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% carbon neutral energy sources or high-efficiency cogenerated heat;


### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 20%; ### c. from 1 january 2035 , a system using at least 50% renewable energy and waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat;


### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 40%; ### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat;


### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 40%; ### deleted


### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 40%; ### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 40%;


### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 40%; ### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % carbon neutral energy sources or high-efficiency cogenerated heat;


### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 40%; ### d. from 1 january 2045 , a system using at least 75 % renewable energy and waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat;


### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 60%. ### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only renewable energy and waste heat.


### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 60%. ### deleted


### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 60%. ### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only renewable energy and waste heat or high-efficiency cogenerated heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 60%.


### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only renewable energy and waste heat , where the share of renewable energy is at least 60%. ### e. from 1 january 2050 , a system using only carbon neutral energy sources or high-efficiency cogenerated heat;