### volunteering activities constitute a rich experience in a non - formal and informal learning context which enhances young people’s personal , socio - educational and professional development , active citizenship and employability . volunteering activities should not have an adverse effect on potential or existing paid employment , nor should they be seen as a substitute for it . the commission and the member states should cooperate regarding volunteering policies in the youth field via the open method of coordination . ### volunteering activities constitute a rich experience in a non - formal and informal learning context which enhances young people’s personal , socio - educational and professional development , active citizenship , exchanges of good practice , familiarisation with new development models and employability . volunteering activities should not have an adverse effect on potential or existing paid employment , nor should they be seen as a substitute for it . the commission and the member states should cooperate regarding volunteering policies in the youth field via the open method of coordination .


### volunteering activities constitute a rich experience in a non - formal and informal learning context which enhances young people’s personal , socio - educational and professional development , active citizenship and employability . volunteering activities should not have an adverse effect on potential or existing paid employment , nor should they be seen as a substitute for it . the commission and the member states should cooperate regarding volunteering policies in the youth field via the open method of coordination . ### volunteering activities constitute a rich experience in a non - formal and informal learning context which enhances young people’s personal , socio - educational and professional development , active citizenship and employability and their access to the labour market . volunteering activities should not have an adverse effect on potential or existing paid employment , nor should they be seen as a substitute for it . the commission and the member states should cooperate regarding volunteering policies in the youth field via the open method of coordination .


### young people’s spirit of initiative is an important asset for society and for the labour market . the european solidarity corps contributes to fostering this aspect by offering young people the opportunity to devise and implement their own projects aimed at addressing specific challenges to the benefit of their local communities . these projects are an opportunity to try out ideas and support young people to be themselves drivers of solidarity actions . they also serve as a springboard for further engagement in solidarity activities and are a first step towards encouraging european solidarity corps participants to engage in self - employment or setting up associations , non - governmental organisations or other bodies active in the solidarity , non - profit and youth sectors . ### young people’s spirit of initiative is an important asset for society and for the labour market . the european solidarity corps contributes to fostering this aspect by offering young people the opportunity to devise and implement their own projects aimed at addressing specific challenges to the benefit of their local communities , taking account of specific local , regional and cross - border factors where necessary . these projects are an opportunity to try out ideas and support young people to be themselves drivers of solidarity actions . they also serve as a springboard for further engagement in solidarity activities and are a first step towards encouraging european solidarity corps participants to engage in self - employment or setting up associations , non - governmental organisations or other bodies active in the solidarity , non - profit and youth sectors .


### the scaling - up of european solidarity corps projects should be facilitated . specific measures should be put in place to help promoters of european solidarity corps projects to apply for grants or develop synergies through the support of the european structural and investment funds and the programmes relating to migration , security , justice and citizenship , health and culture . ### the scaling - up of european solidarity corps projects should be facilitated . at the same time , accurate and continually updated information regarding these opportunities must be provided for potential beneficiaries , irrespective of their - urban or rural - origins . specific measures should be put in place to help promoters of european solidarity corps projects to apply for grants or develop synergies through the support of the european structural and investment funds and the programmes relating to migration , security , justice and citizenship , health and culture


### the commission shall implement information and communication actions relating to the programme , and its actions and results . financial resources allocated to the programme shall also contribute to the corporate communication of the political priorities of the union , as far as they are related to the objectives referred to in article 3 . ### the commission shall implement information and communication actions relating to the programme , its target public , its duration and its actions and results . financial resources allocated to the programme shall also contribute to the corporate communication of the political priorities of the union , as far as they are related to the objectives referred to in article 3 .


### the treaty of lisbon introduced a distinction between the powers delegated to the commission to adopt non - legislative acts of general application to supplement or amend certain non - essential elements of a legislative act , and the powers conferred upon the commission to adopt acts to ensure uniform conditions for implementing legally binding union acts . ### the treaty of lisbon has substantially modified the legal framework provisions governing the powers conferred on the commission by the legislature , introducing a distinction between powers delegated to the commission to adopt non - legislative acts of general application to supplement or amend certain non - essential elements of a legislative act , and the powers conferred upon the commission to adopt acts to ensure uniform conditions for implementing legally binding union acts .


### regulation of the european parliament and of the council on the access of third - country goods and services to the union’s internal market in public procurement and procedures supporting negotiations on access of union goods and services to the public procurement markets of third countries ### regulation of the european parliament and of the council on the access of third - country goods and services to the union’s internal market in public procurement and concessions and procedures supporting negotiations on access of union goods and services to the public procurement and concessions markets of third countries


### many third countries are reluctant to open their public procurement and their concessions markets to international competition , or to open those markets further than what they have already done . as a result , union economic operators face restrictive procurement practices in many of the trading partner of the union . those restrictive procurement practices result in the loss of substantial trading opportunities . ### many third countries are reluctant to open their public procurement and their concessions markets to international competition , or to open those markets further than what they have already done . as a result , union economic operators face restrictive procurement and concessions practices in many of the trading partner of the union . those restrictive procurement practices result in the loss of substantial trading opportunities .


### when assessing whether restrictive and / or discriminatory procurement measures or practices exist in a third country , the commission should examine to what degree laws on public procurement and concessions of the country concerned ensure transparency in line with international standards in the field of public procurement and preclude any discrimination against union goods , services and economic operators . in addition , it should examine to what degree individual contracting authorities or contracting entities maintain or adopt discriminatory practices against union goods , services and economic operators . ### when assessing whether restrictive and / or discriminatory procurement measures or practices exist in a third country , the commission should examine to what degree the laws on public procurement and concessions of the country concerned ensure transparency in line with international standards in the field of public procurement and concessions and preclude any discrimination against union goods , services and economic operators . in addition , it should examine to what degree individual contracting authorities or contracting entities maintain or adopt discriminatory practices against union goods , services and economic operators .


### in view of the fact that the access of third country goods and services to the public procurement market of the union falls within the scope of the common commercial policy , member states and their contracting authorities and contracting entities should not be able to restrict the access of third country goods or services to their tendering procedures by any other measure than those provided for in this regulation . ### in view of the fact that the access of third country goods and services to the public procurement and concession market of the union falls within the scope of the common commercial policy , member states and their contracting authorities and contracting entities should not be able to restrict the access of third country goods or services to their tendering procedures by any other measure than those provided for in this regulation .


### by 31 december 2018 and at least every three years thereafter , the commission shall submit a report to the european parliament and the council on the application of this regulation and on progress made in international negotiations regarding access for union economic operators to public contract or concession award procedures in third countries undertaken under this regulation . to this effect , member states shall upon request provide the commission with appropriate information . ### one year after entry into force of this regulation and thereafter at least every three years thereafter , the commission shall submit a report to the european parliament and the council on the application of this regulation and on progress made in international negotiations regarding access for union economic operators to public contract or concession award procedures in third countries undertaken under this regulation . to this effect , member states shall upon request provide the commission with appropriate information .


### member states should issue certificates of qualification only to persons that have the minimum levels of competence , the minimum age , the minimum medical fitness and the navigation time required for obtaining a specific qualification . ### member states should issue certificates of qualification only to persons that have the minimum levels of competence , the minimum age , the minimum medical fitness , the minimum education and training and the navigation time required for obtaining a specific qualification .


### training programmes leading to diplomas or certificates demonstrating compliance with the standards of competence referred to in article 15 shall be approved by the competent authorities of the member states in whose territory the relevant education or training institute is established . ### training programmes leading to diplomas or certificates demonstrating compliance with the standards of competence referred to in article 15 shall be approved by the competent authorities of the member states in whose territory the competent institute provides education or training .


### the union is party to the united nations’ convention on the rights of people with disabilities . the provisions of that convention are thus , from the time of its entry into force , an integral part of the european union legal order and union legislation must as far as possible be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the convention . the convention provides , among other things , in its article 7 that parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure the full enjoyment by children with disabilities of all human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with other children . ### the union and all eu member states are parties to the united nations’ convention on the rights of people with disabilities . the convention underlines the conviction that the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state , and that persons with disabilities and their family members should receive the necessary protection and assistance to enable families to contribute towards the full and equal enjoyment of the rights of persons with disabilities . the provisions of that convention are an integral part of the european union legal order and union legislation must as far as possible be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the convention . the convention provides , among other things , in its article 7 that parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure the full enjoyment by children with disabilities of all human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with other children .


### work - life balance remains however a considerable challenge for many parents and workers with caring responsibilities , with a negative impact on female employment . a major factor contributing to the underrepresentation of women in the labour market is the difficulty of balancing work and family obligations . when they have children , women tend to work less hours in paid employment and spend more time fulfilling unpaid care responsibilities . having an ill or dependent relative has also been shown to have a negative impact on female employment , leading some women to drop out of the labour market entirely . ### reconciliation of family and professional life remains however a considerable challenge for many parents and workers with caring responsibilities , with a negative impact on female employment . a major factor contributing to the underrepresentation of women in the labour market is the difficulty of balancing family and work responsibilities . when they have children , women tend to work less hours in paid employment and spend more time fulfilling unpaid care responsibilities . having an ill or dependent relative has also been shown to have a negative impact on female employment , leading some women to drop out of the labour market entirely .


### the current union legal framework provides limited incentives for men to assume an equal share of caring responsibilities . lack of paid paternity and parental leave in many member states contributes to the low take - up of such leave by fathers . the imbalance in the design of work - life balance policies between women and men reinforces gender differences between work and care . conversely , use of work - life balance arrangements by fathers , such as leave or flexible working arrangements , has been shown to have a positive impact in reducing the relative amount of unpaid family work undertaken by women and leaving them more time for paid employment . ### the current union legal framework provides limited incentives for men to assume an equal share of caring responsibilities . lack of paid paternity and parental leave in many member states contributes to the low take - up of such leave by fathers . the imbalance in the design of work - life balance policies between women and men reinforces differences between women and men across work and care . conversely , use of work - life balance arrangements by fathers , such as leave or flexible working arrangements , has been shown to have a positive impact in reducing the relative amount of unpaid family work undertaken by women and leaving them more time for paid employment . the directive fully respects the freedom and preferences of individuals and families to organise their lives and does not impose on them any obligation to use the benefit of its provisions .


### the current union legal framework provides limited incentives for men to assume an equal share of caring responsibilities . lack of paid paternity and parental leave in many member states contributes to the low take - up of such leave by fathers . the imbalance in the design of work - life balance policies between women and men reinforces gender differences between work and care . conversely , use of work - life balance arrangements by fathers , such as leave or flexible working arrangements , has been shown to have a positive impact in reducing the relative amount of unpaid family work undertaken by women and leaving them more time for paid employment . ### the current union legal framework provides limited incentives for men to assume an equal share of caring responsibilities . lack of paid paternity and parental leave in many member states contributes to the low take - up of such leave by fathers . the imbalance in the design of work - life balance policies between women and men reinforces gender differences between work and care . conversely , use of work - life balance arrangements by fathers , such as leave or flexible working arrangements , has been shown to have a positive impact in reducing the relative amount of unpaid family work undertaken by women and leaving them more time for paid employment . furthermore , the availability of quality , accessible , and affordable infrastructure for the care of children and other dependants has proven to be a crucial factor for work - life balance policies that facilitate the rapid return of new mothers to , and an increasing participation of women on , the labour market .


### in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law . ### in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers or an equivalent second parent as defined in national law to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law .


### in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law . ### in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the possibility of paternity leave for fathers , to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child , should be introduced . as regards the right to paternity leave , marital or family status as defined in national law should be taken into consideration .


### text proposed by the commission in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law . ### amendment in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers to be taken within the first year of a child’s life , preferably on the occasion of the birth or adoption of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law . in order to deter potential abuse , the member states should be able to introduce a requirement of a minimum period of service before a worker is entitled to benefit from that right , with a maximum duration of one year .


### in order to provide greater possibility for parents to use parental leave as their children grow up , the right to parental leave should be granted until the child is at least twelve years old . member states should be able to specify the period of notice to be given by the worker to the employer when applying for parental leave and to decide whether the right to parental leave may be subject to a certain period of service . in view of the growing diversity of contractual arrangements , the sum of successive fixed - term contracts with the same employer should be taken into account for the purpose of calculating the period of service . to balance the needs of workers with those of employers , member states should also be able to decide whether they define if the employer may be allowed to postpone the granting of parental leave under certain circumstances . in such cases , the employer should provide justification for the postponement . given that flexibility makes it more likely that second parents , in particular fathers , will take up their entitlement to such leave , workers should be able to request to take parental leave on a full - time or part - time basis or in other flexible forms . it should be up to the employer whether or not to accept such a request for parental leave in other flexible forms than full - time . member states should also assess if the conditions and detailed arrangements of parental leave should be adapted to the specific needs of parents in particularly disadvantaged situations . ### in order to provide greater possibility for parents to use parental leave as their children grow up , the right to parental leave should be granted until the child is at least twelve years old . member states should be able to specify the period of notice to be given by the worker to the employer when applying for parental leave and to decide whether the right to parental leave may be subject to a certain period of service . in view of the growing diversity of contractual arrangements , the sum of successive fixed - term contracts with the same employer should be taken into account for the purpose of calculating the period of service . to balance the needs of workers with those of employers , member states should also be able to decide whether the employer may be allowed to postpone the granting of parental leave under certain circumstances . in such cases , the employer should provide justification for the postponement . given that flexibility makes it more likely that second parents , in particular fathers , will take up their entitlement to such leave , workers should be able to request to take parental leave on a full - time or part - time basis or in other flexible forms . it should be up to the employer whether or not to accept such a request for parental leave in flexible forms other than full time . member states should also assess if the conditions and detailed arrangements of parental leave should be adapted to the specific needs of parents in particularly disadvantaged situations . member states should , in addition , be permitted to impose certain restrictions , for instance as regards the frequency of applications , minimum periods of validity for changes to working arrangements , and the number of periods in which parental leave may be taken .


### in order to encourage working parents and carers to remain in the work force , those workers should be able to adapt their working schedules to their personal needs and preferences . working parents and carers should therefore be able to request flexible working arrangements , meaning the possibility for workers to adjust their working patterns , including through the use of remote working arrangements , flexible working schedules , or a reduction in working hours , for caring purposes . in order to address the needs of workers and employers , it should be possible for member states to limit the duration of flexible working arrangements , including a reduction in working hours . while working part - time has been shown to be useful in allowing some women to remain in the labour market after having children , long periods of reduced working hours may lead to lower social security contributions translating into reduced or non - existing pension entitlements . the ultimate decision as to whether or not to accept a worker’s request for flexible working arrangements should lie with the employer , specific circumstances underlying the need for flexible working arrangements can change . workers should therefore not only have the right to return to their original working patterns at the end of a given agreed period , but should also be able to request to do so at any time where a change in the underlying circumstances so requires . ### in order to encourage working parents and carers to remain in the workforce , those workers should be able to adapt their working schedules to their personal needs and preferences . working parents and carers should therefore be able to request flexible working arrangements , meaning the possibility for workers to adjust their working patterns , including , where possible and appropriate , through the use of remote working arrangements , flexible working schedules , or a reduction in working hours , for caring purposes . in order to address the needs of workers and employers , it should be possible for member states to limit the duration of flexible working arrangements , including a reduction in working hours . while working part - time has been shown to be useful in allowing some women to remain in the labour market after having children , long periods of reduced working hours may lead to lower social security contributions translating into reduced or non - existing pension entitlements . the ultimate decision as to whether or not to accept a worker’s request for flexible working arrangements should lie with the employer . specific circumstances underlying the need for flexible working arrangements can change . workers should therefore not only have the right to return to their original working patterns at the end of a given agreed period , but should also be able to request to do so at any time where a change in the underlying circumstances so requires .


### in order to encourage working parents and carers to remain in the work force , those workers should be able to adapt their working schedules to their personal needs and preferences . working parents and carers should therefore be able to request flexible working arrangements , meaning the possibility for workers to adjust their working patterns , including through the use of remote working arrangements , flexible working schedules , or a reduction in working hours , for caring purposes . in order to address the needs of workers and employers , it should be possible for member states to limit the duration of flexible working arrangements , including a reduction in working hours . while working part - time has been shown to be useful in allowing some women to remain in the labour market after having children , long periods of reduced working hours may lead to lower social security contributions translating into reduced or non - existing pension entitlements . the ultimate decision as to whether or not to accept a worker’s request for flexible working arrangements should lie with the employer , specific circumstances underlying the need for flexible working arrangements can change . workers should therefore not only have the right to return to their original working patterns at the end of a given agreed period , but should also be able to request to do so at any time where a change in the underlying circumstances so requires . ### in order to encourage working parents and carers to remain in the work force , those workers should have the right to adapt their working schedules to their personal needs and preferences . working parents and carers should therefore be able to request flexible working arrangements , meaning the possibility for workers to adjust their working patterns , including through the use of remote working arrangements , flexible working schedules , or a reduction in working hours , for caring purposes . in order to address the needs of workers and employers , it should be possible for member states to limit the duration of flexible working arrangements , including a reduction in working hours . while working part - time has been shown to be useful in allowing some women to remain in the labour market after having children , long periods of reduced working hours may lead to lower social security contributions translating into reduced or non - existing pension entitlements . the ultimate decision as to whether or not to accept a worker’s request for flexible working arrangements should lie with the employer , specific circumstances underlying the need for flexible working arrangements can change . workers should therefore not only have the right to return to their original working patterns at the end of a given agreed period , but should also be able to request to do so at any time where a change in the underlying circumstances so requires .


### leave arrangements are intended to support working parents and carers during a specific period of time , and are aimed at maintaining and promoting their continued attachment to the labour market . it is therefore appropriate to make express provision for the protection of the employment rights of workers taking leave covered by this directive and in particular their right to return to the same or an equivalent post , and not to suffer any detriment in their terms and conditions as a result of their absence . workers should retain their entitlement to relevant rights already acquired , or in the process of being acquired , until the end of such leave . ### leave arrangements are intended to support working parents and carers during a specific period of time , and are aimed at maintaining and promoting their continued attachment to the labour market . it is therefore appropriate to make express provision for the protection of the employment rights of workers taking leave covered by this directive and in particular their right to return to the same or an equivalent post , and not to suffer any detriment in their terms and conditions as a result of their absence . workers should retain their entitlement to relevant rights already acquired , or in the process of being acquired , until the end of such leave . equally important is the goal of leave arrangements to ensure that working parents maintain quality of family life , by taking care of their children , carrying out their responsibilities , including their primary educational role especially during early childhood , in the best possible way and by spending quality time with their children . an ineffective reconciliation of family and professional life can also have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of children and parents .


### leave arrangements are intended to support working parents and carers during a specific period of time , and are aimed at maintaining and promoting their continued attachment to the labour market . it is therefore appropriate to make express provision for the protection of the employment rights of workers taking leave covered by this directive and in particular their right to return to the same or an equivalent post , and not to suffer any detriment in their terms and conditions as a result of their absence . workers should retain their entitlement to relevant rights already acquired , or in the process of being acquired , until the end of such leave . ### leave arrangements are intended to support working parents and carers during a specific period of time , and are aimed at maintaining and promoting their continued attachment to the labour market . it is therefore appropriate to make express provision for the protection of the employment rights of workers taking leave covered by this directive and in particular their right to return to the same or an equivalent post , and not to suffer any detriment in their terms and conditions as a result of their absence . workers should retain their entitlement to relevant rights already acquired , or in the process of being acquired , until the end of such leave . equally important is the goal of leave arrangements to ensure that working parents maintain quality of family life , by taking care of their children , carrying out their responsibilities , including their primary educational role , in the best possible way and by spending quality time with their children . an ineffective reconciliation of family and professional life can also have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of parents .


### text proposed by the commission workers exercising their rights to leave or to request flexible working arrangements should be protected against discrimination or any less favourable treatment on that ground . ### amendment workers exercising their rights to leave or to request flexible working arrangements should be protected against discrimination or any less favourable treatment on that ground . at the same time , in order to ensure balance between the interests of employers and workers , member states should ensure that employers are protected against any abuse of such rights and detrimental effects for the functioning of companies , taking into account in particular the constraints of micro , small and medium - sized businesses .


### workers exercising their rights to take leave or to request flexible working arrangements provided for in this directive should enjoy protection from dismissal and any preparations for a possible dismissal on the grounds that they applied for , or have taken such leave or have exercised the right to request such flexible working arrangements . where workers consider that they have been dismissed on those grounds , they should be able to ask the employer to provide duly substantiated grounds for the dismissal . ### workers exercising their rights to take leave or to request flexible working arrangements provided for in this directive should enjoy protection from dismissal and any preparations for a possible dismissal on the grounds that they applied for , or have taken , such leave or have exercised the right to request such flexible working arrangements .


### member states should provide for effective , proportionate and dissuasive penalties in the event of breaches of national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive or the relevant provisions already in force concerning the rights which are within the scope of this directive . the effective implementation of the principle of equal treatment requires adequate judicial protection of workers against adverse treatment or adverse consequences resulting from a complaint or proceeding relating to the rights under this directive . victims may be deterred from exercising their rights on account of the risk of retaliation and therefore should be protected from any adverse treatment where they exercise their rights provided for by this directive . such protection is particularly relevant as regards workers’ representatives in the exercise of their function . ### member states may provide for effective , proportionate and dissuasive penalties in the event of breaches of national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive or the relevant provisions already in force concerning the rights which are within the scope of this directive . the effective implementation of the principle of equal treatment requires adequate judicial protection of workers against adverse treatment or adverse consequences resulting from a complaint or proceeding relating to the rights under this directive . victims may be deterred from exercising their rights on account of the risk of retaliation and therefore should be protected from any adverse treatment where they exercise their rights provided for by this directive . such protection is particularly relevant as regards workers’ representatives in the exercise of their function .


### this directive lays down minimum requirements , thus giving the member states the option of introducing or maintaining more favourable provisions . rights acquired under the existing legal framework should continue to apply , unless more favourable provisions are introduced by this directive . the implementation of this directive cannot be used to reduce existing rights set out in existing union legislation in this field nor can it constitute valid grounds for reducing the general level of protection afforded to workers in the field covered by this directive . ### this directive lays down minimum requirements , thus giving the member states the option of introducing or maintaining more favourable provisions . rights acquired under the existing legal framework should continue to apply , unless more favourable provisions are introduced by this directive . the implementation of this directive cannot be used to reduce existing rights set out in existing union legislation in this field nor can it constitute valid grounds for reducing the general level of protection afforded to workers in the field covered by this directive . the directive should be reviewed and kept up - to - date in a timely manner to further advance the health and safety of workers , and equal treatment and opportunities in the labour market , through measures such as increasing the right to parental leave to at least 20 weeks .


### this directive applies to all workers , men and women , who have an employment contract or employment relationship . ### this directive applies to all workers , irrespective of gender , who have an employment contract or employment relationship as defined by law , collective agreement and / or practices in force in each member state .


### this directive applies to all workers , men and women , who have an employment contract or employment relationship . ### this directive applies to all workers , men and women , who have an employment contract or employment relationship , full - time or part - time , including those who are self - employed or have an atypical contract .


### this directive applies to all workers , men and women , who have an employment contract or employment relationship . ### this directive applies to all workers , men and women , who have an employment contract or employment relationship as defined by law , collective agreement and / or practices in force in each member state .


### ' paternity leave ' means leave from work for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child ; ### ' paternity leave ' means paid leave from work for fathers on the grounds of the birth or adoption of a child , to be taken within the first year , of the child ' s life , preferably on the occasion of the birth or adoption of a child ;


### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that fathers have the right to take paternity leave of at least ten working days on the occasion of the birth of a child . ### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that fathers or the equivalent second parents as defined in national law have the right to take paternity leave of at least ten working days on the occasion of the birth , stillbirth or adoption of a child .


### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that fathers have the right to take paternity leave of at least ten working days on the occasion of the birth of a child . ### member states may provide that fathers are entitled to paternity leave of , where possible , not less than ten days on the occasion of the birth of a child .


### in accordance with national circumstances , such as national law , collective agreements and / or practice , and taking into account the powers delegated to social partners , member states shall ensure that workers exercising the rights to leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 will receive a payment or an adequate allowance at least equivalent to what the worker concerned would receive in case of sick leave . ### in accordance with national circumstances , such as national law , collective agreements and / or practice , and taking into account the powers delegated to social partners , member states shall ensure that workers exercising the rights to leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 will receive the following payment or adequate allowance : for the minimum period of paternity leave as referred to in article 4 , a payment or adequate allowance at least equivalent to what the worker concerned would receive in case of sick leave for the minimum period of parental leave as referred to in article 5 and carers´ leave as referred to in article 6 , a payment or allowance which shall represent at least 60% of the worker´s gross wage .


### employers shall consider and respond to requests for flexible working arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 , taking into account the needs of both employers and workers . employers shall justify any refusal of such a request . ### employers shall consider and respond to requests for flexible working arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 , taking into account the needs of both employers and workers . employers shall justify any refusal of such a request in writing .


### member states shall take the necessary measures to prohibit less favourable treatment of workers on the ground that they have applied for , or have taken , leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 , or on the ground that they have exercised their right to flexible working arrangements referred to in article 9 . ### member states shall take the necessary measures to prohibit less favourable treatment of workers on the ground that they have applied for , or have taken , leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 , or on the ground that they have exercised their right to flexible working arrangements referred to in article 9 . these shall include , in line with national law , the prohibition of dismissal and all preparations for dismissal of workers , on the grounds that they have applied for , or have taken , leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 , or have exercised the right to request flexible working arrangements referred to in article 9 .


### member states shall lay down rules on penalties applicable to breaches of national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive or the relevant provisions already in force concerning the rights which are within the scope of this directive . member states shall take all measures necessary to ensure that those penalties are applied . penalties shall be effective , proportionate and dissuasive . they may take the form of a fine . they may also comprise payment of compensation . ### member states may lay down rules on penalties applicable to breaches of national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive or the relevant provisions already in force concerning the rights which are within the scope of this directive .


### member states may introduce or maintain provisions that are more favourable to workers than those laid down in this directive . they shall however ensure that at least four months of parental leave remain non - transferable in accordance with article 5 . ### member states may introduce or maintain provisions that are more favourable to workers than those laid down in this directive , provided that such provisions are not excessively burdensome for employers , especially small and middle sized enterprises . they shall however ensure that at least one month of parental leave remains non - transferable in accordance with article 5 .


### member states shall ensure that the provisions adopted pursuant to this directive , together with the relevant provisions already in force relating to the subject matter as set out in article 1 of this directive , are brought by all appropriate means to the attention of the persons concerned throughout their territory . ### member states shall ensure that the provisions adopted pursuant to this directive , together with the relevant provisions already in force relating to the subject matter as set out in article 1 of this directive , are brought by all appropriate means to the attention of workers and undertakings , especially micro , small and medium - sized undertakings , concerned throughout their territory , including through the single digital gateway .


### on the basis of the information provided by member states pursuant to paragraph 1 , the commission shall submit to the european parliament and the council a report in which it reviews the application of this directive , accompanied , if appropriate , by a legislative proposal . ### on the basis of the information provided by member states pursuant to paragraph 1 , the commission shall submit to the european parliament and the council a report in which it reviews the application of this directive , including data , disaggregated by sex and sexual orientation , on the take - up of different types of leave contained in this directive and its impact on micro , small and medium - sized undertakings , accompanied , if appropriate , by a legislative proposal .


### on the basis of the information provided by member states pursuant to paragraph 1 , the commission shall submit to the european parliament and the council a report in which it reviews the application of this directive , accompanied , if appropriate , by a legislative proposal . ### on the basis of the information provided by member states pursuant to paragraph 1 , the commission shall submit to the european parliament and the council a report in which it reviews the application of this directive , including data , disaggregated by sex , on the take - up of different types of leave contained in this directive and its impact on micro , small and medium - sized undertakings , accompanied , if appropriate , by a legislative proposal .


### directive 2008 / 106 / ec also contains a centralised mechanism for the recognition of seafarers ' certificates issued by third countries . the regulatory fitness programme evaluation14 showed that significant cost savings for the member states were achieved since the introduction of the centralised mechanism . however , the evaluation also revealed that , with regard to some of the recognised third countries , only a very limited number of seafarers was subsequently employed in union vessels . therefore , in order to use the available human and financial resources in a more efficient way , the procedure for the recognition of third countries should be based on an analysis of the need for such recognition , including an estimation of the number of masters and officers originating from that country who are likely to be employed in union vessels . __________________ 14 swd19 . ### directive 2008 / 106 / ec also contains a centralised mechanism for the recognition of seafarers ' certificates issued by third countries . the regulatory fitness programme evaluation14 showed that significant cost savings for the member states were achieved since the introduction of the centralised mechanism . however , the evaluation also revealed that , with regard to some of the recognised third countries , only a very limited number of endorsements attesting to the recognition of certificates were issued by member states in relation to certificates of competency or certificates of proficiency issued by these third countries . __________________ 14 swd19 .


### information on the seafarers employed from third countries has become available at union level through the communication by the member states of the relevant information kept in their national registers regarding issued certificates and endorsements . this information should be used not only for statistical and policy making purposes but also for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the centralised system recognising third countries . based on the information communicated by the member states , recognised third countries which have not provided the union fleet with seafarers for a period of at least five years shall be withdrawn from the list of recognised third countries . in addition , this information shall be also used in order to prioritise the reassessment of the recognised third countries . ### information on the seafarers employed from third countries has become available at union level through the communication by the member states of the relevant information kept in their national registers regarding issued certificates and endorsements . this information should be used not only for statistical and policy making purposes but also for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the centralised system recognising third countries . based on the information communicated by the member states , the recognition of third countries which have not provided the union fleet with seafarers for a period of at least ten years should be re - examined . the re - examination process should cover the possibility of retaining or withdrawing the recognition of the relevant third country , in accordance with the examination procedure . in addition , this information shall be also used in order to prioritise the reassessment of the recognised third countries .


### to meet the standards of medical fitness prescribed by article 11 ; and ### to meet the standards of medical fitness prescribed by article 11 , physical as well mental ; and


### if there are no endorsements attesting recognition issued by a member state in relation to certificates of competency or certificates of proficiency , referred to in paragraph 1 of article 19 , issued by a third country for a period of more than 5 years , the recognition of that country ' s certificates shall be withdrawn . to this end , the commission shall adopt implementing decisions , in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 28 , after notifying the member states as well as the third country concerned at least two months in advance . ### if there are no endorsements attesting recognition issued by a member state in relation to certificates of competency or certificates of proficiency , referred to in article 19 , issued by a third country for a period of more than 7 years , the recognition of that country ' s certificates shall be re - examined in consultation with the member states and the relevant stakeholders . to this end following the abovementioned re - examination procedure , the commission shall adopt implementing decisions , in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 28 , after notifying the member states as well as the third country concerned at least two months in advance


### in order to support the harmonious development of the union ' s territory at different levels , the erdf should support cross - border cooperation , transnational cooperation , maritime cooperation , outermost regions’ cooperation and interregional cooperation under the european territorial cooperation goal . ### in order to foster prosperity and support the harmonious development of the union ' s territory at different levels , the erdf should support cross - border cooperation , transnational cooperation , maritime cooperation , outermost regions’ cooperation and interregional cooperation under the european territorial cooperation goal .


### internal cross - border cooperation between adjacent land border regions of two or more member states or between adjacent land border regions of at least one member state and one or more third countries listed in article 4 ; or ### internal cross - border cooperation between adjacent land and maritime border regions of two or more member states or between adjacent land and maritime border regions of at least one member state and one or more third countries listed in article 4 ; or


### external cross - border cooperation , between adjacent land border regions of at least one member state and of one or more of the following : ### external cross - border cooperation , between adjacent land and maritime border regions of at least one member state and of one or more of the following :


### regulation no 231 / 201414 expires on 31 december 2020 . in order to maintain the union ' s effectiveness in external actions , a framework for planning and delivering external assistance should be maintained . _________________ 14 regulation no 231 / 2014 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 march 2014 establishing an instrument for pre - accession assistance . ### regulation no 231 / 201414 expires on 31 december 2020 . in order to maintain the effectiveness of the union ' s enlargement policy , it should continue to be supported by a specific funding instrument for financing external action . _________________ 14 regulation no 231 / 2014 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 march 2014 establishing an instrument for pre - accession assistance .


### article 49 of the treaty on european union provides that any european state which respects the values of respect for human dignity , freedom , democracy , equality , the rule of law and respect for human rights , including the rights of persons belonging to minorities , and commits to promote these values , may apply to become a member of the union . a european state which has applied to join the union can become a member only when it has been confirmed that it meets the membership criteria established at the copenhagen european council in june 1993 and provided that the union has the capacity to integrate the new member . the copenhagen criteria relate to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities , the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the union , and the ability to assume not only the rights but also the obligations under the treaties , including adherence to the aims of political , economic and monetary union . ### article 49 of the treaty on european union provides that any european state which respects the values of respect for human dignity , freedom , democracy , equality , the rule of law and respect for human rights , including the rights of persons belonging to minorities , and commits to promote these values , may apply to become a member of the union . a european state which has applied to join the union can become a member only when it has been confirmed that it fully meets the membership criteria established at the copenhagen european council in june 1993 and provided that the union has the capacity to integrate the new member . the copenhagen criteria relate to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities , the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the union , and the ability to assume not only the rights but also the obligations under the treaties , including adherence to the aims of political , economic and monetary union .


### the enlargement policy of the union is an investment in peace , security and stability in europe . it provides increased economic and trade opportunities to the mutual benefit of the union and the aspiring member states . the prospect of union membership has a powerful transformative effect , embedding positive democratic , political , economic and societal change . ### the enlargement policy of the union is an investment in peace , security , stability and prosperity in europe . it provides increased economic and trade opportunities to the mutual benefit of the union and the aspiring member states . the prospect of union membership can have a powerful transformative effect , embedding positive democratic , political , economic and societal change . this potential should be tapped into to the highest possible degree .


### the union should provide support to the transition towards accession for the benefit of the beneficiaries listed in annex i , based on the experience of its member states . this cooperation should focus in particular on the sharing of experience acquired by the member states in the reform process . ### the union should provide support to the transition towards accession for the benefit of the beneficiaries listed in annex i , based on the experience of its member states and its own institutions and bodies . this cooperation should focus in particular on the sharing of experience acquired by the member states in the reform process .


### the priorities for action towards meeting objectives in the relevant policy areas which will be supported under this regulation should be defined in a programming framework established by the commission for the duration of the union multiannual financial framework for the period from 2021 to 2027 in partnership with the beneficiaries listed in annex i , based on the enlargement agenda and their specific needs , in line with the general and specific objectives defined by this regulation and taking relevant national strategies into due account . the programming framework should identify the areas to be supported through assistance with an indicative allocation per area of support , including an estimate of climate - related expenditure . ### the priorities for action towards meeting objectives in the relevant policy areas which will be supported under this regulation should be defined in a programming framework established by the commission for the duration of the union multiannual financial framework for the period from 2021 to 2027 in partnership with the beneficiaries listed in annex i , based on the enlargement agenda and their specific needs , in line with the general and specific objectives defined by this regulation and taking relevant national strategies and resolutions of the european parliament into due account . the programming framework should identify the areas to be supported through assistance with an indicative allocation per area of support , including an estimate of climate - related expenditure .


### it is in the union ' s interest to assist the beneficiaries listed in annex i in their efforts to reform with a view to union membership . assistance should be managed with a strong focus on results and with incentives for those who demonstrate their commitment to reform through efficient implementation of pre - accession assistance and progress towards meeting the membership criteria . ### it is in the common interest of the union and the beneficiaries listed in annex i to assist the beneficiaries in their efforts to reform with a view to union membership . assistance should be managed with a strong focus on results and with incentives for those who demonstrate their commitment to reform through efficient implementation of pre - accession assistance and progress towards meeting the membership criteria .


### articles 36 and 37 of [ regulation ndici ] shall apply . ### when providing financial assistance under this regulation , the commission and the union delegations in the beneficiaries shall take all necessary measures in order to ensure the visibility of the union ' s financial support , including monitoring recipients ' compliance with those requirements . ipa - financed actions shall be subject to the requirements set out in the communication and visibility manual for eu external actions . the commission shall adopt guidance for union funded projects on visibility and communication actions for each beneficiary . 2 . the commission shall take measures to strengthen strategic communication and public diplomacy for communicating the values of the union and highlighting the added value of the union’s support . 3 . the recipients of union funding shall acknowledge the origin of the union funding and ensure its proper visibility by : providing a statement highlighting the support received from the union in a visible manner on documents and communication material relating to the implementation of the funds , including on an official website , where such a website exists ; promoting the actions and their results by providing coherent , effective and proportionate targeted information to multiple audiences , including the media and the public . 4 . the commission shall implement information and communication actions relating to this regulation , as well as the actions set out by it and the results achieved . financial resources allocated to this regulation shall also contribute to the corporate communication of the political priorities of the union , insofar as those priorities are directly related to the objectives referred to in article 3 and in annexes ii and iii .


### establishing and promoting from an early stage the proper functioning of the institutions necessary in order to secure the rule of law . interventions in this area shall aim at : establishing independent , accountable and efficient judicial systems , including transparent and merit - based recruitment and promoting judicial cooperation , evaluation and promotion systems and effective disciplinary procedures in cases of wrongdoing ; ensuring the establishment of robust systems to protect the borders , manage migration flows and provide asylum to those in need ; developing effective tools to prevent and fight organised crime , trafficking in human beings , migrants smuggling , money laundering / financing of terrorism and corruption ; promoting and protecting human rights , rights of persons belonging to minorities including roma as well as lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and intersex persons fundamental freedoms , including freedom of the media and data protection . ### establishing and promoting from an early stage the proper functioning of the institutions necessary in order to secure the rule of law , democracy , fundamental rights and human rights , including the rights of minorities . interventions in this area shall aim at : establishing independent , accountable and efficient judicial systems , including transparent and merit - based recruitment and promoting judicial cooperation , evaluation and promotion systems and effective disciplinary procedures in cases of wrongdoing ; safeguarding and promoting the independence of media , developing effective tools to prevent and fight organised crime , money laundering / financing of terrorism and&#160 ; corruption ; promoting and protecting human rights , rights of persons belonging to minorities , &#160 ; including roma as well as lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and intersex persons fundamental freedoms , including freedom of the media and data protection .


### reforming public administrations in line with the principles of public administration . interventions shall aim at : strengthening public administration reform frameworks ; improving strategic planning and inclusive and evidence - based policy and legislative development ; enhancing professionalisation and de - politicisation of public service by embedding meritocratic principles ; promoting transparency and accountability ; improving quality and delivery of services , including adequate administrative procedures and the use of citizen centred egovernment ; strengthening public financial management and the production of reliable statistics . ### reforming public administrations in line with the principles of public administration . interventions shall aim at : strengthening public administration reform frameworks ; improving strategic planning and inclusive and evidence - based policy and legislative development ; enhancing professionalisation and de - politicisation of public service by embedding meritocratic principles ; promoting transparency and accountability ; improving quality and delivery of services , including adequate administrative procedures and the use of citizen centred egovernment ; strengthening and modernising public financial management ; reforming tax administrations , developing the digital economy and the production of reliable statistics .


### promoting the alignment of partner countries’ rules , standards , policies and practices to those of the union , including state aid rules . ### promoting the alignment of partner countries’ rules , standards , policies and practices to those of the union , including public procurement , competition and state aid rules and improving their capacity to implement the eu acquis .


### strengthening access to and quality of education , training and lifelong learning at all levels , and offering support to cultural and creative sectors . interventions in this area shall aim at : promoting equal access to quality early - childhood education and care , primary and secondary education , improving the provision of basic skills ; increasing educational attainment levels , reducing early school - leaving and reinforcing teachers’ training . developing vocational education and training systems and promoting work - based learning systems to facilitate the transition to the labour market ; improving the quality and relevance of higher education ; encouraging alumni related activities ; enhancing access to lifelong learning and supporting investment in education and training infrastructure particularly with a view to reducing territorial disparities and fostering non - segregated education and including through the use of digital technologies . ### strengthening access to and quality of education , training and lifelong learning at all levels , and offering support to cultural and creative sectors . interventions in this area shall aim at : reforming education systems and promoting equal access to quality early - childhood education and care , primary and secondary education , improving the provision of basic skills ; increasing educational attainment levels , reducing early school - leaving and reinforcing teachers’ training ; designing and implementing targeted and comprehensive measures towards the education of the roma minority ; developing vocational education and training systems and promoting work - based learning systems to facilitate the transition to the labour market ; improving the quality and relevance of higher education ; encouraging alumni related activities ; enhancing access to lifelong learning and supporting investment in education and training infrastructure , particularly with a view to reducing territorial disparities and fostering non - segregated education and including through the use of digital technologies


### in accordance with article 9 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , in defining and implementing its policies and activities , the union shall take into account requirements linked to the promotion of a high level of employment , the guarantee of adequate social protection , the fight against social exclusion , and a high level of education , training and protection of human health . in addition , as set out in article 11 of the of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , environmental protection requirements must be integrated in the union policies with a view to promoting sustainable development . ### in accordance with article 9 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , in defining and implementing its policies and activities , the union shall take into account requirements linked to the promotion of a high level of employment , the guarantee of adequate social protection , the fight against social exclusion , and a high level of education , training and protection of human health , taking into account the respect of the cultural diversity . in addition , as set out in article 11 of the of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , environmental protection requirements shall be integrated in the union policies with a view to promoting sustainable development .


### the implementation of reforms by member states , undertaken at their own initiative , notably to achieve sustainable investment , growth and job creation . ### the implementation of reforms by member states , undertaken at their own initiative , notably to achieve sustainable investment , growth , high quality education , research , training and job creation .


### in order to implement the programme , the commission shall adopt , by way of implementing acts , multi - annual work programmes . multi - annual work programmes shall set out the policy objectives pursued through the envisaged support and the expected results , as well as funding priorities in the relevant policy areas . the multi - annual work programmes shall be further specified in annual work programmes , adopted by way of implementing acts , identifying the measures needed for their implementation , together with all the elements required by regulation no 966 / 2012 . ### in order to implement the programme , the commission shall adopt , by way of implementing acts , multi - annual work programmes , following consultation with social partners and stakeholders , local authorities and experts . multi - annual work programmes shall set out the policy objectives pursued through the envisaged support and the expected results , as well as funding priorities in the relevant policy areas . the multi - annual work programmes shall be further specified in annual work programmes , adopted by way of implementing acts , identifying the measures needed for their implementation , together with all the elements required by regulation no 966 / 2012 .


### at particular areas of the external borders where member states face disproportionate migratory pressures characterised by large influxes of mixed migratory flows , referred to as hotspot areas , the member states should be able to rely on the increased operational and technical reinforcement by the migration management support teams composed of teams of experts deployed from member states by the european border and coast guard agency and the european asylum support office , and from europol or other relevant union agencies , as well as experts from the staff of the european border and coast guard agency . the european border and coast guard agency should assist the commission in the coordination among the different agencies on the ground . ### at particular areas of the external borders where member states face disproportionate migratory pressures characterised by large influxes of mixed migratory flows , referred to as hotspot areas , the member states should be able to rely on the increased operational and technical reinforcement by the migration management support teams composed of teams of experts deployed from member states by the european border and coast guard agency and the european asylum support office , and from europol or other relevant union agencies , as well as experts from the staff of the european border and coast guard agency . the european border and coast guard agency should assist the commission in the coordination among the different agencies on the ground . the agency should have an autonomous right to intervene in order to allocate its agents and equipment based on the complexity of border protection as well as particular areas of external borders where member states face disproportionate migration pressures .


### the european border and coast guard agency should step up its assistance to member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals , subject to the union return policy and in compliance with directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council . 15 in particular , it should coordinate and organise return operations from one or more member states and it should organise and conduct return interventions to reinforce the return system of member states requiring increased technical and operational assistance when complying with their obligation to return illegally staying third - country nationals in accordance with that directive . __________________ 15 directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 16 december 2008 on common standards and procedures in member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals . ### the european border and coast guard agency should step up its assistance to member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals , subject to the union return policy and in compliance with directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council . 15 in particular , following the request of one or more member states it should coordinate and organise return operations and it should organise and conduct return interventions to reinforce the return system of member states requiring increased technical and operational assistance when complying with their obligation to return illegally staying third - country nationals in accordance with that directive . __________________ 15 directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 16 december 2008 on common standards and procedures in member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals .


### the european border and coast guard agency should facilitate and encourage operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the framework of the external relations policy of the union , including by coordinating operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the field of management of external borders and by deploying liaison officers to third countries , as well as by cooperating with the authorities of third countries on return , including as regards the acquisition of travel documents . in their cooperation with third countries , the european border and coast guard agency and member states should comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation also when the cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries . ### the european border and coast guard agency , in agreement with the member state concerned , should facilitate and encourage operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the framework of the external relations policy of the union in cooperation with the commission and eeas , including by coordinating operational cooperation between member states and third countries after risk assessment of the eu external borders neighboring third countries and by deploying liaison officers to third countries , as well as by cooperating with the authorities of third countries on return , including as regards the acquisition of travel documents . in their cooperation with third countries , the european border and coast guard agency and member states should comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation also when the cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries .


### this regulation establishes a complaint mechanism for the european border and coast guard agency , in cooperation with the fundamental rights officer , to monitor and ensure the respect for fundamental rights in all the activities of the agency . this should be an administrative mechanism whereby the fundamental rights officer should be responsible for handling complaints received by the agency in accordance with the right to good administration . the fundamental rights officer should review the admissibility of a complaint , register admissible complaints , forward all registered complaints to the executive director , forward complaints concerning border guards to the home member state and register the follow - up by the agency or that member state . criminal investigations should be conducted by the member states . ### this regulation establishes a complaint mechanism for the european border and coast guard agency , in cooperation with the fundamental rights officer , to monitor and ensure the respect for fundamental rights in all the activities of the agency . this should be an administrative mechanism whereby the fundamental rights officer should be responsible for handling complaints received by the agency in accordance with the right to good administration . the fundamental rights officer should review the admissibility of a complaint , register admissible complaints , forward all registered complaints to the executive director and management board , forward complaints concerning members of the teams to the home member state and register the follow - up by the agency or that member state . this data should be included in the annual report of the agency . criminal investigations should be conducted by the member states .


### establish a monitoring and risk analysis centre with the capacity to monitor migratory flows and to carry out risk analysis as regards all aspects of integrated border management ; ### monitor migratory flows and carry out risk analysis as regards all aspects of integrated border management by making use of available resources such as the union satellite center and situation center ;


### carry out a vulnerability assessment including the assessment of the capacity of member states to face threats and pressures at the external borders ; ### carry out vulnerability assessment including the assessment of the capacity of member states to face threats and pressures at their external borders ;


### participate in the development and management of research and innovation activities relevant for the control and surveillance of external borders , including the use of advanced surveillance technology such as remotely piloted aircraft systems and develop pilot projects regarding matters covered by this regulation ; ### monitor the development and management of research and innovation activities relevant for the control and surveillance of eu external borders , including the use of advanced surveillance technology such as remotely piloted aircraft systems and develop pilot projects regarding matters covered by this regulation ;


### the risk analysis prepared by the agency shall cover all aspects relevant to the european integrated border management , in particular border control , return , irregular secondary movements of third - country nationals within the union , the prevention of cross - border crime including facilitation of irregular immigration , trafficking in human being and terrorism , as well as the situation in neighbouring third countries with a view to developing a pre - warning mechanism which analyses the migratory flows towards the union . ### the risk analysis prepared by the agency shall cover all aspects relevant to the european integrated border management , in particular border control , return , irregular secondary movements of third - country nationals within the union , the prevention of cross - border crime including facilitation of irregular immigration , trafficking in human being and terrorism , as well as the situation in neighbouring third countries and countries of origin and transit for irregular migration with a view to developing a pre - warning mechanism which analyses the migratory flows towards the union .


### the rapid reserve pool shall be a standing corps placed at the immediate disposal of the agency and which can be deployed from each member state within three working days from when the operational plan is agreed upon by the executive director and the host member state . for that purpose , each member state shall , on a yearly basis , make available to the agency a number of border guards commensurate to at least 3% of the staff of member states without land or sea external borders and 2% of the staff of member states with land or sea external borders , and which shall amount to a minimum of 1 500 border guards , corresponding to the profiles identified by the decision of the management board . ### the rapid reserve pool shall be a standing corps placed at the immediate disposal of the agency and which can be deployed from each member state within three working days from when the operational plan is agreed upon by the executive director and the host member state . for that purpose , each member state shall , on a yearly basis , make available to the agency a number of border guards or other relevant staff which shall amount to a minimum of 1 500 border guards , corresponding to the profiles identified by the decision of the management board .


### coordinate at technical and operational level the return activities of the member states , to achieve an integrated system of return management among competent authorities of the member states , with the participation of relevant authorities of third countries and other relevant stakeholders ; ### coordinate at technical and operational level the return activities of the member states , including voluntary returns , to achieve an integrated system of return management among competent authorities of the member states , with the participation of relevant authorities of third countries and other relevant stakeholders ;


### the european border and coast guard shall , in the performance of its tasks , take into account the special needs of children , victims of trafficking in human beings , persons in need of medical assistance , persons in need of international protection , persons in distress at sea and other persons in a particularly vulnerable situation . ### the european border and coast guard agency shall , in the performance of its tasks , take into account the special needs of minors , especially if unaccompanied , victims of trafficking in human beings , persons in need of medical assistance , persons in need of international protection , persons in distress at sea and other persons in a particularly vulnerable situation .


### in the performance of its tasks , in its relations with member states and in its cooperation with third countries , the agency shall take into account the reports of the consultative forum and the fundamental rights officer . ### in the performance of its tasks , in its relations with member states and in its cooperation with third countries , the agency shall ensure appropriate follow up to the reports of the consultative forum and the fundamental rights officer .


### in matters covered by its activities and to the extent required for the fulfilment of its tasks , the agency shall facilitate and encourage operational cooperation between member states and third countries , within the framework of the external relations policy of the union , including with regard to the protection of fundamental rights . the agency and the member states shall comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation also when cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries . the establishment of cooperation with third countries shall serve to promote european border management and return standards . ### in matters covered by its activities and to the extent required for the fulfilment of its tasks , the agency , in agreement with the concerned member state , shall facilitate and encourage operational cooperation between member states and third countries , within the framework of the predefined operational plan , of the external relations policy of the union and especially of the european neighborhood and development policy , including with regard to the protection of fundamental rights . the agency and the member states shall comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation also when cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries . the establishment of cooperation with third countries shall serve to promote european border management and return standards .


### in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance , the agency may coordinate operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the field of management of external borders , and it shall have the possibility of carrying out joint operations at the external borders involving one or more member states and a third country neighbouring at least one of those member states , subject to the agreement of that neighbouring third country , including on the territory of that third country . the commission shall be informed of such activities . ### in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance , the agency may , in agreement with the concerned member state , coordinate operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the field of management of the eu external borders , and it shall have the possibility of carrying out activities at the external borders involving one or more member states and a third country neighbouring at least one of those member states , subject to the agreement of that neighbouring third country , including on the territory of that third country . the commission , the eeas , eurojust and europol shall be informed of such activities .


### the agency may deploy experts of its own staff as liaison officers , who should enjoy the highest possible protection to carry out their duties , in third countries . they shall form part of the local or regional cooperation networks of immigration liaison officers and security experts of the union and of the member states , including the network set up pursuant to council regulation no 377 / 2004 . 49 __________________ 49 council regulation no 377 / 2004 of 19 february 2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison officers network . ### the agency may deploy experts of its own staff as liaison officers , who should enjoy the highest possible protection to carry out their duties , in third countries . they shall form part of the local or regional cooperation networks of immigration liaison officers and security experts of the union and of the member states . the agency shall coordinate and ensure the proper functioning of the network set up pursuant to council regulation no 377 / 2004 . 49 __________________ 49 council regulation no 377 / 2004 of 19 february 2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison officers network .


### the executive director shall be appointed by the management board on the grounds of merit and documented high - level administrative and management skills , as well as senior professional experience in the field of management of the external borders and return . the management board shall take its decision by a two - thirds majority of all members with a right to vote . ### prior to his / her appointment by the management board on the grounds of merit and documented high - level administrative and management skills , as well as senior professional experience in the field of management of the external borders and return , the executive director shall be heard by the appropriate bodies of the european parliament . the management board shall take its decision by a two - thirds majority of all members with a right to vote .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest global and societal challenges , and reflecting the urgency of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 30 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified , in consultation with relevant stakeholders and civil society , during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### the specific programme ' s actions should be used to address market failures or sub - optimal investment situations , in a proportionate manner , without duplicating or crowding out private financing and have a clear european added value . ### the specific programme ' s actions in the ‘ open innovation’ pillar should be used to address market failures or sub - optimal investment situations , in a proportionate manner , without duplicating or crowding out private financing and have a clear european added value .


### the completion of the digital single market and the growing opportunities from the convergence of digital and physical technologies requires a stepping up of investments . horizon europe will contribute to these efforts with a substantial increase of spending in main digital research and innovation activities compared to the research and innovation framework programme horizon 20206 . this should ensure that europe remains at the forefront of global research and innovation in the digital field . _________________ 6 the communication from the commission ' a new , modern multiannual financial framework for a european union that deliver efficiently on its priorities post - 2020 ' identifies eur 13 billion spent in main digital activities under the research and innovation framework programme horizon 2020 . ### the completion of the digital single market and the growing opportunities from the convergence of digital and physical technologies requires a stepping up of investments . horizon europe will contribute to these efforts with at least €16bn in spending in main digital research and innovation activities . this should ensure that europe remains at the forefront of global research and innovation in the digital field .


### the completion of the digital single market and the growing opportunities from the convergence of digital and physical technologies requires a stepping up of investments . horizon europe will contribute to these efforts with a substantial increase of spending in main digital research and innovation activities compared to the research and innovation framework programme horizon 20206 . this should ensure that europe remains at the forefront of global research and innovation in the digital field . _________________ 6 the communication from the commission ' a new , modern multiannual financial framework for a european union that deliver efficiently on its priorities post - 2020 ' identifies eur 13 billion spent in main digital activities under the research and innovation framework programme horizon 2020 . ### the completion of the digital single market and the growing opportunities from the convergence of digital and physical technologies requires a stepping up of investments . horizon europe will adequately contribute to these efforts investing in main digital research and innovation activities compared to the research and innovation framework programme horizon 20206 . this should ensure that europe remains at the forefront of global research and innovation in the digital field . _________________ 6 the communication from the commission ' a new , modern multiannual financial framework for a european union that deliver efficiently on its priorities post - 2020 ' identifies eur 13 billion spent in main digital activities under the research and innovation framework programme horizon 2020 .


### the completion of the digital single market and the growing opportunities from the convergence of digital and physical technologies requires a stepping up of investments . horizon europe will contribute to these efforts with a substantial increase of spending in main digital research and innovation activities compared to the research and innovation framework programme horizon 20206 . this should ensure that europe remains at the forefront of global research and innovation in the digital field . _________________ 6 the communication from the commission ' a new , modern multiannual financial framework for a european union that deliver efficiently on its priorities post - 2020 ' identifies eur 13 billion spent in main digital activities under the research and innovation framework programme horizon 2020 . ### the completion of the digital single market and the growing opportunities from the convergence of digital and physical technologies requires a stepping up of investments . and greater access to funding programmes through better communication . horizon europe will contribute to these efforts with a substantial increase of spending in main digital research and innovation activities compared to the research and innovation framework programme horizon 20206 . this should ensure that europe remains at the forefront of global research and innovation in the digital field . _________________ 6 the communication from the commission ' a new , modern multiannual financial framework for a european union that deliver efficiently on its priorities post - 2020 ' identifies eur 13 billion spent in main digital activities under the research and innovation framework programme horizon 2020 .


### the types of financing and the methods of implementation under this decision shall be chosen on the basis of their ability to achieve the specific objectives of the actions and to deliver results , taking into account , in particular , the costs of controls , the administrative burden , and the expected risk of non - compliance . for grants , this shall include consideration of the use of lump sums , flat rates and scales of unit costs . ### grants will be the main type of financing under this decision . other types of financing shall be chosen on the basis of their ability to achieve the specific objectives of the actions and to deliver results , taking into account , in particular , the costs of controls , the administrative burden , and the expected risk of non - compliance . for grants , this shall include consideration of the use of lump sums , flat rates and scales of unit costs . before any new costs reimbursement system could be deemed a real simplification for the beneficiaries , it needs to be preceded b an extensive evaluation which is concluded with a positive result .


### cluster ' climate , energy and mobility ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 4 ; ### cluster ' climate , energy , natural resources and mobility ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 4 ;


### cluster ' climate , energy and mobility ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 4 ; ### cluster ' digital , energy and mobility ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 4 ;


### part ' strengthening the european research area ' with the following components : ### cross - cutting part ' strengthening the european research area ' with the following components :


### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 94 100 000 000 in current prices . ### in accordance with article 9 of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 116 895 000 000 in constant prices .


### content of work programmes and their revision as needed for achieving the mission objectives , in co - design with stakeholders and the public where relevant ; ### content of work programmes of the relevant clusters and their revision as needed for achieving the mission objectives , in co - design with stakeholders and the public where relevant ;


### for each mission , a mission board may be established . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall advise upon the following : ### for each mission , a mission board may shall be established for co - designing and steering implementation . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals from various sectors and disciplines , including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall include , among others , academia , research and technology organisations , all - sized industry , national and territorial authorities and relevant end - users ' representatives . the members of the mission board shall be appointed by the commission following an independent and transparent procedure for their identification , including an open call for expressions of interest . they shall advise on the following .


### the scientific council shall be composed of scientists , engineers and scholars of the highest repute and appropriate expertise , of both women and men in different age groups , ensuring a diversity of research areas and acting in their personal capacity , independent of extraneous interests . ### the scientific council shall be composed of 27 of members , representing all member states , scientists , engineers and scholars of the highest repute and appropriate expertise , of both women and men in different age groups , ensuring a diversity of research areas and acting in their personal capacity , independent of extraneous interests .


### the scientific council shall be composed of scientists , engineers and scholars of the highest repute and appropriate expertise , of both women and men in different age groups , ensuring a diversity of research areas and acting in their personal capacity , independent of extraneous interests . ### the scientific council shall be composed of scientists , engineers and scholars of the highest repute and appropriate expertise , of both women and men in different age groups , ensuring a diversity of research areas and disciplines and acting in their personal capacity , independent of extraneous interests .


### does not lead to distortions of competition contrary to the common interest . ### does not lead to distortions of competition or crowding - out of private investments .