### in addition to the original objectives of the european capitals of culture which were to highlight the richness and diversity of european cultures and the features they share and to promote greater mutual understanding between european citizens , cities holding the title have also progressively added a new dimension by using the leverage effect of the title to stimulate the city’s more general development . ### in addition to the original objectives of the european capitals of culture , which were to highlight the richness and diversity of european cultures and the features they share and to promote greater mutual understanding between european citizens , cities holding the title have also progressively added a new dimension by using the leverage effect of the title to stimulate the city’s more general development , not least where urban development is concerned .


### the evaluations and the public consultation have demonstrated that the european capitals of culture have many potential benefits when they are planned with consideration . they remain first and foremost a cultural initiative , but they can also have significant social and economic benefits , particularly when they are embedded as part of a long - term culture led development strategy in the city . ### the evaluations and the public consultation have demonstrated that the european capitals of culture have many potential benefits when they are planned with consideration . they remain first and foremost a cultural initiative , but they can also bring significant social and economic benefits , particularly when they are embedded within a long - term overall development strategy in the city , focusing on cultural development in particular .


### the evaluations and the public consultation have demonstrated that the european capitals of culture have many potential benefits when they are planned with consideration . they remain first and foremost a cultural initiative , but they can also have significant social and economic benefits , particularly when they are embedded as part of a long - term culture led development strategy in the city . ### the evaluations and the public consultation have convincingly shown that the european capitals of culture hold many potential benefits when they are carefully planned . they remain first and foremost a cultural initiative , but they can also bring significant social and economic benefits , particularly when they are embedded within a long - term culture - led development strategy in the city .


### the european capital of culture title should continue to be reserved to cities , but in order to reach a wider public and amplify the impacts , these cities should also continue to have the possibility to involve their surrounding region . ### the european capital of culture title should in principle be awarded to cities ; exceptionally , the title may be awarded to a region , which may be a cross - border region , where it is shown in the concept for the candidate region concerned that this will make it possible to reach a wider public , amplify the impacts and make a significant contribution to achieving the scheme ' s objectives .


### the selection criteria should be more explicit in order to give more guidance to the candidate cities and more measurable in order to help the panel of experts in the selection and monitoring of cities . they should in particular reinforce the legacy of the title by rewarding cities which have developed a long - term cultural policy strategy . ### the selection criteria should be made more explicit in order to afford more guidance to the candidate cities , and more measurable in order to help the panel of experts in the selection and monitoring of cities . the criteria should in particular reinforce the legacy of the title by rewarding cities which have developed a long - term cultural policy strategy and which have been actively involved with union projects .


### the preparation phase between the designation of a city and the year of the title is of crucial importance for the success of a european capital of culture . there is a large consensus among stakeholders that the accompanying measures introduced by decision n° 1622 / 2006 / ec have been very useful for the cities . these measures should be further developed in particular through more frequent monitoring meetings and visits to the cities by panel members , and through an even stronger exchange of experience between past , present and future capitals , as well as candidate cities . ### the preparation phase between the designation of a city and the year of the title is of crucial importance for the success of a european capital of culture . there is broad consensus among stakeholders that the accompanying measures introduced by decision n° 1622 / 2006 / ec have been very useful for the cities . these measures should be further developed , in particular through more frequent monitoring meetings and visits to the cities by panel members , and through an even stronger exchange of experience between past , present and future capitals , as well as candidate cities , especially by using the already established formal and informal networks of european capitals of culture .


### the melina mercouri prize has acquired a strong symbolic value which goes far beyond the actual amount of the prize which may be awarded by the commission . however , in order to ensure that the designated cities fulfil their commitments , the conditions for payment of the prize should be made more stringent and explicit . ### the melina mercouri prize has acquired a strong symbolic value which goes far beyond the actual amount of the prize which may be awarded by the commission . however , in order to ensure that the designated cities fulfil their commitments , the conditions for payment of the prize should be made more stringent and explicit , taking account also of economic , political and social circumstances .


### the experience of sibiu 2007 and istanbul 2010 , among others , has shown that the participation of candidate countries can contribute to bring them closer to the union by highlighting the common aspects of european cultures . the european capitals of culture should therefore be open again to the participation of candidate and potential candidate countries after 2019 . ### past experience has shown that the participation of candidate countries can help to bring them closer to the union by highlighting the common aspects of european cultures . the european capitals of culture should therefore be open again to the participation of candidate and potential candidate countries after 2019 .


### to safeguard and promote the diversity of european cultures , and to highlight the common features they share ; ### to safeguard and promote the diversity of european cultures , highlight the common features they share and encourage european identity ;


### to improve the international profile of cities through culture . ### to raise the international profile of cities through culture .


### the designation shall apply to a maximum of one city in each of the member states appearing in the list . ### the designation shall apply to at most one city in each of the member states appearing in the list . the number of european capitals of culture in a given year shall not exceed three .


### however , as the competition for the title shall start six years before the beginning of the year of the title in order to give the cities sufficient time for their preparation after their designation , the list shall not be updated in the case of countries acceding to the union after 31 december 2026 . ### however , as the competition for the title shall start at least six years before the beginning of the year of the title in order to give the cities sufficient time for their preparation after their designation , the list shall not be updated in the case of countries acceding to the union after 31 december 2026 .


### cities in candidate and potential candidate countries shall also have the possibility to apply for the european capital of culture title in the framework of an open competition organised every third year in parallel with the competitions in the two member states , in accordance with the calendar in the annex . ### it shall also be open to cities in candidate and potential candidate countries to apply for the european capital of culture title within the framework of an open competition organised every third year in parallel with the competitions in the two member states , in accordance with the calendar set out in the annex .


### the competition for the european capital of culture title shall only be open to cities . candidate cities may involve their surrounding regions . however , the applications shall be made under the name of the leading city and , if selected , the title will be awarded to this city . ### in principle , the competition for the european capital of culture title shall be open to cities . exceptionally , the title may be awarded to a region , which may be a cross - border region , where it is shown in the concept for the candidate region concerned that this will make it possible to reach a wider public , amplify the impacts and make a significant contribution to achieving the scheme ' s objectives . however , the applications shall always be made under the name of a leading city located in a member state which is entitled to apply that year .


### the competition for the european capital of culture title shall only be open to cities . candidate cities may involve their surrounding regions . however , the applications shall be made under the name of the leading city and , if selected , the title will be awarded to this city . ### the competition for the title of european capital of culture shall be open only to cities . candidate cities may involve their neighbouring areas , including those in countries adjacent to them . however , the application shall be made under the name of the lead city and , if that city is selected , it shall be awarded the title .


### every application shall be based on a cultural programme with a strong european dimension . this programme shall last one year and shall be created specifically for the european capital of culture title , in accordance with the criteria in article 5 . it must however be embedded in a long term strategy for cultural development in the city . ### every application shall be based on a cultural programme with a strong european dimension . this programme shall last for one year and shall be created specifically for the title of european capital of culture , in accordance with the criteria laid down in article 5 . it shall however be embedded in a long - term strategy as an active legacy for cultural development in the city .


### the strategy for the cultural development of the city that is in place at the time of the application , including the plans for cultural governance , and sustaining cultural activities beyond the year of the title ; ### the strategy for the cultural development of the city that is in place at the time of the application , including the plans for cultural governance , budgetary support and sustaining cultural activities beyond the year of the title ;


### the plans to strengthen the capacity of the cultural sector ; ### the plans to strengthen the capacity of cultural sectors ;


### a clear and coherent artistic vision for the cultural programme of the year ; ### a clear and coherent artistic vision and strategy for the cultural programme of the year ;


### the range and diversity of the activities proposed and their overall artistic quality ; ### the range , prestige , and diversity of the activities proposed and their overall artistic quality ;


### the scope and quality of activities promoting the cultural diversity of europe ; ### the scope , impact , and quality of activities promoting the cultural diversity of europe ;


### the scope and quality of activities highlighting the common aspects of european cultures , heritage and history , as well as european integration ; ### the scope , impact , and quality of activities highlighting the common aspects of european cultures , heritage and history , as well as european integration ;


### the scope and quality of activities featuring european artists , co - operation with operators or cities in different countries , and transnational partnerships ; ### the scope and quality of activities featuring european artists , co - operation with operators or cities especially other european capitals of culture in different countries , and transnational partnerships ;


### the scope and quality of activities featuring european artists , co - operation with operators or cities in different countries , and transnational partnerships ; ### the scope , impact , and quality of activities featuring european artists , cooperation with operators or cities in different countries , and transnational partnerships ;


### the strategy to attract the interest of a broad european public ; ### the strategy to attract the interest of a broad european and international public ;


### the involvement of the local population and civil society in the preparation of the application and the implementation of the european capital of culture ; ### the involvement of the local population , civil society and local organisations in the preparation of the application and the implementation of the european capital of culture ;


### the involvement of the local population and civil society in the preparation of the application and the implementation of the european capital of culture ; ### the involvement of the local population and civil society in the preparation of the application and implementation of the european capital of culture , with special emphasis being placed on volunteering ;


### the feasibility of the proposed budget . this budget shall cover the preparation phase , the year of the title in itself and provisions for the legacy activities ; ### the feasibility of the fund - raising strategy and proposed budget , including efficient use of appropriate union funding . this budget shall cover the preparation phase , the year of the title in itself and provisions for the legacy activities ;


### the appointment procedure of the artistic director and his / her field of action ; ### the appointment procedure of the general manager and the artistic director and his / her field of action ;


### the communication strategy , that shall be comprehensive and shall highlight that the european capitals of culture are an initiative of the union . ### the marketing and communication strategy , which shall be comprehensive and shall highlight the fact that the european capitals of culture is an initiative of the union .


### the commission shall pre - select a pool of potential panel members following the organisation of a call for expression of interest . the european parliament , the council and the commission shall subsequently select three experts each from this pool and appoint them in accordance with their respective procedures . the committee of the regions shall select one expert and appoint him / her in accordance with its procedures . ### after organising a call for expressions of interest , the commission shall put forward a shortlist of all potential panel members who expressed their interest and who are deemed to meet the qualification criteria . the european parliament , the council and the commission shall subsequently select three experts each , and the committee of the regions one expert , from that shortlist and appoint them in accordance with their respective procedures .


### each institution and body shall seek to ensure that the competences of the experts it appoints are as complementary as possible , and that those experts are drawn from a balanced geographical spectrum . ### each of those institutions and bodies shall seek to ensure complementarity of the areas of competence of the experts it appoints , as well as a balanced geographical distribution and gender balance in the overall composition of the european panel .


### the members of the european panel shall be appointed for a period of three years . however , by way of derogation as regards the first panel to be established under the present decision , the european parliament shall appoint its three experts for three years , the council for one year , the commission for two years and the committee of the regions shall appoint its expert for one year in order to enable a staggered replacement of panel members and thus to avoid the loss of experience and know - how which would result if all members were replaced simultaneously . ### the members of the european panel shall be appointed for a period of three years . however , for the first panel to be established under this decision , the european parliament shall appoint its three experts for three years , the council for one year , and the commission for two years , and the committee of the regions shall appoint its expert for one year .


### the member states shall publish a call for submission of applications six years before the beginning of the year of the title . ### the member states shall publish a call for submission of applications at least six years before the beginning of the year of the title .


### the european panel shall assess the applications according to the criteria set out in article 5 . it shall agree on a short - list of candidate cities which are to be considered further and issue a report on the applications of all the candidate cities and recommendations to the short - listed candidate cities . ### the european panel shall assess the applications in accordance with the criteria set out in article 5 . it shall agree on a shortlist of candidate cities and issue a report on the applications of all the candidate cities and recommendations to the shortlisted candidate cities .


### the short - listed candidate cities shall complete their applications according to the criteria and the recommendations issued by the panel during its pre - selection meeting and transmit them to the member states concerned , which shall then forward them to the commission . ### the shortlisted candidate cities shall revise their applications so as to take into account the recommendations issued by the panel during its pre - selection meeting , and shall transmit them to the member states concerned , which shall then forward them to the commission .


### each of the member states concerned shall convene the european panel for a final selection meeting with the short - listed candidate cities nine months after the pre - selection meeting . ### each of the member states concerned shall convene the european panel for a final selection meeting with the shortlisted candidate cities nine months after the pre - selection meeting . the member states concerned shall each nominate two observers to that meeting .


### the european panel shall evaluate the completed applications . ### the european panel shall evaluate the revised applications .


### the commission shall publish in the official journal of the european union a call for submission of applications six years before the beginning of the year of the title . this call shall be open to cities in all candidate and potential candidate countries , provided that these countries participate in the creative europe programme or in the subsequent union programmes supporting culture at the date of the publication of the call . ### the commission shall publish in the official journal of the european union a call for submission of applications at least six years before the beginning of the year of the title . this call shall be open to cities in all candidate and potential candidate countries , provided that these countries participate in the union programme supporting culture at the date of the publication of the call .


### however , for reasons of equity with the cities in the member states , every city shall only be allowed to participate in one competition for cities in candidate and potential candidate countries during the period from 2020 to 2033 , and it shall not be possible for a city which participated in such a competition to participate in any subsequent competition in a new member state under the rules laid down in article 3 during that same period . ### however , for reasons of equity with the cities in the member states , every city shall be allowed to participate in one competition only for cities in both the candidate and potential candidate countries during the period from 2020 to 2033 , and it shall not be permissible for a city which participated in such a competition to participate in any subsequent competition in a new member state , under the rules laid down in article 3 , during that same period .


### the pre - selection of the cities shall be carried out by the european panel five years before the beginning of the year of the title , on the basis of the written application forms referred to in article 4 only . no meeting with the candidate cities will be organised . ### the pre - selection of the cities shall be carried out by the european panel five years before the beginning of the year of the title , on the basis of the written application forms referred to in article 4 only . no meeting with the candidate cities shall be organised .


### the european panel shall assess the applications according to the criteria . it shall agree on a short - list of candidate cities which are to be considered further and issue a report on the applications of all the candidate cities and recommendations to the short - listed candidate cities . this report shall be submitted to the commission and published on the commission website . ### the european panel shall assess the applications in accordance with the criteria . it shall agree on a shortlist of candidate cities and issue a report on the applications of all the candidate cities and recommendations to the shortlisted candidate cities . this report shall be submitted to the commission and published on the commission ' s website .


### the short - listed candidate cities shall complete their applications according to the criteria and the recommendations issued during the pre - selection and transmit them to the commission . ### the shortlisted candidate cities shall revise their applications so as to take into account the recommendations issued during the pre - selection and transmit them to the commission .


### after their designation , the european capitals of culture of the same year shall seek to develop links between their cultural programmes . ### after their designation , the european capitals of culture of the same year must develop links between their cultural programmes .


### after their designation , the european capitals of culture of the same year shall seek to develop links between their cultural programmes . ### after their designation , the european capitals of culture of the same year shall seek to develop links between their cultural programmes . further links may be developed also with other european capitals of culture .


### to this end , the commission shall convene the european panel and the concerned cities to three meetings : the first meeting shall take place three years before the beginning of the year of the title ; the second meeting shall take place eighteen months before the beginning of the year of the title and the third meeting shall take place two months before the beginning of the year of the title . the member state or country concerned may nominate an observer to these meetings . ### to this end , the commission shall convene three meetings of the european panel and the cities concerned : the first meeting shall take place three years before the beginning of the year of the title ; the second meeting shall take place 18 months before the beginning of the year of the title and the third meeting shall take place two months before the beginning of the year of the title . the local managing authority in the member state or country concerned may nominate two observers to these meetings .


### the period covered by the present decision will coincide with several multi annual financial frameworks . for each of these multiannual financial frameworks , the commission shall examine the possibility to award a pecuniary prize in honour of melina mercouri to the designated cities . the legal and financial aspects of this prize shall be dealt with in the framework of the respective union programmes supporting culture . ### the commission may , within the framework of the respective union programmes supporting culture , award a pecuniary prize in honour of melina mercouri to the designated cities .


### if the conditions laid down in paragraph 1 are fulfilled and the melina mercouri prize is awarded to a designated city , the prize shall be paid no later than the end of june of the year of the title , provided that the city keeps to the commitments it made at the application stage and all the recommendations made by the european panel in the selection and monitoring reports were implemented . ### if the conditions laid down in paragraph 1 are fulfilled and the prize is awarded to a designated city , the amount of the prize shall be paid no later than the end of march of the year of the title , provided that the city keeps to the commitments it made at the application stage and all the recommendations made by the european panel in the selection and monitoring reports have been implemented .


### the communication strategy and the communication material used by the city clearly reflect that the european capitals of culture are an initiative of the union ; ### the marketing and communication strategy and the communication material used by the city clearly reflect the fact that the european capitals of culture is an initiative of the union ;


### in the light of the objectives and criteria , establish guidelines to assist with the selection and monitoring procedures in close cooperation with the european panel ; ### in the light of the objectives and criteria set out in article 2 and article 5 respectively , establish guidelines to assist with the selection and monitoring procedures in close cooperation with the european panel ;


### make public all relevant information and contribute to the visibility of the action at european level ; ### make public all relevant information and contribute to the visibility of the action at european and international level ;


### foster the exchange of experience and of best practices between past , present and future capitals , as well as candidate cities . ### foster the exchange of experience and of best practices between past , present and future capitals , as well as candidate cities , inter alia using already established formal and informal networks of the capitals .


### the commission shall present to the european parliament , the council and the committee of the regions : ### the commission shall present to the european parliament , the council and the committee of the regions the following evaluation reports , accompanied , if appropriate , by relevant proposals :


### this regulation should not apply to processing of personal data by a natural person , which are exclusively personal or domestic , such as correspondence and the holding of addresses , and without any gainful interest and thus without any connection with a professional or commercial activity . the exemption should also not apply to controllers or processors which provide the means for processing personal data for such personal or domestic activities . ### this regulation should not apply to processing of personal data by a person , which are exclusively personal or domestic , such as correspondence and the holding of addresses , and without any gainful interest and thus without any connection with a professional or commercial activity , and which do not involve making such data accessible to an indefinite number of people . the exemption should also not apply to controllers or processors which provide the means for processing personal data for such personal or domestic activities .


### when using online services , individuals may be associated with online identifiers provided by their devices , applications , tools and protocols , such as internet protocol addresses or cookie identifiers . this may leave traces which , combined with unique identifiers and other information received by the servers , may be used to create profiles of the individuals and identify them . it follows that identification numbers , location data , online identifiers or other specific factors as such need not necessarily be considered as personal data in all circumstances . ### when using online services , individuals may be associated with online identifiers provided by their devices , applications , tools and protocols , such as internet protocol addresses or cookie identifiers . this may leave traces which , combined with unique identifiers and other information received by the servers , may be used to create profiles of the individuals and identify them . it follows that a study should be undertaken , on a case - by - case basis and in accordance with technological developments , of whether identification numbers , location data , online identifiers or other specific factors as such need not necessarily be considered as personal data in all circumstances .


### consent should be given explicitly by any appropriate method enabling a freely given specific and informed indication of the data subject ' s wishes , either by a statement or by a clear affirmative action by the data subject , ensuring that individuals are aware that they give their consent to the processing of personal data , including by ticking a box when visiting an internet website or by any other statement or conduct which clearly indicates in this context the data subject ' s acceptance of the proposed processing of their personal data . silence or inactivity should therefore not constitute consent . consent should cover all processing activities carried out for the same purpose or purposes . if the data subject ' s consent is to be given following an electronic request , the request must be clear , concise and not unnecessarily disruptive to the use of the service for which it is provided . ### consent should be given explicitly by any method appropriate to the media used enabling a freely given specific and informed indication of the data subject ' s wishes , either by a statement or by a clear affirmative action by the data subject , ensuring that individuals are aware that they give their consent to the processing of personal data , including by ticking a box when visiting an internet website or by any other statement or conduct which clearly indicates in this context the data subject ' s acceptance of the proposed processing of their personal data . silence or inactivity should therefore not constitute consent . consent should cover all processing activities carried out for the same purpose or purposes . if the data subject ' s consent is to be given following an electronic request , the request must be clear , concise and not unnecessarily disruptive to the use of the service for which it is provided .


### the main establishment of a controller in the union should be determined according to objective criteria and should imply the effective and real exercise of management activities determining the main decisions as to the purposes , conditions and means of processing through stable arrangements . this criterion should not depend whether the processing of personal data is actually carried out at that location ; the presence and use of technical means and technologies for processing personal data or processing activities do not , in themselves , constitute such main establishment and are therefore no determining criteria for a main establishment . the main establishment of the processor should be the place of its central administration in the union . ### the main establishment of a controller in the union should be determined according to objective criteria and should imply the effective and real exercise of management activities determining the main decisions as to the purposes , conditions and means of processing through stable arrangements . this criterion should not depend whether the processing of personal data is actually carried out at that location ; the presence and use of technical means and technologies for processing personal data or processing activities do not , in themselves , constitute such main establishment and are therefore no determining criteria for a main establishment . ‘ main establishment of the controller’ means the place in the eu where personal data protection policy is determined , taking into account the dominant influence of the establishment over others , particularly in the case of a group of companies , the implementation of rules on personal data protection and rules relevant for data protection . the main establishment of the processor should be the place of its central administration in the union .


### the legitimate interests of a controller may provide a legal basis for processing , provided that the interests or the fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject are not overriding . this would need careful assessment in particular where the data subject is a child , given that children deserve specific protection . the data subject should have the right to object the processing , on grounds relating to their particular situation and free of charge . to ensure transparency , the controller should be obliged to explicitly inform the data subject on the legitimate interests pursued and on the right to object , and also be obliged to document these legitimate interests . given that it is for the legislator to provide by law the legal basis for public authorities to process data , this legal ground should not apply for the processing by public authorities in the performance of their tasks . ### the legitimate interests of a person may provide a legal basis for processing , provided that the interests or the fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject are not overriding . this would need careful assessment in particular where the data subject is a child , given that children deserve specific protection . the data subject should have the right to object the processing , on grounds relating to their particular situation and free of charge . to ensure transparency , the controller or the third parties to whom the data are sent should be obliged to explicitly inform the data subject on the legitimate interests pursued and on the right to object , and also be obliged to document these legitimate interests . given that it is for the legislator to provide by law the legal basis for public authorities to process data , this legal ground should not apply for the processing by public authorities in the performance of their tasks .


### the principles of fair and transparent processing require that the data subject should be informed in particular of the existence of the processing operation and its purposes , how long the data will be stored , on the existence of the right of access , rectification or erasure and on the right to lodge a complaint . where the data are collected from the data subject , the data subject should also be informed whether they are obliged to provide the data and of the consequences , in cases they do not provide such data . ### the principles of fair and transparent processing require that the data subject should be informed in particular of the existence of the processing operation and its purposes , the criteria enabling determination of how long the data will be stored for each purpose , on the existence of the right of access , rectification or erasure and on the right to lodge a complaint . where the data are collected from the data subject , the data subject should also be informed whether they are obliged to provide the data and of the consequences , in cases they do not provide such data .


### any person should have the right of access to data which has been collected concerning them , and to exercise this right easily , in order to be aware and verify the lawfulness of the processing . every data subject should therefore have the right to know and obtain communication in particular for what purposes the data are processed , for what period , which recipients receive the data , what is the logic of the data that are undergoing the processing and what might be , at least when based on profiling , the consequences of such processing . this right should not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others , including trade secrets or intellectual property and in particular the copyright protecting the software . however , the result of these considerations should not be that all information is refused to the data subject . ### any person should have the right of access to data which has been collected concerning them , and to exercise this right easily , in order to be aware and verify the lawfulness of the processing . every data subject should therefore have the right to know and obtain communication in particular for what purposes the data are processed , the criteria enabling determination of how long the data will be stored for each purpose , which recipients receive the data , what is the logic of the data that are undergoing the processing and what might be , at least when based on profiling , the consequences of such processing . this right should not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others , including trade secrets or intellectual property and in particular the copyright protecting the software . however , the result of these considerations should not be that all information is refused to the data subject .


### comprehensive responsibility and liability of the controller for any processing of personal data carried out by the controller or on the controller ' s behalf should be established . in particular , the controller should ensure and be obliged to demonstrate the compliance of each processing operation with this regulation . ### overall responsibility and liability of the controller for any processing of personal data carried out by the controller or on the controller ' s behalf should be established . in particular , the controller should ensure and be obliged to demonstrate the compliance of each processing operation with this regulation .


### the protection of the rights and freedoms of data subjects as well as the responsibility and liability of controllers and processor , also in relation to the monitoring by and measures of supervisory authorities , requires a clear attribution of the responsibilities under this regulation , including where a controller determines the purposes , conditions and means of the processing jointly with other controllers or where a processing operation is carried out on behalf of a controller . ### the protection of the rights and freedoms of data subjects as well as the responsibility and liability of controllers and processor , also in relation to the monitoring by and measures of supervisory authorities , requires a clear attribution of the responsibilities under this regulation , including where a controller determines the purposes , conditions and means of the processing jointly with other controllers or where a processing operation is carried out on behalf of a controller . in the event of joint and several liability , a processor which has made amends for damage done to the data subject may appeal against the controller for reimbursement if it has acted in conformity with the legal act binding it to the controller .


### in order to demonstrate compliance with this regulation , the controller or processor should document each processing operation . each controller and processor should be obliged to co - operate with the supervisory authority and make this documentation , on request , available to it , so that it might serve for monitoring those processing operations . ### in order to demonstrate compliance with this regulation , the controller or processor should keep a documentary record of all the processing systems and procedures for which they are responsible . each controller and processor should be obliged to co - operate with the supervisory authority and make this documentation , on request , available to it , so that it might serve for monitoring those processing operations .


### a personal data breach may , if not addressed in an adequate and timely manner , result in substantial economic loss and social harm , including identity fraud , to the individual concerned . therefore , as soon as the controller becomes aware that such a breach has occurred , the controller should notify the breach to the supervisory authority without undue delay and , where feasible , within 24 hours . where this cannot achieved within 24 hours , an explanation of the reasons for the delay should accompany the notification . the individuals whose personal data could be adversely affected by the breach should be notified without undue delay in order to allow them to take the necessary precautions . a breach should be considered as adversely affecting the personal data or privacy of a data subject where it could result in , for example , identity theft or fraud , physical harm , significant humiliation or damage to reputation . the notification should describe the nature of the personal data breach as well as recommendations as well as recommendations for the individual concerned to mitigate potential adverse effects . notifications to data subjects should be made as soon as reasonably feasible , and in close cooperation with the supervisory authority and respecting guidance provided by it or other relevant authorities . for example , the chance for data subjects to mitigate an immediate risk of harm would call for a prompt notification of data subjects whereas the need to implement appropriate measures against continuing or similar data breaches may justify a longer delay . ### a personal data breach may , if not addressed in an adequate and timely manner , result in substantial economic loss and social harm , including identity fraud , to the individual concerned . therefore , as soon as the controller becomes aware that a breach which would have a significant impact on the data subject has occurred , the controller should notify the breach to the supervisory authority without undue delay . the individuals whose personal data could be significantly adversely affected by the breach should be notified without undue delay in order to allow them to take the necessary precautions . a breach should be considered as significantly adversely affecting the personal data or privacy of a data subject where it could result in , for example , identity theft or fraud , physical harm , significant humiliation or damage to reputation . the notification should describe the nature of the personal data breach as well as recommendations as well as recommendations for the individual concerned to mitigate potential adverse effects . notifications to data subjects should be made as soon as reasonably feasible , and in close cooperation with the supervisory authority and respecting guidance provided by it or other relevant authorities . for example , the chance for data subjects to mitigate an immediate risk of harm would call for a prompt notification of data subjects whereas the need to implement appropriate measures against continuing or similar data breaches may justify a longer delay .


### the commission may equally recognise that a third country , or a territory or a processing sector within a third country , or an international organisation offers no adequate level of data protection . consequently the transfer of personal data to that third country should be prohibited . in that case , provision should be made for consultations between the commission and such third countries or international organisations . ### the commission may equally recognise that a third country , or a territory or a processing sector within a third country , or an international organisation offers no adequate level of data protection . consequently the transfer of personal data to that third country should be authorised subject to appropriate guarantees or under the derogations set out in this regulation .


### any damage which a person may suffer as a result of unlawful processing should be compensated by the controller or processor , who may be exempted from liability if they prove that they are not responsible for the damage , in particular where he establishes fault on the part of the data subject or in case of force majeure . ### any damage which a person may suffer as a result of unlawful processing should be compensated by the controller or processor , who may be exempted from liability if they prove that they are not responsible for the damage , in particular where he establishes fault on the part of the data subject or in case of force majeure . in the event of joint and several liability , a processor which has made amends for damage done to the person concerned may appeal against the controller for reimbursement if it has acted in conformity with the legal act binding it to the controller .


### in order to fulfil the objectives of this regulation , namely to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons and in particular their right to the protection of personal data and to ensure the free movement of personal data within the union , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission . in particular , delegated acts should be adopted in respect of lawfulness of processing ; specifying the criteria and conditions in relation to the consent of a child ; processing of special categories of data ; specifying the criteria and conditions for manifestly excessive requests and fees for exercising the rights of the data subject ; criteria and requirements for the information to the data subject and in relation to the right of access ; the right to be forgotten and to erasure ; measures based on profiling ; criteria and requirements in relation to the responsibility of the controller and to data protection by design and by default ; a processor ; criteria and requirements for the documentation and the security of processing ; criteria and requirements for establishing a personal data breach and for its notification to the supervisory authority , and on the circumstances where a personal data breach is likely to adversely affect the data subject ; the criteria and conditions for processing operations requiring a data protection impact assessment ; the criteria and requirements for determining a high degree of specific risks which require prior consultation ; designation and tasks of the data protection officer ; codes of conduct ; criteria and requirements for certification mechanisms ; criteria and requirements for transfers by way of binding corporate rules ; transfer derogations ; administrative sanctions ; processing for health purposes ; processing in the employment context and processing for historical , statistical and scientific research purposes . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing - up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and council . ### in order to fulfil the objectives of this regulation , namely to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons and in particular their right to the protection of personal data and to ensure the free movement of personal data within the union , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission . in particular , delegated acts should be adopted in respect of lawfulness of processing ; specifying the criteria and conditions in relation to the consent of a child ; processing of special categories of data ; criteria and requirements for the information to the data subject and in relation to the right of access ; the right to be forgotten and to erasure ; measures based on profiling ; criteria and requirements in relation to the responsibility of the controller ; a processor ; criteria and requirements for the documentation ; criteria and requirements for establishing a personal data breach and for its notification to the supervisory authority , and on the circumstances where a personal data breach is likely to adversely affect the data subject ; the criteria and conditions for processing operations requiring a data protection impact assessment ; the criteria and requirements for determining a high degree of specific risks which require prior consultation ; designation and tasks of the data protection officer ; codes of conduct ; criteria and requirements for certification mechanisms ; transfers by way of binding corporate rules ; derogations concerning transfers ; processing for health purposes ; processing in the employment context and processing for historical , statistical and scientific research purposes . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing - up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and council .


### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission for : specifying standard forms in relation to the processing of personal data of a child ; standard procedures and forms for exercising the rights of data subjects ; standard forms for the information to the data subject ; standard forms and procedures in relation to the right of access ; the right to data portability ; standard forms in relation to the responsibility of the controller to data protection by design and by default and to the documentation ; specific requirements for the security of processing ; the standard format and the procedures for the notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority and the communication of a personal data breach to the data subject ; standards and procedures for a data protection impact assessment ; forms and procedures for prior authorisation and prior consultation ; technical standards and mechanisms for certification ; the adequate level of protection afforded by a third country or a territory or a processing sector within that third country or an international organisation ; disclosures not authorized by union law ; mutual assistance ; joint operations ; decisions under the consistency mechanism . those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 16 february 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the member states of the commission ' s exercise of implementing powers . in this context , the commission should consider specific measures for micro , small and medium - sized enterprises . ### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission for : specifying standard forms in relation to the processing of personal data of a child ; standard forms for the information to the data subject ; standard forms and procedures in relation to the right of access ; standard forms in relation to the responsibility of the controller to the documentation ; specific requirements for the security of processing ; the standard format and the procedures for the notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority and the communication of a personal data breach to the data subject ; standards and procedures for a data protection impact assessment ; forms and procedures for prior authorisation and prior consultation ; technical standards and mechanisms for certification ; the adequate level of protection afforded by a third country or a territory or a processing sector within that third country or an international organisation ; disclosures not authorized by union law ; mutual assistance ; joint operations ; decisions under the consistency mechanism . those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 16 february 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the member states of the commission ' s exercise of implementing powers . in this context , the commission should consider specific measures for micro , small and medium - sized enterprises .


### the examination procedure should be used for the adoption of specifying standard forms in relation to the consent of a child ; standard procedures and forms for exercising the rights of data subjects ; standard forms for the information to the data subject ; standard forms and procedures in relation to the right of access ; the right to data portability ; standard forms in relation to the responsibility of the controller to data protection by design and by default and to the documentation ; specific requirements for the security of processing ; the standard format and the procedures for the notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority and the communication of a personal data breach to the data subject ; standards and procedures for a data protection impact assessment ; forms and procedures for prior authorisation and prior consultation ; technical standards and mechanisms for certification ; the adequate level of protection afforded by a third country or a territory or a processing sector within that third country or an international organisation ; disclosures not authorized by union law ; mutual assistance ; joint operations ; decisions under the consistency mechanism , given that those acts are of general scope . ### the examination procedure should be used for the adoption of specifying standard forms in relation to the consent of a child ; standard procedures and forms for exercising the rights of data subjects ; standard forms for the information to the data subject ; standard forms and procedures in relation to the right of access ; standard forms in relation to the responsibility of the controller to the documentation ; specific requirements for the security of processing ; the standard format and the procedures for the notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority and the communication of a personal data breach to the data subject ; standards and procedures for a data protection impact assessment ; forms and procedures for prior authorisation and prior consultation ; technical standards and mechanisms for certification ; disclosures not authorized by union law ; mutual assistance ; joint operations ; decisions under the consistency mechanism , given that those acts are of general scope .


### in view of the fact that , as underlined by the court of justice of the european union , the right to the protection of personal data is not an absolute right , but must be considered in relation to its function in society and be balanced with other fundamental rights , in accordance with the principle of proportionality , this regulation respects all fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in the charter of fundamental rights of the european union as enshrined in the treaties , notably the right to respect for private and family life , home and communications , the right to the protection of personal data , the freedom of thought , conscience and religion , the freedom of expression and information , the freedom to conduct a business , the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial as well as cultural , religious and linguistic diversity . ### in view of the fact that , as underlined by the court of justice of the european union , the right to the protection of personal data is not an absolute right , but must be considered in relation to its function in society and be balanced with other rights established by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , in accordance with the principle of proportionality , this regulation respects all fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in the charter of fundamental rights of the european union as enshrined in the treaties , notably the right to respect for private and family life , home and communications , the right to the protection of personal data , the freedom of thought , conscience and religion , the freedom of expression and information , the freedom to conduct a business , the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial as well as cultural , religious and linguistic diversity .


### by a natural person without any gainful interest in the course of its own exclusively personal or household activity ; ### by a natural person without any gainful interest in the course of its own exclusively personal or household activity and on condition that no personal data are made accessible to an indefinite number of people ;


### ‘ main establishment’ means as regards the controller , the place of its establishment in the union where the main decisions as to the purposes , conditions and means of the processing of personal data are taken ; if no decisions as to the purposes , conditions and means of the processing of personal data are taken in the union , the main establishment is the place where the main processing activities in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller in the union take place . as regards the processor , ' main establishment ' means the place of its central administration in the union ; ### ‘ main establishment’ means as regards the controller , the place of its establishment in the union where personal data protection policy is determined , taking into account the dominant influence of the establishment over others , particularly in the case of a group of companies , the implementation of rules on personal data protection and rules relevant for data protection ; if no decisions as to the purposes , conditions and means of the processing of personal data are taken in the union , the main establishment is the place where the main processing activities in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller in the union take place . as regards the processor , ' main establishment ' means the place of its central administration in the union ;


### processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by a controller , except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data , in particular where the data subject is a child . this shall not apply to processing carried out by public authorities in the performance of their tasks . ### processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by a controller or by a third party or third parties to whom the data are communicated , except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data , in particular where the data subject is a child . this shall not apply to processing carried out by public authorities in the performance of their tasks .


### for the purposes of this regulation , in relation to the offering of information society services directly to a child , the processing of personal data of a child below the age of 13 years shall only be lawful if and to the extent that consent is given or authorised by the child ' s parent or custodian . the controller shall make reasonable efforts to obtain verifiable consent , taking into consideration available technology . ### for the purposes of this regulation , in relation to the offering of goods or services directly to a child , the processing of personal data of a child below the age of 13 years shall only be lawful if and to the extent that consent is given or authorised by the child ' s parent or legal representative . the controller shall make reasonable efforts to obtain verifiable consent , taking into consideration available technology .


### the controller shall provide any information and any communication relating to the processing of personal data to the data subject in an intelligible form , using clear and plain language , adapted to the data subject , in particular for any information addressed specifically to a child . ### the controller shall provide any information and any communication relating to the processing of personal data to the data subject in an intelligible form , using clear and plain language , in particular for any information addressed specifically to a child .


### the period for which the personal data will be stored ; ### the criteria for determining the period for which the personal data will be stored for each purpose ;


### where applicable , that the controller intends to transfer to a third country or international organisation and on the level of protection afforded by that third country or international organisation by reference to an adequacy decision by the commission ; ### where applicable , that the controller intends to transfer to a third country or international organisation and the existence or absence of an adequacy decision by the commission ;


### any further information necessary to guarantee fair processing in respect of the data subject , having regard to the specific circumstances in which the personal data are collected . ### any further information which the controller considers necessary to guarantee fair processing in respect of the data subject , having regard to the specific circumstances in which the personal data are collected .


### the data subject shall have the right to obtain from the controller communication of the personal data undergoing processing . where the data subject makes the request in electronic form , the information shall be provided in electronic form , unless otherwise requested by the data subject . ### the data subject shall have the right to obtain from the controller communication of the personal data undergoing processing . where the data subject makes the request in electronic form , the information shall be provided in electronic form , unless otherwise requested by the data subject . the controller shall use all reasonable measures to verify the identity of a data subject requesting access to data .


### in particular , any legislative measure referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain specific provisions at least as to the objectives to be pursued by the processing and the determination of the controller . ### in particular , any legislative measure referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain specific provisions at least as to the aim of the processing , the objectives to be pursued by the processing and the determination of the controller .


### responsibility of the controller ### overall principle of responsibility of the controller .


### the controller shall implement mechanisms for ensuring that , by default , only those personal data are processed which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing and are especially not collected or retained beyond the minimum necessary for those purposes , both in terms of the amount of the data and the time of their storage . in particular , those mechanisms shall ensure that by default personal data are not made accessible to an indefinite number of individuals . ### the controller shall implement mechanisms for ensuring that , by default , only those personal data are collected for purposes which are defined , explicit and legitimate and only those personal data are processed which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing and are especially not collected or retained beyond the minimum necessary for those purposes , both in terms of the amount of the data and the time of their storage . in particular , those mechanisms shall ensure that by default personal data are not made accessible to an indefinite number of individuals .


### each controller and processor and , if any , the controller ' s representative , shall maintain documentation of all processing operations under its responsibility . ### each controller and processor and , if any , the controller ' s representative , shall maintain documentation of all processing systems and procedures under its responsibility .


### in the case of a personal data breach , the controller shall , without undue delay and , where feasible , not later than 24 hours after having become aware of it , notify the personal data breach to the supervisory authority . the notification to the supervisory authority shall be accompanied by a reasoned justification in cases where it is not made within 24 hours . ### in the case of a personal data breach which has a considerable effect on the data subject , the controller shall , without undue delay after having become aware of it , notify the personal data breach to the supervisory authority .


### the following processing operations in particular present specific risks referred to in paragraph 1 : ### the following processing operations present specific risks referred to in paragraph 1 :


### prior authorisation and prior consultation ### prior consultation


### the commission may decide that a third country , or a territory or a processing sector within that third country , or an international organisation ensures an adequate level of protection within the meaning of paragraph 2 . those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure set out in article 87 . ### the commission may decide that a third country , or a territory or a processing sector within that third country , or an international organisation ensures an adequate level of protection within the meaning of paragraph 2 .


### where the commission has taken no decision pursuant to article 41 , a controller or processor may transfer personal data to a third country or an international organisation only if the controller or processor has adduced appropriate safeguards with respect to the protection of personal data in a legally binding instrument . ### where the commission has taken no decision pursuant to article 41 , or if it finds that a third country , a region or a data processing sector in a third country , or an international organisation , does not offer a sufficient level of data protection , a controller or processor may transfer personal data to a third country or an international organisation only if the controller or processor has adduced appropriate safeguards with respect to the protection of personal data in a legally binding instrument .


### where the processing of personal data takes place in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller or a processor in the union , and the controller or processor is established in more than one member state , the supervisory authority of the main establishment of the controller or processor shall be competent for the supervision of the processing activities of the controller or the processor in all member states , without prejudice to the provisions of chapter vii of this regulation . ### in the context of the activities of a controller or a processor established in more than one member state , the supervisory authority of the member state where the main establishment of the controller or processor is situated shall be competent for the supervision of the processing activities of the controller or the processor in all member states . this supervisory authority shall be obliged to cooperate with the other supervisory authorities and with the commission , pursuant to the provisions of chapter vii of this regulation .


### where the supervisory authority concerned intends not to follow the opinion of the commission , it shall inform the commission and the european data protection board thereof within the period referred to in paragraph 1 and provide a justification . in this case the draft measure shall not be adopted for one further month . ### where the supervisory authority concerned intends not to follow the opinion of the commission , it shall inform the commission and the european data protection board thereof within the period referred to in paragraph 1 and provide a justification .


### the administrative sanction shall be in each individual case effective , proportionate and dissuasive . the amount of the administrative fine shall be fixed with due regard to the nature , gravity and duration of the breach , the intentional or negligent character of the infringement , the degree of responsibility of the natural or legal person and of previous breaches by this person , the technical and organisational measures and procedures implemented pursuant to article 23 and the degree of co - operation with the supervisory authority in order to remedy the breach . ### the administrative sanction shall be in each individual case effective , proportionate and dissuasive . the amount of the administrative fine shall be fixed with due regard to the nature , gravity and duration of the breach , the intentional or negligent character of the infringement , the particular categories of personal data , the degree of responsibility of the natural or legal person and of previous breaches by this person , the technical and organisational measures and procedures implemented pursuant to article 23 and the degree of co - operation with the supervisory authority in order to remedy the breach .


### in case of a first and non - intentional non - compliance with this regulation , a warning in writing may be given and no sanction imposed , where : a natural person is&#160 ; processing personal data without a commercial interest ; or b ) an enterprise or an organisation employing fewer than 250 persons is processing personal data only as an activity ancillary to its main activities . ### the supervisory authority may give a written warning without imposing a sanction . the supervisory authority may impose a fine of up to eur 1 000 000 for repeated , deliberate breaches or , in the case of a company , of up to 2 % of its annual worldwide turnover .


### the delegation of power referred to in article 6 , article 8 , article 9 , article 12 , article 14 , article 15 , article 17 , article 20 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , article 28 , article 30 , article 31 , article 32 , article 33 , article 34 , article 35 , article 37 , article 39 , article 43 , article 44 , article 79 , article 81 , article 82 and article 83 shall be conferred on the commission for an indeterminate period of time from the date of entry into force of this regulation . ### the power to adopt delegated acts referred to in article 8 , article 9 , article 14 , article 15 , article 17 , article 20 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , article 28 , article 30 , article 31 , article 32 , article 33 , article 34 , article 35 , article 37 , article 39 , article 43 , article 44 , article 81 , article 82 and article 83 shall be conferred on the commission for an indeterminate period of time from the date of entry into force of this regulation .


### the delegation of power referred to in article 6 , article 8 , article 9 , article 12 , article 14 , article 15 , article 17 , article 20 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , article 28 , article 30 , article 31 , article 32 , article 33 , article 34 , article 35 , article 37 , article 39 , article 43 , article 44 , article 79 , article 81 , article 82 and article 83 may be revoked at any time by the european parliament or by the council . a decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of power specified in that decision . it shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the official journal of the european union or at a later date specified therein . it shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force . ### the delegation of power referred to in article 8 , article 9 , article 14 , article 15 , article 17 , article 20 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , article 28 , article 31 , article 32 , article 33 , article 34 , article 35 , article 37 , article 39 , article 43 , article 44 , article 81 , article 82 and article 83 may be revoked at any time by the european parliament or by the council . a decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of power specified in that decision . it shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the official journal of the european union or at a later date specified therein . it shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force .


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 6 , article 8 , article 9 , article 12 , article 14 , article 15 , article 17 , article 20 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , article 28 , article 30 , article 31 , article 32 , article 33 , article 34 , article 35 , article 37 , article 39 , article 43 , article 44 , article 79 , article 81 , article 82 and article 83 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 8 , article 9 , article 14 , article 15 , article 17 , article 20 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , article 28 , article 31 , article 32 , article 33 , article 34 , article 35 , article 37 , article 39 , article 43 , article 44 , article 81 , article 82 and article 83 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### it will be important to use all available means to support pakistan ' s recovery from this emergency and progress towards future development . ### it will be important to use all available appropriate means to support pakistan ' s recovery from this emergency and progress towards future development .


### it is therefore appropriate to extend autonomous trade preferences to pakistan by suspending for a limited period of time all tariffs for certain products of export interest to pakistan . the provision of these trade preferences would not cause any meaningful adverse effects on the domestic market of the union and would not affect negatively least developed members of the world trade organisation . ### it is therefore not appropriate to extend autonomous trade preferences to pakistan the provision of these trade preferences would have significant adverse effects on the domestic market of the union , especially on the markets of member states with a strong presence and concentration of textile and manufacturing sectors , and would negatively affect least developed members of the world trade organisation in competition with pakistan for products in respect of which it is being proposed that customs duties be suspended .


### it shall apply from 1 january 2011 provided that the tariff preferences provided for in this regulation are permitted by a waiver granted by the world trade organisation . in case the world trade organisation grants such a waiver after 1 january 2011 , it shall apply from such later date on which the waiver takes effect . ### it shall apply from 1 january 2011 provided that the conditions set out in points ca and cb of article 2 have been fulfilled and provided that the tariff preferences provided for in this regulation are permitted by a waiver granted by the world trade organisation . in case the world trade organisation grants such a waiver after 1 january 2011 , it shall apply from such later date on which the waiver takes effect .


### the authentication of public documents between the member states is governed by various international conventions and agreements . those conventions and agreements predate the establishment of administrative and judicial cooperation at union level , including the adoption of sectorial union law instruments addressing the issue of cross - border acceptance of specific public documents . in any case , the requirements imposed by those instruments can be burdensome for citizens and companies or other undertakings and do not provide for satisfactory solutions for an easier acceptance of public documents between the member states . ### the verification of the veracity of public documents between the member states is governed by various international conventions and agreements . those conventions and agreements predate the establishment of administrative and judicial cooperation at union level , including the adoption of sectorial union law instruments addressing the issue of cross - border acceptance of specific public documents . in any case , the requirements imposed by those instruments can be burdensome for citizens and companies or other undertakings and do not provide for satisfactory solutions for an easier acceptance of public documents between the member states .


### the scope of this regulation should cover public documents drawn up by authorities of the member states and having formal evidentiary value relating to birth , death , name , marriage or registered partnership , parenthood , adoption , residence , citizenship , nationality , real estate , legal status and representation of a company or other undertaking , intellectual property rights and absence of a criminal record . simplification of the acceptance of these categories of public documents between the member states should bring tangible benefits to union citizens and companies or other undertakings . because of their different legal nature , documents drawn up by private persons should be excluded from its scope . documents drawn up by authorities of third countries should likewise fall outside the scope of this regulation . ### the scope of this regulation should cover public documents drawn up by authorities of the member states and having formal evidentiary value relating to birth , death , name , marriage or registered partnership , parenthood , adoption , residence , citizenship , nationality , real estate , legal status and representation of a company or other undertaking , intellectual property rights and absence of a criminal record . simplification of the acceptance of these categories of public documents between the member states should bring tangible benefits to union citizens and companies or other undertakings . because of their different legal nature , documents drawn up by private persons should be excluded from its scope . documents drawn up by authorities of third countries should likewise fall outside the scope of this regulation . the scope of this regulation should not cover documents that contain an agreement between two or more parties .


### the aim of this regulation is not to change the substantive law of the member states relating to birth , death , name , marriage , registered partnership , parenthood , adoption , residence , citizenship or nationality , real estate , legal status of a company or other undertaking , intellectual property rights or absence of a criminal record . ### this regulation does not change the substantive law of the member states relating to birth , death , name , marriage , registered partnership , parenthood , adoption , residence , citizenship or nationality , real estate , legal status of a company or other undertaking , intellectual property rights or absence of a criminal record .


### appropriate safeguards for the prevention of fraud and forgery of public documents circulating between the member states should be established . ### appropriate safeguards for the prevention of fraud and forgery of public documents circulating between the member states should be established in order to ensure legal certainty in the european union .


### this regulation applies to the acceptance of public documents which have to be presented to the authorities of another member state . ### this regulation applies to the acceptance of public documents that are to be presented to the authorities of another member state .


### authorities shall accept non - certified translations of public documents issued by the authorities of other member states . 2 . where an authority has reasonable doubt as to the correctness or quality of the translation of a public document presented to it in an individual case , it may require a certified translation of that public document . in such a case , the authority shall accept certified translations established in other member states . ### authorities shall accept certified translations of public documents issued by the authorities of other member states .


### where the authorities of a member state in which a public document or its certified copy is presented have reasonable doubt as to their authenticity , which cannot be otherwise resolved , they may submit a request for information to the relevant authorities of the member state where these documents were issued , either by using the internal market information system referred in article 8 directly , or by contacting the central authority of their member state . ### where the authorities of a member state in which a public document or its certified copy is presented have reasonable doubt as to their authenticity , after thorough examination , they may submit a request for information to the relevant authorities of the member state where these documents were issued , either by using the internal market information system referred in article 8 directly , or by contacting the central authority of their member state .


### the reasonable doubt referred to in paragraph 1 may relate , in particular , to : ### the reasonable doubt referred to in paragraph 1 – and based on a thorough and objective examination – may relate , in particular , to :


### the authorities shall reply to such requests within the shortest possible period of time and in any case not exceeding one month . ### the authorities shall reply to such requests within the shortest possible period of time and in any case not exceeding one month . the absence of a reply shall be deemed to be confirmation of the authenticity of the public document or certified copy thereof .


### raising citizens’ awareness of the impact of infringements of intellectual property rights ; ### raising citizens’ awareness of the impact of infringements of intellectual property rights by promoting information campaigns in all member states ;


### collecting , analysing and disseminating relevant objective , comparable and reliable data regarding the economic value of intellectual property and its contribution to economic growth , welfare , innovation , creativity , cultural diversity , the creation of high quality jobs and the development of high quality products and services within the union ; ### collecting , analysing and disseminating relevant objective , comparable and reliable data regarding the economic value of intellectual property and its contribution to economic growth , welfare , innovation , creativity , cultural and linguistic diversity , the creation of high quality jobs and the development of high quality products and services within the union ;


### collecting , analysing and disseminating information regarding best practices between the representatives meeting as the observatory , and developing strategies based on such practices ; ### collecting , analysing and disseminating information regarding best practices between the representatives meeting as the observatory and the member states’ competent bodies , and developing and disseminating strategies based on such practices ;


### drawing up reports and publications to raise awareness of the union ' s citizens of the impact of infringements of intellectual property rights , and organising conferences , on - line and off - line campaigns , events and meetings at european and international levels ; ### drawing up reports and publications to raise awareness of the union ' s citizens of the impact of infringements of intellectual property rights as regards both community trade marks and national trade marks , and organising conferences , on - line and off - line campaigns , events and meetings at european and international levels ;


### the office shall invite to the meetings referred to in point of article 2 representatives from public administrations , bodies and organisations dealing with the protection of intellectual property rights and representatives from the private sector . ### the office shall invite to the meetings referred to in point of article 2 representatives from public administrations , bodies and organisations of the member states dealing with the protection of intellectual property rights and representatives from the private sector .


### the office shall invite to the meetings referred to in point of article 2 representatives from public administrations , bodies and organisations dealing with the protection of intellectual property rights and representatives from the private sector . ### the office shall invite to the meetings referred to in point of article 2 representatives from public administrations , academic circles , bodies and organisations dealing with the protection of intellectual property rights and representatives from the private sector .


### gender equality and women ' s rights are fundamental human rights and a question of social justice and their promotion is a strong component of this regulation . ### gender equality and women ' s rights count among the values and principles that underpin eu foreign policy . the promotion of women’s rights and the principles of gender equality and non - discrimination are the cornerstone of this regulation and the concrete , unequivocal expression of the union’s commitment to upholding human rights and fundamental freedoms .


### furthermore , whilst democracy and human rights objectives must be increasingly mainstreamed in all external assistance financing instruments , union assistance under this regulation will have a specific complementary and additional role by virtue of its global nature and its independence of action from the consent of third country governments and other public authorities . this will allow for cooperation with civil society on sensitive human rights and democracy issues possible , providing the flexibility to respond to changing circumstances . it should also provide union capacity to articulate and support specific objectives and measures at international level which are neither geographically linked nor crisis related and which may require a transnational approach or involve operations both within the union and in a range of third countries . moreover , it will provide the necessary framework for operations , such as support for independent european union election observation missions requiring policy coherence , a unified management system and common operating standards . ### furthermore , whilst democracy and human rights objectives must be increasingly mainstreamed in all external assistance financing instruments , union assistance under this regulation will have a specific complementary and additional role by virtue of its global nature and its independence of action from the consent of third country governments and other public authorities . this will allow for cooperation with civil society on sensitive issues concerning human rights , fundamental freedoms , women’s rights , the principles of gender equality and non - discrimination and democracy , providing the flexibility to respond to changing circumstances . it should also provide union capacity to articulate and support specific objectives and measures at international level which are neither geographically linked nor crisis related and which may require a transnational approach or involve operations both within the union and in a range of third countries . moreover , it will provide the necessary framework for operations , such as support for independent european union election observation missions requiring policy coherence , a unified management system and common operating standards .


### furthermore , whilst democracy and human rights objectives must be increasingly mainstreamed in all external assistance financing instruments , union assistance under this regulation will have a specific complementary and additional role by virtue of its global nature and its independence of action from the consent of third country governments and other public authorities . this will allow for cooperation with civil society on sensitive human rights and democracy issues possible , providing the flexibility to respond to changing circumstances . it should also provide union capacity to articulate and support specific objectives and measures at international level which are neither geographically linked nor crisis related and which may require a transnational approach or involve operations both within the union and in a range of third countries . moreover , it will provide the necessary framework for operations , such as support for independent european union election observation missions requiring policy coherence , a unified management system and common operating standards . ### furthermore , whilst democracy and human rights and gender equality objectives must be increasingly mainstreamed in all external assistance financing instruments , union assistance under this regulation will have a specific complementary and additional role by virtue of its global nature and its independence of action from the consent of third country governments and other public authorities . this will allow for cooperation with civil society on sensitive human rights and democracy issues possible , providing the flexibility to respond to changing circumstances . it should also provide union capacity to articulate and support specific objectives and measures at international level which are neither geographically linked nor crisis related and which may require a transnational approach or involve operations both within the union and in a range of third countries . moreover , it will provide the necessary framework for operations , such as support for independent european union election observation missions requiring policy coherence , a unified management system and common operating standards .


### enhancing the respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms , as proclaimed in the universal declaration of human rights and other international and regional human rights instruments , and strengthening their protection , promotion and monitoring , mainly through support to relevant civil society organisations , human rights defenders and victims of repression and abuse ; ### enhancing the respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms , as proclaimed in the universal declaration of human rights and other international and regional human rights instruments , and strengthening their protection , promotion and monitoring , mainly through support to relevant civil society organisations , human rights defenders and victims of repression and abuse , and particularly protection of the most vulnerable groups in the event of security , humanitarian and / or food urgency situations , including women and girls .


### promoting the equal participation of men and women in social , economic and political life , and supporting equality of opportunity , and the participation and political representation of women ; ### promoting the participation of women in social , economic and political life , respect for women’s rights , male - female parity in economic and political decision - making positions , the active participation and involvement of women in processes of political transition , democratisation and state - building , with a particular attention to situations where women suffer violence and discrimination in third countries .


### the rights of women as proclaimed in the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and its optional protocols , including measures to combat female genital mutilation , forced marriages , crimes of honour , trafficking , and any other form of violence against women ; ### promotion of the rights of women as proclaimed in the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and its optional protocols , including measures to protect women and girls against violence and discrimination , particularly female genital mutilation , forced marriages , crimes of honour , trafficking of women and girls for commercial sexual exploitation , domestic violence , spousal abuse and economic and other forms of violence ;


### the rights of women as proclaimed in the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and its optional protocols , including measures to combat female genital mutilation , forced marriages , crimes of honour , trafficking , and any other form of violence against women ; ### the rights of women as proclaimed in the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and its optional protocols , including measures to combat female genital mutilation , forced and arranged marriages , dowry - related violence , crimes of honour , trafficking , and any other form of violence against women ;


### the rights of the child , as proclaimed in the convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols , including the fight against child labour , child trafficking and child prostitution , and the recruitment and use of child soldiers ; ### the rights of the child , as proclaimed in the convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols , including the fight against child labour , child trafficking and abuse for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation , and the recruitment and use of child soldiers ;


### the rights of the child , as proclaimed in the convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols , including the fight against child labour , child trafficking and child prostitution , and the recruitment and use of child soldiers ; ### the rights of the child , as proclaimed in the convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols , including the fight against child labour , child trafficking and child prostitution , sexualisation of girls and the recruitment and use of child soldiers ;


### education , training and monitoring in the area of human rights and democracy , and in the area covered by point ; ### education , training and monitoring in the area of human rights and democracy , and in the area covered by point ; these measures play a particularly important role in promoting the active participation of women in political , economic and social life by enhancing their skills ;


### support for local , regional , national or international civil society organisations involved in the protection , promotion or defence of human rights and in measures referred to in point ; ### support for local , regional , national or international civil society organisations , particularly women’s or youth organisations , involved in the protection , promotion or defence of human rights , fundamental freedoms and women’s rights and in measures referred to in point ;


### the promotion and protection of gender equality , the rights of the child , rights of indigenous peoples , rights of persons with disabilities , and principles such as empowerment , participation , non - discrimination of vulnerable groups and accountability shall be taken into account whenever relevant for all assistance measures referred to in this regulation . ### the promotion and protection of gender equality , women’s rights , the rights of the child , rights of indigenous peoples , rights of persons with disabilities , and principles such as empowerment , participation , non - discrimination of vulnerable groups and accountability shall be taken into account for all assistance measures referred to in this regulation .


### the assistance measures shall take into account the specific features of crisis or urgency situations and countries or situations where there is a serious lack of fundamental freedoms , where human security is most at risk or where human rights organisations and defenders operate under the most difficult conditions . ### the assistance measures shall take into account the specific features of crisis or urgency situations and countries or situations where there is a serious lack of fundamental freedoms , where human security is most at risk or where human rights organisations and defenders operate under the most difficult conditions , paying particular attention to the situation of women and girls since they are a particularly vulnerable group .


### ' bunkering ' means the provision of solid , liquid or gaseous fuel or any other energy source used for the propulsion of the waterborne vessel as well as for general and specific energy provision on board of the waterborne vessel whilst at berth ; ### ' bunkering ' means the provision of solid , liquid or gaseous fuel or any other energy source used for the propulsion of the waterborne vessel as well as for general and specific energy provision on board of the waterborne vessel ;


### ' public service obligation ' means a requirement defined or determined in order to ensure the provision of those port services in the general interest that an operator , if it were considering its own commercial interests , would not assume or would not assume to the same extent or under the same conditions ; ### ' public service obligation ' means an obligation designed to ensure the provision of those port services in the general interest that an operator , if it were considering its own commercial interests , would not assume or would not assume to the same extent or under the same conditions ;


### the compliance with requirements on the maritime safety or the safety and security of the port or access to it , its installations , equipment and persons ; ### the compliance with requirements on the maritime safety or the safety and security of the port or access to it , its installations , equipment , workers and persons ;