### fet shall promote research beyond what is known , accepted or widely adopted and shall foster novel and visionary thinking to open promising paths towards powerful new technologies , some of which could develop into leading technological and intellectual paradigms for the decades ahead . fet shall foster efforts to pursue small - scale research opportunities across all areas , including emerging themes and grand scientific and technological challenges that require federation and collaboration between programmes across europe and beyond . this approach shall be driven by excellence and extends to exploring pre - competitive ideas for shaping the future of technology , enabling society to benefit from multi - disciplinary research collaboration that needs to be engaged at european level by making the link between research driven by science and research driven by societal challenges or by industrial competitiveness . ### fet shall promote research beyond what is known , accepted or widely adopted and shall foster novel and visionary thinking to open promising paths towards powerful new technologies , some of which could develop into leading technological and intellectual paradigms for the decades ahead . fet shall foster efforts to pursue small - scale research opportunities across all areas , including emerging themes and grand scientific and technological challenges that require federation and collaboration between programmes across europe and beyond . this approach shall be driven by excellence and extends to exploring pre - competitive ideas for shaping the future of technology , enabling society to benefit from multi - disciplinary research collaboration that needs to be engaged at european level by making the link between research driven by science and research driven by societal goals and challenges or by industrial competitiveness .


### this part aims to speed up development of the technologies and innovations that will underpin tomorrow ' s businesses and help innovative european smes to grow into world - leading companies . it consists of three specific objectives : ### this part aims to speed up development of the technologies and innovations that will underpin tomorrow ' s businesses and help innovative european smes to grow into world - leading companies . special attention shall be paid to promoting ' innovation consumption ' , that is knowledge and technology transfer from public research centres to companies , especially smes , public organisations and citizens with entrepreneurial capacity . it consists of three specific objectives :


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , quantum technology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on key - enabling technologies , such as ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , water technologies , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , quantum optics , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing , robotics and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . appropriate consideration shall be given to the needs of users in all these areas , in both the public and private spheres .


### access to risk finance shall aim to overcome deficits in the availability of debt and equity finance for r&d and innovation - driven companies and projects at all stages of development . together with the equity instrument of the programme for the competitiveness of enterprises and smes , it shall support the development of union - level venture capital . ### access to risk finance shall aim to overcome deficits in the availability of debt and equity finance for r&d and innovation - driven companies and projects at all stages of development . together with the equity instrument of the programme for the competitiveness of enterprises and smes , it shall support the development of union - level early stage funding and venture capital .


### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials ### climate action , resource efficiency and conservation , and sustainable use of raw materials


### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials ; ### climate and water action , resource efficiency and sustainable use of raw materials ;


### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials ### climate and water action , resource efficiency and sustainable use of raw materials ;


### this part responds directly to the policy priorities and societal challenges identified in the europe 2020 strategy and aiming to stimulate the critical mass of research and innovation efforts needed to achieve union ' s policy goals . funding shall be focused on the following specific objectives : ### this part responds directly to the policy priorities and societal challenges identified in the europe 2020 strategy and aiming to stimulate the critical mass of research and innovation efforts needed to achieve union ' s policy goals . here too the main focus shall be on collaborative projects . funding shall be focused on the following specific objectives :


### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials ; ### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials and security of supply ;


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines and research infrastructures in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations .


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , in which basic science , applied research , knowledge transfer and innovation are equally important and interlinked components , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations , including standardisation at all stages .


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , enabling access to world - class research infrastructures , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement and pre - commercial procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations .


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges as it can be done through the setup of institutional public - private partnerships . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities shall be a horizontal dimension and an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ .


### the eit shall play a major role by bringing together excellent research , education and innovation thus integrating the knowledge triangle . the eit shall do so primarily through the knowledge and innovation communities . in addition it shall ensure that experiences are shared beyond the kics through targeted dissemination and knowledge sharing measures , thereby promoting a faster uptake of innovation models across the union . ### the eit shall play a major role by bringing together excellent research , education and innovation thus integrating the knowledge triangle . the eit shall do so primarily through the knowledge and innovation communities . in addition it shall ensure that experiences are shared between and beyond the kics through targeted dissemination and knowledge sharing measures , thereby promoting a faster uptake of innovation models across the union .


### smart , green and integrated transport ### smart , green , secure and integrated transport


### climate action , resource efficiency and raw materials ### climate action , resource efficiency , environmental protection , protection of cultural heritage and raw materials


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### food security , sustainable agriculture and forestry , marine and maritime research and bio - economy


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### food security , sustainable agriculture and forestry , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### food safety and security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### european bio - economy challenges : food security including safety , sustainable agriculture and forestry , marine and maritime research


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### european bioeconomy challenges : food security , sustainable agriculture , forestry , marine , maritime and freshwater research


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### bioeconomy : food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and bio - based industries


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### food security , sustainable agriculture , productive seas and oceans through sustainable fisheries and aquaculture and the bio - economy


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### food security , sustainable agriculture , sustainable and productive seas and oceans , and the bio - economy


### the jrc ' s key competence areas will be energy , transport , environment and climate change , agriculture and food security , health and consumer protection , information and communication technologies , reference materials , and safety and security . ### the jrc ' s key competence areas will be energy , transport , environment and climate change , agriculture and food security , health and consumer protection , information and communication technologies , reference materials , and safety and security . the jrc activities in these areas will be conducted taking into account relevant initiatives at the level of regions , member states or the eu , within the perspectives of shaping the european research area .


### anticipation and foresight - pro - active strategic intelligence on trends and events in science , technology and society and their possible implications for public policy . ### anticipation and foresight &#8211 ; pro - active strategic intelligence on trends and events in science , the environment , technology and society and their possible implications for public policy and individuals .


### support the 20 / 20 / 20 climate and energy targets with research on technological and economic aspects of energy supply , efficiency , low - carbon technologies , energy / electricity transmission networks . ### support the 20 / 20 / 20 climate and energy targets with research on technological and economic aspects of energy supply , efficiency , low - emission technologies , energy / electricity transmission networks .


### support the union ' s policy for the sustainable , safe and secure mobility of persons and goods with laboratory studies , modelling and monitoring approaches , including low carbon technologies for transport , such as electrification , clean and efficient vehicles and alternative fuels , and smart mobility systems . ### support the union ' s policy for the sustainable , safe and secure mobility of persons and goods with laboratory studies , modelling and monitoring approaches , including low emission technologies for transport , such as electrification , clean and efficient vehicles and alternative fuels , and smart mobility systems .


### enhance the union capacity for managing natural and man - made disasters by strengthening the monitoring of infrastructures and the development of global multi - hazard early warning and risk management information systems , making use of satellite - based earth observation frameworks . ### enhance the union’s capacity for managing natural and man - made disasters by strengthening the monitoring of infrastructures and the development of test facilities , global multi - hazard early warning and risk management information systems , making use of satellite - based earth observation frameworks .


### support the development , implementation and monitoring of european agriculture and fisheries policies , including food safety and security and the development of a bio - economy through e . g . crop production forecasts , technical and socio - economic analyses and modelling . ### support the development , implementation and monitoring of european agriculture , fisheries and aquaculture policies , including food safety and security and the development of a bio - economy through e . g . crop production forecasts , technical and socio - economic analyses , modelling and scientific and technical basis of fisheries management


### europe is confronted with major socio - economic challenges which significantly affect its future - such as growing economic and cultural interdependencies , ageing , social exclusion and poverty , inequalities and migration flows , closing the digital divide , fostering a culture of innovation and creativity in society and enterprises , as well ensuring security and freedom , trust in democratic institutions and between citizens within and across borders . these challenges are enormous and they call for a common european approach . ### europe is confronted with major socio - economic challenges which significantly affect its future - such as growing economic and cultural interdependencies , ageing and demographic change , social exclusion and poverty , inequalities and migration flows , closing the digital divide , fostering a culture of science , innovation and creativity in society and enterprises , as well ensuring security and freedom , trust in democratic institutions and between citizens within and across borders , foster political and civic inclusion , enhance the understanding of the european public sphere , and support the communication and rapport of european societies across national , racial , linguistic , religious , technological and social barriers . these challenges are enormous and they call for a common european approach .


### in order to build inclusive , innovative and secure societies , europe requires a response which implies to develop new knowledge , technologies and capabilities as well as the identification of policy options . such endeavour will help europe tackle its challenges not only internally but also as a global player on the international scene . this , in turn , will also help member states benefit from experiences elsewhere and allow them to better define their own specific actions corresponding to their respective contexts . ### in order to build inclusive , innovative and reflective societies , europe requires a response which implies to develop new knowledge , technologies and capabilities as well as the identification of policy options . such endeavour will help europe tackle its challenges not only internally but also as a global player on the international scene . this , in turn , will also help member states benefit from experiences elsewhere and allow them to better define their own specific actions corresponding to their respective contexts .


### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . ### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations , exclusions and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities , political and social exclusion , discrimination based on sex , racial or ethnic origin , language , religion or belief , disability , or age , or digital , information , education or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 .


### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared . ### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for coordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . particular innovation efforts should be focused on agricultural uses of water resources , bearing in mind the sector’s growing water needs and the fact that periods of severe drought are occurring more frequently and spreading over increasingly vast parts of the world , including for example mediterranean europe . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared .


### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . ### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure especially considering poor waste cycle management . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union .


### the focus of union actions shall therefore be on supporting key union objectives and policies including : the europe 2020 strategy ; the innovation union ; resource - efficient europe and the corresponding roadmap ; the roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 ; adapting to climate change : towards a european framework for action ; the raw materials initiative ; the union ' s sustainable development strategy ; an integrated maritime policy for the union ; the marine strategy framework directive ; the eco - innovation action plan and the digital agenda for europe . these actions shall reinforce the ability of society to become more resilient to environmental and climate change and ensure the availability of raw materials . ### the focus of union actions shall therefore be on supporting key union objectives and policies including : the europe 2020 strategy ; the innovation union ; resource - efficient europe and the corresponding roadmap ; the roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 ; adapting to climate change : towards a european framework for action ; the raw materials initiative ; the union ' s sustainable development strategy ; an integrated maritime policy for the union ; the marine strategy framework directive ; the eco - innovation action plan and the 7th environmental action programme . these actions shall reinforce the ability of society to become more resilient to environmental and climate change and ensure the availability of raw materials .


### given the transnational and global nature of the climate and the environment , their scale and complexity , and the international dimension of the raw materials supply chain , activities have to be carried out at the union level and beyond . the multi - disciplinary character of the necessary research requires pooling complementary knowledge and resources in order to effectively tackle this challenge . reducing resource use and environmental impacts , whilst increasing competitiveness , will require a decisive societal and technological transition to an economy based on a sustainable relationship between nature and human well - being . coordinated research and innovation activities will improve the understanding and forecasting of climate and environmental change in a systemic and cross - sectoral perspective , reduce uncertainties , identify and assess vulnerabilities , risks , costs and opportunities , as well as expand the range and improve the effectiveness of societal and policy responses and solutions . actions will also seek to empower actors at all levels of society to actively participate in this process . ### given the transnational and global nature of the climate and the environment , their scale and complexity , and the international dimension of the raw materials supply chain , activities have to be carried out at the union level and beyond . the multi - disciplinary character of the necessary research requires pooling complementary knowledge and resources in order to effectively tackle this challenge . reducing resource use and environmental impacts , whilst increasing competitiveness , will require a decisive societal and technological transition to a sustainable economy based on a mutually beneficial relationship between biodiversity and the human population . coordinated research and innovation activities will improve the understanding and forecasting of climate and environmental change in a systemic and cross - sectoral perspective , reduce uncertainties , identify and assess vulnerabilities , risks , costs and opportunities , as well as expand the range and improve the effectiveness of societal and policy responses and solutions . actions will also seek to empower actors at all levels of society to actively participate in this process .


### fighting and adapting to climate change the aim is to develop and assess innovative , cost - effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures , targeting both co2 and non - co2 greenhouse gases , and underlining both technological and non - technological green solutions , through the generation of evidence for informed , early and effective action and the networking of the required competences . activities shall focus on : improving the understanding of climate change and the provision of reliable climate projections ; assessing impacts , vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures ; supporting mitigation policies . ### fighting and adapting to climate change the aim is to develop and assess innovative , cost - effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures and strategies , targeting both co2 and non - co2 greenhouse gases and particles , and underlining both technological and non - technological green solutions , through the generation of evidence for informed , early and effective action and the networking of the required competences . activities shall focus on : improving the understanding of climate change and the risks associated with extreme events and abrupt changes through the provision of reliable climate projections ; understanding the ozone - climate interactions and the water cycle in the atmosphere ; assessing impacts at global , regional and local level , vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures , including threats to cultural heritage ; supporting mitigation policies and defining fast - action strategies for climate responses within few decades .


### the aim is to provide knowledge for the management of natural resources that achieves a sustainable balance between limited resources and the needs of society and the economy . activities shall focus on : furthering our understanding of the functioning of ecosystems , their interactions with social systems and their role in sustaining the economy and human well - being ; and providing knowledge and tools for effective decision making and public engagement . ### the aim is to provide knowledge for the management of natural resources that achieves a sustainable balance between limited resources and the needs of society and the economy . activities shall focus on : ensuring action to safeguard the sustainable transition , management and use of water resources and water services , furthering our understanding of the functioning of ecosystems , including the regulatory role played by oceans and forests to prevent global warming , their interactions with social systems and their role in sustaining the economy and human well - being ; and providing knowledge and tools for effective decision making and public engagement .


### developing comprehensive and sustained global environmental observation and information systems the aim is to ensure the delivery of the long - term data and information required to address this challenge . activities shall focus on the capabilities , technologies and data infrastructures for earth observation and monitoring that can continuously provide timely and accurate information , forecasts and projections . free , open and unrestricted access to interoperable data and information will be encouraged ### developing comprehensive and sustained global environmental observation and information systems the aim is to ensure the delivery of the long - term data and information required to address this challenge . activities shall focus on the capabilities , technologies and data infrastructures for earth observation and monitoring from both remote sensing and in situ measurements that can continuously provide timely accurate information and permit forecasts and projections . free , open and unrestricted access to interoperable data and information will be encouraged .


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource - and water - efficient and climate change resilient economy and society , protection of the environment and a sustainable supply of raw materials and ecosystem services , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources and ecosystems . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness , raw materials security and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity , resilience and sustainability with the aim of keeping average global warming below 2 c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change and other environmental changes


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient , secure and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change .


### the growing impacts from climate change and environmental problems , such as ocean acidification , ice melting in the arctic , land degradation and use , water shortages , chemical pollution and biodiversity loss , indicate that the planet is approaching its sustainability boundaries . for example , without improvements in efficiency , water demand is projected to overshoot supply by 40 % in 20 years time . forests are disappearing at an alarmingly high rate of 5 million hectares per year . interactions between resources can cause systemic risks – with the depletion of one resource generating an irreversible tipping point for other resources and ecosystems . based on current trends , the equivalent of more than two planet earths will be needed by 2050 to support the growing global population . ### the growing impacts from climate change and environmental problems , such as ocean acidification , changes in ocean circulation , increase of seawater temperature , ice melting in the arctic and decreased seawater salinity , land degradation and use , water shortages , hydrological anomalies , rainfall temporal and spatial heterogeneity , changes in spatial distribution of species , chemical pollution and biodiversity loss , indicate that the planet is approaching its sustainability boundaries . for example , without improvements in efficiency , water demand is projected to overshoot supply by 40 % in 20 years time . forests are disappearing at an alarmingly high rate of 5 million hectares per year . interactions between resources can cause systemic risks – with the depletion of one resource generating an irreversible tipping point for other resources and ecosystems . based on current trends , the equivalent of more than two planet earths will be needed by 2050 to support the growing global population .


### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . ### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials and energy . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union .


### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . ### the sustainable supply , resource efficient and secure management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union .


### meeting union and international targets for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations and coping with climate change impacts requires the development and deployment of cost - effective technologies , and mitigation and adaptation measures . union and global policy frameworks must ensure that ecosystems and biodiversity are protected , valued and appropriately restored in order to preserve their ability to provide resources and services in the future . research and innovation can help secure reliable and sustainable access to raw materials and ensure a significant reduction in resource use and wastage . ### meeting union and international targets for greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations and coping with climate change impacts requires a transition towards a low - carbon society and the development and deployment of cost - effective technologies , and mitigation and adaptation measures , and a stronger understanding of societal responses to these challenges , including the identification of economical and societal locks . union and global policy frameworks must ensure that ecosystems and biodiversity are protected , valued and appropriately managed and eventually restored in order to preserve their ability to provide resources and services in the future . research and innovation can help secure reliable and sustainable access to and exploitation of raw materials on land and sea bed and ensure a significant reduction in resource use and wastage .


### given the transnational and global nature of the climate and the environment , their scale and complexity , and the international dimension of the raw materials supply chain , activities have to be carried out at the union level and beyond . the multi - disciplinary character of the necessary research requires pooling complementary knowledge and resources in order to effectively tackle this challenge . reducing resource use and environmental impacts , whilst increasing competitiveness , will require a decisive societal and technological transition to an economy based on a sustainable relationship between nature and human well - being . coordinated research and innovation activities will improve the understanding and forecasting of climate and environmental change in a systemic and cross - sectoral perspective , reduce uncertainties , identify and assess vulnerabilities , risks , costs and opportunities , as well as expand the range and improve the effectiveness of societal and policy responses and solutions . actions will also seek to empower actors at all levels of society to actively participate in this process . ### given the transnational and global nature of the climate and the environment , their scale and complexity , and the international dimension of the raw materials supply chain , activities have to be carried out at the union level and beyond . the multi - disciplinary character of the necessary research requires pooling complementary knowledge and resources in order to effectively tackle this challenge . reducing resource use and environmental impacts , whilst increasing competitiveness , will require a decisive societal and technological transition to an economy based on a sustainable relationship between nature and human well - being . water challenges include water use in rural , urban and industrial environments and the protection of aquatic ecosystems . coordinated research and innovation activities will improve the understanding and forecasting of climate and environmental change in a systemic and cross - sectoral perspective , reduce uncertainties , identify and assess vulnerabilities , risks , costs and opportunities , as well as expand the range and improve the effectiveness of societal and policy responses and solutions . actions will also seek to empower actors at all levels of society to actively participate in this process .


### the aim is to develop and assess innovative , cost - effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures , targeting both co2 and non - co2 greenhouse gases , and underlining both technological and non - technological green solutions , through the generation of evidence for informed , early and effective action and the networking of the required competences . activities shall focus on : improving the understanding of climate change and the provision of reliable climate projections ; assessing impacts , vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures ; supporting mitigation policies . ### the aim is to develop and assess innovative , cost - effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures , targeting co2 and non - co2 greenhouse gases , rising levels of sea and inland waters ; and underlining both technological and non - technological green solutions , through the generation of evidence for informed , early and effective action and the networking of the required competences . activities shall focus on : improving the understanding of climate change and the provision of reliable climate projections ; assessing impacts , vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures ; supporting mitigation policies . besides com 811 , part iii , 5 . 1 . 1 . and 5 . 1 . 2 . this issue also needs to be addressed here .


### the aim is to develop and assess innovative , cost - effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures , targeting both co2 and non - co2 greenhouse gases , and underlining both technological and non - technological green solutions , through the generation of evidence for informed , early and effective action and the networking of the required competences . activities shall focus on : improving the understanding of climate change and the provision of reliable climate projections ; assessing impacts , vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures ; supporting mitigation policies . ### the aim is to develop and assess innovative , cost - effective and sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures , targeting both co2 and non - co2 greenhouse gases , and underlining both technological and non - technological green solutions , through the generation of evidence for informed , early and effective action and the networking of the required competences . activities shall focus on : improving the understanding of climate change and the provision of reliable climate projections ; assessing impacts , vulnerabilities and developing innovative cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention and management measures in key socio - economic sectors ; supporting mitigation policies .


### sustainably managing natural resources and ecosystems ### sustainably and securely managing natural resources and ecosystems


### the aim is to foster all forms of eco - innovation that enable the transition to a green economy . activities shall focus on : strengthening eco - innovative technologies , processes , services and products and boosting their market uptake and replication , with special attention for smes ; supporting innovative policies and societal changes ; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy ; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems . ### the aim is to foster all forms of eco - innovation that enable the transition to a green economy . activities shall focus on : strengthening eco - innovative technologies , processes , services and products and boosting their market uptake and replication , with special attention for smes ; developing eco - innovative strategies , methodologies and tools for the preservation of cultural heritage in europe ; supporting innovative policies and societal changes ; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy ; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems .


### the aim is to foster all forms of eco - innovation that enable the transition to a green economy . activities shall focus on : strengthening eco - innovative technologies , processes , services and products and boosting their market uptake and replication , with special attention for smes ; supporting innovative policies and societal changes ; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy ; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems . ### the aim is to foster all forms of eco - innovation that enable the transition to a green economy . activities shall focus on : strengthening eco - innovative technologies , processes , services and products and boosting their market uptake at competitive prices and replication , with special attention for smes ; supporting innovative policies and societal changes ; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy ; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems .


### sustainable agriculture and forestry ### sustainable and competitive agriculture and forestry


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality healthy food and other bio - based products , avoiding the current over - exploitation of ecosystems , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production and food processing systems which respect biodiversity , bringing together quantitative et qualitative approaches , alongside competitive and low carbon supply chains .


### over the coming decades , europe will be challenged by increased competition for limited and finite natural resources , by the effects of climate change , in particular on primary production systems and by the need to provide a sustainable , safe and secure food supply for the european and an increasing global population . a 70 % increase of the world food supply is estimated to be required to feed the 9 billion global population by 2050 . agriculture accounts for about 10 % of union greenhouse gases emissions , and while declining in europe , global emissions from agriculture are projected to increase up to 20 % by 2030 . furthermore , europe will need to ensure sufficient supplies of raw materials , energy and industrial products , under conditions of decreasing fossil carbon resources , while maintaining its competitiveness . bio - waste represents a huge problem and cost , despite its high potential added value . for example , an estimated 30 % of all food produced in developed countries is discarded . major changes are needed to reduce this amount by 50 % in the union by 2030 . in addition , national borders are irrelevant in the spread of animal and plant pests and diseases , including zoonotic diseases , and food borne pathogens . while effective national prevention measures are needed , action at union level is essential for ultimate control and the effective running of the single market . the challenge is complex , affects a broad range of interconnected sectors and requires a plurality of approaches . ### over the coming decades , europe will be challenged by increased competition for limited and finite natural resources , by the effects of climate change , in particular on primary production systems and by the need to provide a sustainable , safe and secure food supply for the european and an increasing global population . a 70 % increase of the world food supply is estimated to be required to feed the 9 billion global population by 2050 . this food emergency does not justify the current imbalance between often surplus national production levels and the steady rise in food imports , nor does it provide a reason for the increasing complexity of the global food network . hence the importance of the european union having better control of the supply circuits , taking into account , as a matter of priority , seasonal cycles , the origin of products and the ability to track food . agriculture accounts for about 10 % of union greenhouse gases emissions , and while declining in europe , global emissions from agriculture are projected to increase up to 20 % by 2030 . furthermore , europe will need to ensure sufficient supplies of raw materials , energy and industrial products , under conditions of decreasing fossil carbon resources , while maintaining its competitiveness . bio - waste represents a huge problem and cost , despite its high potential added value . for example , an estimated 30 % of all food produced in developed countries is discarded . major changes are needed to reduce this amount by 50 % in the union by 2030 . in addition , national borders are irrelevant in the spread of animal and plant pests and diseases , including zoonotic diseases , and food borne pathogens . while effective national land monitoring , territorial care and prevention measures are needed , action at union level is essential for ultimate control and the effective running of the single market . the challenge is complex , affects a broad range of interconnected sectors and requires a plurality of approaches .


### more and more biological resources are needed to satisfy market demand for a secure and healthy food supply , bio - materials , biofuels and bio - based products , ranging from consumer products to bulk chemicals . however the capacities of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems required for their production are limited , while there are competing claims for their utilisation , and often not optimally managed , as shown for example by a severe decline in soil carbon content and fertility . there is under - utilised scope for fostering ecosystem services from farmland , forests , marine and fresh waters by integrating agronomic and environmental goals into sustainable production . ### more and more biological resources are needed to satisfy market demand for a secure and healthy food supply , bio - materials , biofuels and bio - based products , ranging from consumer products to bulk chemicals . however the capacities of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems required for their production are limited , while there are competing claims for their utilisation , and often not optimally managed , as shown for example by a severe decline in soil carbon content and fertility . there is under - utilised scope for fostering ecosystem resilience and services from farmland , forests , marine and fresh waters by integrating agronomic and environmental goals into sustainable production .


### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union . ### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , feed , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . in parallel to the market oriented functions , the bio - economy sustains also a wide range of public goods function that should be preserved : agricultural and forested landscape , farmland and forest biodiversity , water quality and availability , soil functionality , climate stability , air quality , resilience to flooding and fire . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a transparent multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors , consumers and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union .


### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . ### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for good quality , safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution as well as food consumption more sustainable and the food sector more competitive while preserving european biodiversity . . the activities shall focus on good quality , a broad diversity of healthy , authentic , high quality and safe foods for all , better food information to consumers , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and additives and produce less by products , waste and green - house gases .


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and sustainable supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy .


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient and secure primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy .


### more and more biological resources are needed to satisfy market demand for a secure and healthy food supply , bio - materials , biofuels and bio - based products , ranging from consumer products to bulk chemicals . however the capacities of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems required for their production are limited , while there are competing claims for their utilisation , and often not optimally managed , as shown for example by a severe decline in soil carbon content and fertility . there is under - utilised scope for fostering ecosystem services from farmland , forests , marine and fresh waters by integrating agronomic and environmental goals into sustainable production . ### more and more biological resources are needed to satisfy market demand for a secure and healthy food supply , bio - materials , biofuels and bio - based products , ranging from consumer products to bulk chemicals . however the capacities of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems required for their production are limited , while there are competing claims for their utilisation , and often not optimally managed , as shown for example by a severe decline in soil carbon content and fertility . there is under - utilised scope for fostering ecosystem services from farmland , forests , marine and fresh waters by integrating agronomic and environmental goals into sustainable and secure production .


### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services , zero - waste and adequate societal value . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond . ### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services , zero waste and adequate societal value . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond . to that end , and especially as regards twinning and networking of researchers and innovators , the specific circumstances of the outermost regions must be taken into account .


### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services , zero - waste and adequate societal value . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond . ### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services and zero - waste and adequate societal value . responses to the way we generate , distribute , market , consume and regulate food production must be better understood and developed . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond .


### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union . ### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness , enhance europe ' s self - reliance and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union .


### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union . ### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable and secure production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union .


### the aim is to supply sufficient food , feed , biomass and other raw - materials , while safeguarding natural resources and enhancing ecosystems services , including coping with and mitigating climate change . the activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture and forestry systems which are both resource - efficient and resilient , while at the same time developing of services , concepts and policies for thriving rural livelihoods . ### the aim is to supply sufficient food , feed , biomass and other raw - materials , while safeguarding natural resources , such as water and soil , and preserving and enhancing ecosystems services , including coping with and mitigating climate change . the activities shall focus on delivering more sustainable and productive agriculture , including animal husbandry , and forestry systems which are both resource - efficient and resilient and produce less waste . furthermore , the activities shall focus on developing of services , concepts and policies for thriving rural livelihoods and encouraging sustainable consumption . in particular for forestry , the aim is to sustainably produce bio - based products , ecosystems services and sufficient biomass , with due consideration to economical , ecological and social aspects of forestry . activities will focus on the further development of production and sustainability of resource efficient forestry systems which are instrumental in the strengthening of forest resilience and biodiversity protection , and which can meet increased biomass demand . forest - associated services such as water purification , biodiversity maintenance or cultural issues should also be considered .


### sustainable and competitive agri - food sector for a safe and healthy diet ### sustainable and competitive agri - food sector for a safe , affordable and healthy diet


### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . ### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens and the environment for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases .


### more and more biological resources are needed to satisfy market demand for a secure and healthy food supply , bio - materials , biofuels and bio - based products , ranging from consumer products to bulk chemicals . however the capacities of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems required for their production are limited , while there are competing claims for their utilisation , and often not optimally managed , as shown for example by a severe decline in soil carbon content and fertility . there is under - utilised scope for fostering ecosystem services from farmland , forests , marine and fresh waters by integrating agronomic and environmental goals into sustainable production . ### more and more biological resources are needed to satisfy market demand for a secure and healthy food supply , bio - materials , biofuels and bio - based products , ranging from consumer products to bulk chemicals . however the capacities of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems required for their production are limited , while there are competing claims for their utilisation , and often not optimally managed , as shown for example by a severe decline in soil carbon content and fertility . there is under - utilised scope for fostering ecosystem services from farmland , forests , marine and fresh waters and aquaculture farms by integrating agronomic and environmental goals into sustainable production .


### agriculture , forestry and fisheries together with the bio - based industries are the major sectors underpinning the bio - economy . this latter represents a large and growing market estimated to be worth over eur 2 trillion , providing 20 million jobs and accounting for 9 % of total employment in the union in 2009 . investments in research and innovation under this societal challenge will enable europe to take leadership in the concerned markets and will play a role in achieving the goals of the europe 2020 strategy and its innovation union and resource efficient europe flagship initiatives . ### agriculture , forestry , sustainable fisheries and aquaculture together with the bio - based industries are the major sectors underpinning the bio - economy . this latter represents a large and growing market estimated to be worth over eur 2 trillion , providing 20 million jobs and accounting for 9 % of total employment in the union in 2009 . investments in research and innovation under this societal challenge will enable europe to take leadership in the concerned markets and will play a role in achieving the goals of the europe 2020 strategy and its innovation union and resource efficient europe flagship initiatives .


### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural and coastal development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a european and global nature . actions at union level are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , businesses , farmers / producers , advisors and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union . ### a fully functional european bio - economy – encompassing the sustainable production of renewable resources from land and aquatic environments and their conversion into food , bio - based products and bioenergy as well as the related public goods - will generate high european added value . managed in a sustainable manner , it can reduce the environmental footprint of primary production and the supply chain as a whole . it can increase their competitiveness and provide jobs and business opportunities for rural , coastal and marine development . the food security , sustainable agriculture , sustainable fisheries and aquaculture , and overall bio - economy – related challenges are of a regional , national , european and global nature . actions at union level and their effective coordination are essential to bring together clusters to achieve the necessary breadth and critical mass to complement efforts made by a single or groups of member states . a multi - actor approach will ensure the necessary cross - fertilising interactions between researcher , scientists , businesses , farmers / producers , fishermen / aquaculture producers , advisors , policy - makers and end - users . the union level is also necessary to ensure coherence in addressing this challenge across sectors and with strong links to relevant union policies . coordination of research and innovation at union level will stimulate and help to accelerate the required changes across the union .


### research and innovation will interface with a wide spectrum of union policies and related targets , including the common agriculture policy and the european innovation partnership ' agricultural productivity and sustainability ' , the common fisheries policy , the integrated maritime policy , the european climate change programme , the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the forestry action plan , the soil thematic strategy , the union ' s 2020 biodiversity strategy , the strategic energy technology plan , the union ' s innovation and industrial policies , external and development aid policies , plant health strategies , animal health and welfare strategies and regulatory frameworks to protect the environment , health and safety , to promote resource efficiency and climate action , and to reduce waste . a better integration of research and innovation into related union policies will significantly improve their european added value , provide leverage effects , increase societal relevance and help to further develop sustainable land , seas and oceans management and bio - economy markets . ### research and innovation will interface with a wide spectrum of union policies and related targets , including the common agriculture policy and the european innovation partnership ' agricultural productivity and sustainability ' , the common fisheries policy , the integrated maritime policy , the european climate change programme , the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the forestry action plan , the soil thematic strategy , the union ' s 2020 biodiversity strategy , the strategic energy technology plan , the union ' s innovation and industrial policies , external and development aid policies , plant health strategies , animal health and welfare strategies and regulatory frameworks to protect the environment , health and safety , to promote resource efficiency and climate action , and to reduce waste . a better integration of the full cycle from fundamental research to innovation into related union policies will significantly improve their european added value , provide leverage effects , increase societal relevance , provide healthy food products and help to further develop sustainable land , seas , inland waters and oceans management and bio - economy markets .


### challenge - driven actions focusing on social and economic benefits and the modernisation of the bio - economy associated sectors and markets shall be supported through multi - disciplinary research , driving innovation and leading to the development of new practices , products and processes . it shall also pursue a broad approach to innovation ranging from technological , non - technological , organisational , economic and social innovation to for instance novel business models , branding and services . ### challenge - driven actions focusing on social and economic benefits and the modernisation of the bio - economy associated sectors and markets shall be supported through multi - disciplinary research and cross - sectoral approach between various themes , better cooperation between researchers and all relevant stakeholders , driving innovation and leading to the development of new practices , products and processes . it shall also pursue a broad approach to innovation ranging from technological , non - technological , organisational , economic and social innovation to for instance novel business models , branding and services .


### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated biorefineries , utilising biomass from primary production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and opening new markets through supporting standardisation , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes . ### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated biorefineries , utilising biomass from primary production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and opening new markets through supporting standardisation , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land and sea use as well as land and sea use changes .


### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel concepts and designs , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs . ### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel concepts and designs at competitive market prices , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs .


### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility . ### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility . with growing traffic density security challenges of mass transport systems may achieve a new level of quality and need to be addressed already in research phases of new concepts and technologies


### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility . ### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency , affordability and mobility .


### research and innovation must bring about focussed and timely advances that will help achieve key union policy objectives , while boosting economic competitiveness , supporting the transition to a climate - resilient and low - carbon economy , and maintaining global market leadership . ### research and innovation must bring about focussed and timely advances that will help achieve key union policy objectives , making use of possibilities offered by the european gnss while boosting economic competitiveness , supporting the transition to a climate - resilient and low - carbon economy , and maintaining global market leadership .


### transport is a major driver of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . it ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market and an open and inclusive society . it represents one of europe ' s greatest assets in terms of industrial capability and quality of service , playing a leading role in many world markets . transport industry and transport equipment manufacturing together represent 6 . 3 % of the union ' s gdp . at the same time , the european transport industry faces increasingly fierce competition from other parts of the world . breakthrough technologies will be required to secure europe ' s future competitive edge and to mitigate the drawbacks of our current transport system . ### transport is a major driver of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . it ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market and an open and inclusive society . it represents one of europe ' s greatest assets in terms of industrial capability and quality of service , playing a leading role in many world markets . transport industry and transport equipment manufacturing alone represent 6 . 3 % of the union ' s gdp . however , the transport sector ' s overall contribution to the eu economy is much greater , given that trade in goods , which accounts for almost 30% of the union’s gdp , many services and workers who travel as part of their jobs depend entirely on efficient transport . the contribution transport makes to society by connecting people is also important , but difficult to quantify , and is fundamental to freedom of movement in europe . at the same time , the european transport industry faces increasingly fierce competition from other parts of the world . breakthrough technologies will be required to secure europe ' s future competitive edge and to mitigate the drawbacks of our current transport system .


### transport is a major driver of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . it ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market and an open and inclusive society . it represents one of europe ' s greatest assets in terms of industrial capability and quality of service , playing a leading role in many world markets . transport industry and transport equipment manufacturing together represent 6 . 3 % of the union ' s gdp . at the same time , the european transport industry faces increasingly fierce competition from other parts of the world . breakthrough technologies will be required to secure europe ' s future competitive edge and to mitigate the drawbacks of our current transport system . ### safe , secure and efficient transport is a major driver of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . it ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market and an open , inclusive and secure society . it represents one of europe ' s greatest assets in terms of industrial capability and quality of service , playing a leading role in many world markets . transport industry and transport equipment manufacturing together represent 6 . 3 % of the union ' s gdp . at the same time , the european transport industry faces increasingly fierce competition from other parts of the world . breakthrough technologies will be required to secure europe ' s future competitive edge and to mitigate the drawbacks of our current transport system .


### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . ### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management which are necessary and sufficient to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone .


### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . ### the problems of pollution , congestion , affordability , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of electric and other low or zero emission vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure ; to explore and exploit the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; to optimise the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; and to increase the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas . ### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of electric , hydrogen and other low or zero emission vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries , fuel cells etc . and infrastructure ; to explore and exploit the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; to optimise the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; and to increase the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas .