### financial assistance shall be available to entities with a public mission such as local authorities and providers of public services undertaking to provide free local wireless connectivity through the installation of local wireless access points . ### financial assistance shall be available to entities with a public mission such as local authorities and providers of public services undertaking to provide free and safe local wireless connectivity through the installation of local wireless access points .


### is free , easy to access , and uses state - of - the - art equipment , and ### is free , safe , easy to access , and uses state - of - the - art equipment , and


### the requirements concerning the capabilities of electronic communications networks are constantly increasing . while in the past the focus was mainly on growing bandwidth available overall and to each individual user , other parameters like latency , availability and reliability are becoming increasingly important . the current response towards this demand is bringing optical fibre closer and closer to the user and future ' very high capacity networks ' will require performance parameters which are equivalent to what a network based on optical fibre elements at least up to the distribution point at the serving location can deliver . this corresponds in the fixed - line connection case to network performance equivalent to what is achievable by an optical fibre installation up to a multi - dwelling building , considered as the serving location , and in the mobile connection case to network performance similar to what is achievable based on an optical fibre installation up to the base station , considered as the serving location . variations in end - users ' experience which are due to the different characteristics of the medium by which the network ultimately connects with the network termination point should not be taken into account for the purposes of establishing whether or not a wireless network could be considered as providing similar network performance . in accordance with the principle of technological neutrality , other technologies and transmission media should not be excluded , where they compare with this baseline scenario in terms of their capabilities . the roll - out of such ' very high capacity networks ' will further increase the capabilities of networks and pave the way for the roll - out of future mobile network generations based on enhanced air interfaces and a more densified network architecture . ### the requirements concerning the capabilities of electronic communications networks are constantly increasing . while in the past the focus was mainly on growing bandwidth available overall and to each individual user , other parameters like latency , availability and reliability are becoming increasingly important . the current response towards this demand is bringing optical fibre closer and closer to the user and future ' very high capacity networks ' will require performance parameters which are equivalent to those on optical fibre networks at least up to the distribution point at the serving location can deliver such as fibre to the home networks . this corresponds in the fixed - line connection case to network performance equivalent to what is achievable by an optical fibre installation up to a multi - dwelling building , considered as the serving location , and in the mobile connection case to network performance similar to what is achievable based on an optical fibre installation up to the base station , considered as the serving location . variations in end - users ' experience which are due to the different characteristics of the medium by which the network ultimately connects with the network termination point should not be taken into account for the purposes of establishing whether or not a wireless network could be considered as providing similar network performance . in accordance with the principle of technological neutrality , other technologies and transmission media should not be excluded , where they compare with this baseline scenario in terms of their capabilities . the roll - out of such ' very high capacity networks ' will further increase the capabilities of networks and pave the way for the roll - out of future mobile network generations based on enhanced air interfaces and a more densified network architecture .


### competition rules alone may not be sufficient to ensure cultural diversity and media pluralism in the area of digital television . technological and market developments make it necessary to review obligations to provide conditional access on fair , reasonable and non - discriminatory terms on a regular basis , either by a member state for its national market or the commission for the union , in particular to determine whether there is justification for extending obligations to electronic programme guides and application programme interfaces , to the extent that is necessary to ensure accessibility for end - users to specified digital broadcasting services . member states may specify the digital broadcasting services to which access by end - users must be ensured by any legislative , regulatory or administrative means that they deem necessary . ### competition rules alone may not be sufficient to ensure cultural diversity and media pluralism in the area of digital television . technological and market developments make it necessary to review obligations to provide conditional access on fair , reasonable and non - discriminatory terms on a regular basis , either by a member state for its national market or the commission for the union , in particular to determine whether there is justification for extending obligations to electronic programme guides and application programme interfaces , to the extent that is necessary to ensure accessibility for end - users to specified digital broadcasting services . member states may specify the digital broadcasting services to which access by end - users must be ensured by any legislative , regulatory or administrative means that they deem necessary . the concept of the electronic programme guide needs to be defined in a future - proof and dynamic way , with respect both to emerging navigation and listing facilities on platforms and to developments in connected television and radio services .


### member states should be able to lay down proportionate obligations on undertakings under their jurisdiction , in the interest of legitimate public policy considerations , but such obligations should only be imposed where they are necessary to meet general interest objectives clearly defined by member states in conformity with union law and should be proportionate and transparent . ‘ must carry’ obligations may be applied to specified radio and television broadcast channels and complementary services supplied by a specified media service provider . obligations imposed by member states should be reasonable , that is they should be proportionate and transparent in the light of clearly defined general interest objectives . member states should provide an objective justification for the ‘ must carry’ obligations that they impose in their national law so as to ensure that such obligations are transparent , proportionate and clearly defined . the obligations should be designed in a way which provides sufficient incentives for efficient investment in infrastructure . obligations should be subject to periodic review at least every five years in order to keep them up - to - date with technological and market evolution and in order to ensure that they continue to be proportionate to the objectives to be achieved . obligations could , where appropriate , entail a provision for proportionate remuneration . ### member states should be able to lay down proportionate obligations on undertakings under their jurisdiction , in the interest of legitimate public policy considerations , but such obligations should only be imposed where they are necessary to meet general interest objectives clearly defined by member states in conformity with union law and should be proportionate and transparent . ‘ must carry’ obligations may be applied to specified radio and television broadcast channels and complementary services supplied by a specified media service provider , without discrimination based on the nature of their funding . obligations imposed by member states should be reasonable , that is they should be proportionate and transparent in the light of clearly defined general interest objectives , in particular media pluralism and cultural diversity . member states should provide an objective justification for the ‘ must carry’ obligations that they impose in their national law so as to ensure that such obligations are transparent , proportionate and clearly defined . the obligations should be designed in a way which provides sufficient incentives for efficient investment in infrastructure . obligations should be subject to periodic review at least every five years in order to keep them up - to - date with technological and market evolution and in order to ensure that they continue to be proportionate to the objectives to be achieved . obligations could , where appropriate , entail a provision for proportionate remuneration .


### ' very high capacity network ' means an electronic communications network which either consists wholly of optical fibre elements at least up to the distribution point at the serving location or which is capable of delivering under usual peak - time conditions similar network performance in terms of available down - and uplink bandwidth , resilience , error - related parameters , and latency and its variation . network performance can be considered similar regardless of whether the end - user experience varies due to the inherently different characteristics of the medium by which the network ultimately connects with the network termination point . ### ' very high capacity network ' means an electronic communications network which consists wholly of optical fibre elements at least up to the distribution point at the serving location under a fibre to the home configuration or any other type of network which is capable of delivering under usual peak - time conditions similar network performance in terms of available down - and uplink bandwidth , resilience , error - related parameters , and latency and its variation . network performance will be assessed solely on the basis of technical parameters and not take into account end - user experience varies due to the inherently different characteristics of the medium by which the network ultimately connects with the network termination point .


### in case of a national or regional lack of market demand for the use of a harmonised band , and subject to the harmonisation measure adopted under decision no 676 / 2002 / ec , member states may allow an alternative use of all or part of that band , including the existing use , in accordance with paragraphs 4 and 5 , provided that : ### in case of a national or regional lack of market demand for the use of a harmonised band , and subject to the harmonisation measure adopted under decision no 676 / 2002 / ec and without prejudice to decision 243 / 2012 / eu establishing a multiannual radio spectrum policy programme and decision no . . . / 2017 / eu on the use of the 470 - 790 mhz frequency band in the union , member states may allow an alternative use of all or part of that band , including the existing use , in accordance with paragraphs 4 and 5 , provided that :


### a national regulatory authority may , in accordance with article 66 , impose obligations on operators to meet reasonable requests for access to , and use of , civil engineering including , without limitation , buildings or entries to buildings , building cables including wiring , antennae , towers and other supporting constructions , poles , masts , ducts , conduits , inspection chambers , manholes , and cabinets , in situations where the market analysis indicates that denial of access or access given under unreasonable terms and conditions having a similar effect would hinder the emergence of a sustainable competitive market at the retail level and would not be in the end - user ' s interest . ### a national regulatory authority may , in accordance with article 66 , impose obligations on operators to meet reasonable requests for access to , and use of , civil engineering including , without limitation , buildings or entries to buildings , antennae , towers and other supporting constructions , poles , masts , ducts , conduits , inspection chambers , manholes , and cabinets , in situations where the market analysis indicates that denial of access or access given under unreasonable terms and conditions having a similar effect would hinder the emergence of a sustainable competitive market at the retail level and would not be in the end - user ' s interest .


### only where a national regulatory authority concludes that the obligations imposed in accordance with article 70 would not on their own lead to the achievement of the objectives set out in article 3 , it may , in accordance with the provisions of article 66 , impose obligations on operators to meet reasonable requests for access to , and use of , specific network elements and associated facilities , in situations where the national regulatory authority considers that denial of access or unreasonable terms and conditions having a similar effect would hinder the emergence of a sustainable competitive market at the retail level , and would not be in the end - user ' s interest . ### national regulatory authority may , in accordance with the provisions of article 66 , impose obligations on operators to meet reasonable requests for access to , and use of , specific network elements and associated facilities , in situations where the national regulatory authority considers that denial of access or unreasonable terms and conditions having a similar effect would hinder the emergence of a sustainable competitive market at the retail level , and would not be in the end - user ' s interest .


### neither paragraph 1 of this article nor article 57 shall prejudice the ability of member states to determine appropriate remuneration , if any , in respect of measures taken in accordance with this article while ensuring that , in similar circumstances , there is no discrimination in the treatment of undertakings providing electronic communications networks . where remuneration is provided for , member states shall ensure that it is applied in a proportionate and transparent manner . ### neither paragraph 1 of this article nor article 57 shall prejudice the ability of member states to determine appropriate remuneration , if any , in respect of measures taken in accordance with this article while ensuring that , in similar circumstances , there is no discrimination in the treatment of undertakings providing electronic communications networks and services . where remuneration should be provided for , it will require a legal regulation that also stipulates the remuneration sum ; member states shall also ensure that it is applied in a proportionate and transparent manner .


### a genuinely humane killing method cannot be effectively and consistently applied in the hunts conducted by the inuit and other indigenous communities , just like in the other seal hunts . nonetheless , it is appropriate , in light of the objective pursued by regulation no 007 / 2009 , to make the placing in the union market of products resulting from hunts by the inuit and other indigenous communities conditional upon those hunts being conducted in a manner which reduces pain , distress , fear or other forms of suffering of the animals hunted to the extent possible , while having regard to the traditional way of life and the subsistence needs of the inuit and other indigenous communities . the exception granted in respect of seal products resulting from hunts conducted by inuit and other indigenous communities should be limited to hunts that contribute to the subsistence need of those communities and are therefore not conducted primarily for commercial purposes . thus , the commission should be enabled to limit , if necessary , the quantity of seal products placed on the market under that exception in order to prevent the use of the exception by products resulting from hunts which are conducted primarily for commercial purposes . ### it is appropriate , in light of the objective pursued by regulation no 1007 / 2009 , to make the placing in the union market of products resulting from hunts by the inuit and other indigenous communities conditional upon those hunts being conducted in a manner which reduces pain , distress , fear or other forms of suffering of the animals hunted to the extent possible , while having regard to the traditional way of life and the subsistence needs of the inuit and other indigenous communities . the exception granted in respect of seal products resulting from hunts conducted by inuit and other indigenous communities should be limited to hunts that contribute to the subsistence need of those communities and are therefore not conducted solely for commercial purposes . thus , the commission should be enabled to limit , if necessary , the quantity of seal products placed on the market under that exception in order to prevent the use of the exception by products resulting from hunts which are conducted for commercial purposes .


### pursuant to article&#160 ; 3 of directive&#160 ; 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the&#160 ; council3 each member&#160 ; state is to ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in&#160 ; 2020 is at least&#160 ; 10&#160 ; % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member&#160 ; state . the blending of biofuels is one of the methods available for member&#160 ; states to meet this target , and is expected to be the main contributor . __________________ 3directive 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable energy sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001 / 777 / ec and 2003 / 30 / ec . ### pursuant to article&#160 ; 3 of directive&#160 ; 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the&#160 ; council3 each member&#160 ; state is to ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in&#160 ; 2020 is at least&#160 ; 10&#160 ; % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member&#160 ; state . the blending of biofuels is one of the methods available for member&#160 ; states to meet this target , and is expected to be the main contributor . other methods to meet the target are reducing energy consumption , which is imperative because a mandatory percentage target for energy from renewable sources is likely to become increasingly difficult to achieve sustainably if overall demand for energy for transport continues to rise , and the use of electricity from renewable energy sources . __________________ 3directive 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable energy sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001 / 777 / ec and 2003 / 30 / ec .


### where pasture or agricultural land previously destined for food and feed markets is diverted to biofuel production , the non - fuel demand will still need to be satisfied either through intensification of current production or by bringing non - agricultural land into production elsewhere . the latter case constitutes indirect land - use change and when it involves the conversion of land with high carbon stock it can lead to significant greenhouse gas emissions . directives 98 / 70 / ec and 2009 / 28 / ec should therefore be amended to include provisions to address indirect land - use change given that current biofuels are mainly produced from crops grown on existing agricultural land . ### where pasture or agricultural land previously destined for food and feed markets is diverted to biofuel production , the non - fuel demand will still need to be satisfied either through intensification of current production or by bringing non - agricultural land into production elsewhere . the latter case could constitute indirect land - use change and when it involves the conversion of land with high carbon stock it could lead to significant greenhouse gas emissions . nevertheless , directives 98 / 70 / ec and 2009 / 28 / ec should only be amended to include provisions to address indirect land - use change when research has made it possible to determine the existence of this factor in a scientifically proven manner and to evaluate it precisely .


### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting non - legally binding sub - targets at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards such national sub - targets in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date . ### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should ensure that they meet the target for such advanced biofuels at 1 % set out in this directive , within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards the sub - target for advanced biofuels in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date .


### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting non - legally binding sub - targets at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards such national sub - targets in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date . ### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes , residues and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage research , development and greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting a binding sub - target at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards the national sub target in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date .


### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting non - legally binding sub - targets at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards such national sub - targets in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date . ### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting non - legally binding sub - targets at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards such national sub - targets in 2020 . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date .


### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting non - legally binding sub - targets at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards such national sub - targets in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date . ### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas emission savings , with low risk of causing indirect land - use change , and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as they are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop - based biofuel technologies . each member state should promote the consumption of such advanced biofuels , through setting non - legally binding sub - targets at national level within the obligation of ensuring that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that member state . it is also appropriate for member states to report on their achievements towards such national sub - targets in 2020 , a synthesis report of which should be published , in order to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced by this directive in reducing the risk of indirect land - use change greenhouse gas emissions through the promotion of advanced biofuels . such advanced biofuels and their promotion are expected to continue to play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport and the development of low - carbon transport technologies beyond that date . in this context , the post - 2020 policy framework for sustainable energy should cover only advanced biofuels which offer a low risk of causing indirect land use change and a substantial reduction in overall greenhouse gas emissions , taking their economic and social impact into account .


### distinctions in estimated indirect land - use change emissions arise from the different data inputs and key assumptions on agricultural developments such as trends in agricultural yields and productivity , co - product allocation and observed global land - use change and deforestation rates , which are not under the control of biofuel producers . while most biofuel feedstocks are produced in the union , the estimated indirect land - use change emissions are mostly expected to take place outside the union , in areas where the additional production is likely to be realised at the lowest cost . in particular , assumptions with regard to the conversion of tropical forests and peat land drainage outside the union strongly influence the estimated indirect land - use change emissions associated with biodiesel production from oil crops , and as such it is most important to ensure that such data and assumptions are reviewed in line with the latest available information on land conversion and deforestation , including capturing any progress made in those areas through ongoing international programmes . ### distinctions in estimated indirect land - use change emissions arise from the different data inputs and key assumptions on agricultural developments such as trends in agricultural yields and productivity , co - product allocation and observed global land - use change and deforestation rates , which are not under the control of biofuel producers . it is most important to ensure that such data and assumptions are reviewed in line with the latest available scientific information on land conversion and deforestation , including capturing any progress made in those areas through ongoing international programmes .


### in order to ensure the long - term competitiveness of bio - based industrial sectors , and in line with the commission communication of 13 february 2012 entitled ‘ innovating for sustainable growth : a bioeconomy for europe’ and the commission communication of 20 september 2011 entitled ‘ roadmap to a resource efficient europe’ , promoting integrated and diversified biorefineries across europe , enhanced incentives under directive 2009 / 28 / ec should be set in a way that gives preference to the use of biomass feedstocks that do not have a high economic value for uses other than biofuels . ### in order to ensure the long - term competitiveness of bio - based industrial sectors , and in line with the 2012 communication ‘ innovating for sustainable growth : a bioeconomy for europe’ and the roadmap to a resource efficient europe , promoting integrated and diversified biorefineries across europe , enhanced incentives under directive 2009 / 28 / ec should be set in a way that gives preference to the use of biomass feedstocks that do not have a high economic value for other uses than biofuels or which do not impact on the environment in such a way as to compromise local ecosystems by depriving food crops of land and water .


### as part of the reporting under paragraph 1 , member states shall ensure that fuel suppliers report annually to the authority designated by the member state , on the biofuel production pathways , volumes of biofuels derived from the feedstocks as categorised in part a of annex v , and the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy . member states shall report those data to the commission . ### fuel suppliers shall by 31 march each year report to the authority designated by the member state , following procedures established with an eye to avoiding administrative burdens , on progress made towards reaching the mandatory targets referred to in article 3 of directive 2009 / 28 / ec for advanced biofuels . the suppliers shall document that the biofuels are produced from feedstocks in accordance with the definition of advanced biofuels set out in article 2 of directive 2009 / 28 / ec , which includes in particular production from feedstocks listed in annex ix . member states shall report these data to the commission .


### the greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be at least 60 % for biofuels produced in installations starting operation after … + . an installation shall be considered to be in operation if the physical production of biofuels has taken place . __________________ + oj : please insert the date of entry into force of this directive . ### the greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall be at least 60 % for biofuels produced in installations starting operation after 30 june 2018 . an installation shall be considered to be in operation if the physical production of biofuels has taken place .


### for the purposes of article 17 , the greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuel and bioliquids shall be calculated as follows : where a default value for greenhouse gas emission saving for the production pathway is laid down in part a or b of annex v and where the el value for those biofuels or bioliquids calculated in accordance with point 7 of part c of annex v is equal to or less than zero , by using that default value ; by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part c of annex v ; or by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1 of part c of annex v , where disaggregated default values in part d or e of annex v may be used for some factors , and actual values , calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part c of annex v , for all other factors . ### paragraph 1 is replaced by the following : ' 1 . for the purposes of article 17 , the greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated as follows : where a default value for greenhouse gas emission saving for the production pathway is laid down in part a or b of annex v and where the el value for those biofuels or bioliquids calculated in accordance with point 7 of part c of annex v is equal to or less than zero , and where the estimated indirect land - use change emissions are zero in accordance with part b of annex viii , by using that default value ; by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part c of annex v adding the estimates for indirect land - use change emissions set out in annex viii ; by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1 of part c of annex v , where disaggregated default values in part d or e of annex v may be used for some factors , and actual values , calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in part c of annex v , for all other factors , adding the estimates for indirect land - use change emissions set out in annex viii . '


### paragraph 6 is deleted ; ### paragraph&#160 ; 6 is replaced by the following : ‘ 6 . in the case of biofuel volumes produced before this directive enters into force and which meet the applicable sustainability criteria , the iluc methodology taken into account to calculate the land use change for the reports referred to in this directive and in article 7a of directive 98 / 70 / ec does not apply . ’


### ‘ support scheme’ means any instrument , scheme or mechanism applied by a member state or a group of member states , that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy , increasing the price at which it can be sold , or increasing , by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise , the volume of such energy purchased . this includes , but is not restricted to , investment aid , tax exemptions or reductions , tax refunds , renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates , and direct price support schemes including feed - in tariffs and premium payments ; ### - 1 . in article 2 , point is replaced by the following : ‘ k ) ‘ support scheme’ means any instrument , scheme or mechanism applied by a member state or a group of member states , that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of this energy , increasing the price at which it can be sold , or increasing , by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise , the volume of such energy purchased ; this includes , but is not restricted to , investment aid , tax exemptions or reductions , tax refunds , renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates , and direct price support schemes including feed - in tariffs and premium payments ; support schemes must not distort the markets in raw materials of other manufacturing sectors in which the same raw materials are traditionally used . ’


### for the purpose of complying with the targets set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 and this paragraph , the contribution made by biofuels produced from feedstocks listed in part a of annex ix shall be considered to be twice their energy content . ; ### the contribution made by biofuels produced from feedstocks listed in part b of annex ix shall be considered to be twice their energy content . ;


### in estimating net greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels , the member state may , for the purpose of the reports referred to in paragraph 1 , use the typical values given in part a and part b of annex v . ### in article 22 , paragraph 2 is replaced by the following : “2 . in estimating net greenhouse gas emission savings from the use of biofuels , the member state may , for the purpose of the reports referred to in paragraph 1 , use the typical values given in part a and part b of annex v , and shall add the estimates for any indirect land - use change emissions for biofuels produced in installations starting operation after 1 july 2014 to be set out in annex viii . ”


### in reporting on greenhouse gas emission savings from the use of biofuels and bioliquids , the commission shall use the amounts reported by member states in accordance with point of article 22 , including the provisional mean values of the estimated indirect land - use change emissions and the associated range derived from the sensitivity analysis referred to in annex viii . the commission shall make data on provisional estimated indirect land - use change emissions and the associated range derived from the sensitivity analysis publicly available . in addition , the commission shall evaluate whether and how the estimate for direct emission savings would change if co - products were accounted for using the substitution approach . ### in reporting on greenhouse gas emission savings from the use of biofuels and bioliquids , the commission shall use the amounts reported by member states in accordance with point of article 22 , including the provisional estimated indirect land - use change emissions referred to in annex viii . the commission shall make data on union - wide provisional estimated indirect land - use change emissions publicly available . in addition , the commission shall evaluate whether and how the estimate for direct emission savings would change if co - products were accounted for using the substitution approach .


### an assessment of whether the range of uncertainty identified in the analysis underlying the estimations of indirect land - use change emissions can be narrowed and the possible impact of union policies , such as environment , climate and agricultural policies , can be factored in . ### an assessment of whether the range of uncertainty identified in the analysis underlying the estimations of indirect land - use change emissions can be narrowed and the positive impact of union policies , such as environment , climate and agricultural policies , can be factored in .


### an assessment of whether the range of uncertainty identified in the analysis underlying the estimations of indirect land - use change emissions can be narrowed and the possible impact of union policies , such as environment , climate and agricultural policies , can be factored in . ### indirect land use changes in relation to all production pathways , including an assessment of whether the range of uncertainty identified in the analysis underlying the estimations of indirect land use change emissions can be narrowed and the possible impact of union policies , such as environment , climate and agricultural policies , can be factored in . ;


### the report referred to in the first subparagraph shall , if appropriate , be accompanied by a legislative proposal , based on the best available scientific evidence , for introducing adjusted estimated indirect land - use change emissions factors into the appropriate sustainability criteria and by a review of the effectiveness of the incentives provided for biofuels from non - land using feedstocks and non - food crops under article 3 of directive 2009 / 28 / ec . as part of that report , the commission shall , in light of member states ' reports pursuant to article 3 of directive 2009 / 28 / ec , assess the effectiveness of measures taken to prevent and fight fraud , and shall , if appropriate , submit proposals for further measures , including on additional measures to be taken at union level . ### the report referred to in the first subparagraph must take into account the contribution of biofuel production to reducing the eu’s shortage of vegetable protein and shall , if appropriate , be accompanied by a legislative proposal , based on the best available scientific evidence , for promoting the use of renewable sources of energy in transport post 2020 and , if applicable , introducing adjusted estimated indirect land - use change emissions factors into the appropriate sustainability criteria and by a review of the effectiveness of the incentives provided for biofuels from non - land using feedstocks and non - food crops under article 3 of directive 2009 / 28 / ec . as part of that report , the commission shall , in light of member states ' reports pursuant to article 3 of directive 2009 / 28 / ec , assess the effectiveness of measures taken to prevent and fight fraud , and shall , if appropriate , submit proposals for further measures , including on additional measures to be taken at union level .


### annex ix part a . feedstocks and fuels , the contribution of which towards the target referred to in article 3 shall be considered to be twice their energy content algae if cultivated on land in ponds or photobioreactors ; b ) biomass fraction of mixed municipal waste , but not separated household waste subject to recycling targets under point of article 11 of directive 2008 / 98 / ec ; c ) bio - waste as defined in article 3 of directive 2008 / 98 / ec from private households subject to separate collection as defined in article 3 of that directive . d ) biomass fraction of industrial waste not fit for use in the food or feed chain , including material from retail and wholesale and the agro - food and fish and aquaculture industry , and excluding feedstocks listed in part b of this annex ; e ) straw ; f ) animal manure and sewage sludge ; g ) palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches ; h ) tall oil pitch ; crude glycerine ; j ) bagasse ; k ) grape marcs and wine lees ; l ) nut shells ; m ) husks ; n ) cobs cleaned of kernels of corn ; o ) biomass fraction of wastes and residues from forestry and forest - based industries , i . e . bark , branches , pre - commercial thinnings , leaves , needles , tree tops , saw dust , cutter shavings , black liquor , brown liquor , fibre sludge , lignin and tall oil ; p ) other non - food cellulosic material as defined in point of the second paragraph of article 2 ; q ) other ligno - cellulosic material as defined in point of the second paragraph of article 2 except saw logs and veneer logs ; r ) renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non - biological origin . ________________ * regulation no 1069 / 2009 of the european parliament and of the council of 21 october 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by - products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing regulation no 1774 / 2002 . ' . ### annex ix list of advanced biofuels the biofuel coming from the following feedstocks will be considered advanced biofuels : algae ; b ) biomass fraction of mixed municipal waste , but not separated household waste subject to recycling targets under article 11 of directive 2008 / 98 / ec of 19 november 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives ; d ) biomass fraction and biodegradable fraction of industrial waste ; e ) straw ; f ) livestock manure and sewage sludge ; g ) palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches ; h ) processing residues from pulp and paper industry such as black liquor , crude sulphate soap , crude tall oil and tall oil pitch ; crude glycerine ; j ) bagasse ; k ) grape marcs and wine lees ; l ) nut shells ; m ) husks ; n ) cobs ; o ) bark , branches , thinnings , leaves , saw dust and cutter shavings ; oa ) animal fats classified as category i , ii and iii in accordance with ec / 1774 / 2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by - products not intended for human consumption** ; p ) non - food cellulosic material ; q ) ligno - cellulosic material except saw logs and veneer logs ; qa ) triglycerides , free fatty acids and fatty distillates and off - specification oils from oleochemical , biodiesel , vegetable oil refining , food processing and animal fat rendering industries qb ) animal fats not intended for human consumption qc ) technical corn oil qd ) waste fat from fish processing industry . r ) renewable liquids and gaseous fuels of non - biological origin . ________________ * oj l 273 , 10 . 10 . 2002 , p . 1


### bagasse . ### bagasse , olive oil production residues , citrus and orange peel residues .


### this regulation aims to lay down harmonised rules for the eu type - approval of engines to be installed in non - road mobile machinery , with a view to ensuring the functioning of the internal market . for these purposes , new emission limits should be established to reflect technological progress and ensure convergence with union policies in the on - road sector , with a view to achieving union air quality targets and reducing the emissions from non - road mobile machinery , thus resulting in a more proportionate share of machinery emissions in relation to road vehicle emissions . the scope of union legislation in this field should be broadened , with a view to improving market harmonisation at eu and international level and minimising the risk of market distortions . in addition , this regulation aims to simplify the current legal framework , including measures for simplifying administrative procedures , and to improve the general conditions for enforcement , in particular by strengthening the rules on market surveillance . ### this regulation aims to lay down harmonised rules for the eu type - approval of engines to be installed in non - road mobile machinery , with a view to ensuring the functioning of the internal market . for these purposes , new emission limits should be established to reflect technological progress and ensure convergence with union policies in the on - road sector , with a view to achieving union air quality targets and reducing the emissions from non - road mobile machinery , thus resulting in a more proportionate share of machinery emissions in relation to road vehicle emissions . member states should actively support those objectives through national schemes encouraging users to switch to new equipment , thus gradually reducing the share of the most emitting old non - road mobile machinery .


### a limited number of exemptions should be granted to address the specific needs related to armed forces , logistic supply constraints , field testing of prototypes and the use of machinery in explosive atmospheres . ### a limited number of exemptions should be granted to address the specific needs related to armed forces , logistic supply constraints , field testing of prototypes , replacement engines and the use of machinery in explosive atmospheres .


### ‘ transition period’ means the first eighteen months following the date of mandatory implementation of stage v , as referred to in article 17 ; ### ‘ transition period’ means the first twenty - four months following the date of mandatory implementation of stage v , as referred to in article 17 ;


### engines with a reference power of less than 560 kw used in place of engines of categories iwp , rll or rlr ; ### engines with a reference power of less than 560 kw used in place of engines of categories iwa , iwp , rll or rlr ;


### engines with a reference power greater than 560 kw used in place of engines of category iwa subject to complying with the requirements of article 23 ; ### engines used in place of engines of category iwa subject to complying with the requirements of article 23 ;


### ‘ category iwa’ , comprising engines exclusively for use in inland waterway vessels , for auxiliary purposes or intended for auxiliary purposes , having a net power that is greater than 560 kw . ### ' category iwa ' , comprising engines exclusively for use in inland waterway vessels , for auxiliary purposes or intended for auxiliary purposes .


### in case of an engine of category iwp having a reference power greater than 560 kw that is intended for use in place of an engine of category iwa in accordance with the second subparagraph of article 4 , the requirements of paragraph 5 shall be met separately for each applicable steady - state test cycle set out in both tables iv - 5 and iv - 6 of annex iv , and the type - approval information document shall indicate each steady - state test cycle for which this requirement was fulfilled . ### in case of an engine of category iwp that is intended for use in place of an engine of category iwa in accordance with the second subparagraph of article 4 , the requirements of paragraph 5 shall be met separately for each applicable steady - state test cycle set out in both tables iv - 5 and iv - 6 of annex iv , and the type - approval information document shall indicate each steady - state test cycle for which this requirement was fulfilled .


### union central administrative platform and database ### exchange of data and information through the internal market information system


### the commission shall set up a union central administrative digital platform for the exchange of data and information related to eu type - approvals in electronic format . the platform shall be used for the exchange of data and information between the approval authorities , or between the approval authorities and the commission , which takes place in the framework of this regulation . ### the exchange of data and information related to eu type - approvals in electronic format shall take place through the imi . the imi shall be used for the exchange of data and information between the approval authorities , or between the approval authorities and the commission , which takes place in the framework of this regulation .


### the union central administrative digital platform shall also comprise a database where any information of relevance in respect of eu type - approvals granted in accordance with this regulation shall be centrally gathered and made accessible to the approval authorities and to the commission . the database shall connect national databases to the union central database , where agreed with the member states concerned . ### any information that is of relevance in respect of eu type - approvals which are granted in accordance with this regulation shall be centrally gathered and made accessible to the approval authorities and to the commission through the imi .


### subsequent to the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 , the commission shall extend the union central administrative digital platform with modules which shall allow for : ### subsequent to the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2 , the commission shall extend the imi with modules which shall allow for :


### without prejudice to the provisions in chapters ii and iii , this regulation shall not invalidate , before the dates for placing on the market of engines referred to in annex iii , any eu type - approval . ### without prejudice to the provisions in chapters ii and iii , this regulation shall not invalidate , before the dates for placing on the market of engines referred to in annex iii , any eu type - approval or exemption .


### approval authorities may continue to grant type - approvals in accordance with the relevant legislation applicable on the date of entry into force of this regulation until the mandatory dates for the eu type - approval of engines referred to in annex iii . ### approval authorities may continue to grant type - approvals and exemptions in accordance with the relevant legislation applicable on the date of entry into force of this regulation until the mandatory dates for the eu type - approval of engines referred to in annex iii .


### for engines of the category nre , member states shall authorise an extension of the transition period and the 12 - months period referred to in the first sub - paragraph by an additional 12 months for oem ' s with a total yearly production of fewer than 50 units of non - road mobile machinery equipped with combustion engines . for the purposes of the calculation of the total yearly production referred to in this paragraph , all oem ' s under the control of the same natural or legal person shall be considered to be a single oem . ### for engines of the category nre , member states shall authorise an extension of the transition period and the 18 - months period referred to in the first sub - paragraph by an additional 12 months for oem ' s with a total yearly production of fewer than 50 units of non - road mobile machinery equipped with combustion engines . for the purposes of the calculation of the total yearly production referred to in this paragraph , all oem ' s under the control of the same natural or legal person shall be considered to be a single oem .


### 18 months from the date for placing on the market of engines set out in annex iii , in the case set out in the first subparagraph of paragraph 5 ; ### 24 months from the date for placing on the market of engines set out in annex iii , in the case set out in the first subparagraph of paragraph 5 ;


### 30 months from the date for placing on the market of engines set out in annex iii , in the case set out in the second subparagraph of paragraph 5 . ### 36 months from the date for placing on the market of engines set out in annex iii , in the case set out in the second subparagraph of paragraph 5 .


### assistance should also be provided in compliance with the agreements concluded by the union with the beneficiaries listed in annex i . assistance should mainly focus on assisting the beneficiaries listed in annex i to strengthen democratic institutions and the rule of law , reform the judiciary and public administration , respect fundamental rights and promote gender equality , tolerance , social inclusion and non - discrimination . assistance should also support the key principles and rights as defined in the european pillar of social rights . 17 assistance should continue to support their efforts to advance regional , macro - regional and cross - border cooperation as well as territorial development , including through implementation of union macro - regional strategies . it should also enhance their economic and social development and economic governance , underpinning a smart , sustainable and inclusive growth agenda , including through implementation of regional development , agriculture and rural development , social and employment policies and the development of the digital economy and society , also in line with the flagship initiative digital agenda for the western balkans . _________________ 17 european pillar of social rights solemnly proclaimed by the european parliament , the council and the commission at the gothenburg social summit for fair jobs and growth , gothenburg 17 november 2017 . ### assistance should also be provided in compliance with the agreements concluded by the union with the beneficiaries listed in annex i . assistance should mainly focus on assisting the beneficiaries listed in annex i to strengthen democratic institutions and the rule of law , reform the judiciary and public administration , respect fundamental rights and promote gender equality , tolerance , social inclusion and non - discrimination . assistance should also support the key principles and rights as defined in the european pillar of social rights . assistance should continue to support their efforts to advance regional , macro - regional and cross - border cooperation breaking down barriers as well as territorial development , including through implementation of union macro - regional strategies . it should also enhance their economic and social development and economic governance , underpinning a smart , sustainable and inclusive growth agenda , including open , free and fair trade through implementation of regional development , agriculture and rural development , social and employment policies and the development of the digital economy and society , also in line with the flagship initiative digital agenda for the western balkans .


### strengthening the rule of law , including the fight against corruption and organised crime , and good governance , including public administration reform , remain key challenges in most of the beneficiaries listed in annex i and are essential in order for beneficiaries to come closer to the union and later to fully assume the obligations of union membership . in view of the longer - term nature of the reforms pursued in those areas and the need to build up track records , financial assistance under this regulation should address the requirements placed on the beneficiaries listed in annex i as early as possible . ### strengthening the rule of law , including the fight against corruption , money laundering and organised crime , and good governance , including public administration reform , public procurement , competition , state - aid , intellectual property and foreign investments , remain key challenges in most of the beneficiaries listed in annex i and are essential in order for beneficiaries to come closer to the union and later to fully assume the obligations of union membership . in view of the longer - term nature of the reforms pursued in those areas and the need to build up track records , financial assistance under this regulation should address the requirements placed on the beneficiaries listed in annex i as early as possible .


### it is in the union ' s interest to assist the beneficiaries listed in annex i in their efforts to reform with a view to union membership . assistance should be managed with a strong focus on results and with incentives for those who demonstrate their commitment to reform through efficient implementation of pre - accession assistance and progress towards meeting the membership criteria . ### it is in the union ' s interest to assist the beneficiaries listed in annex i in their efforts to reform with a view to union membership . assistance should be managed with a strong focus on results and with incentives for those who demonstrate their commitment to reform through efficient implementation of pre - accession assistance and progress towards meeting the membership criteria . additional efforts of beneficiaries to break down trade barriers at national , interregional and international level as well as to refrain from protectionism would be substantial with a view to union membership .


### the transition from direct management of pre - accession funds by the commission to indirect management by the beneficiaries listed in annex i should be progressive and in line with the respective capacities of those beneficiaries . assistance should continue to make use of the structures and instruments that have proved their worth in the pre - accession process . ### the transition from direct management of pre - accession funds by the commission to indirect management by the beneficiaries listed in annex i should be progressive and in line with the respective capacities of those beneficiaries . the transition should be suspended if eu funds are being used inefficiently , resulting in significant shortcomings of relevant obligations . assistance should continue to make use of the structures and instruments that have proved their worth in the pre - accession process .


### to reinforce the effectiveness of public administration and support structural reforms and good governance at all levels ; ### to reinforce the effectiveness of public administration and support structural reforms and good governance at all levels including in the fields of public procurement , state - aid , competition , foreign direct investments and intellectual property ;


### to strengthen economic and social development including through increased connectivity and regional development , agriculture and rural development and social and employment policies , to reinforce environmental protection , increase resilience to climate change , accelerate the shift towards a low - carbon economy and develop the digital economy and society . ### to strengthen economic and social development including through increased connectivity and regional development , agriculture and rural development , social and employment policies and trade facilitation , to reinforce environmental protection , increase resilience to climate change , accelerate the shift towards a low - carbon economy and develop the digital economy and society .


### this regulation should apply to all applications for international protection made in the territory of the member states , including those made at the external border , on the territorial sea or in the transit zones of member states , and the withdrawal of international protection . persons seeking international protection who are present on the territorial sea of a member state should be disembarked on land and have their applications examined in accordance with this regulation . ### this regulation should only apply to applications for international protection made in the territory of the member states , including those made at the external border , on the territorial sea or in the transit zones of member states , and the withdrawal of international protection . persons seeking international protection who are present on the territorial sea of a member state should be disembarked on land and have their applications examined in accordance with this regulation .


### the applicant should be provided with an effective opportunity to present all relevant elements at his or her disposal to the determining authority . for this reason , the applicant should , subject to limited exceptions , enjoy the right to be heard through a personal interview on the admissibility or on merits of his or her application , as appropriate . for the right to a personal interview to be effective , the applicant should be assisted by an interpreter and be given the opportunity to provide his or explanations concerning the grounds for his or her application in a comprehensive manner . the applicant should be given sufficient time to prepare and consult with his or her legal adviser or counsellor , and he or she may be assisted by the legal adviser or counsellor during the interview . the personal interview should be conducted under conditions which ensure appropriate confidentiality and by adequately trained and competent personnel , including where necessary , personnel from authorities of other member states or experts deployed by the european union agency for asylum . the personal interview may only be omitted when the determining authority is to take a positive decision on the application or is of the opinion that the applicant is unfit or unable to be interviewed owing to enduring circumstance beyond his or her control . given that the personal interview is an essential part of the examination of the application , the interview should be recorded and the applicants and their legal advisers should be given access to the recording , as well as to the report or transcript of the interview before the determining authority takes a decision , or in the case of an accelerated examination procedure , at the same time as the decision is made . ### before the determining authority takes a decision , the applicant should have an effective opportunity to present all relevant elements at his disposal . for this reason , the applicant should enjoy the right to be heard through a personal interview on the merits of his or her application . for the right to a personal interview to be effective , the applicant should be assisted by an interpreter and be given the opportunity to provide his or explanations concerning the grounds for his or her application in a comprehensive manner . the applicant should be given sufficient and reasonable time to prepare and consult with his or her legal adviser or counsellor , and he or she may be assisted by the legal adviser or counsellor during the interview . the personal interview should be conducted under conditions which ensure confidentiality and by adequately trained and competent personnel , including where necessary , personnel from authorities of other member states or experts deployed by the european union agency for asylum . the personal interview may be omitted when the determining authority is to take a positive decision on the application or is of the opinion that the applicant is unfit or unable to be interviewed owing to enduring circumstance beyond his or her control . given that the personal interview is an essential part of the examination of the application , the interview should be recorded and the applicants and their legal advisers should be given access to the recording , as well as to the report or transcript of the interview before the determining authority takes a decision , or in the case of an accelerated examination procedure , at the same time as the decision is made .


### the lodging of the application is the act that formalises the application for international protection . the applicant should be given the necessary information as to how and where to lodge his or her application and he or she should be given an effective opportunity to do so . at this stage he or she is required to submit all the elements at his or her disposal needed to substantiate and complete the application . the time - limit for the administrative procedure starts to run from the moment an application is lodged . at that time , the applicant should be given a document which certifies his or her status as an applicant , and which should be valid for the duration of the his or her right to remain on the territory of the member state responsible for examining the application . ### the lodging of the application is the act that formalises the application for international protection . the applicant should be given the necessary information as to how and where to lodge his or her application and he or she should be given an effective opportunity to do so . at this stage he or she is bound to submit all the elements at his or her disposal needed to substantiate and complete the application . the time - limit for the administrative procedure starts to run from the moment an application is lodged . at that time , the applicant should be given a document which certifies his or her status as an applicant , and which should be valid for the duration of the his or her right to remain on the territory of the member state responsible for examining the application .


### this regulation should provide for the possibility that applicants lodge an application on behalf of their spouse , partner in a stable and durable relationship , dependant adults and minors . this option allows for the joint examination of those applications . the right of each individual to seek international protection is guaranteed by the fact that if the applicant does not apply on behalf of the spouse , partner , dependant adult or minor within the set time - limit for lodging an application , the spouse or partner may still do in his or her own name , and the dependant adult or minor should be assisted by the determining authority . however , if a separate application is not justified , it should be considered as inadmissible . ### this regulation should provide for the possibility that applicants lodge an application on behalf of dependant adults and children who are minors . this option allows for the joint examination of those applications . the right of each individual to seek international protection is guaranteed by the fact that if the applicant does not apply on behalf of the dependant adult or minor within the set time - limit for lodging an application , the dependant adult or minor should be assisted by the determining authority . however , if a separate application is not justified , it should be considered as inadmissible .


### this regulation should provide for the possibility that applicants lodge an application on behalf of their spouse , partner in a stable and durable relationship , dependant adults and minors . this option allows for the joint examination of those applications . the right of each individual to seek international protection is guaranteed by the fact that if the applicant does not apply on behalf of the spouse , partner , dependant adult or minor within the set time - limit for lodging an application , the spouse or partner may still do in his or her own name , and the dependant adult or minor should be assisted by the determining authority . however , if a separate application is not justified , it should be considered as inadmissible . ### this regulation should provide for the possibility that applicants lodge an application on behalf of dependant adults and minors . this option allows for the joint examination of those applications . the right of each individual to seek international protection is guaranteed by the fact that if the applicant does not apply on behalf of the spouse , partner , dependant adult or minor within the set time - limit for lodging an application , the dependant adult or minor should be assisted by the determining authority . however , if a separate application is not justified , it should be considered as inadmissible .


### to ensure that unaccompanied minors have effective access to the procedure , they should always be appointed a guardian . the guardian should be a person or a representative of an organisation appointed to assist and guide the minor through the procedure with a view to safeguard the best interests of the child as well his or her general well - being . where necessary , the guardian should exercise legal capacity for the minor . in order to provide effective support to the unaccompanied minors , guardians should not be placed in charge of a disproportionate number of unaccompanied minors at the same time . member states should appoint entities or persons responsible for the support , supervision and monitoring of the guardians in the performance of their tasks . an unaccompanied minor should lodge an application in his or her own name or through the guardian . in order to safeguard the rights and procedural guarantees of an unaccompanied minor , the time - limit for him or her to lodge an application should start to run from when his or her guardian is appointed and they meet . where the guardian does not lodge the application within the set time limit , the unaccompanied minor should be given an opportunity to lodge the application on his or her name with the assistance of the determining authority . the fact that an unaccompanied minor chooses to lodge an application in his or her own name should not preclude him or her from being assigned a guardian . ### to ensure that unaccompanied minors have effective access to the procedure , they should always be appointed a guardian . the guardian should be a person or a representative of an organisation appointed to assist and guide the minor through the procedure with a view to safeguard the best interests of the child as well his or her general well - being . where necessary , the guardian should exercise legal capacity for the minor . in order to provide effective support to the unaccompanied minors , guardians should not be placed in charge of a disproportionate number of unaccompanied minors and in any case no more than 20 at the same time . member states should appoint entities or persons responsible for the support , supervision and monitoring of the guardians in the performance of their tasks . an unaccompanied minor should lodge an application in his or her own name or through the guardian . in order to safeguard the rights and procedural guarantees of an unaccompanied minor , the time - limit for him or her to lodge an application should start to run from when his or her guardian is appointed and they meet . where the guardian does not lodge the application within the set time limit , the unaccompanied minor should be given an opportunity to lodge the application on his or her name with the assistance of the determining authority . the fact that an unaccompanied minor chooses to lodge an application in his or her own name should not preclude him or her from being assigned a guardian .


### to ensure that unaccompanied minors have effective access to the procedure , they should always be appointed a guardian . the guardian should be a person or a representative of an organisation appointed to assist and guide the minor through the procedure with a view to safeguard the best interests of the child as well his or her general well - being . where necessary , the guardian should exercise legal capacity for the minor . in order to provide effective support to the unaccompanied minors , guardians should not be placed in charge of a disproportionate number of unaccompanied minors at the same time . member states should appoint entities or persons responsible for the support , supervision and monitoring of the guardians in the performance of their tasks . an unaccompanied minor should lodge an application in his or her own name or through the guardian . in order to safeguard the rights and procedural guarantees of an unaccompanied minor , the time - limit for him or her to lodge an application should start to run from when his or her guardian is appointed and they meet . where the guardian does not lodge the application within the set time limit , the unaccompanied minor should be given an opportunity to lodge the application on his or her name with the assistance of the determining authority . the fact that an unaccompanied minor chooses to lodge an application in his or her own name should not preclude him or her from being assigned a guardian . ### to ensure that unaccompanied minors have effective access to the procedure , they should always be appointed a guardian . the guardian should be a person or a representative of an organisation appointed to assist and guide the minor through the procedure with a view to safeguard the best interests of the child as well his or her general well - being . where necessary , the guardian should exercise legal capacity for the minor . in order to provide effective support to the unaccompanied minors , guardians should be placed in charge of a limited number of unaccompanied minors at the same time . member states should appoint entities or persons responsible for the support , supervision and monitoring of the guardians in the performance of their tasks . an unaccompanied minor should lodge an application in his or her own name or through the guardian . in order to safeguard the rights and procedural guarantees of an unaccompanied minor , the time - limit for him or her to lodge an application should start to run from when his or her guardian is appointed and they meet . where the guardian does not lodge the application within the set time limit , the unaccompanied minor should be given an opportunity to lodge the application on his or her name with the assistance of the determining authority . the fact that an unaccompanied minor chooses to lodge an application in his or her own name should not preclude him or her from being assigned a guardian .


### before determining the member state responsible in accordance with regulation no xxx / xxx of the european parliament and of the council , 29 the first member state in which an application has been lodged should examine the admissibility of that application when a country which is not a member state is considered as a first country of asylum or safe third country for the applicant . in addition , an application should be considered to be inadmissible when it is a subsequent applicant without new relevant elements or findings and when a separate application by a spouse , partner , dependent adult or minor is not considered to be justified . _________________ 29 oj l [ … ] , [ … ] , p . [ … ] . ### before determining the member state responsible in accordance with regulation no xxx / xxx of the european parliament and of the council , 29 the first member state in which an application has been lodged might examine the admissibility of that application when a country which is not a member state is considered as a first country of asylum or safe third country for the applicant . in addition , an application should be considered to be inadmissible when it is a subsequent applicant without new relevant elements or findings and when a separate application by a spouse , partner , dependent adult or minor is not considered to be justified . _________________ 29 oj l [ … ] , [ … ] , p . [ … ] .


### where an applicant either explicitly withdraws his or her application of his or her own motion , or does not comply with the obligations arising from this regulation , regulation no xxx / xxx or directive xxx / xxx / eu thereby implicitly withdraws his or her application , the application should not be further examined and it should be rejected as explicitly withdrawn or abandoned , and any application in the member states by the same applicant further after that decision should be considered to be a subsequent application . however , the implicit withdrawal should not be automatic but the applicant should be allowed the opportunity to report to the determining authority and demonstrate that the failure to comply with those obligations was due to circumstances beyond his control . ### where an applicant either explicitly withdraws his or her application of his or her own motion , or does not comply with the obligations arising from this regulation , regulation no xxx / xxx or directive xxx / xxx / eu , his or her application will be regarded as implicitly withdrawn , the application should not be further examined and it should be rejected as explicitly withdrawn or abandoned , and any application in the member states by the same applicant further after that decision should be considered to be a subsequent application . however , the implicit withdrawal should not be automatic but the applicant should be allowed the opportunity to report to the determining authority and demonstrate that the failure to comply , on more than one occasion , with those obligations was due to circumstances beyond his control .


### as regards albania , the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in four out of 150 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , sexual orientation , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 7 , 8 % of asylum applications of citizens from albania were well - founded . at least eight member states have designated albania as a safe country of origin . albania has been designated as a candidate country by the european council . at the time of designation , the assessment was that albania fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities and albania will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report . ### as regards albania , the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in four out of 150 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 7 , 8 % of asylum applications of citizens from albania were well - founded . at least eight member states have designated albania as a safe country of origin . albania has been designated as a candidate country by the european council . at the time of designation , the assessment was that albania fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities and albania will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report .


### as regards the former yugoslav republic of macedonia , the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by principle substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in six out of 502 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , sexual orientation , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 0 , 9 % of asylum applications of citizens of the former yugoslav republic of macedonia were well - founded . at least seven member states have designated the former yugoslav republic of macedonia as a safe country of origin . the former yugoslav republic of macedonia has been designated as a candidate country by the european council . at the time of designation , the assessment was that the former yugoslav republic of macedonia fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities . the former yugoslav republic of macedonia will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report . ### as regards the former yugoslav republic of macedonia , the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by principle substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in six out of 502 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 0 , 9 % of asylum applications of citizens of the former yugoslav republic of macedonia were well - founded . at least seven member states have designated the former yugoslav republic of macedonia as a safe country of origin . the former yugoslav republic of macedonia has been designated as a candidate country by the european council . at the time of designation , the assessment was that the former yugoslav republic of macedonia fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities . the former yugoslav republic of macedonia will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report .


### as regards montenegro , the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in one out of 447 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , sexual orientation , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 3 , 0 % of asylum applications of citizens of montenegro were well - founded . at least nine member states have designated montenegro as a safe country of origin . montenegro has been designated as a candidate country by the european council and negotiations have been opened . at the time of designation , the assessment was that montenegro fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities . montenegro will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report . ### as regards montenegro , the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in one out of 447 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 3 , 0 % of asylum applications of citizens of montenegro were well - founded . at least nine member states have designated montenegro as a safe country of origin . montenegro has been designated as a candidate country by the european council and negotiations have been opened . at the time of designation , the assessment was that montenegro fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities . montenegro will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report .


### as regards serbia , the constitution provides the basis for self - governance of minority groups in the areas of education , use of language , information and culture . the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in 16 out of 11 490 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , sexual orientation , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 1 , 8 % of asylum applications of citizens from serbia were well - founded . at least nine member states have designated serbia as a safe country of origin . serbia has been designated as a candidate country by the european council and negotiations have been opened . at the time of designation , the assessment was that serbia fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities . serbia will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report . ### as regards serbia , the constitution provides the basis for self - governance of minority groups in the areas of education , use of language , information and culture . the legal basis for protection against persecution and mistreatment is adequately provided by substantive and procedural human rights and anti - discrimination legislation , including membership of all major international human rights treaties . in 2014 , the european court of human rights found violations in 16 out of 11 490 applications . there are no indications of any incidents of expulsion , removal or extradition of own citizens to third countries where , inter alia , there is a serious risk that they would be subjected to the death penalty , torture , persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment , or where their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race , religion , nationality , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion , removal or extradition to another third country . in 2014 , member states considered that 1 . 8 % of asylum applications of citizens from serbia were well - founded . at least nine member states have designated serbia as a safe country of origin . serbia has been designated as a candidate country by the european council and negotiations have been opened . at the time of designation , the assessment was that serbia fulfilled the criteria established by the copenhagen european council of 21 - 22 june 1993 relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy , the rule of law , human rights and respect for and protection of minorities . serbia will have to continue to fulfil those criteria , for becoming a member in line with the recommendations provided in the annual progress report .