### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , women suffering from addiction or older women , should receive specific protection and support.


### (57) women with disability disproportionately experience violence against women and domestic violence and due to their disability often have difficulties in accessing protection and support measures. therefore , member states should ensure they can benefit fully from the rights set out in this directive , on an equal basis with others , while paying due attention to the particular vulnerability of such victims and their likely difficulties to reach out for help. ### (57) women with disability are particularly affected by discrimination on entering the labour market and disproportionately experience violence against women and domestic violence and due to their disability often have difficulties in accessing protection and support measures. therefore , member states should ensure they can benefit fully from the rights set out in this directive , on an equal basis with others , while paying due attention to the particular vulnerability of such victims and their likely difficulties to reach out for help.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening age-appropriate relationship education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence , to set up programmes of national interest , to promote equal opportunities and to prevent and combat gender-based violence , to implement programmes to prevent and combat sexual violence , including cyberviolence , to establish psychological counselling centres for aggressors and to ensure their monitoring by specialised structures by means of electronic bracelets. prevention should also take place in schools , through programmes to combat violence and bullying and in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , through an adequate , training for teachers , as well as through multi-annual initiatives and activities aimed at actively involving students , in particular through strengthening gender equality , sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. special attention must be paid in awareness-raising campaigns to women experiencing discrimination and violence on the basis of the combination of their sex or gender and other grounds , and by victims at an increased risk of domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening inclusive sexuality and relationships education and socio-emotional competencies , such as empathy.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening comprehensive and age-appropriate sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (59) member states should take measures to prevent the cultivation of harmful gender stereotypes to eradicate the idea of the inferiority of women or stereotyped roles of women and men. this could also include measures aimed at ensuring that culture , custom , religion , tradition or honour is not perceived as a justification for , or a more lenient treatment of , offences of violence against women or domestic violence. considering that from a very young age onwards , children are exposed to gender roles that shape their self-perception and influence their academic and professional choices as well as expectations of their roles as women and men throughout their life , it is crucial to address gender stereotypes as of early-childhood education and care. ### (59) member states should take measures to prevent the cultivation of harmful stereotypes to eradicate the idea of the inferiority of women or stereotyped roles of women and men. this could also include measures aimed at ensuring that culture , custom , religion , tradition or honour is not perceived as a justification for , or a more lenient treatment of , offences of violence against women or domestic violence. it is crucial to address these stereotypes as of early-childhood.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims of violence , child abuse and , in general , all forms of violence and its mechanisms , including manipulation , psychological violence and coercive control , receive mandatory specific and continuous training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims , and should therefore be intended for the judiciary , law enforcement officers , specialised legal practitioners , forensic medical personnel , healthcare professionals , including gynaecologists and obstetricians , social workers , teachers and child carers , as well as public servants working in these fields. the training should be conducted by primarily focusing on the needs and concerns of victims as a priority. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information , in particular for judges , lawyers , law enforcement , social and medical workers , including psychologists. trainings should cover , among other things , interdisciplinary meetings modules , evaluation of risk factors and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45. training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified , are able to lodge complaints and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45. training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract women’s reticence on reporting and , consequently , the problem of underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , as well as provide for adequate places , within law enforcement and helplines for the proper reception of testimonies of women reporting offences of violence , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes and prejudices , including multiple discrimination grounds , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.


### (62) intervention programmes should be set up to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against women or domestic violence. the programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women. ### (62) intervention programmes should be set up to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against women or domestic violence. the programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending , especially where minors are affected , how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships , which is respectful of every person , and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) in order to address the issue of the eradication of gender-based violence , it is necessary to rely on consistent and comparable administrative data , based on a robust and coordinated framework for data collection. member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women , including socially and economically vulnerable groups and disabled women as well as minors , and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. data collected should include the context in which the offence took place , such as at home , at the workplace or online , as well as information about whether a victim is at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence , as this will inform future targeted policy actions. it should also include whether violence was committed against victims affected by intersectional discrimination as defined in recital 11. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. member states shall provide relevant data and information to the relevant institutions such as european institute of gender equality and eurofound in order to allow for the comparability , assessment and analysis of that data at union level. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included.


### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence. it establishes minimum rules concerning: ### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence , including cyberviolence. it establishes minimum rules concerning:


### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence. it establishes minimum rules concerning: ### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat all forms of violence against women and domestic violence. it establishes minimum rules concerning:


### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence before , during or after criminal proceedings; ### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women , of domestic violence or of cyberviolence , during or after criminal proceedings;


### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). ### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). in line with the principle of non-discrimination , in terms of protection of victims and access to justice , victim support , and prevention shall apply to all persons.


### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). ### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds , as well as to victims at an increased risk of domestic violence , so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) , article 35(1) and article 37(7).


### “violence against women” means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; ### “violence against women” means violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life;


### “violence against women” means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; ### “violence against women” is a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women , and means all acts of gender-based violence , that are directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; the nature of violence against women can also be structural , manifesting itself for example by absence of possibilities for women , unequal pay , difficulties in advancing in career and/or decision-making structures , lack of sufficient and gender-sensitive infrastructure or essential services , biased gender-roles or uneven distribution of economic resources;


### “violence against women” means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; ### “violence against women” means all acts of violence , directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life;


### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim; ### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim; the majority of such violent acts are carried out by men in their immediate social environment , most often by partners and ex-partners , and affect women disproportionately.


### “victim” means any person , regardless of sex or gender , unless specified otherwise , who has suffered harm , which was directly caused by acts of violence covered under this directive , including child witnesses of such violence; ### “victim” means any person , regardless of sex or gender , unless specified otherwise , who has suffered harm , which was directly caused by acts of violence covered under this directive , including child or other vulnerable witnesses of such violence;


### “victim” means any person , regardless of sex or gender , unless specified otherwise , who has suffered harm , which was directly caused by acts of violence covered under this directive , including child witnesses of such violence; ### “victim” means any person , regardless of sex , gender , or age , unless specified otherwise , who has suffered harm , which was directly caused by acts of violence covered under this directive , including child witnesses of such violence;


### “sexual harassment at work” means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment; ### "sexual harassment at work" means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , or in the course of , linked with , or in matters of analogous relations with employers , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment;


### “sexual harassment at work” means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment; ### “sexual harassment at work” means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , including informal and undocumented work such as domestic and care work , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment;


### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object; ### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object , or engaging in any other non-consensual act of a sexual nature that is , in view of the gravity of the act and/or its consequences to the victim , comparable to penetration. this includes intentionally and secretly ceasing to use any method of prophylaxis or reproductive control during a sexual act without the consent of the victim;


### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object; ### engaging with a person in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object;


### causing a woman to engage with another person in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object. ### causing a person to engage with another person in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object.


### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability. ### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily , an act committed using coercion or an act where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability or inability to defend herself.


### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability. ### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability or economic coercion , or in an otherwise particularly vulnerable situation. every girl and woman has the right to express themselves and their sexuality freely and in a secure way that is not interpreted as consent or sexual interaction.


### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability. ### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of fear , intimidation , unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability.


### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability. ### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the person's consent given voluntarily or where the person is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability.


### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. ### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. consent shall be assessed as of the time of the offence.


### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. ### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance , her attire or past sexual conduct.


### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. ### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the person's silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct.


### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies; ### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person , or nudity or intimate areas of another person , without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies;


### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies; ### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting or evoking sexual or intimate activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to one or more end-users by means of information and communication technologies;


### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , images , videos or other material , making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , without that person’s consent; ### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , intimate images , videos or other material , depicting other person or making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , without that person’s consent;


### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , images , videos or other material , making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , without that person’s consent; ### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to one or more end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , images , videos or other material , making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities or exposing themselves intimately , without that person’s consent;


### persistently engaging in threatening or intimidating conduct directed at another person , by means of information and communication technologies , which causes that the person fears for own safety or that the person fears for safety of dependants; ### deleted


### placing another person under continuous surveillance , without that person’s consent or legal authorisation to do so , by means of information and communication technologies , to track or monitor that person’s movements and activities; ### placing another person under surveillance , without that person’s consent or legal authorisation to do so , by means of information and communication technologies , to track or monitor that person’s movements and activities;


### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person. ### making material containing the personal data of another person , or false material representing another person in a derogatory manner , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person.


### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person. ### doxxing: making material containing or revealing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to other end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting others to cause physical , significant psychological or economic harm to the person.


### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person. ### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to one or more end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person.


### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; ### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making defamatory , threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , including but not limited to attacking or threatening another person with reference to their gender , sex or sexual activities , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person;


### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; ### initiating an attack alone or with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to one or more end-users and inciting them to share that material by means of information and communication technologies. this behaviour can have the effect of causing significant psychological or financial harm to the attacked person;


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in articles 5a , 5b , 5c and 6 are punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offences referred to in articles 6 and 6a are punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 7 years of imprisonment and at least 10 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions; ### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence including financial dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions;


### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions; ### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or subordination or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions;


### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions; ### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as pregnancy , a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions;


### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions; ### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , being victim of trafficking or living in institutions , including reception centers , detention facilities or accommodation centres for asylum seekers , or a person made vulnerable by undocumented and refugee status , including women and girls seeking asylum , or under international or temporary protection;


### the offence was committed in the presence of a child; ### the offence was committed in the presence of a child or other vulnerable person;


### the offence was committed by abusing a recognised position of trust , authority or influence; ### the offence was committed by abusing a hierarchical chain of command or subordination or a recognised position of trust , authority or influence;


### the offence was committed by abusing a recognised position of trust , authority or influence; ### the offence was committed by abusing a recognised position of trust , authority or influence , for instance that of a legal guardian;


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in articles 5a , 5b , 5c and 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in articles 6 and 6a of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. complaint mechanisms should be accessible also for victims without digital skills , victims living in remote or rural areas with a difficult access to digital tools and internet as well as for persons with disabilities.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner , in separate , reserved places that allow women to feel comfortable. this shall include also the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other accessible information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women , of domestic violence or of cyberviolence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. competent authorities must always consider that the crime presented by the victim is violence against women or domestic violence and therefore inquire this before the criminal complaint is filed. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence and meet all formal requirements of a complaint , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner , and can receive help without facing prejudice and minimising attitudes from the authorities. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner , in separate , reserved places that allow women to feel comfortable. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other accessible information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner with due regard for the victim’s privacy. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 2. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects , in good faith , that offences of violence against women or domestic violence have occurred , or that further acts of violence are to be expected , to report this to the competent authorities. ### 2. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects , in good faith , that offences of violence against women , of domestic violence or of cyberviolence have occurred , or that further acts of violence are to be expected , to report this to the competent authorities.


### 2. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects , in good faith , that offences of violence against women or domestic violence have occurred , or that further acts of violence are to be expected , to report this to the competent authorities. ### 2. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects , in good faith , that offences of violence against women or domestic violence have occurred , or that further acts of violence are to be expected , to report this in a confidential way to the competent authorities.


### 2. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects , in good faith , that offences of violence against women or domestic violence have occurred , or that further acts of violence are to be expected , to report this to the competent authorities. ### 2. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage any person who knows about or suspects , in good faith , that offences of violence against women or domestic violence have occurred , or that further acts of violence are to be expected , to report this to the competent authorities. member states shall ensure that victims of gender specific crimes are entitled to effective witness protection if needed when filing a complaint , especially protection of their personal data such as home address or birth data that shall not be revealed to perpetrators accessing the files.


### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent. ### 4. member states shall take the necessary measures to encourage and simplify the possibility for minors to report to the competent authorities. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. such reporting procedures must be conducted by trained professionals , such as doctors or psychologists , including professionals qualified in child neuropsychiatry , in order to take into account of the harmonious development of the child and to avoid deepening their trauma and victimisation. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent.


### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent. ### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women , of domestic violence or of cyberviolence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent.


### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent. ### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. to safeguard the best interests of the child , member states shall ensure that professionals specialised in caring for and supporting children are there to assist them in reporting procedures. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent.


### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. if the offence involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent. ### 4. where children report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence , member states shall ensure that the reporting procedures are safe , confidential , designed and accessible in a child-friendly manner and language , in accordance with their age and maturity. professionals trained in working with children should assist in the reporting procedure to ensure it is the best interests of the child. if the offence directly or indirectly involves the holder of parental responsibility , member states should ensure reporting is not conditional upon this person’s consent.


### 5. member states shall ensure that the competent authorities coming in contact with a victim reporting offences of violence against women or domestic violence are prohibited from transferring personal data pertaining to the residence status of the victim to competent migration authorities , at least until completion of the first individual assessment referred to in article 18. ### 5. member states shall ensure that the competent authorities coming in contact with a victim reporting offences of violence against women , of domestic violence or of cyberviolence are prohibited from transferring personal data pertaining to the residence status of the victim to competent migration authorities , at least until completion of the first individual assessment referred to in article 18.


### 5. member states shall ensure that the competent authorities coming in contact with a victim reporting offences of violence against women or domestic violence are prohibited from transferring personal data pertaining to the residence status of the victim to competent migration authorities , at least until completion of the first individual assessment referred to in article 18. ### deleted


### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient resources , expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence.


### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient expertise , effective investigative tools and the necessary human and material resources to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence.


### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient and specialised expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence.


### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation. ### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex , age and disability and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation.


### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation. ### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s and children’s specialised services , shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. psychophysical support must be provided to the victim , particularly during and after questioning procedures , taking into account the emotional tensions associated with the circumstances , and designed to prevent risk factors which could lead to further violent offences.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken using the information contained in the victim’s personal file in accordance with article 35a of this directive and in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , employers and civil society institutions , social services and healthcare professionals.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters and children's specialised services , social services and healthcare professionals.


### 7. competent authorities shall update the individual assessment at regular intervals to ensure the protection measures relate to the victim’s current situation. this shall include an assessment of whether protection measures , in particular under article 21 , need to be adapted or taken. ### 7. competent authorities shall determine a level of risk for each victim. these authorities shall allocate a series of support and prevention measures based on the level of risk. the authorities shall reassess the victim’s situation at regular intervals. the higher the level of risk , the more regularly the situation shall be reassessed. these authorities shall update the individual assessment at regular intervals to ensure the protection measures relate to the victim’s current situation. this shall include an assessment of whether protection measures , in particular under article 21 , need to be adapted or taken.


### 1. if the assessments referred to in articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support , member states shall ensure that support services contact victims to offer support. ### 1. if the assessments referred to in articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support , member states shall ensure that specialised support services contact victims to offer support.


### 1. member states shall ensure that , in situations of immediate danger for the victim’s or their dependant’s health or safety , the competent authorities issue orders addressed at an offender or suspect of violence covered by this directive to vacate the residence of the victim or their dependants for a sufficient period of time and to prohibit the offender or suspect from entering the residence or to enter the victim’s workplace or contacting the victim or their dependants in any way. such orders shall have immediate effect and not be dependent on a victim reporting the criminal offence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that , in situations of danger for the victim’s or their dependant’s health or safety , the competent authorities issue orders addressed at an offender or suspect of violence covered by this directive to vacate the residence of the victim or their dependants for a sufficient given period of time and to prohibit the offender or suspect from being within a certain distance of the victim , entering or being within a certain distance of the victim’s residence or workplace or contacting the victim or their dependants in any way. such orders shall have immediate effect and not be dependent on a victim reporting the criminal offence and can be issued independently of the reporting of the criminal offence or the initiation of a prosecution by the victim.


### 1. member states shall ensure that , in situations of immediate danger for the victim’s or their dependant’s health or safety , the competent authorities issue orders addressed at an offender or suspect of violence covered by this directive to vacate the residence of the victim or their dependants for a sufficient period of time and to prohibit the offender or suspect from entering the residence or to enter the victim’s workplace or contacting the victim or their dependants in any way. such orders shall have immediate effect and not be dependent on a victim reporting the criminal offence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that , in situations of immediate danger for the victim’s or their dependant’s health or safety , the competent authorities issue orders addressed at an offender or suspect of violence covered by this directive to vacate the residence of the victim or their dependants for a sufficient period of time and to prohibit the offender or suspect from entering the residence or to enter the victim’s workplace or contacting the victim or their dependants in any way. such orders shall have immediate effect and not be dependent on a victim reporting the criminal offence , and can be complementary to other orders outlined below.


### member states shall issue guidelines for the competent authorities acting in criminal proceedings , including prosecutorial and judicial guidelines , concerning cases of violence against women or domestic violence. those guidelines shall include guidance on: ### member states shall issue guidelines for the competent authorities acting in criminal proceedings , including prosecutorial and judicial guidelines , concerning cases of violence against women or domestic violence , including child witnesses of such violence. those guidelines shall include guidance on:


### how to treat victims in a trauma- , gender- and child-sensitive manner; ### how to treat victims in a trauma- , gender- , disability- and child-sensitive manner , always ensuring the child's right to be heard and its best interest;


### how to cater to the enhanced protection and support needs of victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds; ### how to cater to the enhanced protection and support needs of victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds;


### how to avoid gender stereotypes; ### how to avoid stereotypes;


### how to refer victims to support services , to ensure the appropriate treatment of victims and handling of cases of violence against women or domestic violence. ### how to refer victims to appropriate , timely and accessible support services , to ensure the appropriate treatment of victims and handling of cases of violence against women or domestic violence.


### provide independent assistance and advice to victims of violence against women and domestic violence; ### provide free and independent assistance and advice to victims of violence against women and domestic violence;


### exchange available information with corresponding european bodies such as the european institute for gender equality. ### exchange available information with corresponding european bodies.


### 1. member states shall ensure that victims have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against women or domestic violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that victims have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against women or domestic violence , including child witnesses of such violence.


### 1. member states shall ensure that victims have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against women or domestic violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that victims and their dependents have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against women or domestic violence.


### 4. the damage shall include costs for healthcare services , support services , rehabilitation , loss of income and other reasonable costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. the amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and psychological harm and moral prejudice. ### 4. the damage shall include costs for healthcare services , support services , rehabilitation , loss of income and other reasonable costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. the amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and psychological harm as well as mental suffering and moral prejudice.


### 4. the damage shall include costs for healthcare services , support services , rehabilitation , loss of income and other reasonable costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. the amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and psychological harm and moral prejudice. ### 4. the damage shall include costs for healthcare services , support services , rehabilitation , loss of income and other reasonable costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. the amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and psychological harm , mental suffering and moral prejudice.


### 1. member states shall ensure that specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide: ### 1. member states shall ensure that specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are adequately geographically distributed and available free of charge for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide , at the earliest possible stage:


### 1. member states shall ensure that specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide: ### 1. member states shall ensure that free specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide:


### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment; ### advice , information and support on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to shelter , housing , education , childcare , financial entitlements , training and assistance to remain in or find employment;


### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment; ### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to financial assistance , housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment;


### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations. ### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental or charitable and church-based organisations.


### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations. ### 3. member states shall ensure adequate human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations.


### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations. ### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (b) and (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations.


### 4. member states shall provide the protection and specialist support services necessary to comprehensively address the multiple needs of victims at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point , or through one-stop online access to such services. such combined offering of services shall include at least first hand medical care and social services , psychosocial support , legal , and police services. ### 4. member states shall provide the protection and specialist support services necessary to comprehensively address the multiple needs of victims at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point , or through one-stop online access to such services. such combined offering of services shall include at least first hand medical care , referral to further medical care , social services , psychosocial support , technical support , legal , and police services.


### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination. ### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant medical and support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination.


### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination. ### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals , drawn from a set of data and best practices at eu level , on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination.


### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination. ### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds of discrimination.


### 6. member states shall ensure that specialist support services remain fully operational for victims of violence against women and domestic violence in times of crisis , such as health crises or other states of emergency. ### 6. member states shall ensure that specialist medical and support services remain fully operational for victims of violence against women and domestic violence in times of crisis , such as health crises or other states of emergency.


### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner. ### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres shall provide for basic medical care and forensic examinations , timely referral to other medical care , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner.


### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner. ### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner , through specialized childcare professionals and taking into account the best interest of the child with regards to custody and visiting rights.


### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner. ### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres should have adequate human and financial resources and shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner.


### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence. these centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner. ### 1. member states shall provide for appropriately equipped , easily accessible rape crisis or sexual violence referral centres to ensure effective support to victims of sexual violence , including assisting in the preservation and documentation of evidence , which should clarify whether the motives were related to the sex or gender and other personal characteristics of the victim. these centres shall provide for medical and forensic examinations , trauma support and psychological counselling , after the offence has been perpetrated and for as long as necessary thereafter. where the victim is a child , such services shall be provided in a child-friendly manner.


### member states shall ensure external counselling services are available for victims and employers in cases of sexual harassment at work. these services shall include advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes. ### member states shall ensure external counselling services are available for victims and employers in cases of sexual harassment at work. these services shall include advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes. companies shall be assisted in meeting their obligation to protect the health and safety of their workers , with member states taking particular care not to place too heavy a burden on smes.


### member states shall ensure external counselling services are available for victims and employers in cases of sexual harassment at work. these services shall include advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes. ### member states shall ensure external independent counselling services are available for victims and employers in cases of sexual harassment at work. these services shall include advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes.


### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications. ### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide expert advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence , while taking into account existing and complementary services. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications.


### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications. ### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence. such helplines should be able to direct the victim to the necessary medical , legal , and security services. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications.


### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications. ### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence , including child witnesses of such violence. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications.


### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for victims of violence against women and domestic violence. advice shall be provided confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications. ### 1. member states shall set up state-wide round-the-clock (24/7) telephone helplines , free of charge , to provide advice for women victims of violence and domestic violence. advice shall be provided by qualified individuals confidentially or with due regard for their anonymity. member states shall ensure the provision of such service also through other information and communication technologies , including online applications providing all national emergency numbers and describing other support mechanisms existing in each member state.


### 4. [member states shall ensure that the service under paragraph 1 for victims of violence against women is operated under the harmonised number at eu level “116 016” and that the end-users are adequately informed of the existence and use of such number.] ### 4. member states shall ensure that the service under paragraph 1 for women who are victims of violence and domestic violence is operated under the harmonised number at eu level “116 016” and that the end-users are adequately informed of the existence and use of such number via large-scale communication campaigns in each member state. the eu harmonised telephone number shall be introduced in parallel with any other existing national number , where appropriate.


### 1. member states shall ensure that children are provided specific adequate support as soon as the competent authorities have reasonable grounds to believe that the children might have been subject to , including having witnessed , violence against women or domestic violence. support to children shall be specialised and age-appropriate , respecting the best interests of the child. ### 1. member states shall ensure that children are provided specific adequate support as soon as the competent authorities have reasonable grounds to believe that the children might have been subject to , including having witnessed , violence against women or domestic violence. adequate support to children shall be specialised and age-appropriate , respecting the best interests of the child.