### (15) securing biodiverse ecosystems and tackling climate change are intrinsically linked. nature and nature-based solutions , including natural carbon stocks and sinks , are fundamental for fighting the climate crisis. at the same time , the climate crisis is already a driver of terrestrial and marine ecosystem change , and the union must prepare for the increasing intensity , frequency and pervasiveness of its effects. the special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc)55 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°c pointed out that some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible. the sixth ipcc assessment report56 states that restoring ecosystems will be fundamental in helping to combat climate change and also in reducing risks to food security. the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ipbes) in its 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services57 considered climate change a key driver of change in nature , and it expected its impacts to increase over the coming decades , in some cases surpassing the impact of other drivers of ecosystem change such as changed land and sea use. ### (15) securing biodiversity and tackling climate change are intrinsically linked. nature and nature-based solutions , including natural carbon stocks and sinks , are fundamental for fighting the climate crisis. at the same time , the climate crisis is already a driver of terrestrial and marine ecosystem change , and the union must prepare for the increasing intensity , frequency and pervasiveness of its effects. the special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc)55 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°c pointed out that some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible. the sixth ipcc assessment report56 states that restoring ecosystems will be fundamental in helping to combat climate change and also in reducing risks to food security. the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ipbes) in its 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services57 considered climate change a key driver of change in nature , and it expected its impacts to increase over the coming decades , in some cases surpassing the impact of other drivers of ecosystem change such as changed land and sea use.


### (15) securing biodiverse ecosystems and tackling climate change are intrinsically linked. nature and nature-based solutions , including natural carbon stocks and sinks , are fundamental for fighting the climate crisis. at the same time , the climate crisis is already a driver of terrestrial and marine ecosystem change , and the union must prepare for the increasing intensity , frequency and pervasiveness of its effects. the special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc)55 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°c pointed out that some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible. the sixth ipcc assessment report56 states that restoring ecosystems will be fundamental in helping to combat climate change and also in reducing risks to food security. the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ipbes) in its 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services57 considered climate change a key driver of change in nature , and it expected its impacts to increase over the coming decades , in some cases surpassing the impact of other drivers of ecosystem change such as changed land and sea use. ### (15) securing ecosystems and tackling climate change are intrinsically linked. nature and nature-based solutions , including natural carbon stocks and sinks , are fundamental for fighting the climate crisis. at the same time , the climate crisis is already a driver of terrestrial and marine ecosystem change , and the union must prepare for the increasing intensity , frequency and pervasiveness of its effects. the special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc)55 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°c pointed out that some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible. the sixth ipcc assessment report56 states that restoring ecosystems will be fundamental in helping to combat climate change and also in reducing risks to food security. the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ipbes) in its 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services57 considered climate change a key driver of change in nature , and it expected its impacts to increase over the coming decades , in some cases surpassing the impact of other drivers of ecosystem change such as changed land and sea use.


### (16) regulation (eu) 2021/1119 of the european parliament and of the council58 sets out a binding objective of climate neutrality in the union by 2050 and negative emissions thereafter , and to prioritise swift and predictable emission reductions and , at the same time , enhance removals by natural sinks. the restoration of ecosystems can make an important contribution to maintaining , managing and enhancing natural sinks and to increasing biodiversity while fighting climate change. regulation (eu) 2021/1119 also requires relevant union institutions and the member states to ensure continuous progress in enhancing adaptive capacity , strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change. it also requires that member states integrate adaptation in all policy areas and promote nature-based solutions59 and ecosystem-based adaptation. ### (16) regulation (eu) 2021/1119 of the european parliament and of the council58 sets out a binding objective of climate neutrality in the union by 2050 and negative emissions thereafter , and to prioritise swift and predictable emission reductions and , at the same time , enhance removals by natural sinks. the restoration of ecosystems can make an important contribution to maintaining , managing and enhancing natural sinks and to increasing biodiversity while fighting climate change. regulation (eu) 2021/1119 also requires relevant union institutions and the member states to ensure progress in enhancing adaptive capacity , strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change. it also requires that member states integrate adaptation in all policy areas and promote nature-based solutions59 and ecosystem-based adaptation.


### (19) geo-political developments have further underlined the need to safeguard the resilience of food systems.62 evidence shows that restoring agro-ecosystems has positive impacts on food productivity in the long-term , and that the restoration of nature acts as an insurance policy to ensure the eu’s long-term sustainability and resilience. ### (19) geo-political developments have further underlined the need to safeguard the resilience of food systems and security of supply62. evidence shows that restoring agro-ecosystems has positive impacts on food productivity in the long-term , and that the restoration of nature acts as an insurance policy to ensure the eu’s long-term sustainability and resilience.


### (20) in the final report of the conference on the future of europe , citizens call on the union to protect and restore biodiversity , the landscape and oceans , eliminate pollution and to foster knowledge , awareness , education , and dialogues on environment , climate change , energy use , and sustainability.63 ### (20) in the final report of the conference on the future of europe , citizens call on the union to protect and restore biodiversity , the landscape and oceans , eliminate pollution , guarantee food security and the affordable production of food and to foster knowledge , awareness , education , and dialogues on environment , climate change , energy use , and sustainability63.


### (24) a framework and guidance67 already exist to determine good condition of habitat types protected under directive 92/43/eec and to determine sufficient quality and quantity of the habitats of species falling within the scope of that directive. restoration targets for those habitat types and habitats of species can be set based on that framework and guidance. however , such restoration will not be enough to reverse biodiversity loss and recover all ecosystems. therefore , additional obligations should be established based on specific indicators in order to enhance biodiversity at the scale of wider ecosystems. ### (24) a framework and guidance67 already exist to determine good condition of habitat types protected under directive 92/43/eec and to determine sufficient quality and quantity of the habitats of species falling within the scope of that directive. restoration targets for those habitat types and habitats of species can be set based on that framework and guidance by revising directive 92/43/eec.


### (27) deadlines should therefore be established for putting in place restoration measures within and beyond natura 2000 sites , in order to gradually improve the condition of protected habitat types across the union as well as to re-establish them until the favourable reference area needed to achieve favourable conservation status of those habitat types in the union is reached. in order to give the necessary flexibility to member states to put in place large scale restoration efforts , it is appropriate to group habitat types according to the ecosystem to which they belong and set the time-bound and quantified area-based targets for groups of habitat types. this will allow member states to choose which habitats to restore first within the group. ### (27) deadlines should therefore be established by member states for putting in place restoration measures within natura 2000 sites , in order to reach favourable conservation status of protected habitat types across the union. for member states to put in place large scale restoration efforts , it is recommended to group habitat types according to the ecosystem to which they belong and set the time-bound and quantified area-based targets for groups of habitat types. this will allow member states to choose which habitats to restore first within the group.


### (27) deadlines should therefore be established for putting in place restoration measures within and beyond natura 2000 sites , in order to gradually improve the condition of protected habitat types across the union as well as to re-establish them until the favourable reference area needed to achieve favourable conservation status of those habitat types in the union is reached. in order to give the necessary flexibility to member states to put in place large scale restoration efforts , it is appropriate to group habitat types according to the ecosystem to which they belong and set the time-bound and quantified area-based targets for groups of habitat types. this will allow member states to choose which habitats to restore first within the group. ### (27) deadlines should therefore be established by member states for putting in place restoration measures within and beyond natura 2000 sites , in order to reach favourable conservation status of protected habitat types across the union. for member states to put in place large scale restoration efforts , it is appropriate to group habitat types according to the ecosystem to which they belong and set the time-bound and quantified area-based targets for groups of habitat types. this will allow member states to choose which habitats to restore first within the group.


### (29) it is necessary that the restoration measures for habitat types are adequate and suitable to reach good condition and the favourable reference areas as swiftly as possible , with a view to achieving their favourable conservation status. it is important that the restoration measures are those necessary to achieve the time-bound and quantified area-based targets. it is also necessary that the restoration measures for the habitats of the species are adequate and suitable to reach their sufficient quality and quantity as swiftly as possible with a view to achieving the favourable conservation status of the species. ### (29) it is necessary that the restoration measures for habitat types are adequate and suitable to reach favourable conservation status as swiftly as possible. it is important that the restoration measures are those necessary to achieve the time-bound and quantified area-based targets. it is also necessary that the restoration measures for the habitats of the species are adequate and suitable to reach their sufficient quality and quantity as swiftly as possible with a view to achieving the favourable conservation status of the species.


### (31) in order to ensure that the restoration measures are efficient and that their results can be measured over time , it is essential that the areas that are subject to such restoration measures , with a view to improving the condition of habitats that fall within the scope of annex i to directive 92/43/eec , to re-establish those habitats and to improve their connectivity , show a continuous improvement until good condition is reached. ### (31) in order to ensure that the restoration measures are efficient and that their results can be measured over time , it is essential that the areas that are subject to such restoration measures , with a view to improving the condition of habitats that fall within the scope of annex i to directive 92/43/eec , to re-establish those habitats and to improve their connectivity , show a continuous improvement until good condition is reached , taking into account the possible discontinuity of improvement due to natural or external factors.


### (31) in order to ensure that the restoration measures are efficient and that their results can be measured over time , it is essential that the areas that are subject to such restoration measures , with a view to improving the condition of habitats that fall within the scope of annex i to directive 92/43/eec , to re-establish those habitats and to improve their connectivity , show a continuous improvement until good condition is reached. ### (31) in order to ensure that the restoration measures are efficient and that their results can be measured over time , it is essential that the areas that are subject to such restoration measures , with a view to improving the condition of habitats that fall within the scope of annex i to directive 92/43/eec , to re-establish those habitats and to improve their connectivity , show an improvement until favourable conservation status is reached.


### (31) in order to ensure that the restoration measures are efficient and that their results can be measured over time , it is essential that the areas that are subject to such restoration measures , with a view to improving the condition of habitats that fall within the scope of annex i to directive 92/43/eec , to re-establish those habitats and to improve their connectivity , show a continuous improvement until good condition is reached. ### (31) in order to ensure that the restoration measures are efficient and that their results can be measured over time , it is essential that the areas that are subject to such restoration measures , with a view to improving the condition of habitats that fall within the scope of annex i to directive 92/43/eec , to re-establish those habitats and to improve their connectivity until good condition is reached.


### (32) it is also essential that the areas that are subject to restoration measures with a view to improving the quality and quantity of the habitats of species that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as well as habitats of wild birds falling within the scope of directive 2009/147/ec , show a continuous improvement to contribute to the achievement of a sufficient quantity and quality of the habitats of such species. ### (32) it is also essential that the areas that are subject to restoration measures with a view to improving the quality and quantity of the habitats of species that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as well as habitats of wild birds falling within the scope of directive 2009/147/ec , show an improvement to contribute to the achievement of a sufficient quantity and quality of the habitats of such species.


### (32) it is also essential that the areas that are subject to restoration measures with a view to improving the quality and quantity of the habitats of species that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as well as habitats of wild birds falling within the scope of directive 2009/147/ec , show a continuous improvement to contribute to the achievement of a sufficient quantity and quality of the habitats of such species. ### (32) it is also essential that the areas that are subject to restoration measures with a view to improving the quality and quantity of the habitats of species that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as well as habitats of wild birds falling within the scope of directive 2009/147/ec , show improvement to contribute to the achievement of a sufficient quantity and quality of the habitats of such species.


### (33) it is important to ensure a gradual increase of the areas covered by habitat types that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec that are in good condition across the territory of member states and of the union as a whole , until the favourable reference area for each habitat type is reached and at least 90 % at member state level of that area is in good condition , so as to allow those habitat types in the union to achieve favourable conservation status. ### (33) it is important to ensure that the areas covered by habitat types that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec allow the union to achieve favourable conservation status.


### (34) it is important to ensure a gradual increase of the quality and quantity of the habitats of species that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as well as habitats of wild birds falling within the scope of directive 2009/147/ec , across the territory of member states and ultimately of the union , until it is sufficient to ensure the long-term survival of those species. ### (34) it is important that the habitats of species that fall within the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as well as habitats of wild birds falling within the scope of directive 2009/147/ec , across the territory of member states ensure the long-term survival of those species.


### (35) it is important that the areas covered by habitat types falling within the scope of this regulation do not deteriorate as compared to the current situation , considering the current restoration needs and the necessity not to further increase the restoration needs in the future. it is , however , appropriate to consider the possibility of force majeure , which may result in the deterioration of areas covered by those habitat types , as well as unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change , or as a result of a plan or project of overriding public interest , for which no less damaging alternative solutions are available , to be determined on a case by case basis , or of a plan or project authorised in accordance with article 6(4) of directive 92/43/eec. ### (35) it is important that the areas covered by habitat types falling within the scope of this regulation do not deteriorate as compared to the current situation , considering the current restoration needs and the necessity not to further increase the restoration needs in the future. it is , however , appropriate to consider the possibility of force majeure , which may result in the deterioration of areas covered by those habitat types , as well as unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change , accidental pollution , diseases or as a result of a plan or project of overriding public interest , for which no less damaging alternative solutions are available , to be determined on a case by case basis , or of a plan or project authorised in accordance with article 6(4) of directive 92/43/eec.


### (37) the marine habitat types listed in annex i to directive 92/43/eec are defined broadly and comprise many ecologically different sub-types with different restoration potential , which makes it difficult for member states to establish appropriate restoration measures at the level of those habitat types. the marine habitat types should therefore be further specified by using relevant levels of the european nature information system (eunis) classification of marine habitats. member states should establish favourable reference areas for reaching the favourable conservation status of each of those habitat types , in so far as those reference areas are not already addressed in other union legislation. ### (37) the marine habitat types listed in annex i to directive 92/43/eec are defined broadly and comprise many ecologically different sub-types with different restoration potential , which makes it difficult for member states to establish appropriate restoration measures at the level of those habitat types. the marine habitat types should therefore be further specified by using relevant levels of the european nature information system (eunis) classification of marine habitats. member states should establish favourable reference areas for reaching the favourable conservation status of each of those habitat types , in so far as those reference areas are not already addressed in other union legislation. angling associations lead multiple activities for the restoration of aquatic habitats around europe , they monitor protected areas and contribute with important citizen science for the knowledge on the evolution of species. the continuity of their presence in protected areas is beneficial and should be secured.


### (38) where the protection coastal and marine habitats requires that fishing or aquaculture activities are regulated , the common fisheries policy applies. regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council68 provides , in particular , that the common fisheries policy is to implement the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management so as to ensure that negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem are minimised. that regulation also provides that that policy is to endeavour to ensure that aquaculture and fisheries activities avoid the degradation of the marine environment. ### (38) where the protection coastal and marine habitats requires that fishing or aquaculture activities are regulated , the common fisheries policy applies. regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council68 provides , in particular , that the common fisheries policy is to implement the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management so as to ensure that negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem are minimised. that regulation also provides that that policy is to endeavour to ensure that aquaculture and fisheries activities avoid the degradation of the marine environment , always with the aims of generating economic , social and employment benefits and contributing to the availability of food products.


### (38) where the protection coastal and marine habitats requires that fishing or aquaculture activities are regulated , the common fisheries policy applies. regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council68 provides , in particular , that the common fisheries policy is to implement the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management so as to ensure that negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem are minimised. that regulation also provides that that policy is to endeavour to ensure that aquaculture and fisheries activities avoid the degradation of the marine environment. ### (38) where the protection coastal and marine habitats requires that fishing or aquaculture activities are regulated , the common fisheries policy applies. regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council68 provides , in particular , that the common fisheries policy is to implement the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management so as to ensure that negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem are minimised , while providing eu citizens with a long-term stable , secure and healthy food supply. that regulation also provides that that policy is to endeavour to ensure that aquaculture and fisheries activities avoid the degradation of the marine environment.


### (39) in order to achieve the objective of continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature , member states should make full use of the possibilities provided under the common fisheries policy. within the scope of the exclusive competence of the union with regard to conservation of marine biological resources , member states have the possibility to take non-discriminatory measures for the conservation and management of fish stocks and the maintenance or improvement of the conservation status of marine ecosystems within the limit of 12 nautical miles. in addition , member states that have a direct management interest have the possibility to agree to submit joint recommendations for conservation measures necessary for compliance with obligations under union law on the environment. such measures will be assessed and adopted according to the rules and procedures provided for under the common fisheries policy. ### (39) in order to achieve the recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature , member states should make full use of the possibilities provided under the common fisheries policy. within the scope of the exclusive competence of the union with regard to conservation of marine biological resources , member states have the possibility to take non-discriminatory measures for the conservation and management of fish stocks and the maintenance or improvement of the conservation status of marine ecosystems within the limit of 12 nautical miles. in addition , member states that have a direct management interest have the possibility to agree to submit joint recommendations for conservation measures necessary for compliance with obligations under union law on the environment. such measures will be assessed and adopted according to the rules and procedures provided for under the common fisheries policy.


### (39) in order to achieve the objective of continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature , member states should make full use of the possibilities provided under the common fisheries policy. within the scope of the exclusive competence of the union with regard to conservation of marine biological resources , member states have the possibility to take non-discriminatory measures for the conservation and management of fish stocks and the maintenance or improvement of the conservation status of marine ecosystems within the limit of 12 nautical miles. in addition , member states that have a direct management interest have the possibility to agree to submit joint recommendations for conservation measures necessary for compliance with obligations under union law on the environment. such measures will be assessed and adopted according to the rules and procedures provided for under the common fisheries policy. ### (39) in order to achieve the objective of predictable , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature , member states should make full use of the possibilities provided under the common fisheries policy. within the scope of the exclusive competence of the union with regard to conservation of marine biological resources , member states have the possibility to take non-discriminatory measures for the conservation and management of fish stocks and the maintenance or improvement of the conservation status of marine ecosystems within the limit of 12 nautical miles. in addition , member states that have a direct management interest have the possibility to agree to submit joint recommendations for conservation measures necessary for compliance with obligations under union law on the environment. such measures will be assessed and adopted according to the rules and procedures provided for under the common fisheries policy.


### (41) it is important that restoration measures are also put in place for the habitats of certain marine species , such as sharks and rays , that fall within the scope of the convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals , but outside the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as they have an important function in the ecosystem. ### (41) it is important that , on the basis of the best scientific opinions available concerning fisheries and , if applicable , following evaluation by the competent body of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations (fao) , the restoration measures considered necessary are put in place for the habitats of certain marine species that fall outside annex ii to directive 92/43/eec but which have an important function in the ecosystem.


### (41) it is important that restoration measures are also put in place for the habitats of certain marine species , such as sharks and rays , that fall within the scope of the convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals , but outside the scope of directive 92/43/eec , as they have an important function in the ecosystem. ### (41) member states should also put in place restoration measures , where useful and necessary , for the habitats of other marine species that are not listed in annex ii of this directive , as every one of them fulfils an important function in the ecosystem.


### (42) to support the restoration and non-deterioration of terrestrial , freshwater , coastal and marine habitats , member states have the possibility to designate additional areas as ‘protected areas’ or ‘strictly protected areas’ , to implement other effective area-based conservation measures , and to promote private land conservation measures. ### (42) to support the restoration and non-deterioration of terrestrial , freshwater , coastal and marine habitats , member states have the possibility to designate additional areas as ‘protected areas’ or ‘strictly protected areas’ , to implement other effective area-based conservation measures , and to promote private land conservation measures. the establishment of protected areas does not have to be incompatible with the sustainable practice of activities , including extractive ones , as long as they do not compromise the values of the protected areas , are demarcated in accordance with the best available scientific knowledge and advice and there is adequate management and control.


### (45) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 requires greater efforts to restore freshwater ecosystems and the natural functions of rivers. the restoration of freshwater ecosystems should include efforts to restore the natural longitudinal and lateral connectivity of rivers as well as their riparian areas and floodplains , including through the removal of barriers with a view to supporting the achievement of favourable conservation status for rivers , lakes and alluvial habitats and species living in those habitats protected by directives 92/43/eec and 2009/147/ec , and the achievement of one of the key objectives of the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , namely , the restoration of at least 25 000 km of free-flowing rivers. when removing barriers , member states should primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply or other uses. ### (45) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 requires greater efforts to restore freshwater ecosystems and the natural functions of rivers. the restoration of freshwater ecosystems should include efforts to restore the natural longitudinal and lateral connectivity of rivers as well as their riparian areas and floodplains , including through the removal of barriers that have been specifically demonstrated by a local impact study to be harmful for ecosystems , bringing together the local administrative authorities and the stakeholders active in managing ecosystems , with a view to supporting the achievement of favourable conservation status for rivers , lakes and alluvial habitats and species living in those habitats protected by directives 92/43/eec and 2009/147/ec , and the achievement of one of the key objectives of the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , namely , the restoration of free-flowing rivers where relevant. when removing barriers , member states should primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply or other uses.


### (45) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 requires greater efforts to restore freshwater ecosystems and the natural functions of rivers. the restoration of freshwater ecosystems should include efforts to restore the natural longitudinal and lateral connectivity of rivers as well as their riparian areas and floodplains , including through the removal of barriers with a view to supporting the achievement of favourable conservation status for rivers , lakes and alluvial habitats and species living in those habitats protected by directives 92/43/eec and 2009/147/ec , and the achievement of one of the key objectives of the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , namely , the restoration of at least 25 000 km of free-flowing rivers. when removing barriers , member states should primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply or other uses. ### (45) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 requires greater efforts to restore freshwater ecosystems and the natural functions of rivers. the restoration of freshwater ecosystems should include efforts to restore the natural longitudinal and lateral connectivity of rivers as well as their riparian areas and floodplains , including through the removal of barriers with a view to supporting the achievement of favourable conservation status for rivers , lakes and alluvial habitats and species living in those habitats protected by directives 92/43/eec and 2009/147/ec , and the achievement of one of the key objectives of the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , namely , the restoration of at least 25 000 km of free-flowing rivers. when removing barriers , member states should primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply or other uses. the ability of fish to pass through rivers is a basic prerequisite for the repopulation of our rivers and streams and for the preservation of aquatic biodiversity.


### (60) in order to ensure coherence between the objectives of this regulation and directive (eu) 2018/200184 , regulation (eu) 2018/199985 and directive 98/70/ec of the european parliament and of the council as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources86 , in particular , during the preparation of national restoration plans , member states should take account of the potential for renewable energy projects to make contributions towards meeting nature restoration objectives. ### (60) in order to ensure coherence between the objectives of this regulation and directive (eu) 2018/200184 , regulation (eu) 2018/199985 and directive 98/70/ec of the european parliament and of the council as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources86 , in particular , during the preparation of national restoration plans , member states should consult with relevant stakeholders to take account of the potential for renewable energy projects to make contributions towards meeting nature restoration objectives.


### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99 and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102 to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103 is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way. ### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , including compensation to sectors impacted by possible loss of income. member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99 and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102 to biodiversity objectives. regulation (eu) 2021/1139 must be amended to allow compensation by the emfaf in those cases where the marine ecosystem restoration or conservation measures result in a loss of income for fisheries or shellfish sector operators. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103 is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way.


### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way. ### (70) the achievement of the objectives and obligations set out in this regulation requires significant human and financial resources. not only are additional human resources required , but also additional financial resources , which are necessary to compensate for use restrictions or additional costs incurred in connection with implementation on areas used for agriculture , forestry and fisheries. otherwise , there is a risk of potential competitive disadvantages in the globalised market. to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is therefore of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99 and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. the implementation of the corresponding restoration measures on agricultural land entails a loss of yields , higher requirements and standards , increased effort and costs for farmers.at the same time , requirements for farmers under the green deal will continue to increase in terms of biodiversity protection , environmental protection , climate protection and animal welfare.in addition to the common agricultural policy (cap) funds through the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) and the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd) , further funds must therefore be earmarked.after all , in addition to strengthened environmental , climate protection and animal welfare objectives and the increasing need to finance adaptation measures to climate change , the cap must continue to ensure the supply of high-quality and healthy food to the population at reasonable prices.it must also strengthen rural areas and contribute sufficiently to securing the income of family farms.therecovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way.


### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way. ### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. for farmers , the demand for more extensive farming of agricultural land with higher requirements and standards implies an increased effort , lower yields and higher costs , leading to possible competitive disadvantages in the global market.the resources of the common agricultural policy (cap) through the eagf and the eafrd must therefore be deposited with corresponding additional appropriations.the cap must continue to ensure the sufficient supply of high-quality and nutrious food to the population at reasonable prices , while strengthening rural areas and generating a decent income for all farmers , including small farms.the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way.


### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way. ### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration. member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 , the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way. the european union should not only make existing funds available and ensure that they are complementary but also allocate robust additional funding to this regulation , given its challenging nature , urgency and complexity.as they are home to the majority of the eu's biodiversity , the outermost regions should receive bonuses for meeting protection and restoration targets.


### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life)96 , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf)97 ,the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd)98 , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund99and the just transition fund100 , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe101 , contributes to biodiversity objectives with the ambition to dedicate 7 ,5 % in 2024 , and 10 % in 2026 and in 2027 of annual spending under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework102to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf)103is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way. ### (70) to ensure the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this regulation , it is of utmost importance that adequate private and public investments are made in restoration , member states should integrate expenditure for biodiversity objectives , including in relation to opportunity and transition costs resulting from the implementation of the national restoration plans , in their national budgets and reflect how union funding is used. regarding the union funding , expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes , such as the programme for the environment and climate action (life) , the european maritime fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf) the european agricultural fund for rural development (eafrd) , the european agricultural guarantee fund (eagf) , the european regional development fund (erdf) , the cohesion fund and the just transition fund , as well as the union framework programme for research and innovation , horizon europe , contributes to biodiversity objectives. the recovery and resilience facility (rrf) is a further source of funding for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. with reference to the life programme , special attention should be given to the appropriate use of the strategic nature projects (snaps) as a specific tool that could support the implementation of this regulation , by way of mainstreaming available financial resources in an effective and efficient way.


### (74) in line with the commitment in the 8th environment action programme to 2030107 , member states should phaseout environmentally harmful subsidies at national level , making the best use of market-based instruments and green budgeting tools , including those required to ensure a socially fair transition , and supporting businesses and other stakeholders in developing standardised natural capital accounting practices. ### (74) in line with the commitment in the 8th environment action programme to 2030107 , member states should work towards phasingout environmentally harmful subsidies at national level , making the best use of market-based instruments and green budgeting tools , including those required to ensure a socially fair transition , and supporting businesses and other stakeholders in developing standardised natural capital accounting practices.


### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission in respect of amending annexes i to vii to adapt the group of habitats , to update the information on the common farmland bird index , as well as to adapt the list of biodiversity indicators for agricultural ecosystems , the list of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems and the list of marine species to the latest scientific evidence and the examples of restoration measures. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states’ experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. ### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states' experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts.


### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108 . ### (76) in order to ensure the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108 .


### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108. ### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council .


### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108. ### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers may only be conferred on the commission to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108.


### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108. ### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108.


### (78) since the objectives of this regulation cannot be sufficiently achieved by member states but can rather , by reason of its scale and effects , be better achieved at union level , the union may adopt measures , in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in article 5 of the treaty on european union. in accordance with the principle of proportionality , as set out in that article , this regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives. ### (78) the objectives of this directive can be sufficiently achieved by member states.


### 1. this regulation lays down rules to contribute to: ### 1. the aim of this directive is to contribute to:


### the continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of ecosystems; ### the continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of ecosystems in good condition as pursued already by directive 92/43/eec and directive 2009/147/ec;


### the continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of ecosystems; ### the recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas;


### the continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of ecosystems; ### biodiverse , resilient and productive ecosystems across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of degraded ecosystems;


### the continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of ecosystems; ### the continuous , long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient nature across the union’s land and sea areas through the restoration of ecosystems to good condition as specified by directives 92/43/ec and 2009/147/ec;


### achieving the union’s overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation; ### achieving the union’s overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation , climate change adaptation and sustainable development;


### achieving the union’s overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation; ### achieving the union’s objectives concerning climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation;


### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , without delay , effective and area-based restoration measures which together shall cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas and , by 2050 , all ecosystems in need of restoration. ### 2. the aim of the measures to be adopted under this directive shall be the effective and area-based restoration by 2030 of , in total , at least 20% of the union’s land and sea areas in need of restoration.


### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , without delay , effective and area-based restoration measures which together shall cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas and , by 2050 , all ecosystems in need of restoration. ### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , without delay , effective and area-based restoration measures which together shall cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas in need of restoration.


### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , without delay , effective and area-based restoration measures which together shall cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas and , by 2050 , all ecosystems in need of restoration. ### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , without delay , effective restoration measures which together shall cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas and , by 2050 , all habitats in need of restoration.


### this regulation applies to ecosystems referred to in articles 4 to 10: ### this regulation applies to habitats referred to in articles 4 to 10:


### (1) ‘ecosystem’ means a dynamic complex of plant , animal , and microorganism communities and their non-living environment , interacting as a functional unit , and includes habitat types , habitats of species and species populations; ### (1) ‘ecosystem’ means a dynamic complex of plant , animal , and microorganism communities and their non-living environment , interacting as a functional unit , and includes habitat types artificial or not , habitats of species and species populations;


### (3) ‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem towards or to good condition , of a habitat type to the highest level of condition attainable and to its favourable reference area , of a habitat of a species to a sufficient quality and quantity , or of species populations to satisfactory levels , as a means of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience; ### (3) ‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem towards a compliant conservation situation of a habitat type of a species , or of species populations , as defined in directive 92/43/ecc and directive 2009/147/ec;


### (3) ‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem towards or to good condition , of a habitat type to the highest level of condition attainable and to its favourable reference area , of a habitat of a species to a sufficient quality and quantity , or of species populations to satisfactory levels , as a means of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience; ### (3) ‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of a habitat towards favourable conservation status , of a habitat of a species to a sufficient quality and quantity , or of species populations to satisfactory levels , as a means of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience;


### (4) ‘good condition’ means a state where the key characteristics of an ecosystem , namely its physical , chemical , compositional , structural and functional state , and its landscape and seascape characteristics , reflect the high level of ecological integrity , stability and resilience necessary to ensure its long-term maintenance; ### (4) ‘favourable conservation status' means the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-term distribution and abundance of its population within the european territory of the eu member states.


### (4) ‘good condition’ means a state where the key characteristics of an ecosystem , namely its physical , chemical , compositional , structural and functional state , and its landscape and seascape characteristics , reflect the high level of ecological integrity , stability and resilience necessary to ensure its long-term maintenance; ### (4) ‘good condition’ means an advantageous or favourable conservation status of natural habitats or species as defined in directive 92/43/eec and directive 2009/147/ec;


### (5) ‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its species , and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range , and which is composed of the area of the habitat type and , if that area is not sufficient , the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type; ### (5) ‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type listed in annex i of directive 92/43/eec in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its species , and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range , and which is composed of the area of the habitat type and , if that area is not sufficient , the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type , taking also into account the unavoidable deterioration of areas and natural habitats;


### (5) ‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its species , and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range , and which is composed of the area of the habitat type and , if that area is not sufficient , the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type; ### (5) ‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type listed in annex ii in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its species , and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range , and which is composed of the area of the habitat type and , if that area is not sufficient , the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type , taking into account , in addition , the inevitable deterioration of the areas covered as a result of force majeure events;


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex i which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30 % of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex i that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , on at least 60 % by 2040 , and on at least 90 % by 2050. ### 1. member states shall put in place restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex i which are not in good condition.


### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex i in areas not covered by those habitat types. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 30 % of the additional overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types listed in annex i , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , at least 60 % of that surface by 2040 , and 100 % of that surface by 2050. ### 2. member states shall put in place restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex i in areas not covered by those habitat types.


### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 of this article shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance including their typical species , as referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 of this article. areas where the habitat types listed in annex i are in unknown condition shall be considered as not being in good condition. ### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 of this article shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance including their typical species , as referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 of this article.


### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i until good condition is reached , and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 , until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached , and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached , do not deteriorate. ### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show an improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i until favourable conservation status is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which favourable conservation status has been reached do not deteriorate.


### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i until good condition is reached , and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 , until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached , and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached , do not deteriorate. ### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i until good condition is reached , and improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 , until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached , taking into account the unpredictability of some external or natural factors that could prevent any improvement. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached , and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached , do not deteriorate.


### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i until good condition is reached , and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 , until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached , and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached , do not deteriorate. ### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show an improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex i until good condition is reached , and an improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 , until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached , and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached , do not deteriorate.


### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; or ### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change , accidental pollution or diseases; or


### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change: or ### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change , accidental pollution , diseases: or


### an increase of habitat area in good condition for habitat types listed in annex i until at least 90 % is in good condition and until the favourable reference area for each habitat type in each biogeographic region of their territory is reached; ### an increase of habitat area in favourable conservation status for habitat types listed in annex i;


### an increase of habitat area in good condition for habitat types listed in annex i until at least 90 % is in good condition and until the favourable reference area for each habitat type in each biogeographic region of their territory is reached; ### an increase of habitat area in favourable conservation status for habitat types listed in annex i until at least 90 % is in favourable conservation status;


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30 % of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , on at least 60 % by 2040 , and on at least 90 % by 2050. ### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to favourable conservation status areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition.


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30 % of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , on at least 60 % by 2040 , and on at least 90 % by 2050. ### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition of habitat types listed in annex ii which are evaluated not in good condition based on the best obtainable knowledge. such measures shall be in place on at least 20 % of each areas of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 by 2030.


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30 % of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , on at least 60 % by 2040 , and on at least 90 % by 2050. ### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30% of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030.


### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 30 % of the additional overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , at least 60 % of that surface by 2040 , and 100 % of that surface by 2050. ### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types.


### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 30 % of the additional overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , at least 60 % of that surface by 2040 , and 100 % of that surface by 2050. ### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in estimated areas not covered by those habitat types , based on the best available knowledge. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 20 % of the overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types , based on the best available knowledge , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12.


### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 30 % of the additional overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , at least 60 % of that surface by 2040 , and 100 % of that surface by 2050. ### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 30 % of the additional overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030.


### 3. member states shall put in place the restoration measures for the marine habitats of species listed in annex iii and in annexes ii , iv and v to directive 92/43/eec and for the marine habitats of wild birds covered under directive 2009/147/ec , that are necessary in order to improve the quality and quantity of those habitats , including by re-establishing them , and to enhance connectivity , until sufficient quality and quantity of those habitats is achieved. ### 3. member states shall put in place the restoration measures for the marine habitats of species listed in annex iii and in annexes ii , iv and v to directive 92/43/eec and for the marine habitats of wild birds covered under directive 2009/147/ec , that are necessary in order to improve the quality and quantity of those habitats , including by re-establishing them , and to enhance connectivity , until sufficient quality and quantity of those habitats is achieved. progress towards the attainment of those targets shall be kept under constant review and , if necessary , shall be amended to mitigate inappropriate impact on biodiversity , food security or the competitiveness of fisheries or aquaculture producers.


### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3. areas where the habitat types listed in annex ii are in unknown condition shall be considered as not being in good condition. ### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3.


### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3. areas where the habitat types listed in annex ii are in unknown condition shall be considered as not being in good condition. ### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3. areas where the habitat types listed in annex ii are in unknown condition shall need scientific attention in order to fill the information gap.


### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3. areas where the habitat types listed in annex ii are in unknown condition shall be considered as not being in good condition. ### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 , as well as an extensive consultation and prior assessment of the socio-economic impact on the fisheries and aquaculture sectors concerned.


### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii until good condition is reached , and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached do not deteriorate. ### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii until favourable conservation status is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which favourable conservation status has been reached do not deteriorate.


### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii until good condition is reached , and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached do not deteriorate. ### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii until good condition is reached , and improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached do not deteriorate.


### restoration of the natural connectivity of rivers and natural functions of the related floodplains ### restoration of the lateral and longitudinal connectivity of rivers and natural functions of the related floodplains


### meeting the union’s international commitments. ### meeting the union’s international commitments , notably under the paris agreement , convention on biological diversity , and 2030 agenda for sustainable development.


### 4. the commission may address observations to member states within six months of the date of receipt of the draft national restoration plan. ### 4. the commission may address observations to member states within nine months of the date of receipt of the draft national restoration plan.


### (53) the common agricultural policy (cap) aims to support and strengthen environmental protection , including biodiversity. the policy has among its specific objectives to contribute to halting and reversing biodiversity loss , enhance ecosystem services and preserve habitats and landscapes. the new cap conditionality standard nr. 8 on good agricultural and environmental conditions (gaec 8)77 , requires beneficiaries of area related payments to have at least 4% of arable land at farm level devoted to non-productive areas and features , including land lying fallow and to retain existing landscape features. the 4% share to be attributed to compliance with that gaec standard can be reduced to 3 % if certain pre-requisites are met78 . that obligation will contribute to member states reaching a positive trend in high-diversity landscape features on agricultural land. in addition , under the cap , member states have the possibility to set up eco-schemes for agricultural practices carried out by farmers on agricultural areas that may include maintenance and creation of landscape features or non-productive areas. similarly , in their cap strategic plans , member states can also include agri-environment-climate commitments including the enhanced management of landscape features going beyond conditionality gaec 8 and/or eco-schemes. life nature and biodiversity projects will also help to put europe's biodiversity on agricultural land on a path to recovery by 2030 , by supporting the implementation of directive 92/43/eec and directive 2009/147/ec as well as the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030. ### (53) the common agricultural policy (cap) is focused on social , environmental and economic goals and aims to support and strengthen environmental protection , including biodiversity. the policy has among its specific objectives to contribute to halting and reversing biodiversity loss , enhance ecosystem services and preserve habitats and landscapes. the new cap conditionality standard nr. 8 on good agricultural and environmental conditions (gaec 8)77 , requires beneficiaries of area related payments to have at least 4% of arable land at farm level devoted to non-productive areas and features , including land lying fallow and to retain existing landscape features. the 4% share to be attributed to compliance with that gaec standard can be reduced to 3 % if certain pre-requisites are met78 . that obligation will contribute to member states reaching a positive trend in high-diversity landscape features on agricultural land. in addition , under the cap , member states have the possibility to set up eco-schemes for agricultural practices carried out by farmers on agricultural areas that may include maintenance and creation of landscape features or non-productive areas. similarly , in their cap strategic plans , member states can also include agri-environment-climate commitments including the enhanced management of landscape features going beyond conditionality gaec 8 and/or eco-schemes. life nature and biodiversity projects will also help to put europe's biodiversity on agricultural land on a path to recovery by 2030 , by supporting the implementation of directive 92/43/eec and directive 2009/147/ec as well as the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030.