### (20) permit conditions should be regularly reviewed and , where necessary , updated by the competent authority to ensure compliance with relevant legislation. such review or update should also take place where it is necessary for the installation to comply with an environmental quality standard , including in the case of a new or revised environmental quality standard or where the status of the receiving environment requires a revision of the permit in order to achieve compliance with plans and programmes set under union legislation , such as the river basin management plans under directive 2000/60/ec of the european parliament and of the council72. ### (20) permit conditions should be regularly reviewed and , where necessary , updated by the competent authority to ensure compliance with relevant legislation. such review or update should also take place where it is necessary for the installation to comply with an environmental quality standard , including in the case of a new or revised environmental quality standard or where the status of the receiving environment requires a revision of the permit in order to achieve compliance with plans and programmes set under union legislation , such as the river basin management plans under directive 2000/60/ec of the european parliament and of the council. production installations must be given adequate transition time to comply with the new permit conditions , such that production , human resources and end consumers are as unaffected as possible. the transition period should be determined according to the type and capacity of the installation.


### (22) as clarified by the case-law of the court of justice73 , member states may not restrict legal standing to challenge a decision of a public authority to those members of the public concerned who participated in the preceding administrative procedure to adopt that decision. as also clarified by the case-law of the court of justice74 , effective access to justice in environmental matters and effective remedies requires inter alia that members of the public concerned should have the right to ask the court or ancompetent independent and impartial body to order interim measures to prevent a given instance of pollution , including , where necessary , through the temporary suspension of the disputed permit. therefore , it should be specified that legal standing should not be made conditional on the role that the concerned member of the public played during a participatory phase of the decision-making procedures under this directive. in addition , any review procedure should be fair , equitable , timely and not prohibitively expensive , and provide for adequate and effective redress mechanisms , including injunctive relief as appropriate. ### (22) as clarified by the case-law of the court of justice73 , member states may not restrict legal standing to challenge a decision of a public authority to those members of the public concerned who participated in the preceding administrative procedure to adopt that decision. as also clarified by the case-law of the court of justice74 , effective access to justice in environmental matters and effective remedies requires inter alia that members of the public concerned should have the right to ask the court or ancompetent independent and impartial body to order interim measures to prevent a given instance of pollution , including , where necessary , through the temporary suspension of the disputed permit. in addition , any review procedure should be fair , equitable , timely and not prohibitively expensive , and provide for adequate and effective redress mechanisms , including injunctive relief as appropriate.


### (22) as clarified by the case-law of the court of justice73 , member states may not restrict legal standing to challenge a decision of a public authority to those members of the public concerned who participated in the preceding administrative procedure to adopt that decision. as also clarified by the case-law of the court of justice74 , effective access to justice in environmental matters and effective remedies requires inter alia that members of the public concerned should have the right to ask the court or ancompetent independent and impartial body to order interim measures to prevent a given instance of pollution , including , where necessary , through the temporary suspension of the disputed permit. therefore , it should be specified that legal standing should not be made conditional on the role that the concerned member of the public played during a participatory phase of the decision-making procedures under this directive. in addition , any review procedure should be fair , equitable , timely and not prohibitively expensive , and provide for adequate and effective redress mechanisms , including injunctive relief as appropriate. ### (22) as clarified by the case-law of the court of justice73 , member states may not restrict legal standing to challenge a decision of a public authority to those members of the public concerned who participated in the preceding administrative procedure to adopt that decision. as also clarified by the case-law of the court of justice74 , effective access to justice in environmental matters and effective remedies requires inter alia that members of the public concerned should have the right to ask the court or ancompetent independent and impartial body to order interim measures to prevent a given instance of pollution , including , where necessary , through the temporary suspension of the disputed permit. therefore , it should be specified that legal standing should not be made conditional on the role that the member of the public concerned played during a participatory phase of the decision-making procedures under this directive. in addition , any review procedure should be fair , equitable , timely and not prohibitively expensive , and provide for adequate and effective redress mechanisms , including injunctive relief as appropriate.


### (27) in light of the high number of rearing installations that should be included within the scope of directive 2010/75/eu , and the relative simplicity of the processes and emissions patterns of such installations , it is appropriate to set out specific administrative procedures for issuing permits and for the operation of the relevant activities which are adapted to the sector , without prejudice to requirements related to public information and participation , montoring and compliance. ### (27) given that farms operating in the pig and poultry rearing sector constitute a significant proportion , and that they could be included within the scope of directive 2010/75/eu , and in light of the relative simplicity of the processes and emissions patterns of such installations , it is appropriate to set out specific simplified administrative procedures for issuing permits and for the operation of the relevant activities which are adapted to the sector , without prejudice to requirements related to public information , participation , montoring , compliance or production capacity. at the same time , the requirements in the text of the directive should not create additional administrative or financial burdens that hinder the activities of small and medium-sized farms in particular.


### (27) in light of the high number of rearing installations that should be included within the scope of directive 2010/75/eu , and the relative simplicity of the processes and emissions patterns of such installations , it is appropriate to set out specific administrative procedures for issuing permits and for the operation of the relevant activities which are adapted to the sector , without prejudice to requirements related to public information and participation , montoring and compliance. ### (27) due to the fact that livestock installations are difficult to compare with other activities falling within the scope of directive 2010/75/eu , as their emission patterns are significantly more complex , it is appropriate to establish specific administrative procedures , adapted to the sector , for granting permits and the pursuit of the relevant activities.


### (27) in light of the high number of rearing installations that should be included within the scope of directive 2010/75/eu , and the relative simplicity of the processes and emissions patterns of such installations , it is appropriate to set out specific administrative procedures for issuing permits and for the operation of the relevant activities which are adapted to the sector , without prejudice to requirements related to public information and participation , montoring and compliance. ### (27) in light of the high number of pig and poultry farms that should be included within the scope of directive 2010/75/eu , and the relative simplicity of the processes and emissions patterns of such farms , it is appropriate to set out specific simplified administrative procedures for issuing permits and for the operation of the relevant activities which are adapted to the sector , without prejudice to requirements related to public information and participation , montoring and compliance.


### (30) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of directive 2010/75/eu , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission as regards the establishment of (i) the format to be used for the permit summary; (ii) a standardised methodology for assessing the disproportionality between the costs of implementation of the bat conclusions and the potential environmental benefits , (iii) the measuring method for assessing compliance with emission limit values set out in the permit with regard to emissions to air and water , (iv) the detailed arrangements necessary for the establishment and functioning of the innovation centre for industrial transformation and emissions , and (v) the format to be used for transformation plans. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and of the council78 . ### (30) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of directive 2010/75/eu , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission as regards the establishment of (i) the format to be used for the permit summary; (ii) the measuring method for assessing compliance with emission limit values set out in the permit with regard to emissions to air and water , (iii) the detailed arrangements necessary for the establishment and functioning of the innovation centre for industrial transformation and emissions , and (iv) the format to be used for transformation plans. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and of the council78 .


### (31) in order to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of the obligations set out in directive 2010/75/eu , it is necessary to specify the minimum content of effective , proportionate and dissuasive penalties. disparities in penalties regimes , the fact that imposed penalties are deemed in many cases too low to truly have a deterrent effect on illegal behaviours , and the lack of uniform implementation across member states , undermine the level playing field on industrial emissions throughout the union. account should be taken of directive 2008/99/ec on the protection of the environment through criminal law where a detected infringement under this directive constitutes an offence within the scope directive 2008/99/ec. ### (31) in order to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of the obligations set out in directive 2010/75/eu , it is necessary that these provisions be linked to those contained in directive 2008/99/ec on the protection of the environment through criminal law; the latter directive shall thus be taken into account where a detected infringement under this directive constitutes an offence within the scope directive 2008/99/ec.


### (33) it is therefore appropriate for directive 2010/75/eu to address the right for compensation for damages suffered by individuals. to ensure that individuals can defend their rights against damages to health caused by violations of directive 2010/75/eu and thereby ensure a more efficient enforcement of that directive , non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment , including those promoting the protection of consumers and meeting any requirements under national law , as members of the public concerned , should be empowered to engage in proceedings , as the member states so determine , either on behalf or in support of any victim , without prejudice to national rules of procedure concerning representation and defence before the courts. member states usually enjoy procedural autonomy to ensure an effective remedy against violations of union law , subject to the respect of the principles of equivalence and effectivity. however , experience shows that while there is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence on the negative health impacts of pollution on the population , in particular as regards air , it is difficult for the victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu under the procedural rules on the burden of proof generally applicable in the member states to demonstrate a causality link between the suffered harm and the violation. as a result , in the majority of cases , victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu do not have an effective way to obtain compensation for the harm caused by such violations. to strengthen the rights of individuals to obtain compensation for violations of directive 2010/75/eu and to contribute to a more efficient enforcement of its requirements throughout the union , it is necessary to adapt the burden of proof applicable to such situations. therefore , when an individual can provide sufficiently robust evidence to give rise to a presumption that the violation of directive 2010/75/eu is at the origins of the damage caused to the health of an individual , or has significantly contributed to it , it should be for the defendant to rebut that presumption in order to escape his liability. ### (33) it is therefore appropriate for directive 2010/75/eu to address the right for compensation for damages suffered by individuals. to ensure that individuals can defend their rights against damages to health caused by violations of directive 2010/75/eu and thereby ensure a more efficient enforcement of that directive , non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment , including those promoting the protection of consumers and meeting any requirements under national law , as members of the public concerned , should be empowered to engage in proceedings , as the member states so determine , either on behalf or in support of any victim , without prejudice to national rules of procedure concerning representation and defence before the courts. member states usually enjoy procedural autonomy to ensure an effective remedy against violations of union law , subject to the respect of the principles of equivalence and effectivity. however , experience shows that while there is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence on the negative health impacts of pollution on the population , in particular as regards air , it is difficult for the victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu under the procedural rules on the burden of proof generally applicable in the member states to demonstrate a causality link between the suffered harm and the violation. as a result , in the majority of cases , victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu do not have an effective way to obtain compensation for the harm caused by such violations. to strengthen the rights of individuals to obtain compensation for violations of directive 2010/75/eu and to contribute to a more efficient enforcement of its requirements throughout the union , it is helpful to adapt the burden of proof applicable to such situations.


### (33) it is therefore appropriate for directive 2010/75/eu to address the right for compensation for damages suffered by individuals. to ensure that individuals can defend their rights against damages to health caused by violations of directive 2010/75/eu and thereby ensure a more efficient enforcement of that directive , non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment , including those promoting the protection of consumers and meeting any requirements under national law , as members of the public concerned , should be empowered to engage in proceedings , as the member states so determine , either on behalf or in support of any victim , without prejudice to national rules of procedure concerning representation and defence before the courts. member states usually enjoy procedural autonomy to ensure an effective remedy against violations of union law , subject to the respect of the principles of equivalence and effectivity. however , experience shows that while there is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence on the negative health impacts of pollution on the population , in particular as regards air , it is difficult for the victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu under the procedural rules on the burden of proof generally applicable in the member states to demonstrate a causality link between the suffered harm and the violation. as a result , in the majority of cases , victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu do not have an effective way to obtain compensation for the harm caused by such violations. to strengthen the rights of individuals to obtain compensation for violations of directive 2010/75/eu and to contribute to a more efficient enforcement of its requirements throughout the union , it is necessary to adapt the burden of proof applicable to such situations. therefore , when an individual can provide sufficiently robust evidence to give rise to a presumption that the violation of directive 2010/75/eu is at the origins of the damage caused to the health of an individual , or has significantly contributed to it , it should be for the defendant to rebut that presumption in order to escape his liability. ### (33) it is therefore appropriate for directive 2010/75/eu to address the right for compensation for damages suffered by individuals. to ensure that individuals can defend their rights against damages to health caused by violations of directive 2010/75/eu and thereby ensure a more efficient enforcement of that directive , non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment , including those promoting the protection of consumers and meeting any requirements under national law , as members of the public concerned , should be empowered to engage in proceedings , as the member states so determine , either on behalf of or in support of any victim , without prejudice to national rules of procedure concerning representation and defence before the courts. member states usually enjoy procedural autonomy to ensure an effective remedy against violations of union law , subject to the respect of the principles of equivalence and effectivity. however , experience shows that while there is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence on the negative health impacts of pollution on the population , in particular as regards air , it is difficult for the victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu under the procedural rules on the burden of proof generally applicable in the member states to demonstrate a causality link between the suffered harm and the violation. as a result , in the majority of cases , victims of violations of directive 2010/75/eu do not have an effective way to obtain compensation for the harm caused by such violations. to strengthen the rights of individuals to obtain compensation for violations of directive 2010/75/eu and to contribute to a more efficient enforcement of its requirements throughout the union , it is necessary to facilitate the burden of proof applicable to such situations


### (20) the public-private partnership in the form of the joint undertaking should combine the financial and technical means that are essential to master the complexity of the ever escalating pace of innovation in this area. therefore , the members of the joint undertaking should be the union , member states and countries associated to horizon europe , the digital europe programme or the connecting europe facility agreeing on a joint european initiative in high performance computing and quantum computing; and associations representing their constituent entities and other organisations with an explicit and active engagement to produce research and innovation results , to develop and deploy high performance computing or quantum computing capabilities , or contributing to address the skills gap and keep the know-how in the field of high performance computing and quantum computing in europe. the joint undertaking should be open to new members. ### (20) the public-private partnership in the form of the joint undertaking should combine the financial and technical means that are essential to master the complexity of the ever escalating pace of innovation in this area , while ensuring that ju's functioning remains simple and flexible. therefore , the members of the joint undertaking should be the union , member states and countries associated to horizon europe , the digital europe programme or the connecting europe facility agreeing on a joint european initiative in high performance computing and quantum computing; and associations representing their constituent entities and other organisations with an explicit and active engagement to produce research and innovation results , to develop and deploy high performance computing or quantum computing capabilities , or contributing to address the skills gap and keep the know-how in the field of high performance computing and quantum computing in europe. the joint undertaking should be open to new members. the joint undertaking should provide a favourable framework to support participating states. in order to maximise the impact of indirect actions , the specificities of the eurohpc ju , with its tripartite model , should be taken into consideration with regards to the management of financial contributions from participating states.


### (25) the joint undertaking should address clearly defined topics that would enable academia and european industries at large to design , develop and use the most innovative technologies in high performance computing and quantum computing , and to establish an integrated and federated , secure networked infrastructure across the union with world-class high performance computing and quantum computing capability , high-speed connectivity and leading-edge applications and data and software services for its scientists and for other lead users from industry , including smes and the public sector. the joint undertaking should aim at the development and use of top class technologies and infrastructures , addressing the demanding requirements of european scientific , industrial and public sector users. ### (25) the joint undertaking should address clearly defined topics that would enable academia and european industries at large to design , develop and use the most innovative technologies in high performance computing and quantum computing , and to establish an integrated and federated , secure networked infrastructure across the union with world-class high performance computing and quantum computing capability , high-speed connectivity and leading-edge applications and data and software services for its scientists and for other lead users from industry , including smes and the public sector. the joint undertaking should be able to work in an agile , simple and flexible manner , in order to ensure that the development and use of top class technologies and infrastructures , address the demanding requirements of european scientific , industrial and public sector users. the joint undertaking should have in place a set of clear and simple rules , in particular for intellectual property , liability or in-kind contributions to additional activities , in order to enhance attractiveness for all stakeholders and in particular for industry and smes.


### (49) the union's financial contribution should be managed in accordance with the principle of sound financial management and with the relevant rules on indirect management set out in regulation (eu , euratom) 2018/1046. rules applicable for the joint undertaking to enter into public procurement procedures should be set in its financial rules. ### (49) the union's financial contribution should be managed in accordance with the principle of sound financial management and administrative simplification and with the relevant rules on indirect management set out in regulation (eu , euratom) 2018/1046. rules applicable for the joint undertaking to enter into public procurement procedures should be set in its financial rules.


### (56) the financial interests of the union and of the other members of the joint undertaking should be protected by proportionate measures throughout the expenditure cycle , including the prevention , detection and investigation of irregularities , the recovery of lost , wrongly paid or incorrectly used funds and , where appropriate , the application of administrative and financial penalties in accordance with regulation (eu , euratom) 2018/1046. ### (56) the financial interests of the union and of the other members of the joint undertaking should be protected by proportionate and simple measures throughout the expenditure cycle , including the prevention , detection and investigation of irregularities , the recovery of lost , wrongly paid or incorrectly used funds and , where appropriate , the application of administrative and financial penalties in accordance with regulation (eu , euratom) 2018/1046.


### (57) the joint undertaking should operate in an open and transparent way providing all relevant information in a timely manner as well as promoting its activities , including information and dissemination activities , to the wider public. the rules of procedure of the bodies of the joint undertaking should be made publicly available. ### (57) the joint undertaking should operate in a simple , flexible , open and transparent way providing all relevant information in a timely manner as well as promoting its activities , including information and dissemination activities , to the wider public. the rules of procedure of the bodies of the joint undertaking should be made publicly available.


### (58) for the purpose of simplification , the administrative burden should be reduced for all parties. double audits and disproportionate amounts of documentation and reporting should be avoided. ### (58) for the purpose of simplification , the administrative burden should be reduced for all parties. double audits and disproportionate amounts of documentation and reporting should be avoided. the joint undertaking should provide a favourable framework to support participating states. in order to maximise the impact of indirect actions , the specificities of the eurohpc ju , with its tripartite model , should be taken into consideration with regards to the management of financial contributions from participating states.


### (58) for the purpose of simplification , the administrative burden should be reduced for all parties. double audits and disproportionate amounts of documentation and reporting should be avoided. ### (58) for the purpose of simplification , the administrative burden should be reduced for all parties in particular for the beneficiaries and the joint undertaking. double audits and disproportionate amounts of documentation and reporting should be avoided.


### (61) the commission’s internal auditor should exercise the same powers over the joint undertaking as those exercised in respect of the commission. ### (61) the commission’s internal auditor should exercise the same powers over the joint undertaking as those exercised in respect of the commission , while avoiding to increase administrative burden over the joint undertaking and its beneficiaries.


### (62) the commission , the joint undertaking , the court of auditors and the european anti-fraud office (olaf) and the european public prosecutor’s office (eppo) should get access to all necessary information and the premises to conduct audits and investigations on the grants , contracts and agreements signed by the joint undertaking. ### (62) the commission , the joint undertaking , the court of auditors and the european anti-fraud office (olaf) and the european public prosecutor’s office (eppo) should get access to all necessary information and the premises to conduct audits and investigations on the grants , contracts and agreements signed by the joint undertaking , while seeking maximum administrative simplification for the beneficiaries and a decrease of their administrative burden.


### (3) the joint undertaking shall contribute to safeguarding the interests of the union when procuring supercomputers and supporting the development of high performance computing technologies , systems and applications. it shall enable a co-design approach for the acquisition of world-class supercomputers , while safeguarding the security of the supply chain of procured technologies and systems. it shall contribute to the union’s technological autonomy by supporting the development of technologies and applications reinforcing the european hpc technology supply chain and promoting their integration in supercomputing systems that address a large number of societal and industrial needs. ### (3) the joint undertaking shall contribute to safeguarding the interests of the union when procuring supercomputers and supporting the development of high performance computing technologies , systems and applications. it shall enable a co-design approach for the acquisition of world-class supercomputers , while safeguarding the security of the supply chain of procured technologies and systems and ensure the highest standards of cybersecurity applicable to supercomputers. it shall contribute to the union’s technological autonomy by supporting the development of technologies and applications reinforcing the european hpc technology supply chain and promoting their integration in supercomputing systems that address a large number of societal and industrial needs.


### infrastructure pillar , encompassing the activities for the acquisition , deployment , and operation of the secure , hyper-connected world-class supercomputing , quantum computing and data infrastructure , including the promotion of the uptake and systematic use of research and innovation results generated in the union. ### infrastructure pillar , encompassing the activities for the acquisition , upgrades , deployment , and operation of the secure , hyper-connected world-class supercomputing , quantum computing and data infrastructure , including the promotion of the uptake and systematic use of research and innovation results generated in the union.


### (7) the union's financial contribution referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 shall be used for capability building across the whole union , including the acquisition , and operation of high performance computers , quantum computers or quantum simulators , the federation of the high performance computing and quantum computing service and data infrastructure and the widening of its use , and the development of advanced skills and training. ### (7) the union's financial contribution referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 shall be used for capability building across the whole union , including the acquisition , upgrades and operation of high performance computers , quantum computers or quantum simulators , the federation of the high performance computing and quantum computing service and data infrastructure and the widening of its use , and the development of advanced skills and training.


### (6) the staff resources shall be set out in the staff establishment plan of the joint undertaking , indicating the number of temporary posts by function group and by grade , as well as by the number of contract staff expressed in full-time equivalents , in accordance with its annual budget. ### (6) the staff resources shall be set out in the staff establishment plan of the joint undertaking and shall adequately reflect the numbers and grades needed to ensure the highest standards of recruitments in the field , indicating the number of temporary posts by function group and by grade , as well as by the number of contract staff expressed in full-time equivalents , in accordance with its annual budget.


### (1) the activities of the joint undertaking shall be subject to continuous monitoring and periodic reviews in accordance with its financial rules , to ensure the highest impact and excellence , as well as the most efficient use of resources. the outcomes of monitoring and periodic reviews shall feed into the evaluations of the joint undertaking as part of horizon europe evaluations. ### (1) the activities of the joint undertaking shall be subject to continuous monitoring and periodic reviews in accordance with its financial rules , to ensure the highest impact and excellence , as well as the most efficient use of resources. such monitoring and reviews shall not cause additional administrative burden neither to the joint undertaking nor to its beneficiaries. the outcomes of monitoring and periodic reviews shall feed into the evaluations of the joint undertaking as part of horizon europe evaluations.


### (3) evaluations of the joint undertakings’ operations shall be carried out in a timely manner to feed into the overall interim and final evaluations of horizon europe and the related decision-making process as specified in article 47 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe. ### (3) evaluations of the joint undertakings’ operations shall be carried out in a timely manner and without increasing the administrative burden neither for the joint undertakings nor for its beneficiaries , to feed into the overall interim and final evaluations of horizon europe and the related decision-making process as specified in article 47 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe.


### (4) the commission shall carry out an interim evaluation of each joint undertaking as part of the horizon europe interim evaluation , as specified in article 47 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe. this evaluation shall be performed with the assistance of independent experts on the basis of a transparent process once there is sufficient information available about the implementation of horizon europe , but no later than four years after the start of horizon europe implementation. the evaluations shall examine how the joint undertaking fulfils its mission according to its economic , technological , scientific , societal and policy objectives , including climate-related objectives , and evaluate the effectiveness , efficiency , relevance , coherence , and union added value of its activities as part of horizon europe , its synergies and complementarities with relevant european , national and , where relevant , regional initiatives , including synergies with other parts of horizon europe (such as missions , clusters or thematic/specific programmes). impacts achieved at union and national level , taking into account the component of synergies and policy retrofitting will be given particular attention. the evaluations shall , where relevant , also include an assessment of the long-term scientific , societal , economic and policy-relevant impact of the joint undertaking and shall include an assessment of the most effective policy intervention mode for any future action , as well as the positioning of any possible renewal of the joint undertaking in the overall european partnerships landscape and its policy priorities. ### (4) the commission shall carry out an interim evaluation of each joint undertaking as part of the horizon europe interim evaluation , as specified in article 47 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe , and without causing additional administrative burden for the joint undertaking. this evaluation shall be performed with the assistance of independent experts on the basis of a transparent process once there is sufficient information available about the implementation of horizon europe , but no later than four years after the start of horizon europe implementation. the evaluations shall examine how the joint undertaking fulfils its mission according to its economic , technological , scientific , societal and policy objectives , including climate-related objectives , and evaluate the effectiveness , efficiency , relevance , coherence , and union added value of its activities as part of horizon europe , its synergies and complementarities with relevant european , national and , where relevant , regional initiatives , including synergies with other parts of horizon europe (such as missions , clusters or thematic/specific programmes). impacts achieved at union and national level , taking into account the component of synergies and policy retrofitting will be given particular attention. the evaluations shall , where relevant , also include an assessment of the long-term scientific , societal , economic and policy-relevant impact of the joint undertaking and shall include an assessment of the most effective policy intervention mode for any future action , as well as the positioning of any possible renewal of the joint undertaking in the overall european partnerships landscape and its policy priorities.


### (6) the commission may carry out further evaluations of themes or topics of strategic relevance , with the assistance of external independent experts selected on the basis of a transparent process , to examine the progress made by the joint undertaking towards the objectives set , identify the factors contributing to the implementation of the activities and identify best practices. by carrying out those further evaluations , the commission shall fully consider the administrative impact on the joint undertaking. ### (6) without causing additional administrative burden to the joint undertaking , the commission may carry out further evaluations of themes or topics of strategic relevance , with the assistance of external independent experts selected on the basis of a transparent process , to examine the progress made by the joint undertaking towards the objectives set , identify the factors contributing to the implementation of the activities and identify best practices. by carrying out those further evaluations , the commission shall fully consider the administrative impact on the joint undertaking.


### (7) the joint undertaking shall perform periodic reviews of its activities to inform the interim and final evaluations of the joint undertaking as part of horizon europe evaluations referred to in article 47 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe. ### (7) the joint undertaking shall perform periodic reviews of its activities with the minimum burden for the beneficiaries to inform the interim and final evaluations of the joint undertaking as part of horizon europe evaluations referred to in article 47 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe.


### (1) ex-post audits of expenditure on actions funded by the horizon europe budget shall be carried out in accordance with in accordance with article 48 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe as part of the horizon europe indirect actions , in particular in line with the audit strategy referred to in article 48(2) of that regulation. ### (1) ex-post audits of expenditure on actions funded by the horizon europe budget shall be carried out without increasing administrative burden neither for the joint undertaking nor for its beneficiaries in accordance with in accordance with article 48 of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing horizon europe as part of the horizon europe indirect actions , in particular in line with the audit strategy referred to in article 48(2) of that regulation.


### (2) ex-post audits of expenditure on activities funded by the digital europe budget shall be carried out by the joint undertaking in accordance with article xxx of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing digital europe programme. ### (2) ex-post audits of expenditure on activities funded by the digital europe budget shall be carried out by the joint undertaking in accordance with article xxx of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing digital europe programme , without increasing administrative burden neither for the joint undertaking nor for its beneficiaries.


### (3) ex-post audits of expenditure on activities funded by the connecting europe facility budget shall be carried out by the joint undertaking in accordance with article xxx of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing connecting europe facility as part of the connecting europe facility actions. ### (3) ex-post audits of expenditure on activities funded by the connecting europe facility budget shall be carried out by the joint undertaking in accordance with article xxx of regulation (eu) no xxx establishing connecting europe facility as part of the connecting europe facility actions , without increasing administrative burden neither for the joint undertaking nor for its beneficiaries.


### activities to develop the ecosystem supporting the cooperation of technology users and suppliers. ### activities to develop the ecosystem supporting the cooperation of technology users and suppliers also with projects in lighthouse initiatives;


### 1. the private members of the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking shall make or arrange for their constituent or affiliated entities to make a total contribution of at least eur 500 000 000 , including up to eur 25 000 000 for administrative costs over the period set out in article 3. ### 1. the private members of the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking shall make or arrange collectively for their constituent or affiliated entities to make a total contribution up to eur 500 000 000 , including up to eur 25 000 000 for administrative costs over the period set out in article 3.


### in addition to the tasks listed in article 18 , the executive director of the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking shall carry out the following tasks: ### in addition to the tasks listed in article 18 , the executive director of the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking shall carry out the following tasks upon guidance and directives by the governing board:


### assess the consolidated annual activity report , including the corresponding expenditure and the budget dedicated to joint calls with other european partnerships; ### assess and endorse the consolidated annual activity report , including the corresponding expenditure and the budget dedicated to joint calls with other european partnerships;


### 1. the executive director shall be appointed by the governing board on the basis of merit and skills , from the list of candidates proposed by the commission , following an open and transparent selection procedure which shall respect the principle of gender balance. ### 1. the executive director shall be appointed by the governing board on the basis of merit and skills , from the list of candidates proposed by the commission , following an open and transparent selection procedure which shall respect the principle of excellence , gender and geographical balance.


### 2. there shall be a balanced representation of experts among the members of the scientific advisory body , within the scope of the activities of the joint undertaking , including with respect to gender balance. collectively , the members of the scientific advisory body shall have the necessary competences and expertise covering the technical domain in order to make science-based recommendations to the joint undertaking , taking into account the socio-economic impact of such recommendations and the objectives of the joint undertaking. ### 2. there shall be a balanced representation of experts among the members of the scientific advisory body , within the scope of the activities of the joint undertaking , including with respect to excellence , gender and geographical balance. collectively , the members of the scientific advisory body shall have the necessary competences and expertise covering the technical domain in order to make science-based recommendations to the joint undertaking , taking into account the socio-economic impact of such recommendations and the objectives of the joint undertaking.


### 2. for the purposes of developing , implementing , monitoring and evaluating union policies or programmes , the joint undertaking shall provide the commission with the information included in submitted proposals. ### 2. for the purposes of developing , implementing , monitoring and evaluating union policies or programmes , the joint undertaking shall provide the commission with the information included in submitted proposals. all relevant data related to projects funded by the joint undertakings shall be included in the single horizon europe database.


### the union financial contribution from the horizon europe programme to the clean aviation joint undertaking , including efta appropriations , to cover administrative costs and operational costs shall be up to eur 1 700 000 000 , including up to eur 39 223 000 for administrative costs. the union contribution may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available. ### the union financial contribution from the horizon europe programme to the clean aviation joint undertaking , including efta appropriations , to cover administrative costs and operational costs shall be up to eur 1 700 000 000 , including up to eur 39 223 000 for administrative costs. the union contribution shall include allocations to horizon europe from next generation europe , in compliance with the regulation on the european recovery instrument. the union contribution shall be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available.


### the union financial contribution from the horizon europe programme to the clean aviation joint undertaking , including efta appropriations , to cover administrative costs and operational costs shall be up to eur 1 700 000 000 , including up to eur 39 223 000 for administrative costs. the union contribution may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available. ### the union financial contribution from the horizon europe programme to the clean aviation joint undertaking , including efta appropriations , to cover administrative costs and operational costs shall be up to eur 2 500 000 000 , including up to eur 39 223 000 for administrative costs. the union contribution may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available.


### nine representatives of the members other than the union chosen by and from the founding members and associated members ensuring a balanced representation of the aeronautical value chain such as aircraft integrators , engine manufactures and equipment manufacturers. the governing board shall establish in its rules of procedure a rotation mechanism for the allocation of the seats of the members other than the union. the selected representatives shall include at least one representative of the european smes , one representative of the research organisations and one representative of the academic institutions. ### fifteen representatives of the members other than the union chosen by and from the founding members and associated members ensuring a balanced representation of the aeronautical value chain such as aircraft integrators , engine manufactures and equipment manufacturers. the governing board shall establish in its rules of procedure a rotation mechanism for the allocation of the seats of the members other than the union. the selected representatives shall include at least one representative of the european smes , one representative of the research organisations and one representative of the academic institutions.


### 2. the technical committee shall be co-chaired by a representative of the founding members , rotating on a two-yearly basis , and the commission. it shall report to the governing board and its secretariat shall be provided by the clean aviation joint undertaking’s programme office. ### 2. the technical committee shall be co-chaired by a representative of the founding members and the commission. it shall report to the governing board and its secretariat shall be provided by the clean aviation joint undertaking’s programme office.


### 5. the technical committee shall develop and maintain the technological roadmap and strategy of the programme. it shall propose and prepare for adoption by the governing board , as appropriate , the scope and programming of the research actions , the technical strategy and the overall research roadmap of the clean aviation joint undertaking. a governing board member may be delegated to follow the activities therein. ### 5. the technical committee shall update and evolve the technological roadmap and strategy of the programme , according to technical progress of the clean aviation work programme and shall provide advice on potential solutions or adjustments to the sria , when appropriate. it shall propose and prepare for adoption by the governing board , as appropriate , the scope and programming of the research actions , the technical strategy and the overall research roadmap of the clean aviation joint undertaking. a governing board member may be delegated to follow the activities therein.


### 1. the members of the clean hydrogen joint undertaking other than the union shall make or arrange for their constituent or affiliated entities to make a total contribution of at least eur 1 000 000 000 , including up to eur 30 193 000 for administrative costs over the period set out in article 3. ### 1. the members of the clean hydrogen joint undertaking other than the union shall make or arrange for their constituent or affiliated entities to make a total contribution at least matching the total contribution of the union referred to in article 74 , including up to eur 30 193 000 for administrative costs over the period set out in article 3.


### the union financial contribution from the horizon europe programme to the europe’s rail joint undertaking , including efta appropriations , to cover administrative costs and operational costs shall be up to eur 600 000 000 , including at least eur 50 000 000 for the system pillar , and up to eur 24 000 000 for administrative costs. the union contribution may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available. ### the union financial contribution from the horizon europe programme to the europe’s rail joint undertaking , including efta appropriations , to cover administrative costs and operational costs shall be up to eur 1 000 000 000 , including at least eur 50 000 000 for the system pillar , and up to eur 24 000 000 for administrative costs. the union contribution may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available.


### (7) where relevant , partnerships should consider technical screening criteria as of art. 3 and the “do no significant harm” principle as of art. 17 of the regulation (eu) 2020/852 as an instrument to improve their projects readiness and access to green financing that will be crucial for market uptake and wider deployment of the innovative technologies and solutions they will deliver. scientific evidence is at the core of the technical screening criteria. research and innovation , pursued by partnerships , should play an important role to help economic operators reach or go beyond the standards and thresholds set up in the regulation and to keep the technical screening criteria up-to-date and consistent with the european green deal objectives. ### deleted


### (14) horizon europe introduces a more strategic , coherent and impact-driven approach to european partnerships , building on the lessons learned from the horizon 2020 interim evaluation. in line with the new ambition , this regulation aims at a more effective use of institutionalised european partnerships notably by focusing on clear objectives , outcomes and impact that can be achieved by 2030 , and by ensuring a clear contribution to the related union policy priorities and policies. close collaboration and synergies with other relevant initiatives at union , national and regional level , in particular with other european partnerships , are key in achieving greater impact and ensuring take up of results. in assessing the overall impact , broader investments beyond the contributions from partners and triggered by the joint undertakings that contribute to achieving their objectives should be taken into account. ### (14) horizon europe introduces a more strategic , coherent and impact-driven approach to european partnerships , building on the lessons learned from the horizon 2020 interim evaluation. in line with the new ambition , this regulation aims at a more effective use of institutionalised european partnerships notably by focusing on clear objectives , outcomes and impact that can be achieved by 2030 , and by ensuring a clear contribution to the related union policy priorities and policies. close collaboration and synergies with other relevant initiatives at union , national and regional level , in particular with other european partnerships , are key in achieving greater impact and ensuring take up of results. to this end , the commission should develop clear , simple and concrete guidelines to enact the different types of synergies (i.e. transfer of resources , alternative funding , cumulative funding and integrated funding). synergies and complementarities with the european financial institutions , such as european bank for reconstruction and development and the european investment bank , as well as with relevant industrial alliances and with charitable foundations and trusts , should also be explored. in assessing the overall impact , broader investments beyond the contributions from partners and triggered by the joint undertakings that contribute to achieving their objectives should be taken into account. this regulation should facilitate the acceleration of market uptake of innovative solutions , preferably in europe , by industry and smes of all joint undertakings , thereby improving the socio-economic impact of their activities.


### (22) it is appropriate that the members other than the union commit to the implementation of this regulation by means of a letter of commitment. those letters of commitment should be legally valid throughout the lifetime of the initiative and closely monitored by the joint undertaking and the commission. joint undertakings should create a legal and organisational environment that enables members to deliver on their commitments while ensuring continuous openness of the initiative and transparency during their implementation , notably for priority setting and for participation in calls for proposals. ### (22) it is appropriate that the members other than the union commit to the implementation of this regulation by means of a letter of commitment indicating the total amount of the private contribution conditional on the funding received for the partnership in question. those letters of commitment should be legally valid throughout the lifetime of the initiative and closely monitored by the joint undertaking and the commission. joint undertakings should create a legal and organisational environment that enables members to deliver on their commitments while ensuring continuous openness of the initiative and transparency during their implementation , notably for priority setting and for participation in calls for proposals.


### (29) the joint undertakings should operate in an open and transparent way , providing all relevant information in a timely manner to their appropriate bodies as well as promoting their activities , including information and dissemination activities , to the wider public. ### (29) the joint undertakings should operate in an open and transparent way , providing all relevant information in a timely manner to their appropriate bodies as well as promoting their activities , including information and dissemination activities , to the wider public , engaging in awareness raising campaigns , promoting educational and dissemination activities , with the involvement of academic , scientific and knowledge networks , social and economic partners , industry and smes associations and media. all joint undertakings should make dedicated efforts to ensure that the public is sufficiently and timely informed of the joint undertakings’ activities and should provide appropriate information on their respective websites , including the publication of relevant documentation. they should enhance the dialogue with society , increase awareness on innovative technologies and developments , favor active participation in all stages of scientific inquiry , thus enabling citizens toco-design solutions , contribute to ideas and create constructive attitudes about the activities and the results of the joint undertakings , thereby increasing trust in technological solutions to current and future challenges.


### (39) in the context of the european commission’s priority of “a european green deal”13 supported by the revised union bioeconomy strategy14 , the eu biodiversity strategy15 , the clean planet for all communication16 , the circular economy action plan17 and the new farm to fork communication18 , the european bio-based sector , including smes , regions and primary producers should become climate neutral , more circular and more sustainable while remaining competitive on the global scale. a strong , resource efficient and competitive bio-based innovation ecosystem can decrease dependency on and accelerate the substitution of non-renewable fossil raw materials and mineral resources. it can develop renewable bio-based products , materials , processes and nutrients from waste and biomass through sustainability and circularity-driven innovation. such ecosystem can also create value from local feedstock – including waste , residues and side-streams – to deliver jobs , economic growth and development throughout the union not only in urban areas but also in rural and coastal territories where biomass is produced and that are often peripheral regions that rarely benefit from industrial development. ### (39) in the context of the european commission’s priority of “a european green deal”13 supported by the revised union bioeconomy strategy14 , the eu biodiversity strategy15 , the clean planet for all communication16 , the circular economy action plan17 and the new farm to fork communication18 , and the united nations sustainable development goals , the european bio-based sector , including smes and start-ups , regions and primary producers should become climate neutral , more circular and more sustainable while remaining competitive on the global scale. a strong , resource efficient and competitive bio-based innovation ecosystem can decrease dependency on and accelerate the substitution of non-renewable fossil raw materials and mineral resources. it can develop renewable bio-based products , materials , processes and nutrients from waste and biomass through sustainability and circularity-driven innovation. such ecosystem can also create value from local feedstock – including waste , residues and side-streams – to deliver jobs , economic growth and development throughout the union not only in urban areas but also in rural and coastal territories where biomass is produced and that are often peripheral regions that rarely benefit from industrial development. it can also contribute to the identification of solutions using negative emissions technologies , such as carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies.


### (46) in order to maximise synergies between programmes at union , national and regional level , the members of the states’ representatives group of the clean aviation joint undertaking should explore possibilities to provide financial support at national level to excellent proposals that were not selected for funding by the clean aviation joint undertaking due to oversubscription. ### (46) in order to maximise synergies between programmes at union , national and regional level , the members of the states’ representatives group of the clean aviation joint undertaking should explore possibilities to provide financial support at national level to excellent proposals that were not selected for funding by the clean aviation joint undertaking due to oversubscription. it is of particular importance for the member states and the regions to maximise the alignment of their smart specialisation strategies and operational programmes with clean aviation work programmes to enable the 5% transfer mechanism from european structural and investment funds to the clean aviation joint undertaking or other forms of implementation of the synergies such as complementary projects , cumulative funding or synergy labels. the clean aviation joint undertaking should develop synergies and additional technical activities , in particular through complementarities with the clean hydrogen and circular bio-based europe joint undertakings , the european defence fund , connecting europe facility , digital europe programme and relevant industrial alliances.


### (62) tackling infectious diseases affecting sub-saharan africa with modern technology tools requires the involvement of a large set of actors and long-term commitments. the global health edctp3 joint undertaking should broker productive and sustainable north–south and south–south networking and cooperation , building relationships with multiple private and public sector organisations to strengthen project and institutional collaborations. the programme should also help to establish new north–south and south-south collaborations to conduct multi-country , multi-site studies in sub-saharan africa. in addition , a regular international conference , the edctp forum , should provide a platform for scientists and relevant networks from europe , africa , and elsewhere to share findings and ideas , and to establish collaborative links. ### (62) tackling infectious diseases affecting sub-saharan africa with modern technology tools requires the involvement of a large set of actors and long-term commitments. the global health edctp3 joint undertaking should broker productive and sustainable north–south and south–south networking and cooperation , building relationships with multiple private , non-profit and public sector organisations to strengthen project and institutional collaborations. the programme should also help to establish new north–south and south-south collaborations to conduct multi-country , multi-site studies in sub-saharan africa. in addition , a regular international conference , the edctp forum , should provide a platform for scientists and relevant networks from europe , africa , and elsewhere to share findings and ideas , and to establish collaborative links.


### (81) the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking should build on the experience of the sesar joint undertaking and continue its coordination role for atm research in the union. the main objectives of the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking should be to strengthen and further integrate the research and innovation capacity in europe , helping to accelerate the digitalisation of the sector and rendering it more resilient and scalable to fluctuations in traffic. it should strengthen , through innovation , the competitiveness of manned and unmanned air transport and atm services , to support economic recovery and growth. it should develop and accelerate the market uptake of innovative solutions to establish the single european sky airspace as the most efficient and environmentally friendly sky to fly in the world. ### (81) the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking should build on the experience of the sesar joint undertaking and continue its coordination role for atm research in the union. the main objectives of the single european sky atm research 3 joint undertaking should be able to support the actions meant to strengthen and further integrate the research and innovation capacity in europe , which in turn would help accelerate the digitalisation of the sector and render it more resilient and scalable to fluctuations in traffic. it should contribute to strengthen , through innovation , the competitiveness of manned and unmanned air transport and atm services , to support economic recovery and growth. it should support the development and accelerate the market uptake of innovative solutions to establish the single european sky airspace as the most efficient and environmentally friendly sky to fly in the world.


### provide financial support , mainly in the form of grants , to research and innovation indirect actions , selected following open and competitive calls , unless otherwise specified in their work programme; ### provide financial support , mainly in the form of grants , to research and innovation indirect actions , selected following open , transparent and competitive calls , unless otherwise specified in their work programme;


### seek synergies with and , where appropriate , possibilities for further funding from relevant activities and programmes at union , national , and regional level , in particular with those supporting the deployment of innovative solutions , education and regional development , such as cohesion policy funds in line with smart specialisation strategies; ### develop effective synergies with and , where appropriate , possibilities for further funding from relevant activities and programmes at union , national , and regional level , in particular with those supporting the deployment of innovative solutions , education and regional development , such as cohesion policy funds in line with smart specialisation strategies , as well as with the european financial institutions such as the european bank for reconstruction and development and the european investment bank , and with relevant industrial alliances and charitable foundations and trusts;


### consider the ‘do no significant harm principle’ pursuant to article 17 of regulation (eu) 2020/852 and take into account the provisions of that regulation to improve access to sustainable finance , where relevant; ### deleted


### 1. the union financial contribution to the joint undertakings , including efta appropriations , shall cover administrative and operational costs up to the maximum amounts specified in part two. the union contribution specified in part two may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available. ### 1. the union financial contribution to the joint undertakings , including efta appropriations , shall cover administrative and operational costs up to the maximum amounts specified in part two. the union contribution specified in part two may be increased with contributions from third countries when the latter become available , in accordance with article 16(5) of horizon europe regulation.


### 1. the union financial contribution to the joint undertakings , including efta appropriations , shall cover administrative and operational costs up to the maximum amounts specified in part two. the union contribution specified in part two may be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available. ### 1. the union financial contribution to the joint undertakings , including efta appropriations , shall cover administrative and operational costs up to the maximum amounts specified in part two. the union contribution specified in part two shall be increased with contributions from third countries if the latter are available.


### 2. unless specified otherwise in part two , the private members shall report by 31 march each year to their respective governing board on the value of the contributions referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 made in each of the previous financial years. for the purpose of valuing these contributions , the costs shall be determined in accordance with the usual cost accounting practices of the entities concerned , to the applicable accounting standards of the country where the entity is established , and to the applicable international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards. the costs shall be certified by an independent external auditor appointed by the entity concerned. the valuation method may be verified by the joint undertaking concerned should there be any uncertainty arising from the certification. in duly specified cases , the governing board may authorise the use of lump-sums or unit costs for valuing the contributions. ### 2. unless specified otherwise in part two , the private members shall report by 31 march each year to their respective governing board on the value of the contributions referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 made in each of the previous financial years. the commission shall adopt an implementing act with the view to establish an common , harmonized valuation method of these contributions . the implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 5 of regulation (eu) no 182/2011. the implementing act will take in account , among others , the usual cost accounting practices of the entities concerned , the applicable accounting standards of the country where the entity is established , and the applicable international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards. the costs shall be certified by an independent external auditor appointed by the entity concerned. in duly specified cases , the governing board may authorise the use of lump-sums or unit costs for valuing the contributions.


### 2. unless specified otherwise in part two , the private members shall report by 31 march each year to their respective governing board on the value of the contributions referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 made in each of the previous financial years. for the purpose of valuing these contributions , the costs shall be determined in accordance with the usual cost accounting practices of the entities concerned , to the applicable accounting standards of the country where the entity is established , and to the applicable international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards. the costs shall be certified by an independent external auditor appointed by the entity concerned. the valuation method may be verified by the joint undertaking concerned should there be any uncertainty arising from the certification. in duly specified cases , the governing board may authorise the use of lump-sums or unit costs for valuing the contributions. ### 2. unless specified otherwise in part two , the private members shall report by 30 june of each year to their respective governing board on the value of the contributions referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 made in the previous financial year. for the purpose of valuing these contributions , the costs shall be determined in accordance with the usual cost accounting practices of the entities concerned , to the applicable accounting standards of the country where the entity is established , and to the applicable international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards. the costs shall not be audited by the joint undertaking concerned or any union body , but they shall be certified by an independent external auditor appointed by the entity concerned. the valuation method may be verified by the joint undertaking concerned should there be any uncertainty arising from the certification. in duly specified cases , the governing board may authorise the use of lump-sums or unit costs for valuing the contributions.


### the research programme shall provide support for collaborative research in the coal and steel sectors. the research programme shall also provide support for clean steel breakthrough technologies leading to near zero-carbon steel making projects and research projects for managing the just transition of formerly operating coal mines or coal mines in the process of closure and related infrastructure in line with the just transition mechanism and in compliance with article 4(2) of council decision 2003/76/ec. the research programme shall be consistent with the political , scientific , and technological objectives of the union , and shall complement the activities carried out in the member states and within the existing eu research programmes , in particular the framework programme for research , technological development and demonstration activities (hereinafter referred to as ‘the research framework programme’).; ### the research programme shall provide support , including to small and medium-sized enterprises , for collaborative research in the coal and steel sectors with particular emphasis on coking coal , which as one of the critical raw materials for the union has great potential for development of highly advanced products in strategic value chains (e.g. battery anodes , carbon fibres) and chemistry. the research programme shall also provide support for clean steel breakthrough technologies leading to near zero-carbon steel making projects and research projects for managing the just transition of formerly operating coal mines or coal mines in the process of closure and related infrastructure in line with the just transition mechanism and in compliance with article 4(2) of council decision 2003/76/ec1a. the research programme shall provide support as well for larger industrial research projects , linked in the case of coal to the just transition mechanism. the research programme shall be consistent with the political , scientific , and technological objectives of the union , and shall complement the activities carried out in the member states and within the existing union research programmes , in particular the horizon europe – the framework programme for research and innovation (hereinafter referred to as ‘the research framework programme’).;


### non-energetic uses and the production of raw materials from mining wastes and residues from formerly operating coal mines or those in the closure process , duly assessing that their climate , environmental and health impact is minimised and lower than alternative solutions; ### non-energetic uses and on the production of raw materials from coal and lignite , and from mining wastes and residues derived from formerly operating coal mines or from mines in the process of closure , as well as on use of coal processing by-products for highly advanced products in strategic value chains (e.g. battery anodes , carbon fibres) and in chemistry , duly assessing that their climate , environmental and health impact is minimised and lower than alternative solutions , and ensuring that sustainable resources are surveyed and secured;


### managing and re-using mining waste , fly ash and desulphurisation products from coal mines in the process of closure and formerly operating coal mines , accompanied , where relevant , by other forms of waste; ### managing and re-using mining waste , fly ash and desulphurisation products from coalmines and power plants in the process of closure and formerly operating coal mines and power plants , as well as by-products of operating coal mines and coal processing , accompanied , where relevant , by other forms of waste;


### 1. the union’s financial contribution to the metrology partnership , including the european free trade association appropriations and third country appropriations , shall not exceed the participating states' contributions to the metrology partnership. the union financial contribution shall be up to eur 300 million to match the contributions of the participating states specified in article 1 (1). ### 1. the union’s financial contribution to the metrology partnership , including the european free trade association appropriations and third country appropriations , shall not exceed the participating states' contributions to the metrology partnership. the union financial contribution shall be up to eur 300 million to match the contributions of the member states and eea states specified in article 1 (1). the union contribution shall be appropriately increased when contributions from further associated third countries participating in the metrology partnership in accordance with article 16 of horizon europe regulation and provided that that amount is at least matched by the contribution of the participating states.


### 1. the participating states specified in article 1(1) shall make contributions or arrange for their national funding bodies to make contributions , whether financial or in kind , of at least eur 363 million during the period from 1 january 2021 until 31 december 2031. a share of the contributions from the participating states shall be in the form of financial contributions. ### 1. the participating states specified in article 1(1) shall make contributions or arrange for their national funding bodies to make contributions , whether financial or in kind , of at least eur 363 million during the period from 1 january 2021 until 31 december 2031. a relevant share of the contributions from the participating states shall be in the form of financial contributions.


### 5. for the purpose of valuing the in-kind contributions referred to in paragraph 2 , points (a) and (b) , the costs shall be determined in accordance with the usual accounting practices of the participating states or the national funding bodies concerned , the applicable accounting standards of the participating state where the national funding bodies concerned are established and the applicable international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards. the costs shall be certified by an independent auditor appointed by the participating states or the national funding bodies concerned. should there be any uncertainty arising from the certification , the valuation method may be verified by euramet. in the event of remaining uncertainties , the valuation method may be audited by euramet. ### 5. for the purpose of valuing the in-kind contributions referred to in paragraph 2 , points (a) and (b) , the costs shall be determined in accordance with a harmonized approach , with criteria and processes to be established by the metrology partnership committee in accordance with article 14. to the extent possible , the reporting of costs shall follow the reporting procedures of horizon europe , while taking into account the usual accounting practices of the participating states or the national funding bodies concerned , the applicable accounting standards of the participating state where the national funding bodies concerned are established and the applicable international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards. the costs shall be certified by an independent auditor appointed by the participating states or the national funding bodies concerned.


### (3) the eradication of forced labour is a priority for the union. respect for human dignity and the universality and indivisibility of human rights are firmly enshrined in article 21 of the treaty on european union. article 5(2) of the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and article 4 of the european convention on human rights provide that no one is to be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. the european court of human rights has repeatedly interpreted article 4 of the european convention on human rights as requiring member states to penalise and effectively prosecute any act maintaining a person in the situations described set out in article 4 of the european convention on human rights.19 ### (3) the eradication of forced labour is a priority for the union. respect for human dignity and the universality and indivisibility of human rights are firmly enshrined in article 21 of the treaty on european union. furthermore , in its relations with the wider world , the union should uphold and promote its values , notably , the protection of human rights , in particular the rights of the child , as well as the strict observance and the development of international law in accordance with article 3(5) of the treaty on european union. the respect , promotion and protection of human rights constitute an objective of the development cooperation , which shall be taken into account in the policies that the union implements which are likely to affect developing countries in accordance with article 208 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union. through this regulation , the union should strengthen political dialogue with third countries , especially with developing countries , with regards to forced labour. regarding the tclf sector’s working conditions and the shrinking political spaces for civil society and trade unions , which aggravate the situation of forced labour , greater political dialogue is required in relation to this as well. moreover , article 5(2) of the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and article 4 of the european convention on human rights provide that no one is to be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. the european court of human rights has repeatedly interpreted article 4 of the european convention on human rights as requiring member states to penalise and effectively prosecute any act maintaining a person in the situations described set out in article 4 of the european convention on human rights.19


### (18) micro , small and medium-sized enterprises (’smes’) can have limited resources and ability to ensure that the products they place or make available on the union market are free from forced labour. the commission should therefore issue guidelines on due diligence in relation to forced labour , which should take into account also the size and economic resources of economic operators. in addition , the commission should issue guidelines on forced-labour risk indicators and on publicly available information in order to help smes , as well as other economic operators , to comply with the requirements of the prohibition. ### (18) micro , small and medium-sized enterprises (’smes’) can have limited resources and ability to ensure that the products they place or make available on the union market are free from forced labour. the commission should therefore issue guidelines on due diligence in relation to forced labour , which should take into account also the size and resources of economic operators. the commission should issue guidelines on forced-labour risk indicators , taking into account the ilo forced labour indicators , including its ‘hard to see , harder to count – survey guidelines to estimate forced labour of adults and children’ , and on publicly available information in order to help smes , as well as other economic operators , to comply with the requirements of the prohibition. specifically , the commission should develop simplified additional support tools and specialised guidelines and measures that will allow the smes to demonstrate their commitment in sustainability and in eradicating forced labour in accordance with ilo’s conventions.


### (20) in order to increase the effectiveness of the prohibition , competent authorities should grant reasonable time to economic operators to identify , mitigate , prevent and bring to an end the risk of forced labour. ### (20) in order to increase the effectiveness of the prohibition , competent authorities should grant reasonable time to economic operators to identify , mitigate , prevent and bring to an end the risk of forced labour , taking into account the size and resources of economic operators.


### (24) during the preliminary phase of investigation , competent authorities should focus on the economic operators involved in the steps of the value chain where there is a higher risk of forced labour with respect to the products under investigation , also taking into account their size and economic resources , the quantity of products concerned and the scale of the suspected forced labour. ### (24) during the preliminary phase of investigation , competent authorities should focus on the economic operators involved in the steps of the supply chain where there is a higher risk of forced labour with respect to the products under investigation , also taking into account their size and resources , the quantity of products concerned and the scale of the suspected forced labour.


### (25) competent authorities , when requesting information during the investigation , should prioritise to the extent possible and consistent with the effective conduct of the investigation the economic operators under investigation that are involved in the steps of the value chain as close as possible to where the likely risk of forced labour occurs and take into account the size and economic resources of the economic operators , the quantity of products concerned , as well as the scale of suspected forced labour. ### (25) competent authorities , when requesting information during the investigation , should prioritise to the extent possible and consistent with the effective conduct of the investigation the economic operators under investigation that are involved in the steps of the value chain as close as possible to where the likely risk of forced labour occurs and take into account the size and resources of the economic operators , the quantity of products concerned , as well as the scale of suspected forced labour.


### (29) in setting a reasonable time to comply with the order , competent authorities should take into account the size and economic resources of the economic operators concerned. ### (29) in setting a reasonable time to comply with the order , competent authorities should take into account the size and resources of the economic operators concerned.


### (32) any person , whether it is a natural or legal person , or any association not having legal personality , should be allowed to submit information to the competent authorities when it considers that products made with forced labour are placed and made available on the union market and to be informed of the outcome of the assessment of their submission. ### (32) the commission should establish a centralised notification and non-judicial grievance mechanism to receive information and non-judicial complaints by any affected stakeholders who consider that products made with forced labour are placed and made available on the union market and to be informed of the reasoning and outcome of the assessment of their submission , when possible , together with the decision. in order to ensure that the following regulation adequately complements the directive 20xx/xx/eu on corporate sustainability due diligence of the european parliament and of the council , this mechanism should align with the one which will be provided in the said directive. the mechanism should be secure and accessible , especially in regards to vulnerable people , such as , children , women , migrants and other minorities.


### (44) to ensure effective enforcement of the prohibition , it is necessary to establish a network aimed at structured coordination and cooperation between the competent authorities of the member states and , where appropriate , experts from customs authorities , and the commission. that network should also aim at streamlining the practices of the competent authorities within the union that facilitate the implementation of joint enforcement activities by member states , including joint investigations. that administrative support structure should allow the pooling of resources and maintain a communication and information system between member states and the commission , thereby helping to strengthen the enforcement of the prohibition. ### (44) to ensure effective enforcement of the prohibition , it is necessary to establish a network aimed at structured coordination and cooperation between the competent authorities of the member states and , where appropriate , experts from customs authorities , and the commission as well as the european agency for fundamental rights , the european labour authority and other union agencies with relevant expertise in the areas covered by the regulation. trade unions and other workers’ representatives , civil society representatives , international organisations , women and children organisations , especially in developing countries , shall be invited to collaborate with the network. that network should also aim at streamlining the practices of the competent authorities within the union that facilitate the implementation of joint enforcement activities by member states , including joint investigations. that administrative support structure should allow the pooling of resources and maintain a communication and information system between member states and the commission , thereby helping to strengthen the enforcement of the prohibition.


### (45) since forced labour is a global problem and given the interlinkages of the global value chains , it is necessary to promote international cooperation against forced labour , which would also improve the efficiency of applying and enforcing the prohibition. the commission should as appropriately cooperate with and exchange information with authorities of third countries and international organisations to enhance the effective implementation of the prohibition. international cooperation with authorities of non-eu countries should take place in a structured way as part of the existing dialogue structures , for example human rights dialogues with third countries , or , if necessary , specific ones that will be created on an ad hoc basis. ### (45) since forced labour is a global problem and given the interlinkages of the global supply chains , it is necessary to promote international cooperation against forced labour , which would also improve the efficiency of applying and enforcing the prohibition. the commission should as appropriately cooperate with and exchange information with authorities of third countries , especially authorities of developing countries , and international organisations , especially women and children organisations , to enhance the effective implementation of the prohibition. international cooperation with authorities of non-eu countries should take place in a structured way as part of the existing dialogue structures , for example human rights dialogues with third countries , especially with developing countries , or , if necessary , specific ones that will be created on an ad hoc basis.


### ‘products entering the union market’ means products from third countries intended to be placed on the union market or intended for private use or consumption within the customs territory of the union and placed under the customs procedure ‘release for free circulation’; ### ‘products entering the union market’ means products from third countries , especially from developing countries , intended to be placed on the union market or intended for private use or consumption within the customs territory of the union and placed under the customs procedure ‘release for free circulation’;


### submissions made by natural or legal persons or any association not having legal personality pursuant to article 10; ### submissions and non-judicial complaints made by affected stakeholders pursuant to article 10;


### 2. in their assessment of the likelihood that economic operators violated article 3 , competent authorities shall focus on the economic operators involved in the steps of the value chain as close as possible to where the risk of forced labour is likely to occur and take into account the size and economic resources of the economic operators , the quantity of products concerned , as well as the scale of suspected forced labour. ### 2. in their assessment of the likelihood that economic operators violated article 3 , competent authorities shall focus on the economic operators involved in the steps of the supply chain as close as possible to where the risk of forced labour is likely to occur and take into account the size and resources of the economic operators , the quantity of products concerned , as well as the scale of suspected forced labour.


### take into account the size and economic resources of the economic operators , the quantity of products concerned , as well as the scale of suspected forced labour. ### take into account the size and resources of the economic operators , the quantity of products concerned as well as the scale of suspected forced labour.


### 5. when deciding on the time limits referred to in this article , competent authorities shall consider the size and economic resources of the economic operators concerned. ### 5. when deciding on the time limits referred to in this article , competent authorities shall consider the size and resources of the economic operators concerned.


### a reasonable time limit for the economic operators to comply with the order , which shall not be less than 30 working days and no longer than necessary to withdraw the respective products. when setting such a time limit , the competent authority shall take into account the economic operator’s size and economic resources; ### a reasonable time limit for the economic operators to comply with the order , which shall not be less than 30 working days and no longer than necessary to withdraw the respective products. when setting such a time limit , the competent authority shall take into account the economic operator’s size and resources;


### submission of information regarding violations of article 3 ### submission of information and non-judicial complaints regarding violations of article 3


### 1. submissions of information by any natural or legal person or any association not having legal personality , to competent authorities on alleged violations of article 3 shall contain information on the economic operators or products concerned and provide the reasons substantiating the allegation. ### 1. submissions of information and non-judicial complaints by any affected stakeholders , to competent authorities on alleged violations of article 3 shall contain information on the economic operators or products concerned and provide the reasons substantiating the allegation. the mechanism should be secure and accessible , especially in regards to vulnerable people , such as migrant workers , women , children and other minorities.


### 2. the competent authority shall , as soon as possible , inform the person or association referred to in paragraph 1 of the outcome of the assessment of their submission. ### 2. the competent authority shall , as soon as possible , inform the affected stakeholders referred to in paragraph 1 of the reasoning , when possible , and outcome of the assessment of their submission together with the decision.


### 3. directive (eu) 2019/1937 of the european parliament and of the council39shall apply to the reporting of all breaches of this regulation and the protection of personsreporting such breaches. ### 3. directive (eu) 2019/1937 of the european parliament and of the council39shall apply to the reporting of all breaches of this regulation and the protection of affected stakeholdersreporting such breaches.


### 1. the commission shall call upon external expertise to provide an indicative , non-exhaustive , verifiable and regularly updated database of forced labour risks in specific geographic areas or with respect to specific products including with regard to forced labour imposed by state authorities. the database shall be based on the guidelines referred to in article 23 , points (a) , (b) and (c) , and relevant external sources of information from , amongst others , international organisations and third country authorities. ### 1. the commission shall call upon external expertise to provide an indicative , non-exhaustive , verifiable , evidence-based and regularly updated database of forced labour risks in specific geographic areas or with respect to specific products including with regard to forced labour imposed by state authorities. the database shall be based on the guidelines referred to in article 23 , points (a) , (b) and (c) , and relevant external sources of information from , amongst others , international organisations , especially women and children organisations , and third country authorities , especially developing country authorities.


### guidance on due diligence in relation to forced labour , which shall take into account applicable union legislation setting out due diligence requirements with respect to forced labour , guidelines and recommendations from international organisations , as well as the size and economic resources of economic operators; ### guidance on due diligence in relation to forced labour , which shall take into account applicable union legislation setting out due diligence requirements with respect to forced labour , guidelines and recommendations from international organisations , especially women and children organisations , as well as the size and economic resources of economic operators. specifically , the commission should develop simplified additional support tools and specialised guidelines on due diligence in relation to forced labour and measures for smes. with regards to adequate remediation , further guidelines can also be provided , but should ensure alignment with the remediation which will be provided in directive 20xx/xx/eu on corporate sustainability due diligence of the european parliament and of the council , since this regulation adequately complements the directive;


### information on risk indicators of forced labour , which shall be based on independent and verifiable information , including reports from international organisations , in particular the international labour organization , civil society , business organisations , and experience from implementing union legislation setting out due diligence requirements with respect to forced labour; ### information on risk indicators of forced labour , which shall be based on the indicators for forced labour set out by the ilo including in its ‘hard to see , harder to count – survey guidelines to estimate forced labour of adults and children’ , on independent and verifiable information , including reports from international organisations , in particular the international labour organization , civil society , business organisations , and experience from implementing union legislation setting out due diligence requirements with respect to forced labour;