### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all ages , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , and to support integrated care and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons as well as disabled persons to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being . ### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all ages , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , and to support integrated care and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons as well as disabled persons to remain active and independent as well as to decrease cost by new therapies and alternative cost - effective biotechnological production methods . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being .


### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , markets and society , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects . ### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported remain relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , economies and society in a globalised world , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects .


### research activities intended to create human embryos solely for the purpose of research or for the purpose of stem cell procurement , including by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer . ### research activities intended either to create – by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer or by parthenogenesis or any other means – or to destroy human embryos for any purpose , including that of stem cells procurement ; as well as any research activities involving the use of human embryonic stem cells .


### the need for a new approach to control and risk management in union research funding was recognised by the european council of 4 february 2011 , asking for a new balance between trust and control and between risk - taking and risk avoidance . the european parliament , in its resolution of 11 november 2010 on simplifying the implementation of the research framework programmes , called for a pragmatic shift towards administrative and financial simplification and states that the management of european research funding should be more trust - based and risk - tolerant towards participants . the interim evaluation report of the seventh framework programme for research concludes that a more radical approach is needed to attain a quantum leap in simplification , and that the risk - trust balance needs to be redressed . ### the need for a new approach to develop an evidence - based risk management strategy as part of the union ' s research funding strategy was recognised by the european council of 4 february 2011 . at this time the council asked for a new balance between trust and control and between risk - taking and risk avoidance . the european parliament , in its resolution of 11 november 2010 on simplifying the implementation of the research framework programmes , called for a pragmatic shift towards administrative and financial simplification and states that the management of european research funding should be more trust - based and risk - tolerant towards researchers . the interim evaluation report of the seventh framework programme for research concludes that a more radical approach is needed to attain a quantum leap toward simplified procedures that demonstrate the union ' s trust in researchers and encourage them to take the risks needed for accelerated progress in science and technology .


### the european commission does not explicitly solicit the use of human embryonic stem cells . the use of human stem cells , be they adult or embryonic , if any , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . no project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded that does not obtain the necessary approvals from the member states . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . ### there are considerable differences between national legislations on research using human embryos and human embryonic stem cells . union policy should not seek to harmonise national legislation . in connection with the seventh framework programme , the commission stated that it would ' continue with the current practice and [ would ] not submit to the regulatory committee proposals for projects which include research activities which destroy human embryos , including for the procurement of stem cells ' 1 . it is desirable to insert this commitment into this regulation in order to ensure legal certainty . __________________ 1 point 12 of the commission statement re article 6 , annexed to decision no 1982 / 2006 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 18 december 2006 concerning the seventh framework programme of the european community for research , technological development and demonstration activities , oj l 412 , 30 . 12 . 2006 , p . 1 .


### the implementation of horizon 2020 may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain member states only , the participation of the union in programmes undertaken by several member states , or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of articles 184 , 185 and 187 tfeu . ### the implementation of horizon 2020 may give rise - under specific conditions and on a case - by - case basis - to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain member states only , the participation of the union in programmes undertaken by several member states , or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of articles 184 , 185 and 187 tfeu . these supplementary programmes or arrangements should have a clear eu added value , be based on genuine partnerships , complement other activities under horizon 2020 , and be as inclusive as possible in terms of participation by member states , smes or industry , universities and research and technology organisations .


### targeted actions with the objective of promoting cooperation with specific third countries or groups of third countries shall be implemented on the basis of common interest and mutual benefit , taking into account their scientific and technological capabilities and market opportunities , and the expected impact . ### targeted actions with the objective of promoting cooperation with specific third countries or groups of third countries shall be implemented on the basis of common interest and mutual benefit . these actions shall include , in particular , research capacity building in developing countries and cooperation projects focusing on these countries’ specific needs in areas such as health – including research on neglected diseases – as well as agriculture , fisheries and the environment , and implemented in financial conditions adapted to their capacities .


### societal challenges , eur 35888 million . ### societal challenges , 36 , 4% .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of electric and other low or zero emission vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure ; to explore and exploit the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; to optimise the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; and to increase the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas . ### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency by : - accelerating the development and deployment of a new generation of clean vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure ; - exploring and exploiting the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; - optimising the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; - increasing the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas .


### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . ### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . the activities of the eit and its knowledge and innovation communities should contribute to spread excellence and widen participation as well .


### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared . ### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . water challenges include water use in rural , urban and industrial environments and the protection of aquatic ecosystems . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , european innovation partnerships on water efficiency and raw materials are being prepared .


### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . ### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for good quality , safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution as well as food consumption more sustainable and the food sector more competitive while preserving european biodiversity . . the activities shall focus on good quality , a broad diversity of healthy , authentic , high quality and safe foods for all , better food information to consumers , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and additives and produce less by products , waste and green - house gases .


### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all ages , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , and to support integrated care and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons as well as disabled persons to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being . ### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all individuals , irrespective of their age or gender and economic means , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , and diagnosis , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , to empower citizens and patients through health literacy , and to support integrated care , and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons , persons with chronic diseases as well as disabled persons and patients to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being and quality of life .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of technologies and value chains to make bio - energy more competitive and sustainable , to reduce time to market for hydrogen and fuel cells and to bring new options showing long - term potential to maturity . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of technologies and value chains to make bio - energy hydrogen and other alternative liquid or gaseous fuels with potential for more efficient energy conversion .


### targeted actions with the objective of promoting cooperation with specific third countries or groups of third countries shall be implemented on the basis of common interest and mutual benefit , taking into account their scientific and technological capabilities and market opportunities , and the expected impact . ### targeted actions with the objective of promoting cooperation with specific third countries or groups of third countries shall be implemented on the basis of common interest and mutual benefit , taking into account their scientific and technological capabilities and market opportunities , and the expected impact . account should be taken , in these cooperative activities , of the scientific and technological capabilities of the outermost regions and the overseas countries and territories .


### activities to disseminate information and carry out communication activities shall be an integral task under all of the actions supported by horizon 2020 . ### activities to disseminate information and carry out communication activities shall be an integral task under all of the actions supported by horizon 2020 . all information and communication actions concerning horizon 2020 , including communication measures concerning supported projects , research results , and evaluations results shall be made openly available and accessible in digital form .


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and society and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , with the aim of keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change .


### novel green innovation alliances and industrial symbiosis shall be fostered allowing industries to diversify , expand their business models , re - using their waste as a basis for new productions , e . g . co2 as carbon base for fine chemicals and alternative fuels . ### novel green innovation alliances and industrial symbiosis shall be fostered allowing industries to diversify , expand their business models , re - using their waste as a basis for new productions , e . g . co2 as carbon base for fine chemicals and alternative fuels and urban mining for the recycle and re - use of rare earth elements .


### powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems , biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the union ' s industrial base and its innovation capacity . examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial applications including bio - chemicals , of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 % - 20 % of chemical production by 2015 . a number of the so - called twelve rules of green chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology , due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio - systems . the possible economic burdens for union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio - based products to reduce co2 emissions , estimated to range from between 1 to 2 . 5 billion tons co2 equivalent per year by 2030 . in europe ' s biopharmaceutical sector , already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology , with up to 50 % of new medicines . biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial , health and environmental applications . the emerging sector of marine biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year . ### powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems , biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the union ' s industrial base and its innovation capacity . examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial applications including bio - chemicals , of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 % - 20 % of chemical production by 2015 . a number of the so - called twelve rules of green chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology , due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio - systems . the possible economic burdens for union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio - based products to reduce co2 emissions , estimated to range from between 1 to 2 . 5 billion tons co2 equivalent per year by 2030 . in europe ' s biopharmaceutical sector , already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology , with up to 50 % of new medicines . biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial , health , energy , chemical and environmental applications . the emerging sector of marine biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year .


### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness . ### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for funding excellent research and innovation , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness .


### the right mix of openness and varying degrees of structuring of topics , communities and funding shall be defined for each activity in order to address optimally the objectives pursued . ### the right mix of openness and varying degrees of structuring of topics , communities and funding shall be defined for each activity in order to address optimally the objectives pursued . fet activities shall be open to collaboration with third parties , based on common interest and mutual benefit , while protecting european interests .


### europe is facing a number of structural weaknesses when it comes to innovation capacity and the ability to deliver new services , products and processes . among the main issues at hand are europe ' s relatively poor record in talent attraction and retention ; the underutilisation of existing research strengths in terms of creating economic or social value ; low levels of entrepreneurial activity ; a scale of resources in poles of excellence which is insufficient to compete globally ; and an excessive number of barriers to collaboration within the knowledge triangle of higher education , research and business on a european level . ### europe is facing a number of structural weaknesses when it comes to innovation capacity and the ability to deliver new services , products and processes . among the main issues at hand are europe ' s relatively poor record in talent attraction and retention ; the impoverishment of technical and scientific skills characteristic historically of various regions ; the underutilisation of existing research strengths in terms of creating economic or social value ; low levels of entrepreneurial activity ; a scale of resources in poles of excellence which is insufficient to compete globally ; and an excessive number of barriers to collaboration within the knowledge triangle of higher education , research and business on a european level .


### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds and rural development policy , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies . ### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds and rural development policy and the common agricultural policy , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies .


### the european commission does not explicitly solicit the use of human embryonic stem cells . the use of human stem cells , be they adult or embryonic , if any , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . no project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded that does not obtain the necessary approvals from the member states . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . ### there are considerable differences between national laws on research using human embryos and human embryonic stem cells . union policy should not seek to harmonise national legislation . in connection with the seventh framework programme , the commission declared that it would ' continue with the current practice and [ would ] not submit to the regulatory committee proposals for projects which include research activities which destroy human embryos , including for the procurement of stem cells ' 1 . this commitment should be inserted into this regulation in order to ensure legal certainty . the commission should actively support research aimed at developing alternatives to embryonic stem cells . __________________ 1 point 12 of the commission statement re article 6 , annexed to decision no 1982 / 2006 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 18 december 2006 concerning the seventh framework programme of the european community for research , technological development and demonstration activities .


### specific actions shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘ societal challenges’ set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ‘ innovation in smes’ in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i . ### specific actions for smes shall be undertaken within the specific objective ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ' societal challenges ' set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of , inter alia , a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ' innovation in smes ' in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i .


### by fostering novel ideas , fet shall support embryonic science and technology research exploring new foundations for radically new future technologies by challenging current paradigms and venturing into unknown areas . a bottom - up selection process widely open to any research ideas shall build up a diverse portfolio of targeted projects . early detection of promising new areas , developments and trends , along with attracting new and high - potential research and innovation players , will be key . ### by fostering novel ideas , fet shall support early stage science and technology research exploring new foundations for radically new future technologies by challenging current paradigms and venturing into unknown areas . a bottom - up selection process widely open to any research ideas shall build up a diverse portfolio of targeted projects . early detection of promising new areas , developments and trends , along with attracting new and high - potential research and innovation players , will be key .


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ; ### food security , sustainable agriculture and forestry , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ;


### activities shall focus on the development of tools , methods and models for a robust and transparent policy support , including activities on public acceptance and engagement , user involvement and sustainability . ### activities shall focus on the development of tools , methods and models and forward - looking scenarios for a robust and transparent policy support , including activities on public acceptance and engagement , user involvement , environmental impact assessment and sustainability .


### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers . ### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to a systemic approach of the spatial , urban and territorial issues , to climate change , healthy seas and oceans and sustainable development , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to the development of research into european legal systems , to cooperation with third countries , to ethical responsible research and innovation including the respect of equal opportunities between men and women in research , to more inclusive governance of research , to participatory research , to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession for both sexes and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers .


### the implementation of horizon 2020 should respond to the evolving opportunities and needs from science and technology , industry , policies and society . as such , the agendas should be set in close liaison with stakeholders from all sectors concerned , and sufficient flexibility should be allowed for new developments . external advice should be sought on a continuous basis during horizon 2020 , also making use of relevant structures such as european technology platforms , joint programming initiatives and the european innovation partnerships . ### the implementation of horizon 2020 should respond to the evolving opportunities and needs from science and technology , industry , policies and society . as such , the agendas should be set in close liaison with stakeholders from all sectors concerned , and sufficient flexibility should be allowed for new developments and bottom - up approaches , especially with regard to emerging science and technology fields and inter - and trans - disciplinary research . external advice should be sought on a continuous basis during horizon 2020 . the input of relevant structures such as the european institute of innovation and technology and its knowledge and innovation communities , european technology platforms , joint programming initiatives and the european innovation partnerships will be fully taken into account , given their crucial role in the process of identifying the research needs .


### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . ### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest , mutual benefit and reciprocity , where appropriate . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . special attention will be paid to the council conclusion on the role of the eu in global health1 . __________________ 1 conclusions of the foreign affairs council of 10 may 2010 .


### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . around one third of this may go to smes . ### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . at least one third of this shall go to smes .


### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers . ### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to multi - , inter - and trans - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers .


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that will contribute to tackling energy challenges , mainly linked to the integration of renewable energy , and that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems .


### effective health promotion , supported by a robust evidence base , prevents disease , improves wellbeing and is cost effective . health promotion and disease prevention also depend on an understanding of the determinants of health , on effective preventive tools , such as vaccines , on effective health and disease surveillance and preparedness , and on effective screening programmes . ### effective health promotion , supported by a robust evidence base , prevents disease , improves wellbeing and is cost effective . health promotion and disease prevention also depend on an understanding of the determinants of health , including the link between human and animal health , on effective preventive tools , such as vaccines , on effective health and disease surveillance and preparedness , and on effective screening programmes , also covering the use of antibiotics in animals .


### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared . ### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . water challenges include water use in rural , urban and industrial environments and the protection of aquatic ecosystems . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , european innovation partnerships on water efficiency and raw materials are being prepared .


### increasing the competitiveness of process industries , by drastically improving resource and energy efficiencies and reducing the environmental impact of such industrial activities through the whole value chain , promoting the adoption of low - carbon technologies . ### increasing the competitiveness of process industries , by drastically improving resource and energy efficiencies and reducing the environmental impact of such industrial activities through the whole value chain , promoting the adoption of low - carbon technologies , e . g . developing new catalysts for more ecofriendly and efficient processes .


### the response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health , disease , disability , development and ageing , and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative , scalable and effective products , strategies , interventions and services . furthermore , the pertinence of these challenges across europe and in many cases , globally , demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co - operation between excellent , multidisciplinary and multi - sector teams . ### the response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health , disease , disability , development and ageing , and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative , scalable , effective and accessible products , strategies , interventions and services . furthermore , the pertinence of these challenges across europe and in many cases , globally , demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co - operation between excellent , multidisciplinary and multi - sector teams .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies ' .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , quantum optics , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing , robotics and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . appropriate consideration shall be given to the needs of users in all these areas , in both the public and private spheres .


### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated biorefineries , utilising biomass from primary production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and opening new markets through supporting standardisation , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes . ### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , more resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries , while making bio - waste an asset used at its full potential . it is vital to create a closed circuit between urban and rural areas . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated second and third generation biorefineries , producing and utilising biomass and other residues from primary agricultural and forestry production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and through efficient transformation of bio - waste in urban areas into agricultural inputs . this will foster new markets and create potential new revenue streams for primary producers through supporting standardisation , certification schemes , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes .


### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared . ### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . call for water use in rural , urban and industrial areas should be included as well as call in the field of water ecosystem protection . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared .


### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . ### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution as well as food consumption more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on a broad diversity of healthy , authentic , high quality and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and additives and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . consumers have to make conscious choices and be not only informed about safe foods , but also made aware of the environmental , socio - economic , and nutritional consequences entailed in their choices and in the fact of wasting food . these innovations should also aim to reduce food waste in production , the distribution chain and by consumers .


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality healthy food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production and food processing systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy .


### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the adequate participation of , and innovation impact on , small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . quantitative and qualitative assessments of sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements . ### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the adequate participation of , and innovation impact on , small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 , in particular in the closer - to - market phases of projects . quantitative and qualitative assessments of sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements .


### the commission shall annually monitor the implementation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . this shall include information on cross - cutting topics such as sustainability and climate change , including information on the amount of climate related expenditure . ### the commission shall annually monitor the implementation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . this shall include information on cross - cutting topics such as progress towards widening participation across the eu , sustainability and climate change , including information on the amount of climate related expenditure .


### research and innovation activities on nuclear fission and fusion energy are carried out in the euratom part of horizon 2020 . ### research and innovation activities on nuclear fission and fusion energy are carried out in the euratom part of horizon 2020 . possible synergies between the ' secure , clean and efficient energy ' challenge and the euratom part of horizon 2020 shall be envisaged .


### inclusive , innovative and secure societies . ### europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies .


### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation . ### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , for example in highly competitive business sectors such as telecommunications , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in all those sectors of the space industry which address the challenges faced by eu societies and / or generate a large number of highly skilled jobs located in europe . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information also represent an important source of growth and job creation .


### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting science education , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities . ### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and re - establishing and deepening public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an active participation of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting participatory research , science education , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible agendas for research and innovation and application of the results thereof that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities .


### powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems , biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the union ' s industrial base and its innovation capacity . examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial applications including bio - chemicals , of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 % - 20 % of chemical production by 2015 . a number of the so - called twelve rules of green chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology , due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio - systems . the possible economic burdens for union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio - based products to reduce co2 emissions , estimated to range from between 1 to 2 . 5 billion tons co2 equivalent per year by 2030 . in europe ' s biopharmaceutical sector , already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology , with up to 50 % of new medicines . biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial , health and environmental applications . the emerging sector of marine biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year . ### powered by the expansion of the knowledge of living systems , biotechnology is set to deliver a stream of new applications and to strengthen the union ' s industrial base and its innovation capacity . examples of the rising importance of biotechnology are in industrial and agricultural applications including food and feed production , bio - chemicals , of which the market share is estimated to increase by up to 12 % - 20 % of chemical production by 2015 . a number of the so - called twelve rules of green chemistry are also addressed by biotechnology , due to the selectivity and efficiency of bio - systems . the possible economic burdens for union enterprises can be reduced by harnessing the potential of biotechnology processes and bio - based products to reduce co2 emissions , estimated to range from between 1 to 2 . 5 billion tons co2 equivalent per year by 2030 . in europe ' s biopharmaceutical sector , already some 20 % of the current medicines are derived from biotechnology , with up to 50 % of new medicines . biotechnology also opens new avenues for exploiting the huge potential of marine resources for producing innovative industrial , health and environmental applications . the emerging sector of marine biotechnology has been predicted to grow by 10 % a year .


### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness . ### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , transferring research results to all the levels of education , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness .


### the union is committed to achieving the europe 2020 strategy , which has set the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth , highlighting the role of research and innovation as key drivers of social and economic prosperity and of environmental sustainability and setting itself the goal to increase spending on research and development to reach 3 % of gross domestic product by 2020 while developing an innovation intensity indicator . in this context , the innovation union flagship initiative sets out a strategic and integrated approach to research and innovation , setting the framework and objectives to which future union research and innovation funding should contribute . research and innovation are also key factors for other europe 2020 flagship initiatives , notably on resource efficient europe , an industrial policy for the globalisation era , and a digital agenda for europe . moreover , for achieving the europe 2020 objectives relating to research and innovation , cohesion policy has a key role to play through building capacity and providing a stairway to excellence . ### the union is committed to achieving the europe 2020 strategy , which has set the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth , highlighting the role of research and innovation as key drivers of social and economic prosperity and of environmental sustainability and setting itself the goal to increase spending on research and development to reach 3 % of gross domestic product by 2020 while developing an innovation intensity indicator . in this context , the innovation union flagship initiative sets out a strategic and integrated approach to research and innovation , setting the framework and objectives to which future union research and innovation funding should contribute . research and innovation are also key factors for other europe 2020 flagship initiatives , notably on resource efficient europe , an industrial policy for the globalisation era , and a digital agenda for europe . moreover , for achieving the europe 2020 objectives relating to research and innovation , cohesion policy has a key role to play through building capacity and providing a stairway to excellence . innovation policy and cohesion policy should be more closely linked through the inclusion of ‘ support for industrial competitiveness’ under the heading of smart specialisation , with assistance towards meeting associated investment capital needs . this would provide a counterweight to initiatives in certain regions of the world which have become much more attractive to industrial investors than europe .


### research and development to investigate alternatives to the use of materials and innovative business model approaches . ### research and development to investigate substitution and alternatives to the use of materials and innovative business model approaches .


### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . ### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations , given each activity has a clear union added - value . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . the instrument will provide a quality label for successful smes in view of their participation in public procurement .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ europe in a changing world - inclusive , innovative and reflective societies ' .


### in accordance with article 182 tfeu , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for . ### in accordance with article 182 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for in article 180 of the treaty .


### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account . research activities should also take into account article 13 tfeu and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu . ### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles . the reasoned , regularly updated opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account , which entails , as a prerequisite , a transparent method of selection underpinned by the independence and scientific expertise of the members of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies . research activities should also take into account article 13 tfeu and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use , including through strategic development , integration and use of innovative , non - animal tools and technologies . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu .


### development of emerging technology areas such as synthetic biology , bioinformatics and systems biology , which hold great promise for completely novel applications . ### development of emerging technology areas such as biology systems , bio - informatic and synthetic biology and systems biology , which hold great promise for completely novel applications .


### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness . ### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for funding excellent research and innovation , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness .


### smes constitute a significant source of innovation and growth in europe . therefore a strong participation of smes , as defined in commission recommendation 2003 / 361 / ec of 6 may 2003 , is needed in horizon 2020 . this should support the aims of the small business act . ### smes constitute a significant source of innovation and growth in europe . therefore a strong participation of smes , as defined in commission recommendation 2003 / 361 / ec of 6 may 2003 , is needed in horizon 2020 . this should support the aims of the small business act . constituting more than 95% of all enterprises in the union , there are , however , big differences between smes and a different approach is required for different types of smes . therefore , horizon 2020 should provide for a package of different instruments to support the research and innovation activities and capacities of smes , such as direct funding , better participation in collaborative projects , easier access to finance , skills enhancement and training , mobility of human resources , and eurostars . horizon 2020 should also support small ' mid - caps ' , many of which have high growth potential .


### ensure societal engagement in research and innovation ; ### science with and for society ;


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , enabling access to world - class research infrastructures , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement and pre - commercial procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations .


### the implementation of horizon 2020 may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain member states only , the participation of the union in programmes undertaken by several member states , or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of articles 184 , 185 and 187 tfeu . ### the implementation of horizon 2020 may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain member states only , the participation of the union in programmes undertaken by several member states , or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of articles 184 , 185 and 187 tfeu , although these must be open to participation by other member states and include procedures facilitating participation by new countries .


### chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes , neurological and mental health disorders , overweight and obesity and various functional limitations are major causes of disability , ill - health and premature death , and present considerable social and economic costs . ### chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes , neurodegenerative diseases , neurological and mental health disorders , overweight and obesity and various functional limitations are major causes of disability , ill - health and premature death , and present considerable social and economic costs .


### the aim is the promotion of low carbon , resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated biorefineries , utilising biomass from primary production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and opening new markets through supporting standardisation , regulatory and demonstration / field trial activities and others , while taking into account the implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes . ### the aim is the promotion of renewable - based and energy efficient , resource efficient , sustainable and competitive european bio - based industries . the activities shall focus on fostering the bio - economy by transforming conventional industrial processes and products into bio - based resource and energy efficient ones , the development of integrated biorefineries , producing and utilising biomass from primary production , biowaste and bio - based industry by - products , and opening new markets through supporting where necessary standardisation , but also through regulatory and demonstration activities and others , while taking into account the environmental and socio - economic implication of the bio - economy on land use and land use changes as well as civil society views and concerns .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of electric and other low or zero emission vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure ; to explore and exploit the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; to optimise the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; and to increase the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas . ### the focus of activities shall , as a first step , be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the energy efficiency of all kinds of vehicles , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of low or zero emission vehicles and the accompanying infrastructure , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure and the use of renewables in rail , water and air transport . it is also essential to have a waste management policy linked to these innovations . moreover , all innovation aimed at achieving low or zero emissions in all modes of transport should be encouraged , including developing and harnessing the huge potential of alternative and sustainable fuels , as well as developing innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , work on optimising fuel systems , vehicle weights and aerodynamics , and development and infrastructure , and optimising the use of infrastructures by using intelligent transport systems and smart equipment . it is important to increase the use of public and non - motorised transport and intermodal mobility chains , particularly in urban areas .


### the eit will address these issues by promoting structural changes in the european innovation landscape . it will do so by fostering the integration of higher education , research and innovation of the highest standards , thereby creating new environments conducive to innovation , and by promoting and supporting a new generation of entrepreneurial people . in doing so , the eit will contribute fully to the objectives of europe 2020 and notably the innovation union and youth on the move flagship initiatives . ### the eit will address these issues by promoting structural changes in the european innovation landscape which encourages the union to become more competitive . it will do so by fostering the integration of higher education , research and innovation of the highest standards , thereby creating new environments conducive to innovation , and by promoting and supporting a new generation of entrepreneurial people . in doing so , the eit will contribute fully to the objectives of europe 2020 and notably the innovation union and youth on the move flagship initiatives ; therefore the financial contribution set out in annex ii is crucial .


### the specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive , sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of european sectors like agriculture , food , chemical and health . ### the specific objective of biotechnology research and innovation is to develop competitive , sustainable and innovative industrial products and processes and contribute as an innovation driver in a number of european sectors like health , chemical , agriculture and food .


### horizon 2020 will take an integrated approach to the participation of smes , which could lead to around 15 % of the total combined budgets for all specific objectives on societal challenges and the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ being devoted to smes . ### horizon 2020 will take an integrated approach to the participation of smes , which should reach 20% of the total combined budgets for all specific objectives on societal challenges and the specific objective ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' being devoted to smes .


### speeding up this development will require a strategic approach at union level , spanning energy supply , demand and use in buildings , services , transport and industrial value chains . this will entail aligning resources across the union , including cohesion policy funds , in particular through the national and regional strategies for smart specialisation , emission trading schemes , public procurement and other financing mechanisms . it will also require regulatory and deployment policies for renewables and energy efficiency , tailored technical assistance and capacity - building to remove non - technological barriers . ### speeding up this development will require a strategic approach at union level , spanning energy supply , demand and use in buildings , services , transport and industrial value chains . this will entail aligning resources across the union , including cohesion policy funds , in particular through the national and regional strategies for smart specialisation , emission trading schemes , public procurement and other financing mechanisms . it will also require regulatory and deployment policies for renewables and energy efficiency , tailored technical assistance and capacity - building to remove non - technological barriers . as regards the outermost regions , the possibility of incentives should be considered to enable them to develop renewable energy sources and hence tap their alternative energy potential while reducing their dependence on fossil energy .


### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services , zero - waste and adequate societal value . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond . ### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services , zero waste and adequate societal value . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond . to that end , and especially as regards twinning and networking of researchers and innovators , the specific circumstances of the outermost regions must be taken into account .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : «« understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis in different socio - economic contexts ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving the surveillance of infectious diseases in the union as well as in neighbouring and developing countries and preparedness for combating epidemics and emerging diseases ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### this part aims to reinforce and extend the excellence of the union ' s science base and to consolidate the european research area in order to make the union ' s research and innovation system more competitive on a global scale . it consists of four specific objectives : ### this part aims to reinforce and extend the excellence of the union ' s science base and to consolidate the european research area in order to make the union ' s research and innovation system more competitive on a global scale . it consists of five specific objectives :


### the response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health , disease , disability , development and ageing , and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative , scalable and effective products , strategies , interventions and services . furthermore , the pertinence of these challenges across europe and in many cases , globally , demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co - operation between excellent , multidisciplinary and multi - sector teams . ### the response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health , disease , disability , development and ageing , and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative , scalable and effective products , strategies , interventions and services . furthermore , the pertinence of these challenges across europe and in many cases , globally , demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co - operation between excellent , multidisciplinary and multi - sector teams globally , including research and development capacity in endemic areas . for this challenge as for others , the success in terms of innovation will depend upon a right balance between upstream research and support to applications . collaborative research complements the exploratory research which is funded in the first pillar . upstream collaborative research is a strategic tool which must be funded in the same extent as clinical research in order to make europe more competitive in the health industry


### the specific objective of nanotechnologies research and innovation is to secure union leadership in this high growth global market , by stimulating investment in nanotechnologies and their uptake in high added - value , competitive products and services across a range of applications and sectors . ### the specific objective of nanotechnologies research and innovation is to prepare union leadership in this high growth global market , by stimulating investment and patents in safe and responsible nanotechnologies and their uptake in high added - value , competitive products and services across a range of applications and sectors .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive and therapeutic vaccines ; developing new biopharmaceuticals , cell - based therapies and new production methods ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use and organisation of health data ; application of efficient e - health systems ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; patient ' s needs serving innovative orthopaedic tools ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### activities shall focus on research and full - scale testing of new concepts , non - technological solutions , more efficient , socially acceptable and affordable technology components and systems with in - built intelligence , to allow real - time energy management for near - zero - emission buildings , renewable heating and cooling , highly efficient industries and mass take - up of energy efficiency solutions by companies , individuals , communities and cities . ### activities shall focus on research and full - scale testing of new concepts , non - technological solutions , more efficient , socially acceptable and affordable technology components and systems with in - built intelligence , to allow real - time energy management for cities and territories , near - zero - emission buildings , retrofitted buildings , renewable heating and cooling , including recovery of energy from waste , highly efficient industries and mass take - up of energy efficiency solutions and services by companies , individuals , communities and cities .


### the need for a new approach to control and risk management in union research funding was recognised by the european council of 4 february 2011 , asking for a new balance between trust and control and between risk - taking and risk avoidance . the european parliament , in its resolution of 11 november 2010 on simplifying the implementation of the research framework programmes , called for a pragmatic shift towards administrative and financial simplification and states that the management of european research funding should be more trust - based and risk - tolerant towards participants . the interim evaluation report of the seventh framework programme for research concludes that a more radical approach is needed to attain a quantum leap in simplification , and that the risk - trust balance needs to be redressed . ### the need for a new approach to develop an evidence - based risk management strategy as part of the union ' s research funding strategy was recognised by the european council of 4 february 2011 . at this time the council asked for a new balance between trust and control and between risk - taking and risk avoidance . the european parliament , in its resolution of 11 november 2010 on simplifying the implementation of the research framework programmes , called for a pragmatic shift towards administrative and financial simplification and states that the management of european research funding should be more trust - based and risk - tolerant towards researchers . the interim evaluation report of the seventh framework programme for research concludes that a more radical approach is needed to attain a quantum leap toward simplified procedures that demonstrate the union ' s trust in researchers and encourage them to take the risks needed for accelerated progress in science and technology .


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . in order to achieve this goal a specific interdisciplinary programme on the ethical , legal and social aspects of science and technology will also be established with a specific autonomous budget .


### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the adequate participation of , and innovation impact on , small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . quantitative and qualitative assessments of sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements . ### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the increased participation of , and innovation impact on , the private sector , particularly small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . this covers : assistance at all stages of the research cycle , from prototype to full implementation , in order to enable them to fulfil their research potentials , b ) providing special support for intellectual property rights negotiations in open innovation projects , c ) providing support measures to help bridge delays in grants , as cash flow remains a key concern for smes , d ) providing support measures for awareness - raising activities among smes . quantitative and qualitative assessments of private sector , and particularly sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements .


### in accordance with article 182 tfeu , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for . ### in accordance with article 182 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for in article 180 of the treaty .


### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures . ### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures . it shall be carried out in association with the member states so as to ensure that research and innovation policies implemented in the member states and by local authorities are complementary and offer european added value .


### the approach shall include both agenda - driven activities and more open areas to promote innovative projects and breakthrough solutions . emphasis shall be on r&d , large - scale pilots and demonstration activities , test beds and living labs , prototyping and product validation in pilot lines . activities shall be designed to boost industrial competitiveness by stimulating industry , and in particular smes , to make more research and innovation investment . ### the approach shall include both agenda - driven activities and more open areas to promote innovative projects and breakthrough solutions . emphasis shall be on r&d , large - scale pilots and demonstration activities , small and medium scale innovative projects to pave the way to large - scale projects , test beds and living labs , prototyping and product validation in pilot lines . activities shall be designed to boost industrial competitiveness by stimulating industry , and in particular smes , to make more research and innovation investment .


### the european institute of innovation and technology shall be financed through a maximum contribution from horizon 2020 of eur 3194 million as set out in annex ii . a first allocation of eur 1542 million shall be provided to the european institute of innovation and technology for activities under title xvii of the treaty on the functioning of the european union . a second allocation of up to eur 1652 million shall be provided , subject to the review set out in article 26 . this additional amount shall be provided on a pro - rata basis , as indicated in annex ii , from the amount for the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ within the priority on industrial leadership set out in paragraph 2 and from the amount for the priority on societal challenges set out in 2 . ### the european institute of innovation and technology shall be financed through a minimum contribution from horizon 2020 of 3 , 64 percent of the total budget as set out in annex ii .


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ; ### bioeconomy : food security , sustainable agriculture and forestry , marine and maritime research , and bio - based industry ;


### the european commission does not explicitly solicit the use of human embryonic stem cells . the use of human stem cells , be they adult or embryonic , if any , depends on the judgement of the scientists in view of the objectives they want to achieve and is subject to stringent ethics review . no project involving the use of human embryonic stem cells should be funded that does not obtain the necessary approvals from the member states . no activity should be funded that is forbidden in all member states . no activity should be funded in a member state where such activity is forbidden . ### there are considerable differences between national legislations on research using human embryos and human embryonic stem cells . union policy should not seek to harmonise national legislation . in connection with the seventh framework programme , the commission stated that it would ' continue with the current practice and [ would ] not submit to the regulatory committee proposals for projects which include research activities which destroy human embryos , including for the procurement of stem cells ' 1 . it is desirable to insert this commitment into this regulation in order to ensure legal certainty . __________________ 1 point 12 of the commission statement re article 6 , annexed to decision no 1982 / 2006 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 18 december 2006 concerning the seventh framework programme of the european community for research , technological development and demonstration activities , oj l 412 , 30 . 12 . 2006 , p . 1 .