### 6. highlights the key role being played by the nrrps in driving the member states’ reform and investment agendas; recalls the importance of reforms in bolstering recovery and future productivity growth and as enablers of investment; stresses the crucial role of investments in boosting growth; ### 6. highlights the key role being played by the nrrps in driving the member states’ reform and investment agendas; recalls the importance of reforms in bolstering recovery and future productivity growth and as enablers of investment; stresses the crucial role of investments in boosting growth; recalls the importance of verifying the effective implementation of the rrf and that the funds actually reach the real economy and smes;


### 6. highlights the key role being played by the nrrps in driving the member states’ reform and investment agendas; recalls the importance of reforms in bolstering recovery and future productivity growth and as enablers of investment; stresses the crucial role of investments in boosting growth; ### 6. highlights the key role being played by the nrrps in driving the member states’ reform and investment agendas; recalls the importance of reforms in bolstering the recovery , future productivity growth and competitiveness; stresses that investments will only have a long-term effect if the reform agenda is properly implemented;


### the six-pillar structure , ensuring that member states give adequate consideration in their reform and investment agendas to all the relevant dimensions for making eu economies and societies more prosperous , sustainable , inclusive , competitive and resilient; ### national ownership


### thorough monitoring by the european parliament , ensuring the open , transparent and democratic scrutiny of the rrf’s implementation; ### clear incentives to follow through with the reform agenda;


### welcomes the extension of these features to the european semester and other instruments used for economic coordination; ### deleted


### welcomes the extension of these features to the european semester and other instruments used for economic coordination; ### welcomes the extension of these features to the european semester and other instruments used for economic coordination , underlining the need to adapt such features to the specific reality of the european semester - as essentially an instrument for economic coordination - and the importance of having that in regard in a future reform of economic governance;


### 8. highlights the essential role played by the rrf in equipping the union with the tools needed to successfully face the global challenges stemming from the green transition and the digital transformation of the economy , along with the implementation of the european pillar of social rights; ### 8. notes the temporary role played by the rrf in adressing global challenges stemming from the green transition and the digital transformation of the economy; calls on member states to make the most of this opportunity and to use it to transform their economies and make them more competitive;


### 9. welcomes the publication of the commission’s communication on orientations for a reform of the eu economic governance framework; expresses concern about its delay; stresses the need to adopt legislative proposals before time runs out and the general escape clause is removed and the current legislature comes to an end; ### 9. welcomes the publication of the commission’s communication on orientations for a reform of the eu economic governance framework; expresses concern about its delay; stresses the need to adopt legislative proposals before time runs out and the current legislature comes to an end;


### 10. agrees with the commission’s orientations as regard the simplification of the framework , differences in member states’ debt reduction paths , the use of a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis and the general escape clauses; ### 10. agrees with the commission’s orientations in general as regard the simplification of the framework , differences in member states’ debt reduction paths and the use of a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis; notes , however , that numerical examples are lacking , which hamper a proper assessment of the proposals;


### 10. agrees with the commission’s orientations as regard the simplification of the framework , differences in member states’ debt reduction paths , the use of a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis and the general escape clauses; ### 10. takes note of the commission’s orientations as regard the simplification of the framework , differences in member states’ debt reduction paths , the use of a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis and the general escape clause; points out , however , that some of the tools suggested by the commission might make the process of economic governance more opaque;


### 10. agrees with the commission’s orientations as regard the simplification of the framework , differences in member states’ debt reduction paths , the use of a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis and the general escape clauses; ### 10. agrees with the commission’s orientations as regard the simplification of the framework , differences in member states’ debt reduction paths , the use of a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis and the general escape clauses; continued reduction of excessive public debt and maintaining prudent fiscal policies;


### 11. notes the aim to stimulate investment and reforms by allowing member states to have different debt reduction paths , provided that these enhance growth , improve debt sustainability and are in line with the eu’s objectives , in particular those of the green and digital transition and social resilience; ### 11. notes that due to different starting points the commissions suggests to allow member states to have different debt reduction paths , provided that these enhance growth , improve debt sustainability and are in line with the eu’s objectives; is concerned that the medium-term focus suggested by the commission might result in necessary fiscal consolidation efforts being pushed too far back in time;


### 12. notes that while monetary policy is conceived and designed as a single instrument , the overall fiscal policy is the result of aggregating 19 individual fiscal policies; underlines that , apart from the recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area , coordination of actions has thus far been limited and the situation and challenges of the euro area have not been easy to factor in; highlights that it is still largely random if the aggregation of national fiscal policies results in a euro area fiscal stance which is appropriate and consistent with monetary policy; regrets that the commission’s communication does not encompass rules or instruments that allow for the management of the euro area fiscal stance; ### 12. notes that while monetary policy is conceived and designed as a single instrument , the overall fiscal policy is the result of aggregating 19 individual fiscal policies; underlines that , apart from the recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area , coordination of actions has thus far been limited and the situation and challenges of the euro area have not been easy to factor in; highlights that it is still largely random if the aggregation of national fiscal policies results in a euro area fiscal stance which is appropriate and consistent with monetary policy; notes that the commission’s communication does not encompass rules or instruments that allow for the management of the euro area fiscal stance; stresses furthermore that solid public finances enable national automatic stabilisers to help member states in reaching the appropriate fiscal stance;


### 12. notes that while monetary policy is conceived and designed as a single instrument , the overall fiscal policy is the result of aggregating 19 individual fiscal policies; underlines that , apart from the recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area , coordination of actions has thus far been limited and the situation and challenges of the euro area have not been easy to factor in; highlights that it is still largely random if the aggregation of national fiscal policies results in a euro area fiscal stance which is appropriate and consistent with monetary policy; regrets that the commission’s communication does not encompass rules or instruments that allow for the management of the euro area fiscal stance; ### 12. notes that while monetary policy is conceived and designed as a single instrument , the overall fiscal policy is the result of aggregating 19 individual fiscal policies; underlines that , apart from the recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area , coordination of actions has thus far been limited and the situation and challenges of the euro area have not been easy to factor in; highlights that it is still largely random if the aggregation of national fiscal policies results in a euro area fiscal stance which is appropriate and consistent with monetary policy; regrets that the commission’s communication does not encompass rules or instruments that allow for the management of the euro area fiscal stance; highlights the benefits that the inclusion of the eurogroup in the treaties would bring to ensure greater coordination in the euro area;


### 12. notes that while monetary policy is conceived and designed as a single instrument , the overall fiscal policy is the result of aggregating 19 individual fiscal policies; underlines that , apart from the recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area , coordination of actions has thus far been limited and the situation and challenges of the euro area have not been easy to factor in; highlights that it is still largely random if the aggregation of national fiscal policies results in a euro area fiscal stance which is appropriate and consistent with monetary policy; regrets that the commission’s communication does not encompass rules or instruments that allow for the management of the euro area fiscal stance; ### 12. notes that while monetary policy is conceived and designed as a single instrument , the overall fiscal policy is the result of aggregating 19 individual fiscal policies; underlines that , apart from the recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area , coordination of actions has thus far been limited and the situation and challenges of the euro area have not been easy to factor in; highlights that it is still largely random if the aggregation of national fiscal policies results in a euro area fiscal stance which is appropriate; calls on the european commission to do more to encourage better fiscal coordination; notes that the european fiscal board could help in supporting this process;


### 13. welcomes that lessons have been learned from the rrf process by promoting more ownership of ways of putting member states in charge of designing their own national plans combining fiscal , reform and investment commitments within a common eu framework; greatly regrets that , unlike the rrf , the european parliament is excluded from defining the overarching goals , guidance , criteria for the debt reduction path , investments , reforms and the underlying assumptions on which the comprehensive debt sustainability analysis is based; regrets that neither the involvement of national parliaments nor that of national stakeholders and civil society is mentioned under project design , implementation or subsequent scrutiny , which sets back ownership and democratic accountability; ### 13. notes that lessons have been learned from the rrf process by promoting more ownership; notes , however , that a one-off recovery instrument has different objectives than the regular economic governance framework and that procedures cannot simply copied and pasted from the rrf process to the economic governance framework;


### 14. recalls that the better law-making agreement reiterates that the european parliament and the council are to exercise their powers as co-legislators on an equal footing and that the commission therefore needs to treat them equally; stresses the role and responsibility of national parliaments; ### 14. recalls that the better law-making agreement reiterates that the european parliament and the council are to exercise their powers as co-legislators on an equal footing and that the commission therefore needs to treat them equally; calls for greater involvement of the european parliament in the european semester to ensure fair and equal cooperation between co-legislators; stresses the role and responsibility of national parliaments;


### 14. recalls that the better law-making agreement reiterates that the european parliament and the council are to exercise their powers as co-legislators on an equal footing and that the commission therefore needs to treat them equally; stresses the role and responsibility of national parliaments; ### 14. recalls that the better law-making agreement reiterates that the european parliament and the council are to exercise their powers as co-legislators on an equal footing and that the commission therefore needs to treat them equally , in full respect of the competences defined by the treaties; stresses the role and responsibility of national parliaments;


### 1. reiterates its call for a capital increase and stresses that the european investment bank (eib) must maintain its ‘aaa’ rating and retain the confidence of the capital markets; ### 1. reiterates its call for a capital increase to enable more long-term loans and innovative instruments to finance projects with great potential for innovation gains in european key policy areas like digitalisation and the green transformation; welcomes that the eib supported 430 000 smes with more than 16 billion euro; however calls on the eib to provide additional growth capital to enable smes to scale up their operations; stresses that the european investment bank (eib) must maintain its ‘aaa’ rating and retain the confidence of the capital markets;


### 2. welcomes the financial assistance provided to ukraine; ### 2. welcomes the financial assistance provided to ukraine , including the 1.72 billion euros of repurposed loans to ukraine in response to russia's war;


### 3. awaits the review of the climate bank roadmap ahead of cop28; expects full alignment with the 1.5 degree pathway , including the exclusion of blue hydrogen infrastructure and road and highway financing , and the requirement to conduct a solid assessment of less carbon-intensive alternatives and ‘scope 3’ emissions; ### 3. awaits the review of the climate bank roadmap ahead of cop28; expects full alignment with the 1.5 degree pathway and the requirement to conduct a solid assessment of less carbon-intensive alternatives as well as ‘scope 3’ emissions;


### 5. reiterates its call to work only with clients and financial intermediaries that have credible decarbonisation plans; opposes the exemptions granted under the paris alignment for counterparties (path) framework in support of repowereu; calls for a halt to fossil fuel financing; ### 5. welcomes the paris alignment of counterparties and expects its full implementation; reiterates its call for financial intermediaries and not only corporate clients to have decarbonisation plans as soon as possible and by the end of 2025 at the latest; stresses that such new requirements must not be to the detriment of access to finance for smes; welcomes the eib's response to the emergency energy situation in the eu by adapting the paris alignment for counterparties (path) framework in order to be able to speed up the green transition and to end europe's dependencies on fossil-fuels imports , including from russia;


### 7. is concerned that the eib has , at least once , failed to conduct a full inquiry into allegations of bribery and misuse of funds involving a financial intermediary outside the eu; calls on the eib to reopen all such cases; ### deleted


### 9. is concerned that the transparency and harm prevention of eib intermediated investments have fallen behind other public financial institutions , rating only fair on the 2022 aid transparency index3; recalls that the eib’s 2021transparency policy runs counter to the presumption of disclosure; urges the eib to swiftly implement the european ombudsman’s recommendations of 21 april 20224. ### 9. takes note that the transparency and harm prevention of eib intermediated investments were rated fair on the 2022 aid transparency index3; calls on the eib to work on the identified areas for improvement in that matter; recalls that the eib group'stransparency policy is fully based on eu legislation;


### b. whereas the eib is the lending arm of the european union and is the world’s largest multilateral lender and one of the biggest providers of climate finance; ### b. whereas the eib is the long-term lending arm of the european union and is the world’s largest multilateral lender and has an important role as a financial institution supporting the digital and green transition;


### a. whereas the first basket of new own resources is based on the eu emissions trading system , the carbon border adjustment mechanism and pillar i of the organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd); ### a. whereas the proposed first basket of new own resources is based on the eu emissions trading system , the carbon border adjustment mechanism and pillar i of the oecd/g20 inclusive framework on base erosion and profit shifting agreement;


### b. whereas the second basket of new own resources could include a financial transaction tax and a financial contribution linked to the corporate sector or a new common corporate tax base; ### b. whereas a possible second basket of new own resources may include a financial transaction tax and / or a financial contribution linked to a new common corporate tax base; whereas the commission will present it´s proposal on business in europe: framework for income taxation (befit) and such initiative must be considered in this framework;


### 1. notes that , according to the roadmap in the interinstitutional agreement of december 2020 , the commission needs to put forward a proposal for the second basket of new own resources by june 2024; ### 1. notes that , according to the roadmap in the legally-binding interinstitutional agreement of december 2020 , the commission will , based on impact assessments , propose additional new own resources by june 2024;


### 2. stresses the crucial and growing importance of the eu budget in delivering on virtually all of the eu’s key policy objectives , its flagship programmes and its crisis intervention; underlines the multiple challenges the eu is facing such as building up its strategic autonomy , ending its reliance upon russian fossil fuels , completing the health union and the energy union and financing important common projects such as defence , civil protection and space; considers that all new eu policies and challenges must involve new means and extra resources; reiterates , in this regard , that robust , reliable and resilient financing of the eu budget requires a diversified and enlarged set of own resources; is convinced that there is huge potential in a well-designed reform of the eu own resources not only for strengthening the financing of its budgetary needs , but also for boosting its policy outputs , improving the fiscal equilibrium between the eu and member states and adding value to overall public finance; ### 2. stresses the crucial and growing importance of the eu budget in delivering on virtually all of the eu’s key policy objectives , its flagship programmes and its crisis intervention; underlines the multiple challenges the eu is facing such as building up its open strategic autonomy , ending its reliance upon russian fossil fuels , completing the health union and the energy union and financing important common projects such as defence , civil protection and space; there is potential in a well-designed reform of the eu own resources not only for strengthening the financing of its budgetary needs , but also for boosting its policy outputs , improving the fiscal equilibrium between the eu and member states and adding value to overall public finance;


### 2. stresses the crucial and growing importance of the eu budget in delivering on virtually all of the eu’s key policy objectives , its flagship programmes and its crisis intervention; underlines the multiple challenges the eu is facing such as building up its strategic autonomy , ending its reliance upon russian fossil fuels , completing the health union and the energy union and financing important common projects such as defence , civil protection and space; considers that all new eu policies and challenges must involve new means and extra resources; reiterates , in this regard , that robust , reliable and resilient financing of the eu budget requires a diversified and enlarged set of own resources; is convinced that there is huge potential in a well-designed reform of the eu own resources not only for strengthening the financing of its budgetary needs , but also for boosting its policy outputs , improving the fiscal equilibrium between the eu and member states and adding value to overall public finance; ### 2. stresses the crucial and growing importance of the eu budget in delivering on virtually all of the eu’s key policy objectives , its flagship programmes and its crisis intervention; underlines the multiple challenges the eu is facing such as building up its strategic autonomy , ending its reliance upon fossil fuels especially from russia , completing the health union and the energy union and financing important common projects such as defence , civil protection and space; considers that all new eu policies and challenges must involve new means and extra resources; reiterates , in this regard , that robust , reliable and resilient financing of the eu budget requires a diversified and enlarged set of own resources; is convinced that there is huge potential in a well-designed reform of the eu own resources not only for strengthening the financing of its budgetary needs , but also for boosting its policy outputs , improving the fiscal equilibrium between the eu and member states and adding value to overall public finance as well as putting a stop to ever higher gni contributions from member states;


### 2. notes that none of the new own resources from the first basket are yet in place; ### 2. notes that none of the new own resources from the first basket are yet in place; considers this to be particularly concerning given that next generation eu was designed on the basis of the premise its financing would be done via new own resources;


### 3. underlines that new genuine own resources (also known as ‘fresh income’) are urgently needed in order to make the union budget more resilient and autonomous so as to allow the union to deliver on its policies and to ensure its standing as a credible and smart debt issuer; ### 3. underlines that new genuine own resources (also known as ‘fresh income’) are urgently needed in order to make the union budget more resilient and autonomous so as to allow the union to deliver on its policies;


### 3. is concerned that the first basket of own resources will not generate the revenues expected for several reasons; observes further that beyond the funding needed for nextgenerationeu , the union may need additional resources to assist ukraine financially and to further mitigate the impact of russia’s war against ukraine on the union; ### 3. calls on the commission to provide in due time the impact assessments announced in the interinstitutional agreement of december 2020 and inform parliament about expected revenue generation; calls on the council and the commission to make full use of all means available in the current multiannual financial framework (mff) and to reuse the entire amount decommitments to channel funds to necessary investment and help ease the supply shortages to assist ukraine financially and to further mitigate the impact of russia’s war against ukraine on the union;


### 5. calls on the commission to establish a continuous and flexible process for proposing new stable and sustainable genuine own resources; ### 5. calls on the commission to reflect on options for new stable and sustainable genuine own resources;


### 5. calls on the commission to consider , for its second basket of own resources , an eu-wide financial transaction tax based on its 2011 model , which should yield around eur 41.5 billion per year; ### 5. calls on the commission to consider eu own resources which would contribute to the eu's policy objectives and , following the subsidiarity principle , for which action on the eu-level is preferred over national measures;


### 5. calls on the commission to consider , for its second basket of own resources , an eu-wide financial transaction tax based on its 2011 model , which should yield around eur 41.5 billion per year; ### 5. calls on the commission , based on an impact assessment as announced in the legally-binding interinstitutional agreement of december 2020 , to consider , for its second basket of own resources , an eu-wide financial transaction tax aiming at finding support in council;


### 5. calls on the commission to consider , for its second basket of own resources , an eu-wide financial transaction tax based on its 2011 model , which should yield around eur 41.5 billion per year; ### 5. notes that in light of the blocking of the original ftt and the lack of progress on the file under the enhanced cooperation procedure , an eu-wide financial transaction tax does not seem to be a plausible new own resource;


### 5. calls on the commission to consider , for its second basket of own resources , an eu-wide financial transaction tax based on its 2011 model , which should yield around eur 41.5 billion per year; ### 5. calls on the commission to evaluate , for its second basket of own resources , the effects of an eu-wide financial transaction tax;


### 6. calls on the commission to come forward with an own resource linked to either the upcoming ‘business in europe: framework for income taxation’ proposal or to the proposal for a minimum tax directive1 implementing the oecd-led global tax deal , most in particular pillar ii; ### 6. calls on the commission , in light of the aforementioned subsidiarity principle , to be cautious in proposing own resources linked to (corporate) income taxation;


### 6. calls on the commission to come forward with an own resource linked to either the upcoming ‘business in europe: framework for income taxation’ proposal or to the proposal for a minimum tax directive1 implementing the oecd-led global tax deal , most in particular pillar ii; ### 6. calls on the commission to evaluate an own resource linked to the upcoming ‘business in europe: framework for income taxation’ proposal , having in regard the need for a coherent approach to the proposal for a minimum tax directive1 implementing the oecd-led global tax deal;


### 6. calls on the commission to come forward with an own resource linked to either the upcoming ‘business in europe: framework for income taxation’ proposal or to the proposal for a minimum tax directive1 implementing the oecd-led global tax deal , most in particular pillar ii; ### 6. reminds the commission of its commitment of 2020 to assess a financial contribution linked to the corporate sector or a new common corporate tax base; awaits in this regard , the commission to present its ‘business in europe: framework for income taxation’ proposal and the council to finalize the special legislative procedure on the proposal for a minimum tax directive1 implementing the oecd-led global tax deal;


### 7. considers that these new own resources are necessary to avoid the next generation of europeans paying the price for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under ngeu , either through an increased burden on taxpayers or via cuts in regular eu programmes directly affecting beneficiaries and project-holders; notes the legitimate demand by europeans for more social and tax justice; warns against any attempt to reduce funding for ordinary eu policies to make space for the repayment of eu debt , as this would endanger long-term eu goals , such as economic convergence , research and innovation or the green transition; ### deleted


### 7. considers that these new own resources are necessary to avoid the next generation of europeans paying the price for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under ngeu , either through an increased burden on taxpayers or via cuts in regular eu programmes directly affecting beneficiaries and project-holders; notes the legitimate demand by europeans for more social and tax justice; warns against any attempt to reduce funding for ordinary eu policies to make space for the repayment of eu debt , as this would endanger long-term eu goals , such as economic convergence , research and innovation or the green transition; ### 7. considers that these new own resources are necessary to avoid the next generation of europeans paying the price for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under ngeu , either through an increased burden on taxpayers or via cuts in regular eu programmes directly affecting beneficiaries and project-holders; notes the legitimate demand by europeans for more social and tax justice; reiterates its strongly-held position that the costs of euri borrowing and the repayment of debt should be placed over and above the mff ceilings and warns against any attempt to reduce funding for ordinary eu policies to make space for the repayment of eu debt , as this would endanger long-term eu goals , such as economic convergence , research and innovation or the green transition;


### 7. considers that these new own resources are necessary to avoid the next generation of europeans paying the price for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under ngeu , either through an increased burden on taxpayers or via cuts in regular eu programmes directly affecting beneficiaries and project-holders; notes the legitimate demand by europeans for more social and tax justice; warns against any attempt to reduce funding for ordinary eu policies to make space for the repayment of eu debt , as this would endanger long-term eu goals , such as economic convergence , research and innovation or the green transition; ### 7. considers that these new own resources are necessary to avoid the next generation of europeans paying the price for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under ngeu , either through an increased burden on taxpayers or via cuts in regular eu programmes directly affecting beneficiaries and project-holders; notes the legitimate demand by europeans for more social and tax justice; warns against any attempt to reduce funding for ordinary eu policies to make space for the repayment of eu debt , as this would endanger long-term eu goals , such as economic convergence , research and innovation or the green and digital transition;


### 7. invites the commission and the member states to consider additional new own resources , such as an eu-wide aviation tax for intra-european commercial flights or an own resource based on the revision of the energy taxation directive2 ; ### deleted


### 7. invites the commission and the member states to consider additional new own resources , such as an eu-wide aviation tax for intra-european commercial flights or an own resource based on the revision of the energy taxation directive2 ; ### 7. calls on the commission and the council to start an urgent revision of the mff and its annex as soon as possible and no later than the first quarter of 2023; acknowledges the important role of the existing vat-based eu budget own resource; reiterates , in this regard , its position of 7 february 2022 that tackling the vat gap and tax fraud should be an urgent priority for the union and the member states in the post-covid-19 economy; welcomes , in this regard , the european public prosecutor's office’s (eppo)major success in uncovering organised crime groups responsible for vat fraud estimated at €2.2 billion; takes note of the legislative proposals of 8 december 2022 on improving the eu's vat system;


### 8. regrets that the current way in which the eu budget is financed subjects it to national budgetary constraints , thus leading to undue downward pressure on its – already modest – overall volume and a ‘juste retour’ logic that does not reflect the solidarity principle at the core of eu integration; believes that this structure is one of the main reasons preventing the eu from fulfilling all its tasks effectively; is very concerned by the slow progress in the modernisation of the own resources system since the creation of the european communities; ### 8. regrets that the current way in which the eu budget is financed subjects it to national budgetary constraints , thus leading to a ‘juste retour’ logic that does not reflect fully the solidarity principle at the core of eu integration; believes that this structure is one of the main reasons preventing the eu from fulfilling all its tasks effectively; is very concerned by the slow progress in the modernisation of the own resources system since the creation of the european communities;


### 8. suggests assigning green and digital-related new genuine own resources to expenditures in the areas of climate protection and digital change; believes that such links would improve coherence and transparency within the eu budget; ### deleted


### 8. suggests that the commission and member states come up with new own resources similar to the non-recycled plastic contribution to fight inequality in the union to enhance the circular economy and help to catalyse the implementation of the green deal. ### deleted


### 8. suggests that the commission and member states come up with new own resources similar to the non-recycled plastic contribution to fight inequality in the union to enhance the circular economy and help to catalyse the implementation of the green deal. ### 8. calls on the commission and the council , in this regard , to accommodate the increased financing needs following an in-depth analysis of the implications of the war on existing eu policies , as well as the shift to new political priorities and emerging needs;


### 9. calls on the member states in the council to adopt , as soon as possible , the new own resources from the first package of 14 december 2021; worries , however , that the amounts generated by the new own resources will not be sufficient to cover all ngeu repayments and borrowing costs; calls , therefore , on the commission to come forward with the next batch of proposals in the third quarter of 2023 at the latest; insists that these proposals take into account the priorities of the european parliament as outlined in here; ### deleted


### 9. calls for the creation of a permanent and sustainable mechanism in order to raise eu debt for the purpose of financing union policies and programmes in areas with clear european added value , for example , the financing of a health union and/or a genuine energy union; suggests that the mechanism should ensure that the eu budget can better adapt and quickly react to specific crises and their consequences , while respecting the principle of subsidiarity; ### 9. deplores the systematic creation and use of instruments , funds and common borrowing programmes , including ngeu , outside the scope of the eu budget and with no scrutiny or control from the budgetary authority; requests that parliament be fully involved in all cases;


### 10. urges all actors to continue the efforts to identify fresh and new , preferably genuine , own resources and other revenue sources for the eu budget with the aim of fully covering the overall expected expenditure for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under the ngeu and reinforcing the eu budget where the ‘1 % of eu gdp dogma’ is to be abandoned; ### 10. urges all actors to continue the efforts to identify fresh and new , preferably genuine , own resources and other revenue sources for the eu budget with the aim of fully covering the overall expected expenditure for the repayment of the principal and the interest of the funds borrowed under the ngeu and making sure that the eu budget can properly deliver on key eu policies;


### 10. calls , correspondingly , for the treaties to be amended and the own-resources ceiling raised. ### 10. calls , correspondingly , for the treaties to be amended.


### 11. believes that the eu revenue side should be used strategically to create incentives for more social and tax justice; underlines that green own resources should be complemented by tax-based own resources from the corporate sector for reasons of sufficiency , fiscal equivalence (those who benefit from the eu and its open markets should also contribute their fair share to its financing) and overall distributional fairness among member states and sectors; ### 11. believes that the eu revenue side should be used strategically to strengthen the eu´s competitiveness and to create incentives for more innovation in europe as well as social and tax justice; underlines that green own resources should be complemented by tax-based own resources from the corporate sector for reasons of sufficiency , fiscal equivalence (those who benefit from the eu and its open markets should also contribute their fair share to its financing) and overall distributional fairness among member states and sectors , always taking into account the competiveness of european industry;


### 12. looks forward to and places high hopes , in this context , in the commission’s upcoming business in europe: framework for income taxation (befit) initiative in the third quarter of 2023; agrees that a single corporate tax rulebook for the eu , based on the key features of a common tax base and the allocation of profits between member states by using a formula or formulary apportionment , would constitute an excellent starting point for a new own resource in the spirit of the roadmap; expects the new approach to this corporate tax-based own resource to address issues of national differences in corporate taxation that have so far impeded an own resource in this realm and to allow for a broad scope capturing more companies active in the single market than only the few very biggest and most profitable multinationals that are subject to the oecd pillar one agreement; ### 12. looks forward to the commission’s upcoming business in europe: framework for income taxation (befit) initiative in the third quarter of 2023; agrees that a single corporate tax rulebook for the eu , based on the key features of a common tax base and the allocation of profits between member states by using a formula or formulary apportionment , would constitute an excellent starting point for a new own resource in the spirit of the roadmap; expects the new approach to this corporate tax-based own resource to address issues of national differences in corporate taxation that have so far impeded an own resource in this realm; reminds however that the policy goals of befit are boosting competitiveness , cutting down on red tape , reducing compliance costs but also to go against tax avoidance practices , which therefore means that befit will need a careful design including clear assessments of interactions and overlaps with current implemented or ongoing eu and global initiatives (for example pillar i and pillar ii) for it to be effective and achieve its policy goals;


### 13. acknowledges with regret that any prospects for the introduction of a financial transaction tax under enhanced cooperation have faded away in the course of recent years; insists , nevertheless , that the financial sector be encompassed by the corporate or single market-based own resource initiative , ideally within the befit context; ### 13. calls on the participating member states to reach an agreement for the introduction of a financial transaction tax under enhanced cooperation based on the existing commission proposal; recalls its report of 13 november 2020 which asked for the introduction of new own resources , among which the one with the highest potential revenue was “a financial transaction tax (ftt) , which , based on the original commission proposal from 2012 and taking into account brexit and economic growth , could raise up to eur 57 billion per year”;


### 13. acknowledges with regret that any prospects for the introduction of a financial transaction tax under enhanced cooperation have faded away in the course of recent years; insists , nevertheless , that the financial sector be encompassed by the corporate or single market-based own resource initiative , ideally within the befit context; ### 13. acknowledges that any prospects for the introduction of a financial transaction tax under enhanced cooperation have faded away in the course of recent years; proposes , nevertheless , that the financial sector be encompassed by the corporate or single market-based own resource initiative , ideally within the befit context , carefully assessing the impact of such an instrument and taking into account the competiveness of european capital markets;


### eu ‘fair border tax’ ### deleted


### 14. deplores the fact that the production chains for certain products and items entering the eu single market involve workers from third countries who do not receive a decent wage and , in some cases , live in extreme poverty; points out that importing such commodities into the eu leads to unfair competition (‘social dumping’) with goods produced in the eu where strict regulations and high standards apply; is very concerned by the inhumane living conditions of the poorest people worldwide; calls , in this regard , for the eu to live up to its promises in terms of sustainable standards and human development; ### deleted


### 15. calls , therefore , for the establishment of a ‘fair border tax’ requiring companies importing goods into the eu to pay a levy for any workers in their global supply chain who are paid a daily wage that is insufficient to allow them to escape absolute poverty , as characterised by international organisations; underlines that any company importing into the eu single market products made by workers paid less than a fixed poverty threshold would have to pay a duty amounting to the difference between this threshold and the salary their workers receive; ### deleted


### 16. considers that the eu ‘fair border tax’ would incentivise companies operating in the eu to raise salaries in their global supply chains and thus improve living conditions for workers in third countries and drive reform in countries with poor labour standards and regulations , while ensuring that european consumers do not contribute to extreme exploitation; notes that the competitiveness of companies producing in the eu could improve under this mechanism; points out that this mechanism should comply with world trade organization (wto) rules , in particular article xx(b) for the protection of human life or health; ### deleted


### 17. suggests the introduction of a european tax on crypto-assets , whose revenues would flow into the european budget as a new own resource; points out that the global market in crypto-assets has been growing rapidly (albeit unstably) since the 2008 crisis , with capitalisation reaching up to eur 2 trillion in may 2021; notes that crypto-assets are progressively considered as a genuine means of payment and part of investment strategies; underlines that regulating and taxing crypto-assets at eu level is more efficient than at national level given their high mobility and cross-border dimension; stresses , in this regard , that a european tax on crypto-assets would foster the emergence of a harmonised tax framework for crypto-assets , be more consistent with the cross-border nature of the crypto-assets market , and encourage the adoption of tax standards at the global level; ### deleted


### 18. stresses that several taxation options are conceivable for crypto-assets , such as a tax on capital gains resulting from crypto-asset activities (based on a uniform levy rate for all eu member states) , a tax on crypto-asset transactions or a tax on the mining and trading of crypto-assets determined according to their electricity consumption and environmental impact; calls on the commission to assess the impact of these options on the european crypto-asset market , to estimate potential revenues and to come forward with a concrete proposal; ### deleted


### 18. stresses that several taxation options are conceivable for crypto-assets , such as a tax on capital gains resulting from crypto-asset activities (based on a uniform levy rate for all eu member states) , a tax on crypto-asset transactions or a tax on the mining and trading of crypto-assets determined according to their electricity consumption and environmental impact; calls on the commission to assess the impact of these options on the european crypto-asset market , to estimate potential revenues and to come forward with a concrete proposal; ### 18. stresses that several taxation options are conceivable for crypto-assets , such as a tax on capital gains resulting from crypto-asset activities (based on a uniform levy rate for all eu member states) , a tax on crypto-asset transactions or a tax on the mining and trading of crypto-assets determined according to their electricity consumption and environmental impact; calls on the commission to assess the impact of these options on the european crypto-asset market , to estimate potential revenues and to come forward with a concrete proposal; recalls that crypto assets have been subject to high volatility to date and expects that structuring own resources and predicting income streams in this area may therefore be challenging;


### 19. recalls that in its position of 23 november 202215 , parliament stated that in the event of a clear lack of progress at oecd level towards the multilateral convention by the end of 2023 , a legislative proposal should be submitted for a digital levy or similar measure that can be enacted unilaterally and which can serve as a basis for an own resource of the union in order to generate revenues by 2026; welcomes the debate over the contribution of large digital operators to network costs; ### deleted


### 19. recalls that in its position of 23 november 202215 , parliament stated that in the event of a clear lack of progress at oecd level towards the multilateral convention by the end of 2023 , a legislative proposal should be submitted for a digital levy or similar measure that can be enacted unilaterally and which can serve as a basis for an own resource of the union in order to generate revenues by 2026; welcomes the debate over the contribution of large digital operators to network costs; ### 19. recalls that in its position of 23 november 202215 , parliament stated that in the event of a clear lack of progress at oecd level towards the multilateral convention by the end of 2023 , a legislative proposal should be submitted for a digital levy or similar measure that can be enacted unilaterally and which can serve as a basis for an own resource of the union in order to generate revenues by 2026; points out that the debate over the contribution of large digital content providers to network costs is still ongoing;


### 21. sees high potential added value in own resources in the form of statistics-based national contributions which provide member states with an incentive and a reward for vigorous implementation of eu-level policies; calls on the commission to assess and simulate the impact of such national contributions calculated on the basis of statistics in the social or environmental areas where robust , common harmonised eurostat data are available on an annual basis; ### deleted


### 21. sees high potential added value in own resources in the form of statistics-based national contributions which provide member states with an incentive and a reward for vigorous implementation of eu-level policies; calls on the commission to assess and simulate the impact of such national contributions calculated on the basis of statistics in the social or environmental areas where robust , common harmonised eurostat data are available on an annual basis; ### 21. is open to the discussion of own resources in the form of statistics-based national contributions which provide member states with an incentive and a reward for vigorous implementation of eu-level policies; calls on the commission to assess and simulate the impact of such national contributions calculated on the basis of statistics in the social or environmental areas where robust , common harmonised eurostat data are available on an annual basis;


### 23. calls , specifically , for the establishment of a gender pay gap-based own resource; underlines that , under this mechanism , a share of contributions based on gross national income (gni) would be replaced by a new distribution key requiring member states with a higher gender pay gap to contribute more than member states with smaller gender pay gap , in a proportionate way; ### deleted


### 23. calls , specifically , for the establishment of a gender pay gap-based own resource; underlines that , under this mechanism , a share of contributions based on gross national income (gni) would be replaced by a new distribution key requiring member states with a higher gender pay gap to contribute more than member states with smaller gender pay gap , in a proportionate way; ### 23. calls , for example , for the establishment of a gender pay gap-based own resource; underlines that , under this mechanism , a share of contributions based on gross national income (gni) could be replaced by a new distribution key requiring member states with a higher gender pay gap to contribute more than member states with smaller gender pay gap , in a proportionate way;


### 24. calls for the establishment of a biowaste-based own resource; underlines that , under this mechanism , a share of gni-based contributions would be replaced by a new distribution key requiring member states recycling less biowaste to contribute more than member states that recycle more biowaste , in a proportionate way; considers that this own resource would incentivise member states to resort less to landfills; ### 24. calls for the establishment of a biowaste-based own resource; underlines that , under this mechanism , a share of gni-based contributions would be replaced by a new distribution key requiring member states recycling less biowaste to contribute more than member states that recycle more biowaste , in a proportionate way; considers that this own resource would incentivise member states to resort less to landfills; asks the commission to assess whether an incentivizing mechanism for the recycling of hazardous waste could be implemented as well;


### 32. recognises the merits of the gni-based own resource in view of its reliable balancing function; notes the enduring predominance of the share of national contributions in the own resources system , now amounting to approximately 80 %; points out the modest share of traditional and genuine own resources , especially customs duties , which stands at around 13 % today; ### 32. recognises the merits of the gni-based own resource in view of its reliable balancing function; regrets the enduring predominance of the share of national contributions in the own resources system , now amounting to approximately 80 %; points out the modest share of traditional and genuine own resources , especially customs duties , which stands at around 13 % today;


### 4. concludes that the second basket of own resources therefore needs to be ambitious and yield sufficient revenues commensurate with the union’s needs; ### 4. urges the commission to present ambitious proposals for a second basket of new own resources by the end of 2023 without creating extra burden to the citizens and calls on member states to cooperate; considers that those additional revenues from the new own resources are necessary to cover at least the repayment of the recovery instrument costs/ the costs related to next generation eu as well as to ensure sustainable financing of the eu budget on a long-term basis;


### (2) the main motive for cross-border organised crime , including high-risk criminal networks , is financial gain. therefore , to tackle the serious threat posed by organised crime , competent authorities should be given the means to effectively trace and identify , freeze , confiscate and manage the instrumentalities and proceeds of crime and property that stems from criminal activities. ### (2) the main motive for cross-border organised crime , including high-risk criminal networks , is financial gain. in fact , organised crime has become an economic worldwide operator , with an entrepreneurial vocation and specialised in supply of goods and services , not only illegal but also legal. therefore , to tackle the serious threat posed by organised crime , competent authorities should be given the means to effectively trace and identify , freeze , confiscate and manage the instrumentalities and proceeds of crime and property that stems from criminal activities.


### (5) therefore , the existing legal framework should be updated , so as to facilitate and ensure effective asset recovery and confiscation efforts across the union. to that end , the directive should lay down minimum rules on tracing and identification , freezing , confiscation and management of property within the framework of proceedings in criminal matters. in this context , proceedings in criminal matters is an autonomous concept of union law interpreted by the court of justice of the european union , notwithstanding the case law of the european court of human rights. the term covers all types of freezing and confiscation orders issued following proceedings in relation to a criminal offence. it also covers other types of orders issued without a final conviction. proceedings in criminal matters could also encompass criminal investigations by the police and other law enforcement authorities. it is necessary to reinforce the capacity of competent authorities to deprive criminals of the proceeds from criminal activities. for this purpose , rules should be laid down to strengthen asset tracing and identification , as well as freezing capabilities , to improve management of frozen and confiscated property , to strengthen the instruments to confiscate instrumentalities and proceeds of crime and property derived from criminal activities of criminal organisations , and to improve the overall efficiency of the asset recovery system. ### (5) therefore , the existing legal framework should be updated , so as to facilitate and ensure effective asset recovery and confiscation efforts across the union , as well as to enable channelling of the net proceeds resulting from the liquidation of confiscated assets into the union budget in the forms of new own resources and , where the assets stem from the crime of russian aggression against ukraine , in the form of external assigned revenue. to that end , the directive should lay down minimum rules on tracing and identification , freezing , confiscation and management of property within the framework of proceedings in criminal matters. in this context , proceedings in criminal matters is an autonomous concept of union law interpreted by the court of justice of the european union , notwithstanding the case law of the european court of human rights. the term covers all types of freezing and confiscation orders issued following proceedings in relation to a criminal offence. it also covers other types of orders issued without a final conviction. proceedings in criminal matters could also encompass criminal investigations by the police and other law enforcement authorities. it is necessary to reinforce the capacity of competent authorities to deprive criminals of the proceeds from criminal activities. for this purpose , rules should be laid down to strengthen asset tracing and identification , as well as freezing capabilities , to improve management of frozen and confiscated property , to strengthen the instruments to confiscate instrumentalities and proceeds of crime and property derived from criminal activities of criminal organisations , and to improve the overall efficiency of the asset recovery system.


### (45) asset recovery offices should also closely cooperate with eu bodies and agencies , including europol , eurojust and the european public prosecutor’s office , in accordance with their respective mandates , insofar as it is necessary to trace and identify property within the cross-border investigations supported by europol and eurojust or within the investigations undertaken by the european public prosecutor’s office. asset recovery offices should also cooperate with europol and eurojust , in accordance with their respective mandates , insofar as it is necessary to trace and identify property to prevent , detect or investigate criminal offences related to the violation of union restrictive measures. ### (45) asset recovery offices should also closely cooperate with eu bodies and agencies , including europol , eurojust and the european public prosecutor’s office , in accordance with their respective mandates , insofar as it is necessary to trace and identify property within the cross-border investigations supported by europol and eurojust or within the investigations undertaken by the european public prosecutor’s office. asset recovery offices shall closely cooperate with the central and decentralised levels of the european public prosecutor's office (eppo) if appropriate with regard to the member states that participate in the enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the eppo. asset recovery offices shall therefore incur the reporting obligations under the eppo regulation , reporting to the eppo in the same way as they do to national competent authorities and financial intelligence units. asset recovery offices should also cooperate with eppo , europol and eurojust , in accordance with their respective mandates , insofar as it is necessary to trace and identify property to prevent , detect or investigate criminal offences related to the violation of union restrictive measures.


### 2. member states shall consider taking measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes. ### 2. where the confiscated property is derived from criminal offences committed in the framework of a criminal organisation , without prejudice to the victims' rights to compensation or restitution , member states shall take measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes.


### 2. member states shall consider taking measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes. ### 2. member states shall consider taking measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes , without prejudice to article 18 of this directive. such property may be kept as state property for justice , law enforcement , public service or economic purposes or be transferred to the local or regional authorities where the property is located , for institutional , social or economic purposes including for assignment to organisations carrying out work of social interest.


### 2. member states shall consider taking measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes. ### 2. member states shall consider taking measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes , without prejudice to article 18 of this directive. such property may be kept as state property for justice , law enforcement , public service or economic purposes or be transferred to the local or regional authorities where the property is located , for institutional , social or economic purposes including for assignement to organsations carrying out work of social interest.


### 2. member states shall consider taking measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes. ### 2. member states shall take , with the priority of full respect for the right to compensation to victims , measures allowing confiscated property to be used for public interest or social purposes.


### (10) other crimes committed within the framework of a criminal organisation play a pivotal role in generating revenues and in enabling further crimes , including serious crimes with a cross-border nature. such crimes should be included in the scope of the directive to the extent to which they are committed within the framework of a criminal organisation. the counterfeiting and piracy of products is linked to money laundering and the forgery of documents , and threatens the functioning of the single market and fair competition. the illicit trafficking in cultural goods , including antiques and works of art , is often intertwined with money laundering and constitutes an important source of financing for organised criminal groups. forgery of administrative documents and trafficking therein , including bank documents or identification documents , is a key enabling tool for money laundering , trafficking in human beings , or migrant smuggling , and should as such be covered in the scope of this directive. other crimes which are often carried out within the framework of an organised crime group include murder or grievous bodily harm , as well as the illicit trade in human organs and tissue , which are a source of revenue for organised crime groups in the context of contract killings , intimidation and trafficking in human beings. similarly kidnapping , illegal restraint or hostage taking , as well as racketeering and extortion , are utilized either as source of revenue through the collection of ransom money or as intimidation tactics against adversaries. the crime of organised or armed robbery is one of the most common forms to generate profits for organised criminal groups , and it is often committed in conjunction with other crimes , in particular the trafficking in firearms. similarly , the trafficking in stolen vehicles cannot only generate profits but also represents an enabling crime to provide for the necessary instrumentalities to carry out further offences. in addition , it is key to include tax crimes to the extent it is committed as part of a criminal organisation in the scope of the directive , as this specific crime is an enabling source of profits , especially when operating in a cross-border context. typical techniques employed to commit tax fraud or evasion consist of making use of cross-border corporate structures or similar arrangements to fraudulently obtain tax benefits and refunds , hide assets or profits , merge legal with illicit profits and assets or to transfer them to other entities abroad to disguise their origins or (beneficial) ownership. ### (10) other crimes committed within the framework of a criminal organisation play a pivotal role in generating revenues and in enabling further crimes , including serious crimes with a cross-border nature. such crimes should be included in the scope of the directive to the extent to which they are committed within the framework of a criminal organisation. the counterfeiting and piracy of products is linked to money laundering and the forgery of documents , and threatens the functioning of the single market and fair competition. the illicit trafficking in cultural goods , including antiques and works of art , is often intertwined with money laundering and constitutes an important source of financing for organised criminal groups. forgery of administrative documents and trafficking therein , including bank documents or identification documents , is a key enabling tool for money laundering , trafficking in human beings , or migrant smuggling , and should as such be covered in the scope of this directive. other crimes which are often carried out within the framework of an organised crime group include murder or grievous bodily harm , as well as the illicit trade in human organs and tissue , which are a source of revenue for organised crime groups in the context of contract killings , intimidation and trafficking in human beings. similarly kidnapping , illegal restraint or hostage taking , as well as racketeering and extortion , are utilized either as source of revenue through the collection of ransom money or as intimidation tactics against adversaries. the crime of organised or armed robbery is one of the most common forms to generate profits for organised criminal groups , and it is often committed in conjunction with other crimes , in particular the trafficking in firearms. similarly , the trafficking in stolen vehicles cannot only generate profits but also represents an enabling crime to provide for the necessary instrumentalities to carry out further offences. in addition , it is key to include tax crimes to the extent it is committed as part of a criminal organisation in the scope of the directive , as this specific crime is an enabling source of profits , especially when operating in a cross-border context. typical techniques employed to commit tax fraud or evasion consist of making use of cross-border corporate structures or similar arrangements to fraudulently obtain tax benefits and refunds , hide assets or profits , merge legal with illicit profits and assets or to transfer them to other entities abroad to disguise their origins or (beneficial) ownership. in addition , criminal organisations often resort to violence , threat or intimidation in order to acquire control or management of economic activities , concessions , authorisations , procurement and public services , or to achieve unfair profits or advantages , thereby adversely affecting freedom of competition , or to prevent or hinder the free exercise of voting or to procure votes in elections , thus affecting democratic life. such crimes should therefore also be included in the scope of the directive.


### (10) other crimes committed within the framework of a criminal organisation play a pivotal role in generating revenues and in enabling further crimes , including serious crimes with a cross-border nature. such crimes should be included in the scope of the directive to the extent to which they are committed within the framework of a criminal organisation. the counterfeiting and piracy of products is linked to money laundering and the forgery of documents , and threatens the functioning of the single market and fair competition. the illicit trafficking in cultural goods , including antiques and works of art , is often intertwined with money laundering and constitutes an important source of financing for organised criminal groups. forgery of administrative documents and trafficking therein , including bank documents or identification documents , is a key enabling tool for money laundering , trafficking in human beings , or migrant smuggling , and should as such be covered in the scope of this directive. other crimes which are often carried out within the framework of an organised crime group include murder or grievous bodily harm , as well as the illicit trade in human organs and tissue , which are a source of revenue for organised crime groups in the context of contract killings , intimidation and trafficking in human beings. similarly kidnapping , illegal restraint or hostage taking , as well as racketeering and extortion , are utilized either as source of revenue through the collection of ransom money or as intimidation tactics against adversaries. the crime of organised or armed robbery is one of the most common forms to generate profits for organised criminal groups , and it is often committed in conjunction with other crimes , in particular the trafficking in firearms. similarly , the trafficking in stolen vehicles cannot only generate profits but also represents an enabling crime to provide for the necessary instrumentalities to carry out further offences. in addition , it is key to include tax crimes to the extent it is committed as part of a criminal organisation in the scope of the directive , as this specific crime is an enabling source of profits , especially when operating in a cross-border context. typical techniques employed to commit tax fraud or evasion consist of making use of cross-border corporate structures or similar arrangements to fraudulently obtain tax benefits and refunds , hide assets or profits , merge legal with illicit profits and assets or to transfer them to other entities abroad to disguise their origins or (beneficial) ownership. ### (10) other crimes committed within the framework of a criminal organisation play a pivotal role in generating revenues and in enabling further crimes , including serious crimes with a cross-border nature. such crimes should be included in the scope of the directive to the extent to which they are committed within the framework of a criminal organisation. the counterfeiting and piracy of products is linked to money laundering and the forgery of documents , and threatens the functioning of the single market and fair competition. the illicit trafficking in cultural goods , including antiques and works of art , is often intertwined with money laundering and constitutes an important source of financing for organised criminal groups. the same applies to the illegal trade and trafficking of endangered animal and plant species , including their body parts or products derived from them. forgery of administrative documents and trafficking therein , including bank documents or identification documents , is a key enabling tool for money laundering , trafficking in human beings , or migrant smuggling , and should as such be covered in the scope of this directive. other crimes which are often carried out within the framework of an organised crime group include murder or grievous bodily harm , as well as the illicit trade in human organs and tissue , which are a source of revenue for organised crime groups in the context of contract killings , intimidation and trafficking in human beings. similarly kidnapping , illegal restraint or hostage taking , as well as racketeering and extortion , are utilized either as source of revenue through the collection of ransom money or as intimidation tactics against adversaries. the crime of organised or armed robbery is one of the most common forms to generate profits for organised criminal groups , and it is often committed in conjunction with other crimes , in particular the trafficking in firearms. similarly , the trafficking in stolen vehicles cannot only generate profits but also represents an enabling crime to provide for the necessary instrumentalities to carry out further offences. in addition , it is key to include tax crimes to the extent it is committed as part of a criminal organisation in the scope of the directive , as this specific crime is an enabling source of profits , especially when operating in a cross-border context. typical techniques employed to commit tax fraud or evasion consist of making use of cross-border corporate structures or similar arrangements to fraudulently obtain tax benefits and refunds , hide assets or profits , merge legal with illicit profits and assets or to transfer them to other entities abroad to disguise their origins or (beneficial) ownership.


### (12) in order to capture property which might be transformed and transferred in order to conceal its origin , and in order to ensure harmonisation and clarity of definitions across the union , property that can be subject to freezing and confiscation should be defined broadly. it should cover legal documents or instruments evidencing title or interest in property subject to freezing and confiscation including , for example , financial instruments , or documents that may give rise to creditor claims and are normally found in the possession of the person affected by the relevant procedures , as well as trusts. this directive is without prejudice to the existing national procedures for keeping legal documents or instruments evidencing title or interest in property , as they are applied by the competent national authorities or public bodies in accordance with national law. the definition should cover all forms of property , including crypto assets. ### (12) in order to capture property which might be transformed and transferred in order to conceal its origin , and in order to ensure harmonisation and clarity of definitions across the union , property that can be subject to freezing and confiscation should be defined broadly. it should cover legal documents or instruments , in any form , including electronic or digital , evidencing title or interest in property subject to freezing and confiscation including , for example , financial instruments , or documents that may give rise to creditor claims and are normally found in the possession of the person affected by the relevant procedures , as well as trusts. this directive is without prejudice to the existing national procedures for keeping legal documents or instruments evidencing title or interest in property , as they are applied by the competent national authorities or public bodies in accordance with national law. the definition should cover all forms of property , including crypto assets.


### (17) in order to perform effective asset tracing investigations , and to swiftly respond to cross-border requests , asset recovery offices should have access to the information that allows them to establish the existence , ownership or control of property that may become object of a freezing or a confiscation order. therefore , asset recovery offices should have access to the relevant data such as fiscal data , national citizenship and population registries , commercial databases and social security information. this should include law enforcement information in so far as data such as criminal records , vehicles stops , property searches and previous legal actions such as freezing and confiscation orders or seizures of cash can be of value to identify relevant property. access to information should be subject to specific safeguards that prevent the misuse of the access rights. these safeguards should be without prejudice to article 25 of directive (eu) 2016/680 of the european parliament and of the council23 . the direct and immediate access to this information does not prevent member states from making access subject to procedural safeguards as established under national law while taking due account of the need for asset recovery offices to be able to swiftly reply to cross-border requests. the implementation of the procedural safeguards for access to databases should not affect the ability of asset recovery offices to respond to requests from other member states , especially in case of urgent requests. access to relevant databases and registries under this directive should complement access to bank account information pursuant to directive (eu) 2019/1153 of the european parliament and of the council24 and to beneficial ownership information pursuant to directive (eu) 2015/849 of the european parliament and of the council25 . ### (17) in order to perform effective asset tracing investigations , and to swiftly respond to cross-border requests , asset recovery offices should have access to the information that allows them to establish the existence , ownership or control of property that may become object of a freezing or a confiscation order. therefore , asset recovery offices should have access to the relevant data such as fiscal data , national citizenship and population registries , commercial databases and social security information. this should include law enforcement information in so far as data such as criminal records , vehicles stops , property searches and previous legal actions such as freezing and confiscation orders or seizures of cash can be of value to identify relevant property. access to information should be subject to specific safeguards that prevent the misuse of the access rights , including a court authorisation where required by national law these safeguards should be without prejudice to article 25 of directive (eu) 2016/680 of the european parliament and of the council 23 . the access without delay to this information does not prevent member states from making access subject to procedural safeguards as established under national law , such as a court authorisation , while taking due account of the need for asset recovery offices to be able to swiftly reply to cross-border requests. access to relevant databases and registries under this directive should complement access to bank account information pursuant to directive (eu) 2019/1153 of the european parliament and of the council and to beneficial ownership information pursuant to directive (eu) 2015/849 of the european parliament and of the council.


### (20) confiscation leads to the final deprivation of property. however , preservation of property can be a prerequisite to confiscation and is often essential for the effective enforcement of a confiscation order. property is preserved by means of freezing. in order to prevent the dissipation of property before a freezing order can be issued , the competent authorities in the member states , including asset recovery offices , should be empowered to take immediate action in order to secure such property. ### (20) confiscation leads to loss of private property with the immediate consequence of final deprivation of such property. however , preservation of property can be a prerequisite to confiscation and is often essential for the effective tracing of property or proceeds directly or indirectly derived from criminal activities , and for the effective enforcement of a confiscation order. property is duly preserved by means of freezing. in order to prevent the dissipation or deterioration of property before a freezing order can be issued , the competent authorities in the member states , including asset recovery offices , should be empowered to take immediate action in order to secure such property. with a view to taking those measures in a proportionate and appropriate manner and without undue delay , the competent authorities concerned should have sufficient and qualified staff and the capacity for cooperation both at national level , between the relevant authorities , and at a cross-border level.


### (21) given the limitation on the right to property imposed by freezing orders , such provisional measures should not be maintained longer than necessary to preserve the availability of the property with a view to possible subsequent confiscation. this may require a review by the national court in order to ensure that the purpose of preventing the dissipation of property remains valid. ### (21) given the limitation on the right to property imposed by freezing orders , such provisional measures should ensure full respect for the principle of proportionality and should not be maintained longer than necessary to preserve the availability of the property with a view to possible subsequent confiscation. confiscation orders should be subject to review by the competent national authorities in order to ensure that the purpose of preventing the destruction or dissipation of property remains valid.


### (24) the practice by a suspected or accused person of transferring property or proceeds to a knowing third party with a view to avoiding confiscation is common and widespread. acquisition by a third party refers to situations where , for example , property has been acquired , directly or indirectly , for example through an intermediary , by the third party from a suspected or accused person , including when the criminal offence has been committed on their behalf or for their benefit , and when an accused person does not have property that can be confiscated. such confiscation should be possible in cases where it has been established that third parties knew or ought to have known that the purpose of the transfer or acquisition was to avoid confiscation , on the basis of concrete facts and circumstances , including that the transfer was carried out free of charge or in exchange for an amount significantly lower than the market value. the rules on third party confiscation should extend to both natural and legal persons , without prejudice to the right of third parties to be heard , including the right to claim ownership of the property concerned. in any event , the rights of bona fide third parties should not be affected. ### (24) the practice by a suspected or accused person of transferring property or proceeds to a knowing third party with a view to avoiding confiscation is common and widespread. acquisition by a third party refers to situations where , for example , property has been acquired , directly or indirectly , for example through an intermediary , by the third party from a suspected or accused person , including when the criminal offence has been committed on their behalf or for their benefit , and when an accused person does not have property that can be confiscated. such confiscation should be possible in cases where it has been established that third parties knew or ought to have known that the purpose of the transfer or acquisition was to avoid confiscation , on the basis of concrete facts and circumstances , including that the transfer was carried out free of charge or in exchange for an amount significantly lower than the market value. the rules on third party confiscation should extend to both natural and legal persons , without prejudice to the right of third parties to be heard , including the right to claim ownership of the property concerned. in any event , the rights of bona fide third parties should not be affected. however , taking into account that organised crime has over time developed considerable entrepreneurial ability , in order to launder the profits of criminal activities in the legal economy , by establishing fictitious companies and corporations , through the use of a front man , and considering the prevailing public interest in combating the criminal phenomenon compared to the need to protect legal situations of persons unrelated to the confiscation and recovery procedure , those third parties should bear the burden of proving that the transfer or acquisition has taken place in bona fide and with due diligence.


### (24) the practice by a suspected or accused person of transferring property or proceeds to a knowing third party with a view to avoiding confiscation is common and widespread. acquisition by a third party refers to situations where , for example , property has been acquired , directly or indirectly , for example through an intermediary , by the third party from a suspected or accused person , including when the criminal offence has been committed on their behalf or for their benefit , and when an accused person does not have property that can be confiscated. such confiscation should be possible in cases where it has been established that third parties knew or ought to have known that the purpose of the transfer or acquisition was to avoid confiscation , on the basis of concrete facts and circumstances , including that the transfer was carried out free of charge or in exchange for an amount significantly lower than the market value. the rules on third party confiscation should extend to both natural and legal persons , without prejudice to the right of third parties to be heard , including the right to claim ownership of the property concerned. in any event , the rights of bona fide third parties should not be affected. ### (24) the practice by a suspected or accused person of transferring property or proceeds to a knowing third party with a view to avoiding confiscation is common and widespread. acquisition by a third party refers to situations where , for example , property has been acquired , directly or indirectly , for example through an intermediary , by the third party from a suspected or accused person , including when the criminal offence has been committed on their behalf or for their benefit , and when an accused person does not have property that can be confiscated. such confiscation should be possible in cases where it has been established that third parties knew or ought to have known that the purpose of the transfer or acquisition was to avoid confiscation , on the basis of concrete facts and circumstances , including that the transfer was carried out free of charge or in exchange for an amount significantly lower than the market value. the rules on third party confiscation should extend to both natural and legal persons , without prejudice to the right of third parties to be heard , including the right to claim ownership of the property concerned. taking into account that organized crime has over time developed considerable entrepreneurial ability , in order to launder the profits of criminal activities in the real economy , by establishing fictitious companies and corporations , through the use of a front man , it follows that , in any event , the rights of bona fide third parties should not be affected. however , those third parties , considering the prevailing/overriding public interest in combating the criminal phenomenon compared to the need to protect legal situations of persons unrelated to the recovery and confiscation procedure , bear the burden of proving that the purchasing of the confiscated property has taken place in bona fide and with due diligence.


### (24) the practice by a suspected or accused person of transferring property or proceeds to a knowing third party with a view to avoiding confiscation is common and widespread. acquisition by a third party refers to situations where , for example , property has been acquired , directly or indirectly , for example through an intermediary , by the third party from a suspected or accused person , including when the criminal offence has been committed on their behalf or for their benefit , and when an accused person does not have property that can be confiscated. such confiscation should be possible in cases where it has been established that third parties knew or ought to have known that the purpose of the transfer or acquisition was to avoid confiscation , on the basis of concrete facts and circumstances , including that the transfer was carried out free of charge or in exchange for an amount significantly lower than the market value. the rules on third party confiscation should extend to both natural and legal persons , without prejudice to the right of third parties to be heard , including the right to claim ownership of the property concerned. in any event , the rights of bona fide third parties should not be affected. ### (24) the practice by a suspected or accused person of transferring property or proceeds to a knowing third party with a view to avoiding confiscation is common and widespread. acquisition by a third party refers to situations where , for example , property has been acquired , directly or indirectly , for example through an intermediary , by the third party from a suspected or accused person , including when the criminal offence has been committed on their behalf or for their benefit , and when an accused person does not have property that can be confiscated. such confiscation should be possible in cases where it has been established that third parties knew or ought to have known that the purpose of the transfer or acquisition was to avoid confiscation , on the basis of proven concrete facts and circumstances , including that the transfer was carried out free of charge or in exchange for an amount significantly lower than the market value. the rules on third party confiscation should extend to both natural and legal persons , without prejudice to the right of third parties to be heard , including the right to claim ownership of the property concerned. in any event , the rights of bona fide third parties should not be affected.


### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national law. the same should be possible where the time limits prescribed under national law have expired , where such time limits are not sufficiently long to allow for the effective investigation and prosecution of the relevant criminal offences. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected. ### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national law. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected.


### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national law. the same should be possible where the time limits prescribed under national law have expired , where such time limits are not sufficiently long to allow for the effective investigation and prosecution of the relevant criminal offences. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected. ### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national and international law. the same should be possible where the time limits prescribed under national law have expired , where such time limits are not sufficiently long to allow for the effective investigation and prosecution of the relevant criminal offences. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected.


### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national law. the same should be possible where the time limits prescribed under national law have expired , where such time limits are not sufficiently long to allow for the effective investigation and prosecution of the relevant criminal offences. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected. ### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied , based on all the evidence in the case , that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is unquestionably derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national law. the same should be possible where the time limits prescribed under national law have expired , where such time limits are not sufficiently long to allow for the effective investigation and prosecution of the relevant criminal offences , while at the same time a reasonable and proportional time limit should apply. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied , on the basis of all the evidence in the case , that all the elements of the offence are present and that the instrumentalities , proceeds or property in question are unquestionably derived from criminal activities. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should only occur in exceptional cases and should be limited to cases of serious crimes. in no circumstances should the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected.


### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness , absconding or death of the suspected or accused person , or because the suspected or accused person cannot be held liable because of immunity or amnesty as provided for under national law. the same should be possible where the time limits prescribed under national law have expired , where such time limits are not sufficiently long to allow for the effective investigation and prosecution of the relevant criminal offences. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected. ### (26) confiscation should also be possible where a court is satisfied that the instrumentalities , proceeds , or property in question is derived from criminal conduct but where a final conviction is not possible because of illness or absconding of the suspected or accused person. confiscation in such cases should only be allowed where the national court is satisfied that all the elements of the offence are present. for reasons of proportionality , confiscating property without a prior conviction should be limited to cases of serious crimes. the right of the defendant to be made aware of the proceeding and to be represented by a lawyer should not be affected. the burden of proof should be on the prosecution.