### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding the mechanisms underlying disease and toxicity and improving diagnosis and understanding of biomarkers and modes of action ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods relevant to an understanding of health and human diseases to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; design of environments to aid recovery and rehabilitation ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health , cohort and administrative data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; broadening understanding of demographic change to inform policy development ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies offering larger scale , lower cost , environmentally safe technologies with higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies offering larger scale , lower cost , environmentally safe technologies with higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments . activities shall also focus on research and development of renewable energy storage technologies .


### a single , smart european electricity grid ### a single , smart european electricity grid which enables renewable energy sources to be fully integrated into the energy mix


### the specific objective is to make the transition to a reliable , sustainable and competitive energy system , in the face of increasingly scarce resources , increasing energy needs and climate change . ### the specific objective is to make the transition to a reliable , affordable , sustainable and competitive energy system , in the face of increasingly scarce resources , increasing energy needs and climate change .


### the union intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 , with a further reduction to 80 - 95 % by 2050 . in addition , renewables should cover 20 % of final energy consumption in 2020 coupled with a 20 % energy efficiency target . achieving these objectives will require an overhaul of the energy system combining low carbon profile , energy security and affordability , while at the same time reinforcing europe ' s economic competitiveness . europe is currently far from this overall goal . 80 % of the european energy system still relies on fossil fuels , and the sector produces 80 % of all the union ' s greenhouse gas emissions . every year 2 . 5 % of the union ' s gross domestic product is spent on energy imports and this is likely to increase . this trend would lead to total dependence on oil and gas imports by 2050 . faced with volatile energy prices on the world market , coupled with concerns over security of supply , european industries and consumers are spending an increasing share of their income on energy . ### the union intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 . in addition , renewables should cover 20 % of final energy consumption in 2020 coupled with a 20 % energy efficiency target . achieving these objectives will require an overhaul of the energy system combining low carbon profile , energy security and affordability , while at the same time reinforcing europe ' s economic competitiveness . the system needs to be overhauled in this way because , faced with volatile energy prices on the world market , an increased tax burden on energy sources and the high cost of adapting to the union’s environmental and climate - change legislation , european industries and consumers are spending an increasing share of their income on energy .


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can help take up the energy challenges relating in particular to the integration of renewable energies and can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems .


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and secure and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services , including electricity storage technologies . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient and secure energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency and security management systems .


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out at affordable prices of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems .


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve the reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems .


### speeding up this development will require a strategic approach at union level , spanning energy supply , demand and use in buildings , services , transport and industrial value chains . this will entail aligning resources across the union , including cohesion policy funds , in particular through the national and regional strategies for smart specialisation , emission trading schemes , public procurement and other financing mechanisms . it will also require regulatory and deployment policies for renewables and energy efficiency , tailored technical assistance and capacity - building to remove non - technological barriers . ### speeding up this development will require a strategic approach at union level , spanning energy supply , demand and use in buildings , services , transport and industrial value chains . this will entail aligning resources across the union , including cohesion policy funds , in particular through the national and regional strategies for smart specialisation , emission trading schemes , public procurement and other financing mechanisms . it will also require regulatory and deployment policies for renewables , energy efficiency and security , tailored technical assistance and capacity - building to remove non - technological barriers .


### implementation of the set - plan as the research and innovation pillar of european energy policy will reinforce the union ' s security of supply and the transition to a low - carbon economy , help to link research and innovation programmes with trans - european and regional investments in energy infrastructure and increase the willingness of investors to release capital for projects with long lead - times and significant technology and market risks . it will create opportunities for innovation for small and large companies and help them become or remain competitive at world level , where opportunities for energy technologies are large and increasing . ### implementation of the set - plan as the research and innovation pillar of european energy policy will reinforce the union ' s security of supply and the transition to a low - emission economy , help to link research and innovation programmes with trans - european and regional investments in energy infrastructure and increase the willingness of investors to release capital for projects with long lead - times and significant technology and market risks . it will create opportunities for innovation for small and large companies and help them become or remain competitive at world level , where opportunities for energy technologies are large and increasing .


### reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint by smart and sustainable use ### reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint by smart , sustainable and secure use


### activities shall focus on research and full - scale testing of new concepts , non - technological solutions , more efficient , socially acceptable and affordable technology components and systems with in - built intelligence , to allow real - time energy management for near - zero - emission buildings , renewable heating and cooling , highly efficient industries and mass take - up of energy efficiency solutions by companies , individuals , communities and cities . ### activities shall focus on research and full - scale testing of new concepts , non - technological solutions , more efficient , socially acceptable and affordable technology components and control systems with in - built intelligence , to allow optimising real - time energy management for near - zero - emission buildings , renewable heating and cooling , balance between efficiency and low quality , highly efficient industries and mass take - up of energy efficiency solutions by companies , individuals , communities and cities adopting co - generation technologies , microgrid technologies and sustainable vehicles among other solutions .


### low - cost , low - carbon electricity supply ### low - cost , low - emission electricity supply


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies offering larger scale , lower cost , environmentally safe technologies with higher conversion efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration - of innovative renewables and carbon capture and storage technologies offering larger scale , lower cost , environmentally safe technologies with higher conversion and storage efficiency and higher availability for different market and operating environments .


### a single , smart european electricity grid ### a single , flexible , reliable and smart european energy grid


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including flexible energy storage systems along the whole electricity chain from power generation , transmission , distributions to the end - user systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable and flexible networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions .


### activities shall focus on the development of tools , methods and models for a robust and transparent policy support , including activities on public acceptance and engagement , user involvement and sustainability . ### activities shall focus on the development of tools , methods and models and forward - looking scenarios for a robust and transparent policy support , including activities on public acceptance and engagement , user involvement , environmental impact assessment and sustainability .


### the eit will address these issues by promoting structural changes in the european innovation landscape . it will do so by fostering the integration of higher education , research and innovation of the highest standards , thereby creating new environments conducive to innovation , and by promoting and supporting a new generation of entrepreneurial people . in doing so , the eit will contribute fully to the objectives of europe 2020 and notably the innovation union and youth on the move flagship initiatives . ### the eit will address these issues by promoting structural changes in the european innovation landscape . it will do so by fostering the integration of higher education , research and innovation of the highest standards , thereby spreading the co - location centres of the kics throughout european regions and so creating new environments conducive to innovation , as well as by promoting and supporting a new generation of entrepreneurial people . in doing so , the eit will contribute fully to the objectives of europe 2020 and notably the innovation union and youth on the move flagship initiatives


### the specific objective is to integrate the knowledge triangle of research , innovation and education and thus to reinforce the union ' s innovation capacity and address societal challenges . ### the specific objective is to integrate the knowledge triangle of research , innovation and education and thus to reinforce the union ' s innovation capacity and address in particular societal challenges .


### europe is facing a number of structural weaknesses when it comes to innovation capacity and the ability to deliver new services , products and processes . among the main issues at hand are europe ' s relatively poor record in talent attraction and retention ; the underutilisation of existing research strengths in terms of creating economic or social value ; low levels of entrepreneurial activity ; a scale of resources in poles of excellence which is insufficient to compete globally ; and an excessive number of barriers to collaboration within the knowledge triangle of higher education , research and business on a european level . ### europe is facing a number of structural weaknesses when it comes to innovation capacity and the ability to deliver new services , products and processes . among the main issues at hand are : europe ' s relatively poor record in talent attraction and retention ; the depletion of the technical and scientific skills that have historically characterised various regions ; the underutilisation of existing research strengths in terms of creating economic or social value ; low levels of entrepreneurial activity ; a scale of resources in poles of excellence which is insufficient to compete globally ; and an excessive number of barriers to collaboration within the knowledge triangle of higher education , research and business on a european level .


### the specific feature of the eit is to integrate education and entrepreneurship with research and innovation as links in a single innovation chain across the union and beyond . ### the specific feature of the eit is to integrate higher education and entrepreneurship with research and innovation as links in a single innovation chain across the union and beyond .


### the eit , via its kics , operates in line with business logic . strong leadership is a pre - requisite : each kic is driven by a ceo . kic partners are represented by single legal entities to allow more streamlined decision - making . kics must produce annual business plans , including an ambitious portfolio of activities from education to business creation , with clear targets and deliverables , looking for both market and societal impact . the current rules concerning participation , evaluation and monitoring of kics allow fast - track , business - like decisions . ### the eit , via its kics , operates in line with business logic and is results - oriented . strong leadership is a pre - requisite : each kic is driven by a ceo . kic partners are represented by single legal entities to allow more streamlined decision - making . kics must produce annual business plans , including an ambitious portfolio of activities from education to business creation , with clear targets and deliverables , looking for both market and societal impact . the current rules concerning participation , evaluation and monitoring of kics allow fast - track , business - like decisions .


### the eit kics are highly integrated ventures , bringing together partners from industry , higher education , research and technology institutes , renowned for their excellence . kics allow world - class partners to unite in new , cross - border configurations , optimise existing resources and open up access to new business opportunities via new value chains , addressing higher - risk , larger - scale challenges . ### the eit kics are highly integrated ventures , bringing together partners from industry , higher education , research and technology institutes , renowned for their excellence . kics allow world - class partners to unite in new , long - term , cross - border configurations , optimise existing resources and open up access to new business opportunities via new value chains , addressing higher - risk , larger - scale challenges .


### the eit kics are highly integrated ventures , bringing together partners from industry , higher education , research and technology institutes , renowned for their excellence . kics allow world - class partners to unite in new , cross - border configurations , optimise existing resources and open up access to new business opportunities via new value chains , addressing higher - risk , larger - scale challenges . ### the eit kics are highly integrated ventures , bringing together partners from industry , including sme , higher education , research and technology institutes , renowned for their excellence . kics allow world - class partners to unite in new , cross - border configurations , optimise existing resources and open up access to new business opportunities via new value chains , addressing higher - risk , larger - scale challenges .


### talent is a key ingredient of innovation . the eit nurtures people and interactions between them , by putting students , researchers and entrepreneurs at the centre of its innovation model . the eit will provide an entrepreneurial and creative culture and cross - disciplinary education to talented people , via eit - labelled masters and phd degrees , intended to emerge as an internationally recognised brand of excellence . in doing so , the eit strongly promotes mobility within the knowledge triangle . ### talent is a key ingredient of innovation . the eit nurtures people and interactions between them , by putting students , researchers and entrepreneurs at the centre of its innovation model . the eit will provide an entrepreneurial and creative culture and cross - disciplinary education to talented people , via eit - labelled masters and phd degrees , as well as executive education summer and distant courses , intended to emerge as a globally recognised brand of excellence . in doing so , the eit strongly promotes mobility within the knowledge triangle .


### the eit shall operate mainly , but not exclusively , via the knowledge and innovation communities in areas of societal challenges that are of utmost relevance to europe ' s common future . while the kics have a large degree of autonomy in defining their own strategies and activities , there are a number of innovative features common to all kics . the eit will moreover enhance its impact by making the experiences from the kics available across the union and by actively fostering a new culture of knowledge sharing . ### the eit shall operate mainly , but not exclusively , via the knowledge and innovation communities in areas of societal challenges that are of utmost relevance to europe ' s common future . while the kics have a large degree of autonomy in defining their own strategies and activities , there are a number of innovative features common to all kics where coordination and synergies shall be sought . the eit will moreover enhance its impact by making the experiences from the kics available across the union , by disseminating good practices on how to integrate the knowledge triangle and the development of entrepreneurship , promoting the inclusion of additional partners and by actively fostering a new culture of knowledge sharing .


### the eit shall operate mainly , but not exclusively , via the knowledge and innovation communities in areas of societal challenges that are of utmost relevance to europe ' s common future . while the kics have a large degree of autonomy in defining their own strategies and activities , there are a number of innovative features common to all kics . the eit will moreover enhance its impact by making the experiences from the kics available across the union and by actively fostering a new culture of knowledge sharing . ### the eit shall operate mainly via the knowledge and innovation communities in areas which offers true innovation potential . while the kics have a large degree of autonomy in defining their own strategies and activities , there are a number of innovative features common to all kics . the eit will moreover enhance its impact by making the experiences from the kics available across the union and by actively fostering a new culture of knowledge sharing .


### the eit shall operate mainly , but not exclusively , via the knowledge and innovation communities in areas of societal challenges that are of utmost relevance to europe ' s common future . while the kics have a large degree of autonomy in defining their own strategies and activities , there are a number of innovative features common to all kics . the eit will moreover enhance its impact by making the experiences from the kics available across the union and by actively fostering a new culture of knowledge sharing . ### the eit shall operate mainly , but not exclusively , via the knowledge and innovation communities particularly in areas of societal challenges that are of utmost relevance to europe ' s common future . while the kics have a large degree of autonomy in defining their own strategies and activities , there are a number of innovative features common to all kics . the eit will moreover enhance its impact by making the experiences from the kics available across the union and by actively fostering a new culture of knowledge sharing .


### the eit shall aim to unleash the innovative potential of people and capitalise on their ideas , irrespective of their place in the innovation chain . thereby , the eit will also help to address the ‘ european paradox’ that excellent existing research is far from being harnessed to the full . in doing so , the eit shall help to bring ideas to the market . chiefly via its kics and its focus on fostering entrepreneurial mindsets , it will create new business opportunities in the form of both start - ups and spin - offs but also within existing industry . ### the eit shall aim to unleash the innovative potential of people and capitalise on their ideas , irrespective of their place in the innovation chain . thereby , the eit will also help to address the ‘ european paradox’ that excellent existing research is far from being harnessed to the full . in doing so , the eit shall help to bring ideas to the market . the eit must ensure open access to all high quality european research communities . chiefly via its kics and its focus on fostering entrepreneurial mindsets , it will create new business opportunities in the form of both start - ups and spin - offs but also within existing industry .


### the eit shall aim to unleash the innovative potential of people and capitalise on their ideas , irrespective of their place in the innovation chain . thereby , the eit will also help to address the ‘ european paradox’ that excellent existing research is far from being harnessed to the full . in doing so , the eit shall help to bring ideas to the market . chiefly via its kics and its focus on fostering entrepreneurial mindsets , it will create new business opportunities in the form of both start - ups and spin - offs but also within existing industry . ### the eit shall aim to unleash the innovative potential of people and capitalise on their ideas , irrespective of their place in the innovation chain . thereby , the eit will also help to address the ‘ european paradox’ that excellent existing research is far from being harnessed to the full . in doing so , the eit shall help to bring ideas from the lab to the market . chiefly via its kics and its focus on fostering entrepreneurial mindsets , it will create new business opportunities in the form of both start - ups and spin - offs but also within existing industry .


### the eit ' s strategy and activities shall be driven by a focus on societal challenges that are of utmost relevance to the future , such as climate change or sustainable energy . by addressing key societal challenges in a comprehensive way , the eit will promote inter - and multi - disciplinary approaches and help focus the research efforts of the partners in the kics . ### the eit ' s strategy and activities shall be driven by a focus on areas which offer a true innovation potential and has a clear relevance to the societal challenges addressed in horizon2020 . by addressing key societal challenges in a comprehensive way , the eit will promote inter - and multi - disciplinary approaches and help focus the research efforts of the partners in the kics .


### the eit shall fully integrate education and training at all stages of careers and develop new and innovative curricula to reflect the need for new profiles engendered by complex societal and economic challenges . to this end , the eit will play a key role in encouraging recognition of new degrees and diplomas in member states . ### the eit shall fully integrate education and training at all stages of careers and develop new and innovative curricula to reflect the need for new profiles engendered by the way in which society , the economy and the labour market are constantly changing . to this end , the eit will play a key role in encouraging recognition of new degrees and diplomas in member states .


### the eit shall fully integrate education and training at all stages of careers and develop new and innovative curricula to reflect the need for new profiles engendered by complex societal and economic challenges . to this end , the eit will play a key role in encouraging recognition of new degrees and diplomas in member states . ### the eit shall fully integrate education and training at all stages of careers and develop new and innovative curricula to reflect the need for new profiles engendered by complex societal and economic challenges . to this end , the eit will play a key role in encouraging recognition of new degrees and diplomas in member states under a strong eit label of excellence .


### via the kics and their co - location centres – nodes of excellence , brining together higher education , research and business partners in a given geographical location – the eit will also be linked to regional policy . in particular , it shall ensure a better connection between higher education institutions and regional innovation and growth , in the context of regional and national smart specialisation strategies . in doing so , it will contribute to the objectives of the union ' s cohesion policy . ### via the kics and their co - location centres – nodes of excellence , brining together higher education , research and business partners in a given geographical location – the eit will also be linked to regional policy . in particular , it shall ensure a better connection between higher education institutions and regional innovation and growth , in the context of regional and / or national smart specialisation strategies . in doing so , it will contribute to the objectives of the union ' s cohesion policy .


### development of talented , skilled and entrepreneurial people with the aid of education and training ### development of talented , skilled and entrepreneurial people with the aid of high - level and targeted education and training


### the specific objective is to maintain and build global leadership in enabling technologies and space research and innovation , which underpin competitiveness across a range of existing and emerging industries and sectors . ### the specific objective is to maintain and build global leadership in enabling technologies and space research and innovation , which underpin competitiveness across a range of existing and emerging industries and sectors , including leadership through health research funding to advance human - relevant research such as – omics , computational , and other innovative , non - animal tools and technologies to further define human disease pathways as a basis for drug development and safety testing .


### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies . ### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , advanced materials , advanced manufacturing systems and eco - innovation . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies .


### the global business environment is changing rapidly and the europe 2020 goals for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth present challenges and opportunities to european industry . europe needs to accelerate innovation , transforming the knowledge generated to underpin and enhance existing products , services and markets ; and to create new ones . innovation should be exploited in the widest sense , going beyond technology to include business , organisational and social aspects . ### the global business environment is changing rapidly and the europe 2020 goals for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth present challenges and opportunities to european industry . europe needs to accelerate innovation , transforming the knowledge generated to underpin and enhance existing products , services and markets ; and to create new ones . innovation should be exploited in the widest sense , going beyond technology to include business , organisational , social and security aspects .


### to stay at the forefront of global competition with a strong technological base and industrial capabilities , increased strategic investments in research , development , validation and piloting are required in information and communication technologies ; nanotechnologies ; advanced materials ; biotechnology ; advanced manufacturing and processing ; and space . ### to stay at the forefront of global competition with a strong technological base and industrial capabilities , increased strategic investments in research , development , validation and piloting are required in information and communication technologies ; nanotechnologies ; advanced materials ; biotechnology ; watertechnologies ; advanced manufacturing and processing ; and space .


### the integration of enabling technologies in solutions for the societal challenges shall be supported together with the relevant challenges . applications of enabling technologies that do not fall under the societal challenges , but are important for reinforcing the competitiveness of european industry , shall be supported under ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ . ### the integration of enabling technologies in solutions for the societal challenges shall be supported together with the relevant challenges . applications of enabling technologies that do not fall under the societal challenges , but are important for reinforcing the competitiveness of european industry , shall be supported under ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ . in order to apply key enabling and information and communication technologies efficiently in the societal challenges priority a coordination mechanism must be established .


### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies . ### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , quantum technology , biotechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies .


### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies . ### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , watertechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies .


### a major component of ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies . ### a major component of ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' are key enabling technologies , defined as micro - and nanoelectronics , photonics , nanotechnology , biotechnology , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing systems . these multi - disciplinary , knowledge and capital - intensive technologies cut across many diverse sectors providing the basis for significant competitive advantage for european industry . an integrated approach , promoting the combination , convergence and cross - fertilisation effect of kets in different innovation cycles and value chains can deliver promising research results and open the way to new industrial technologies , products , services and novel applications . the numerous interactions of kets and enabling technologies will therefore be exploited in a flexible manner , as an important source of innovation . this will complement support for research and innovation in kets that may be provided by national or regional authorities under the cohesion policy funds within the framework of smart specialisation strategies .


### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation . ### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , for example in highly competitive business sectors such as telecommunications , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in all those sectors of the space industry which address the challenges faced by eu societies and / or generate a large number of highly skilled jobs located in europe . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information also represent an important source of growth and job creation .


### europe can achieve critical mass through partnering , clusters and networks , standardisation , promoting cooperation between different scientific and technological disciplines and sectors with similar research and development needs , leading to breakthroughs , new technologies and innovative solutions . ### europe can achieve critical mass through partnering , clusters and networks , standardisation , promoting cooperation between different scientific and technological disciplines and sectors with similar research and development needs , leading to breakthroughs , new technologies and innovative solutions . collaborative projects are a main target for funding in this area .


### council position taking into account the specific characteristics of urban , suburban and regional regular services , member states should be granted the right to exempt these types of transport from the application of a significant part of this regulation . in order to identify urban , suburban and regional regular services , member states should take into account criteria such as distance , frequency of services , number of scheduled stops , type of buses or coaches employed , ticketing schemes , fluctuations in passenger numbers between services in peak and off - peak periods , bus codes and timetables . ### taking into account the specific characteristics of urban and suburban regular services , member states should be granted the right to exempt these types of transport from the application of part of this regulation . in order to identify urban and suburban regular services , member states should take into account criteria such as the administrative division , geographical situation , distance , frequency of services , number of scheduled stops , type of buses or coaches employed , ticketing schemes , fluctuations in passenger numbers between services in peak and off - peak periods , bus codes and timetables .


### council position passengers and , as a minimum , persons whom the passenger had , or would have had , a legal duty to maintain should enjoy adequate protection in the event of accidents arising out of the use of the bus or coach , taking into account directive 2009 / 103 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 16 september 2009 relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles and the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability . ### passengers should enjoy liability rules comparable to those applicable to other modes of transport in the event of accidents resulting in death or injury .


### council position in choosing the national law applicable to compensation for death or personal injury as well as for loss of or damage to luggage due to accidents arising out of the use of the bus or coach , regulation no 864 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 july 2007 on the law applicable to non - contractual obligations and regulation no 593 / 2008 of the european parliament and of the council of 17 june 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations should be taken into account . ### carriers should be liable for loss or damage of passengers ' luggage on terms comparable to those applicable to other modes of transport .


### council position passengers should , in addition to compensation in accordance with applicable national law in the event of death or personal injury or loss of or damage to luggage due to accidents arising out of the use of the bus or coach , be entitled to assistance with regard to their immediate practical needs following an accident . such assistance could include first aid , accommodation , food , clothes and transport . ### passengers should , in addition to compensation in accordance with applicable national law in the event of death or personal injury or loss of or damage to luggage due to accidents arising out of the use of the bus or coach , be entitled to assistance with regard to their immediate practical and economic needs following an accident . such assistance should include , where necessary , first aid , accommodation , food , clothes , transport and funeral expenses . in the event of the death or personal injury , the carrier shall in addition make advance payments to cover immediate economic needs on a basis proportional to the damage suffered , provided that there is prima facie evidence of causality attributable to the carrier .


### in deciding on the design of new terminals , and as part of major refurbishments , terminal managing bodies should , where possible , take into account the needs of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility . in any case , terminal managing bodies should designate points where such persons can notify their arrival and need for assistance . ### in deciding on the design of new terminals , and as part of major refurbishments , terminal managing bodies should – without exception – take into account the needs of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility , in accordance with ‘ design for all’ requirements . in any case , terminal managing bodies should designate points where such persons can notify their arrival and need for assistance .


### council position in deciding on the design of new terminals , and as part of major refurbishments , terminal managing bodies should , where possible , take into account the needs of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility . in any case , terminal managing bodies should designate points where such persons can notify their arrival and need for assistance . ### in deciding on the design of new terminals , and as part of major refurbishments , terminal managing bodies should , without exception , take into account the needs of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility . in any case , terminal managing bodies should designate points where such persons can notify their arrival and need for assistance .


### council position ### similarly , carriers should take those needs into account when deciding on the design of new and newly refurbished vehicles .


### council position ### member states should improve existing infrastructure , where this is necessary to enable carriers to ensure access for disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility as well as to provide appropriate assistance .


### council position ### member states should promote the use of public transport and introduce interoperable , intermodal information systems allowing for timetable information and pricing with the issuing of multimodal tickets in order to optimise the use and interoperability of the various transport modes .


### council position ### article 7a damages in the event of the death of a passenger , the damages in respect of the liability provided for in article 6 shall comprise : any necessary costs following the passenger ' s death , in particular the cost of transporting the body and the funeral expenses ; if the death does not occur at once , the damages provided for in paragraph 2 2 . in the event of personal injury or any other physical or mental harm to a passenger , the damages shall comprise : any necessary costs , in particular those for treatment and for transport ; compensation for financial loss , due to total or partial incapacity to work , or to increased needs . 3 . if , through the death of the passenger , a person whom the passenger had , or would have had , a legal duty to maintain is deprived of support , such persons shall also be compensated for that loss .


### council position ### article 8a liability for lost and damaged luggage carriers shall be liable for the loss of or damage to luggage placed under their responsibility . the maximum compensation shall amount to eur 1 800 per passenger . 2 . in the event of accidents arising out of the operation of bus and coach transport services , carriers shall be liable for loss of or damage to the personal effects which passengers had on them or with them as hand luggage . the maximum compensation shall amount to eur 1 300 per passenger . a carrier shall not be held liable for loss or damage pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 : if the loss or damage has been caused by circumstances not connected with the operation of bus and coach transport services and which the carrier could not have avoided , in spite of having taken the care required in the particular circumstances of the case , and the consequences of which it was unable to prevent ; to the extent that the loss or damage is the fault of the passenger or caused by his negligence .


### council position ### upon request the carriers shall immediately make available copies of the international , community or national laws establishing the safety requirements , on which non - discriminatory access rules are based . these must be provided in accessible formats .


### council position ### where the bus or coach becomes inoperable , passengers shall be offered transport from the location of the inoperable vehicle to a suitable waiting point or terminal from where continuation of the journey becomes possible .


### council position ### article 22a additional measures in favour of passengers carriers shall cooperate in order to adopt arrangements at national or european level with the involvement of stakeholders , professional associations and associations of customers , passengers and disabled persons . these measures shall be aimed at improving care for passengers , especially in the event of long delays and interruption or cancellation of travel with a particular focus on passengers with special needs due to disability , reduced mobility , illness , elderly age , pregnancy and including accompanying passengers and passengers travelling with young children .


### council position ### - move to toilet facilities , if there are personnel other than the driver on board


### rights of bus and coach passengers should include the receipt of information regarding the service before and during the journey . all essential information provided to bus and coach passengers should also be provided in alternative formats accessible to disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility . ### rights of bus and coach passengers should include the receipt of information regarding the service before and during the journey . all essential information provided to bus and coach passengers should also be provided in alternative formats accessible to disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility , such as large print , plain language , braille , electronic communications that can be accessed with adaptive technology , and audio tapes .


### inconvenience experienced by passengers due to cancellation or long delay of their journey should be reduced . to this end , passengers departing from terminals should be adequately looked after and informed . passengers should also be able to cancel their journey and have their tickets reimbursed or to continue their journey or to obtain re - routing under satisfactory conditions . ### inconvenience experienced by passengers due to cancellation or significant delay of their journey should be reduced . to this end , passengers departing from terminals should be adequately looked after and informed in a way which is accessible to everyone . passengers should also be able to cancel their journey and have their tickets reimbursed or to continue their journey or to obtain re - routing under satisfactory conditions .


### council position inconvenience experienced by passengers due to cancellation or long delay of their journey should be reduced . to this end , passengers departing from terminals should be adequately looked after and informed . passengers should also be able to cancel their journey and have their tickets reimbursed or to continue their journey or to obtain re - routing under satisfactory conditions . ### inconvenience experienced by passengers due to cancellation or long delay of their journey should be reduced . to this end , passengers departing from terminals should be adequately looked after and informed . passengers should also be able to cancel their journey and have their tickets reimbursed or to continue their journey or to obtain re - routing under satisfactory conditions . if carriers fail to provide passengers with the necessary assistance , passengers should have a right to obtain financial compensation .


### council position 2 . in addition , with the exception of chapters iii to vi , this regulation shall apply to passengers travelling with occasional services where the initial boarding point or the final alighting point of the passenger is situated in the territory of a member state . ### in addition , with the exception of articles 9 to 16 and 18 of chapter iii and chapters iv to vi , this regulation shall apply to passengers travelling with occasional services where the initial boarding point or the final alighting point of the passenger is situated in the territory of a member state .


### council position 4 . with the exception of articles 4 , 9 and 10 , member states may exempt urban , suburban and regional regular services , including cross - border services of that type , from the application of this regulation ### with the exception of articles 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 17 , 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 and 27 member states may exempt urban and suburban regular services , including cross - border services of that type , from the application of this regulation


### council position 7 . member states shall inform the commission of exemptions of different types of services granted pursuant to paragraphs 4 , 5 and 6 . the commission shall take appropriate action if such an exemption is deemed not to be in accordance with the provisions of this article . by … , the commission shall submit to the european parliament and the council a report on exemptions granted pursuant to paragraphs 4 , 5 and 6 . ### member states shall inform the commission of exemptions of different types of services granted pursuant to paragraph 4 before the date of application of this regulation . the commission shall take appropriate action if such an exemption is deemed not to be in accordance with the provisions of this article . by … , the commission shall submit to the european parliament and the council a report on exemptions granted pursuant to paragraph 4 .


### council position 8 . nothing in this regulation shall be understood as constituting technical requirements imposing obligations on carriers or terminal managing bodies to modify or replace buses or coaches or infrastructure or equipment at bus stops and terminals . ### nothing in this regulation shall be understood as conflicting with existing legislation on technical requirements for buses or coaches or infrastructure or equipment at bus stops and terminals .


### ' carrier ' means a natural or legal person , other than a tour operator or ticket vendor , offering transport by regular or occasional services to the general public ; ### ' carrier ' means a natural or legal person , other than a tour operator , travel agent or ticket vendor , offering transport by regular or occasional services to the general public .


### council position death or personal injury to passengers and loss of or damage to luggage passengers shall , in accordance with applicable national law , be entitled to compensation for death or personal injury as well as to loss of or damage to luggage due to accidents arising out of the use of the bus or coach . in case of death of a passenger , this right shall as a minimum apply to persons whom the passenger had , or would have had , a legal duty to&#160 ; maintain . 2 . the amount of compensation shall be calculated in accordance with applicable national law . any maximum limit provided by national law to the compensation for death and personal injury or loss of or damage to luggage shall on each distinct occasion not be less than : eur 220 000 per passenger ; with regard to urban , suburban and regional regular or occasional services eur 500 per item of luggage and with regard to all other regular or occasional services eur 1 200 per item of luggage . in the event of damage to wheelchairs , other mobility equipment or assistive devices the amount of compensation shall always be equal to the cost of replacement or repair of the equipment lost or damaged . ### liability for death and injury of passengers in accordance with this chapter , carriers shall be liable for the loss or damage resulting from the death of , or personal injury to , passengers , caused by accidents arising out of the operation of bus and coach transport services and occurring while the passenger is in , entering or leaving the vehicle . 2 . the non - contracutal liability of carriers for damages shall not be subject to any financial limit , be it defined by law , convention or contract . 3 . for any claim up to the amount of eur 220 000 per passenger , a carrier shall not exclude or limit its liability by proving that it has taken the care required pursuant to paragraph 4 , unless the total amount of the resulting claim exceeds the amount for which compulsory insurance is , in conformity with second council directive 84 / 5 / eec of 30 december 1983 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles required under the national legislation of the member state in which the bus or coach is normally based . in such a situation , liability shall be limited to that amount . 4 . a carrier shall not be liable pursuant to paragraph 1 : if the accident has been caused by circumstances not connected with the operation of bus and coach transport services or which the carrier could not have avoided , in spite of having taken the care required in the particular circumstances of the case , or the consequences of which it was unable to prevent ; to the extent that the accident is the fault of the passenger or caused by his negligence . nothing in this regulation shall : imply that a carrier is the sole party liable to pay damages ; or restrict any rights of a carrier to seek redress from any other party in accordance with the applicable law of a member state .


### immediate practical needs of passengers in the event of an accident arising out of the use of the bus or coach , the carrier shall provide reasonable assistance with regard to the passengers ' immediate practical needs following the accident . any assistance shall not constitute recognition of liability . ### immediate practical and economic needs of passengers in the event of an accident arising out of the use of the bus or coach , the carrier shall provide assistance with regard to the passengers ' immediate practical needs following the accident . such assistance shall include , where necessary , first aid , accommodation , food , clothes , transport and funeral expenses and any other financial assistance important for each day life needs . in the event of death or personal injury , the carrier shall in addition make advance payments to cover immediate economic needs on a basis proportional to the damage suffered , provided that there is prima facie evidence of causality attributable to the carrier . any payments made or assistance provided shall not constitute recognition of liability .


### council position immediate practical needs of passengers in the event of an accident arising out of the use of the bus or coach , the carrier shall provide reasonable assistance with regard to the passengers ' immediate practical needs following the accident . any assistance shall not constitute recognition of liability . ### immediate practical and economic needs of passengers in the event of an accident arising out of the use of the bus or coach , the carrier shall provide assistance with regard to the passengers ' immediate practical needs following the accident . such assistance shall include , where necessary , first aid , accommodation , food , clothes , transport and funeral expenses . in the event of death or personal injury , the carrier shall in addition make advance payments to cover immediate economic needs on a basis proportional to the damage suffered , provided that there is prima facie evidence of causality attributable to the carrier . any payments made , or assistance provided shall not constitute recognition of liability .


### council position 4 . under the same conditions set out in paragraph 1 , a carrier , travel agent or tour operator may require that a disabled person or person with reduced mobility be accompanied by another person who is capable of providing the assistance required by the disabled person or person with reduced mobility , if this is strictly necessary . such an accompanying person shall be transported free of charge and , where feasible , seated next to the disabled person or person with reduced mobility . ### if a carrier , travel agent or tour operator refuses to accept a reservation from , to issue or otherwise provide a ticket to or to take on board a person on the grounds of disability or of reduced mobility for the reasons set out in paragraph 1 or if the crew of the vehicle concerned consists only of one person who drives the vehicle and who is not in a position to provide the disabled person or the person with reduced mobility with all the assistance as specified in annex i b , a disabled person or person with reduced mobility may request to be accompanied by another person who is capable of providing the assistance required by the disabled person or person with reduced mobility . such an accompanying person shall be transported free of charge and , where feasible , seated next to the disabled person or person with reduced mobility .


### council position 2 . the access conditions provided for in paragraph 1 shall be made publicly available by carriers and terminal managing bodies physically or on the internet in the same languages as those in which information is generally made available to all passengers . ### the access conditions provided for in paragraph 1 shall be made publicly available by carriers and terminal managing bodies in accessible formats , and in the same languages as those in which information is generally made available to all passengers . when providing this information particular attention shall be paid to the needs of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility .


### council position subject to the access conditions provided for in article 11 , carriers and terminal managing bodies shall , within their respective areas of competence , at terminals designated by member states , provide assistance free of charge to disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility as specified in part&#160 ; of annex i . ### carriers and terminal managing bodies shall , within their respective areas of competence , at terminals designated by member states , provide assistance free of charge to disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility , at least to the extent specified in part of annex i .


### council position 2 . subject to the access conditions provided for in article 11 , carriers shall , on board buses and coaches , provide assistance free of charge to disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility as specified in part of annex i . ### carriers shall , on board buses and coaches , provide assistance free of charge to disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility at least to the extent specified in part of annex i .


### council position the person ' s need for such assistance is notified to carriers , terminal managing bodies , travel agents or tour operators at the latest two working days before the assistance is needed ; and ### the person ' s need for such assistance is notified to carriers , terminal managing bodies , travel agents or tour operators at the latest 24 hours before the assistance is needed ; and


### at the time stipulated in advance by the carrier which shall be no more than 60 minutes before the published departure time ; or ### at the time stipulated in advance by the carrier which shall be no more than 60 minutes before the published departure time unless a shorter period is agreed between the carrier and the passenger who is properly informed about the change ; or


### council position at the time stipulated in advance by the carrier which shall be no more than 60 minutes before the published departure time ; or ### at the time stipulated in advance by the carrier which shall be no more than 60 minutes before the published departure time unless a shorter period is agreed between the carrier and the passenger ; or


### council position carriers and terminal managing bodies shall be liable where they have caused loss of or damage to wheelchairs , other mobility equipment or assistive devices , resulting from the provision of assistance . the loss or damage shall be compensated by the carrier or terminal managing body liable for that loss or damage . ### carriers and terminal managing bodies shall be liable where they have caused loss of or damage to wheelchairs , other mobility equipment or assistive devices . the loss or damage shall be compensated by the carrier or terminal managing body liable for that loss or damage .


### council position continuation or re - routing to the final destination , under comparable conditions , as set out in the transport contract , at the earliest opportunity ; ### continuation or re - routing to the final destination , at no additional cost and under comparable conditions as set out in the transport contract , at the earliest opportunity ;


### council position assistance to find a hotel room or other accommodation as well as assistance to arrange transport between the terminal and the place of accommodation in cases where a stay of one or more nights becomes necessary . ### a hotel room or other accommodation as well as assistance to arrange transport between the terminal and the place of accommodation in cases where a stay of one or more nights becomes necessary .


### council position carriers and terminal managing bodies shall , within their respective areas of competence , provide passengers with adequate information throughout their travel . where feasible this information shall be provided in accessible formats upon request . ### carriers and terminal managing bodies shall , within their respective areas of competence , provide passengers with adequate information throughout their travel in accessible formats and according to a conceptual model for public transport data and systems .


### council position carriers and terminal managing bodies shall , within their respective areas of competence , ensure that passengers are provided with appropriate and comprehensible information regarding their rights under this regulation at the latest on departure . the information shall be provided at terminals and where applicable , on the internet . at the request of a disabled person or person with reduced mobility the information shall be provided in an accessible format . this information shall include contact details of the enforcement body or bodies designated by the member state pursuant to article 27 . ### carriers and terminal managing bodies shall , within their respective areas of competence , ensure that passengers are provided with appropriate and comprehensible information regarding their rights under this regulation at the latest on departure . the information shall be provided in accessible formats at terminals and where applicable , on the internet . this information shall include contact details of the enforcement body or bodies designated by the member state pursuant to article 27 .


### council position carriers shall set up or have in place a complaint handling mechanism for the rights and obligations set out in articles 4 , 8 and 9 to 24 . ### carriers shall set up or have in place a complaint handling mechanism for the rights and obligations set out in this regulation .


### council position if a passenger covered by this regulation wants to make a complaint to the carrier with regard to articles 4 , 8 and 9 to 24 , he shall submit it within three months from the date on which the regular service was performed or when a regular service should have been performed . within one month of receiving the complaint , the carrier shall give notice to the passenger that his complaint has been substantiated , rejected or is still being considered . the time taken to provide the final reply shall not be longer than three months from the receipt of the complaint . ### if a passenger covered by this regulation wants to make a complaint to the carrier , he shall submit it within three months from the date on which the regular service was performed or when a regular service should have been performed . within one month of receiving the complaint , the carrier shall give notice to the passenger that his complaint has been substantiated , rejected or is still being considered . the time taken to provide the final reply shall not be longer than two months from the receipt of the complaint .


### each member state shall designate a new or existing body or bodies responsible for the enforcement of this regulation as regards regular services from points situated on its territory and regular services from a third country to such points . each body shall take the measures necessary to ensure compliance with this regulation . each body shall , in its organization , funding decisions , legal structure and decision - making , be independent of carriers , tour operators and terminal managing bodies . ### each member state shall designate an existing body or bodies , or , if there is no existing body , a new body responsible for the enforcement of this regulation . each body shall take the measures necessary to ensure compliance with this regulation . each body shall , in its organization , funding decisions , legal structure and decision - making , be independent of carriers , tour operators and terminal managing bodies .


### council position each member state shall designate a new or existing body or bodies responsible for the enforcement of this regulation as regards regular services from points situated on its territory and regular services from a third country to such points . each body shall take the measures necessary to ensure compliance with this regulation . ### each member state shall designate a new or existing body or bodies responsible for the enforcement of this regulation . each body shall take the measures necessary to ensure compliance with this regulation .


### council position 3 . any passenger may submit a complaint , in accordance with national law , to the appropriate body designated under paragraph 1 , or to any other appropriate body designated by a member state , about an alleged infringement of this regulation . a member state may decide : that the passenger as a first step shall submit a complaint with regard to articles 4 , 8 and 9 to 24 to the carrier ; and / or b ) that the national enforcement body or any other appropriate body designated by the member state shall act as an appeal body for complaints not resolved under article 26 . ### any passenger may submit a complaint to the appropriate body designated under paragraph 1 , or to any other appropriate body designated by a member state , about an alleged infringement of this regulation . a member state may decide that the passenger as a first step shall submit a complaint to the carrier in which case the national enforcement body or any other appropriate body designated by the member state shall act as an appeal body for complaints not resolved under article 26


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to articles 2 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 10a , 13 , 15 and and 19 of this regulation and articles 4 of annex iv and 2 , 3 and of annex vii to this regulation shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to articles 2 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 10a , 13 , 15 and and 19 of this regulation and articles 4 of annex iv and 2 , 3 and of annex vii to this regulation shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to articles 3 , 5 , 12 , 13 , 16 and 28 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to articles 3 , 5 , 12 , 13 , 16 and 28 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### in the first sentence of paragraph 3 , the words ' article 13 ' are replaced by the words ' articles 12 , 13 and 16 ' ; ### in article 25 , paragraph 3 is replaced by the following : ' 3 . where the opinion of the committee is to be obtained by written procedure , that procedure shall be terminated without result when , within the time - limit for delivery of the opinion , the chair of the committee so decides or a majority of committee members so request . '


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 4 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 4 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 3 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 3 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to articles 5 , 6 and 12 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to articles 5 , 6 and 12 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 7 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 7 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 5 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . ### a delegated act adopted pursuant to article 5 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the european parliament or the council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by 4 months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council .


### in article 11 , paragraph 2 is replaced by the following : 2 . the commission shall periodically report to the european parliament and council on the volumes exported under tiered prices , including on the volumes exported within the framework of a partnership agreement agreed between the manufacturer and the government of a country of destination . the report shall examine the scope of countries and diseases and general criteria for the implementation of article 3 . ### article 11 is amended as follows : paragraph 2 is replaced by the following : ' 2 . the commission shall biannually report to the european parliament and council on the volumes exported under tiered prices , including on the volumes exported within the framework of a partnership agreement agreed between the manufacturer and the government of a country of destination . the report shall examine the scope of countries and diseases and general criteria for the implementation of article 3 . '


### regulation no 261 / 2004 also applies to passengers that have booked their air transport as part of a package travel . however , it should be clarified that passengers may not cumulate corresponding rights , in particular under both this regulation and council directive 90 / 314 / eec of 13 june 1990 on package travel , package holidays and package tours . the passengers should be able to choose under which law they introduce their claims , but should not have the right to cumulate compensation for the same problem under both legal acts . passengers should not be concerned about how air carriers and tour operators allocate such claims between them . ### regulation no 261 / 2004 also applies to passengers that have booked their air transport as part of a package travel . however , it should be clarified that passengers may not cumulate corresponding rights , in particular under both this regulation and council directive 90 / 314 / eec of 13 june 1990 on package travel , package holidays and package tours , even if in principle they are entitled to assert those rights either separately or simultaneously . the passengers should be able to choose under which law they introduce their claims , but should not have the right to cumulate compensation for the same problem under both legal acts . passengers should not be concerned about how air carriers and tour operators allocate such claims between them .


### airports and airport users such as air carriers and ground handling companies should cooperate to minimise the impact of multiple flight disruptions on passengers by ensuring their care and rerouting . to this end , they should prepare contingency plans for such occurrences and work together in the development of such plans . ### airports and airport users such as air carriers , ground handling companies and air traffic control services should cooperate to minimise the impact of multiple flight disruptions on passengers by ensuring their care and rerouting . to this end they should prepare contingency plans for such occurrences and work together with european , national , regional and local authorities in the development of such plans . existing contingency plans should , if necessary , be adapted accordingly .


### passengers should not only be correctly informed about their rights in cases of flight disruption , but they should also be adequately informed about the cause of the disruption itself , as soon as the information becomes available . this information should also be provided where the passenger has acquired the ticket through an intermediary established in the union . ### passengers should not only be correctly informed about their rights in cases of a delayed flight , flight cancellation , flight disruption or change of schedule , but they should also be adequately informed about the reasons for it , as soon as the information becomes available . they should have a legal entitlement to this , enforceable by means of penalties . this entitlement should also exist where the passenger has acquired the ticket through an intermediary established in the union .


### given the short deadlines for the submission of complaints for lost , damaged or delayed baggage , air carriers should give passengers the possibility to submit a complaint by providing a complaint form at the airport . this could also take the form of the common property irregularity report . ### given the short deadlines for the submission of complaints for lost , damaged or delayed baggage , air carriers should give passengers the possibility to submit a complaint by providing a complaint form in all eu official languages at the airport . this could also take the form of the common property irregularity report .


### it is necessary that the monetary limits expressed in regulation no 2027 / 97 should be amended in order to take into account economic developments , as reviewed by the international civil aviation organization in 2009 pursuant to article 24 of the montreal convention . ### it is necessary that the monetary limits expressed in regulation no 2027 / 97 should be amended by means of implementing acts in order to take into account economic developments .


### ' «organiser» means a person within the meaning of article 2 of council directive 90 / 314 / eec of 13 june 1990 on package travel , package holidays and package tours ; ### ' «organiser» means the person who , not only occasionally , organises package travel and sells it , or offers it for sale , directly or through an intermediary ;


### ' «person with reduced mobility» means any person as defined in article 2 of regulation no 1107 / 2006 concerning the rights of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility when travelling by air . ' ### ' disabled person ' or ' person with reduced mobility ' means any person whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to any physical disability , intellectual disability or impairment , or any other cause of disability , or as a result of age , and whose condition calls for appropriate attention and adaptation to his or her particular needs of the service made available to all passengers . '


### «tarmac delay» means , at departure , the time the aircraft remains on the ground between the start of boarding of the passengers and the take - off time of the aircraft or , at arrival , the time between the touch - down of the aircraft and the start of disembarkation of the passengers ; ### «tarmac delay» means , at departure , the time the aircraft remains on the ground between the end of boarding of the passengers and the take - off time of the aircraft or , at arrival , the time between the touch - down of the aircraft and the start of disembarkation of the passengers ;


### have a confirmed reservation on the flight concerned and , except in the case of cancellation referred to in article 5 and in the case of change of schedule referred to in article 6 , present themselves for boarding , ### have a confirmed reservation on the flight concerned and , except in the case of cancellation referred to in article 5 and in the case of change of schedule referred to in article 6 , have presented themselves for boarding and , in token thereof , been issued with the ticket ,


### as stipulated and at the time indicated in advance and in writing by the air carrier , the organiser or an authorised travel agent , ### does not affect the english version .


### ' 6 . this regulation shall also apply to passengers transported according to package travel contracts but shall not affect the rights of passengers under council directive 90 / 314 / eec . the passenger shall be entitled to present claims under this regulation and under council directive 90 / 314 / eec , but may not in relation to the same facts cumulate rights under both legal acts if the rights safeguard the same interest or have the same objective . this regulation shall not apply in cases where a package tour is cancelled or delayed for reasons other than cancellation or delay of the flight . ' ### ' 6 . this regulation shall also apply to passengers transported according to package travel contracts but shall not affect the rights of passengers under council directive 90 / 314 / eec . the passenger shall be entitled to present claims under this regulation and under council directive 90 / 314 / eec separately or simultaneously , but may not in relation to the same facts cumulate rights under both legal acts if the rights safeguard the same interest or have the same objective . this regulation shall not apply in cases where a package tour is cancelled or delayed for reasons other than cancellation or delay of the flight . ’