### today’s distribution network for medicinal products is increasingly complex and involves many players which are not necessarily wholesale distributors as defined in directive 2001 / 83 / ec . in order to ensure reliability in the distribution chain , pharmaceutical legislation should address all actors in the distribution chain : this includes not only distributors who procure , hold , store and supply products , but also persons who are involved in transactions without handling the products . they should be submitted to proportionate rules in order to exclude , by all practical means , the possibility that medicinal products which are falsified in relation to their identity , history or source to enter the legal supply chain in the community . ### today’s distribution network for medicinal products is increasingly complex and involves many players which are not necessarily wholesale distributors as defined in directive 2001 / 83 / ec . in order to ensure reliability in the distribution chain , pharmaceutical legislation should address all actors in the distribution chain : this includes not only distributors who procure , hold , store and supply products , but also persons who are involved in transactions without handling the products . all actors should be subject to proportionate rules in order to exclude , by all practical means , the possibility that medicinal products which are falsified in relation to their identity , history or source might enter the legal supply chain in the community .


### in order to take account of new risk profiles , while at the same time ensuring the functioning of the internal market for medicinal products , safety features designed to ensure the identification , authentication and traceability of prescription medicinal products should be established at community level . when introducing obligatory safety features for prescription medicinal products , due account should be taken of the particularities of certain products or categories of products , such as generic medicines . this includes the risk of falsifications in view of their price and past incidences in the community and abroad , as well as the consequences of falsifications for public health in view of the specific characteristics of the products concerned or of the severity of the conditions intended to be treated . ### in order to take account of new risk profiles , while at the same time ensuring the functioning of the internal market for medicinal products , safety features designed to ensure the identification , authentication and traceability of prescription medicinal products should be established at community level . when introducing obligatory safety features for prescription medicinal products , due account should be taken of the particularities of certain products or categories of products , such as generic medicines . this includes the risk of falsifications in view of their price and past incidences in the community and abroad , as well as the consequences of falsifications for public health in view of the specific characteristics of the products concerned or of the severity of the conditions intended to be treated . safety features should be grouped in categories based on equivalence and , in general , manufacturing authorization holders should adopt a specific feature or features to use within a particular category . safety features should be considered equivalent when they ensure the same level of protection in terms of ascertaining authenticity , absence of tampering and , where relevant , identification , and present the same level of technical difficulty of duplication .


### in order to take account of new risk profiles , while at the same time ensuring the functioning of the internal market for medicinal products , safety features designed to ensure the identification , authentication and traceability of prescription medicinal products should be established at community level . when introducing obligatory safety features for prescription medicinal products , due account should be taken of the particularities of certain products or categories of products , such as generic medicines . this includes the risk of falsifications in view of their price and past incidences in the community and abroad , as well as the consequences of falsifications for public health in view of the specific characteristics of the products concerned or of the severity of the conditions intended to be treated . ### in order to take account of new risk profiles , while at the same time ensuring the functioning of the internal market for medicinal products , safety features designed to ensure the identification , authentication and traceability of medicinal products should be established at community level . when introducing obligatory safety features for medicinal products , due account should be taken of the particularities of certain products or categories of products , such as generic medicines . this includes the risk of falsifications in view of their price and past incidences in the community and abroad , as well as the consequences of falsifications for public health in view of the specific characteristics of the products concerned or of the severity of the conditions intended to be treated .


### . ### experience shows that , when medicinal products are purchased on the internet , the consumer cannot always verify the authenticity of the source . moreover , further evaluation is required as far as possible dangers of ' over - the - counter ' medicinal products are concerned . for this reason , the commission should report every two years to the european parliament and to the council on the impact of the measures provided for by this directive and the need for further harmonisation , focusing in particular on the question whether otcs should be included in the scope of this directive .


### . ### - 1 ) in article 1 , the following point 5a is inserted after point 5 : ' 5a . falsified medicinal product : any medicinal product that has been deliberately falsified in relation to its : identity , including its packaging , labelling , name and composition in terms of both ingredients , including excipients and active ingredients , and the dosage thereof ; source , including the manufacturer , the country of manufacture , the country of origin and the marketing authorisation holder ; history , including the registers and documents enabling the distribution chain to be identified . the commission shall be empowered to update this definition on the basis of technical and scientific progress and international agreements . '


### if the outcome of the inspection as referred to in paragraph 1 is that the person does not comply with the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practices or good distribution practices as provided for by community legislation , the information shall be entered in the community database referred to in paragraph 6 . ### if the outcome of the inspection as referred to in paragraph 1 is that the person does not comply with the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practices or good distribution practices as provided for by community legislation , the information shall be entered in the community database referred to in paragraph 6 . such information shall specify the principles , guidelines and rules not complied with . cases where falsified medicines have been discovered on the union market shall also be reported to this database .


### the member states shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented . the penalties provided for must be effective , proportionate and dissuasive . the member states shall notify those provisions to the commission by [ insert concrete date 18 months after publication ] at the latest and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them . ### without prejudice to the principle of subsidiarity , member states shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of provisions of this directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented . the penalties provided for , which may be of criminal nature , shall be effective , proportionate and dissuasive , and shall cover , inter alia , the following forms of behaviour : manufacturing falsified medicinal products , active substances , excipients , parts , materials and accessories ; supplying or offering to supply , including brokering , trafficking , keeping in stock , importing and exporting falsified medicinal products , active substances , excipients , parts , materials and accessories ; making false documents or tampering with documents ; aiding and abetting any of the above - mentioned infringements ; attempting to commit any of the above - mentioned infringements . the member states shall notify those provisions to the commission by [ 18 months after the publication ] at the latest and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them .


### the safety features referred to in point of article 54 shall not be partly or fully removed or covered - up , unless the following conditions are fulfilled : ### the safety features referred to in point of article 54 shall not be partly or fully removed or covered - up , unless the identification , authenticity and traceability of the medicinal products are guaranteed and the following conditions are fulfilled :


### the number of incidences of falsifications in third countries and within the community ; ### the number of incidences of falsifications , particularly within the union ;


### the european statistical system , as a partnership , has in general successfully consolidated its activities to ensure the development , production and dissemination of high - quality european statistics , including by improving the governance of the system . ### the european statistical system , as a partnership , has in general successfully consolidated its activities to ensure the development , production and dissemination of high - quality , regulated and reliable european statistics , including by improving the governance of the system .


### the commission suggested action to address these weaknesses in its communication of 15 april 2011 to the european parliament and the council ‘ towards robust quality management for european statistics’ . in particular , it suggested a targeted amendment of regulation no 223 / 2009 of the european parliament and the council of 11 march 2009 on european statistics . ### the commission suggested action to address these weaknesses and to strengthen the governance of the ess in its communication of 15 april 2011 to the european parliament and the council ‘ towards robust quality management for european statistics’ . in particular , it suggested a targeted amendment of regulation no 223 / 2009 of the european parliament and the council of 11 march 2009 on european statistics .


### those aspects should not remain limited to the statistics produced for the purposes of the fiscal - surveillance system and the excessive - deficit procedure but should apply to all european statistics developed , produced and disseminated by the ess . ### those aspects should not remain limited to the statistics produced for the purposes of the fiscal - surveillance system and the excessive - deficit procedure but should apply to all european statistics developed , produced and disseminated by the ess , including those relating to growth and employment , taking account of and assessing the added value of statistics gathered for attainment of the targets of the europe 2020 strategy .


### moreover , the adequacy of resources attributed on an annual or a multiannual basis and available to meet statistical needs is a necessary condition for the professional independence of statistical authorities . ### moreover , the adequacy of resources attributed on an annual or a multiannual basis and available to meet statistical needs is a necessary condition for the professional independence of statistical authorities and to ensure high quality statistical data .


### moreover , the adequacy of resources attributed on an annual or a multiannual basis and available to meet statistical needs is a necessary condition for the professional independence of statistical authorities . ### moreover , the adequacy of resources attributed on an annual or a multiannual basis and available to meet statistical needs is a necessary condition to ensure the professional independence of statistical authorities .


### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation . ### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation . to this end , national parliaments have a particularly important role to play regarding the legitimacy of the process and in terms of parliamentary control . .


### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation . ### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation and whose professional abilities should be assessed .


### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation . ### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened in order to safeguard their high credibility and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation .


### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation . ### to that effect , the professional independence of statistical authorities should be strengthened and minimum standards , unified at european level , should be enforced , in particular as regards the heads of national statistical institutes , to whom specific guarantees should be provided in terms of the performance of statistical tasks , organisational management and resource allocation .


### furthermore , the coordinating role already attributed to the nsis should be clarified as regards its scope , so as to achieve more efficient coordination of statistical activities at national level , including quality management . ### furthermore , the coordinating role already attributed to the nsis should be clarified as regards its scope , so as to achieve more efficient coordination of statistical activities at national level , including quality management . at the same time , it is necessary to step up coordination and cooperation national statistical institutes and eurostat and remedy any shortcomings observed in this respect .


### the confidentiality of data obtained from administrative records should be protected under the common principles and guidelines applicable to all confidential data used for the production of european statistics . quality - assessment frameworks applicable to these data should also be established . ### the confidentiality of data obtained from administrative records should be protected under the common principles and guidelines applicable to all confidential data used for the production of european statistics . quality and transparency assessment frameworks applicable to these data should also be established .


### the confidentiality of data obtained from administrative records should be protected under the common principles and guidelines applicable to all confidential data used for the production of european statistics . quality - assessment frameworks applicable to these data should also be established . ### the confidentiality of data obtained from administrative records should be protected under the common principles and guidelines applicable to all confidential data used for the production of european statistics . unified quality - assessment frameworks applicable to these data should also be established .


### the quality of european statistics could be strengthened and the confidence of users reinforced , by involving national governments in the responsibility of applying the european statistics code of practice . to this end , a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ should be established in each member state and include specific undertakings by its government to implement the code and national quality - assurance frameworks , including self - assessments and improvement actions . ### the quality of european statistics could be strengthened and the confidence of users reinforced , by involving national governments in the responsibility of applying the european statistics code of practice . to this end , a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ should be established in each member state and include specific undertakings by its government to implement the code and national high quality - assurance frameworks , including self - assessments and improvement actions with the participation and supervision of national parliaments .


### the quality of european statistics could be strengthened and the confidence of users reinforced , by involving national governments in the responsibility of applying the european statistics code of practice . to this end , a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ should be established in each member state and include specific undertakings by its government to implement the code and national quality - assurance frameworks , including self - assessments and improvement actions . ### the quality of european statistics could be strengthened and the confidence of users reinforced , by involving national governments in power at the time in the responsibility of applying the european statistics code of practice and providing the final guarantee for the accuracy of data supplied by the central statistical institute . to this end , a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ should be established in each member state and include specific undertakings by its government to implement the code and national quality - assurance frameworks , including self - assessments and improvement actions .


### the quality of european statistics could be strengthened and the confidence of users reinforced , by involving national governments in the responsibility of applying the european statistics code of practice . to this end , a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ should be established in each member state and include specific undertakings by its government to implement the code and national quality - assurance frameworks , including self - assessments and improvement actions . ### the quality of european statistics could be strengthened and the confidence of users reinforced , by involving national governments in the responsibility of rigorously applying the european statistics code of practice . to this end , a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ should be established in each member state and include specific undertakings by its government to implement the code and national quality - assurance frameworks , including self - assessments and improvement actions .


### there is a need for uniform conditions for implementing access to confidential data for scientific purposes . implementing powers should be conferred on the commission with a view to establishing the arrangements , rules and conditions governing such access at union level , in accordance with the examination procedure laid down in article 5 of regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and the council laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the member states of the commission’s exercise of implementing powers . 9 . ### there is a need for uniform conditions for implementing access to confidential data for scientific purposes without compromising transparency . implementing powers should be conferred on the commission with a view to establishing the arrangements , rules and conditions governing such access at union level , in accordance with the examination procedure laid down in article 5 of regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and the council laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the member states of the commission’s exercise of implementing powers . 9


### the coordinating responsibility of the nsi shall cover all other national authorities responsible for the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . the nsi shall , in particular , be responsible at national level for coordinating statistical programming and reporting , quality monitoring , methodology , data transmission and communication on ess statistical actions . ### the coordinating responsibility of the nsi shall cover all other national authorities responsible for the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . the nsi shall , in particular , be responsible at national level for coordinating statistical programming and reporting , quality monitoring , elucidating methodology , data transmission and communication on ess statistical actions .


### within their national statistical system , the heads of nsis shall have the sole responsibility for deciding on processes , statistical methods , standards and procedures , and on the content and timing of statistical releases and publications for all european statistics . they shall be empowered to decide on all matters regarding the internal management of the nsi . they shall coordinate the statistical activities of all national authorities that contribute to the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . when carrying out these tasks , the heads of nsis shall act in an independent manner ; they shall neither seek nor take instructions from any government or other institution , body , office or entity ; they shall refrain from any action incompatible with the performance of these tasks . ### within their national statistical system , the heads of nsis shall have the sole responsibility for coordinating processes , statistical methods , standards and procedures , and the content and timing of statistical releases and publications for all european statistics . they shall coordinate the statistical activities of all national authorities that contribute to the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . nsis shall be responsible for their internal organisation for the purposes of compliance with this regulation . when carrying out these tasks , the heads of nsis shall act in an independent manner ; they shall neither seek nor take instructions from any government or other institution , body , office or entity ; they shall refrain from any action incompatible with the performance of these tasks .


### within their national statistical system , the heads of nsis shall have the sole responsibility for deciding on processes , statistical methods , standards and procedures , and on the content and timing of statistical releases and publications for all european statistics . they shall be empowered to decide on all matters regarding the internal management of the nsi . they shall coordinate the statistical activities of all national authorities that contribute to the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . when carrying out these tasks , the heads of nsis shall act in an independent manner ; they shall neither seek nor take instructions from any government or other institution , body , office or entity ; they shall refrain from any action incompatible with the performance of these tasks . ### within their national statistical system , the heads of nsis shall have the sole responsibility for deciding on processes , statistical methods , standards and procedures , and on the content and timing of statistical releases and publications for all european statistics . they shall be empowered to decide on all matters regarding the internal management of the nsi . they shall coordinate the statistical activities of all national authorities that contribute to the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . when carrying out these tasks , the heads of nsis shall act in an independent manner ; they shall neither seek nor take instructions from any government or other institution , body , office or entity ; they shall refrain from any action incompatible with the performance of these tasks ; failure to do so will result in immediate suspension and holding those responsible personally to account .


### the heads of nsis shall be accountable for the statistical activities and budget execution of the nsi ; they shall publish an annual report and may express comments on budget allocation issues related to the statistical activities of the nsi . ### the heads of nsis shall be accountable for the statistical activities and budget execution of the nsi ; they shall publish an annual report and may express comments on budget allocation issues in national parliaments related to the statistical activities of the nsi .


### at union level , the commission shall act independently in ensuring the production of european statistics according to established rules and statistical principles . in this respect , it shall have the sole responsibility for deciding on processes , statistical methods , standards and procedures , and on the content and timing of statistical releases . ### at union level , the commission shall act independently in ensuring the production of european statistics according to established rules and statistical principles , through cooperation and coordination with national statistics institutions . in this respect , it shall have the sole responsibility for deciding on processes , statistical methods , standards and procedures , and on the content and timing of statistical releases . ’


### member states shall take all necessary measures to implement the code of practice in order to maintain confidence in their statistics . to this effect , each member state , represented by its government , shall sign and implement a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ whereby specific policy commitments are made to implement the code and to establish a national quality assurance framework , including self - assessments and improvement actions . the commitment shall be counter - signed by the commission . ### member states shall take all necessary measures to implement the code of practice in order to maintain confidence in their statistics . to this effect , each member state , represented by its government , shall sign and implement a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ whereby specific policy commitments are made to implement the code and to establish a national quality assurance framework , including self - assessments and improvement actions . the commitment shall be counter - signed by the commission . the statistical data , with particular reference to accounting and financial data , used for the purpose of implementing protocol no 12 on the excessive deficit procedure and the treaty on stability , coordination and governance in the economic and monetary union shall be certified by the european court of auditors , where appropriate on the basis of certification of national statistical data by national audit bodies .


### member states shall take all necessary measures to implement the code of practice in order to maintain confidence in their statistics . to this effect , each member state , represented by its government , shall sign and implement a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ whereby specific policy commitments are made to implement the code and to establish a national quality assurance framework , including self - assessments and improvement actions . the commitment shall be counter - signed by the commission . ### member states shall take all necessary measures to implement the code of practice in order to maintain confidence in their statistics . to this effect , each member state , represented by its government , may , after reaching agreement with the commission , sign and implement a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ whereby specific policy commitments are made to implement the code and to establish a national quality assurance framework , including self - assessments and improvement actions . the commitment shall be counter - signed by the commission .


### member states shall take all necessary measures to implement the code of practice in order to maintain confidence in their statistics . to this effect , each member state , represented by its government , shall sign and implement a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ whereby specific policy commitments are made to implement the code and to establish a national quality assurance framework , including self - assessments and improvement actions . the commitment shall be counter - signed by the commission . ### member states shall take all necessary measures to implement the code of practice in order to maintain confidence in their statistics . to this effect , each member state , represented by its government , shall sign and implement a ‘ commitment on confidence in statistics’ whereby specific policy commitments are made to implement the code and to establish a national high quality assurance framework , including self - assessments and improvement actions with the participation ad supervision of the national parliaments . the commitment shall be counter - signed by the commission .


### in order to reduce the burden on respondents , the nsis , other national authorities as referred to in article 4 and the commission shall have the right to access and use , promptly and free of charge , all administrative records and to integrate these administrative records with statistics , to the extent necessary for the development , production and dissemination of european statistics . ### in order to reduce the burden on respondents , the nsis , other national authorities as referred to in article 4 and the commission shall have the right to access and use , promptly and free of charge , all administrative records and to integrate these administrative records with statistics , but only to the extent necessary for the development , production and dissemination of european statistics .


### this regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the official journal of the european union . ### this regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the official journal of the european union . it shall be made available in consolidated form within three months of its entry into force .


### surveys show that public authorities often require contractual payment periods for commercial transactions that are significantly longer than 30 days . therefore , payment periods for procurement contracts awarded by public authorities should be as a general rule limited to a maximum of 30 days . ### experience shows that contractual payment periods for commercial transactions are often significantly longer than 30 days . therefore , payment periods in commercial transactions should be as a general rule limited to a maximum of 30 days ; in cases where longer payment periods are duly justified in accordance with the principle of necessity or with special provisions of national law and where an explicit agreement has been made between the debtor and the creditor , the payment period could be extended to a maximum of 60 days .


### ‘ public authority’ means any contracting authority , as defined by directive 2004 / 18 / ec ; ### ‘ public authority’ means any contracting authority as defined by directive 2004 / 17 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 31 march 2004 coordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water , energy , transport and postal services sectors1 and by directive 2004 / 18 / ec , regardless of the subject or value of the contract ; 1oj l 134 , 30 . 4 . 2004 , p . 1 .


### if the date or period for payment is not fixed in the contract , interest for late payment shall become payable automatically within any of the following time limits : ### if no earlier date or shorter period for payment is fixed in the contract , interest for late payment shall automatically become payable at the latest upon expiry of any of the following time limits :


### 30 days following the date of receipt by the debtor of the invoice or an equivalent request for payment ; if the debtor receives the invoice or the equivalent request for payment earlier than the goods or the services , 30 days after the receipt of the goods or services ; if a procedure of acceptance or verification , by which the conformity of the goods or services with the contract is to be ascertained , is provided for by statute or in the contract and if the debtor receives the invoice or the equivalent request for payment earlier or on the date on which such acceptance or verification takes place , 30 days after that date . ### 30 calendar days following the date of receipt by the debtor of the invoice or an equivalent request for payment ; if the debtor receives the invoice or the equivalent request for payment earlier than the goods or the services , 30 calendar days after the receipt of the goods or services ; if a procedure of acceptance or verification , by which the conformity of the goods or services with the contract is to be ascertained , is provided for by statute or in the contract and if the debtor receives the invoice or the equivalent request for payment earlier or on the date on which such acceptance or verification takes place , 30 calendar days after this latter date ;


### member states shall ensure that the period for payment fixed in the contract shall not exceed the time limits provided for in paragraph 2 , unless it is specifically agreed between the debtor and the creditor and is duly justified in the light of particular circumstances such as an objective need to schedule payment over a longer period . ### member states shall ensure that : the period for payment fixed in the contract shall not exceed the time limits provided for in paragraph 2 , unless it is duly justified in accordance with the principle of necessity or in accordance with special provisions laid down by national law and unless it is specifically agreed between the debtor and the creditor , and in any event never exceeds 60 days ; the date of receipt of the invoice is not subject to a contractual agreement between debtor and creditor . member states may , if necessary , deviate from the requirements laid down in paragraph in cases of arrangements for payment by instalments or staggered payments which have been specifically agreed between the debtor and the creditor .


### grossly unfair contractual clauses ### grossly unfair contractual clauses and commercial practices


### member states shall provide that a clause in a contract relating to the date for payment , the rate of interest for late payment or recovery costs shall either be unenforceable or shall give rise to a claim for damages if it is grossly unfair to the creditor . in determining whether a clause is grossly unfair to the creditor , all circumstances of the case shall be considered , including good commercial practice and the nature of the product or the service . account shall also be taken of whether the debtor has any objective reason to deviate from the statutory rate of interest or from article 3 , article 4 or article 5 . ### member states shall provide that a clause in a contract and / or a commercial practice relating to the date for payment , the rate of interest for late payment or recovery costs , or such a clause in informal agreements and in retrospective changes to the contract , shall either be unenforceable or shall give rise to a claim for damages if it is grossly unfair to the creditor . in determining whether a clause is grossly unfair to the creditor , all circumstances of the case shall be considered , including good commercial practice and the nature of the product or the service . account shall also be taken of whether the debtor has any objective reason to deviate from the statutory rate of interest or from article 4 or article 5 .


### activities dependent on the passing of the seasons are typically to be found in sectors such as agriculture , during the planting or harvesting period , or tourism , during the holiday period . ### activities dependent on the passing of the seasons are typically to be found in sectors such as agriculture , viticulture and horticulture , during the planting or harvesting period , or tourism , during the holiday period .


### activities dependent on the passing of the seasons are typically to be found in sectors such as agriculture , during the planting or harvesting period , or tourism , during the holiday period . ### activities dependent on the passing of the seasons are typically to be found in sectors such as agriculture and horticulture , during the planting or harvesting period , or tourism , during the holiday period . member states are free to designate other sectors which are subject to seasonality .


### in order to ensure that seasonal workers have adequate accommodation during their stay , including at a reasonable cost , provision should be made to require employers to provide the evidence of the accommodation they or third - parties provide . ### in order to ensure that seasonal workers have adequate accommodation during their stay , including at a reasonable cost , provision should be made to require employers to provide the evidence of the accommodation they provide themselves or via third parties .


### member states may verify whether the vacancy concerned could not be filled by national or eu , or by third - country nationals lawfully residing in the member state and already forming part of its labour market by virtue of eu or national law and reject the application . ### member states shall verify that the vacancy concerned cannot be filled by national or eu , or by third - country nationals lawfully residing in the member state and already forming part of its labour market by virtue of eu or national law and reject the application .


### the sia should define long - term priory fields for the european institute of innovation and technology and include an assessment of its economic impact and capacity to generate best innovation added - value . the sia should take into account the results of the monitoring and evaluation of the eit . ### the sia should define long - term priory fields for the european institute of innovation and technology promoting excellence and wide participation across the eu , and include an assessment of its economic impact and capacity to generate best innovation added - value . the sia should take into account the results of the monitoring and evaluation of the eit .


### · enhancing the impact of investments on education , research and innovation and testing new ways for innovation governance : the eit acts as a catalyst , adding value to the existing research base , by accelerating the take - up and exploitation of technologies and research outcomes . innovation activities contribute in turn to align and leverage research investments and to make education and training activities more responsive to business needs . to this end , the eit has been equipped with a substantial degree of flexibility to test out new innovation models , allowing for true differentiation in the kics ' governance and funding models and quick adaptation to better cope with emerging opportunities . ### · enhancing the impact of investments on education , research and innovation and testing new ways for innovation governance : the eit acts as a catalyst , adding value to the existing research base , by accelerating the take - up and exploitation of technologies and research outcomes and by transferring research results to all the levels of education . innovation activities contribute in turn to align and leverage research investments and to make education and training activities more responsive to business needs . to this end , the eit has been equipped with a substantial degree of flexibility to test out new innovation models , allowing for true differentiation in the kics ' governance and funding models and quick adaptation to better cope with emerging opportunities .


### · enhancing the impact of investments on education , research and innovation and testing new ways for innovation governance : the eit acts as a catalyst , adding value to the existing research base , by accelerating the take - up and exploitation of technologies and research outcomes . innovation activities contribute in turn to align and leverage research investments and to make education and training activities more responsive to business needs . to this end , the eit has been equipped with a substantial degree of flexibility to test out new innovation models , allowing for true differentiation in the kics ' governance and funding models and quick adaptation to better cope with emerging opportunities . ### · enhancing the impact of investments on education , research and innovation and testing new ways for innovation governance : the eit acts as an ' innovation catalyst ' , adding value to the existing research base , by accelerating the take - up and exploitation of technologies and research outcomes . innovation activities contribute in turn to align and leverage research investments and to make education and training activities more responsive to business needs . to this end , the eit has been equipped with a substantial degree of flexibility to test out new innovation models , allowing for true differentiation in the kics ' governance and funding models and quick adaptation to better cope with emerging opportunities .


### nurturing talent across borders and fostering entrepreneurship through knowledge triangle integration : the eit nurtures people - driven innovation and puts students , researchers , and entrepreneurs at the heart of its efforts . it provides new career paths between academia and the private sector , and innovative schemes for professional development . the eit label attached to innovative kics ' masters and phd programmes will contribute to creating an internationally recognized brand of excellence helping to attract talent from europe and abroad . entrepreneurship is fostered through a new generation of world - class students , equipped with the knowledge and attitudes to turn ideas into new business opportunities . ### nurturing talent across borders and fostering entrepreneurship through knowledge triangle integration : the eit nurtures people - driven innovation and puts students , researchers , and entrepreneurs at the heart of its efforts . it provides new career paths between academia and the private sector , and innovative schemes for professional development . the eit label attached to innovative kics ' masters and phd programmes will contribute to creating an internationally recognized brand of excellence helping to attract talent from europe and abroad , bearing in mind the distinctive features and the requirements of individual regions and facilitating the establishment and development of cultural districts in association with local industry . entrepreneurship is fostered through a new generation of world - class students , equipped with the knowledge and attitudes to turn ideas into new business opportunities .


### · nurturing talent across borders and fostering entrepreneurship through knowledge triangle integration : the eit nurtures people - driven innovation and puts students , researchers , and entrepreneurs at the heart of its efforts . it provides new career paths between academia and the private sector , and innovative schemes for professional development . the eit label attached to innovative kics ' masters and phd programmes will contribute to creating an internationally recognized brand of excellence helping to attract talent from europe and abroad . entrepreneurship is fostered through a new generation of world - class students , equipped with the knowledge and attitudes to turn ideas into new business opportunities . ### · nurturing talent across borders and fostering entrepreneurship through knowledge triangle integration : the eit nurtures people - driven innovation and puts students , researchers , and entrepreneurs at the heart of its efforts . it provides new career paths between and mobility options academia and the private sector , and innovative schemes for professional development . the eit label attached to innovative kics ' masters and phd programmes will contribute to creating an internationally recognized brand of excellence helping to attract talent from europe and abroad . entrepreneurship is fostered through a new generation of world - class students , equipped with the knowledge and attitudes to turn ideas into new business opportunities .


### · smart funding through leverage combined with a results - and business - oriented approach : the eit provides up to 25% of the kics budget and catalyzes 75% of financial resources from a wide range of public and private partners , creating a significant leverage effect by pooling large–scale investment and streamlining different sources of public and private towards jointly agreed strategies . moreover , by focussing on both market and societal impact , the eit follows a results - oriented approach . kics operate according to a business logic , on the basis of annual business plans , including an ambitious portfolio of activities from education to business creation , with clear targets , deliverables and key performance indicators against which they are measured . ### · smart funding through leverage combined with a results - and business - oriented approach : the eit provides up to 25% of the kics budget and catalyzes 75% of financial resources from a wide range of public and private partners , creating a significant leverage effect by pooling large–scale investment and streamlining different sources of public and private towards jointly agreed strategies . with the significant 1 - to - 3 leveraging effect , the total budget allocated to the eit of 3 , 64% of the total horizon 2020 budget , manages to leverage an additional more than 10% of the horizon 2020 budget , from public and private funds , towards achieving the eu ' s research and innovation agenda . moreover , by focussing on both market and societal impact , the eit follows a results - oriented approach . eit should act as an investor , following an entrepreneurial logic , and its investments should be acting as leverage for other sources of private or public funding . kics operate according to a business logic , on the basis of annual business plans , including an ambitious portfolio of activities from education to business creation , with clear targets , deliverables and key performance indicators against which they are measured .


### the eit will strongly contribute to the objectives set out in horizon 2020 , in particular by addressing societal challenges in a complementary way to other initiatives in these areas . within horizon 2020 , the eit will be part of the ' tackling societal challenges ' objective but following the approach of seamless interaction across objectives , it will also contribute to ' industrial leadership and competitive frameworks ' by stimulating results - driven research and fostering the creation of high growth innovative smes . finally , it will contribute to the creation of an ' excellent science base ' by fostering mobility across boundaries – of disciplines , sectors and countries – and by embedding entrepreneurship and a risk - taking culture in innovative post - graduates degrees . the eit will thereby significantly contribute to promoting the framework conditions that are needed to realise the innovative potential of eu research and to promote the completion of the european research area . ### the eit will strongly contribute to the objectives set out in horizon 2020 , in particular by addressing societal challenges in a complementary way to other initiatives in these areas . within horizon 2020 , the eit will be part of the ' tackling societal challenges ' objective but following the approach of seamless interaction across objectives , it will also contribute to ' industrial leadership and competitive frameworks ' by stimulating results - driven research and fostering the creation of open and inclusive innovation models among high growth innovative smes . finally , it will contribute to the creation of an ' excellent science base ' by fostering mobility across boundaries – of disciplines , sectors and countries – and by embedding entrepreneurship and a risk - taking culture in innovative post - graduates degrees . the eit will thereby significantly contribute to promoting the framework conditions that are needed to realise the innovative potential of eu research and to promote the completion of the european research area . a coordination mechanism between the eit and the other activities under horizon 2020 shall be proposed by the european commission in consultation with the eit , to be implemented by the eit .


### moreover , there are opportunities for mutually reinforcing interaction with the union ' s cohesion policy by addressing the linkages between the local and global aspects of innovation . co - location centres provide for cross - border collaboration and are well positioned to capitalise on various funding schemes from their respective regions . the co - location centres play a major role in strengthening the local - global connectivity of the kic as a whole , including through close co - operation with regional authorities , in particular those involved in designing and delivering the regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation . furthermore , linkages between kics and local cluster organisations could be strengthened to increase the involvement of smes in the activities of the kics . while opportunities for synergies differ depending on the thematic area of a kic , a number of initiatives and programmes at eu level seem particularly prone to offering benefits from cooperation and coordination . as the very concept of the eit / kics rests on adding value to existing european excellence , the kics – present and future – will by definition seek to explore these synergies to a maximum . kics will add value to initiatives that may exist in the relevant areas , including joint programming initiatives , european innovation partnerships and public private partnerships . ### moreover , there are opportunities for mutually reinforcing interaction with the union ' s cohesion policy by addressing the linkages between the local and global aspects of innovation . co - location centres provide for cross - border collaboration and are well positioned to capitalise on various funding schemes from their respective regions . the co - location centres play a major role in strengthening the local - global connectivity of the kic as a whole , including through close co - operation with regional authorities , in particular those involved in designing and delivering the regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation . regions and member states which are the site for co - location centres will have opportunities to gain positive benefits through economies of agglomeration and the reaping of positive externalities . these opportunities will be fostered if a close cooperation is established between the kic partners in the regions and the authorities and organisations involved in designing and delivering the smart specialisation strategies as described in annex iv in com 615 , 2011 / 0276 , c7 - 0335 / 11 . in contrast , regions which are excluded from these activities may experience risks of cumulative negative effects . this could reinforce existing inequalities , bringing positive benefits to regions which exhibit existing strengths in innovation capacity but adversely affecting those with existing weaknesses . these risks could be avoided through the eit fellowship scheme , and if the regions which are not a site for co - location centres adopt smart specialisation including partnership with regions hosting existing and potential co - location centres , such as regional implementation and innovation communities . furthermore , linkages between kics , smes and local cluster organisations , such the climate kic´s existing regional innovation and implementation communities , could be strengthened to increase their involvement in the activities of the kics . while opportunities for synergies differ depending on the thematic area of a kic , a number of initiatives and programmes at eu level seem particularly prone to offering benefits from cooperation and coordination . as the very concept of the eit / kics rests on adding value to existing european excellence , the kics and rics will by definition seek to explore these synergies to a maximum . kics will add value to initiatives that may exist in the relevant areas , including joint programming initiatives , european innovation partnerships and public private partnerships .


### moreover , there are opportunities for mutually reinforcing interaction with the union ' s cohesion policy by addressing the linkages between the local and global aspects of innovation . co - location centres provide for cross - border collaboration and are well positioned to capitalise on various funding schemes from their respective regions . the co - location centres play a major role in strengthening the local - global connectivity of the kic as a whole , including through close co - operation with regional authorities , in particular those involved in designing and delivering the regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation . furthermore , linkages between kics and local cluster organisations could be strengthened to increase the involvement of smes in the activities of the kics . while opportunities for synergies differ depending on the thematic area of a kic , a number of initiatives and programmes at eu level seem particularly prone to offering benefits from cooperation and coordination . as the very concept of the eit / kics rests on adding value to existing european excellence , the kics – present and future – will by definition seek to explore these synergies to a maximum . kics will add value to initiatives that may exist in the relevant areas , including joint programming initiatives , european innovation partnerships and public private partnerships . ### moreover , there are opportunities for mutually reinforcing interaction with the union ' s cohesion policy by addressing the linkages between the local and global aspects of innovation . one of the key roles of the eit kics is to support regions in ' smart specialization ' and ' stairway to excellence ' process activities that will give the opportunity to actors from all regions of europe to benefit from and participate in the eit . co - location centres provide for cross - border collaboration and are well positioned to capitalise on various funding schemes from their respective regions . the co - location centres play a major role in strengthening the local - global connectivity of the kic as a whole , including through close co - operation with regional authorities , in particular those involved in designing and delivering the regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation . furthermore , linkages between kics and local cluster organisations could be strengthened to increase the involvement of smes in the activities of the kics . the emerging concepts of regional innovation and implementation communities from the kics provide a model which can effectively contribute to connectivity and linkages to the cohesion policy and its funding instruments . while opportunities for synergies differ depending on the thematic area of a kic , a number of initiatives and programmes at eu level seem particularly prone to offering benefits from cooperation and coordination . as the very concept of the eit / kics rests on adding value to existing european excellence , the kics – present and future – will by definition seek to explore these synergies to a maximum . kics will add value to initiatives that may exist in the relevant areas , including joint programming initiatives , european innovation partnerships and public private partnerships .


### in practice , opportunities for synergies will materialise in different ways , from kic to kic and challenge to challenge . today , linkages are being developed at kic level with other initiatives , varying according to the specificities of each kic and its thematic area . ### in practice , opportunities for synergies will materialise in different ways , from kic to kic and challenge to challenge . today , linkages are being developed at kic level with other initiatives , varying according to the specificities of each kic and its thematic area . in addition , the eit should foster synergies and interaction of the kics across the pillars in horizon 2020 and with other initiatives , while taking due note of the risk of overlaps .


### the ' eit investor ' approach stands for a focus on identifying best strategic opportunities and selecting a portfolio of world - class partnerships – the kics – to deliver on these . as part of this approach , the eit awards the annual grants to the kics based on their past performance and proposed activities in their business plan . the assessment of the business plans will be supported by external , independent experts . in this perspective , the eit should not only set out broad directions and visions , but needs to provide kics with an appropriate level of support and monitor their performance . at the same time , kics are given a substantial degree of leeway to define their internal strategies and organisation as well as to deliver their activities and mobilise the talent and resources needed . ### the ' eit investor ' approach stands for a focus on identifying best strategic opportunities and selecting a portfolio of world - class partnerships – the kics – to deliver on these . as part of this approach , the eit awards the annual grants to the kics based on their past performance and proposed activities in their business plan in a clear and transparent procedure . the assessment of the business plans will be supported by external , independent experts . in this perspective , the eit should not only set out broad directions and visions , but needs to provide kics with an appropriate level of support and monitor and report about their performance without being excessively detailed and without causing any additional administrative burdens . at the same time , kics are given a substantial degree of leeway to define their internal strategies and organisation as well as to deliver their activities and mobilise the talent and resources needed .


### returns on eit investment in kics will be measured in terms of tangible benefits for the european economy and society at large , such as creation of new business , products and services in existing and future markets , better skilled entrepreneurial people , new and more attractive job opportunities and the attraction and retention of talent from across the eu and abroad . ### returns on eit investment in kics will be measured in terms of tangible benefits for the european economy and society at large , such as creation of new business , products and services in existing and future markets , better skilled entrepreneurial people , new and more attractive job opportunities , as well as by drawing on the strengths of local communities that are already symbols of excellence , and the attraction and retention of talent from across the eu and abroad .


### an important element in this regard is also the development , together with the kics , of a true eit ‘ corporate identity’ around a set of shared values . while all kics and their individual partners do have their own corporate identities and values , they all share values that bring the eit / kics community together . they are : excellence across the knowledge triangle ; skilled and entrepreneurial people ; long - term collaboration across borders , disciplines and sectors ; and the focus on societal and economic impact . such an identity will also enhance the external visibility and reputation of the eit and kics . ### an important element in this regard is also the development , together with the kics , of a true eit ‘ corporate identity’ around a set of shared values . while all kics and their individual partners do have their own corporate identities and values , they all share values that bring the eit / kics community together . they are : excellence across the knowledge triangle ; highly - skilled and entrepreneurial people ; long - term collaboration across borders , disciplines and sectors ; and the focus on societal and economic impact . such an identity will also enhance the external visibility and reputation of the eit and kics .


### an important element in this regard is also the development , together with the kics , of a true eit ' corporate identity ' around a set of shared values . while all kics and their individual partners do have their own corporate identities and values , they all share values that bring the eit / kics community together . they are : excellence across the knowledge triangle ; skilled and entrepreneurial people ; long - term collaboration across borders , disciplines and sectors ; and the focus on societal and economic impact . such an identity will also enhance the external visibility and reputation of the eit and kics . ### an important element in this regard is also the development , together with the kics , of a true eit ' corporate identity ' around a set of shared values . while all kics and their individual partners do have their own corporate identities and values , they all share values that bring the eit / kics community together . they are : excellence across the knowledge triangle ; opportunities for involvement of all members states ; skilled and entrepreneurial people ; long - term collaboration across borders , disciplines and sectors ; and the focus on societal and economic impact . such an identity will also enhance the external visibility and reputation of the eit and kics .


### the eit will actively support the initial three kics to enhance their potential and impact and their contribution to the objectives of horizon 2020 . over time , the kics will expand their initial portfolio of activities in order to seize new market or societal opportunities . to support these developments , the eit will advise and define , in close co - operation with each individual kic , tailor - made co - financing strategies , which at the same time underpin strategic activities from an eit perspective . ### the eit will actively support the initial three kics to enhance their potential and impact and their contribution to the objectives of horizon 2020 . over time , the kics will expand their initial portfolio of activities in order to seize new market or societal opportunities and adapt to a changing global environment . to support these developments , the eit will advise and define , in close co - operation with each individual kic , tailor - made co - financing strategies , which at the same time underpin strategic activities from an eit perspective .


### kics not only build on their partners ' existing excellent research base , but are also the frontrunners for promoting and implementing the eit ' s educational mission . the objective is to educate and train talented people with the skills , knowledge and mindset needed in a global knowledge economy . to this end , the eit actively promotes , inter alia , the eit - labelled degrees by monitoring their quality and coherent implementation across kics . in this endeavour they will make extensive use of peer and expert evaluations , and establish a dialogue with national and quality assurance bodies . this will enhance the national and international recognition of the eit labelled qualifications and raise their attractiveness globally , while providing a platform for collaboration at international level . in the future , kics will be encouraged to expand their educational activities beyond post - graduate education to a greater variety of study modes to cater for a wider range of innovative , professional development activities , involving executive education , tailor - made training courses and summer schools . to enhance the impact of kics ' educational activities and to reach out to a wider audience , kics may envisage the design , on an experimental basis , of modules for undergraduate courses or packages targeted to school education . ### kics not only build on their partners ' existing excellent research base , but are also the frontrunners for promoting and implementing the eit ' s educational mission . the objective is to educate and train talented people with the skills , knowledge and mindset needed in a global knowledge economy and society . to this end , the eit actively promotes , inter alia , the eit - labelled degrees by monitoring their quality and coherent implementation across kics . in this endeavour they will make extensive use of peer and expert evaluations , and establish a dialogue with national and quality assurance bodies . this will enhance the national and international recognition and reputation of the eit labelled qualifications and raise their attractiveness globally , while providing a platform for collaboration at international level . the attractiveness of research in europe could be further promoted by providing research grants to top science students , provided they commit to an r&d project in europe or they establish an innovative start - up in europe . in the future , kics will be encouraged to expand their educational activities beyond post - graduate education to a greater variety of study modes to cater for a wider range of innovative , professional development activities , involving executive education , tailor - made training courses and summer schools , as well as internships within the kics and their partners . to enhance the impact of kics ' educational activities and to reach out to a wider audience , kics may envisage the design , on an experimental basis , of distant and e - learning modules and degrees , as well as modules for undergraduate courses or packages targeted to school education .


### encourage kics to develop a greater variety of educational and training activities . ### encourage kics to develop a greater variety and provide advice about educational and training activities across the whole eu .


### · establish , in cooperation with the commission and the kics , a comprehensive system to monitor : the eit ' s contribution to horizon 2020 ; the eit ' s impact via its own and kic activities ; and kic results . the eit will report on all its monitoring activities in the annual activity report ### · establish , in cooperation with the commission and the kics , a comprehensive system to monitor : the eit ' s contribution to horizon 2020 ; the eit ' s impact via its own and kic activities ; and kic results . the eit will report on all its monitoring activities in its annual activity report


### the governance model of the eit has proven its overall value . however , experiences from the initial period show that further efforts can be made to enhance the effectiveness of the eit ' s decision - making and implementing mechanisms . the relationship between the eit governing board , responsible for strategic decisions , and the eit headquarters , responsible for implementation , has to be more clearly defined and streamlined . the eit headquarters will have to define the critical domains where the eit should provide support to the kics , striking an appropriate balance between supporting and monitoring functions . finally , the governing board needs to better ensure that strategic decisions are properly informed by the experiences from the kics and the wider innovation community . ### the governance model of the eit has proven its overall value . however , experiences from the initial period show that further efforts can be made to enhance the effectiveness of the eit ' s decision - making and implementing mechanisms . the relationship between the eit governing board , responsible for strategic decisions , and the eit headquarters , responsible for implementation , has to be more clearly defined and streamlined . the eit headquarters will have to define the critical domains where the eit should provide support to the kics , striking an appropriate balance between supporting and monitoring functions . finally , the governing board needs to better ensure that strategic decisions are properly informed by the experiences from the kics and the wider innovation community . the strategic goal for the eit is to become more than the sum of its parts , therefore cross - kic coordination and cooperation should be exercised by the eit in order to ensure synergies and added - value creation from the kics and the multitude of partners within the eit ecosystem .


### the decisions of the eit governing board are implemented by the eit headquarters under the leadership of the director who is accountable for the eit’s actions . in doing so , the headquarters mirror the results - oriented nature of the eit and its kics and are the driving force behind simplification of procedures . at the same time , the eit headquarters develop the capacity to systematically digest the learning from the kics and make these findings available for the benefit of the wider innovation community . over time , the eit headquarters will become a resourceful repository of good practice and a real knowledge partner for policy makers . ### the decisions of the eit governing board are implemented by the eit headquarters under the leadership of the director who is accountable to the commission , parliament and the council for the eit’s actions . in doing so , the headquarters mirror the results - oriented nature of the eit and its kics and are the driving force behind simplification of procedures . at the same time , the eit headquarters develop the capacity to systematically digest the learning from the kics and make these findings available for the benefit of the wider innovation community . over time , the eit headquarters will become a resourceful repository of good practice and a real knowledge partner for policy makers .


### interactions between the eit and the kics not only provide the framework for kics to operate successfully , but are also at the core of the mutual learning process enabling the eit to play its role as a test bed for new innovation models . in order to provide kics with appropriate framework conditions , clear and coherent guidance must be given by the eit at all stages of the process without at the same time being overly prescriptive . interactions between eit headquarters and the kics need to be systematic and trust - based in order to achieve maximum efficiency . both the contractual relations between the eit and the kics as well as the organisational arrangements of the eit headquarters should contribute thereto . ### interactions between the eit and the kics not only provide the framework for kics to operate successfully , but are also at the core of the mutual learning process enabling the eit to play its role as a test bed for new innovation models . in order to provide kics with appropriate framework conditions , clear and coherent guidance must be given by the eit at all stages of the process without at the same time being overly prescriptive . this guidance could in particular cover management of kics and cooperation with their partners . interactions between eit headquarters and the kics need to be systematic , and regular as well as clear , transparent and trust - based in order to achieve maximum efficiency . both the contractual relations between the eit and the kics as well as the organisational arrangements of the eit headquarters should contribute thereto .


### moreover , active consultation with other eu institutions , in particular with relevant services of the commission , from early on in the process will help to maximise synergies and mutual learning with other eu initiatives . ### moreover , active consultation with other eu institutions from early on in the process will help to maximise synergies and mutual learning with other eu initiatives . the eit will engage into a regular dialogue with the european parliament and with the relevant services of the commission .


### the eit designed an original funding model which builds on joint strengths and resources of existing excellent organisations ; eit funding acts as a catalyst to leverage and pool together supplementary financial resources from a wide range of public and private partners . on this basis , the eit provides on average up to 25% of the total kic funding , while the remaining minimum 75% should come from non - eit sources . this includes kic partners ' own revenues and resources , but also public funding at national , regional and eu level , in particular the – current and future – structural funds and the framework programme for research and innovation . in the latter case the kics apply for funding in accordance with the respective rules of the programmes and on an equal footing with other applicants . the contribution from kic partners is not a classic grant ' co - financing ' requirement , but a pre - requisite for a minimum level of involvement of existing organisations and their financial commitment to the kic . this bottom - up approach guarantees strong commitment from kic partners , incentivizes investment and stimulates structural and organizational change among kic partners and beyond . the experience of the initial kics shows that industry is financially committed to the delivery of the kic business plans and that the share of the kic budget from industrial partners amounts between 20% - 30% of the total kic annual budget . furthermore , kics have managed to align and pool additional streams of national funding , which would not have been available otherwise . ### the eit designed an original funding model which builds on joint strengths and resources of existing excellent organisations ; eit funding acts as a catalyst to leverage and pool together supplementary financial resources from a wide range of public and private partners . on this basis , the eit provides on average up to 25% of the total kic funding , while the remaining minimum 75% should come from non - eit sources . this includes kic partners ' own revenues and resources , but also public funding at national , regional and eu level , in particular the – current and future – structural funds and the framework programme for research and innovation . in the latter case the kics apply for funding in accordance with the respective rules of the programmes and on an equal footing with other applicants . the contribution from kic partners is not a classic grant ' co - financing ' requirement , but a pre - requisite for a minimum level of involvement of existing organisations and their financial commitment to the kic . this bottom - up approach guarantees strong commitment from kic partners , incentivizes investment and stimulates structural and organizational change among kic partners and beyond . nevertheless , a top - down approach should not be excluded , particularly in the case of research initiatives that are already based on such an approach . the experience of the initial kics shows that industry is financially committed to the delivery of the kic business plans and that the share of the kic budget from industrial partners amounts between 20% - 30% of the total kic annual budget . furthermore , kics have managed to align and pool additional streams of national funding , which would not have been available otherwise .


### a kic on added - value manufacturing will help meeting horizon 2020 priorities in terms of advanced manufacturing and processing , and its specific objective of ' transforming today ' s industrial forms of production towards more knowledge intensive , sustainable , low - carbon , trans - sectoral manufacturing and processing technologies , to realise innovative products , processes and services ' . ### a kic on industry will help meeting horizon 2020 priorities in terms of advanced manufacturing and processing , and its specific objective of ' transforming today ' s industrial forms of production towards more knowledge intensive , sustainable , low - carbon , trans - sectoral manufacturing and processing technologies , to realise innovative products , processes and services ' .


### a kic on added - value manufacturing will help meeting horizon 2020 priorities in terms of advanced manufacturing and processing , and its specific objective of ‘ transforming today ' s industrial forms of production towards more knowledge intensive , sustainable , low - carbon , trans - sectoral manufacturing and processing technologies , to realise innovative products , processes and services’ . ### a kic on added - value manufacturing will help meeting horizon 2020 priorities in terms of advanced manufacturing and processing , and its specific objective of ‘ transforming today ' s industrial forms of production towards more knowledge intensive , sustainable , low - emission , trans - sectoral manufacturing and processing technologies , to realise innovative products , processes and services’ .


### the eu is fully engaged in this field . a kic would contribute to address horizon 2020 societal challenge ‘ food security , sustainable agriculture and the bio - economy’ . it would in particular co - operate with the proposed european innovation partnership ‘ agricultural productivity and sustainability’ . whilst the latter will put emphasis on building bridges between cutting - edge research and practical innovation , a kic would in particular create complementarity in educating key actors , such as entrepreneurs and consumers . coordination is also needed , with the joint programming initiative ‘ agriculture , food security and climate change’ , which will pool national research efforts to integrate adaptation , mitigation and food security in the agriculture , forestry and land use sectors . the european maritime and fisheries fund will promoting environmental and social sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture , thus highlighting the need for technical developments coupled with new entrepreneurial skills in these fields , in line with the evolution of consumers ' behaviour , providing possibilities for synergies . likewise , coordination will also be possible with the recently launched jpi ‘ healthy food for a healthy life’ and ‘ connecting climate research in europe’ , and with european technology platforms in relating areas or numerous fp 7 projects . similarly , it would also liaise with the cip eco - innovation market replication projects , where food and drink is one of the priority areas . such experience will continue with horizon 2020 namely in the context of the climate and resource efficiency societal challenge . ### the eu is fully engaged in this field . a kic would contribute to address horizon 2020 societal challenge ‘ food security , sustainable agriculture , productive seas and oceans and the bio - economy’ . it would in particular co - operate with the proposed european innovation partnership ‘ agricultural productivity and sustainability’ . whilst the latter will put emphasis on building bridges between cutting - edge research and practical innovation , a kic would in particular create complementarity in educating key actors , such as entrepreneurs and consumers . coordination is also needed , with the joint programming initiative ‘ agriculture , food security and climate change’ , which will pool national research efforts to integrate adaptation , mitigation and food security in the agriculture , forestry and land use sectors . the european maritime and fisheries fund will promoting environmental and social sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture , thus highlighting the need for technical developments coupled with new entrepreneurial skills in these fields , in line with the evolution of consumers ' behaviour , providing possibilities for synergies . likewise , coordination will also be possible with the recently launched jpi ‘ healthy food for a healthy life’ and ‘ connecting climate research in europe’ , and with european technology platforms in relating areas or numerous fp 7 projects . similarly , it would also liaise with the cip eco - innovation market replication projects , where food and drink is one of the priority areas . such experience will continue with horizon 2020 namely in the context of the climate and resource efficiency societal challenge .


### the response to these challenges has been defined in horizon 2020 as aiming ‘ to provide better health , quality of life and general wellbeing for all by supporting research and innovation activities . these activities will focus on the maintenance and promotion of health throughout our lifetimes , and on disease prevention ; on improving our ability to cure , treat and manage disease and disability ; supporting active ageing ; and on contributing to the achievement of a sustainable and efficient care sector . ’ ### the response to these challenges has been defined in horizon 2020 as aiming ‘ to provide better health , quality of life and general wellbeing for all by supporting research and innovation activities . these activities will focus on the maintenance and promotion of health throughout our lifetimes , and on disease prevention ; on improving our ability to cure , treat and manage disease and disability ; supporting active ageing ; and on contributing to the achievement of a sustainable and efficient care sector . ’ in addition , special importance should be given to local services and to the adaptation of cities and their facilities for an ageing population .


### aligning with other eu activities , a kic in this area should concentrate on fostering a knowledge hub and centre of expertise on academic , technical and practical education and research in sustainable surface , subsurface and deep - sea mining , material management , recycling technologies , material substitution and geopolitical trade in raw materials . this would act as a broker and clearing house for european centres of excellence on these related topics and manage a research programme of strategic importance to eu industry . for this reason and in order to maximise the impact of the actions and avoid any duplication with eu activities , including the eip on raw materials , the kic will provide the necessary complement in the areas of human capital for the technology innovative pilot actions for land and marine exploration , extraction and processing , collection and recycling . at the same time it could include targets around becoming a technology pioneer by creating pilot schemes and demonstrators of innovative processes and solutions , involving for example the use of economically attractive and sustainable alternative materials of strategic importance to the eu . it can consequently trigger the expansion of existing markets and creation of new ones , namely in the areas of sustainable extraction and processing , materials management , recycling technologies , and materials substitution . it will be necessary to assess impacts and develop innovative , cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures for particularly sensitive habitats , such as the arctic . ### aligning with other eu activities , a kic in this area should concentrate on fostering a knowledge hub and centre of expertise on academic , technical and practical education and research in sustainable surface , subsurface , deep - sea and urban mining , material management , recycling technologies , material substitution and geopolitical trade in raw materials . this would act as a broker and clearing house for european centres of excellence on these related topics and manage a research programme of strategic importance to eu industry . for this reason and in order to maximise the impact of the actions and avoid any duplication with eu activities , including the eip on raw materials , the kic will provide the necessary complement in the areas of human capital for the technology innovative pilot actions for land and marine exploration , extraction and processing , collection and recycling . at the same time it could include targets around becoming a technology pioneer by creating pilot schemes and demonstrators of innovative processes and solutions , involving for example the use of economically attractive and sustainable alternative materials of strategic importance to the eu . it can consequently trigger the expansion of existing markets and creation of new ones , namely in the areas of sustainable extraction and processing , materials management , recycling technologies , and materials substitution . it will be necessary to assess impacts and develop innovative , cost - effective adaptation and risk prevention measures for particularly sensitive habitats , such as the arctic .


### the eu has identified this priority field as one of the grand challenges . a kic would contribute to horizon 2020 , namely to the societal challenge related to the supply of raw materials and resource efficiency . it would contribute to the proposed eip on raw materials . the eip on raw materials will provide overarching frameworks to facilitate alignment and synergies among existing supply and demand - driven research and innovation instruments and policies in the field . this will cover technology - focused activities , but also the identification of framework conditions and best practise on policy , regulatory or standardisation issues having an impact on innovation in a given sector or challenge . a kic in this area would create complementarity in educating key actors , but also in providing a unique structured network of practitioners . it would provide a solid basis for supporting other innovation - related actions which will be carried out in the framework of the eip , and for the success of which human capital is an absolute necessity . it will also be well placed to support the eip in the identification of framework conditions and best practise on policy , regulatory or standardisation issues having an impact on the sector . a kic would also strongly build on and capitalise the results of the numerous research projects of the 7th framework programme addressing the topic , in particular those funded in the framework of the nanosciences , nanotechnologies , materials & new production technologies , and environment themes . ### the eu has identified this priority field as one of the grand challenges . a kic would contribute to horizon 2020 , namely to the societal challenge related to the sustainable supply of raw materials and resource efficiency . it would contribute to the proposed eip on raw materials . the eip on raw materials will provide overarching frameworks to facilitate alignment and synergies among existing supply and demand - driven research and innovation instruments and policies in the field . this will cover technology - focused activities , but also the identification of framework conditions and best practise on policy , regulatory or standardisation issues having an impact on innovation in a given sector or challenge . a kic in this area would create complementarity in educating key actors , but also in providing a unique structured network of practitioners . it would provide a solid basis for supporting other innovation - related actions which will be carried out in the framework of the eip , and for the success of which human capital is an absolute necessity . it will also be well placed to support the eip in the identification of framework conditions and best practise on policy , regulatory or standardisation issues having an impact on the sector . a kic would also strongly build on and capitalise the results of the numerous research projects of the 7th framework programme addressing the topic , in particular those funded in the framework of the nanosciences , nanotechnologies , materials & new production technologies , and environment themes .


### · it is able to mobilise investment from the businesses sector and offers possibilities for various emerging products and services – namely , in the areas of sustainable extraction and processing , materials management , recycling technologies , and materials substitution . ### · it is able to mobilise investment from the businesses sector and offers possibilities for various emerging products and services – namely , in the areas of sustainable extraction and processing , materials management , recycling technologies and urban mining , and materials substitution .


### the theme of smart , green and integrated transport has been identified as one of the major societal challenges which will be addressed within the framework of horizon 2020 . the 2011 transport white paper further reinforces the importance of taking action in this domain during the next decade . urban mobility is a particularly challenging task . it addresses a number of topics such as transport , environmental issues urban planning , and has an important impact both at the economic and social levels . the overarching aim is to improve the quality of life of european citizens who – in increasing numbers – live in large urban conglomerations where much of europe ' s economic performance is generated . 13 ### the theme of smart , green and integrated transport has been identified as one of the major societal challenges which will be addressed within the framework of horizon 2020 . the 2011 transport white paper further reinforces the importance of taking action in this domain during the next decade . urban mobility is a particularly challenging task . it should be addressed through a truly integrated and holistic approach , taking explicitly into account the interaction with the other topics in a spatial context . it addresses a number of topics such as transport , environmental issues urban planning , urban and natural landscape , cultural heritage and has an important impact both at the economic and social levels . the overarching aim is to improve the quality of life of european citizens who – in increasing numbers – live in large urban conglomerations where much of europe ' s economic performance is generated . 13


### the key objective of a kic on urban mobility will be to ensure a greener , more inclusive , safer and smarter urban mobility system . ### the key objective of a kic on urban mobility and smart and sustainable development will be to ensure a greener , more inclusive , safer and smarter urban mobility system .


### as already outlined above , the theme is highly relevant from a societal and public policy point of view . it also is highly relevant from a socio - economic perspective since it involves important economic sectors in gdp and employment terms , such as the automotive or the construction sectors . urban mobility is , in addition , linked with environmental protection strategies and fully embedded in policies of social inclusion , location , housing and urban design . ### as already outlined above , the theme is highly relevant from a societal and public policy point of view . it also is highly relevant from a socio - economic perspective since it involves important economic sectors in gdp and employment terms , such as the automotive or the construction sectors . urban mobility is , in addition , linked with environmental protection strategies and fully embedded in policies of social inclusion , location , housing , urban design and revitalization of historical centres .


### in fact , since urban mobility is by nature systemic , a kic on this area could offer many possibilities for innovation along the innovation chain , such as the development of multi - modal transport systems , and smarter and more sustainable transport solutions . ### urban mobility and accessibility are by nature systemic . complexity of cities , coherence of the knowledge triangle , carrying out projects on the field requires an integral approach . a kic on this board area could offer many possibilities for innovation along the innovation chain , such as the development of multi - modal transport systems , smarter and more sustainable transport solutions .


### a kic on urban mobility draws on a solid technological and industrial base and offers a potential for new products and services , in particular in the fields of sustainable planning and eco - industries . ### a kic on urban mobility and smart and sustainable development draws on a solid technological and industrial base and offers a potential for new products and services , in particular in the fields of sustainable planning and eco - industries .


### the kic on urban mobility will focus on those activities of the innovation triangle which can benefit from additional eu support specifically via the eit . in reality , the major added value of a kic in this area will be its role in integrating the three strands of the knowledge triangle and in bringing systemic change in the way the innovation players work together . likewise , kic focus on people - driven innovation , which puts students , researchers and entrepreneurs at the heart of kic efforts , will be fundamental to address the challenges outlined above . consequently , there will be a strong emphasis on education / training , entrepreneurship and deployment of results , e . g . developing skills and knowledge of urban transport professionals in local and regional administrations , proposing specific higher education programmes in urban mobility , taking innovative transport concepts successfully to the market . moreover , the concept of co - location could be strengthened within a kic focussing on this theme , since naturally this thematic area has a strong local and regional dimension . ### the kic on urban mobility and smart and sustainable development will focus on those activities of the innovation triangle which can benefit from additional eu support specifically via the eit . all the accessibility and mobility projects need to take into account the territory dimension , the economic dynamics , the demographic and population impact , the preservation of the urban landscape and the capacity of attraction of economic and cultural resources . in reality , the major added value of a kic in this area will be its role in integrating the three strands of the knowledge triangle and in bringing systemic change in the way the innovation players work together . likewise , kic focus on people - driven innovation , which puts students , researchers and entrepreneurs at the heart of kic efforts , will be fundamental to address the challenges outlined above . consequently , there will be a strong emphasis on education / training , entrepreneurship and deployment of results , e . g . developing skills and knowledge of urban transport professionals in local and regional administrations , proposing specific higher education programmes in urban mobility , taking innovative transport concepts successfully to the market . moreover , the concept of co - location could be strengthened within a kic focussing on this theme , since naturally this thematic area has a strong local and regional dimension .