### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this programme are expected to contribute 61% of the overall financial envelope of the programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### in view of the measures deployed to tackle climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this programme are expected to contribute 61% of the overall financial envelope of the programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the programme ' s preparation and implementation , and regularly reassessed using data from the scientific research to be carried out on the subject in order to determine the adequacy of such a policy .


### in the implementation of the programme due consideration should be given to the strategy for outermost regions30 in view of article 349 tfeu and the specific needs and vulnerabilities of these regions . union policies other than environmental , climate and relevant clean energy transition policies should also be taken into account . _________________ 30 com 623 final ### in the implementation of the programme due consideration should be given to the strategy for outermost regions30 in view of article 349 tfeu and the specific needs and vulnerabilities of these regions , with particular reference to sea and ocean pollution . union policies other than environmental , climate and relevant clean energy transition policies should also be taken into account . _________________ 30 com 623 final


### demand - side measures , such as fuel switching or reducing the gas supply to large industrial consumers in an economically efficient order , may have a valuable role to play in ensuring energy security , if they can be applied quickly and significantly reduce demand in response to a supply disruption . more should be done to promote efficient energy use , particularly where demand - side measures are needed . the environmental impact of any demand and supply - side measures proposed must be taken into account , with preference being given , as far as possible , to measures that have least impact on the environment . at the same time , security of supply and competitiveness aspects must be taken into account . ### thought should be given to taking demand - side measures , such as fuel switching and even reducing the gas supply to large industrial consumers in an economically efficient order , in the event of a supply disruption . member states have sole responsibility for establishing that order and determining their gas supply priorities .


### in order to make the regional cooperation feasible , member states should establish a cooperation mechanism within each region . such mechanism or mechanisms should be developed sufficiently in time to allow for conducting the risk assessment and drawing up meaningful plans at regional level . member states are free to agree on a cooperation mechanism best suited for a given region . the commission should have a facilitating role in the overall process and share best practises for arranging regional cooperation such as a rotating coordination role within the region for the preparation of the different documents or establishing dedicated bodies . in absence of an agreement on the cooperation mechanism , the commission may propose a suitable cooperation mechanism for a given region . ### in order to make the regional cooperation feasible , member states should establish a cooperation mechanism within each region . such mechanism or mechanisms should be developed sufficiently in time to allow for conducting the risk assessment and drawing up meaningful plans at regional level . member states are free to agree on a cooperation mechanism best suited for a given region . the commission should have a facilitating role in the overall process and share best practices .


### an internal gas market that operates smoothly is the best guarantee of security of energy supply across the union and to reduce the exposure of individual member states to the harmful effects of supply disruptions . where a member state’s security of supply is threatened , there is a risk that measures developed unilaterally by that member state may jeopardise the proper functioning of the internal gas market and damage the gas supply to customers in other member states . to allow the internal gas market to function even in the face of a shortage of supply , provision must be made for solidarity and coordination in the response to supply crises , as regards both preventive action and the reaction to actual disruptions of supply . ### the union’s member states’ reaction to a supply crisis needs to be coordinated as regards both preventive action and the reaction to actual disruptions of supply . however , it would be extremely inappropriate to forbid a member state to take unilateral action to protect itself against disruption of its gas supplies .


### although emissions of methane are not known to have a direct harmful effect on human health , methane is a strong greenhouse gas . therefore , in line with the communication of the commission on the application and future development of community legislation concerning vehicle emissions from light - duty vehicles and access to repair and maintenance information 2 and with article 14 of regulation 715 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council3 , the commission should consider including methane emissions in the calculation of co2 emissions . __________________ 2 oj c 182 , 19 . 7 . 2008 , p . 17 . 3 regulation 715 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council of 20 june 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information . ### methane is well - known as a strong greenhouse gas , as in atmosphere , methane disintegrates into co subsequently oxidizing to co2 . in higher concentrations , methane has anaesthetic and asphyxiant effects on human health . therefore , in line with the communication of the commission on the application and future development of community legislation concerning vehicle emissions from light - duty vehicles and access to repair and maintenance information 2 and with article 14 of regulation 715 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council3 , the commission should consider to fully take into account these emissions expressed as a co2 equivalent calculated on the stoichiometrics of methane disintegration to co / co2 thus boosting environmental protection as well as allowing consumers to choose on a transparent and comparable co2 emissions basis . __________________ 2 oj c 182 , 19 . 7 . 2008 , p . 17 . 3 regulation 715 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council of 20 june 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information .


### modern diesel vehicles emit high and increasing amounts of no2 as a share of the total nox emissions which were not anticipated when regulation no 715 / 2007 was adopted . most air quality problems in affected urban areas appear to be related to direct no2 emissions . therefore , an appropriate emission limit should be introduced . ### modern diesel vehicles emit high and increasing amounts of toxic no2 as a share of the total nox emissions which were not anticipated when regulation no 715 / 2007 was adopted . most air quality problems in affected urban areas appear to be related to toxic nox and direct no2 emissions . therefore , appropriate emission limits should urgently be introduced for nitrogen oxides pursuant to article 14 of regulation no 715 / 2007 .


### in order to facilitate the introduction of natural gas vehicles the current total hydrocarbons emission limit should be increased and the effect of methane emissions should be taken into account and expressed as a co2 equivalent for regulatory and consumer information purposes . ### in order to assess natural gas driven and petrol driven vehicles on equal standards as far as emissions are concerned , the current total hydrocarbons emission limit , especially methane , should be fully taken into account in expressing emissions as a co2 equivalent calculated on the stoichiometrics of methane dissociation reaction thus boosting environmental protection as well as allowing to choose on a transparent and comparable co2 emissions basis , for regulatory and consumer information purposes .


### ' 2 . after publication of the delegated acts adopted in accordance with the second subparagraph and at the manufacturer ' s request , this regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council* with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg . the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 14a concerning the detailed rules on the application of this regulation to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg . the delegated acts shall ensure in particular that at chassis dynamometer tests the actual operational mass of the vehicle is appropriately considered for determining the equivalent inertia as well as other default power and load parameters . ____________________ * oj l 263 , 9 . 10 . 2007 , p . 1 . ' . ### ' 2 . after publication of the delegated acts adopted in accordance with the second subparagraph and at the manufacturer ' s request , this regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council* with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 7 500 kg . the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 14a concerning the detailed rules on the application of this regulation to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 7 500 kg . the delegated acts shall ensure in particular that at chassis dynamometer tests the actual operational mass of the vehicle is appropriately considered for determining the equivalent inertia as well as other default power and load parameters . ____________________ * oj l 263 , 9 . 10 . 2007 , p . 1 . ' .


### after publication of the delegated acts adopted in accordance with the second subparagraph and at the manufacturer ' s request , this regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council* with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg . the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 14a concerning the detailed rules on the application of this regulation to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg . the delegated acts shall ensure in particular that at chassis dynamometer tests the actual operational mass of the vehicle is appropriately considered for determining the equivalent inertia as well as other default power and load parameters . ____________________ * oj l 263 , 9 . 10 . 2007 , p . 1 . ' . ### after publication of the delegated acts adopted in accordance with the second subparagraph and at the manufacturer ' s request , this regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council* with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum technically permissible laden mass not exceeding 7 500 kg . the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 14a concerning the detailed rules on the application of this regulation to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum technically permissible laden mass not exceeding 7 500 kg . the delegated acts shall ensure in particular that at chassis dynamometer tests the actual operational mass of the vehicle is appropriately considered for determining the equivalent inertia as well as other default power and load parameters . ____________________ * oj l 263 , 9 . 10 . 2007 , p . 1 . ' .


### in order to achieve eu air quality objectives and to ensure a continuous effort to reduce vehicle emissions , the power to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the detailed rules on the application of regulation no 715 / 2007 to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg , the specific procedures , tests and requirements for type approval , the requirements for the implementation of the prohibition on the use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of emission control systems , the measures necessary for the implementation of the obligation of a manufacturer to provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information , the replacement of the information on the mass of co2 emissions in the certificate of conformity with information on total mass of co2 emissions equivalents , the increase or removal of the limit value of total hydrocarbons emissions for positive ignition vehicles , the amendment of regulation no 715 / 2007 for the purposes of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values and introducing particle number based limit values that would correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values , the adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates and a particle number limit value , a limit value for emissions of no2 and limits for tailpipe emissions at cold temperatures for vehicles approved as complying with the euro 6 emission limits . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council . ### in order to achieve eu air quality objectives and to ensure a continuous effort to reduce vehicle emissions , this regulation shall cover vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council5b with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 7 500 kg , the respective specific procedures , tests and requirements for type approval , the respective requirements for the implementation of the prohibition on the use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of emission control systems , the measures necessary for the implementation of the obligation of a manufacturer to provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information , the replacement of the information on the mass of co2 emissions in the certificate of conformity with information on total mass of co2 emissions and equivalents , the increase of the limit value of total hydrocarbons emissions for positive ignition vehicles , the amendment of regulation no 715 / 2007 for the purposes of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values and introducing particle number based limit values that would correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values , the adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates and a particle number limit value , a limit value for emissions of nox / no2 and limits for tailpipe emissions at cold temperatures for vehicles approved as complying with the euro 6 emission limits . __________________ 5b directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 5 september 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers , and of systems , components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles .


### modern diesel vehicles emit high and increasing amounts of no2 as a share of the total nox emissions which were not anticipated when regulation no 715 / 2007 was adopted . most air quality problems in affected urban areas appear to be related to direct no2 emissions . therefore , an appropriate emission limit should be introduced . ### modern diesel vehicles emit high and increasing amounts of no2 as a share of the total nox emissions which were not anticipated when regulation no 715 / 2007 was adopted . most air quality problems in affected urban areas appear to be related to direct no2 emissions . on the other hand , diesel vehicles are responsible for the majority of particulate matter emissions from road traffic . therefore , an appropriate emission limit should be introduced .


### after publication of the delegated acts adopted in accordance with the second subparagraph and at the manufacturer ' s request , this regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council* with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg . ### this regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 as defined in annex ii to directive 2007 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council* with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 7 500 kg .


### in order to achieve eu air quality objectives and to ensure a continuous effort to reduce vehicle emissions , the power to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the detailed rules on the application of regulation no 715 / 2007 to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg , the specific procedures , tests and requirements for type approval , the requirements for the implementation of the prohibition on the use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of emission control systems , the measures necessary for the implementation of the obligation of a manufacturer to provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information , the replacement of the information on the mass of co2 emissions in the certificate of conformity with information on total mass of co2 emissions equivalents , the increase or removal of the limit value of total hydrocarbons emissions for positive ignition vehicles , the amendment of regulation no 715 / 2007 for the purposes of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values and introducing particle number based limit values that would correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values , the adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates and a particle number limit value , a limit value for emissions of no2 and limits for tailpipe emissions at cold temperatures for vehicles approved as complying with the euro 6 emission limits . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council . ### in order to achieve eu air quality objectives and to ensure a continuous effort to reduce vehicle emissions , the power to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the detailed rules on the application of regulation no 715 / 2007 to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 7 500 kg , the specific procedures , tests and requirements for type approval , the requirements for the implementation of the prohibition on the use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of emission control systems , the measures necessary for the implementation of the obligation of a manufacturer to provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information , the replacement of the information on the mass of co2 emissions in the certificate of conformity with information on total mass of co2 emissions equivalents , the increase or removal of the limit value of total hydrocarbons emissions for positive ignition vehicles , the amendment of regulation no 715 / 2007 for the purposes of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values and introducing particle number based limit values that would correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values , the adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates and a particle number limit value , a limit value for emissions of no2 and limits for tailpipe emissions at cold temperatures for vehicles approved as complying with the euro 6 emission limits . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council .


### the current emission limits for co and total hydrocarbons after a cold start at low temperature have been carried over from euro 3 requirements set out in directive 98 / 69 / ec of the european parliament and of the council4 , which appear to be outdated in the light of existing vehicle technology and air quality needs . in addition , air quality problems and results of vehicle emission measurements suggest the need to introduce an appropriate limit for nox / no2 emissions . therefore , revised emission limits should be introduced pursuant to article 14 of regulation no 715 / 2007 . __________________ 4 directive 98 / 69 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 13 october 1998 relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles and amending council directive 70 / 220 / eec . ### the current emission limits for co and total hydrocarbons after a cold start at low temperature have been carried over from euro 3 requirements set out in directive 98 / 69 / ec of the european parliament and of the council4 , which appear to be outdated in the light of existing vehicle technology and air quality needs . in addition , air quality problems and results of vehicle emission measurements suggest the need to introduce an appropriate limit for nox / no2 emissions . causing 41% of nox emissions , traffic is by far the main source of these emissions . especially , the high efficiency of state - of - the - art motors is due to higher combustion temperatures which , in turn , produce higher amounts of nox . no2 , on the other hand , is responsible for ozone formation , acid rain and irritation of the human respiratory system . consequently , revised emission limits should be introduced pursuant to article 14 of regulation no 715 / 2007 . __________________ 4 directive 98 / 69 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 13 october 1998 relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles and amending council directive 70 / 220 / eec .


### modern diesel vehicles emit high and increasing amounts of no2 as a share of the total nox emissions which were not anticipated when regulation no 715 / 2007 was adopted . most air quality problems in affected urban areas appear to be related to direct no2 emissions . therefore , an appropriate emission limit should be introduced . ### modern diesel vehicles emit high and increasing amounts of no2 as a share of the total nox emissions which were not anticipated when regulation no 715 / 2007 was adopted . most air quality problems in affected urban areas appear to be related to toxic nox and direct no2 emissions . for that reason , an appropriate emission limit should urgently be introduced .


### in order to achieve eu air quality objectives and to ensure a continuous effort to reduce vehicle emissions , the power to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the detailed rules on the application of regulation no 715 / 2007 to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 5 000 kg , the specific procedures , tests and requirements for type approval , the requirements for the implementation of the prohibition on the use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of emission control systems , the measures necessary for the implementation of the obligation of a manufacturer to provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information , the replacement of the information on the mass of co2 emissions in the certificate of conformity with information on total mass of co2 emissions equivalents , the increase or removal of the limit value of total hydrocarbons emissions for positive ignition vehicles , the amendment of regulation no 715 / 2007 for the purposes of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values and introducing particle number based limit values that would correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values , the adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates and a particle number limit value , a limit value for emissions of no2 and limits for tailpipe emissions at cold temperatures for vehicles approved as complying with the euro 6 emission limits . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council . ### in order to achieve union air quality objectives and to ensure a continuous effort to reduce vehicle emissions , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the detailed rules on the application of regulation no 715 / 2007 to vehicles of categories m1 , m2 , n1 and n2 with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg but with a maximum vehicle mass not exceeding 7 500 kg , the specific procedures , tests and requirements for type approval , the requirements for the implementation of the prohibition on the use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of emission control systems , the measures necessary for the implementation of the obligation of a manufacturer to provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information , including remote diagnostic support , the review of the information on the mass of co2 emissions in the certificate of conformity with information on total mass of co2 emissions equivalents , the increase of the limit value of total hydrocarbons emissions for positive ignition vehicles , the amendment of regulation no 715 / 2007 for the purposes of recalibrating the particulate mass based limit values and introducing particle number based limit values that would correlate broadly with the petrol and diesel mass limit values , the adoption of a revised measurement procedure for particulates , including nano - particulates , and a particle number limit value , a limit value for emissions of no2 and limits for tailpipe emissions at cold temperatures for vehicles approved as complying with the euro 6 emission limits . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council .


### in order to set in place conditions supporting the re - use of documents which is associated with important socio - economic benefits having a particular high value for economy and society , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the adoption of a list of high - value datasets among the documents to which this directive applies , along with the modalities of their publication and re - use . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law - making . in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states ' experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts . ### in order to set in place conditions supporting the re - use of documents which is associated with important socio - economic benefits having a particular high value for economy and society , the power to adopt implementing acts in accordance with article 291 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the adoption of a list of high - value datasets among the documents to which this directive applies , along with the modalities of their publication and re - use . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law - making . in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states ' experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts .


### an eu - wide list of datasets with a particular potential to generate socio - economic benefits together with harmonised re - use conditions constitutes an important enabler of cross - border data applications and services . in the process leading to the establishment of the list , the commission should carry out appropriate consultations , including at expert level . the list should take into account sectoral legislation that already regulates the publication of datasets , as well as the categories indicated in the technical annex of the g8 open data charter and in the commission ' s notice 2014 / c 240 / 01 . ### an eu - wide list of datasets with a particular potential to generate socio - economic benefits together with harmonised re - use conditions constitutes an important enabler of cross - border data applications and services . for the purpose of adopting delegated acts , the commission shall conduct appropriate public consultations . all interested parties , including competent bodies holding public sector information , users and re - users , applicants for the use and re - use and representative organisations , shall have the possibility to submit proposals for additional data - sets to the commission . the commission takes these into account , or provides the interested party concerned with reasons for rejecting the suggestion . in the course of preparation co - determination rights as well as the financial and personal resources to effectively make use of those rights are granted to the european social partners . the list should take into account the protection of critical infrastructures as well as sectoral legislation that already regulates the publication of datasets , as well as the categories indicated in the commission ' s notice 2014 / c 240 / 01 .


### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and maximising benefits of their interactions , the programme should engage and involve citizens and civil society organisations in co - designing and co - creating responsible research and innovation agendas and contents , promoting science education , making scientific knowledge publicly accessible , and facilitating participation by citizens and civil society organisations in its activities . it should do so across the programme and through dedicated activities in the part ' strengthening the european research area ' . the engagement of citizens and civil society in research and innovation should be coupled with public outreach activities to generate and sustain public support for the programme . the programme should also seek to remove barriers and boost synergies between science , technology , culture and the arts to obtain a new quality of sustainable innovation . ### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and maximising benefits of their interactions , the programme should engage and involve citizens and civil society organisations in co - designing and co - creating responsible research and innovation agendas and contents , promoting science education and making scientific knowledge publicly accessible . it should do so across the programme and through dedicated activities in the part ' strengthening the european research area ' . the programme should also , as far as possible , foster innovation in various fields , notably in culture and the arts and in particular in heritage to obtain a new quality of sustainable innovation .


### copernicus should ensure an autonomous access to environmental knowledge and key technologies for earth observation and geo - information services , thereby enabling the union to achieve independent decision - making and actions in the fields of the environment , climate change , civil protection , security , as well as the digital economy , among others . ### copernicus should ensure an autonomous access to environmental and agricultural knowledge and key technologies for earth observation and geo - information services , thereby enabling the union to achieve independent decision - making and actions in the fields of the environment , agriculture , climate change , civil protection , security , as well as the digital economy , among others .


### the board of regulators and sub - committees pursuant to article 7 shall act by a simple majority of the members present , with one vote for each member , except for the opinion pursuant to paragraph 5 which shall be taken on the basis of a two - thirds majority of its members present . ### the board of regulators and its sub - committees pursuant to article 7 shall act by a two - thirds majority of the members present , with one vote for each member .


### in cases where the network codes and guidelines developed pursuant to chapter vii of [ recast electricity regulation as proposed by com 861 / 2 ] provide for the development of proposals for terms and conditions or methodologies for the implementation of those network codes and guidelines which require regulatory approval by all regulatory authorities or by all regulators of the concerned region , the terms and conditions or methodologies shall be submitted for revision and approval to the agency . before approving the terms and conditions or methodologies , the agency shall revise and change them where necessary in order to ensure that they are in line with the purpose of the network code or guideline and contribute to market integration , non - discrimination and the efficient functioning of the market . the procedure for the coordination of regional tasks in accordance with article 7 shall apply . ### in cases where the network codes and guidelines developed pursuant to chapter vii of regulation . . . / . . . of the european parliament and of the council [ proposed recast electricity regulation , cod0379 ] provide for the development of proposals for terms and conditions or methodologies for the implementation of those network codes and guidelines which require approval by the regulatory authorities of all member states , the proposed terms and conditions or methodologies shall be submitted for revision and approval to the agency . in cases where the network codes and guidelines developed pursuant to chapter vii of regulation . . . / . . . [ proposed recast electricity regulation , cod0379 ] provide for the development of proposals for joint regional terms and conditions or methodologies for the implementation of those network codes and guidelines which require approval by all regulatory authorities of the region concerned , the proposed terms and conditions or methodologies shall be notified to the agency . the agency shall decide on those terms and conditions or methodologies , in accordance with article 7 , and in the following circumstances : where the competent national regulatory authorities have not been able to reach agreement within the period specified in the relevant network codes and guidelines ; or upon the joint request from the competent national regulatory authorities ; or where the terms and conditions or methodologies have a tangible impact on the internal energy market , in particular in cases where an issue has significant relevance beyond the region concerned . before approving the terms and conditions or methodologies , the agency shall revise and change them where necessary in order to ensure that they are in line with the purpose of the network code or guidelines and contribute to market integration , non - discrimination , effective competition and the proper functioning of the market .


### provide opinions to the director on the opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 4 to 14 , which are considered for adoption . in addition , the board of regulators , within its field of competence , shall provide guidance to the director in the execution of his tasks , with the exception of decisions pursuant to article 16 of regulation 1227 / 200138 . __________________ 38 regulation 1227 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 25 october on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency , oj l 326 , 8 . 12 . 2011 , p . 1 . ### provide opinions to the director on the all documents containing opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 3 to 11 and 14 , 16 and 30 , which are considered for adoption . the board of regulators may amend the opinions , recommendations and decisions drafted by the director pursuant to article 25 . in addition , the board of regulators , within its field of competence , shall provide guidance to the director and the agency working groups in the execution of his their tasks , with the exception of tasks pursuant to regulation 1227 / 201138 . __________________ 38 regulation 1227 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 25 october on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency , oj l 326 , 8 . 12 . 2011 , p . 1 .


### draft , adopt and publish opinions , recommendations and decisions . opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 3 to 11 and 14 , shall only be adopted if they have received a favourable opinion of the board of regulators ; ### draft , adopt and publish the opinions , recommendations and decisions . documents containing opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 3 to 14 , 16 and 30 shall only be adopted if they have received a favourable opinion of the board of regulators .


### provide opinions to the director on the opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 4 to 14 , which are considered for adoption . in addition , the board of regulators , within its field of competence , shall provide guidance to the director in the execution of his tasks , with the exception of decisions pursuant to article 16 of regulation 1227 / 200138 . __________________ 38 regulation 1227 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 25 october on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency , oj l 326 , 8 . 12 . 2011 , p . 1 . ### review , revise and provide opinions to the director on all documents containing opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 3 to 14 and 16 , which are considered for adoption . in its opinions , the board of regulators shall give utmost account to the recommendations of the director pursuant to article 25 or give a statement of grounds as to why it does not . in addition , the board of regulators , within its field of competence , shall provide guidance to the director and the agency working groups in the execution of their tasks , with the exception of tasks pursuant to regulation 1227 / 201138 . __________________ 38 regulation 1227 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 25 october on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency , oj l 326 , 8 . 12 . 2011 , p . 1 .


### decisions of the administrative board shall be adopted on the basis of a simple majority of the members present , unless provided otherwise in this regulation . each member of the administrative board or alternate shall have one vote . ### decisions of the administrative board shall be adopted on the basis of a two thirds majority of the members present , unless provided otherwise in this regulation . each member of the administrative board or alternate shall have one vote


### draft , adopt and publish opinions , recommendations and decisions . opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 3 to 11 and 14 , shall only be adopted if they have received a favourable opinion of the board of regulators ; ### adopt and publish opinions , recommendations and decisions . opinions , recommendations and decisions referred to in articles 3 to 11 and 14 , 16 and 30 shall only be adopted if they have received a favourable opinion of the board of regulators ;


### due to the close interconnection of the union electricity grid and the increasing need to cooperate with neighbouring countries to maintain grid stability and integrate large volumes of renewable energies , regional operational centres will play an important role for the coordination of transmission system operators . the agency should guarantee regulatory oversight over the regional operational centres where necessary . ### due to the close interconnection of the union electricity grid and the increasing need to cooperate with neighbouring countries to maintain grid stability and integrate large volumes of renewable energies , regional operational centres will play an important role for the coordination of transmission system operators . the agency should guarantee regulatory oversight over the regional operational centres . former the agency should be informed about the regional decisions from the regional operational centres and the transmission system operators .


### adopt , each year the draft programming document referred to in article 21 before its submission to the commission for its opinion , and shall , following the opinion of the commission and after having received approval by the board of regulators in accordance with article 23 , adopt the programming document of the agency by a two thirds majority its members and shall transmit it to the european parliament , the council and the commission . the work programme shall be adopted without prejudice to the annual budgetary procedure and shall be made public . ### adopt , each year the draft programming document referred to in article 21 before its submission to the commission for its opinion , and shall , after having received the opinion of the commission and after having received approval by the board of regulators in accordance with article 23 , adopt the programming document of the agency by a two thirds majority its members and shall transmit it to the european parliament , the council and the commission . the programming document shall be adopted without prejudice to the annual budgetary procedure and shall be made public ;


### through the cooperation of national regulators within the agency it is evident that majority decisions are a key pre - requisite to achieve progress on matters concerning the internal energy market which have significant economic effects in various member states . national regulators should therefore vote with simple majority within the board of regulators . ### through the cooperation of national regulators within the agency it is evident that majority decisions are a key pre - requisite to achieve progress on matters concerning the internal energy market which have significant economic effects in various member states . national regulators should therefore continue to vote with two - thirds majority within the board of regulators . the agency should be accountable to the european parliament , the council and the commission , where appropriate .


### in accordance with article 20 and article 25 and in line with the preliminary draft budget established in accordance with article 33 , approve the work programme of the agency for the coming year and present it by 1 september of each year for adoption by the administrative board . ### in accordance with article 20 and article 25 and in line with the provisional draft estimate established in accordance with article 33 to 33 , approve the draft multi - annual and annual programming put forward by the director and the work programme of the agency for the coming year and present it by 1 september of each year for adoption by the administrative board .


### the agency may , in accordance with its work programme , at the request of the commission or at its own initiative , make recommendations to assist regulatory authorities and market players in sharing good practices . ### the agency may , in accordance with its work programme , at the request of the commission , make recommendations to assist regulatory authorities and market players in sharing good practices .


### documented data demonstrating the history of safe food use in a third country ; ### documented data demonstrating the history of safe food use in at least two third countries ;


### a high level of protection of human health and of consumers’ interests and the effective functioning of the internal market should be assured in the pursuit of union food policies , whilst ensuring transparency . ### in the pursuit of union food policies priority should be given to transparency and to compliance with the precautionary principle , with a view to guaranteeing a high level of protection of human health and of consumers’ interests and the effective functioning of the internal market .


### the european union agency for asylum should work in close cooperation with member states ' asylum authorities , with national immigration and asylum services and other services , drawing on the capacity and expertise of those services , and with the commission . member states should cooperate with the agency to ensure that it is able to fulfil its mandate . it is important that the agency and the member states act in good faith and have a timely and accurate exchange of information . any provision of statistical data should respect the technical and methodological specifications of regulation no 862 / 20078 . __________________ 8regulation no 862 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 july 2007 on community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing council regulation no 311 / 76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers . ### the agency for inter - state cooperation to combat illegal immigration should work in close cooperation with member states ' asylum authorities , with national immigration and asylum services and other services , drawing on the capacity and expertise of those services . member states should cooperate with the agency as they wish . it is important that the agency and the member states act in good faith and have a timely and accurate exchange of information . any provision of statistical data should respect the technical and methodological specifications of regulation no 862 / 20078 . __________________ 8regulation no 862 / 2007 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 july 2007 on community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing council regulation no 311 / 76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers .


### the agency shall work closely with the member states ' asylum authorities , with national immigration and asylum services and other national services and with the commission . the agency shall carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to other relevant bodies of the union and shall work closely with those bodies and with the united nations high commissioner for refugees . ### the aiccii shall work closely with the member states ' asylum authorities , with national immigration and asylum services and other national services . the aiccii shall carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to other relevant bodies of the union and shall work closely with those bodies and with the united nations high commissioner for refugees .


### the tasks of the european asylum support office should be expanded , and to reflect those changes , it should be renamed european union agency for asylum . the agency should be a centre of expertise and its main role should be to strengthen practical cooperation and information exchange among member states on asylum , promote union law and operational standards to ensure a high degree of uniformity as regards asylum procedures , reception conditions and the assessment of protection needs across the union , monitor the operational and technical application of union law and standards as regards asylum , support the dublin system and provide increased operational and technical support to member states for the management of the asylum and reception systems , in particular those whose systems are subject to disproportionate pressure . ### the tasks of the european asylum support office should be redefined , and to reflect those changes , it should be renamed agency for inter - state cooperation to combat illegal immigration , or aiccii . the agency should be a centre of expertise and its main role should be to help member states to combat all forms of illegal immigration effectively .


### the european union agency for asylum , in close cooperation with the commission and without prejudice to the commission ' s responsibility as guardian of the treaties , should establish a mechanism to monitor and assess the implementation of the ceas , the compliance by member states with operational standards , guidelines and best practices on asylum and to verify the functioning of the asylum and reception systems of member states . the monitoring and assessment should be comprehensive and should be based , in particular , on information provided by member states , information analysis on the situation of asylum developed by the agency , on - site visits and case sampling . the agency should report its findings to the management board which in turn should adopt the report . the executive director should , after consultation with the commission , make draft recommendations to the member state concerned outlining the necessary measures to address serious shortcomings , which in turn shall be adopted by the management board as recommendations . ### the agency for inter - state cooperation to combat illegal immigration should report its findings concerning the progress by member states in managing illegal immigrants to the management board which in turn should adopt the report .


### ‘ renewable self - consumer’ means an active customer as defined in directive [ mdi directive ] who consumes and may store and sell renewable electricity which is generated within his or its premises , including a multi - apartment block , a commercial or shared services site or a closed distribution system , provided that , for non - household renewable self - consumers , those activities do not constitute their primary commercial or professional activity ; ### ‘ renewable self - consumer’ means an active customer or a group of jointly acting customers as defined in directive [ mdi directive ] who consumes and may store and sell renewable electricity which is generated behind the point of his or its connection to the grid , including a multi - apartment block , a residential area , a commercial , industrial or shared services site or a closed distribution system , a branch of the distribution grid , including through aggregators , provided that , for non - household renewable self - consumers , those activities do not constitute their primary commercial or professional activity ;


### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , may be used to determine the share of renewable energy . in both cases , an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled . ### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the share of electricity from renewable energy sources shall be determined according to the amount of cancelled guarantees of origin of renewable electricity issued in accordance with article 19 .


### demonstration projects and installations with an electricity capacity of less than 50 kw shall be allowed to connect to the grid following a notification to the distribution system operator . ### a simplified administrative procedure for connection to the grid may be applied to demonstration projects and installations with an electricity capacity of less than 50 kw . technical codes and safety rules must , however , be complied with , as distribution system operators are responsible for the safety of networks .


### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , may be used to determine the share of renewable energy . in both cases , an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled . ### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy . an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled .


### the commission shall support the high ambition of member states through an enabling framework comprising the enhanced use of union funds , in particular financial instruments , especially in view of reducing the cost of capital for renewable energy projects . ### the commission shall support the high ambition of member states through an enabling framework comprising , inter alia , the exemption of their investments from the stability and growth pact and the enhanced use of union funds , especially in view of reducing the cost of capital for renewable energy projects .


### the minimum share shall be at least equal to 1 . 5% in 2021 , increasing up to at least 6 . 8% in 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part b of annex x . within this total share , the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part a of annex ix shall be at least 0 . 5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 january 2021 , increasing up to at least 3 . 6% by 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part c of annex x . ### the minimum share shall be at least equal to 1 . 5% in 2021 , increasing up to at least 6 . 8% in 2030 . within this total share , the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part a of annex ix shall be at least 0 . 5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 january 2021 , increasing up to at least 3 . 6% by 2030 .


### where an electricity supplier is required to prove the share or quantity of energy from renewable sources in its energy mix for the purposes of article 3 of directive 2009 / 72 / ec , it shall do so by using guarantees of origin . likewise , guarantees of origin created pursuant to article 14 of directive 2012 / 27 / ec shall be used to substantiate any requirement to prove the quantity of electricity produced from high - efficiency cogeneration . member states shall ensure that transmission losses are fully taken into account when guarantees of origin are used to demonstrate consumption of renewable energy or electricity from high efficiency cogeneration . ### where an energy supplier is required to prove the share or quantity of energy from renewable sources in its energy mix for the purposes of article 3 of directive 2009 / 72 / ec , it shall do so by using guarantees of origin . likewise , guarantees of origin created pursuant to article 14 of directive 2012 / 27 / ec shall be used to substantiate any requirement to prove the quantity of electricity produced from high - efficiency cogeneration . member states shall ensure that transmission losses are fully taken into account when guarantees of origin are used to demonstrate consumption of renewable energy or electricity from high efficiency cogeneration .


### subject to state aid rules , in order to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as possible grid constraints . ### subject to state aid rules , in order to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers and renewable self - consumers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as all relevant system integration costs such as grid costs , balancing costs and profile costs .


### the minimum share shall be at least equal to 1 . 5% in 2021 , increasing up to at least 6 . 8% in 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part b of annex x . within this total share , the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part a of annex ix shall be at least 0 . 5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 january 2021 , increasing up to at least 3 . 6% by 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part c of annex x . ### the minimum share shall be at least equal to 12% in 2030 . within this total share , the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas , defined as those obtained from biomass excluding food or feed crops , used cooking oil and animal fats classified as categories 1 and 2 in accordance with regulation nº 106972009 of the european parliament and the council , that comply with the sustainability criteria set out in articles 26 to 2 , shall have an indicative share of 0 . 5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 january 2021 .


### electricity generation from renewable sources should be deployed at the lowest possible cost for consumers and taxpayers . when designing support schemes and when allocating support , member states should seek to minimise the overall system cost of deployment , taking full account of grid and system development needs , the resulting energy mix , and the long term potential of technologies . ### electricity generation from renewable sources should be deployed at the lowest possible cost for consumers and taxpayers . when designing support schemes and when allocating support , member states should seek to minimise the overall system cost of deployment , taking full account of the integration costs such as grid and system development needs , balancing costs , the impact on market value of non - programmability of variable renewables , the resulting energy mix , and the long term potential of technologies .


### member states shall remove administrative barriers to corporate long - term power purchase agreements to finance renewables and facilitate their uptake . ### member states shall promote corporate long - term power purchase agreements to finance renewables and facilitate their uptake .


### support schemes may be opened to cross - border participation through , inter alia , opened tenders , joint tenders , opened certificate schemes or joint support schemes . the allocation of renewable electricity benefiting from support under opened tenders , joint tenders or opened certificate schemes towards member states respective contributions shall be subject to a cooperation agreement setting out rules for the cross - border disbursement of funding , following the principle that energy should be counted towards the member state funding the installation . ### support schemes shall fit to the national energy mix and may be opened to cross - border participation through , inter alia , opened tenders , joint tenders , opened certificate schemes or joint support schemes . the allocation of renewable electricity benefiting from support under opened tenders , joint tenders or opened certificate schemes towards member states respective contributions shall be subject to a cooperation agreement setting out rules for taking different taxes and fees into account and the cross - border disbursement of funding , following the principle that energy should be counted towards the member state funding the installation .


### support for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market and ensure that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximise their market revenues . ### support for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market , taking into account the particularities of renewable self - consumers and renewable energy communities and taking into consideration the situation of low - income households . that approach shall ensure that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximises their market revenues . for renewable cogeneration units , support schemes shall also take into account thermal demand .


### ‘ power purchase agreement’ means a contract under which a legal person agrees to purchase renewable electricity directly from an energy generator ; ### ´renewable power purchase agreement ' means a contract under which a legal or natural person agrees to purchase new additional renewable electricity directly from an energy generator and that does not benefit from a member state support scheme ;


### ‘ repowering’ means renewing power plants producing renewable energy , including the full or partial replacement of installations or operation systems and equipment , in order to replace capacity or increase efficiency ; ### ‘ repowering’ means renewing power plants producing renewable energy , including the full or partial replacement of installations or operation systems and equipment , in order to replace or increase capacity or increase efficiency ;


### member states shall not apply seasonal changes to their standard time or times . ### member states are called upon not to apply seasonal changes to their standard time or times .


### in particular small and medium sized enterprises should benefit from a more coherent approach at union level , since they do not have the necessary resources to cope with high restructuring costs and to take advantage of the more efficient restructuring procedures in some member states . small and medium enterprises , especially when facing financial difficulties , often do not have the resources to hire professional advice , therefore early warning tools should be put in place to alert debtors to the urgency to act . in order to help such enterprises restructure at low cost , model restructuring plans should also be developed nationally and made available online . debtors should be able to use and adapt them to their own needs and to the specificities of their business . ### since small enterprises do not have the necessary resources to cope with high restructuring costs and to take advantage of the more efficient restructuring procedures in some member states , the latter should take into consideration the size of the enterprise in applying this directive and should show de facto tolerance to small enterprises .


### where the asylum and reception systems of a member state are subject to disproportionate pressure that places exceptionally heavy and urgent demands on those systems , the agency shall , at the request of the member state concerned or on its own initiative , organise and coordinate a comprehensive set of operational and technical measures as referred to in article 16 and deploy experts from the asylum intervention pool referred to in article 18 and experts from its own staff to reinforce the asylum and reception systems within a short period of time . ### where the asylum and reception systems of a member state are subject to disproportionate pressure that places exceptionally heavy and urgent demands on those systems , the agency shall , at the request of the member state concerned , organise and coordinate together with the host member state concerned , a comprehensive set of operational and technical measures as referred to in article 16 and deploy experts from the asylum intervention pool referred to in article 18 and experts from its own staff to reinforce the asylum and reception systems within a short period of time .


### this regulation aims at preventing discrimination based on customers ' nationality , place of residence or place of establishment , including geo - blocking , in cross - border commercial transactions between traders and customers relating to the sales of goods and the provision of services within the union . it seeks to address direct as well as indirect discrimination , thus also covering unjustified differences of treatment on the basis of other distinguishing criteria which lead to the same result as the application of criteria directly based on customers ' nationality , place of residence or place of establishment . such other criteria can be applied , in particular , on the basis of information indicating the physical location of customers , such as the ip address used when accessing an online interface , the address submitted for the delivery of goods , the choice language made or the member state where the customer ' s payment instrument has been issued . ### this regulation aims at preventing discrimination based on consumers ' nationality , place of residence or temporary location , including geo - blocking , in cross - border commercial transactions between a trader and a consumer relating to sales of goods and the provision of services within the union . it seeks to address direct as well as indirect discrimination , thus also covering unjustified differences of treatment on the basis of other distinguishing criteria which lead to the same result as the application of criteria directly based on consumers ' nationality , place of residence or temporary location . such other criteria can be applied , in particular , on the basis of information indicating the physical location of consumers , such as the ip address used when accessing an online interface , the address submitted for the delivery of goods , the choice of language made or the member state in which the consumer ' s payment instrument has been issued .


### the payments are in a currency that the payee accepts . ### the payment transaction is in a currency that the trader accepts .


### if the worker is informed by their employer of a work assignment a reasonable period in advance , in accordance with article 3 . ### if the worker is informed by their employer of a work assignment a reasonable period in advance – at least three days – in accordance with article 3 .


### member states shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive or the relevant provisions already in force concerning the rights which are within the scope of this directive . member states shall take all measures necessary to ensure that those penalties are applied . the penalties shall be effective , proportionate and dissuasive . they may take the form of a fine . they may also comprise payment of compensation . ### member states shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this directive or the relevant provisions already in force concerning the rights which are within the scope of this directive . member states shall take all measures necessary to ensure that those penalties are applied . the penalties shall comprise payment of compensation .


### if it is not possible to indicate a fixed work schedule due to the nature of the employment , workers should know how their work schedule will be established , including the time slots in which they may be called to work and the minimum advance notice they should receive . ### if it is not possible to indicate a fixed work schedule due to the nature of the employment , workers must know how their work schedule will be established , particularly the time slots in which they may be called to work and the minimum advance notice they should receive .


### in order to help employers to provide timely information , member states should ensure the availability of templates at national level including relevant and sufficiently comprehensive information on the legal framework applicable . these templates may be further developed at sectoral or local level , by national authorities and social partners . ### in order to help employers to provide timely information , member states should ensure the availability of templates at national level including relevant and sufficiently comprehensive information on the legal framework applicable .


### the employer shall provide a written reply within one month of the request . with respect to natural persons acting as employers and micro , small , or medium enterprises , member states may provide for that deadline to be extended to no more than three months and allow for an oral reply to a subsequent similar request submitted by the same worker if the justification for the reply as regards the situation of the worker remains unchanged . ### member states , in agreement with the social partners , shall lay down the time - frame within which , and the manner in which , the employer is required to provide a reply to the request , in such a way as to allow for the particular circumstances of natural persons acting as employers and of micro , small , or medium - sized enterprises . member states may leave those provisions to be dealt with by collective bargaining .


### the information referred to in article 3 shall be provided individually to the worker in the form of a document at the latest on the first day of the employment relationship . that document may be provided and transmitted electronically as long as it is easily accessible by the worker and can be stored and printed . ### the information referred to in article 3 shall be provided individually to the worker in the form of a document at the latest two working days after the start of the employment relationship .


### where it is intended to replace another food , it does not differ from that food in such a way that its normal consumption would be nutritionally disadvantageous for the consumer . ### where it is intended to replace another food , it does not differ from that food in such a way that its normal consumption would be nutritionally disadvantageous for the consumer . in the case of diverging opinions among the scientific studies referred to in point , a conclusion shall be drawn taking into account the opinion of the efsa .


### those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 27 . ### those delegated acts shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in article 27 .


### where applicable , the conditions of use and specific labelling requirements , which do not mislead the consumer . ### the conditions of use and specific labelling requirements , which do not mislead the consumer .


### the procedure for authorising the placing on the market within the union of a novel food and updating the union list as provided for in article 8 shall end with the adoption of an implementing act in accordance with article 11 . ### the procedure for authorising the placing on the market within the union of a novel food and updating the union list as provided for in article 8 shall end with the adoption of a delegated act in accordance with article 11 .


### where no reasoned safety objections are made in accordance with paragraph 2 within the time - limit laid down in that paragraph , the commission shall authorise the placing on the market within the union of the traditional food concerned and update without delay the union list . ### where no reasoned safety objections are made in accordance with paragraph 2 within the time - limit laid down in that paragraph , the commission shall authorise the placing on the market within the union of the traditional food concerned and update the union list within one month .


### the commission may , by means of implementing acts , specify the procedural steps of the consultation process provided for in paragraph 2 . ### the commission may , by means of delegated acts , specify the procedural steps of the consultation process provided for in paragraph 2 .


### where an applicant withdraws , or has withdrawn , its application , the commission , the member states and efsa shall not disclose confidential information , including information the confidentiality of which is the subject of disagreement between the commission and the applicant . ### where an applicant withdraws , or has withdrawn , its application , the commission , the member states and efsa shall not disclose confidential information , other than that used to demonstrate the safety of the novel food .


### this regulation lays down rules for the placing of novel foods on the market within the union in order to ensure the effective functioning of the internal market while providing a high level of protection of human health and consumer interests . ### this regulation lays down rules for the placing of novel foods on the market within the union in order to ensure the effective functioning of the internal market while providing a high level of protection of human health , animals and consumer interests . the following provisions should apply to products intended for human consumption and for consumption by animals , whether livestock or pets .


### it should be clarified that foods from third countries which are regarded as novel foods in the union should only be considered as traditional foods from third countries when they are derived from primary production as defined in article 3 of regulation no 178 / 2002 , regardless of whether or not they are processed or unprocessed foods . therefore , where a new production process has been applied to this food or where the food contains or consists of ‘ engineered nanomaterials’ as defined in article 2 of regulation no 1169 / 2011 , the food should not be considered to be traditional . ### it should be clarified that foods from third countries which are regarded as novel foods in the union should only be considered as traditional foods from third countries when they are derived from primary production as defined in article 3 of regulation no 178 / 2002 , regardless of whether or not they are processed or unprocessed foods . therefore , where a new process which had not previously been used for this type of food is applied to it or where the food contains or consists of ‘ engineered nanomaterials’ as defined in article 2 of regulation no 1169 / 2011 , the food should not be considered to be traditional .


### novel foods should not be placed on the market or used in food for human consumption unless they are included in a union list of novel foods authorised to be placed on the market within the union . therefore , it is appropriate to establish , by means of an implementing act , a union list of novel foods by entering novel foods already authorised or notified in accordance with article 4 , 5 or 7 of regulation no 258 / 97 in the union list , including any existing authorisation conditions . as those novel foods have already been evaluated for their safety , have been legally produced and marketed in the union and have not given rise to health concerns in the past , the advisory procedure should be used for the initial establishment of the union list . ### novel foods should not be placed on the market or used in food for human consumption unless they are included in a union list of novel foods authorised to be placed on the market within the union . therefore , it is appropriate to establish a union list of novel foods by entering novel foods already authorised or notified in accordance with article 4 , 5 or 7 of regulation no 258 / 97 in the union list , including any existing authorisation conditions .


### the placing on the market within the union of traditional foods from third countries should be facilitated , where the history of safe food use in a third country has been demonstrated . those foods should have been consumed in a third country for at least 25 years as a part of the customary diet within a large part of the population of the country . the history of safe food use should not include non - food uses or uses not related to normal diets . ### the placing on the market within the union of traditional foods from third countries should be restricted and controls on these foods enhanced , even where the history of safe food use in a third country has been demonstrated .


### respect for the rule of law is essential for a high level of mutual trust in the area of justice and home affairs , in particular for effective judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters which is based on mutual recognition . the rule of law is one of the common values enshrined in article teu 2 , and the principle of effective judicial protection provided for in articles 19 teu and 47 of the charter of fundamental rights is a concrete expression of the rule of law . promoting the rule of law by supporting the efforts to improve the independence , quality and efficiency of national justice systems enhances the mutual trust which is indispensable for judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters . ### respect for the rule of law makes it possible to ensure a high level of mutual trust in the area of justice and home affairs , in particular for effective judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters which is based on mutual recognition , without jeopardising or undermining the legitimacy of any democratic calls or support for reforms in these areas .


### eurojust shall exercise its tasks at the request of the competent authorities of the member states or on its own initiative . ### eurojust shall exercise its tasks at the request of the competent authorities of the member states .


### the common eu list of safe countries of origin established by regulation no xxx / xxx 9 should be regularly reviewed by the commission . having regard to the agency ' s expertise , it should assist the commission in reviewing that list . the agency should also , at the request of the commission , provide it with information on specific third countries which could be included in the common eu list of safe countries of origin , and on third countries designated as safe countries of origin or safe third countries or to which the concepts of safe third country , first country of asylum or european safe third country by member states apply . __________________ 9 oj l [ … ] ### the common eu list of safe countries of origin established by regulation no xxx / xxx 9 should be regularly reviewed by the commission , in cooperation with the eeas . having regard to the agency ' s expertise , it should assist the commission in reviewing that list . the agency should also , at the request of the commission , provide it with information on specific third countries which could be included in the common eu list of safe countries of origin , and on third countries designated as safe countries of origin or safe third countries or to which the concepts of safe third country , first country of asylum or european safe third country by member states apply . those countries with which the eu has concluded , or is in the process of concluding a ' migration compact ' under the partnership framework with third countries under the european agenda for migration , will not be automatically considered as safe , but will be assessed following the procedure set out herein . __________________ 9 oj l [ &#8230 ; ]


### the agency shall work closely with the member states ' asylum authorities , with national immigration and asylum services and other national services and with the commission . the agency shall carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to other relevant bodies of the union and shall work closely with those bodies and with the united nations high commissioner for refugees . ### the agency shall work closely with the member states ' asylum authorities , with national immigration and asylum services and other national services and with the commission . the agency shall provide support to the united nations high commissioner for refugees .


### the common eu list of safe countries of origin established by regulation no xxx / xxx9 should be regularly reviewed by the commission . having regard to the agency ' s expertise , it should assist the commission in reviewing that list . the agency should also , at the request of the commission , provide it with information on specific third countries which could be included in the common eu list of safe countries of origin , and on third countries designated as safe countries of origin or safe third countries or to which the member states apply the concepts of safe third country , first country of asylum or european safe third country . __________________ 9 jo l [ … ] ### the common eu list of safe countries of origin established by regulation no xxx / xxx 9 should be regularly reviewed by the commission , in conjunction with the member s tates ' security services . __________________ 9 jo l [ &#8230 ; ]


### the agency shall , on its own initiative or at the request of the commission , and in consultation with the commission , develop operational standards on the implementation of the instruments of union law on asylum and indicators for monitoring compliance with those operational standards as well as guidelines and best practices related to the implementation of the instruments of union law on asylum . the agency shall , following consultation with the commission and after adoption by the management board , communicate those standards , indicators , guidelines or best practices to the member states . ### the agency shall develop operational standards on the implementation of the instruments of union law on asylum and indicators for monitoring compliance with those operational standards as well as guidelines and best practices related to the implementation of the instruments of union law on asylum .


### the european union agency for asylum should cooperate with international organisations , in particular the united nations high commissioner for refugees in matters covered by this regulation in the framework of working arrangements so as to benefit from their expertise and support . to that end , the roles of unhcr and the other relevant international organisations should be fully recognised and those organisations should be involved in the work of the agency . the working arrangements should receive the commission ' s prior approval . ### the european union agency for asylum must cooperate with international organisations , in particular the united nations high commissioner for refugees .


### where the asylum and reception systems of a member state are subject to disproportionate pressure that places exceptionally heavy and urgent demands on those systems , the agency shall , at the request of the member state concerned or on its own initiative , organise and coordinate a comprehensive set of operational and technical measures as referred to in article 16 and deploy experts from the asylum intervention pool referred to in article 18 and experts from its own staff to reinforce the asylum and reception systems within a short period of time . ### where the asylum and reception systems of a member state are subject to disproportionate pressure that places exceptionally heavy and urgent demands on those systems , the agency shall , at the request of the member state concerned , organise and coordinate a comprehensive set of operational and technical measures as referred to in article 16 and deploy experts from the asylum intervention pool referred to in article 18 and experts from its own staff to reinforce the asylum and reception systems within a short period of time .


### the european union agency for asylum should ensure a more structured and streamlined production of information on countries of origin at the level of the european union . it is necessary for the agency to gather information and draw up reports providing for country of origin information by making use of european networks on country of origin information so as to avoid duplication and create synergies with national reports . furthermore , to ensure convergence in the assessment of applications for international protection and the nature and quality of protection granted , the agency should , together with member states , engage in and develop a common analysis providing guidance on the situation in specific countries of origin . ### the european union agency for asylum should ensure a more structured and streamlined production of information on countries of origin at the level of the european union . .


### make use of all relevant sources of information , including its information analysis on the situation of asylum and other information gathered from governmental , non - governmental and international organisations , including through the networks referred to in article 9 , as well as union institutions , agencies , bodies , offices and the european external action service ; ### make use of all relevant sources of information ;


### for the purpose of revealing an applicant’s misconduct , wrongdoing or illegal activity , provided that the alleged acquisition , use or disclosure of the trade secret was necessary for such revelation and that the respondent acted in the public interest ; ### the purpose of revealing an applicant’s misconduct , wrongdoing or illegal activity in an appropriate way , provided that the accused , without being negligent , could assume that the alleged acquisition , use or disclosure of the trade secret was necessary for such revelation ;


### unless otherwise provided for in the work programme referred to in article 27 , the action shall be undertaken in a cooperation of at least three legal entities which are established in at least three different member states and / or associated countries . at least three of these eligible entities established in at least two member states and / or associated countries shall not , during the whole implementation of the action , be effectively controlled , directly or indirectly , by the same entity , and shall not control each other . ### the action shall be undertaken in a cooperation within a consortium of at least three legal entities which are established in at least three different member states and / or associated countries . every consortium that includes legal entities from an associated country shall also include at least two legal entities from two different member states . at least three of these eligible entities established in at least two member states and / or associated countries shall not , during the whole implementation of the action , be controlled , directly or indirectly , by the same entity , and shall not control each other .


### all infrastructure , facilities , assets and resources used in actions financed under the fund shall be located on the territory of the union or associated countries . furthermore , when performing an eligible action , beneficiaries and their subcontractors shall cooperate only with legal entities established in the union or in an associated country and not controlled by non - associated third countries or non - associated third country entities . ### all infrastructure , facilities , assets and resources used in actions financed under the fund shall be located on the territory of the union or associated countries . furthermore , when performing an eligible action , beneficiaries and their subcontractors shall cooperate only with legal entities established in the union or in an associated country and not controlled by non - associated third countries .


### following an integrated approach and in order to contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness and innovation capacity of the union ' s defence industry , a european defence fund should be established . the fund should aim at enhancing the competitiveness , innovation , efficiency and autonomy of the union ' s defence industry thereby contributing to the union ' s strategic autonomy by supporting the cross border cooperation between member states and between enterprises , research centres , national administrations , international organisations and universities , in the research phase and in the development phase of defence products and technologies . to achieve more innovative solutions and an open internal market , the fund should support the cross - border participation of defence small and medium sized enterprises and middle capitalisation companies . ### following an integrated approach and in order to contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness and innovation capacity of the union ' s defence industry , a european defence fund should be established . the fund should aim at enhancing the competitiveness , innovation , efficiency and autonomy of the union ' s defence industry thereby contributing to the strategic autonomy of the member states of the union by supporting the cross border cooperation between member states and between enterprises , research centres , national administrations , international organisations and universities , in the research phase and in the development phase of defence products and technologies . to achieve more innovative solutions and an open internal market , the fund should support the cross - border participation of defence small and medium sized enterprises and middle capitalisation companies .


### applicants and their subcontractors shall be eligible for funding provided that they are established in the union or in an associated country , have their executive management structures in the union or in an associated country and are not controlled by a non - associated third country or by a non - associated third country entity . ### applicants and their subcontractors shall be eligible for funding provided that they are established in the union or in an associated country , have their executive management structures in the union or in an associated country and are not controlled by a non - associated third country .


### increasing citizens ' understanding of the union , its history , cultural heritage and diversity ; ### increasing citizens ' understanding of the union , of the member states of which it is composed , their history , their cultural heritage and their diversity ;


### the justice , rights and values fund and its two underlying funding programmes will focus primarily on people and entities , which contribute to make our common values , rights and rich diversity alive and vibrant . the ultimate objective is to nurture and sustain rights - based , equal , inclusive and democratic society . that includes a vibrant civil society , encouraging people ' s democratic , civic and social participation and fostering the rich diversity of european society , based on our common history and memory . article 11 of the treaty of the european union further specifies that the institutions shall , by appropriate means , give citizens and representative associations the opportunity to make known and publicly exchange their views in all areas of union action . ### the aims of the justice , rights and values fund and its two funding programmes are to help the values of european civilisation thrive , and to contribute to the diversity of the national cultures of the eu member states .


### the general objective of the programme is to protect and promote rights and values as enshrined in the eu treaties , including by supporting civil society organisations , in order to sustain open , democratic and inclusive societies . ### the general objective of the programme is to protect and promote the values of european civilisation , including by supporting the member states and by fostering subsidiarity .


### remembrance activities and critical reflection on europe’s historical memory are necessary to make citizens aware of the common history , as the foundation for a common future , moral purpose and shared values . the relevance of historical , cultural and intercultural aspects should also be taken into account , as well as the links between remembrance and the creation of a european identity and sense of belonging together . ### remembrance activities and critical reflection on europe’s historical memory are necessary to make citizens aware of the history of european civilisation , as the foundation for a common future , moral purpose and shared values . the relevance of historical , cultural and intercultural aspects should also be taken into account , as well as the links between remembrance and the creation of a european identity and sense of belonging together .


### those rights and values must continue to be promoted and enforced and shared among the citizens and peoples and be at the heart of the eu project . therefore , a new justice , rights and values fund , comprising the rights and values and the justice programmes shall be created in the eu budget . at a time where european societies are confronted with extremism , radicalism and divisions , it is more important than ever to promote , strengthen and defend justice , rights and eu values : human rights , respect for human dignity , freedom , democracy , equality , the rule of law . this will have profound and direct implications for political , social , cultural and economic life in the eu . as part of the new fund , the justice programme will continue to support the further development of union area of justice and cross - border cooperation . the rights and values programme will bring together the 2014 - 2020 programme rights , equality and citizenship established by regulation no 1381 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council8and the europe for citizens programme established by council regulation no 390 / 20149 , . _________________ 8 regulation no 1381 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council of 17 december 2013 establishing a rights , equality and citizenship programme for the period 2014 to 2020 9 council regulation no 390 / 2014 of 14 april 2014 establishing the ‘ europe for citizens’ programme for the period 2014 - 2020 ### those rights and values must continue to be promoted and enforced , including by the eu institutions , which too often overlook them , as they lie at the heart of european civilisation .


### preventing and combating all forms of violence against children , young people and women , as well as violence against other groups at risk ; ### preventing and combating all forms of violence ;