### in this context , it is necessary to establish the successor programme for education , training , youth and sport of the 2014 - 2020 erasmus + programme established by regulation no 1288 / 2013 of the european parliament and the council27 . the integrated nature of the 2014 - 2020 programme covering learning in all contexts - formal , non - formal and informal , and at all stages of life - should be maintained to boost flexible learning paths allowing individuals to develop those competences that are necessary to face the challenges of the twenty - first century . _________________ 27 regulation no 1288 / 2013 of the european parliament and the council of 11 december 2013 establishing ' erasmus + ' : the union programme for education , training , youth and sport and repealing decisions no 1719 / 2006 / ec , no 1720 / 2006 / ec and no 1298 / 2008 / ec . ### in this context , it is necessary to establish ‘ erasmus’ , the successor programme for education , training , youth and sport of the 2014 - 2020 erasmus + programme established by regulation no 1288 / 2013 of the european parliament and the council27 . the integrated nature of the 2014 - 2020 programme covering learning in all contexts - formal , non - formal and informal , and at all stages of life - should be maintained to boost flexible learning paths allowing individuals to develop those competences and skills that are necessary to face the challenges of the twenty - first century . _________________ 27 regulation no 1288 / 2013 of the european parliament and the council of 11 december 2013 establishing ' erasmus + ' : the union programme for education , training , youth and sport and repealing decisions no 1719 / 2006 / ec , no 1720 / 2006 / ec and no 1298 / 2008 / ec .


### the programme should be equipped to become an even greater contributor to the implementation of the union ' s policy objectives and priorities in the field of education , training , youth and sport . a coherent lifelong learning approach is central to managing the different transitions that people will face over the course of their life cycle . in taking this approach forward , the next programme should maintain a close relationship with the overall strategic framework for union policy cooperation in the field of education , training and youth , including the policy agendas for schools , higher education , vocational education and training and adult learning , while reinforcing and developing new synergies with other related union programmes and policy areas . ### the programme should be equipped to become an even greater contributor to the implementation of the union ' s policy objectives and priorities in the field of education , training , youth and sport . a coherent lifelong learning approach is central to managing the different transitions that people will face over the course of their life cycle . in taking this approach forward , the next programme should maintain a close relationship with the overall strategic framework for union policy cooperation in the field of education , training and youth , including the policy agendas for schools , higher education , vocational education and training and adult learning , while reinforcing synergies with other related union programmes and policy areas .


### the programme is a key component of building a european education area . it should be equipped to contribute to the successor of the strategic framework for cooperation in education and training and the skills agenda for europe28 with a shared commitment to the strategic importance of skills and competences for sustaining jobs , growth and competitiveness . it should support member states in reaching the goals of the paris declaration on promoting citizenship and the common values of freedom , tolerance and non - discrimination through education29 . _________________ 28 com 381 final . 29 [ reference ] . ### the programme is a key component of building a european education area . it should be equipped to contribute to the successor of the strategic framework for cooperation in education and training and the skills agenda for europe28 with a shared commitment to the strategic importance of skills and competences for sustaining jobs , growth and competitiveness . it should support member states in reaching the goals of the paris declaration on promoting citizenship and the common values of freedom , tolerance and non - discrimination through education29 , drawn up in response to the terrorist attacks with the aim , in particular , of preventing radicalisation . _________________ 28 com 381 final . 29 [ reference ] .


### the programme should take into account the union work plan for sport which is the cooperation framework at union level in the field of sport for the years [ … ] 32 . coherence and complementarity should be ensured between the union work plan and actions supported under the programme in the field of sport . there is a need to focus in particular on grassroots sports , taking into account the important role that sports play in promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyle , social inclusion and equality . the programme should contribute to promote european common values through sport , good governance and integrity in sport , as well as education , training and skills in and through sport . _________________ 32 [ reference ] . ### the programme should take into account the union work plan for sport which is the cooperation framework at union level in the field of sport for the years [ … ] 32 . coherence and complementarity should be ensured between the union work plan and actions supported under the programme in the field of sport in order to avoid duplication and the lack of clarity that would result . there is a need to focus in particular on grassroots sports , taking into account the important role that sports play in promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyle , social inclusion and equality . the programme should contribute to promote european common values through sport , good governance and integrity in sport , as well as education , training and skills in and through sport . _________________ 32 [ reference ] .


### the programme should contribute to strengthening the union ' s innovation capacity notably by supporting mobility and cooperation activities that foster the development of competences in forward - looking study fields or disciplines such as science , technology , engineering and mathematics , climate change , the environment , clean energy , artificial intelligence , robotics , data analysis and arts / design , to help people develop knowledge , skills and competences needed for the future . ### the programme should contribute to strengthening the union ' s innovation capacity notably by supporting mobility and cooperation activities that foster creativity and the development of competences in forward - looking study fields or disciplines such as science , technology , engineering and mathematics , climate change , the environment , clean energy , artificial intelligence , robotics , data analysis and arts / design , to help people develop knowledge , skills and competences needed for the future .


### the programme should reinforce existing learning mobility opportunities , notably in those sectors where the programme could have the biggest efficiency gains , to broaden its reach and meet the high unmet demand . this should be done notably by increasing and facilitating mobility activities for higher education students , school pupils and learners in vocational education and training . mobility of low - skilled adult learners should be embedded in partnerships for cooperation . mobility opportunities for youth participating in non - formal learning activities should also be extended to reach more young people . mobility of staff in education , training , youth and sport should also be reinforced , considering its leverage effect . in line with the vision of a true european education area , the programme should also boost mobility and exchanges and promote student participation in educational and cultural activities by supporting digitalisation of processes , such as the european student card . this initiative can be an important step in making mobility for all a reality first by enabling higher education institutions to send and receive more exchange students while still enhancing quality in student mobility and also by facilitating students ' access to various services before arriving at the institution abroad . ### the programme should reinforce existing learning mobility opportunities , notably in those sectors where the programme could have the biggest efficiency gains , to broaden its reach and meet the high unmet demand . this should be done notably by increasing and facilitating mobility activities for higher education students , school pupils and learners in vocational education and training . mobility of low - skilled adult learners should be embedded in partnerships for cooperation . mobility opportunities for youth participating in non - formal learning activities should also be extended to reach more young people . mobility of staff in education , training , youth and sport should also be reinforced , considering its leverage effect . in line with the vision of a true european education area , the programme should also boost mobility and exchanges and promote student participation in educational and cultural activities by supporting digitalisation of processes , such as the european student card . this initiative can be an important step in making the opportunity of mobility for all a reality first by enabling higher education institutions to send and receive more exchange students while still enhancing quality in student mobility and also by facilitating students ' access to various services before arriving at the institution abroad .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and achieve the united nations ' sustainable development goals , this programme will contribute to mainstream climate action in the union ' s policies and to the achievement of an overall target of 25% of the union budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the programme ' s preparation and implementation and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review process . ### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and achieve the united nations ' sustainable development goals , this programme will contribute , without prejudice to its objectives , to mainstream climate action in the union ' s policies and to the achievement of an overall target of 25% of the union budget expenditures supporting climate objectives , in particular by promoting short mobility . relevant actions will be identified during the programme ' s preparation and implementation and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review process .


### third countries which are members of the european economic area may participate in the programme in the framework of the cooperation established under the european economic area agreement , which provides for the implementation of union programmes by a decision under that agreement . third countries may also participate on the basis of other legal instruments . this regulation should grant the necessary rights for and access to the authorising officer responsible , the european anti - fraud office as well as the european court of auditors to comprehensively exert their respective competences . the full participation of third countries in the programme should be subject to the conditions laid down in specific agreements covering the participation of the third country concerned to the programme . full participation entails , moreover , the obligation to set up a national agency and managing some of the actions of the programme at decentralised level . individuals and entities from third countries that are not associated to the programme should be able to participate in some of the actions of the programme , as defined in the work programme and the calls for proposals published by the commission . when implementing the programme , specific arrangements could be taken into account with regard to individuals and entities from european microstates . ### third countries which are members of the european economic area may participate in the programme in the framework of the cooperation established under the european economic area agreement , which provides for the implementation of union programmes by a decision under that agreement . this regulation should grant the necessary rights for and access to the authorising officer responsible , the european anti - fraud office as well as the european court of auditors to comprehensively exert their respective competences . the full participation of eea - member third countries in the programme should be subject to the conditions laid down in specific agreements covering the participation of the third country concerned to the programme . full participation entails , moreover , the obligation to set up a national agency and managing some of the actions of the programme at decentralised level . when implementing the programme , specific arrangements could be taken into account with regard to individuals and entities from european microstates .


### appropriate outreach , publicity and dissemination of the opportunities and results of the actions supported by the programme should be ensured at european , national and local level . the outreach , publicity and dissemination activities should rely on all the implementing bodies of the programme , including , when relevant , with the support of other key stakeholders . ### appropriate outreach and dissemination among target groups of the opportunities and results of the actions supported by the programme should be ensured at european , national and local level . the outreach and dissemination activities should rely on all the implementing bodies of the programme .


### in order to simplify requirements for beneficiaries , simplified grants in the form of lump - sums , unit - costs and flat - rate funding should be used to the maximum possible extent . the simplified grants to support the mobility actions of the programme , as defined by the commission , should take into account the living and subsistence costs of the host country . the commission and national agencies of the sending countries should have the possibility to adjust these simplified grants on the basis of objective criteria , in particular to ensure access to people with fewer opportunities . in accordance with national law , member states should also be encouraged to exempt those grants from any taxes and social levies . the same exemption should apply to public or private entities awarding such financial support to the individuals concerned . ### in order to simplify requirements for beneficiaries , simplified grants in the form of lump - sums , unit - costs and flat - rate funding should be used to the maximum possible extent . the simplified grants to support the mobility actions of the programme , as defined by the commission , should take into account the living and subsistence costs of the host country and the costs of travel between the sending country and the host country . the commission and national agencies of the sending countries should have the possibility to adjust these simplified grants on the basis of objective criteria , in particular to ensure access to people with fewer opportunities . in accordance with national law , member states should also be encouraged to exempt those grants from any taxes and social levies . the same exemption should apply to public or private entities awarding such financial support to the individuals concerned .


### ' people with fewer opportunities ' means people facing obstacles that prevent them from having effective access to opportunities under the programme for economic , social , cultural , geographical or health reasons , a migrant background or for reasons such as disability and educational difficulties ; ### ' people with fewer opportunities ' means people facing obstacles that prevent them from having effective access to opportunities under the programme for economic , social , cultural , geographical or health reasons , or for reasons such as disability and educational difficulties ;


### the general objective of the programme is to support the educational , professional and personal development of people in education , training , youth and sport , in europe and beyond , thereby contributing to sustainable growth , jobs and social cohesion and to strengthening european identity . as such , the programme shall be a key instrument for building a european education area , supporting the implementation of the european strategic cooperation in the field of education and training , with its underlying sectoral agendas , advancing youth policy cooperation under the union youth strategy 2019 - 2027 and developing the european dimension in sport . ### the general objective of the programme is to support the educational , professional and personal development of people in education , training , youth and sport , in europe , thereby contributing to sustainable growth , jobs and social cohesion and to strengthening european identity . as such , the programme shall be a key instrument for supporting the implementation of the european strategic cooperation in the field of education and training , with its underlying sectoral agendas , advancing youth policy cooperation under the union youth strategy 2019 - 2027 and developing the european dimension in sport .


### the large portion of plastic stemming from abandoned , lost and discarded fishing gear containing plastic in marine litter indicates that the existing legal requirements46do not provide sufficient incentives to return such fishing gear to shore for collection and treatment . the indirect fee system envisaged under union law on port reception facilities for the delivery of waste from ships takes away the incentive for ships to discharge their waste at sea , and ensures a right of delivery . that system should , however , be supplemented by further financial incentives for fishermen to bring their fishing gear waste on shore to avoid any potential increase in the indirect waste fee to be paid . as plastic components of fishing gear have a high recycling potential , member states should , in line with the polluter pays principle , introduce extended producer responsibility for fishing gear containing plastic to facilitate separate collection of waste fishing gear and to finance sound waste management of such fishing gear , in particular recycling . _________________ 46 council regulation no 1224 / 2009 , directive 2000 / 59 / ec and directive 2008 / 98 / ec . ### the large portion of plastic stemming from lost and discarded fishing gear containing plastic in marine litter indicates that the existing legal requirements46 do not provide sufficient incentives to return such fishing gear to shore for collection and treatment . the indirect fee system envisaged under union law on port reception facilities for the delivery of waste from ships takes away the incentive for ships to discharge their waste at sea , and ensures a right of delivery . that system should , however , be supplemented by further financial incentives for fishermen to bring their fishing gear waste on shore to avoid any potential increase in the indirect waste fee to be paid . as plastic components of fishing gear have a high recycling potential , member states should , in line with the polluter pays principle , introduce extended producer responsibility for fishing gear containing plastic to facilitate separate collection of waste fishing gear and to finance sound waste management of such fishing gear , in particular recycling . _________________ 46 council regulation no 1224 / 2009 , directive 2000 / 59 / ec and directive 2008 / 98 / ec .


### pursuant to article 3 teu , the union is to work for a highly competitive social market economy , aiming at full employment and social progress and promote social justice and protection . in accordance with article 9 tfeu , the union , in defining and implementing its policies and activities , is to take into account requirements linked to , inter alia , the promotion of a high level of employment , the guarantee of an adequate social protection , the fight against social exclusion , and the promotion of a high level of education , training and the protection of human health . ### pursuant to article 3 teu , the union should have worked for a highly competitive social market economy , aiming at full employment and social progress and promote social justice and protection . in accordance with article 9 tfeu , the union , in defining and implementing its policies and activities , should have taken into account requirements linked to , inter alia , the promotion of a high level of employment , the guarantee of an adequate social protection , the fight against social exclusion , and the promotion of a high level of education , training and the protection of human health .


### to ensure they can benefit from a fair and effective internal market , the authority should promote opportunities for individuals and employers to be mobile or provide services and recruit anywhere within the union . this includes supporting the cross - border mobility of individuals by facilitating access to cross - border mobility services , such as the cross - border matching of jobs , traineeships and apprenticeships and by promoting mobility schemes such as ' your first eures job ' or ' erasmuspro’ . the authority should also contribute to improving transparency of information , including on rights and obligations stemming from union law , and access to services to individuals and employers , in cooperation with other union information services , such as your europe advice , and taking full advantage and ensuring consistency with the your europe portal , which will form the backbone of the future single digital gateway53 . _________________ 53 regulation [ single digital gateway – com256 ] ### to ensure they can benefit from a fair and effective internal market , the authority should promote opportunities for individuals and employers to be uprooted and undergo economic exile , or provide services and recruit anywhere within the union . this includes supporting the cross - border mobility of individuals by facilitating access to cross - border mobility services , such as the cross - border matching of jobs , traineeships and apprenticeships and by promoting mobility schemes such as ' your first eures job ' or ' erasmuspro’ . the authority should also contribute to improving transparency of information , including on rights and obligations stemming from union law , and access to services to individuals and employers , in cooperation with other union information services , such as your europe advice , and taking full advantage and ensuring consistency with the your europe portal , which will form the backbone of the future single digital gateway53 . _________________ 53 regulation [ single digital gateway – com256 ]


### in order to keep track of emerging trends , challenges , or loopholes in the areas of labour mobility and social security coordination , the authority should develop an analytical and risk assessment capacity . this should involve carrying out labour market analyses and studies , as well as peer reviews . the authority should monitor potential imbalances in terms of skills and cross - border labour flows , including their possible impact on territorial cohesion . the authority should also support the risk assessment referred to in article 10 of directive 2014 / 67 / eu . the authority should ensure synergies and complementarity with other union agencies or services or networks . this should include seeking input from solvit and similar services on recurring problems encountered by individuals and businesses in the exercise of their rights in the areas under the scope of the authority . the authority should also facilitate and streamline data collection activities provided for by the relevant union laws within its scope . this does not entail the creation of new reporting obligations for member states . ### in order to keep track of emerging trends , challenges , or loopholes in the areas of labour mobility and social security coordination , the authority should develop an analytical and risk assessment capacity . this should involve carrying out labour market analyses and studies , as well as peer reviews . the authority should monitor imbalances in terms of skills and cross - border labour flows , including their inevitable impact on territorial cohesion . the authority should also support the risk assessment referred to in article 10 of directive 2014 / 67 / eu . the authority should ensure synergies and complementarity with other union agencies or services or networks . this should include seeking input from solvit and similar services on recurring problems encountered by individuals and businesses in the exercise of their rights in the areas under the scope of the authority . the authority should also facilitate and streamline data collection activities provided for by the relevant union laws within its scope . this does not entail the creation of new reporting obligations for member states .


### the authority shall facilitate cooperation between member states and support their effective compliance with cooperation obligations , including on information exchange , as defined in union law within the scope of the authority’s competences . ### the authority shall facilitate cooperation between member states and support their effective compliance with cooperation obligations , including on information exchange , as defined in union law within the scope of the authority’s competences . this information must also make it possible to measure the economic impact of the regular arrival of workers from other member states , in order to anticipate any risk of unfair social competition through the posting of workers .


### at the request of one or several member states , the authority shall coordinate concerted or joint inspections in the areas under the scope of the authority ' s competences . the request may be submitted by one or several member states . the authority may also suggest to the authorities of the member states concerned that they perform a concerted or joint inspection . ### at the request of one or several member states , based on indicators that enable the economic impact of cross - border labour mobility between member states to be measured , the authority shall coordinate concerted or joint inspections in the areas under the scope of the authority ' s competences . the request may be submitted by one or several member states . the authority may also suggest to the authorities of the member states concerned that they perform a concerted or joint inspection .


### the authority shall assess risks and carry out analyses regarding cross - border labour flows , such as labour market imbalances , sector - specific threats and recurring problems encountered by individuals and employers in relation to cross - border mobility . for that purpose , the authority shall ensure complementarity with , and draw on the expertise of , other union agencies or services , including in the areas of skills forecasting and health and safety at work . upon a request by the commission , the authority may carry out focused in - depth analyses and studies to investigate specific labour mobility issues . ### the authority shall assess risks and carry out analyses regarding cross - border labour flows , such as labour market imbalances , sector - specific threats and recurring problems encountered by individuals and employers in relation to cross - border mobility . for that purpose , the authority shall ensure complementarity with , and draw on the expertise of , other union agencies or services , including in the areas of skills forecasting and health and safety at work . upon a request by the commission , the authority may carry out focused in - depth analyses and studies to investigate specific labour mobility issues and identify necessary corrective measures where cross - border labour mobility poses a risk to the economy or the labour market within member states .


### there are many challenges in setting up all the necessary electronic systems by 2020 both for the commission and for the member states . first , in some cases , harmonising the data elements on the basis of internationally accepted data models as required by the code demands a full reprogramming of existing electronic systems and investments both in financial terms and in terms of time that are greater than foreseen at the time of adoption of the code . second , as the electronic systems are closely interlinked , introducing them in the right order is important . delays in the development of one system will therefore unavoidably lead to delays in the development of others . third , the code was adopted in 2013 while the rules supplementing and implementing it , namely commission delegated regulation 2015 / 244610 , commission implementing regulation 2015 / 244711 and commission delegated regulation 2016 / 34112 , were only adopted in 2015 and 2016 . the discussions on those rules took much longer than expected and this has caused a delay in setting out the functional and technical specifications necessary for the development of the electronic systems . _________________ 10 commission delegated regulation 2015 / 2446 of 28 july 2015 supplementing regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council as regards detailed rules concerning certain provisions of the union customs code . 11 commission implementing regulation 2015 / 2447 of 24 november 2015 laying down detailed rules for implementing certain provisions of regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council laying down the union customs code . 12 commission delegated regulation 2016 / 341 of 17 december 2015 supplementing regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council as regards transitional rules for certain provisions of the union customs code where the relevant electronic systems are not yet operational and amending delegated regulation 2015 / 2446 . ### the commission and the member states should have known that this task , the setting up all the necessary electronic systems by 2020 , was a major challenge . harmonising the data elements on the basis of internationally accepted data models as required by the code in some cases demanded not only a full reprogramming of existing electronic systems , but also investments both in financial terms and in terms of time that are greater than foreseen at the time of adoption of the code . another important point is to respect the correct order in introducing the electronic systems as they are closely interlinked . delays in the development of one system will therefore unavoidably lead to delays in the development of others . however , the code was already adopted in 2013 while the rules supplementing and implementing it , namely commission delegated regulation 2015 / 244610 , commission implementing regulation 2015 / 244711 and commission delegated regulation 2016 / 34112 , were only adopted in 2015 and 2016 . the european parliament disapproves of the fact that discussions on those rules took much longer than expected and this in turn has caused a delay in setting out the functional and technical specifications necessary for the development of the electronic systems . all of these delays suggest that the rules on the basis of which the electronic systems were designed , developed and set up , as well as the systems themselves , are now completely obsolete and lag far behind the current state of technical progress and therefore pose an unquantifiable but high risk for data security . _________________ 10 commission delegated regulation 2015 / 2446 of 28 july 2015 supplementing regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council as regards detailed rules concerning certain provisions of the union customs code . 11 commission implementing regulation 2015 / 2447 of 24 november 2015 laying down detailed rules for implementing certain provisions of regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council laying down the union customs code . 12 commission delegated regulation 2016 / 341 of 17 december 2015 supplementing regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council as regards transitional rules for certain provisions of the union customs code where the relevant electronic systems are not yet operational and amending delegated regulation 2015 / 2446 .


### it has become evident that , while most systems will be deployed by 2020 , others can only be partially completed by that date . ### the european parliament also notes with disapproval the information provided by the commission that , while most systems will be deployed by 2020 , others can only be partially completed by that date , as this shows a lack of responsibility in dealing with the budget .


### means other than the electronic data - processing techniques referred to in article 6 may be used on a transitional basis , until 31 december 2025 at the latest , where the electronic systems which are necessary for the application of the following provisions of the code are not yet operational : ### means other than the electronic data - processing techniques referred to in article 6 may be used on a transitional basis , until 31 december 2025 at the very latest , where the electronic systems which are necessary for the application of the following provisions of the code are not yet operational :


### have premises in which it keeps its core business documents , in particular its commercial contracts , accounting documents , personnel management documents , labour contracts , documents containing data relating to driving time and rest and any other document to which the competent authority must have access in order to verify compliance with the conditions laid down in this regulation ; ; ### have premises in which it keeps its core business documents , in particular its commercial contracts , accounting documents , personnel management documents , labour contracts , documents containing data relating to driving time and rest , to cabotage and to posting , as well as any other document to which the competent authority must have access in order to verify compliance with the conditions laid down in this regulation ; ;


### each member state shall organise checks in such a way that , as from 1 january 2020 , in every calendar year at least 2 % of all cabotage operations performed in their territory are checked . they shall increase the percentage to at least 3 % from 1 january 2022 . the basis for the calculation of that percentage shall be the total cabotage activity in the member state in terms of tonnes - kilometres in year t - 2 , as reported by eurostat . ### each member state shall be responsible for pursuing an effective enforcement policy in its territory . as part of that policy , each member state shall organise checks in such a way that , as from 1 january 2020 , in every calendar year at least 4% of all cabotage operations performed in their territory are checked . they shall increase the percentage to at least 6% from 1 january 2022 . the basis for the calculation of that percentage shall be the total cabotage activity in the member state in terms of tonnes - kilometres in year t - 2 , as reported by eurostat .


### member states shall , at least three times per year , undertake concerted roadside checks on cabotage operations . such checks shall be undertaken at the same time by the national authorities in charge of enforcing the rules in the field of road transport of two or more member states , each operating in its own territory . the national contact points designated in accordance with article 18 of regulation no 1071 / 2009 of the european parliament and of the council**** shall exchange information on the number and type of infringements detected after the concerted roadside checks have taken place . ### member states shall , at least six times per year , undertake concerted roadside checks on cabotage operations . the checksmay coincide with checks performed in accordance with article 5 of directive 2006 / 22 / ec . such checks shall be undertaken at the same time by the national authorities in charge of enforcing the rules in the field of road transport of two or more member states , each operating in its own territory . the national contact points designated in accordance with article 18 of regulation no 1071 / 2009 of the european parliament and of the council**** shall exchange information on the number and type of infringements detected after the concerted roadside checks have taken place .


### companies have less interest in developing veterinary medicinal products for markets of a limited size . in order to promote the availability of veterinary medicinal products within the union for those markets , in some cases it should be possible to grant marketing authorisations without a complete application dossier having been submitted , on the basis of a benefit - risk assessment of the situation and , where necessary , subject to specific obligations . in particular , this should be possible in the case of veterinary medicinal products for use in minor species or for the treatment or prevention of diseases that occur infrequently or in limited geographical areas . ### companies have less interest in developing veterinary medicinal products for markets of a limited size , which are subject to the same regulatory constraints as those of larger markets . in order to promote the availability of veterinary medicinal products within the union for species affected by therapeutic gaps , in some cases it should be possible to grant marketing authorisations without a complete application dossier having been submitted , on the basis of a benefit - risk assessment of the situation and , where necessary , subject to specific obligations . in particular , this should be possible in the case of veterinary medicinal products for use in minor species or for the treatment or prevention of non - contagious diseases that occur infrequently or in limited geographical areas . these provisions shall not apply to antimicrobials . member states must remain able to ban the use of medicinal products authorised in accordance with such procedures .


### the target species ; ### the target species and the time required for elimination from the food chain for food - producing animals , for each species ;


### the target species , the dosage for each species , the method and route of administration and advice on correct administration , if necessary ; ### the target species , the dosage for each species , the method and route of administration and advice on correct administration , if necessary ; whether it can be used for organically - farmed animals ;


### if a member state raises , within the time period referred to in article 46 or article 48 its objections to the assessment report , proposed summary of product characteristics or proposed labelling and package leaflet , a detailed statement of the reasons shall be provided to the reference member state , the other member states and the applicant . the points of disagreement shall be referred without delay to the coordination group for mutual recognition and decentralised procedures set up by article 142 by the reference member state . ### if a member state raises , within the time period referred to in article 46 or article 48 its objections to the assessment report , proposed summary of product characteristics or proposed labelling and package leaflet , a detailed statement of the reasons shall be provided to the reference member state , the other member states and the applicant . the points of disagreement shall be notified without delay to the coordination group for mutual recognition and decentralised procedures set up by article 142 by the reference member state .


### in the event of an opinion in favour of granting a marketing authorisation , the reference member state shall record the agreement of member states , close the procedure and inform member states and the applicant accordingly . ### in the event of an opinion in favour of granting a marketing authorisation , the reference member state shall record the agreement of member states , close the procedure and inform member states and the applicant accordingly . the member state which raised the objection may maintain a prohibition and ask the applicant to submit a national application .


### allocating reference numbers to the pharmacovigilance system master file and communicating the reference number of the pharmacovigilance master file of each product to the product database ; ### allocating a reference number to the pharmacovigilance system master file and communicating the reference number of the pharmacovigilance master file of each product to the product database ;


### a hyperlink to the website of the member state of establishment set up in accordance with paragraph 5 ; ### a hyperlink to the website of the member state of establishment set up in accordance with paragraph 5 ; in all eu languages


### each member state shall set up a website regarding sale of veterinary medicinal products at a distance , providing at least the following information : ### each member state shall set up a website regarding sale of veterinary medicinal products at a distance , providing at least the following information , in all eu languages :


### by way of derogation from article 111 , where there is no authorised veterinary medicinal product in a member state for a condition affecting a non - food producing animal , the veterinarian responsible may , under his / her direct personal responsibility and in particular to avoid causing unacceptable suffering , exceptionally treat the animal concerned with the following : ### by way of derogation from article 111 , where there is no authorised veterinary medicinal product in a member state for a condition affecting the life expectancy of a non - food producing animal , the veterinarian responsible may , in the interest of animal health and welfare , exceptionally treat the animal concerned with the following :


### the european food safety authority has confirmed that surrogate dams used in cloning suffer in particular from placenta dysfunctions contributing to increased levels of miscarriages21 . this contributes , amongst other things , to the low efficiency of the technique , 6 to 15 % for bovine and 6 % for porcine species , and the need to implant embryo clones into several dams to obtain one clone . in addition , clone abnormalities and unusually large offspring result in difficult births and neonatal deaths . __________________ 21 scientific opinion of the scientific committee on food safety , animal health and welfare and environmental impact of animals derived from cloning by somatic cell nucleus transfer and their offspring and products obtained from those animals http : / / www . efsa . europa . eu / en / topics / topic / cloning . htm . ### the european food safety authority has confirmed that surrogate dams used in cloning suffer in particular from placenta dysfunctions contributing to increased levels of miscarriages21 . surrogate dams suffer in particular from placenta dysfunctions contributing to increased levels of miscarriages21 . this contributes , amongst other things , to the low efficiency of the technique , 6 to 15 % for bovine and 6 % for porcine species , and the need to implant embryo clones into several dams to obtain one clone . in addition , clone abnormalities and unusually large offspring result in difficult births and neonatal deaths . what is more , surrogate dams have to undergo extensive hormonal treatments which undermine their general well - being and involve the use of drugs which pose a threat to animal and human health and to the environment when excreted . __________________ 21 scientific opinion of the scientific committee on food safety , animal health and welfare and environmental impact of animals derived from cloning by somatic cell nucleus transfer and their offspring and products obtained from those animals http : / / www . efsa . europa . eu / en / topics / topic / cloning . htm .


### this directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , and notably the freedom to conduct a business and the freedom of the sciences . this directive has to be implemented in accordance with these rights and principles . ### this directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , notably the freedom to conduct a business and the freedom of the sciences and , above all , consumers’ freedom of choice and food safety . this directive has to be implemented in accordance with these rights and principles and with article 13 of the lisbon treaty . these provisions accord the same importance to animal welfare as to the other fundamental principles referred to in that title of the treaty , i . e . the promotion of equality between men and women , the guarantee of adequate social protection , the protection of human health , the combating of discrimination , the promotion of sustainable development and the protection of consumers and personal data . what is more , paragraph 17 of parliament’s resolution of 4 july 2012 on the european union strategy for the protection and welfare of animals 2012–2015 states it should be obligatory to inform consumers whether an imported product , or a product containing an imported product , is made from animals that were kept under conditions different from those required by european animal welfare regulations .


### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union . ### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union . however , no union government has called for a change to the current provisions .


### this directive should apply from 1 april 2019 , so that the last summer - time period subject to the rules of directive 2000 / 84 / ec should start , in every member state , at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 31 march 2019 . member states that , after that summer - time period , intend to adopt a standard time corresponding to the time applied during the winter season in accordance with directive 2000 / 84 / ec should change their standard time at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 27 october 2019 , so that similar and lasting changes occurring in different member states take place simultaneously . it is desirable that member states take the decisions on the standard time that each of them will apply as from 2019 in a concerted manner . ### this directive should apply from 1 april 2020 , so that the last summer - time period subject to the rules of directive 2000 / 84 / ec should start , in every member state , at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 31 march 2020 . member states that , after that summer - time period , intend to adopt a standard time corresponding to the time applied during the winter season in accordance with directive 2000 / 84 / ec should change their standard time at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 25 october 2020 , so that similar and lasting changes occurring in different member states take place simultaneously . it is desirable that member states take the decisions on the standard time that each of them will apply as from 2020 in a concerted manner .


### pursuant to articles 9 and 10 of regulation no 1380 / 2013 , multi - annual plans are to be based on scientific , technical and economic advice . in accordance with those provisions , the multi - annual plan provided for in this regulation should contain objectives , quantifiable targets with clear timeframes , conservation reference points , safeguards and technical measures designed to avoid and reduce unwanted catches . ### pursuant to articles 9 and 10 of regulation no 1380 / 2013 , multi - annual plans are to be based on scientific , technical and economic advice . in accordance with those provisions , the multi - annual plan provided for in this regulation should contain objectives , quantifiable targets with clear timeframes , conservation reference points , safeguards and technical measures designed to avoid and reduce unwanted catches . the same robust approach will , of course , be taken with the reduction of pollution from land - based sources or maritime activities and which makes fish stocks acutely vulnerable .


### pursuant to articles 9 and 10 of regulation no 1380 / 2013 , multi - annual plans are to be based on scientific , technical and economic advice . in accordance with those provisions , the multi - annual plan provided for in this regulation should contain objectives , quantifiable targets with clear timeframes , conservation reference points , safeguards and technical measures designed to avoid and reduce unwanted catches . ### pursuant to articles 9 and 10 of regulation no 1380 / 2013 , multi - annual plans are to be based on scientific , technical and economic advice . they must not ignore the social consequences of the objectives set . in accordance with those provisions , the multi - annual plan provided for in this regulation should contain objectives , quantifiable targets with clear timeframes , conservation reference points , safeguards and technical measures designed to avoid and reduce unwanted catches .


### the objective of the plan provided for in this regulation should be to contribute to the achievement of the cfp , and in particular , reaching and maintaining msy for the target stocks , implementing the landing obligation for demersal stocks subject to minimum conservation reference size , and promoting a fair standard of living for those who depend on fishing activities , bearing in mind coastal fisheries and socio - economic aspects . it should also implement the ecosystem - based approach to fisheries management in order to minimise negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem . it should be coherent with the union’s environmental legislation , in particular the objective of achieving good environmental status by 2020 and the objectives of directive 2009 / 147 / ec29and council directive 92 / 43 / eec30 . _________________ 28 directive 2008 / 56 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 17 june 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy 29 directive 2009 / 147 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 30 november 2009 on the conservation of wild birds . 30 council directive 92 / 43 / eec of 21 may 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora . ### the objective of the plan provided for in this regulation should be to contribute to the achievement of the cfp , and in particular , reaching and maintaining msy for the target stocks and promoting a fair standard of living for those who depend on fishing activities , bearing in mind coastal fisheries and related socio - economic aspects . it should also implement the ecosystem - based approach to fisheries management in order to minimise negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem . it should be coherent with the union’s environmental legislation , in particular the objective of achieving good environmental status by 2020 and the objectives of directive 2009 / 147 / ec29 and council directive 92 / 43 / eec30 . _________________ 28 directive 2008 / 56 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 17 june 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy . 29 directive 2009 / 147 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 30 november 2009 on the conservation of wild birds . 30 council directive 92 / 43 / eec of 21 may 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora .


### it is appropriate to establish the target fishing mortality that corresponds to the objective of reaching and maintaining msy as ranges of values which are consistent with achieving msy . those ranges , based on best available scientific advice , are necessary to provide flexibility to take account of developments in the scientific advice , contribute to the implementation of the landing obligation and accommodate mixed fisheries . based on this plan , they are derived to deliver no more than 5 % reduction in the long - term yield as compared with msy . in addition , the upper limit of the fmsy range is capped with the aim that the probability of the stock falling below the biomass limit reference point is no more than 5 % . ### it is appropriate to establish the target fishing mortality that corresponds to the objective of reaching and maintaining msy as ranges of values which are consistent with achieving msy . those ranges , based on best available scientific advice , are necessary to provide flexibility to take account of developments in the scientific advice and accommodate mixed fisheries . based on this plan , they are derived to deliver no more than 5 % reduction in the long - term yield as compared with msy . in addition , the upper limit of the fmsy range is capped with the aim that the probability of the stock falling below the biomass limit reference point is no more than 5 % .


### where the scientific advice shows that the spawning biomass of any of the stocks concerned is below the precautionary reference point , remedial measures shall be adopted to ensure the rapid return of the stocks concerned to levels above those capable of producing msy . in particular , by way of derogation from article 4 and , fishing opportunities shall be set at levels consistent with a fishing mortality that is reduced within the range of fmsy for the most vulnerable stock , taking into account the decrease in biomass . ### where the scientific advice shows that the spawning biomass of any of the stocks concerned is below the precautionary reference point , remedial measures shall be adopted to ensure the rapid return of the stocks concerned to levels above those capable of producing msy . in particular , by way of derogation from article&#160 ; 4 and&#160 ; , fishing opportunities shall be set at levels consistent with a fishing mortality that is reduced within the range of fmsy for the most vulnerable stock , taking into account the decrease in biomass , provided that fishers affected by those closures are given fair compensation .


### each year , in accordance with the scientific advice , the council shall set a maximum allowable fishing effort for each effort group by member state . ### each year , in accordance with the scientific advice , the council shall set a maximum allowable fishing effort for each effort group by member state . the council shall seek to avoid excessive variations from one year to the next and those variations should be designed to reduce advantages for the sector of the multi - annual nature of the plan .


### for the first year of implementation of the plan , the maximum allowable fishing effort shall be substantially reduced from the baseline provided for in paragraph 4 , in accordance with the scientific advice . ### for the first year of implementation of the plan , the maximum allowable fishing effort shall be substantially reduced from the baseline provided for in paragraph 4 , in accordance with the scientific advice and provided that this reduction does not hamper the economic viability of fleets in the short term .


### where the scientific advice shows significant catches of a particular stock with fishing gears other than trawls , fishing effort levels shall be set for such particular gear or gears on the basis of such scientific advice . ### where the scientific advice shows significant catches of a particular stock with fishing gears other than trawls , fishing effort levels shall be set for such particular gear or gears on the basis of such scientific advice , provided that fishers subjected to a lowering in fishing efforts receive fair compensation .


### where the scientific advice shows that recreational fisheries have a significant impact on the fishing mortality of a particular stock , the council may limit recreational fisheries when setting fishing opportunities in order to avoid exceeding the total target of fishing mortality . ### where the scientific advice shows that recreational fisheries have a significant impact on the fishing mortality of a particular stock , the council may limit recreational fisheries when setting fishing opportunities in order to avoid exceeding the total target of fishing mortality . in any event , to give the mechanism a degree of flexibility , fishing opportunities set for recreational fishers should cover periods no less than one month long .


### five years after the date of entry into force of this regulation and every five years thereafter , the commission shall report to the european parliament and to the council on the results and the impact of the plan on the stocks to which this regulation applies and on the fisheries exploiting those stocks , in particular as regards the achievement of the objectives set out in article 3 . ### two years after the date of entry into force of this regulation and every two years thereafter , the commission shall report to the european parliament and to the council on the results and the impact of the plan on the stocks to which this regulation applies and on the fisheries exploiting those stocks , in particular as regards the achievement of the objectives set out in article 3 .


### that exception should cover the making of the product , including the product which corresponds to the medicinal product protected by a supplementary protection certificate in the territory of a member state , for the exclusive purpose of export to third countries , as well as any upstream or downstream acts by the maker or by third parties in a contractual relationship with the maker , where such acts would otherwise require the consent of the certificate - holder , and are strictly necessary for making for the purpose of export or for the actual export itself . for instance , such acts may include the supply and import of active ingredients for the purpose of making the medicinal product to which the product covered by the certificate corresponds , or temporary storage of the product or advertising for the exclusive purpose of export to third country destinations . ### that exception should cover the making of the product protected by a supplementary protection certificate , including the making of the corresponding medicinal product , in the territory of a member state for the exclusive purpose of export to third countries or countries and / or day - 1 entry on the union’s market , as well as any upstream or downstream acts , where such acts would otherwise require the consent of the certificate - holder , and are necessary for making for the purpose of export or for the actual export itself or for day - 1 entry . for instance , such acts may include the supply and import of active ingredients for the purpose of making the corresponding medicinal product , or temporary storage of the product or medicinal product or other activities necessary for the purpose of export to third country destinations or day - 1 entry .


### the exception should not cover placing the product made for the exclusive purpose of export on the market in the member state where a supplementary protection certificate is in force , either directly or indirectly after export , nor should it cover re - importation of the product to the market of a member state in which a certificate is in force . moreover , it should not cover any act or activity for the purpose of import of medicinal products , or parts of medicinal products , into the union merely for the purposes of repackaging and re - exporting . ### the exception should not cover placing the medicinal product made for the exclusive purpose of export and day 1 entry on the market in a member state where a supplementary protection certificate is in force nor should it cover re - importation of the medicinal product to the market of a member state in which a certificate is in force . moreover , it should not cover any act or activity for the purpose of import of medicinal products , or parts of medicinal products , into the union merely for the purposes of repackaging and re - exporting .


### at european level undeclared work is defined as ‘ any paid activities that are lawful as regards their nature but not declared to public authorities , taking into account differences in the regulatory systems of the member states’28 , thus excluding all illegal activities . __________________ 28 communication from the commission ‘ stepping up the fight against undeclared work’ com 628 of 24 october 2007 http : / / eur - lex . europa . eu / lexuriserv / lexuriserv . do ? uri=celex : 52007dc0628 : en : html ### at european level , undeclared or hidden work is defined as ‘ any paid activities that are lawful as regards their nature but not declared to public authorities , taking into account differences in the regulatory systems of the member states’28 , thus excluding all illegal activities . __________________ 28 communication from the commission ‘ stepping up the fight against undeclared work’ com 628 of 24 october 2007http : / / eur - lex . europa . eu / lexuriserv / lexuriserv . do ? uri=celex : 52007dc0628 : en : html


### undeclared work has serious budgetary implications through decreased tax and social security revenues . it has negative impacts on employment , productivity , compliance with working conditions’ standards , skills development and life - long learning . it undermines the financial sustainability of social protection systems , deprives workers of adequate social benefits and results in lower pension rights and less access to healthcare . ### undeclared or hidden work has serious budgetary implications through decreased tax and social security revenues . it has negative impacts on employment , productivity , compliance with working conditions’ standards , skills development and life - long learning . it undermines the financial sustainability of social protection systems , deprives workers of adequate social benefits and results in lower pension rights and less access to healthcare .


### a wide range of policy approaches and measures to tackle undeclared work have been introduced across the member states . member states have also concluded bilateral agreements and carried out multilateral projects on certain aspects of undeclared work . the platform will not prevent the application of bilateral agreements or arrangements concerning administrative cooperation . ### a wide range of policy approaches and measures to tackle undeclared or hidden work have been introduced across the member states . member states have also concluded bilateral agreements and carried out multilateral projects on certain aspects of undeclared work . the platform will not prevent the application of bilateral agreements or arrangements concerning administrative cooperation .


### the strengthening of cooperation among member states at eu level is necessary to help member states to prevent and deter undeclared work more efficiently and effectively . ### the strengthening of cooperation among member states at eu level is necessary to help member states to prevent and deter undeclared or hidden work more efficiently and effectively .


### three different national enforcement authorities are mainly involved with undeclared work : labour inspectorates , social security inspectorates and tax authorities . in some cases , migration authorities and employment services as well as customs authorities , the police , the public prosecutor’s office and the social partners are also involved . ### three different national enforcement authorities are mainly involved with undeclared or hidden work : labour inspectorates , social security inspectorates and tax authorities . in some cases , migration authorities and employment services as well as customs authorities , the police , the public prosecutor’s office and the social partners are also involved .


### in order to address undeclared work comprehensively and successfully , a policy mix is to be implemented in the member states , that is facilitated by structured cooperation between relevant authorities . the cooperation should include all national authorities which are leading and / or active in the prevention and / or deterrence of undeclared work . ### in order to address undeclared and hidden work comprehensively and successfully , a policy mix is to be implemented in the member states that is facilitated by structured cooperation between relevant authorities . the cooperation should include all national authorities which are leading and / or active in the prevention and / or deterrence of undeclared and hidden work .


### to achieve its objectives , the platform should be supported by a ‘ single point of contact’ in each member state who should have the necessary authority to liaise with national authorities dealing with the multifaceted aspects of undeclared work . ### to achieve its objectives , the platform should be supported by a ‘ single point of contact’ in each member state who should have the necessary authority to liaise with national authorities dealing with the multifaceted aspects of undeclared and hidden work .


### the platform can establish working groups to examine specific issues and should be able to rely on the expertise of professionals with specific competences . ### the platform can establish working groups to examine specific issues and could be able to rely , free of charge , on the expertise of professionals or public bodies with the necessary specific competences .


### the platform will cooperate with the eu level relevant expert groups and committees whose work has links with undeclared work . ### the platform will cooperate with the eu - level relevant expert groups and committees whose work has links with undeclared and hidden work .


### a platform to enhance eu cooperation in the prevention and deterrence of undeclared work , hereinafter referred to as ' the platform ' , is hereby established . ### a platform to enhance eu cooperation in the prevention and deterrence of undeclared and hidden work , hereinafter referred to as ' the platform ' , is hereby established .


### the platform , as set out in article 1 , shall contribute to better enforcement of eu and national law , to the reduction of undeclared work and the emergence of formal jobs , hence avoiding the deterioration of quality of work , and to promote integration in the labour market and social inclusion by : ### the platform , as set out in article 1 , shall contribute to better enforcement of eu and national law , to the reduction of undeclared and hidden work and the emergence of formal jobs , hence avoiding the deterioration of quality of work , and to promote integration in the labour market and social inclusion by :


### develop the analysis of effectiveness of different policy measures in curbing the incidence of undeclared work , including preventive and punitive as well as deterrence measures in general , ### develop the analysis of effectiveness of different policy measures in curbing the incidence of undeclared work and work done by illegal immigrants without legal status , including preventive and punitive as well as deterrence measures in general ,


### examine ways to improve data sharing in compliance with the union data protection rules , including exploring possibilities to use of the internal market information system and the electronic exchange of social security information . ### examine ways to improve data sharing , including exploring possibilities to use the internal market information system and the electronic exchange of social security information .


### in appointing their representatives , member states should involve all public authorities having a role in the prevention and / or deterrence of undeclared work , such as labour inspectorates , social security authorities , tax authorities , employment services and migration authorities , hereinafter referred to as ' enforcement authorities ' . they may also , in accordance with national law and / or practice , involve the social partners . ### in appointing their representatives , member states should involve all public authorities having a role in the prevention and / or deterrence of undeclared and hidden work , such as labour inspectorates , social security authorities , tax authorities , employment services and migration authorities , hereinafter referred to as ‘ enforcement authorities’ . they may also , in accordance with national law and / or practice , involve the social partners .


### member states shall provide the commission with the list and contact details of all enforcement authorities which are involved in the prevention and / or deterrence of undeclared work . ### member states shall provide the commission with the list and contact details of all enforcement authorities which are involved in the prevention and / or deterrence of undeclared and hidden work .


### a maximum of 10 observers representing social partners in sectors with a high incidence of undeclared work . ### a maximum of 10 observers representing social partners in sectors with a high incidence of undeclared / hidden work .


### the platform shall work , as appropriate , in cooperation with other relevant union level expert groups and committees , whose work has a link with undeclared work , in particular the senior labour inspectors committee , the expert committee on posting of workers , the administrative commission for social security coordination , the employment committee , the social protection committee and the working group on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation . joint meetings may also be organised . ### the platform shall work , as appropriate , in cooperation with other relevant union level expert groups and committees , whose work has a link with undeclared / hidden work , in particular the senior labour inspectors committee , the expert committee on posting of workers , the administrative commission for social security coordination , the employment committee , the social protection committee and the working group on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation . joint meetings may also be organised .


### it is the union ' s objective to strengthen its scientific and technological bases and encourage its competitiveness , including in its industry , while promoting all research and innovation activities to deliver on the union ' s strategic priorities , which ultimately aim at promoting peace , the union ' s values and the well - being of its peoples . ### it is the union ' s objective to strengthen its scientific and technological bases and encourage its competitiveness , including in its industry and agriculture , while promoting all research and innovation activities to deliver on the union ' s strategic priorities , which ultimately aim at promoting peace , the union ' s values and the well - being of its peoples .


### to support the creation and diffusion of high - quality new knowledge , skills , technologies and solutions to global challenges ; ### to promote scientific excellence and support the creation and diffusion of high - quality new knowledge , skills , technologies and solutions to global challenges ;


### to strengthen the impact of research and innovation in developing , supporting and implementing union policies , and support the uptake of innovative solutions in industry and society to address global challenges ; ### to strengthen the role of research and innovation in developing , supporting and implementing union policies , and support the uptake of innovative solutions in industry and society to address global challenges ;


### pillar i ' open science ' , pursuing the specific objective set out in article 3 and also supporting specific objectives set out in article 3 and , with the following components : ### pillar i ' open and excellent science ' , pursuing the specific objective set out in article 3 and also supporting specific objectives set out in article 3 and , with the following components :


### be centered on ambitious but realistic research and innovation activities ; ### be centered on ambitious , excellence - driven and realistic research and innovation activities across all stages of development ;


### open access to scientific publications resulting from research funded under the programme shall be ensured in accordance with article 35 . open access to research data shall be ensured in line with the principle ' as open as possible , as closed as necessary ' . open access to other research outputs shall be encouraged . ### open access to scientific publications resulting from research funded under the programme shall be ensured in accordance with article 35 . open access to research data underlying published research findings shall be ensured in line with the principle ' as open as possible , as closed as necessary ' . open access to other research outputs and other relevant research data shall be encouraged .


### the action may also be terminated where expected results have lost their relevance for the union due to scientific , technological or economic reasons , including in the case of eic and missions , their relevance as part of a portfolio of actions . ### following consultation with independent experts and provided sufficient notice is given to beneficiaries , the action may also be terminated where expected results have lost their relevance for the union due to scientific , technological or economic reasons , including in the case of eic and missions , their relevance as part of a portfolio of actions .


### by derogation from article 237 of the financial regulation , external experts may be selected without a call for expressions of interest , if justified and the selection is carried out in a transparent manner . ### by derogation from article 237 of the financial regulation , external experts may be selected without a call for expressions of interest , only if a call for expressions of interest has not identified suitable external experts . any selection of external experts without a call for expressions of interest must be duly justified and the selection is carried out in a transparent manner .


### ex - ante demonstration of the partners’ long term commitment , including a minimum share of public and / or private investments ; ### ex - ante demonstration of the partners’ long term commitment , including a minimum share of public and / or private contributions ;


### in order to make the european citizens’ initiative more accessible and to provide support to citizens and organisers , the commission should provide information and assistance to organisers and make available an online collaborative platform to provide a dedicated discussion forum and information and advice about the european citizens’ initiative . to ensure proximity to citizens , member states should establish one or more contact points in their respective territories to provide citizens with information and assistance regarding the european citizens’ initiative . ### in order to make the european citizens’ initiative more accessible and to provide support to citizens and organisers , the commission should provide information and assistance to organisers and make available an online collaborative platform to provide a dedicated discussion forum and information and advice about the european citizens’ initiative . to ensure proximity to citizens , member states should establish one or more platforms in their respective territories to provide citizens with information and assistance regarding the european citizens’ initiative .


### the commission shall make available an online register allowing groups of organisers to manage their initiative throughout the procedure . the register shall comprise a public website providing information on the european citizens’ initiative in general as well as on specific initiatives and their respective status . ### the commission shall make available an online register allowing groups of organisers to manage their initiative throughout the procedure and ascertain what its status is . the register shall comprise a public website providing information on the european citizens’ initiative in general as well as on specific initiatives and their respective status . it may include a personal space for each initiative’s organisers , via which the commission can message them about developments concerning the initiative and its status and make any relevant announcement . the commission shall ensure that the register is regularly updated .


### after the commission has registered an initiative in accordance with article 6 , it shall provide the translation of the content of that initiative into all the official languages of the union for its publication in the register and its use for the collection of statements of support in accordance with this regulation . a group of organisers may , in addition , provide translations into all the official languages of the union of the annex for its publication in the register and also , as the case may be , of the draft legal act referred to in annex ii and submitted in accordance with article 6 . ### after the commission has registered an initiative in accordance with article 6 , it shall provide as soon as possible the translation of the content of that initiative into all the official languages of the union , and in particular - by way of priority - into the european union’s three working languages - for its publication in the register and its use for the collection of statements of support in accordance with this regulation . a group of organisers may , in addition , provide translations into all the official languages of the union of the annex for its publication in the register and also , as the case may be , of the draft legal act referred to in annex ii and submitted in accordance with article 6 .


### an initiative shall be prepared and managed by a group of at least seven natural persons . members of the european parliament shall not be counted for the purpose of that minimum number . ### an initiative shall be prepared and managed by a group of at least five natural persons who are citizens of a member state of the european union . members of the european parliament shall not be counted for the purpose of that minimum number .


### the members of the group of organisers shall be citizens of the union , of the age to be entitled to vote in elections to the european parliament and residents of at least seven different member states . ### the members of the group of organisers shall be citizens of the union , of the age to be entitled , when the request for registration of the initiative is lodged with the commission , to vote in elections to the european parliament , and residents of at least five different member states .


### if one or more of the requirements set out in points to are not met , the commission shall refuse to register the initiative , without prejudice to paragraphs 4 and 5 . ### if one or more of the requirements set out in points to are not met , the commission shall refuse to register the initiative , without prejudice to paragraphs 4 and 5 , and shall notify the organisers , in particular via the contact persons and the online platform created for that purpose , as quickly as possible and in writing .


### all statements of support shall be collected within a period not exceeding 12 months from a date chosen by the group of organisers , without prejudice to article 11 . that date must be not later than three months from the registration of the initiative in accordance with article 6 . ### all statements of support shall be collected within a period not exceeding 12 months from the date of the commission’s communication informing the organisers of the registration of the initiative , without prejudice to article 11 . that date must be not later than three months from the registration of the initiative in accordance with article 6 .


### the group of organisers shall provide , for the publication in the register , and as the case may be on their campaign website , information on the sources of support and funding for the initiative exceeding 500 euros per sponsor . ### the group of organisers must provide , for the publication in the register , and as the case may be on their campaign website , information on the sources of support and funding for the initiative , in particular the identity or corporate name of the donors and the size of each donation .


### the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 43 to amend annexes i to iv for the purposes of adapting them to technical progress and facilitating internal market access and free movement for ce marked fertilising products ### following approval by the european parliament and the council , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 43 to amend annexes ii to iv for the purposes of adapting them to technical progress and facilitating internal market access and free movement for ce marked fertilising products


### the commission shall also be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 43 to amend annexes i to iv in the light of new scientific evidence . the commission shall use this empowerment where , based on a risk assessment , an amendment proves necessary to ensure that any ce marked fertilising product complying with the requirements of this regulation does not , under normal conditions of use , present an unacceptable risk to human , animal , or plant health , to safety or to the environment . ### the commission shall also be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 43 to amend annexes ii to iv in the light of new scientific evidence . the commission shall use this empowerment where , based on a risk assessment , an amendment proves necessary to ensure that any ce marked fertilising product complying with the requirements of this regulation does not , under normal conditions of use , present an unacceptable risk to human , animal , or plant health , to safety or to the environment .


### the substance shall have been registered pursuant to regulation no 1907 / 200647 , in a dossier containing __________________ 47 in the case of a substance recovered in the european union , this condition is fulfilled if the substance is the same , within the meaning of article 2 of regulation no 1907 / 2006 , as a substance registered in a dossier containing the information here indicated , and if information is available to the fertilising product manufacturer within the meaning of article 2 of regulation no 1907 / 2006 . ### the substance shall have been registered pursuant to regulation no 1907 / 200647 , unless explicitly covered by one of the registration obligation exemptions provided for in that regulation . __________________ 47 in the case of a substance recovered in the european union , this condition is fulfilled if the substance is the same , within the meaning of article 2 of regulation no 1907 / 2006 , as a substance registered in a dossier containing the information here indicated , and if information is available to the fertilising product manufacturer within the meaning of article 2 of regulation no 1907 / 2006 .


### all the substances incorporated into the ce marked fertilising product , in their own or in a mixture , shall have been registered pursuant to regulation no 1907 / 2006 , in a dossier containing ### unless explicitly covered by one of the registration obligation exemptions provided for in article 6 of regulation no 1907 / 2006 or by annexes iv or v to that regulation , all the substances incorporated into the ce marked fertilising product , in their own or in a mixture , shall have been registered pursuant to regulation no 1907 / 2006 , in a dossier containing


### a ce marked fertilising product may contain plants , plant parts or plant extracts having undergone no other processing than cutting , grinding , centrifugation , pressing , drying , freeze - drying or extraction with water . ### a ce marked fertilising product may contain plants , plant parts or plant extracts having undergone no other processing than cutting , grinding , centrifugation , pressing , drying , freeze - drying , distillation , extraction with water or any other type of processing that does not make the end - substance subject to the registration obligation under regulation no&#160 ; 1907 / 2006 .


### ensure that selected operations comply with the programme and provide an effective contribution to the achievement of its specific objectives ; ### ensure that selected operations comply with the programme and provide a direct contribution to the achievement of its specific objectives ;


### there is evidence to suggest a serious deficiency and for which corrective measures have not been taken ; ### there is a serious deficiency and one for which corrective measures have not been taken ;


### the free movement of workers , freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services are fundamental principles of the internal market in the union enshrined in the treaty on the functioning of the european union . the implementation of those principles is further developed by the union aimed at guaranteeing a level playing field for businesses and respect for the rights of workers . ### the free movement of workers , freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services form part of the rules of the single internal market in the union laid down by the treaty on the functioning of the european union . they have generated and continue to generate serious economic imbalances and are permanently weakening the economies in western europe by placing entire sectors of the real economy at the mercy of unfair competition and social and wage dumping . the european union seems to have woken up to this disaster and would like to strengthen the implementation of these rules in an attempt to guarantee a level playing field for businesses and respect for the rights of workers , which will probably be of no effect .


### the freedom to provide services includes the right of undertakings to provide services in another member state , to which they may post their own workers temporarily in order to provide those services there . ### the freedom to provide services purports to include a so - called right of undertakings to provide services in another member state , to which they may post their own workers temporarily in order to provide those services there ; this ought to be considered not as a right or a rule , but as a privilege granted by the member states .


### the principle of equal treatment and the prohibition of any discrimination based on nationality are enshrined in eu law since the founding treaties . the principle of equal pay has been implemented through secondary law not only between women and men , but also between employees with fix term contracts and comparable permanent workers , between part - time and full - time workers or between temporary agency workers and comparable workers of the user undertaking . ### the principle of equal treatment and the prohibition of any discrimination based on nationality , although enshrined in eu law since the founding treaties , has become totally inappropriate in the current economic context . european citizens , and french citizens in particular , today wish to be treated preferentially when it comes to hiring and social security benefits in their own countries , as compared with foreign residents , and that in no way constitutes discrimination . the principle of equal pay has been implemented through secondary law not only between women and men , but also between employees with fix term contracts and comparable permanent workers , between part - time and full - time workers or between temporary agency workers and comparable workers of the user undertaking .


### decision no&#160 ; 445 / 2014 / eu of the european parliament and of the council5 aims to safeguard and promote the diversity of cultures in europe and to highlight the common features they share while increasing citizens ' sense of belonging to a common cultural area . that decision also aims to foster the contribution of culture to the long - term development of cities in accordance with their respective strategies and priorities . _________________ 5 decision no 445 / 2014 / eu of the european parliament and of the council of 16 april 2014 establishing a union action for the european capitals of culture for the years 2020 to 2033 and repealing decision no 1622 / 2006 / ec . ### decision no 445 / 2014 / eu of the european parliament and of the council5 aims to safeguard and promote the diversity of cultures in europe and to highlight the common features they share while increasing citizens ' sense of belonging to a common civilisation . that decision also aims to foster the contribution of culture to the sustainable environmental , economic and social development of cities in accordance with their respective strategies and priorities . _________________ 5 decision no 445 / 2014 / eu of the european parliament and of the council of 16 april 2014 establishing a union action for the european capitals of culture for the years 2020 to 2033 and repealing decision no 1622 / 2006 / ec .


### article 3 of decision no 445 / 2014 / eu provides that only cities from a member state , from a candidate country or a potential candidate , or from a country that accedes to the union in the circumstances set out in article 3 of that decision have access to the union action ' european capitals of culture ' . ### article 3 of decision no 445 / 2014 / eu provides that only cities from a member state of the union in the circumstances set out in article 3 of that decision have access to the union action ' european capitals of culture ' .


### the union action should also be open , subject to some conditions , to cities from european free trade association countries which are parties to the agreement on the european economic area with the view to reinforcing the cultural links between those countries and the european union in line with article 81 of the agreement on the european economic area . ### the union action should also be open , subject to some conditions , to cities from european free trade association countries which are parties to the agreement on the european economic area , iceland , liechtenstein and norway with the view to reinforcing the cultural links between those countries and the european union in line with article 81 of the agreement on the european economic area .


### the objective of this directive is to remove obstacles to the exercise of fundamental freedoms , such as the free movement of capital and freedom of establishment , which result from differences between national laws and procedures on preventive restructuring , insolvency and second chance . this directive aims at removing such obstacles by ensuring that viable enterprises in financial difficulties have access to effective national preventive restructuring frameworks which enable them to continue operating ; that honest over indebted entrepreneurs have a second chance after a full discharge of debt after a reasonable period of time ; and that the effectiveness of restructuring , insolvency and discharge procedures is improved , in particular with a view to shortening their length . ### the objective of this directive is to remove obstacles to the exercise of fundamental freedoms , such as the free movement of capital and freedom of establishment , with due regard for the rules laid down by the member states . this directive aims at removing such obstacles by ensuring that viable enterprises in financial difficulties have access to effective national preventive restructuring frameworks which enable them to continue operating and to preserve as many jobs as possible in the undertakings concerned and in the supplier businesses to which they are in debt , but also that honest over indebted entrepreneurs have a second chance after a full discharge of debt after a reasonable period of time ; and that the effectiveness of restructuring , insolvency and discharge procedures is improved , in particular with a view to shortening their length .


### restructuring should enable enterprises in financial difficulties to continue business in whole or in part , by changing the composition , conditions or structure of assets and liabilities or of their capital structure , including by sales of assets or parts of the business . preventive restructuring frameworks should above all enable the enterprises to restructure at an early stage and to avoid their insolvency . those frameworks should maximise the total value to creditors , owners and the economy as a whole and should prevent unnecessary job losses and losses of knowledge and skills . they should also prevent the build - up of non - performing loans . in the restructuring process the rights of all parties involved should be protected . at the same time , non - viable businesses with no prospect of survival should be liquidated as quickly as possible . ### restructuring should enable enterprises in financial difficulties for which they are not responsible to continue business in whole or in part , by changing the composition , conditions or structure of assets and liabilities or of their capital structure , including by sales of assets or parts of the business . preventive restructuring frameworks should above all enable the enterprises to restructure at an early stage . those frameworks should maximise the total value to owners and the economy as a whole and should prevent unnecessary job losses and losses of knowledge and skills . in the restructuring process the rights of all parties involved should be protected .


### those differences lead to uneven conditions for access to credit and to uneven recovery rates in the member states . a higher degree of harmonisation in the field of restructuring , insolvency and second chance is thus indispensable for a well - functioning single market in general and for a working capital markets union in particular . ### those differences damage conditions for access to credit for honest entrepreneurs because certain dishonest entrepreneurs , some of them from other countries , abuse insolvency rules or commit fraud against them . it is therefore important that the directive should treat honest entrepreneurs as a separate category in order to facilitate a second chance for them .


### to promote efficiency and reduce delays and costs , national preventive restructuring frameworks should include flexible procedures limiting the involvement of judicial or administrative authorities to where it is necessary and proportionate in order to safeguard the interests of creditors and other interested parties likely to be affected . to avoid unnecessary costs and reflect the early nature of the procedure , debtors should in principle be left in control of their assets and the day - to - day operation of their business . the appointment of a restructuring practitioner , whether a mediator supporting the negotiations of a restructuring plan or an insolvency practitioner supervising the actions of the debtor , should not be mandatory in every case , but made on a case - by - case basis depending on the circumstances of the case or on the debtor ' s specific needs . furthermore , there should not necessarily be a court order for the opening of the restructuring process which may be informal as long as the rights of third parties are not affected . nevertheless , a degree of supervision should be ensured when this is necessary to safeguard the legitimate interests of one or more creditors or another interested party . this may be the case , in particular , when a general stay of individual enforcement actions is granted by the judicial or administrative authority or where it appears necessary to impose a restructuring plan on dissenting classes of creditors . ### to promote efficiency and reduce delays and costs , national preventive restructuring frameworks should include flexible procedures limiting the involvement of judicial or administrative authorities to where it is necessary and proportionate in order to safeguard the interests of creditors and other interested parties likely to be affected . to avoid unnecessary costs and reflect the early nature of the procedure , debtors should in principle be left in control of their assets and the day - to - day operation of their business . the appointment of a restructuring practitioner , whether a mediator supporting the negotiations of a restructuring plan or an insolvency practitioner supervising the actions of the debtor , should not be mandatory in every case , but made on a case - by - case basis depending on the circumstances of the case or on the debtor ' s specific needs . furthermore , there should not necessarily be a court order for the opening of the restructuring process which may be informal as long as the rights of third parties are not affected . nevertheless , a degree of supervision should be ensured when this is necessary to safeguard the legitimate interests of the entrepreneur , of workers or of a creditor supplier who meets the definition of ‘ small or medium - sized enterprise’ . this may be the case , in particular , when a general stay of individual enforcement actions is granted by the judicial or administrative authority or where it appears necessary to impose a restructuring plan on dissenting classes of creditors .


### to assist the debtor or the creditors in drafting or negotiating a restructuring plan ; ### to assist the debtor , the workers or the creditors in drafting or negotiating a restructuring plan ;