### the maximum union ' s financial contribution , including efta appropriations , to empir shall be eur 300 million . the contribution shall be paid from appropriations in the general budget of the union allocated to the relevant parts of the specific programme , implementing horizon 2020 framework programme , established by decision &#8230 ; / 2013 / eu , in accordance with article 58 and articles 60 and 61 of regulation no 966 / 2012 . ### the maximum union ' s financial contribution , including efta appropriations , to empir shall be eur 300 million . the contribution shall be paid from appropriations in the general budget of the union allocated to the relevant parts of the specific programme , implementing horizon 2020 framework programme , established by decision &#8230 ; / 2013 / eu , in accordance with article 58 and articles 60 and 61 of regulation no 966 / 2012 and in particular appropriations allocated to the following challenges and themes : leadership in nanotechnologies , advanced materials , biotechnology and advanced manufacturing and processing ; improving lifelong health and wellbeing ; improving food security , developing sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ; making the transition to a reliable , sustainable and competitive energy system ; achieving an european transport system that is resource - efficient , environmentally friendly , safe and seamless ; and achieving a resource - efficient and climate - change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials .


### 5 . metrology capacity - building activities on different technological levels aiming to achieve a balanced and integrated metrology system in the participating states . ### 5 . metrology capacity - building activities on different technological levels aiming to achieve a balanced and integrated metrology system in the participating states and enabling them to develop their scientific and technical capabilities in metrology .


### not later than six years from the date on which the first european patent with unitary effect takes effect in the territories of the participating member states , the commission shall present to the council a report on the operation of this regulation and , where necessary , make appropriate proposals for amending it . subsequent reports on the operation of this regulation shall be presented by the commission every six years . ### not later than two years from the date on which the first european patent with unitary effect takes effect in the territories of the participating member states , the commission shall present to the council a report on the operation of this regulation and , where necessary , make appropriate proposals for amending it . subsequent reports on the operation of this regulation shall be presented by the commission every five years .


### the lawyer shall have the right to be present at any questioning and hearing . he shall have the right to ask questions , request clarification and make statements , which shall be recorded in accordance with national law . ### the lawyer shall have the right to be present at any questioning and hearing . he shall have the right to ask questions , request clarification and make statements , which shall be recorded in accordance with national law , and to have his comments annexed to the official record of the questioning or hearing .


### where the person is a child , member states shall ensure that the child’s legal representative or another adult , depending on the interest of the child , is informed as soon as possible of the deprivation of liberty and the reasons pertaining thereto , unless it would be contrary to the best interests of the child , in which case another appropriate adult shall be informed . ### where the person is a minor , member states shall ensure that the minor’s legal representative or another adult , depending on the interest of the minor , is informed as soon as possible of the deprivation of liberty and the reasons pertaining thereto , unless it would be contrary to the best interests of the minor , in which case another appropriate adult shall be informed .


### where the commission has adopted a delegated act in accordance with article&#160 ; 308b , article&#160 ; 35 shall not apply for a maximum period of five years from the date referred to in the first sub - paragraph of article 309 . ### where the commission has adopted a delegated act in accordance with article&#160 ; 308b , article&#160 ; 35 shall not apply for a maximum period of three years from the date referred to in the first subparagraph of article&#160 ; 309 .


### the directive should not affect , where granted , the rights of third - country nationals already legally staying in a member state to work . ### the directive should set out employers’ rights and obligations in respect of third - country national seasonal workers , requiring employers to comply with both eu legislation and that of the member states in the field of health and safety at the workplace , without any derogations ; furthermore , the directive should not affect , where granted , the rights of third - country nationals already legally staying in a member state to work .


### the directive should provide for a flexible entry system based on demand and objective criteria , such as a valid work contract or a binding job offer that specifies the level of remuneration applicable to seasonal workers in the sector concerned . ### the directive must establish a transparent and rigorous entry system based on market demand and objective criteria , such as the existence of a valid work contract or a binding job offer that specifies the level of remuneration applicable to seasonal workers in the sector concerned , which must be high enough to ensure that their temporary stay is lawful and consistent with social security requirements .


### member states should have the possibility to apply a test demonstrating that a post cannot be filled from within the domestic labour market . ### member states should demonstrate that posts cannot be filled from within their labour market except by third - country national seasonal workers .


### considering the specially vulnerable situation of third - country national seasonal workers and the temporary nature of their assignment , there is a need to define clearly the working conditions applicable to such workers in order to ensure legal certainty by referring such conditions to generally binding instruments providing effective protection of the rights of third - country seasonal workers , such as law or universally applicable collective agreements . ### considering the specific situation of third - country national seasonal workers and the temporary nature of their assignment , there is a need to define clearly the rights and obligations of such workers by referring such conditions to instruments providing effective protection of the rights of both third - country seasonal workers and employers .


### the aim of the galileo programme is to establish and operate the first global satellite navigation and positioning infrastructure specifically designed for civilian purposes . the system established under the galileo programme is completely independent of other existing or potential systems . ### the aim of the galileo programme is to establish and operate the first global satellite navigation and positioning infrastructure specifically designed for civilian purposes which can be used by a variety of european actors , states and agencies . the system established under the galileo programme functions independently of other existing or potential systems , thus contributing to the strategic autonomy of the union , as emphasised in 2007 by the european parliament and the council .


### since the programmes are at an advanced development stage leading to systems in an exploitation phase , a specific legal basis is required which can meet their needs , particularly in terms of governance and to satisfy the requirement for sound financial management . ### since the programmes are at an advanced development stage leading to systems in an exploitation phase , a specific legal basis is required which can meet their needs , particularly in terms of governance , mutual ownership and utilisation , as well as security of the systems , and to satisfy the requirement for sound financial management .


### the systems established under the european satellite navigation programmes are infrastructures set up as trans - european networks of which the usage extends well beyond the national boundaries of the member states . furthermore , the services offered through these systems contribute , in particular , to the development of trans - european networks in the areas of transport , telecommunications and energy infrastructures . ### the systems established under the european satellite navigation programmes are infrastructures set up as trans - european networks of which the usage extends well beyond the national boundaries of the member states . furthermore , the services offered through these systems contribute , in particular , to the development of trans - european networks in the areas of transport , telecommunications and energy infrastructures . the use of the services by the union and the member states in other areas such as police , border management , crisis management and defence should be encouraged , thus giving greater impetus to civil - military cooperation .


### given the increasing usage of satellite navigation across a great number of fields of activity , an interruption in the supply of services could lead to significant harm to modern society . in addition , due to their strategic aspect , satellite navigation systems are sensitive infrastructures , that could be susceptible to malicious use . the abovementioned aspects could affect the security of the union and its member states . security requirements must therefore be taken into account in the design , implementation and operation of the infrastructures emerging from the galileo and egnos programmes . ### given the increasing usage of satellite navigation across a great number of fields of activity , an interruption in the supply of services could lead to significant harm to modern society . both the galileo and egnos programmes contribute considerably to the strategic independence and autonomy of the union . in addition due to their strategic aspect , satellite navigation systems are sensitive infrastructures , that could be susceptible to malicious use by state and non - state actors . the abovementioned aspects could affect the security of the union , its member states and its citizens . security requirements must therefore be taken into account in the design , implementation and operation of the infrastructures emerging from the galileo and egnos programmes , in accordance with standard practices and agreed upon by all operators of the system . capabilities at member state level , as well as in the framework of the common security and defence policy , should be developed in order to prevent spoofing and / or jamming attacks against the encrypted public regulated service signal and to ensure the security of critical infrastructure . the commission and the council should therefore create the appropriate procedural security conditions to ensure that the open service can be restricted geographically or switched off in order to prevent any malicious use .


### in order to optimise the use of the services provided , the systems , networks and services emerging from the galileo and egnos programmes must be compatible and interoperable with one another and , insofar as possible , with other satellite navigation systems and conventional means of radio navigation . ### in order to optimise the use of the services provided , the systems , networks and services emerging from the galileo and egnos programmes must be compatible and interoperable with one another and , insofar as possible , with other satellite navigation systems and conventional means of radio navigation . interoperability should be in line with the objective of strategic independence of the systems .


### the deployment and exploitation phases of the galileo programme and the exploitation phase of the egnos programme should , in principle , be entirely financed by the union . however in accordance with regulation no 1605 / 2002 of 25 june 2002 on the financial regulation applicable to the general budget of the european communities , the member states should be able to provide additional funding to the programmes or a contribution in kind , on the basis of appropriate agreements , in order to fund additional programme elements requested by them , e . g . concerning the system architecture or particular security needs . third countries and international organisations should also be able to contribute to the programmes . ### the deployment and exploitation phases of the galileo programme and the exploitation phase of the egnos programme should , in principle , be entirely financed by the union . however in accordance with council regulation no 1605 / 2002 of 25 june 2002 on the financial regulation applicable to the general budget of the european communities , the member states should be able to provide additional funding to the programmes or a contribution in kind , on the basis of appropriate agreements , in order to fund additional programme elements requested by them , e . g . concerning the system architecture or particular security needs . third countries and international organisations should also be able to contribute to the programmes , to the extent that the independence of the global navigation satellite system of the union is not affected .


### it is important to note that the investment and operating costs of the systems as estimated for the period 2014 - 2020 do not take account of unforeseen financial obligations which the union may be obliged to bear , in particular those relating to non - contractual liability arising from the public ownership of the systems , especially with regard to force majeure and catastrophic failure . these obligations are the subject of a specific analysis by the commission . ### it is important to note that the investment and operating costs of the systems as estimated for the period 2014 - 2020 do not take account of unforeseen financial obligations which the union may be obliged to bear , in particular those relating to non - contractual liability arising from the public ownership of the systems , especially with regard to force majeure and catastrophic failure . these obligations are the subject of a specific analysis by the commission and will be communicated to the council and the european parliament .


### responsibility for the progress of the programmes includes , in particular , responsibility for their security and the security of their systems and operation . except in the case of application of joint action 2004 / 552 / cfsp of 12 july 2004 on aspects of the operation of the european satellite radio - navigation system affecting the security of the european union , which could be adapted if necessary to changes in the programmes , their governance and the lisbon treaty , the commission is responsible for security , even if certain security - related tasks are entrusted to the european gnss agency . it is the responsibility of the commission to establish mechanisms to ensure suitable coordination between the various entities responsible for security . ### responsibility for the progress of the programmes includes , in particular , responsibility for their security and the security of their systems and operation . except in the case of application of joint action 2004 / 552 / cfsp of 12 july 2004 on aspects of the operation of the european satellite radio - navigation system affecting the security of the european union , which must necessarily be adapted to changes in the programmes , their governance and the lisbon treaty , the commission is responsible for security , even if certain security - related tasks are entrusted to the european gnss agency . it is the responsibility of the commission to establish mechanisms to ensure suitable coordination between the various entities responsible for security , under the authority of the high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy .


### in view of the global nature of the systems , it is essential that the union can enter into agreements with third countries and international organisations in the context of programmes under article 218 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , in particular to ensure their smooth implementation , optimise services provided to citizens of the union and meet the needs of third countries and international organisations . it is also useful , where necessary , to adapt existing agreements to changes in the programmes . when preparing or implementing these agreements , the commission may have recourse to the assistance of the european external action service , the european space agency and the european gnss agency , within the limits of the tasks allocated to them under this regulation . ### in view of the global nature of the systems , it is essential that the union can enter into agreements with third countries and international organisations in the context of programmes under article 218 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , in particular to ensure their smooth implementation , optimise services provided to citizens of the union , ensure the full security of the system , regulate the revenue regime and meet the needs of third countries and international organisations . it is also useful , where necessary , to adapt existing agreements to changes in the programmes . when preparing or implementing these agreements , the commission may have recourse to the assistance of the european external action service , the european space agency and the european gnss agency , within the limits of the tasks allocated to them under this regulation duly taking into account the rights of the european parliament under article 218 . in particular , these agreements should be in accordance with the security and defence policy interests of the union and the member states . it should equally take into account the sensitive and strategic nature of some of the system ' s services such as prs , thus ensuring full compliance with the criteria and guidelines laid down in council common position 2008 / 944 / cfsp defining common rules governing the control of exports of military technology and equipment and council regulation no 428 / 2009 of 5 may 2009 setting up a community regime for the control of exports , transfer , brokering and transit of dual - use items .


### to offer a public regulated service restricted to government - authorised users , for sensitive applications which require a high level of service continuity ; this service uses strong , encrypted signals ; ### to offer a public regulated service restricted to government - authorised users , in particular for applications with sensitive content or of strategic importance which require a high level of service continuity ; this service uses strong , encrypted signals ; ;


### the operation of the galileo security centre , in accordance with the standards and requirements referred to in article 14 and the instructions provided under joint action 2004 / 552 / cfsp referred to in article 17 ; ### the operation of the galileo security centre , in accordance with the standards and requirements referred to in article 14 and the instructions provided under joint action 2004 / 552 / cfsp referred to in article 17 , currently under revision ;


### the member states shall not take measures which could harm the progress of the programmes , in particular concerning intellectual property rights and the continuity of the operation of the infrastructures . ### the member states shall not take measures which could harm the progress of the programmes , in particular concerning intellectual property rights and the continuity of the operation of the infrastructures or which could harm the security and defence policy interests of the union or the member states .


### the union may enter into agreements with third countries and international organisations in the context of the programmes , in particular , cooperation agreements in accordance with the procedure laid down in article 218 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union . ### the union may enter into agreements with third countries and international organisations in the context of the programmes , in particular , cooperation agreements in accordance with the procedure laid down in article 218 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union . any form of cooperation with third countries shall take account of the strategic nature of the programmes , be in accordance with the security and defence policy interests of the union and the member states and respect the principle of mutuality . the european parliament shall be consulted and / or give its consent , as appropriate .


### by 30 june 2018 , the commission shall present an evaluation report to the european parliament and the council , with a view to a decision being taken on the renewal , modification or suspension of the measures taken pursuant to this regulation concerning : ### by 30 june 2015 , the commission shall present a mid - term evaluation report and by 30 june 2018 , an evaluation report to the european parliament and the council , with a view to a decision being taken on the renewal , modification or suspension of the measures taken pursuant to this regulation concerning :


### representatives of the european gnss agency and the european space agency may be involved as observers in the work of the committee under the conditions laid down in its rules of procedure . ### representatives of the european gnss agency and the european space agency may be involved as observers in the work of the committee under the conditions laid down in its rules of procedure . if needed , representatives of the european external action service , the european defence agency , the european parliament or national experts on security and defence matters may also be involved as observers in the work of the committee .


### contracting entities that wish to purchase works , supplies or services with specific environmental , social or other characteristics should be able to refer to particular labels , such as the european eco - label , national eco - labels or any other label provided that the requirements for the label are linked to the subject - matter of the contract , such as the description of the product and its presentation , including packaging requirements . it is furthermore essential that those requirements are drawn up and adopted on the basis of objectively verifiable criteria , using a procedure in which stakeholders , such as government bodies , consumers , manufacturers , distributors and environmental organisations can participate , and that the label is accessible and available to all interested parties . ### contracting entities that wish to purchase works , supplies or services with specific environmental , social or other characteristics should be able to refer to particular social and environmental labels , such as the european eco - label , national eco - labels or any other label provided that the requirements for the label are linked to the subject - matter of the contract , such as the description of the product and its presentation , including packaging requirements . it is furthermore essential that those requirements are drawn up and adopted on the basis of objectively verifiable criteria , using a procedure in which stakeholders , such as government bodies , consumers , manufacturers , trade unions , distributors and environmental organisations can participate , and that the label is accessible and available to all interested parties .


### it is established for or has the specific purpose of meeting needs in the general interest , not having an industrial or commercial character ; for that purpose , a body which operates in normal market conditions , aims to make a profit , and bears the losses resulting from the exercise of its activity does not have the purpose of meeting needs in the general interest , not having an industrial or commercial character ; ### it is established for or has the specific purpose of meeting needs in the general interest , not having an industrial or commercial character ; for that purpose , a body which operates in normal market conditions , and engages in economic activities by offering goods and services on the market does not have the purpose of meeting needs in the general interest , not having an industrial or commercial character ;


### where mandatory accessibility standards are adopted by a legislative act of the union , technical specifications shall , as far as accessibility criteria are concerned , be defined by reference thereto . ### where mandatory accessibility , environmental or social standards are adopted by a legislative act of the union , technical specifications shall , as far as accessibility , environmental or social criteria are concerned , be defined by reference thereto .


### contracting entities shall reject the tender , where they have established that the tender is abnormally low because it does not comply with obligations established by union legislation in the field of social and labour law or environmental law or by the international social and environmental law provisions listed in annex xiv . ### contracting entities shall reject the tender , where they have established that the tender is abnormally low because it does not comply with obligations established by union legislation in the field of social and labour law or environmental law or with the obligations regarding working conditions along the supply chain as stated in national labour laws and regulations in which production processes take place and in international conventions as listed in annex xiv , whatever the most favourable of workers . these provisions include : those defined by the eight ilo core conventions ; occupational safety and health working time wages social security


### as intra - corporate transfers consist of temporary migration , the applicant should provide evidence that the third - country national will be able to transfer back to an entity belonging to the same group and established in a third country at the end of the assignment . that evidence may consist of the relevant provisions under the work contract . an assignment letter should be produced providing evidence that the third - country national manager or specialist possesses the professional qualifications needed in the member state to which they have been admitted to occupy the post or the regulated profession . ### as intra - corporate transfers consist of temporary migration , the applicant should provide evidence that the third - country national will transfer back to an entity belonging to the same group and established in a third country at the end of the assignment . that evidence may consist of the relevant provisions under the work contract . an assignment letter should be produced providing evidence that the third - country national manager or specialist possesses the professional qualifications needed in the member state to which they have been admitted to occupy the post or the regulated profession .


### the commission shall , by means of delegated acts pursuant to article 38a , decide on measures implementing the prohibition on the use of gmos and products produced from or by gmos . ### for the purpose of the prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 , the vendor declaration confirming that the products supplied have not been produced from or by gmos shall be drawn up using the model established by the commission , by means of delegated acts pursuant to article 38a .


### in order to better take account of the expectations of consumers regarding the quality of organic products and to ensure the adequate application of rules by the authorities , bodies and operators concerned and the proper functioning of the single market and trade , the commission shall , by means of delegated acts , adopt specific rules , measures and conditions necessary for the application of this regulation , including the specific definitions related to its scope , subject to the objectives and principles laid down in title ii , for the following : ### in order to better take account of the expectations of consumers regarding the quality of organic products and to ensure the adequate application of rules by the authorities , bodies and operators concerned and the proper functioning of the single market and trade , the commission shall , by means of delegated acts , adopt specific rules , measures and conditions necessary for the application of this regulation , subject to the objectives and principles laid down in title ii , for the following :


### article 1 regulation no 1217 / 2009 is amended as follows : in article 1 , paragraph 3 is replaced by the following : ' 3 . the data obtained pursuant to this regulation shall , in particular , serve as the basis for the drawing up of reports by the commission on the situation of agriculture and of agricultural markets as well as on farm incomes in the union . those reports shall be made publicly available . ' ### article 1 regulation no 1217 / 2009 is amended as follows : in article 1 , paragraph 3 is replaced by the following : ' 3 . the data obtained pursuant to this regulation shall , in particular , serve as the basis for the drawing up of reports by the commission on the situation of agriculture and of agricultural markets as well as on farm incomes in the union . those reports shall be made publicly available on a dedicated website . '


### the delegation of power referred to in articles 3 , 5 , 5a , 6 , 7 and 8 shall be conferred on the commission for an indeterminate period of time from [ 1 january 2013 ] . ### the delegation of power referred to in articles 3 , 5 , 5a , 6 , 7 and 8 shall be conferred on the commission for a period of five years from the date of entry into force of the basic legislative act . the commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five year period . the delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration , unless the european parliament or the council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period .


### to turn the union into a resource - efficient , green and competitive low - carbon economy ; ### to make competitive a circular , low - carbon economy that is resource - efficient and respects the environment and ecosystems ;


### the following 2050 vision is intended to help guide action up to and beyond 2020 : in 2050 , we live well , within the planet ' s ecological limits . our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative , circular economy where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed in ways that enhance our society ' s resilience . our low carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use , setting the pace for a global sustainable economy . ### the following 2050 vision is intended to help guide action up to and beyond 2020 : in 2050 , we live well , within the planet ' s ecological limits . our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative , circular economy – on the basis of the fundamental postulate that ' nothing is created , nothing is lost , everything is transformed ' 1 – where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed in ways that enhance our society ' s resilience . our low carbon growth will , as far as possible , be decoupled from resource use , setting the pace for a global sustainable economy . __________________ 1 antoine - laurent de lavoisier .


### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , which includes ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , species and habitats . ### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , which includes ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a huge body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , species and habitats .


### the europe 2020 strategy’s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy security . the roadmap to resource efficient europe43 and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy44 are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives . ### the europe 2020 strategy’s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to make competitive an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , decouples , as far as possible , economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , aims at innovation and promotes greater energy security . the roadmap to resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , since they take some of the various possible scenarios as benchmarks for future actions to deliver on these objectives .


### innovation to improve resource efficiency is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , scarcity and supply constraints . the business sector is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right framework conditions for eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges . ### innovation to improve resource efficiency is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , scarcity and supply constraints . the business sector is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . government action , at union and member state level , should therefore confine itself to providing a general framework for eco - innovation , in order to avoid skewing the natural evolution of the free market towards the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges .


### this key requirement for meeting the environmental challenge also has important socio - economic benefits . potential job growth brought about by the transformation to a low carbon and resource - efficient economy is key for delivering the europe 2020 employment objectives . employment in environmental technologies and service sectors in the eu has been growing by around 3 % annually over recent years . the global market for eco - industries is estimated to be worth at least a trillion euros , and is forecast to almost double over the next 10 years . european companies already have a global lead in recycling and energy efficiency and should be encouraged to benefit from this growth in global demand , supported by the eco - innovation action plan . for example , the european renewables sector alone is expected to generate more than 400 , 000 new jobs by 2020 . ### this key requirement for meeting the environmental challenge also has important socio - economic benefits . potential job growth brought about by the increase in competitiveness of a low carbon and resource - efficient economy is key for delivering the europe 2020 employment objectives . employment in environmental technologies and service sectors in the eu has been growing by around 3 % annually over recent years . the global market for eco - industries is estimated to be worth at least a trillion euros , and is forecast to almost double over the next 10 years . european companies already have a global lead in recycling and energy efficiency and should be encouraged to benefit from this growth in global demand , supported by the eco - innovation action plan . for example , the european renewables sector alone is expected to generate more than 400 , 000 new jobs by 2020 .


### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the milestones identified for 2020 and for building a competitive , low - carbon economy by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 , meeting the 20 % energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy and the on - going debate on conflicts between land use for food and for bio - energy . the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard . ### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is considered to be essential for reaching the milestones identified for 2020 and meeting the objectives for 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 , it is regrettable to note that the implementation of the package is causing an unsustainable increase in the cost of energy and is paradoxically encouraging carbon leakage . it is hoped that the new energy efficiency directive will significantly remedy this problem . as regards the efficient and sustainable use of resources , account should be taken in particular of the ongoing debate on conflicts between land use for food and for biofuels .


### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver its fair share of global efforts . the eu needs to agree the next steps for its climate and energy framework beyond 2020 in order to prepare itself for international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear framework to make the medium - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80% to 95% by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 . ### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver its fair share of global efforts . the eu needs to agree the next steps to prepare itself for international negotiations on a new legally binding global agreement , with the aim of providing member states and industry with a clear framework to make the medium - and long - term investments needed . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective , low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80% to 95% by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will probably continue to be one of the key instruments of eu climate policy beyond 2020 .


### since 80% of all product - related environmental impacts are locked in during their design phase , the eu policy framework should ensure that priority products placed on the eu market are ‘ eco - designed’ with a view to optimising resource and material efficiency , by addressing inter alia recyclability , recycled content and durability . these requirements will have to be implementable and enforceable . efforts will be stepped up at eu and national level to remove barriers to eco - innovation and to unlock the full potential of europe’s eco - industries , generating benefits for green jobs and growth . ### since 80% of all product - related environmental impacts are locked in during their design phase , the eu policy framework should act as an incentive for priority products placed on the eu market to be ‘ eco - designed’ with a view to optimising resource and material efficiency , by addressing inter alia recyclability , recycled content and durability . these requirements will have to be implementable and enforceable . efforts will be stepped up at eu and national level to remove barriers to eco - innovation and to unlock the full potential of europe’s eco - industries , generating benefits for green jobs and growth .


### resource efficiency in the water sector will also be tackled as a priority to help deliver good water status . even though droughts and water scarcity are affecting more and more parts of europe , an estimated 20 - 40 % of europe’s available water is still being wasted , for instance , through leakages in the distribution system . according to available modelling , there is still considerable scope for improving water efficiency in the eu . moreover , rising demand and the impacts of climate change are expected to increase the pressure on europe’s water resources significantly . against this background , the union and member states should take action to ensure water abstraction respects available renewable water resource limits by 2020 , including by improving water efficiency through the use of market mechanisms such as water pricing that reflects the true value of water . progress will be facilitated by accelerated demonstration and rolling out of innovative technologies , systems and business models building on the strategic implementation plan of the european innovation partnership on water . ### resource efficiency in the water sector will also be tackled as a priority to help deliver good water status . even though droughts and water scarcity are affecting more and more parts of europe , an estimated 20 - 40 % of europe’s available water is still being wasted , for instance , through leakages in the distribution system . according to available modelling , there is still considerable scope for improving water efficiency in the eu . moreover , rising demand and the impacts of climate change are expected to increase the pressure on europe’s water resources significantly . against this background , the union and member states should take action to ensure water abstraction respects available renewable water resource limits by 2020 , including by improving water efficiency through the use of market mechanisms such as water pricing that reflects the true value of water , whilst ensuring that each citizen has access to this vital resource . progress will be facilitated by accelerated demonstration and rolling out of innovative technologies , systems and business models building on the strategic implementation plan of the european innovation partnership on water .


### the eu has met its 2020 climate and energy targets and is working towards reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit the average temperature increase below 2&#176 ; c . ### the eu has met climate and energy targets that are consistent with the economic climate and the international situation within the unfccc .


### fully implementing the climate and energy package and agreeing on the eu ' s climate and energy policy framework for the period beyond 2020 . ### freezing the implementation of the climate and energy package , with the exception of energy efficiency standards , until , internationally , a new legally binding global agreement has been signed , with a view to reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2&#176 ; c .


### giving impetus to the public and private research and innovation efforts required for rolling out innovative technologies , systems and business models which will speed up and lower the cost of transition to a low - carbon , resource - efficient economy . ### giving impetus to the public and private research and innovation efforts required for rolling out innovative technologies , systems and business models which will increase the competitiveness and cost - efficiency of a low - carbon , resource - efficient economy .


### fully implementing eu waste legislation . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that landfilling is effectively phased out , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials , recycled waste is used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . ### fully implementing eu waste legislation . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that recyclable and compostable waste is genuinely sent for recycling and recovery , recycled waste is used as an additional , reliable source of raw material for the eu , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed .


### horizontal chemicals legislation provides baseline protection for human health and the environment and promotes the uptake of evolving non - animal testing methods . however , there is still uncertainty about the impacts on human health and the environment from the combined effects of different chemicals , nanomaterials , chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and chemicals in products . in recent years , more information has come to light on the need for action to deal with these challenges , especially if the eu is to attain the goal agreed at the world summit on sustainable development in 2002 , and reaffirmed at the rio + 20 summit , to have ensured ‘ the minimisation of significant adverse effects’ of chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020 and to respond to new and emerging issues and challenges in an effective , efficient , coherent and coordinated manner . the eu will further develop and implement approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors and set out a comprehensive approach for minimising adverse effects of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base . the safety and sustainable management of nanomaterials will be ensured as part of a comprehensive approach involving risk assessment and management , information and monitoring . together these approaches will increase the chemical knowledge base and provide a predictable framework driving the development of more sustainable solutions . ### horizontal chemicals legislation provides baseline protection for human health and the environment and promotes the uptake of evolving non - animal testing methods . however , there is still uncertainty about the impacts on human health and the environment from the combined effects of different chemicals , nanomaterials , chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and chemicals in products . in recent years , more information has come to light on the need for action to deal with these challenges , especially if the eu is to attain the goal agreed at the world summit on sustainable development in 2002 , and reaffirmed at the rio + 20 summit , to have ensured ‘ the minimisation of significant adverse effects’ of chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020 and to respond to new and emerging issues and challenges in an effective , efficient , coherent and coordinated manner . the eu will further develop and implement approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to the adverse effects of endocrine disruptors and set out a comprehensive approach for minimising adverse effects of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base . the safety and sustainable management of nanomaterials will be ensured as part of a comprehensive approach involving risk assessment and management , information and monitoring . together these approaches will increase the chemical knowledge base and provide a predictable framework driving the development of more sustainable solutions .


### the combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors are effectively addressed , and risks for the environment and health associated with the use of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , is assessed and minimised . ### the combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to the adverse effects of endocrine disruptors are effectively addressed , and risks for the environment and health associated with the use of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , is assessed and minimised .


### implementing updated eu policy on air quality , aligned with the latest scientific knowledge , and measures to combat air pollution at source . ### implementing updated eu policy on air quality , aligned with the latest scientific knowledge and variety of geographical and climate conditions , and measures to combat air pollution at source .


### in order to improve the evidence base for environment policy , the programme shall ensure that by 2020 : ### in order to improve the evidence base for environment policy , the programme should ensure that by 2020 :


### the time span covered by this programme corresponds to key phases in international climate , biodiversity and chemical policy . to remain within the 2 °c ceiling , global ghg emissions need to be cut by at least 50 % of their 1990 levels by 2050 . however , only half the emission reductions required by 2020 have been pledged by parties under the unfccc . without more resolute global action , climate change is unlikely to be curtailed . even in a best - case scenario , countries will increasingly face inevitable impacts of climate change because of historical ghg emissions and will need to develop climate adaptation strategies . under the durban platform for enhanced action , a comprehensive and robust agreement applicable to all is to be agreed by 2015 and implemented as of 2020 . the eu will remain engaged proactively in this process , including in discussions on how to close the gap between current emission reduction pledges by developed and developing countries , and on action needed to stay on an emission pathway compatible with the 2oc objective . the follow - up to rio + 20 should also help reduce ghg emissions , thus supporting the fight against climate change . in parallel , the eu should pursue and further intensify climate change partnerships with strategic partners and should take further action to mainstream environment and climate considerations in its development policy . ### the time span covered by this programme corresponds to key phases in international climate , biodiversity and chemical policy . according to the ipcc , to remain within the 2 °c ceiling , global ghg emissions need to be cut by at least 50 % of their 1990 levels by 2050 . however , only half the emission reductions required by 2020 have been pledged by parties under the unfccc . without more resolute global action , climate change is unlikely to be mitigated . even in a best - case scenario , countries will increasingly face inevitable impacts of climate change and will need to develop climate adaptation strategies . under the durban platform for enhanced action , a comprehensive and robust agreement applicable to all is to be agreed by 2015 and implemented as of 2020 . the eu will remain engaged proactively in this process , including in discussions on how to close the gap between current emission reduction pledges by developed and developing countries , and on action needed to stay on an emission pathway compatible with the 2oc objective . the follow - up to rio + 20 should also help reduce ghg emissions , thus supporting the adaptation to climate change . in parallel , the eu should pursue and further intensify climate change partnerships with strategic partners and should take further action to mainstream environment and climate considerations in its external policy on the basis of reciprocity and conditionality .


### the eu should also leverage its position as one of the largest markets in the world to promote policies and approaches that decrease pressure on the global natural resource base . this can be done by changing patterns of consumption and production , as well as ensuring that trade and internal market policies support the achievement of environmental and climate goals and provide incentives to other countries to upgrade and enforce their environmental regulatory frameworks and standards . the eu will continue to promote sustainable development through the negotiation and implementation of dedicated provisions in its international trade agreements and should consider other policy options to reduce the impacts of eu consumption on the environment in non - eu countries . an example of such a policy option are the bilateral forest law enforcement , governance and trade partnerships , which establish a framework to ensure only legally - harvested timber enters the eu market from partner countries . ### the eu should also leverage its position as one of the largest markets in the world to promote policies and approaches that decrease pressure on the global natural resource base . this can be done by changing patterns of consumption and production , as well as ensuring that trade and internal market policies support the achievement of environmental and climate goals and , on the basis of reciprocity , include clauses to ensure that other countries upgrade and enforce their environmental regulatory frameworks and standards and combat environmental dumping . the eu will continue to promote sustainable development through the negotiation and implementation of dedicated provisions in its international trade agreements and should consider other policy options to reduce the impacts of eu consumption on the environment in non - eu countries . an example of such a policy option are the bilateral forest law enforcement , governance and trade partnerships , which establish a framework to ensure only legally - harvested timber enters the eu market from partner countries .


### engaging with partner countries in a more strategic way . this should involve focusing cooperation : 1 ) with strategic partners on the promotion of best practice in domestic environment policy and legislation and convergence in multilateral environmental negotiations ; 2 ) with countries covered by the european neighbourhood policy on gradual approximation with key eu environment and climate policy and legislation and on strengthening cooperation to address regional environmental and climate challenges ; 3 ) with developing countries to support their efforts to protect the environment , fight climate change and reduce natural disasters , and implement international environmental commitments as a contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable development . ### engaging with partner countries in a more strategic way . this should involve focusing cooperation : 1 ) with strategic partners on the promotion of best practice in domestic environment policy and legislation and convergence in multilateral environmental negotiations ; 2 ) with countries covered by the european neighbourhood policy on gradual approximation with key eu environment and climate policy and legislation and on strengthening cooperation to address regional environmental and climate challenges ; 3 ) with developing countries to support their efforts to protect the environment , adapt to climate change and reduce natural disasters , and implement international environmental commitments as a contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable development .


### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting science education , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities . ### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science , society and cultural research and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting science education , education in general and communication , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities .


### with the aim to achieve the greatest possible impact of union funding , horizon 2020 is to develop closer synergies , which may also take the form of public - public partnerships , with national and regional programmes that support research and innovation . ### with the aim to achieve the greatest possible impact of union funding , it is essential for horizon 2020 to develop closer collaboration , which may take the form of public - public partnerships , but should however aim to prioritise the public interest , with regional , national and supra - national programmes that support research and innovation .


### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management systems . ### to achieve these reductions , significant investments need to be made in research , development , demonstration and market roll - out of efficient , safe and reliable low - carbon energy technologies and services . these must go hand in hand with non - technological solutions on both the supply and demand sides . furthermore , these investments must be accompanied by a high - profile public awareness campaign to ensure that european citizens lead the way in introducing the necessary environmental , social and cultural changes . all this must be part of an integrated low - carbon policy , including mastering key enabling technologies , in particular ict solutions and advanced manufacturing , processing and materials . the goal is to produce efficient energy technologies and services that benefit society and can be taken up widely on european and international markets and to establish intelligent demand - side management based on an open and transparent energy trade market and intelligent energy efficiency management and monitoring systems .


### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . ### the aim is to enhance solidarity , intercommunication and social , economic , political and cultural inclusion in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discrimination , ignorance , illiteracy , gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , in european societies and other world regions .


### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s response capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover response to pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s response capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover response to pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should , within the limits of its remit , assist the commission in analysing , inside and outside the territory of the union , the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution .


### the union has established a comprehensive maritime transport strategy up to 2018 , which includes the e - maritime concept . furthermore , it is developing an eu maritime surveillance network . the agency has maritime systems and applications available which are of interest for the realisation of these policies . therefore the agency should make the systems and the data available to interested partners . ### the union has established a comprehensive maritime transport strategy up to 2018 , which includes the e - maritime concept . furthermore , it is developing an eu maritime surveillance network . the agency has maritime systems and applications available which are of interest for the realisation of these policies . in order to attain these objectives , safeseanet should become the core system for all maritime information tools used in connection with maritime security and safety and the protection of the marine environment from ship - source pollution . in addition , it is necessary to ensure interoperability between ict systems in waterborne transport , to establish the necessary port facilities and to monitor vessels and goods . therefore the agency should make the systems and the data available to interested partners and arrange for integration of recourse to the surveillance instruments of all the institutions concerned .


### at the request of the commission , the administrative board may decide , with the agreement of the member states concerned , to establish the regional centres necessary in order to carry out the agency ' s tasks in the most efficient and effective way . ### at the request of the commission , the administrative board may decide , with the agreement of the member states concerned , to establish the regional centres necessary in order to carry out the agency ' s tasks in the most efficient and effective way . the administrative board may decide to establish such regional centres only if the state concerned finances their establishment and maintenance .


### the lack of a harmonised approach on ingredients regulation affects the functioning of the internal market and impacts on the free movement of goods across the eu . some member states have adopted legislation or entered into binding agreements with the industry allowing or prohibiting certain ingredients . as a result , some ingredients are regulated in some member states , but not in others . member states are also taking different approaches as regards additives integrated in the filter of cigarettes as well as additives colouring the tobacco smoke . without harmonisation , the obstacles on the internal market are expected to increase in the coming years taking into account the implementation of the fctc and its guidelines and considering experience gained in other jurisdictions outside the union . the guidelines on articles 9 and 10 fctc call in particular for the removal of ingredients that increase palatability , create the impression that the tobacco products have health benefits , are associated with energy and vitality or have colouring properties . ### the lack of a harmonised approach on ingredients regulation affects the functioning of the internal market and impacts on the free movement of goods across the eu . some member states have adopted legislation or entered into binding agreements with the industry allowing or prohibiting certain ingredients . as a result , some ingredients are regulated in some member states , but not in others . member states are also taking different approaches as regards additives integrated in the filter of cigarettes as well as additives colouring the tobacco smoke .


### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas savings with low risk of causing indirect land use change and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as these are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop based biofuel technologies . further incentives should be provided by increasing the weighting of advanced biofuels towards 10% target for transport set in directive 2009 / 28 / ec compared to conventional biofuels . in this context , only advanced biofuels with low estimated indirect land use change impacts and high overall greenhouse gas savings should be supported as part of the post 2020 renewable energy policy framework . ### liquid renewable fuels are likely to be required by the transport sector in order to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions . advanced biofuels , such as those made from wastes and algae , provide high greenhouse gas savings with no risk of causing indirect land use change and do not compete directly for agricultural land for the food and feed markets . after prior scientific assessment about their merits and their true sustainability . it is appropriate , therefore , to encourage greater production of such advanced biofuels as these are currently not commercially available in large quantities , in part due to competition for public subsidies with established food crop based biofuel technologies . further incentives should be provided by increasing the weighting of advanced biofuels towards 10% target for transport set in directive 2009 / 28 / ec compared to conventional biofuels . in this context , only advanced biofuels which meet sustainability criteria , which do not compete with food for land , water or other resources and which have no estimated indirect land use change impacts and high overall greenhouse gas savings should be supported as part of the post 2020 renewable energy policy framework .


### an integrated and efficient financial market requires market integrity . the smooth functioning of securities markets and public confidence in markets are prerequisites for economic growth and wealth . market abuse harms the integrity of financial markets and public confidence in securities and derivatives . ### an integrated and efficient financial market and stronger investor confidence requires market integrity . the smooth functioning of securities markets and public confidence in markets are prerequisites for economic growth and wealth . market abuse harms the integrity of financial markets and public confidence in securities and derivatives .


### when placing a product covered by this directive on the market , importers should indicate on the product their name and the address at which they can be contacted . exceptions should be provided for in cases where the size or nature of a component does not allow for such an indication . ### when placing a product covered by this directive on the market , importers should indicate on the product their name and the address at which they can be contacted . where the size or nature of a component does not allow for such an indication , they should supply appropriate documentation by which it can be identified .


### the commission shall ensure that the quantity of hydrofluorocarbons that producers and importers are entitled to place on the market in the union each year does not exceed the maximum quantity for the year in question calculated in accordance with annex v . each producer and importer shall ensure that the quantity of hydrofluorocarbons calculated in accordance with annex v that it places on the market does not exceed the quota allocated to it pursuant to article 14 or transferred to it pursuant to article 16 . ### the commission shall ensure that the quantity of hydrofluorocarbons as listed in annexes i and ii that producers and importers of hydrofluorocarbons or products containing hydrofluorocarbons are entitled to place on the market in the union each year does not exceed the maximum quantity for the year in question calculated in accordance with annex v . each producer and importer of hydrofluorocarbons or products containing hydrofluorocarbons shall ensure that the quantity of hydrofluorocarbons calculated in accordance with annex v that it places on the market does not exceed the quota allocated to it pursuant to article 14 or transferred to it pursuant to article 16 .


### by 31 march 2014 and every year after that , each producer , importer and exporter that produced , imported or exported more than one metric tonne or 1&#160 ; 000 tonnes of co2 equivalent of fluorinated greenhouse gases and gases listed in annex ii during the preceding calendar year shall report to the commission the data specified in annex vii on each of those substances for that calendar year . ### by 31 march 2014 and every year after that , each undertaking that produced , imported or exported more than 1&#160 ; 000 tonnes of co2 equivalent of fluorinated greenhouse gases during the preceding calendar year shall report to the commission the data specified in annex vii on each of those substances for that calendar year .


### ' standard ' means a technical specification for repeated or continuous application , with which compliance is not compulsory , and which is one of the following : ### ' standard ' means a technical specification for repeated or continuous application , with which compliance is not compulsory , unless referred to in european regulations , and which is one of the following :


### each european and national standardisation body shall promptly reply to , and take due account of , any comments received from any other european and national standardisation body and the commission with respect to any such draft . ### each european and national standardisation body shall promptly reply to , and take due account of , any comments received from any other european and national standardisation body and the commission with respect to any such draft . the reply by a national standardisation body shall be provided within a maximum period of three months .


### the performance of preliminary or ancillary work in connection with european standardisation , including studies , cooperation activities , seminars , evaluations , comparative analyses , research work , laboratory work , inter - laboratory tests , conformity evaluation work and measures to ensure that the periods for the development and the revision of european standards or european standardisation deliverables are shortened ; ### the performance of preliminary or ancillary work in connection with european standardisation , including studies , cooperation activities , seminars , evaluations , comparative analyses , research work , laboratory work , inter - laboratory tests , conformity evaluation work and measures to aim , within the technical and financial constraints , that the periods for the development and the revision of european standards or european standardisation deliverables are shortened as far as possible , but not to the detriment of the principles of openness , quality , transparency and consensus among all interested parties ;


### the commission shall decide on the financing arrangements referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 , on the amounts of the grants and , where necessary , on the maximum percentage of financing by type of activity . ### the commission shall agree with the european standardisation organisations on the financing arrangements referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 , on the amounts of the grants and , where necessary , on the maximum percentage of financing by type of activity . such agreement shall be based on a multi - annual financial plan , with clear guidance to be applicable to all relevant commission services .


### the programme should include a strong international dimension particularly as regards higher education , not only to enhance the quality of european higher education in pursuit of the broader et2020 objectives and the attractiveness of the union as a study destination , but also to promote understanding between people and contribution to the sustainable development of higher education in the third countries . ### the programme should include a strong international dimension particularly as regards higher education , not only to enhance the quality of european higher education in pursuit of the broader et2020 objectives and the attractiveness of the union as a study and research destination , but also to promote understanding between people and contribution to the sustainable development of higher education in the third countries . in this connection , attention is drawn to the europe 2020 target of investing at least 3% of gdp in research and innovation .


### to improve the level of key competences and skills regarding in particular their relevance for the labour market and society , as well as the participation of young people in democratic life in europe , notably through increased learning mobility opportunities for young people , learners , staff and youth workers , and through strengthened cooperation between education youth and the world of labour market ; ### to improve the level of key competences and skills regarding in particular the labour market and society , as well as the participation of young people in democratic life in europe , notably through increased mobility opportunities for young people resulting from strengthened cooperation between education youth and the world of labour market ;


### cooperation for innovation and good practices , ### cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices


### the commission in cooperation with member states shall ensure the dissemination of information , publicity and follow - up with regard to actions supported under the programme , as well as the dissemination of the results of the previous lifelong learning , erasmus mundus and youth in action programmes . ### the commission in cooperation with member states shall ensure the dissemination of information , publicity and follow - up with regard to all actions and activities supported by the programme , as well as the dissemination of the results of the previous lifelong learning , erasmus mundus and youth in action programmes .


### ‘ field safety corrective action’ means corrective action taken by the manufacturer for technical or medical reasons to prevent or reduce the risk of a serious incident in relation to a device made available on the market ; ### field safety corrective action : a field safety corrective action is an action taken by a manufacturer to reduce a risk of death or serious deterioration in the state of health associated with the use of a medical device ;


### member states may impose audit procedures or requirements in addition to the international auditing standards only if those audit procedures or requirements stem from specific national legal requirements relating to the scope of statutory audits . member states shall ensure that those audit procedures or requirements comply with the following conditions : ### member states may also stipulate in more detail about the application of the international auditing standards .


### in the online music sector , where collective management of authors ' rights on a territorial basis remains the norm , it is essential to create conditions conducive to the most effective licensing practices by collecting societies , in an increasingly cross - border context . it is therefore appropriate to provide for a set of rules coordinating basic conditions for the provision by collecting societies of multi - territorial collective licensing of authors ' online rights in musical works . these provisions should ensure the necessary minimum quality of the cross - border services provided by collecting societies , notably in terms of transparency of repertoire represented and accuracy of financial flows related to the use of the rights . they should also set out a framework for facilitating the voluntary aggregation of music repertoire and thus reducing the number of licences a user needs to operate a multi - territorial service . these provisions should enable a collecting society to request another collecting society to represent its repertoire on a multi - territorial basis where it cannot fulfil the requirements itself . there should be an obligation on the requested society , provided that it aggregates repertoire and offers or grants multi - territorial licences , to accept the mandate of the requesting society . the development of legal online music services across the union should also contribute to the fight against piracy . ### unlike other creative sectors where direct licensing plays a more prominent role , the collective management of authors ' rights on a territorial basis remains the norm in the music sector . therefore , it is essential to create conditions conducive to the most effective licensing practices by collecting societies , in an increasingly cross - border context . it is therefore appropriate to provide for a set of rules coordinating basic conditions for the provision by collecting societies of multi - territorial collective licensing of authors ' online rights in musical works . these provisions should ensure the necessary minimum quality of the cross - border services provided by collecting societies , notably in terms of transparency of repertoire represented and accuracy of financial flows related to the use of the rights . they should also set out a framework for facilitating the voluntary aggregation of music repertoire and thus reducing the number of licences a user needs to operate a multi - territorial service . these provisions should enable a collecting society to request another collecting society to represent its repertoire on a multi - territorial basis where it cannot fulfil the requirements itself . there should be an obligation on the requested society , provided that it aggregates repertoire and offers or grants multi - territorial licences , to accept the mandate of the requesting society . the development of legal online music services across the union should also contribute to the fight against piracy .


### member states shall ensure that , where a collecting society provides social , cultural or educational services funded through deductions from rights revenue , rightholders are entitled to the following : ### member states shall ensure that , where a collecting society provides social , cultural or educational services funded through deductions from rights revenue , such services shall be provided on the basis of fair criteria , in particular in relation to the access to and the extent of those services .


### the union is committed to strengthening the social dimension of globalisation by promoting decent work and labour standards internationally , either directly vis - à - vis third countries or indirectly through cooperation with international organisations . accordingly , suitable relations need to be developed with third countries not participating in the programme in order to help achieve its objectives , having regard to any agreements of relevance between such countries and the union . this may involve the attendance of representatives of these third countries at events of mutual interest that take place in countries participating in the programme . in addition , cooperation should be developed with the international organisations concerned , and in particular the international labour organisation , the council of europe and the organisation for economic cooperation and development , with a view to implementing the programme in a way that takes the role of such organisations into account . ### the union is committed to strengthening the social dimension of globalisation firstly by striving to limit the social cost of globalisation to its citizens , and secondly by promoting decent work and labour standards internationally , either directly vis - à - vis third countries or indirectly through cooperation with international organisations . accordingly , suitable relations need to be developed with third countries not participating in the programme in order to help achieve its objectives , having regard to any agreements of relevance between such countries and the union . this may involve the attendance of representatives of these third countries at events of mutual interest that take place in countries participating in the programme . in addition , cooperation should be developed with the international organisations concerned , and in particular the international labour organisation , the council of europe and the organisation for economic cooperation and development , with a view to implementing the programme in a way that takes the role of such organisations into account .


### pursuant to article 9 of the treaty , the programme should ensure that the requirements linked to the promotion of a high - level of employment , a guarantee of adequate social protection and the fight against social exclusion are taken into account in defining and implementing the union’s policies and activities . ### pursuant to article 9 of the treaty , the programme should ensure that the requirements linked to the promotion of a high - level of employment , a guarantee of adequate social protection whilst respecting national traditions , and the fight against social exclusion are taken into account in defining and implementing the union’s policies and activities .


### this regulation establishes a european union programme for social change and innovation which aims to contribute to the implementation of the europe 2020 strategy , its headline targets and integrated guidelines by providing financial support for the european union ' s objectives in terms of promoting a high level of employment , guaranteeing adequate social protection , combating social exclusion and poverty and improving working conditions . ### this regulation establishes a european union programme for social change and innovation which aims to contribute to the implementation of the europe 2020 strategy , its headline targets and integrated guidelines by providing financial support for the european union ' s objectives in terms of promoting a high level of employment , guaranteeing adequate social protection whilst respecting national traditions , combating social exclusion and poverty and improving working conditions .


### promote workers’ geographical mobility and boost employment opportunities by developing union labour markets that are open and accessible to all ; ### promote workers’ geographical mobility and boost employment opportunities by developing union labour markets that are open and accessible to all ; the promotion of such mobility must not , however , detract from the fact that workers in the union should have work opportunities in their own member states too ; any desire they might have to seek work in other member states must be the consequence of their free choice rather than an obligation dictated by a lack of job prospects in their own member state of origin ; the promotion of mobility should not , therefore , make it easier for workers to ' flee ' from member states with higher unemployment rates to the more prosperous member states , since this could deprive member states in difficulty of the resources they need to overcome the crisis ;


### member states shall ensure that an enforceable title can be obtained , irrespective of the amount of the debt , within 90 calendar days of the lodging of the creditor ' s action or application at the court or other competent authority , provided that the debt or aspects of the procedure are not disputed . 2 . national legislation , regulations and administrative provisions shall apply the same conditions for all creditors who are established in the community . ### member states shall ensure that an enforceable title can be obtained , through an expedited procedure set up under national law , irrespective of the amount of the debt , within 90 calendar days of the lodging of the creditor ' s action or application at the court or other competent authority , provided that the debt or aspects of the procedure are not disputed . in this respect , creditors shall be given the possibility to have recourse to a widely accessible telematic claims system . 2 . national legislation , regulations and administrative provisions and the telematic claims system referred to in paragraph 1 shall apply the same conditions for all creditors who are established in the community .


### it must observe , in particular in its programme and in its activities , and through those of its members , the values on which the european union is founded , namely respect for human dignity , freedom , democracy , equality , the rule of law and respect for human rights , including the rights of persons belonging to minorities , ### it must observe , in particular in its programme and in its activities , and through those of its members , the values on which the european union is founded , namely respect for human dignity , freedom , democracy , equality , the rule of law and respect for human rights , including the rights of religious persons ,


### venture capital provides finance to undertakings that are generally very small , in the initial stages of their corporate existence and display a strong potential for growth and expansion . in addition , venture capital funds provide these undertakings with valuable expertise and knowledge , business contacts , brand - equity and strategic advice . by providing finance and advice to these undertakings , venture capital funds stimulates economic growth , contribute to the creation of jobs , boost innovative undertakings , increase their investment in research and development and foster entrepreneurship , innovation and competitiveness in the union . ### venture capital provides finance to undertakings that are generally very small , in the initial stages of their corporate existence and display a strong potential for growth and expansion . in addition , venture capital funds provide these undertakings with valuable expertise and knowledge , business contacts , brand - equity and strategic advice . by providing finance and advice to these undertakings , venture capital funds stimulates economic growth , contribute to the creation of jobs and capital mobilisation , foster the establishment and expansion of innovative undertakings , increase their investment in research and development and foster entrepreneurship , innovation and competitiveness in the union .


### compliant and trustworthy economic operators should , as ‘ authorised economic operators’ , be able to take maximum advantage of widespread use of simplification and , taking account of security and safety aspects , benefit from reduced levels of customs control . they may thus enjoy the status of authorised economic operator for customs simplifications or the status of authorised economic operator for security and safety . they may be granted one or other status , or both together . ### compliant and trustworthy economic operators who help to secure the customs clearance chain and the european union ' s financial interests should , as ' authorised economic operators ' , be able to take maximum advantage of widespread use of simplification and , taking account of security and safety aspects , should enjoy practical benefits including reduced levels of customs control . they may thus enjoy the status of authorised economic operator for customs simplifications or the status of authorised economic operator for security and safety . they may be granted one or other status , or both together .


### ‘ declaration for temporary storage’ means the act whereby a person indicates , in the prescribed form and manner , that goods are placed or intended to be placed under that procedure ; ### ‘ declaration for temporary storage’ means the act whereby a person indicates , in the prescribed form and manner , that goods are or are intended to be in temporary storage ;


### where a comprehensive guarantee is to be provided for customs debts and other charges which may be incurred , an economic operator may be authorised to use a comprehensive guarantee with a reduced amount or to have a guarantee waiver provided that he fulfils the criteria laid down in article 22 and ### an economic operator may be authorised to use a comprehensive guarantee with a reduced amount or to have a guarantee waiver provided that he fulfils the criteria laid down in article 22 and


### where the customs debt is incurred as the result of an act which , at the time it was committed , was liable to give rise to criminal court proceedings , the three year period laid down in paragraph 1 shall be extended to a period of ten years . ### where the customs debt is incurred as the result of an act which , at the time it was committed , was liable to give rise to criminal court proceedings , the three year period laid down in paragraph 1 shall be extended to a period of five years .


### the person presenting the goods shall make a reference to the entry summary declaration or customs declaration which has been lodged in respect of the goods , except where the lodging of such declaration is not required . ### the person presenting the goods shall make a reference to the entry summary declaration or customs declaration or declaration for temporary storage which has been lodged in respect of the goods , except where the lodging of an entry summary declaration is not required .


### where non - union goods presented to customs are not covered by an entry summary declaration , and except where the lodging of such declaration is not required , the holder of the goods shall lodge such a declaration or a customs declaration replacing it immediately . ### where non - union goods presented to customs are not covered by an entry summary declaration , and except where the lodging of such declaration is not required , one of the persons referred to in article 114 shall immediately lodge an entry summary declaration or a customs declaration or a declaration for temporary storage replacing the entry summary declaration .


### formalities after presentation ### temporary storage of goods


### obligation to place non - union goods under a customs procedure ### obligation to place goods in temporary storage under a customs procedure


### without prejudice to articles 167 , 168 and 169 non - union&#160 ; goods presented to customs shall be placed under a customs procedure . ### non - union&#160 ; goods in temporary storage shall be placed under a customs procedure or re - exported within a specific time - limit .


### except as otherwise provided , the declarant shall be free to choose the customs procedure under which he wishes to place the goods , under the conditions for that procedure , irrespective of their nature or quantity , or their country of origin , consignment or destination . ### except where otherwise provided , the declarant shall be free to choose the customs procedure under which he wishes to place the goods , under the conditions for that procedure , irrespective of their nature or quantity , or their country of origin , consignment or destination .


### all goods intended to be placed under a customs procedure , except for the free zone and the temporary storage procedures , shall be covered by a customs declaration appropriate for the particular procedure . ### all goods intended to be placed under a customs procedure , except for the free zone procedure , shall be covered by a customs declaration appropriate for the particular procedure .


### the customs authorities may authorise a person to lodge , at the customs office responsible for the place where he is established a customs declaration for goods which are presented to customs at another customs office . in such cases , the customs debt shall be deemed to be incurred at the customs office at which the customs declaration is lodged . ### the customs authorities may authorise an authorized economic operator authorised under points and of article 21 to lodge , at the customs office responsible for the place where he is established a customs declaration for goods which are presented to customs at another customs office . in such cases , the customs debt shall be deemed to be incurred at the customs office at which the customs declaration is lodged .


### storage , which shall comprise temporary storage , customs warehousing and free zones ; ### storage , which shall comprise customs warehousing and free zones ;


### the operation of storage facilities for the temporary storage or customs warehousing of goods , except where the storage facility operator is the customs authority itself . ### the operation of storage facilities for the customs warehousing of goods , except where the storage facility operator is the customs authority itself .


### the customs authorities may , where an economic need exists and customs supervision will not be adversely affected , authorise the storage of union goods in a storage facility for temporary storage or customs warehousing . those goods shall not be regarded as being under the temporary storage or customs warehousing procedure . ### the customs authorities may , where an economic need exists and customs supervision will not be adversely affected , authorise the storage of union goods in a storage facility for customs warehousing . those goods shall not be regarded as being under the customs warehousing procedure .


### ensuring that goods under the temporary storage or customs warehousing procedures are not removed from customs supervision ; ### ensuring that goods under customs warehousing procedures are not removed from customs supervision ;


### fulfilling the obligations arising from the storage of goods covered by the temporary storage or customs warehousing procedures ; ### fulfilling the obligations arising from the storage of goods covered by the customs warehousing procedures ;


### complying with the particular conditions specified in the authorisation for the operation of a customs warehouse or temporary storage facilities . ### complying with the particular conditions specified in the authorisation for the operation of a customs warehouse facilities .


### the holder of the procedure shall be responsible for fulfilling the obligations arising from the placing of the goods under the temporary storage or customs warehousing procedures . ### the holder of the procedure shall be responsible for fulfilling the obligations arising from the placing of the goods under the customs warehousing procedures .