### ensure that only projects which contribute to the diversification of their energy mix and sources of supply , the necessary restructuring , environmental upgrading and retrofitting of the infrastructure , clean technologies and modernisation of the energy production , transmission and distribution sectors are eligible to bid ; ### ensure that only projects which contribute to the diversification of their renewable energy - related technologies and sources of supply , the necessary restructuring , environmental upgrading and retrofitting of the infrastructure , clean technologies and modernisation of the clean energy production , transmission and distribution sectors are eligible to bid ;


### ' 2 . for the period referred to in article 13 beginning on 1 january 2013 , and , in the absence of any amendments following the review referred to in article 30 , for each subsequent period , the total quantity of allowances to be allocated to aircraft operators shall be equivalent to 95 % of the historical aviation emissions multiplied by the number of years in the period . this percentage may be reviewed as part of the general review of this directive . ' ### in article 3c , paragraph 2 is replaced by the following : ' 2 . in the absence of any amendments following the review referred to in article 30 , the total quantity of allowances for aviation activities shall decrease annually to achieve the same emission reductions by 2030 as the other activities covered by the eu ets . '


### member states should partially compensate , in accordance with state aid rules , certain installations in sectors or sub - sectors which have been determined to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage because of costs related to greenhouse gas emissions passed on in electricity prices . the protocol and accompanying decisions adopted by the conference of the parties in paris need to provide for the dynamic mobilisation of climate finance , technology transfer and capacity building for eligible parties , particularly those with least capabilities . public sector climate finance will continue to play an important role in mobilising resources after 2020 . therefore , auction revenues should also be used for climate financing actions in vulnerable third countries , including adaptation to the impacts of climate . the amount of climate finance to be mobilised will also depend on the ambition and quality of the proposed intended nationally determined contributions , subsequent investment plans and national adaptation planning processes . member states should also use auction revenues to promote skill formation and reallocation of labour affected by the transition of jobs in a decarbonising economy . ### the protocol and accompanying decisions adopted by the conference of the parties in paris need to provide for the dynamic mobilisation of climate finance , technology transfer and capacity building for eligible parties , particularly those with least capabilities . public sector climate finance will continue to play an important role in mobilising resources after 2020 . therefore , auction revenues should also be used for climate financing actions in vulnerable third countries , including adaptation to the impacts of climate . the amount of climate finance to be mobilised will also depend on the ambition and quality of the proposed intended nationally determined contributions , subsequent investment plans and national adaptation planning processes . member states should also address the social aspects of decarbonising their economies and use auction revenues to promote skill formation and reallocation of labour affected by the transition of jobs in a decarbonising economy .


### to preserve the environmental benefit of emission reductions in the union while actions by other countries do not provide comparable incentives to industry to reduce emissions , free allocation should continue to installations in sectors and sub - sectors at genuine risk of carbon leakage . experience gathered during the operation of the eu ets confirmed that sectors and sub - sectors are at risk of carbon leakage to varying degrees , and that free allocation has prevented carbon leakage . while some sectors and sub - sectors can be deemed at a higher risk of carbon leakage , others are able to pass on a considerable share of the costs of allowances to cover their emissions in product prices without losing market share and only bear the remaining part of the costs so that they are at a low risk of carbon leakage . the commission should determine and differentiate the relevant sectors based on their trade intensity and their emissions intensity to better identify sectors at a genuine risk of carbon leakage . where , based on these criteria , a threshold determined by taking into account the respective possibility for sectors and sub - sectors concerned to pass on costs in product prices is exceeded , the sector or sub - sector should be deemed at risk of carbon leakage . others should be considered at a low risk or at no risk of carbon leakage . taking into account the possibilities for sectors and sub - sectors outside of electricity generation to pass on costs in product prices should also reduce windfall profits . ### the study commissioned by the commission from a consortium of research and analysis centres in 2013 has concluded that during the years 2005 - 2012 no carbon leakage as defined by the directive has occurred and that the slight fluctuations in imports / exports observed is attributable to the global demand development and input price differences . according to a recent study , differences in electricity prices are unlikely to significantly affect the union market and , even for energy intensive sectors , the electricity price could account for roughly the 0 . 01% of changes in the market flow . the same study has concluded that with a co2 price of eur 40 - 65 per ton imports would increase by less than 0 . 05% and exports would decrease approximately by 0 . 2% .


### ' to fund financial measures in favour of sectors or subsectors that are exposed to a genuine risk of carbon leakage due to significant indirect costs that are actually incurred from greenhouse gas emission costs passed on in electricity prices , provided that these measures meet the conditions set out in article 10a ; ' ### ' to fund the dissemination of renewable energies and to support sectors or subsectors conventionally defined as exposed to a genuine risk of carbon leakage due to their significant indirect costs , determined by the use of an increased share of renewables - generated power and by the reduction of the costs incurred from greenhouse gas emissions costs passed on in electricity prices ; '


### by derogation from article 10a to , member states which had in 2013 a gdp per capita in &#8364 ; at market prices below 60% of the union average may give a transitional free allocation to installations for electricity production for the modernisation of the energy sector . ### by way of derogation from article 10a to , member states which had in 2013 a gdp per capita in eur at market prices below 60% of the union average may give transitional free allocation to installations for electricity generation for the modernisation of the energy sector .


### the european council confirmed that the modalities , including transparency , of the optional free allocation to modernise the energy sector in certain member states should be improved . investments with a value of €10 million or more should be selected by the member state concerned through a competitive bidding process on the basis of clear and transparent rules to ensure that free allocation is used to promote real investments modernising the energy sector in line with the energy union objectives . investments with a value of less than €10 million should also be eligible for funding from the free allocation . the member state concerned should select such investments based on clear and transparent criteria . the results of this selection process should be subject to public consultation . the public should be duly kept informed at the stage of the selection of investment projects as well as of their implementation . ### the european council confirmed that the modalities , including transparency , of the optional free allocation to modernise the energy sector in certain member states should be improved . investments with a value of €10 million or more should be selected by the member state concerned through a competitive bidding process on the basis of clear and transparent rules to ensure that free allocation is used to promote real investments in promoting the large scale use of renewables , in line with the energy union objectives . investments with a value of less than €10 million should also be eligible for funding from the free allocation . the member state concerned should select such investments based on clear and transparent criteria . the results of this selection process should be subject to public consultation . the public should be duly kept informed at the stage of the selection of investment projects as well as of their implementation .


### ‘ 3a . an obligation to surrender allowances shall not arise in respect of emissions verified as captured and transported for permanent storage to a facility for which a permit is in force in accordance with directive 2009 / 31 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide &#160 ; oj l 140 , 5 . 6 . 2009 , p . 114 . ' ### in article 12 , paragraph 3a is deleted .


### the auctioning of allowances remains the general rule , with free allocation as the exception . consequently , and as confirmed by the european council , the share of allowances to be auctioned , which was 57% over the period 2013 - 2020 , should not be reduced . the commission ' s impact assessment18 provides details on the auction share and specifies that this 57% share is made up of allowances auctioned on behalf of member states , including allowances set aside for new entrants but not allocated , allowances for modernising electricity generation in some member states and allowances which are to be auctioned at a later point in time because of their placement in the market stability reserve established by decision 2015 / … of the european parliament and of the council19 . __________________ 18 secxx 19 decision 2015 / … of the european parliament and of the council of … concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and amending directive 2003 / 87 / ec . ### the auctioning of allowances remains the general rule , with free allocation as the exception . the european council agreed that the share of allowances to be auctioned , which was estimated by the commission to be 57% over the period 2013 - 2020 , should not be reduced . the commission ' s impact assessment18 provides details on the auction share and specifies that this 57% share is made up of allowances auctioned on behalf of member states , including allowances set aside for new entrants but not allocated , allowances for modernising electricity generation in some member states and allowances which are to be auctioned at a later point in time because of their placement in the market stability reserve established by decision 2015 / 1814 of the european parliament and of the council 19 . however , given that future growth rates are unpredictable , that there is a need to encourage industrial growth and in order to mitigate the effect of a cross sectoral correction factor , flexibility should be introduced to the eu ets with a view to enabling a transfer of a limited number of allowances from the auctioning share to the free allowances share in the event of such a factor being applicable . __________________ 18 swd135 19 decision 2015 / 1814 of the european parliament and of the council of 6 october 2015 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and amending directive 2003 / 87 / ec .


### the main long - term incentive from this directive for the capture and storage of co2 , new renewable energy technologies and breakthrough innovation in low - carbon technologies and processes is the carbon price signal it creates and that allowances will not need to be surrendered for co2 emissions which are permanently stored or avoided . in addition , to supplement the resources already being used to accelerate demonstration of commercial ccs facilities and innovative renewable energy technologies , eu ets allowances should be used to provide guaranteed rewards for deployment of ccs facilities , new renewable energy technologies and industrial innovation in low - carbon technologies and processes in the union for co2 stored or avoided on a sufficient scale , provided an agreement on knowledge sharing is in place . the majority of this support should be dependent on verified avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions , while some support may be given when pre - determined milestones are reached taking into account the technology deployed . the maximum percentage of project costs to be supported may vary by category of project . ### the main long - term incentive from this directive for new renewable energy technologies and breakthrough innovation in low - carbon technologies and processes is the carbon price signal it creates and that allowances will not need to be surrendered for co2 emissions which are permanently avoided . in addition , to supplement the resources already being used to accelerate demonstration of innovative renewable energy technologies , eu ets allowances should be used to provide guaranteed rewards for deployment of new renewable energy technologies and industrial innovation in low - carbon technologies and processes in the union for co2 avoided on a sufficient scale , provided an agreement on knowledge sharing is in place . this support should be dependent on verified avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions . the maximum percentage of project costs to be supported may vary by category of project .


### starting in 2021 , the linear factor shall be 2 . 2% . ### starting in 2021 , the quantity of allowances shall decrease by a linear factor of 4% compared to the average annual quantity of total verified emissions for the period 2016 - 2018 . the commission shall review the linear factor and submit a proposal , where appropriate , to the european parliament and to the council within six months of facilitative dialogue to be convened under the unfccc in 2018 , within six months of the global stocktake foreseen in 2023 and on the occasion of all of subsequent global stocktakes thereafter .


### a modernisation fund should be established from 2% of the total eu ets allowances , and auctioned in accordance with the rules and modalities for auctions taking place on the common auction platform set out in regulation 1031 / 2010 . member states who in 2013 had a gdp per capita at market exchange rates of below 60% below the union average should be eligible for funding from the modernisation fund and derogate up to 2030 from the principle of full auctioning for electricity generation by using the option of free allocation in order to transparently promote real investments modernising their energy sector while avoiding distortions of the internal energy market . the rules for governing the modernisation fund should provide a coherent , comprehensive and transparent framework to ensure the most efficient implementation possible , taking into account the need for easy access by all participants . the function of the governance structure should be commensurate with the purpose of ensuring the appropriate use of the funds . that governance structure should be composed of an investment board and a management committee and due account should be taken of the expertise of the eib in the decision - making process unless support is provided to small projects through loans from a national promotional banks or through grants via a national programme sharing the objectives of the modernisation fund . investments financed from the fund should be proposed by the member states . to ensure that the investment needs in low income member states are adequately addressed , the distribution of funds will take into account in equal shares verified emissions and gdp criteria . the financial assistance from the modernisation fund could be provided through different forms . ### a modernisation fund should be established from 2% of the total eu ets allowances , and auctioned in accordance with the rules and modalities for auctions taking place on the common auction platform set out in regulation 1031 / 2010 . member states who in 2013 had a gdp per capita at market exchange rates of below 60% below the union average should be eligible for funding from the modernisation fund and derogate up to 2030 from the principle of full auctioning by using the option of free allocation in order to stimulate the introduction and the dissemination of renewables while avoiding any funding for any fossil fuel based power plant . the rules for governing the modernisation fund should provide a coherent , comprehensive and transparent framework to ensure the most efficient implementation possible , taking into account the need for easy access by all participants . the function of the governance structure should be commensurate with the purpose of ensuring the appropriate use of the funds . that governance structure should be composed of an investment board and a management committee and due account should be taken of the expertise of the eib in the decision - making process unless support is provided to small projects through loans from a national promotional banks or through grants via a national programme sharing the objectives of the modernisation fund . investments financed from the fund should be proposed by the member states . to ensure that the investment needs in low income member states are adequately addressed , the distribution of funds will take into account in equal shares verified emissions and gdp criteria . the financial assistance from the modernisation fund could be provided through different forms .


### from 2021 , allowances not allocated to installations because of the application of paragraphs 19 and 20 shall be added to the reserve . ### from 2021 onwards , any allowances not allocated to installations because of the application of paragraphs 19 and 20 shall be added to the reserve . allowances which are in the reserve by 2030 shall be cancelled .


### where necessary , the commission may adopt amendments to provide for flights arriving from the third country concerned to be excluded from the aviation activities listed in annex i or to provide for any other amendments to the aviation activities listed in annex i which are required by an agreement pursuant to the fourth subparagraph . the commission shall be empowered to adopt such amendments in accordance with article 23 . ### where necessary , the commission may submit a legislative proposal to the european parliament and council to provide for flights arriving from the third country concerned to be excluded from the aviation activities listed in annex i or to provide for any other amendments to the aviation activities listed in annex i which are required by an agreement with that third country .


### ' 4 . it shall be for member states to determine the use to be made of revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances . those revenues should be used to tackle climate change in the eu and third countries , inter alia , to reduce greenhouse gas emissions , to adapt to the impacts of climate change in the eu and third countries , especially developing countries , to fund research and development for mitigation and adaptation , including in particular in the fields of aeronautics and air transport , to reduce emissions through low - emission transport and to cover the cost of administering the community scheme . the proceeds of auctioning should also be used to fund contributions to the global energy efficiency and renewable energy fund , and measures to avoid deforestation . member states shall inform the commission of actions taken pursuant to this paragraph . ' ### in article 3d , paragraph 4 is replaced by the following : ' 4 . all revenues shall be used to tackle climate actions in vulnerable developing countries , in particular to fund adaptation , through the united nations green climate fund . '


### the allowances shall be made available for innovation in low - carbon industrial technologies and processes and support for demonstration projects for the development of a wide range of ccs and innovative renewable energy technologies that are not yet commercially viable in geographically balanced locations . in order to promote innovative projects , up to 60% of the relevant costs of projects may be supported , out of which up to 40% may not be dependent on verified avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions provided that pre - determined milestones are attained taking into account the technology deployed . ### the allowances shall be made available for innovation in low - carbon industrial products , technologies and processes and support for demonstration projects for the development of a wide range of innovative renewable energy technologies that are not yet commercially viable in geographically balanced locations . eligible low - carbon industrial projects shall contribute to emission reductions of at least 20% below the benchmark as set out in paragraph 2 . in order to promote innovative projects , up to 60% of the relevant costs of projects may be supported , out of which up to 40% may not be dependent on verified avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions provided that pre - determined milestones are attained taking into account the technology deployed .


### allowances from the maximum amount referred to article 10a of this directive which were not allocated for free up to 2020 shall be set aside for new entrants and significant production increases , together with 250 million allowances placed in the market stability reserve pursuant to article 1 of decision 2015 / … of the european parliament and of the council . ### 3% of the union - wide quantity of allowances determined in accordance with article 9 and article 9a , over the period 2021 - 2030 shall be set aside for new entrants .


### allowances from the maximum amount referred to article 10a of this directive which were not allocated for free up to 2020 shall be set aside for new entrants and significant production increases , together with 250 million allowances placed in the market stability reserve pursuant to article 1 of decision 2015 / . . . of the european parliament and of the council . ### 4% of the union - wide quantity of allowances determined in accordance with articles 9 and 9a over the period from 2021 to 2030 shall be set aside for new entrants and significant production increases .


### the allowances shall be made available for innovation in low - carbon industrial technologies and processes and support for demonstration projects for the development of a wide range of ccs and innovative renewable energy technologies that are not yet commercially viable in geographically balanced locations . in order to promote innovative projects , up to 60% of the relevant costs of projects may be supported , out of which up to 40% may not be dependent on verified avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions provided that pre - determined milestones are attained taking into account the technology deployed . ### the allowances shall be made available for innovation in low - carbon industrial technologies and processes and support for demonstration projects for the development of a wide range of innovative renewable energy technologies and ccs that are not yet commercially viable in geographically balanced locations . in order to promote innovative projects , up to 60% of the relevant costs of projects may be supported , out of which up to 40% may not be dependent on verified avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions provided that pre - determined milestones are attained taking into account the technology deployed .


### the european council confirmed that a well - functioning , reformed eu ets with an instrument to stabilise the market will be the main european instrument to achieve this target , with an annual reduction factor of 2 . 2% from 2021 onwards , free allocation not expiring but existing measures continuing after 2020 to prevent the risk of carbon leakage due to climate policy , as long as no comparable efforts are undertaken in other major economies , without reducing the share of allowances to be auctioned . the auction share should be expressed as a percentage figure in the legislation , to enhance planning certainty as regards investment decisions , to increase transparency and to render the overall system simpler and more easily understandable . ### the european council confirmed that a well - functioning , reformed eu ets with an instrument to stabilise the market will be the main european instrument to achieve this target , with an annual reduction factor of 2 . 2% from 2021 onwards , free allocation not expiring but existing measures continuing after 2020 to prevent the risk of carbon leakage due to climate policy , as long as no comparable efforts are undertaken in other major economies , without reducing the share of allowances to be auctioned . however , at the last unfccc conference of the parties , it has been widely recognised that an effort should be done to keep the average temperature well below 2°c , possibly within 1 . 5°c degrees , by the end of the century . in order to attain this objective , a higher percentage of annual reduction is needed , with a view to guaranteeing that the overall emissions reduction will actually meet the reduction targets set for 2030 and 2050 .


### the specific objective of the programme is to provide young people , including those with fewer opportunities , with easily accessible opportunities for engagement in solidarity activities in europe and abroad while improving and properly validating their competences as well as facilitating their employability and transition into the labour market . ### the specific objective of the programme is to provide young people , in particular those with fewer opportunities , with easily accessible opportunities for engagement in solidarity activities in europe and abroad while improving and properly validating their competences as well as potentially facilitating their employability .


### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers have an individual right to parental leave of at least four months to be taken before the child reaches a given age which shall be at least twelve . ### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers have an individual right to parental leave of at least four months to be taken before the child reaches a given age which shall be at least twelve . member states shall ensure that protection measures are applied also to self - employed workers , professionals and entrepreneurs .


### member states shall ensure that the provisions adopted pursuant to this directive , together with the relevant provisions already in force relating to the subject matter as set out in article 1 of this directive , are brought by all appropriate means to the attention of the persons concerned throughout their territory . ### member states shall ensure that the provisions adopted pursuant to this directive , together with the relevant provisions already in force relating to the subject matter as set out in article 1 of this directive , are brought by all appropriate means to the attention of the persons concerned throughout their territory , also through the single digital gateway .


### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that fathers have the right to take paternity leave of at least ten working days on the occasion of the birth of a child . ### member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that fathers have the right to take paternity leave of at least ten working days within the first year of a child ' s life , preferably on the occasion of the birth or adoption of a child .


### in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law . ### in order to encourage a more equal sharing of caring responsibilities between women and men , the right to paternity leave for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth or adoption of a child should be introduced . in order to take account of differences among member states , the right to paternity leave should be irrespective of marital or family status as defined in national law .


### in accordance with national circumstances , such as national law , collective agreements and / or practice , and taking into account the powers delegated to social partners , member states shall ensure that workers exercising the rights to leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 will receive a payment or an adequate allowance at least equivalent to what the worker concerned would receive in case of sick leave . ### in accordance with national circumstances , such as national law , collective agreements and / or practice , and taking into account the powers delegated to social partners , member states shall ensure that workers exercising the rights to leave referred to in article 4 , 5 or 6 will receive a payment or an adequate allowance at least equivalent to what the worker concerned would receive in case of sick leave . with regard to self - employed workers , professionals and entrepreneurs , member states shall determine adequate safeguards to provide a minimum level of support for the family unit for the period of leave .


### employers shall consider and respond to requests for flexible working arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 , taking into account the needs of both employers and workers . employers shall justify any refusal of such a request . ### employers shall consider and respond to requests for flexible working arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 , taking into account the needs of both employers and workers . employers shall justify in writing any refusal of such a request .


### &#8220 ; paternity leave ' means leave from work for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth of a child ; ### &#8220 ; paternity leave&#8221 ; means paid leave from work for fathers to be taken on the occasion of the birth or adoption of a child ;


### member states may define the circumstances in which an employer , following consultation in accordance with national law , collective agreements and / or practice , may be allowed to postpone the granting of parental leave by a reasonable period of time on the grounds that it would seriously disrupt the good functioning of the establishment . employers shall justify any postponement of parental leave in writing . ### member states shall define the circumstances in which an employer , following consultation in accordance with national law , collective agreements and / or practice , may be allowed to postpone the granting of parental leave by a reasonable period of time on the grounds that it would seriously disrupt the good functioning of the establishment . employers shall justify any postponement of parental leave in writing .


### “parental leave” means leave from work on the grounds of the birth or adoption of a child to take care of that child ; ### “parental leave” means paid leave from work on the grounds of the birth or adoption of a child to take care of that child ;


### the eu aims to be world leader in affordable , secure and sustainable energy technologies improving its competitiveness in global value chains and its position in growth markets . diverse climatic , geographical , environmental and socio - economic conditions in the eu as well as the need to ensure energy security and access to raw materials , dictate a broad portfolio of energy solutions , including of non - technical nature . as regards renewable energy technologies , costs need to decrease further , performance must improve , integration into the energy system must be improved and breakthrough technologies need to be developed . as regards fossil fuels , decarbonising their usage will be essential to meet the climate objectives . ### the eu aims to be world leader in affordable , secure , renewable and sustainable energy technologies improving its competitiveness in global value chains and its position in growth markets . diverse climatic , geographical , environmental and socio - economic conditions in the eu as well as the need to ensure energy security and access to raw materials , dictate a broad portfolio of energy solutions , including of non - technical nature . improvements are required at the level of system integration , upgrading the market design , including provisions of grid and system services by renewables . the union needs to speed the decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sectors , in particular the energy supplied to the building stock according to the energy performance of building directive 2018 / 844 . to achieve the broadest and fastest deployment of renewables and clean technologies , costs need to decrease further , performance must improve , integration into the energy system must be improved and breakthrough technologies need to be developed . as regards to fossil fuels their urgent phase out is essential to meet the climate objectives .


### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 94 100 000 000 in current prices . ### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 120 000 000 000 in constant prices .


### cluster ' food and natural resources ' ### cluster ' food , natural resources , seas and oceans '


### –next generation internet applications and services for consumers , industry and society building on trust , interoperability , better user control of data , transparent language access , new multi modal interaction concepts , inclusive and highly personalised access to objects , information and content , including immersive and trustworthy media , social media and social networking ; ### –next generation internet applications and services for consumers , industry and society building on trust , interoperability , better user control of data , transparent language access , new multi modal interaction concepts , inclusive and highly personalised access to objects , information and content , including immersive and trustworthy media , social media and social networking , e - commerce ;


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 50 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 50 % of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objective , in order to support actions or parts of actions that will help to deliver a net - zero greenhouse gas emission economy by 2050 at the latest . relevant actions will be identified ex - ante and fully reflected during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation in form of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes , thereby ensuring that the objective of investing at least 50 % of the programme ' s overall financial envelope in climate - related research and innovations is achieved efficiently and in a timely manner .


### a strategic plan will lay out a multiannual strategy for realising content in the work programme , while retaining sufficient flexibility to respond rapidly to unexpected opportunities and crises . as horizon europe is a programme for 7 years , the economic , societal and policy context in which it will operate may change significantly during its life - time . horizon europe needs to be able to swiftly adapt to these changes . there will therefore be the possibility to include support for activities beyond the descriptions set out below , where this is duly justified , to address major developments or unforeseen events , policy needs , or crisis situations , for example in response to serious threats to health arising for example from epidemics . ### a strategic plan will lay out a multiannual strategy for orientating the content of the work programme , while retaining sufficient flexibility to adapt the fast evolution of research , innovation and technologies , respond rapidly to new and emerging challenges , unexpected opportunities and crises . as horizon europe is a programme for 7 years , the economic , societal and policy context in which it will operate may change significantly during its life - time . horizon europe needs to be able to swiftly adapt to these changes . there will therefore be the possibility to include support for activities beyond the descriptions set out below , where this is duly justified , to address major developments or unforeseen events , policy needs , or crisis situations .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 30% of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 50% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objective , in order to support actions or parts of actions that will help to deliver a net - zero greenhouse gas emission economy by 2050 at the latest . relevant actions will be identified ex - ante and fully reflected during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation inform of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes , thereby ensuring that the objective of investing at least 50% of the programme’s overall financial envelope to climate - related research and innovations achieved efficiently and in a timely manner .


### their term of office shall be limited to two years , renewable twice , with a rolling appointments system . ### their term of office shall be limited to two years , renewable once , with a rolling appointments system .


### the strategic planning will help to develop and realise the implementation of policy for the relevant areas covered , at eu level as well as complementing policy and policy approaches in the member states . eu policy priorities will be taken into consideration during the strategic planning process to increase the contribution of research and innovation to the realisation of policy . it will also take into account foresight activities , studies and other scientific evidence and take account of relevant existing initiatives at eu and national level . ### the strategic planning will help to develop and realise the implementation of the programme for the relevant areas covered , at eu level as well as at the level of the member states and of the associated countries . the relevant eu policy priorities will be taken into consideration during the strategic planning process to increase the contribution of research and innovation to the realisation of these policies . it will take into account foresight activities , studies and other scientific evidence , and also of relevant existing initiatives at eu and national level .


### improved understanding of health drivers and risk factors determined by the social , economic and physical environment in people’s everyday life and at the workplace , including the health impact of digitalisation , pollution , climate change and other environmental issues , will contribute to identify and mitigate health risks and threats ; to reducing death and illness from exposure to chemicals and environmental pollution ; to supporting environmental - friendly , healthy , resilient and sustainable living and working environments ; to promoting healthy lifestyles and consumption behaviour ; and to developing an equitable , inclusive and trusted society . ### improved understanding of health drivers and risk factors determined by the social , economic and physical environment in people’s everyday life and especially at the workplace , including the health impact of digitalisation , pollution , including electromagnetic pollution , climate change and other environmental issues , will contribute to identify , prevent and mitigate health risks and threats ; to reducing death and illness from exposure to dangerous jobs , chemicals and environmental pollution ; to supporting safe environmental - friendly , healthy , resilient and sustainable living and working environments ; to promoting healthy lifestyles and consumption behaviour ; and to developing an equitable , inclusive and trusted society .


### accelerating industrial transformation ; ### driving industrial transformation on the basis of the societal needs ;


### health systems are a key asset of the eu social systems , accounting for 24 million employees in the health and social work sector in 2017 . it is a main priority to render health systems accessible , cost - effective , resilient , sustainable and trusted as well as to reduce inequalities , including by unleashing the potential of data - driven and digital innovation for better health and person - centred care building on open european data infrastructures . this will advance the digital transformation of health and care . ### health systems are a key asset of the eu social systems , accounting for 24 million employees in the health and social work sector in 2017 . it is a main priority to render health systems accessible for all , equitable , cost - effective , resilient , sustainable and trusted as well as to reduce inequalities , including by unleashing the potential of data - driven and digital innovation for better health and person - centred care building on open european data infrastructures . this will advance the digital transformation of health and care .


### the eu stands for a unique way of combining economic growth with social policies , with high levels of social inclusion , shared values embracing democracy , human rights , gender equality and the richness of diversity . this model is constantly evolving and needs to deal with the challenges from amongst other things , globalisation and technological change . europe also has to respond to the challenges arising from persistent security threats . terrorist attacks and radicalisation , as well as cyber - attacks and hybrid threats , raise major security concerns and put particular strain on societies . ### the eu stands for a unique way of combining prosperity with social policies , with high levels of social inclusion , with shared values embracing democracy , human rights , gender equality and the richness of diversity . this model is constantly evolving and needs to deal with the challenges from amongst other things , globalisation , growing inequalities , ever - growing migratory flows and ultra - rapid and technological changes . europe also has to respond to the challenges arising from persistent security threats . terrorist attacks and radicalisation , as well as cyber - attacks and hybrid threats , raise major security concerns and put particular strain on societies .


### for each mission , a mission board may be established . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall advise upon the following : ### for each mission , a mission board shall be established with the task of co - designing and implementation . it shall be composed of around 15 independent high - level individuals , including research experts in various fields and relevant end - users ' representatives . each mission committee shall be selected through a call for nominations or a call for expressions of interest . the mission board shall recommend and advise upon the following :


### all clusters under the pillar ' global challenges and industrial competitiveness ' , msca , research infrastructures , support to innovation ecosystems , sharing excellence and reforming and enhancing the european r&i system , in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 12 ; ### all clusters under the pillar ' global challenges and industrial competitiveness ' , msca , research infrastructures , support to research and innovation ecosystems , spreading excellence and widening participation , reforming and enhancing the european r&i system , in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 12 ;


### –quality of life for the citizens , safe mobility , urban social innovation , cities ' circular and regenerative capacity , reduced environmental footprint and pollution ; ### –quality of life for the citizens and visitors , safe mobility , urban social innovation , cities ' circular and regenerative capacity , reduced environmental footprint and pollution , smart destinations ;


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25% of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives , while it should also be ensured that the remaining part of the expenditures will not create negative climate and environmental effects . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified , in consultation with relevant stakeholders and civil society , during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation in form of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### fostering open science and ensuring visibility to the public and open access to results ; ### fostering open science and ensuring visibility to the public and open access to information on results ;


### –trans - border aspects of infectious diseases and specific challenges in low - and middle - income countries , such as tropical diseases . ### –control and , where possible , elimination of poverty - related and neglected diseases which represent specific challenges in low - and middle - income countries and trans - border risks for the eu , also in relation to massive migratory flows and , in general , to exponentially increased human mobility .


### european citizens , state institutions and the economy need to be protected from the continued threats of organised crime , including firearms trafficking , drug trafficking and trafficking in human beings . strengthening protection and security through better border management is also key . cybercrime is on the increase and related risks are diversifying as the economy and society digitalise . europe needs to continue its effots to improve cybersecurity , digital privacy , personal data protection and combat the spread of false and harmful information in order to safeguard democratic and economic stability . lastly , further efforts are required to limit the effects on lives and livelihoods of extreme weather events which are intensifying due to climate change , such as floods , storms or droughts leading to forest fires , land degradation and other natural disasters , e . g . earthquakes . disasters , whether natural or man - made , can put at risk important societal functions , such as health , energy supply and government . ### european citizens , state institutions and the economy need to be protected from the continued threats of organised crime , including firearms trafficking , drug trafficking , cultural goods trafficking , and trafficking in human beings . strengthening protection and security through better border management is also key . cybercrime is on the increase and related risks are diversifying as the economy and society digitalise . europe needs to continue its effots to improve cybersecurity , digital privacy , personal data protection and combat the spread of false and harmful information in order to safeguard democratic and economic stability . further efforts are required to reduce the risks associated to natural disasters , such as earthquakes and extreme weather events which are intensifying due to climate change , and limit their effects on lives and livelihoods . disasters , whether natural or man - made , can put at risk important societal functions , such as health , education , energy supply , government and community development .


### the expected growth of variable electricity production and shift towards more electric heating , cooling and transport dictates the need for new approaches to manage energy grids . next to decarbonisation , the goal is to ensure energy affordability , security and stability of supply , achieved through investments in innovative network infrastructure technologies and innovative system management . energy storage in different forms will play a key role in providing services to the grid , also improving and reinforcing network capacities . exploiting synergies between different networks and actors will be crucial for enabling the smart , integrated operation of the relevant infrastructures . ### the required growth of renewable electricity production and a shift towards more electric heating , cooling and transport dictates the need for new approaches to manage energy grids . next to the transition to a renewable based energy system , the goal is to ensure energy affordability , security and stability of supply , achieved through investments in innovative network infrastructure technologies and innovative system management , also facilitating actions fostering regulatory and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players , consumers and communities . energy storage in different forms will play a key role in providing services to the grid , also improving and reinforcing network capacities . exploiting synergies between different networks and actors will be crucial for enabling the smart , integrated operation of the relevant infrastructures .


### the eu aims to be world leader in affordable , secure and sustainable energy technologies improving its competitiveness in global value chains and its position in growth markets . diverse climatic , geographical , environmental and socio - economic conditions in the eu as well as the need to ensure energy security and access to raw materials , dictate a broad portfolio of energy solutions , including of non - technical nature . as regards renewable energy technologies , costs need to decrease further , performance must improve , integration into the energy system must be improved and breakthrough technologies need to be developed . as regards fossil fuels , decarbonising their usage will be essential to meet the climate objectives . ### the eu aims to be world leader in affordable , secure , renewable and sustainable energy technologies improving its competitiveness in global value chains and its position in growth markets . diverse climatic , geographical , environmental and socio - economic conditions in the eu as well as the need to ensure energy security and access to raw materials , dictate a broad portfolio of energy solutions , including of non - technical nature . improvements are required at the level of system integration , upgrading the market design , including provisions of grid and system services by renewables . the union needs to speed the decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sectors , in particular the energy supplied to the building stock according to the energy performance of building directive 2018 / 844 . to achieve the broadest and fastest deployment of renewables and clean technologies , costs need to decrease further , performance must improve , integration into the energy system must be improved and breakthrough technologies need to be developed . as regards to fossil fuels their urgent phase out is essential to meet the climate objectives .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sd 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 – climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land . ### activities will contribute directly to the sustainable development goals , in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sdg 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 - climate action . sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land .


### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; ### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , preventing , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , invasive species , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ;


### –the contribution of cultural heritage to sustainable development through conservation , safeguarding and regeneration of cultural landscapes , with the eu as a laboratory for heritage - based innovation and cultural tourism ; ### –the contribution of cultural heritage to sustainable development through conservation , safeguarding and regeneration of cultural landscapes , with the eu as a laboratory for heritage - based education , research and innovation , including cultural tourism ;


### –energy performance of buildings monitoring and optimisation ; ### –energy performance of buildings including the tourism accommodation monitoring and optimisation ;


### –nano - electronics design and processing concepts responding to the specific requirements of digital transformation and global challenges , in terms of functionality , energy consumption and integration ; ### –nano - electronics design and processing concepts responding to the specific requirements of digital transformation and global challenges , in terms of functionality , energy system and grids , and energy sharing , consumption and integration ;


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 50 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 50 % of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objective , in order to support actions or parts of actions that will help to deliver a net - zero greenhouse gas emission economy by 2050 at the latest . relevant actions will be identified ex - ante and fully reflected during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation in form of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes , thereby ensuring that the objective of investing at least 50 % of the programme ' s overall financial envelope in climate - related research and innovations is achieved efficiently and in a timely manner .


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overconme reslient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth .


### research and innovation are key drivers of sustainable growth and industrial competitiveness , and they will contribute to finding solutions to today’s problems , to reverse as quickly as possible , the negative and dangerous trend that currently links economic development , the use of natural resources and social issues , and turn it into new business opportunities . ### research and innovation are key drivers for competitiveness and for the transition to a net zero ghg and inclusive economy , and they will contribute to finding solutions to today’s problems and to prevent potentially negative and dangerous links between economic development , the use of natural resources and social issues , by turning these links into new jobs and business opportunities and , ultimately , prosperity for all eu citizens .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sd 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 – climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land . ### activities will contribute directly to the achievement of sustainable development goals , in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sdg 3 – good health and well - being ; sdg 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 7 - affordable and clean energy ; sdg 8 - decent work and economic growth ; sdg 9 - industry , innovation and infrastructure sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 –climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land .


### –copernicus : innovative applications , global uptake and international partners , robustness and evolution of services , sustainability of supply chains , sensors , systems and mission concepts ; calibration and validation ; sustained exploitation of services and impact on societal challenges ; earth observation data techniques , big data , computing resources and algorithmic tools . next generation systems development for new challenges such as climate change , and security ; ### –copernicus : innovative applications , global uptake and international partners , robustness and evolution of services , sustainability of supply chains , sensors , systems and mission concepts ; calibration and validation ; sustained exploitation of services and impact on societal challenges ; earth observation data techniques , big data , computing resources and algorithmic tools . next generation systems development for new challenges such as disaster risk reduction , climate change , and security ;


### a strategic plan will lay out a multiannual strategy for realising content in the work programme , while retaining sufficient flexibility to respond rapidly to unexpected opportunities and crises . as horizon europe is a programme for 7 years , the economic , societal and policy context in which it will operate may change significantly during its life - time . horizon europe needs to be able to swiftly adapt to these changes . there will therefore be the possibility to include support for activities beyond the descriptions set out below , where this is duly justified , to address major developments or unforeseen events , policy needs , or crisis situations , for example in response to serious threats to health arising for example from epidemics . ### a strategic plan will lay out a multiannual strategy for orientating the content of the work programme , while retaining sufficient flexibility to adapt the fast evolution of research , innovation and technologies , respond rapidly to new and emerging challenges , unexpected opportunities and crises . as horizon europe is a programme for 7 years , the economic , societal and policy context in which it will operate may change significantly during its life - time . horizon europe needs to be able to swiftly adapt to these changes . there will therefore be the possibility to include support for activities beyond the descriptions set out below , where this is duly justified , to address major developments or unforeseen events , policy needs , or crisis situations .


### the eu stands for a unique way of combining economic growth with social policies , with high levels of social inclusion , shared values embracing democracy , human rights , gender equality and the richness of diversity . this model is constantly evolving and needs to deal with the challenges from amongst other things , globalisation and technological change . europe also has to respond to the challenges arising from persistent security threats . terrorist attacks and radicalisation , as well as cyber - attacks and hybrid threats , raise major security concerns and put particular strain on societies . ### the eu stands for a unique way of combining prosperity with social policies , with high levels of social inclusion , with shared values embracing democracy , human rights , gender equality and the richness of diversity . this model is constantly evolving and needs to deal with the challenges from amongst other things , globalisation , growing inequalities , ever - growing migratory flows and ultra - rapid and technological changes . europe also has to respond to the challenges arising from persistent security threats . terrorist attacks and radicalisation , as well as cyber - attacks and hybrid threats , raise major security concerns and put particular strain on societies .


### state of the art research infrastructures provide key services to research and innovation communities , playing an essential role in extending the frontiers of knowledge . supporting research infrastructures at the eu level helps to mitigate what in many cases is the reality of scattered national research infrastructures and pockets of scientific excellence , as well as tackling the low circulation of knowledge across silos . ### state of the art research infrastructures provide key services to research and innovation communities , playing an essential role in extending the frontiers of knowledge . supporting research infrastructures of european interest and level overcoming what in many cases is the reality of scattered national research infrastructures , complementing and upgrading pockets of scientific excellence , as well as tackling the low circulation of knowledge across silos .


### accelerating industrial transformation ; ### reflecting the eu industrial policy strategy objectives to unlock the potential of europe ' s strategic sectors like key enabling technologies , the specific programme ' s action should provide important contributions in tackling these objectives .


### strengthening international cooperation ; ### strengthening international cooperation to the benefit of europe ;


### the msca contribute to making the era more effective , competitive and attractive on a global scale . this can be achieved by focusing on a new generation of highly - skilled researchers and providing support for emerging talent from across the eu and beyond ; by fostering the diffusion and application of new knowledge and ideas to european policies , the economy and society , inter alia through improved science communication and public outreach measures ; by facilitating cooperation between research - performing organisations ; and by having a pronounced structuring impact on the era , advocating an open labour market and setting standards for quality training , attractive employment conditions and open recruitment for all researchers . ### the msca contribute to making the era more effective , competitive and attractive on a global scale . this is achieved by focusing on a new generation of highly - skilled researchers and providing support for emerging talent from across the eu and beyond ; by fostering the diffusion and application of new knowledge and ideas to european policies , the economy and society , inter alia through improved science communication and public outreach measures ; by facilitating cooperation between research - performing organisations ; and by having a pronounced structuring impact on the era , advocating an open labour market and setting standards for quality training , attractive employment conditions and open transparent and merit - based recruitment for all researchers .


### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players . ### health research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the increase of mental illness ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players . challenges also include taking full advantage of the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and of the opportunities that digitalisation in health and care provide .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sd 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 – climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land . ### activities will contribute directly to the sustainable development goals , in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sdg 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 - climate action . sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land .


### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity . ### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help to maintain biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , eutrophication , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity .


### cultural heritage is the fabric of our lives , meaningful to communities , groups and societies , giving a sense of belonging . it is the bridge between the past and the future of our societies . it is a driving force of local economies and a powerful source of inspiration for creative and cultural industries . accessing , conserving , safeguarding and restoring , interpreting and harnessing the full potential of our cultural heritage are crucial challenges now and for future generations . cultural heritage is the major input and inspiration for the arts , traditional craftsmanship , the cultural , entrepreneurial and creative sectors that are drivers of sustainable economic growth , new job creation and external trade . ### cultural heritage is the fabric of our lives , meaningful to communities , groups and societies , giving a sense of belonging . it is the bridge between the past and the future of our societies . it is a driving force of local economies and a powerful source of inspiration for creative and cultural industries as well as the tourism sector . accessing , conserving , safeguarding and restoring , interpreting and harnessing the full potential of our cultural heritage are crucial challenges now and for future generations . cultural heritage is the major input and inspiration for the arts , traditional craftsmanship , the cultural , entrepreneurial , creative and tourism sectors that are drivers of sustainable economic growth , new job creation and external trade .


### although the eu remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world , it is essentially a ' mass producer ' of knowledge with , relative to its size , comparatively few centres of excellence that standout at the world level and with large areas of average and poor performance . compared with the us and now china to some degree , the eu still tends to follow a ' distributed excellence model ' in which resources are spread across a larger number of researchers and research institutions another challenge is that in many eu countries the public sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers . these factors compound europe ' s relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent . ### the eu remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world . compared with the us and now china to some degree , the eu follows a ' distributed excellence model ' in which resources are spread across a larger number of researchers and research institutions another challenge is that in many eu countries the public sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers . these factors compound europe ' s relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent .


### finding new ways to accelerate the deployment of clean technologies and solutions for the decarbonisation of the european economy requires also increased demand for innovation . this can be stimulated through the empowerment of citizens as well as socio - economic and public sector innovation and will lead to approaches broader than technology - driven innovation . socio - economic research covering inter alia user needs and patterns , foresight activities , environmental , economic , social and behavioural aspects , business cases and models and pre - normative research for standard setting , will also facilitate actions fostering regulatory , financing and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players and consumers . ### finding new ways to accelerate the transition to a fully renewable based energy system and a net - zero ghg emission economy by 2050 at the latest , requires also increased demand for innovation . this can be stimulated through the empowerment of citizens as well as socio - economic and public sector innovation and will lead to approaches broader than technology - driven innovation . socio - economic research covering inter alia user needs and patterns , foresight activities , environmental , economic , social and behavioural aspects , business cases and models and pre - normative research for standard setting , will also facilitate actions fostering regulatory , financing and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players , consumers and communities .


### research funded by the erc is expected to lead to advances at the frontier of knowledge , with scientific publications of the highest quality , to research results with high societal and economic potential impact and with the erc setting a clear and inspirational target for frontier research across the eu , europe and internationally . aiming to make the eu a more attractive environment for the world ' s best scientists , the erc will target a measurable improvement in the eu ' s share of the world ' s top 1 % most highly cited publications , and aim at a substantial increase in the number of excellent researchers from outside europe which it funds . erc funding shall be awarded in accordance with the following well - established principles . scientific excellence shall be the sole criterion on which erc grants are awarded . the erc shall operate on a ' bottom - up ' basis without predetermined priorities . ### research funded by the erc is expected to lead to advances at the frontier of knowledge , with scientific publications of the highest quality , to research results with high societal , environmental and economic potential impact and with the erc setting a clear and inspirational target for frontier research across the eu , europe and internationally . aiming to make the eu a more attractive environment for the world ' s best scientists , the erc will target a measurable improvement in the eu ' s share of the world ' s top 1 % most highly cited publications , and aim at a substantial increase in the number of highly talented researchers from outside europe which it funds . erc funding shall be awarded in accordance with the following well - established principles . high quality research with the highest expected impact on the advancement of science shall be the sole criterion on which erc grants are awarded . the erc shall operate on a ' bottom - up ' basis without predetermined priorities .


### –innovative processes and services for the development , manufacturing and rapid delivery of tools and technologies for health and care ; ### –innovative processes and services for the development , manufacturing and rapid delivery of tools and technologies for health and care everywhere , especially in disadvantaged and marginal areas ;


### –trans - border aspects of infectious diseases and specific challenges in low - and middle - income countries , such as tropical diseases . ### –control and , where possible , elimination of poverty - related and neglected diseases which represent specific challenges in low - and middle - income countries and trans - border risks for the eu , also in relation to massive migratory flows and , in general , to exponentially increased human mobility .


### –innovation and food systems for place - based innovation and empowerment of communities , fostering fair trade and pricing , inclusiveness and sustainability through partnerships between industry , local authorities , researchers and society . ### –innovation and food systems for place - based innovation and empowerment of communities , fostering fair trade and pricing , inclusiveness and sustainability through partnerships between industries that can strongly contribute to a significant change on the ways of producing and consuming , as is the case of tourism , local authorities , researchers and society .


### open and excellent science is inextricably linked to the achievement of world leading innovation . scientific and technological paradigm shifts have been identified as key drivers for productivity growth , competitiveness , wealth , sustainable development and social progress . such paradigm shifts have historically tended to originate from the public - sector science base before going on to lay the foundations for whole new industries and sectors . ### the achievement of world leading innovation is inextricably linked to the advancements of open , high quality science . scientific , technological and social paradigm shifts , if properly and wisely guided , may be the key drivers for inclusive social progress , the transition to a net - zero ghg emission economy by 2050 at the latest , prosperity , competitiveness , and disseminated wealth . such paradigm shifts have historically tended to originate from public - sector - funded research before going on to lay the foundations for comprehensive societal progress .


### cluster ' digital and industry ' ### industry


### the overall aim is to endow europe with world - class sustainable research infrastructures open and accessible to all researchers in europe and beyond , which fully exploit their potential for scientific advance and innovation . key objectives are to reduce the fragmentation of the research and innovation ecosystem , avoiding duplication of effort , and better coordinate the development and use of research infrastructures . it is crucial to support open access to research infrastructures for all european researchers as well as , through the european open science cloud , increased access to digital research resources , specifically tackling the currently sub - optimal embracement of open science and open data practises . equally , the eu needs to tackle the rapid increase of global competition for talent by attracting third country researchers to work with european world - class research infrastructures . increasing the competitiveness of european industry is also a major objective , supporting key technologies and services relevant for research infrastructures and their users , thus improving the conditions for supply of innovative solutions . ### the overall aim is to endow europe with world - class , sustainable research infrastructures , open and accessible to all researchers and innovators in europe and beyond , which fully exploit their potential for scientific advance and innovation . key objectives are to reduce the fragmentation of the research and innovation ecosystem , avoiding duplication of effort , and better coordinate the development and use of research infrastructures . it is crucial to support open access to research infrastructures for all european researchers as well as , including through the european open science cloud , increased access to digital research resources , specifically tackling the currently sub - optimal embracement of open science and open data practises . equally , the eu needs to tackle the rapid increase of global competition for talent by attracting third country researchers to work with european world - class research infrastructures . increasing the competitiveness of european industry is also a major objective , supporting key technologies and services relevant for research infrastructures and their users , thus improving the conditions for supply of innovative solutions .


### strategic configuration : strategic overview of the implementation of the whole programme , coherence across the different parts of the programme , missions and strengthening the european research area ### strategic configuration : strategic overview of the implementation of the whole programme , coherence of the individual work programmes across the different parts of the programme , implementation of missions and strengthening the european research area


### for innovations with high technological risks the support will always include a grant component covering the innovation activities . where the various risks are reduced , the relative importance of the reimbursable advance component is expected to increase . ### for innovations with high risks the support will always include a grant component covering the innovation activities . where the various risks are reduced , the relative importance of the reimbursable advance component is expected to increase .


### the research landscape will be significantly enhanced through ensuring openness to key international , national and regional research infrastructures for all eu researchers and integrating their services when necessary so as to harmonise access conditions , improve and enlarge service provision and encourage common development strategy of high tech components and advanced services through innovation actions . ### the research landscape will be significantly enhanced through ensuring openness to key international , national and regional research infrastructures for all eu researchers and innovators and integrating their services when appropriate so as to harmonise access conditions , improve and enlarge service provision and encourage common development strategy of high tech components and advanced services through innovation actions .


### cluster ' inclusive and secure society ' ### ' inclusive , reflective and secure societies '


### the following self - service terminals : automatic teller machines , ticketing machines and check - in machines shall comply with the requirements set out in section ii of annex i . ### the following self - service terminals : automatic teller machines , ticketing machines , parking ticket vending machines , check - in machines and payment terminals shall comply with the requirements set out in section ii of annex i .


### member states may decide , in the light of national conditions , that the built environment used by clients of passenger transport services including the environment that is managed by service providers and by infrastructure operators as well as the built environment used by clients of banking services , and customer services centres and shops under the scope of telephony operators shall comply with the accessibility requirements of annex i , section x , in order to maximise their use by persons with functional limitations , including persons with disabilities . ### member states shall ensure that the built environment used by clients of passenger transport services including the environment that is managed by service providers and by infrastructure operators as well as the built environment used by clients of banking services , and customer services centres and shops under the scope of telephony operators , as well as any other service or place for the purchase of any of the products included in this directive comply with the accessibility requirements of annex i , section x , in order to maximise their use by persons with functional limitations and persons with disabilities .


### for a period of up to two years following the entry into force of this regulation , the commission , by means of implementing acts , may , on its own initiative , cancel the protection of geographical indications referred to in article 20 of regulation no 110 / 2008 if they do not comply with point of article 2 . those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 44 . ### for a period of up to two years following the entry into force of this regulation , the commission , after consulting the member state to a territory of which the geographical indication of the producers refers , and by means of implementing acts , may cancel the protection of geographical indications referred to in article 20 of regulation no 110 / 2008 if they do not comply with point of article 2 . those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 44 .


### this directive shall not apply to the acquisition or possession of weapons and ammunition , in accordance with national law , by the armed forces , the police , the public authorities . nor shall it apply to commercial transfers of weapons and ammunition of war . ### this directive shall not apply to the acquisition or possession of weapons and ammunition , in accordance with national law , by the armed forces , the police , the public authorities or by collectors and bodies concerned with the cultural and historical aspects of weapons and recognized as such by the member state in whose territory they are established . nor shall it apply to commercial transfers of products of the defence industry .


### for the purposes of this directive , ' essential component ' shall mean the barrel , frame , receiver , slide or cylinder , bolt or breach block and any device designed or adapted to diminish the sound caused by firing a firearm which , being separate objects , are included in the category of the firearms on which they are or are intended to be mounted . ' ### for the purposes of this directive , ' essential component ' shall mean any part essential to its operation , including the barrel , frame , receiver , slide or cylinder , bolt or breach block which , being separate objects , are included in the category of the firearms on which they are or are intended to be mounted .


### bodies concerned with the cultural and historical aspects of weapons and recognised as such by the member state in whose territory they are established and holding in their possession firearms classified in category a acquired before the date of entry into force of this directive should be able to keep those firearms in their possession subject to authorisation by the member state concerned and provided that those firearms have been deactivated . ### collectors and bodies concerned with the cultural and historical aspects of weapons and recognised as such by the member state in whose territory they are established and holding in their possession firearms classified in category a acquired before the date of entry into force of this directive should be able to keep those firearms in their possession subject to authorisation by the member state concerned and provided that those firearms have been deactivated .


### bodies concerned with the cultural and historical aspects of weapons and recognised as such by the member state in whose territory they are established and holding in their possession firearms classified in category a acquired before the date of entry into force of this directive should be able to keep those firearms in their possession subject to authorisation by the member state concerned and provided that those firearms have been deactivated . ### collectors and bodies concerned with the cultural and historical aspects of weapons and recognised as such by the member state in whose territory they are established should be able to keep and acquire firearms classified in category a subject to authorisation by the member state concerned .


### the efsi was established for an initial period of three years and with the aim of mobilising at least eur 315 billion in investments . given its success , the commission is committed to the doubling of the efsi , both in terms of duration and financial capacity . the legal extension covers the period of the current multiannual financial framework and should provide a total of at least half a trillion euro investments by 2020 . in order to enhance the firepower of the efsi even further and reach the aim of doubling the investment target , member states should also contribute as a matter of priority . ### the efsi was established for an initial period of three years and with the aim of mobilising at least eur 315 billion in investments . at present , the investment gap in the union remains and concerns have been raised that the efsi has been insufficiently diversified , both sectorally and geographically , due to sub - optimal allocation of investment , funding of projects with a high environmental impact and issues concerning additionality . despite that , after barely one year of the efsi being in operation , and without the independent evaluation to which the efsi’s potential extension was linked being conducted , the commission has launched a proposal on the doubling of the efsi , in terms both of duration and of financial capacity .


### additionality , a key feature of the efsi , should be strengthened in the selection of projects . in particular , operations should only be eligible for efsi support if they address clearly identified market failures or sub - optimal investment situations . operations in infrastructure under the infrastructure and innovation window linking two or more member states , including e - infrastructure , should be considered additional given their inherent difficulty and their high added value for the union . ### additionality , a key feature which hitherto has been missing from the efsi , should genuinely be taken into account in the selection of projects . in particular , operations should only be eligible for efsi support if they address clearly identified market failures or sub - optimal investment situations .


### due to their potential to increase the efficiency of the efsi intervention , blending operations combining non - reimbursable forms of support and / or financial instruments from the union budget , such as those available under the connecting europe facility , and financing from eib group , including eib financing under the efsi , as well as other investors should be encouraged . blending aims to enhance the value added of union spending by attracting additional resources from private investors and to ensure the actions supported become economically and financially viable . ### blending operations combining non - reimbursable forms of support and / or financial instruments from the union budget should be prohibited . combinations of public and private instruments increase the risk that profits will be privatised while losses will be borne by the public purse , and often , from the point of view of public finances , entail an unbalanced distribution of the risks and costs associated with high - risk private investment , which is to the detriment of the taxpayer , as public money is being used to co - finance private returns and cover any losses on investments .


### in line with the exceptional market demand for sme financing under the efsi which is expected to continue , the efsi sme window should be enhanced . particular attention should be paid to social enterprises , including through the development and deployment of new instruments . ### past experience of the sme window is disappointing . the sme window should be assigned more resources and redesigned so as to support the real economy . moreover , particular attention should be paid to social enterprises , including through the development and deployment of new instruments .


### amounts allocated by a member state under article [ 10 ] of regulation [ [ cpr ] number ] or article [ 75 ] of regulation [ [ cap plan ] number ] shall be used for the provisioning of the part of the eu guarantee under the member state compartment covering financing and investment operations in the member state concerned . ### member states or regions of member states may request to allocate a share of their resources of funds under shared management to the provisioning of the eu guarantee under the member state compartment covering financing and investment operations for the benefit of the region concerned of the member state . the resources reallocated shall be used to address market failures or sub - optimal investment situations in the territory or region concerned and deliver the same objectives of the programme from which the resources are to be transferred .


### cvs and declarations of interest of each member of the investment committee shall be made public and constantly updated . each member of the investment committee shall communicate without delay to the commission all information needed to check on an ongoing basis the absence of any conflict of interest . ### cvs and declarations of interest of each member of the investment committee shall be made public and constantly updated . each member of the investment committee shall communicate without delay to the commission and the steering committee all information needed to check on an ongoing basis the absence of any conflict of interest .