### in addition to the ex - ante assessment of development - related aspects , the eib shall monitor the implementation of financing operations . in particular , it shall require the project promoters to carry out thorough monitoring during project implementation until completion , inter alia , on the development , environmental and human rights impact of the investment project . the eib shall verify the information provided by the project promoters . ### in addition to the ex - ante assessment of development - related aspects , the eib shall monitor the implementation of financing operations . in particular , it shall require the project promoters to carry out thorough monitoring during project implementation until completion , inter alia , on the development , environmental and human rights impact of the investment project . the eib shall verify and where possible make public the information provided by the project promoters .


### in accordance with its own transparency policy , the eib shall make publicly available on its website information relating to : ### in accordance with eu legislation on access to documents and information , the eib shall make publicly available on its website information relating to :


### latin america : eur 2 150 000 000 ; ### latin america : eur 1 150 000 000 ;


### asia : eur 1 200 000 000 ; ### asia : eur 2 200 000 000 ;


### bangladesh , brunei , cambodia , china , india , indonesia , iraq , laos , malaysia , maldives , mongolia , myanmar , nepal , pakistan , philippines , singapore , south korea , sri lanka , thailand , vietnam , yemen ### bangladesh , brunei , cambodia , china , india , indonesia , iraq , laos , malaysia , maldives , mongolia , myanmar , nepal , pakistan , philippines , singapore , south korea , sri lanka , taiwan , thailand , vietnam , yemen


### “division” means the territory of a member state , or any part thereof as delimited with a view to the selection of returning holdings ; ### “division” means the territory of a member state , or any part thereof as delimited with a view to the selection of returning holdings ; a list of such divisions appears in annex i ;


### the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 19a for the purpose of establishing the list of divisions per member state . ### at the request of a member state , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 19a for the purpose of amending the list of divisions per member state .


### the certification body shall be a public or private audit body designated by the member state which shall provide an opinion on the management declaration of assurance covering the completeness , accuracy and veracity of the annual accounts of the paying agency , the proper functioning of its internal control system , the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions , as well as the respect of the principle of sound financial management . ### the certification body shall be a public or private audit body designated by the member state which shall provide an opinion , drawn up in accordance with internationally accepted audit standards , following risk - based controls and taking into account the past performance of the member state , on the management declaration of assurance covering the completeness , accuracy and veracity of the annual accounts of the paying agency , the proper functioning of the control systems , the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions , as well as the respect of the principle of sound financial management . this opinion shall state , inter alia , whether the examination puts in doubt the assertions made in the management declaration of assurance referred to in article 7 .


### the sustainable development of the economical activity of holdings other than those referred to in paragraph ; ### the sustainable development of the economical activity of farms including farm modernisation , competitiveness building , sectoral integration , innovation and market orientation ;


### when sectoral agricultural legislation requires member states to submit , within a specific period of time , information on the numbers of checks carried out and their outcome and the member states overrun that period , the commission may suspend the monthly payments referred to in article 18 or the interim payments referred to in article 35 for which the relevant statistical information has not been sent in time . ### where sectoral agricultural legislation requires member states to submit , within a specific period of time , information on the number of checks carried out under article 61 and their outcome and where the member states overrun that period , the commission may suspend , in accordance with the principle of proportionality , taking account of the extent of the delay and according to the detailed rules it has adopted on the basis of article 48 , the monthly payments referred to in article 18 or the interim payments referred to in article 35 for which the relevant statistical information has not been sent in time . in particular , the commission shall clearly distinguish between a situation where the late submission of information places the annual budget discharge mechanism at risk , and a situation where such a risk does not exist .


### the commission shall give sufficient prior notice of an on - the - spot check to the member state concerned or the member state within whose territory the check is to take place . agents from the member state concerned may take part in such checks . ### the commission shall give sufficient prior notice of an on - the - spot check to the member state concerned or the member state within whose territory the check is to take place and shall coordinate checks with a view to reducing any negative impact on paying agencies . agents from the member state concerned may take part in such checks .


### the system set up by the member states in accordance with article 60 shall include , except where otherwise provided , systematic administrative checking of all aid applications and shall be supplemented by on - the - spot checks . ### the system set up by the member states in accordance with article 60 shall include , except where otherwise provided , systematic administrative checking of aid applications and payment claims by applying a risk - based approach according to the level of assurance that is required and shall be supplemented by on - the - spot checks whose purpose shall be to monitor the level of inherent risk and whose number shall be adjusted in the light of the inherent and control risks .


### as regards the on - the - spot checks , the authority responsible shall draw its check sample from the entire population of applicants comprising , where appropriate , a random part and a risk - based part in order to obtain a representative error rate , while targeting also highest errors . ### as regards the on - the - spot checks , the authority responsible shall draw its check sample from the entire population of applicants comprising , where appropriate , a random part and a risk - based part in order to obtain a representative error rate , while targeting also the areas in which the risk of error is highest . to ensure that the checks are proportional , account needs to be taken of factors including : – the size of the sums involved ; – the outcome of earlier audits of the management and control systems ; – voluntary participation in management schemes certified on the basis of recognised international standards .


### the programme should help achieve the environment targets the union has already agreed . ### the programme should help achieve the environment targets the union has already agreed and identify policy areas where there is the need to set additional targets .


### the union has agreed to halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in the eu by 2020 , restore them in so far as feasible , while stepping up the eu contribution to averting global biodiversity loss11 ; ### the union has agreed to halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in the eu by 2020 , restore them in so far as feasible , while stepping up the eu contribution to averting global biodiversity loss11 , as well as to a long - term vision that by 2050 european union biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides – its natural capital – are protected , valued and appropriately restored for biodiversity’s intrinsic value and for their essential contribution to human wellbeing and economic prosperity ;


### the full and even implementation of the environment acquis across the union is a sound investment for the environment and human health , and also for the economy . ### the full and even implementation of the environment acquis across the union is a treaty obligation as well as a sound investment for the environment and human health , and also for the economy .


### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound evidence base . ### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound knowledge and evidence base and be responsive to new scientific findings .


### as part of the follow - up to the 2012 united nations conference on sustainable development , the new general action programme should support international and regional processes aiming to transform the global economy into an inclusive green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty reduction . ### the new general action programme should support the implementation of the commitments undertaken at the 2012 united nations conference on sustainable development , in the eu and at international level , aiming to transform the global economy into an inclusive green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty reduction .


### to improve the evidence base for environment policy ; ### to improve the knowledge and evidence base for environment policy ;


### however , many environmental trends in the eu remain worrying , not least due to insufficient implementation of existing eu environment legislation . only 17 % of species and habitats assessed under the habitats directive are in good status , and the degradation and loss of natural capital is jeopardising efforts to attain the eu’s biodiversity and climate change objectives . this has high associated costs which have not yet been properly valued in our economic or social system . thirty per cent of the eu’s territory is highly fragmented , affecting the connectivity and health of ecosystems and their ability to provide services as well as viable habitats for species . while progress has been made in the eu to decouple growth from ghg emissions , resource use and environmental impacts , resource use is still largely unsustainable and inefficient , and waste is not yet properly managed . as a result , eu businesses are foregoing the significant opportunities that resource efficiency offers in terms of competitiveness , cost reductions , improved productivity and security of supply . water quality and air pollution levels are still problematic in many parts of europe , and eu citizens continue to be exposed to hazardous substances , potentially compromising their health and wellbeing . unsustainable land use is consuming fertile soils , with impacts on food security and the achievement of biodiversity targets . soil degradation continues largely unchecked . ### however , many environmental trends in the eu remain worrying , not least due to insufficient implementation of existing eu environment legislation . only 17 % of species and habitats assessed under the habitats directive are in good status , and the degradation and loss of natural capital is jeopardising efforts to attain the eu’s biodiversity and climate change objectives . this has high associated costs which have not yet been properly valued in our economic or social system . thirty per cent of the eu’s territory is highly fragmented , affecting the connectivity and health of ecosystems and their ability to provide services as well as viable habitats for species . marine habitats and species remain at risk of decline and extinction from a variety of human - induced threats within eu waters . while progress has been made in the eu to decouple growth from ghg emissions , resource use and environmental impacts , resource use is still largely unsustainable and inefficient , and waste is not yet properly managed . as a result , eu businesses are foregoing the significant opportunities that resource efficiency offers in terms of competitiveness , cost reductions , improved productivity and security of supply . water quality and air pollution levels are still problematic in many parts of europe , and eu citizens continue to be exposed to hazardous substances , potentially compromising their health and wellbeing . unsustainable land use is consuming fertile soils , with impacts on food security and the achievement of biodiversity targets . soil degradation continues largely unchecked .


### together with current wasteful production and consumption systems in the world economy , rising global demand for goods and services and depletion of resources is increasing the cost of essential raw materials , minerals and energy , generating more pollution and waste , increasing global ghg emissions and driving land degradation , deforestation and biodiversity loss . nearly two - thirds of the world’s ecosystems are in decline and there is evidence that planetary boundaries for biodiversity , climate change and the nitrogen cycle have already been transgressed . there is likely to be a global shortfall of 40 % in water by 2030 unless there is significant progress in improving resource efficiency . there is also the risk that climate change will further exacerbate these problems , with high costs . in 2011 , disasters partly due to climate change resulted in global economic losses of over 300 billion euros . the oecd has warned that the continued degradation and erosion of natural capital risks bringing about irreversible changes that could endanger two centuries of rising living standards and entail significant costs . ### together with current wasteful production and consumption systems in the world economy , rising global demand for goods and services and depletion of resources is increasing the cost of essential raw materials , minerals and energy , generating more pollution and waste , increasing global ghg emissions and driving land degradation , deforestation and biodiversity loss . nearly two - thirds of the world’s ecosystems are in decline and there is evidence that planetary boundaries for biodiversity , climate change and the nitrogen cycle have already been transgressed . there is likely to be a global shortfall of 40 % in water by 2030 unless there is significant progress in improving resource efficiency . there is also the risk that climate change will further exacerbate these problems , with high costs 1 . in 2011 , disasters partly due to climate change resulted in global economic losses of over 300 billion euros . the oecd has warned that the continued degradation and erosion of natural capital risks bringing about irreversible changes that could endanger two centuries of rising living standards and entail significant costs . __________________ 1 according to the stern review on the economics of climate change , without action , the overall costs of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global gross domestic product each year . including a wider range of risks and impacts , this figure could increase this to 20% of gdp .


### the following 2050 vision is intended to help guide action up to and beyond 2020 : in 2050 , we live well , within the planet’s ecological limits . our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative , circular economy where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed in ways that enhance our society’s resilience . our low carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use , setting the pace for a global sustainable economy . ### the following 2050 vision is intended to help guide action up to and beyond 2020 : in 2050 , we live well , within the planet’s ecological limits . our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative , circular economy where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed in ways that enhance our society’s resilience . our low carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use , setting the pace for a global sustainable economy . environmental justice is delivered inside and outside the eu . all people have equal access to environmental benefits . burdens due to environmental degradation are shared in a fair manner .


### the eu has signed up to many internationally - agreed environmental commitments , including those made at the united nations conference on sustainable development where it marked its support for the inclusive green economy as a central part of a broader strategy for sustainable development . ### the eu has signed up to many legally binding commitments under multilateral environmental agreements as well to politically binding environmental commitments , including those agreed at the united nations conference on sustainable development . the rio + 20 outcome document recognises the inclusive green economy as an important tool for achieving sustainable development and sets out a framework for action covering all three dimensions of sustainable development , many of which are reflected in the priority objectives of this programme . it further agreed to elaborate sustainable development goals , to strengthen the institutional framework and develop a financing strategy for sustainable development . the eu and its member states must now ensure that those commitments are implemented both at home through its internal policies , as well as globally through contributions to international action .


### this programme complements these efforts by defining priority objectives for the eu to attain over the period up to 2020 . ### this programme complements these efforts by defining priority objectives for the eu to attain over the period up to 2020 and indicative pathways towards 2050 . it shall ensure implementation , encourage domestic action and help a range of actors making cost effective investment choices .


### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , which includes ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , species and habitats . ### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , i . e . its biodiversity , including ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the urban wastewater directive1 , the nitrates directive2 , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , soil and species and habitats . __________________ 1 directive 91 / 271 / eec . 2 directive 91 / 676 / eec .


### however , recent assessments show that biodiversity in the eu is still being lost and that most ecosystems are seriously degraded . the eu biodiversity strategy to 2020 sets out targets and actions needed to reverse these negative trends and to enhance ecosystem services . it must be implemented in full to enable the eu to meet its biodiversity headline target for 2020 . whereas the strategy includes built - in measures to improve the implementation of the birds and habitats directives , including the natura 2000 network , reaching the headline target will require the full implementation of all existing legislation aimed at protecting natural capital . ### however , recent assessments show that biodiversity in the eu is still being lost and that most ecosystems are seriously degraded . the eu biodiversity strategy to 2020 sets out targets and actions needed to halt the loss of biodiversity and to maintain , restore and enhance ecosystems and their services . it must be implemented in full to enable the eu to meet its biodiversity headline target for 2020 . whereas the strategy includes built - in measures to improve the implementation of the birds and habitats directives , including the natura 2000 network , reaching the headline target will require the full implementation of all existing legislation aimed at protecting natural capital .


### despite considerable efforts to date , the requirement under the wfd to achieve ‘ good ecological status’ by 2015 is likely to be met only for some 53 % of surface water bodies in the eu . there is also a risk that the marine strategy framework directive target to achieve ‘ good environmental status’ by 2020 may be missed , inter alia due to continued overfishing and the presence of marine litter in europe’s seas . and while eu air and industrial emissions policies have helped to reduce many forms of pollution , ecosystems continue to suffer from excess nitrogen deposition and ozone pollution associated with emissions from transport , intensive agriculture and power generation . ### despite considerable efforts to date , the requirement under the wfd to achieve ‘ good ecological status’ by 2015 is likely to be met only for some 53 % of surface water bodies in the eu . there is also a risk that the marine strategy framework directive target to achieve ‘ good environmental status’ by 2020 may be missed , inter alia due to continued overfishing and the presence of marine litter in europe’s seas . and while eu air and industrial emissions policies have helped to reduce many forms of pollution , ecosystems continue to suffer from excess nitrogen and sulphur deposition and ozone pollution associated with emissions from transport , intensive agriculture and power generation .


### protecting , conserving and enhancing the eu’s natural capital therefore also requires tackling problems at source through , inter alia , better integration of natural capital objectives into other policies , ensuring that policies are coherent and deliver co - benefits . the greening elements set out in the commission’s reform proposals , notably for eu agriculture , fisheries and cohesion policy , backed by the proposals for greening the eu budget under the multi - annual financial framework 2014 - 2020 are designed to support these objectives . for instance , aquatic ecosystems in rural areas should benefit from the linking of farm payments to compliance with relevant requirements of the wfd as set out in the commission ' s proposals for the reform of the cap . greening of the cap will also promote the environmentally beneficial agricultural practices of crop diversification , the protection of permanent grassland , and the establishment and maintenance of ecologically valuable farmland and forest areas . ### protecting , conserving and enhancing the eu’s natural capital therefore also requires tackling problems at source through , inter alia , better integration of natural capital objectives into other policies , ensuring that policies are coherent and deliver co - benefits . the greening elements set out in the commission’s reform proposals , notably for eu agriculture , fisheries and cohesion policy , backed by the proposals for greening the eu budget under the multi - annual financial framework 2014 - 2020 are designed to support these objectives . for instance , aquatic ecosystems in rural areas should benefit from the linking of farm payments to compliance with objective and measurable criteria laid down in the wfd . greening of the cap will also promote the environmentally beneficial agricultural practices of crop diversification , the protection of permanent grassland , and the establishment and maintenance of ecologically valuable farmland and forest areas . a key component of sustainable agriculture is resource - efficient and productive land use consistent with the interests of future generations .


### protecting , conserving and enhancing the eu’s natural capital therefore also requires tackling problems at source through , inter alia , better integration of natural capital objectives into other policies , ensuring that policies are coherent and deliver co - benefits . the greening elements set out in the commission’s reform proposals , notably for eu agriculture , fisheries and cohesion policy , backed by the proposals for greening the eu budget under the multi - annual financial framework 2014 - 2020 are designed to support these objectives . for instance , aquatic ecosystems in rural areas should benefit from the linking of farm payments to compliance with relevant requirements of the wfd as set out in the commission’s proposals for the reform of the cap . greening of the cap will also promote the environmentally beneficial agricultural practices of crop diversification , the protection of permanent grassland , and the establishment and maintenance of ecologically valuable farmland and forest areas . ### protecting , conserving and enhancing the eu’s natural capital therefore also requires tackling problems at source through , inter alia , better integration of natural capital objectives into the development and implementation of other policies , ensuring that policies are coherent and deliver co - benefits . the greening elements set out in the commission’s reform proposals , notably for eu agriculture , fisheries and cohesion policy , backed by the proposals for greening the eu budget under the multi - annual financial framework 2014 - 2020 are designed to support these objectives . for instance , aquatic ecosystems in rural areas should benefit from the linking of farm payments to compliance with relevant requirements of the wfd as set out in the commission’s proposals for the reform of the cap . greening of the cap will also promote the environmentally beneficial agricultural practices of crop diversification , the protection of permanent grassland , and the establishment and maintenance of ecologically valuable farmland and forest areas .


### ecosystem - based approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation which also benefit biodiversity and the provision of other ecosystem services should be used more extensively as part of the eu’s climate change policy , while other environmental objectives such as biodiversity conservation and water protection should be fully taken into account in decisions relating to renewable energy . finally , measures to address transport - related air pollution and co2 emissions will need to be rolled out41 . ### ecosystem - based approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation which also benefit biodiversity and the provision of other ecosystem services should be used more extensively as part of the eu’s climate change policy , while other environmental objectives such as biodiversity conservation and soil and water protection should be fully taken into account in decisions relating to renewable energy . finally , measures to address transport - related air pollution and co2 emissions will need to be rolled out41 .


### action taken under the biodiversity strategy to restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems in the eu and to expand the use of green infrastructure will help to overcome land fragmentation . it will further enhance natural capital and increase ecosystem resilience , and can offer cost - effective options for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk management . meanwhile , member states ' efforts to map and assess ecosystems and their services , and the ‘ no net loss’ initiative planned in 2015 will contribute to maintaining the stock of natural capital at a variety of scales . the integration of the economic value of ecosystem services into accounting and reporting systems at eu and national level by 2020 will result in better management of the eu ' s natural capital . ### action taken under the biodiversity strategy to restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems in the eu by 2020 ; regarding this as a minimum , however , and wishes the eu to set a considerably higher restoration target reflecting its own more ambitious headline target and its 2050 vision ; and to expand the use of green infrastructure will help to overcome land fragmentation . as an addition to the full implementation of the birds and habitats directives these actions will further contribute to establishing and maintaining healthy and resilient ecosystems and enhancing their services . it will further enhance natural capital and increase ecosystem resilience , and can offer cost - effective options for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk management . meanwhile , member states ' efforts to map and assess ecosystems and their services , and the ‘ no net loss’ initiative planned in 2015 will contribute to maintaining the stock of natural capital . the integration of the economic value of ecosystem services into accounting and reporting systems at eu and national level by 2020 will result in better management of the eu ' s natural capital .


### the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems and biodiversity are further reduced . ### the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems and biodiversity are significantly reduced to achieve the long term objective of not exceeding critical loads and levels .


### increasing efforts to reduce soil erosion and increase soil organic matter , to remediate contaminated sites and to enhance the integration of land use aspects into coordinated decision - making involving all relevant levels of government , supported by the adoption of targets on soil and on land as a resource , and land planning objectives . ### increasing efforts at national level to reduce soil erosion and increase soil organic matter , to remediate contaminated sites and to enhance the integration of land use aspects into coordinated decision - making involving all relevant levels of government , supported by the adoption of targets on soil and on land as a resource , and land planning objectives . increasing efforts at national level to reduce land use and maintain agricultural land for the production of feed and food and renewable raw materials .


### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy security . the roadmap to resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives . ### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , reduces the overall resource extraction and use , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy and resource security . the roadmap to a resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives .


### innovation to improve resource efficiency is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , scarcity and supply constraints . the business sector is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right framework conditions for eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges . ### innovation to improve resource efficiency is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , scarcity and supply constraints . the business sector is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right framework conditions for eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges and promoting sustainable patterns of resource use .


### measures will also be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , thus ensuring a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . ### some existing policy instruments relating to production and consumption are limited in scope . there is a need for a framework that gives appropriate signals to producers and consumers to promote resource efficiency and the circular economy . measures will be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . consumers should receive accurate and reliable information about the products they purchase , including in relation to environmental claims . resource efficient business models such as product service systems , including leasing of products should also be supported . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , and addressing existing provisions through a more coherent legislative framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . this legislative framework supported by lifecycle indicators would address the fragmentation and scope limitations of the existing sustainable consumption and production acquis , and identify and fill gaps in policy , incentives and legislation to ensure minimum requirements for environmental performance of products .


### since 80% of all product - related environmental impacts are locked in during their design phase , the eu policy framework should ensure that priority products placed on the eu market are ‘ eco - designed’ with a view to optimising resource and material efficiency , by addressing inter alia recyclability , recycled content and durability . these requirements will have to be implementable and enforceable . efforts will be stepped up at eu and national level to remove barriers to eco - innovation and to unlock the full potential of europe ' s eco - industries , generating benefits for green jobs and growth . ### since 80% of all product - related environmental impacts are locked in during their design phase , the eu policy framework should ensure that priority products placed on the eu market are ‘ eco - designed’ with a view to optimising resource and material efficiency , by addressing inter alia durability , repairability , reusability , recyclability , use of recycled content and disassembly . in the long - term , products and their parts shall be sustainably sourced , designed to be reusable or fully recyclable . these requirements will have to be implementable and enforceable . efforts will be stepped up at eu and national level to remove barriers to eco - innovation , to increase consumer information as well as awareness and to unlock the full potential of europe ' s eco - industries , generating benefits for green jobs and growth .


### to set a framework for action to improve resource efficiency aspects beyond ghg emissions and energy , targets for reducing the overall environmental impact of consumption will be set , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors . taken together , these are responsible for almost 80 % of the environmental impacts of consumption . the rio + 20 outcome recognised the need to significantly reduce post - harvest and other food losses and waste throughout the food supply chain . ### to set a framework for action to improve resource efficiency aspects beyond ghg emissions and energy , the measurement and targets for land footprint , water footprint , material footprint as well as carbon footprint need to be adopted by 2015 . at least one of these indicators should be part of the european semester by 2015 . in addition , targets for reducing the overall environmental impact of consumption will be set , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors . taken together , these are responsible for almost 80 % of the environmental impacts of consumption . the rio + 20 outcome recognised the need to significantly reduce post - harvest and other food losses and waste throughout the food supply chain .


### turning waste into a resource , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts are needed to : reduce per capita waste generation in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable materials , phase out landfilling , ensure high quality recycling , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero . ### turning waste into a resource , by achieving near zero residual waste by 2020 , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation and strengthening of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts , including prevention , are needed to achieve a significant reduction of waste per capita per annum in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable and non - compostable materials , phase out landfilling , except for certain hazardous waste where landfilling would represent the safest disposal method , promote reuse , ensure high quality recycling and non - toxic material cycles , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . thereby not spending any more public money on landfill infrastructure in the next multi - annual financial framework . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero .


### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets are needed to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level . ### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets for the water footprint , land footprint , material footprint and carbon footprint are needed by 2015 to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level .


### the eu has met its 2020 climate and energy targets and is working towards reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit the average temperature increase below 2&#176 ; c . ### the eu has met its 2020 climate and energy targets and is working towards reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit the average temperature increase below 2&#176 ; c . the climate and energy targets for 2030 and further milestones for energy efficiency and renewable energy have been agreed .


### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , and resource efficiency increased . ### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , resource efficiency has increased due to market and policy incentives that reward best practices by business . resource efficiency throughout the production chain and lifecycle of a product can be measured and benchmarked .


### the overall environmental impact of production and consumption is reduced , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors . ### structural changes in production , technology and innovation , as well as consumption patterns and lifestyles have reduced the overall environmental impact of production and consumption is reduced , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors .


### waste is safely managed as a resource , waste generated per capita is in absolute decline , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials and landfilling of recyclable and compostable materials is effectively eradicated . ### waste is prevented and safely managed as a resource , waste generated per capita is in absolute decline , energy recovery is limited to non - compostable and non - recyclable materials and landfilling of recyclable and compostable materials is effectively eradicated .


### generalising the application of ‘ best available techniques’ and enhancing efforts to promote the uptake of emerging innovative technologies , processes and services . ### generalising the application of ‘ best available techniques’ in the context of the industrial emissions directive and enhancing efforts to promote the uptake of emerging innovative technologies , processes and services .


### establishing a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption . ### establishing a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption including where appropriate the consolidation of existing instruments into a coherent legal framework . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . stimulating consumer demand for environmentally sustainable products and services . developing indicators and setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption .


### fully implementing eu waste legislation . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that landfilling is effectively phased out , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials , recycled waste is used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . ### fully implementing eu waste legislation and achieving near zero waste by 2020 . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to reduce the generation of waste , to promote reuse , to ensure high quality recycling and non - toxic material cycles so that waste can be used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , there is a high - quality source segregation system in place , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable and non - compostable materials , landfilling is effectively phased out , except for certain hazardous waste where landfilling would represent the safest disposal method , and the generation of hazardous waste is significantly reduced and otherwise safely managed . illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . it will require the systematic setting of ambitious recycling , re - use and prevention targets in all eu waste policies .


### noise pollution in the eu has significantly decreased . ### noise pollution in the eu has significantly decreased to who recommended levels .


### decisive progress is made in adapting to climate change impacts . ### decisive progress is made in preventing and adapting to climate change impacts .


### implementing updated eu policy on air quality , aligned with the latest scientific knowledge , and measures to combat air pollution at source . ### implementing updated eu policy on air quality , aligned with the latest scientific knowledge , developing an eu strategy for indoor air quality and measures to combat air pollution at source .


### improving the implementation of the eu environment acquis at member state level will therefore be given top priority in the coming years . there are significant differences in implementation between and within member states . there is a need to equip those involved in implementing environmental legislation at national , regional and local levels with the knowledge and capacity to improve the delivery of benefits from this legislation . ### improving the implementation of the eu environment acquis at member state level will therefore be given top priority in the coming years . there are significant differences in implementation between and within member states . there is a need to equip those involved in implementing environmental legislation at eu , national , regional and local levels with the knowledge , tools and capacity to improve the delivery of benefits from this legislation .


### fourth , eu citizens will gain better access to justice in environmental matters and effective legal protection , in line with international treaties and developments brought about by the entry into force of the lisbon treaty and recent case law of the european court of justice . non - judicial conflict resolution will also be promoted as an alternative to litigation . ### fourth , eu citizens will gain access to justice in environmental matters and effective legal protection , in line with the aarhus convention and other international treaties and developments brought about by the entry into force of the lisbon treaty and recent case law of the european court of justice . non - judicial conflict resolution will also be promoted as an alternative to litigation .


### eu citizens have access to clear information showing how eu environment law is being implemented . ### full implementation of the aarhus convention ensuring eu citizens access to clear information showing how eu environment law is being implemented , participation in certain environmentally relevant decisions and access to justice .


### citizens ' trust and confidence in eu environment law is enhanced . ### citizens ' trust and confidence in eu environment law and its enforcement is enhanced .


### ensuring that national provisions on access to justice reflect the case law of the court of justice of the european union , and promoting non - judicial conflict resolution as a means of finding amicable solutions for conflicts in the environmental field . ### ensuring that national provisions on access to justice reflect the case law of the court of justice of the european union , and promoting non - judicial conflict resolution as a means of finding effective solutions for conflicts in the environmental field .


### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the evidence - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges . ### eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this knowledge base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the knowledge - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges .


### further implementation of the shared environmental information system principle of ‘ produce once , use often’ and the common approaches and standards on acquisition and collation of spatial information under the inspire and gmes65 systems will help avoid duplication of effort and eliminate unnecessary administrative burdens on public authorities , as will efforts to streamline reporting obligations under different pieces of legislation . member states should make information gathered to assess environmental impacts of plans , programmes and projects more accessible to the public . ### further implementation of the shared environmental information system principle of ‘ produce once , use often’ and the common approaches and standards on acquisition and collation of spatial information under the inspire and copernicus systems , as well as other environmental information systems for europe , will help avoid duplication of effort and eliminate unnecessary administrative burdens on public authorities , as will efforts to streamline reporting obligations under different pieces of legislation . member states should make information gathered to assess environmental impacts of plans , programmes and projects more accessible to the public .


### there are still significant gaps in knowledge , some of them relevant to this programme ' s priority objectives . investing in further research to fill these gaps is therefore essential to ensure that public authorities and businesses have a sound basis for taking decisions which fully reflect true social , economic and environmental benefits and costs . four gaps stand out : ### there are still significant gaps in knowledge , some of them relevant to this programme ' s priority objectives . investing in further research to fill these gaps is therefore essential to ensure that public authorities and businesses have a sound knowledge of latest science which fully reflect true social , economic and environmental benefits and costs . four gaps stand out :


### – the transition to an inclusive green economy requires proper consideration of the interplay between socio - economic and environmental factors . improving our understanding of sustainable consumption and production patterns , how costs of action or inaction can be considered more accurately , how changes in individual and societal behaviour contribute to environmental outcomes and how europe ' s environment is affected by global megatrends can help better target policy initiatives towards improving resource efficiency and relieving pressures on the environment . ### – the transition to an inclusive green economy requires proper consideration of the interplay between socio - economic and environmental factors . improving our understanding of sustainable consumption and production patterns , how costs and benefits of action or inaction can be considered more accurately , how changes in individual and societal behaviour contribute to environmental outcomes and how europe ' s environment is affected by global megatrends can help better target policy initiatives towards improving resource efficiency and relieving pressures on the environment .


### – there are still uncertainties surrounding the human health and environmental implications of endocrine disruptors , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials . filling these gaps can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , while stimulating more sustainable use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors affecting human health would allow preventive policy actions to be taken . ### – while there are still uncertainties surrounding the full implications for human health and the environment of endocrine disrupters , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials , the latest research indicates that endocrine disrupters cause adverse health effects , especially regarding pregnant women and the development of children . this fully warrants precautionary action . in addition , concerns exist regarding the potential environment and health implications of the combined effects of chemicals in products , nanomaterials and similar advanced materials . implementing existing knowledge , supplemented with a continued effort to fill the remaining knowledge gaps including , inter alia , via the use of biomonitoring and environmental monitoring , can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , and also help to stimulate a more sustainable approach to the use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors and the levels of exposure affecting human health and the environment would allow preventive policy actions to be taken .


### new and emerging issues arising from rapid technological developments that outpace policy , such as nanomaterials , unconventional energy sources , carbon capture and storage and electromagnetic waves , pose risk management challenges and can give rise to conflicting interests , needs and expectations . this in turn can lead to increasing public concern and potential hostility towards new technologies . there is therefore a need to ensure a broader , explicit societal debate about the environmental risks and possible trade - offs that we are willing to accept in the light of sometimes incomplete or uncertain information about emerging risks and how they should be handled . a systematic approach to environmental risk management will improve the eu ' s capacity to identify and act upon technological developments in a timely manner , while providing reassurance to the public . ### new and emerging issues arising from rapid technological developments that outpace policy , such as nanomaterials and similar advanced materials , unconventional energy sources , carbon capture and storage and electromagnetic waves , pose risk management challenges and can give rise to conflicting interests , needs and expectations . this in turn can lead to increasing public concern and potential hostility towards new technologies . there is therefore a need to ensure a broader , explicit societal debate about the environmental risks and possible trade - offs that we are willing to accept in the light of sometimes incomplete or uncertain information about emerging risks and how they should be handled . a systematic approach to environmental risk management will improve the eu ' s capacity to identify and act upon technological developments in a timely manner , while providing reassurance to the public .


### in order to improve the evidence base for environment policy , the programme shall ensure that by 2020 : ### in order to improve the knowledge and evidence base for environment policy , the programme shall ensure that by 2020 :


### policy - makers and businesses have a better basis for developing and implementing environment and climate policies , including measuring costs and benefits . ### policy - makers and businesses have a better basis for developing and implementing environment and climate policies , including measuring costs and benefits of action or inaction .


### coordinating and focusing research efforts at eu and member state levels on addressing key environmental knowledge gaps , including the risks of environmental tipping - points . ### coordinating and focusing research efforts at eu and member state levels on addressing key environmental knowledge gaps , including the risks of environmental tipping - points as highlighted in the planetary boundaries concept .


### adopting a systematic approach to risk management . ### adopting a systematic and integrated approach to risk management , based on the precautionary principle and preventive action , the polluter - pays principle , the principle of rectification of pollution at source as well as the principle of proportionality .


### the increased capital provided to the european investment bank as part of the 2012 compact for growth and jobs provides an additional source of investment . ### the increased capital provided to the european investment bank as part of the 2012 compact for growth and jobs provides an additional source of investment , which shall be spent in line with the eu environment and climate objectives .


### environmental sustainability is key to reducing poverty and ensuring quality of life and economic growth . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and recognised the inclusive green economy as an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for action on water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of fossil fuel subsidies . they will need to be addressed through tailor - made approaches at local , national or union level , as well as committed engagement in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally . ### ensuring sustainability is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today and is key to ending poverty and ensuring prosperity and wellbeing for all . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically , socially and environmentally sustainable future for the planet , for present and future generations . they also recognised that the inclusive green economy is an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for international action in a number of areas such as water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of environmentally harmful subsidies , including fossil fuel subsidies . in addition to translating these commitments into action at the local , national and eu level , the eu will engage proactively in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally .


### the rio + 20 outcomes will need to be reflected in the internal and external policy priorities of the union and its member states . the union should also support the creation of a high level political forum to gradually replace the commission for sustainable development and monitor the implementation of rio + 20 outcomes . ### the rio + 20 outcomes needs to be reflected in the internal and external policy priorities of the union and its member states . the union should also support the workings of the high level political forum that will replace the commission for sustainable development and monitor the implementation of rio + 20 outcomes .


### the global biodiversity targets under the convention on biological diversity need to be met by 2020 as the basis for halting and eventually reversing the loss of biodiversity worldwide . the eu will contribute its fair share to these efforts , including by reaching the target to double biodiversity - related funding to developing countries by 2015 and maintain this level until 2020 . there is already a global 2020 target for the management of risks posed by chemicals . the eu will continue to play an active and constructive role in helping these processes achieve their objectives . ### the global biodiversity targets under the convention on biological diversity need to be met by 2020 as the basis for halting and eventually reversing the loss of biodiversity worldwide . the eu will contribute its fair share to these efforts , including by reaching the target to double biodiversity - related funding to developing countries by 2015 and maintain this level until 2020 . the eu will continue to support the implementation of the un convention to combat desertification , in particular by taking action to achieve a land degradation neutral world as agreed at rio + 20 . it will also step up efforts to reach the global 2020 target for the sound management of chemicals throughout their life - cycle and of hazardous waste , as reinforced at rio + 20 , and to support related conventions . the eu will continue to play an active and constructive role in helping these processes achieve their objectives .


### the outcomes of rio + 20 are fully integrated into the eu ' s external policies and the eu is contributing effectively to global efforts to implement agreed commitments , including those under the rio conventions . ### the outcomes of rio + 20 are fully integrated into the eu ' s internal and external policies and the eu is contributing effectively to global efforts to implement agreed commitments , including those under the rio conventions .


### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development through strengthening unep in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of un agency , and supporting ongoing efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements ; ### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development , in particular its environmental dimension through : further strengthening the united nations environment programme in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , building on the decision by the unep governing council to establish a un environment assembly , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of a specialised agency ; supporting efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements , in particular in the chemicals and waste and the biodiversity clusters ; and c ) contributing to ensuring a strong and authoritative voice for the environment in the work of the high level political forum on sustainable development .


### engaging with partner countries in a more strategic way . this should involve focusing cooperation : 1 ) with strategic partners on the promotion of best practice in domestic environment policy and legislation and convergence in multilateral environmental negotiations ; 2 ) with countries covered by the european neighbourhood policy on gradual approximation with key eu environment and climate policy and legislation and on strengthening cooperation to address regional environmental and climate challenges ; 3 ) with developing countries to support their efforts to protect the environment , fight climate change and reduce natural disasters , and implement international environmental commitments as a contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable development . ### engaging with partner countries in a more strategic way which includes a timely communication of the eu ' s position and goals ahead of international conferences . this should involve focusing cooperation : 1 ) with strategic partners on the promotion of best practice in domestic environment policy and legislation and convergence in multilateral environmental negotiations ; 2 ) with countries covered by the european neighbourhood policy on gradual approximation with key eu environment and climate policy and legislation and on strengthening cooperation to address regional environmental and climate challenges ; 3 ) with developing countries to support their efforts to protect the environment , fight climate change and reduce natural disasters , and implement international environmental commitments as a contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable development .


### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 . ### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 , and boosting efforts to implement all key multilateral environmental agreements well before 2020 .


### assessing the environmental impact , in a global context , of eu consumption of food and non - food commodities and possible related responses . ### assessing the environmental impact , in a global context , of eu consumption of food and non - food commodities and possible related responses and taking the necessary policy measures to address the findings of such assessments .


### the commission will ensure that implementation of the programme is monitored in the context of the europe 2020 strategy ' s regular monitoring process . an evaluation of the programme will be carried out before 2020 , in particular on the basis of the eea ' s state of the environment report . ### the commission will ensure that implementation of the programme is monitored in the context of the europe 2020 strategy ' s regular monitoring process . an evaluation of the programme will be carried out before 2020 , in particular on the basis of the eea ' s state of the environment report . the commission will on a biannual basis report to the parliament on the progress of the environment action programme .


### by decision 2012 / 419 / eu , the european council decided to amend the status of mayotte with regard to the european union with effect from 1 january 2014 . therefore , from that date mayotte will cease to be an overseas territory and become an outermost region within the meaning of articles 349 and 355 of the treaty . union law will apply to mayotte as from that date . it is appropriate to provide for certain specific measures justified by the particular structural social and economic situation of mayotte in a number of areas . ### by decision 2012 / 419 / eu , the european council decided to amend the status of mayotte with regard to the european union with effect from 1 january 2014 . therefore , from that date mayotte will cease to be an overseas territory and become an outermost region within the meaning of articles 349 and 355 of the treaty on the functioning of the eu . following this change in legal status of mayotte , union law will apply to mayotte as from 1 january 2014 . it is appropriate to provide for certain specific measures justified by the particular structural social , environmental and economic situation of mayotte in a number of areas .


### in respect of directive 2006 / 7 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 15 february 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing directive 76 / 160 / eec , the current state of surface waters in mayotte calls for considerable improvement in order to comply with the requirements of that directive . the quality of bathing waters depends directly upon urban waste water treatment , and the provisions of directive 2006 / 7 / ec may only be complied with progressively once agglomerations that affect the quality of urban waste waters comply with the requirements of directive 91 / 271 / eec . therefore , specific time limits need to be adopted in order allow france to reach the union standards as regards bathing water quality in mayotte . ### in respect of directive 2006 / 7 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 15 february 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing directive 76 / 160 / eec , the current state of surface waters in mayotte calls for considerable improvement in order to comply with the requirements of that directive . the quality of bathing waters depends directly upon urban waste water treatment , and the provisions of directive 2006 / 7 / ec may only be complied with progressively once agglomerations that affect the quality of urban waste waters comply with the requirements of directive 91 / 271 / eec . therefore , specific time limits need to be adopted in order to allow france to reach the union standards as regards bathing water quality in mayotte as a new outermost region and due to its special social , environmental and economic situation .


### in the area of social policy , account should be taken of the difficulties to comply with directive 2006 / 25 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 5 april 2006 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risks arising from physical agents in mayotte as from 1 january 2014 . there are no technical facilities available in mayotte for the implementation of measures necessary to comply with that directive in the field of artificial optical radiation . therefore , it is possible to grant a derogation to france from certain provisions of that directive until 31 december 2017 , provided that those structures are not available in mayotte and without prejudice to the general principles of protection and prevention in the area of health and safety of workers . ### in the area of social policy , account should be taken of the difficulties to comply with directive 2006 / 25 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 5 april 2006 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risks arising from physical agents in mayotte as from 1 january 2014 . there are no technical facilities available in mayotte due to its prevailing special social and economic situation for the implementation of measures necessary to comply with that directive in the field of artificial optical radiation . therefore , it is appropriate to grant a derogation to france from certain provisions of that directive until 31 december 2017 , provided that those structures are not available in mayotte and without prejudice to the general principles of protection and prevention in the area of health and safety of workers .


### by way of derogation from paragraph 1 , in respect of mayotte france shall ensure that urban waste water entering collecting systems are , before discharge , subject to secondary treatment or an equivalent treatment : - by 31 december 2020 at the latest for agglomerations of more than 15 000 p . e . which , along with those agglomerations referred to in article 5 , will cover at least 70% of the load generated in mayotte ; - by 31 december 2027 at the latest for all agglomerations . ' ### by way of derogation from paragraph 1 , in respect of mayotte france shall ensure that urban waste water entering collecting systems are , before discharge , subject to secondary treatment or an equivalent treatment : - by 31 december 2020 at the latest for agglomerations of more than 15 000 p . e . which , along with those agglomerations referred to in article 5 , will cover at least 70% of the load generated in mayotte ; - by 31 december 2027 at the latest for all agglomerations of more than 2 000 p . e . . '


### ' by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , in mayotte , laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 and reared at that date in cages as referred to in this chapter may continue to be reared in such cages until 31 december 2014 . ' ### ' by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , in mayotte as an outermost region in the meaning of article 349 tfeu , laying hens may continue to be reared in cages as referred to in this chapter until 31 december 2017 . '


### this directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the official journal of the european union . ### this directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the official journal of the european union . it shall apply from 1 january 2014 .


### the high and rapidly increasing demand for maritime space for different purposes , such as renewable energy installations , maritime shipping and fishing activities , ecosystem conservation and tourism and aquaculture installations , as well as the multiple pressures on coastal resources require an integrated planning and management approach . ### the high and rapidly increasing demand for maritime space for different purposes , such as renewable energy installations , oil and gas exploration and exploitation , maritime shipping and fishing activities , ecosystem conservation and tourism and aquaculture installations as well as multiple pressures on coastal resources require an integrated planning and management approach .


### in marine waters and coastal zones , ecosystems and marine and coastal resources are subject to significant pressures . human activities , but also climate change effects , natural hazards and shoreline dynamics such as erosion and accretion , can have severe impacts on coastal economic development and growth , as well as coastal and marine ecosystems , leading to deterioration of environmental status , loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services . due regard should be given to these various pressures in the establishment of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies . moreover , healthy coastal and marine ecosystems and their multiple services , if integrated in planning decisions , can deliver substantial benefits in terms of food production , recreation and tourism , climate change mitigation and adaptation , shoreline dynamics control and disaster prevention . ### in marine waters and coastal zones , ecosystems and marine and coastal resources are subject to significant pressures . human activities , but also climate change effects , natural hazards and shoreline dynamics such as erosion and accretion , can have severe impacts on coastal economic development and growth , as well as coastal and marine ecosystems , leading to deterioration of environmental status , loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services . due regard must be given to these various pressures in the establishment of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies . moreover , healthy coastal and marine ecosystems and their multiple services , if integrated in planning decisions , can deliver substantial benefits in terms of food production , recreation and tourism , climate change mitigation and adaptation , shoreline dynamics control and disaster prevention .


### maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management should apply the ecosystem - based approach as referred to in article 1 of directive 2008 / 56 / ec so as to ensure that the collective pressure of all activities is kept within levels compatible with the achievement of good environmental status and that the capacity of marine ecosystems to respond to human - induced changes is not compromised , while enabling the sustainable use of marine goods and services by present and future generations . ### maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management should apply the ecosystem - based approach as referred to in article 1 of directive 2008 / 56 / ec , and take account of the precautionary principle and the principle that preventive action should be taken , as laid down in article 191 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , so as to ensure that the collective pressure of all maritime and coastal activities is kept within levels compatible with the achievement of good environmental status and that the capacity of marine ecosystems to respond to human - induced changes is not compromised , while enabling the sustainable use of marine goods and services by present and future generations .


### the main purpose of maritime spatial planning is to identify and manage spatial uses and conflicts in maritime areas . in order to achieve that purpose , member states need at least to ensure that the planning process or processes result in a comprehensive map identifying the different uses of maritime space , taking into consideration long term changes due to climate change . ### the purposes of maritime spatial planning are to identify and manage spatial uses and conflicts in maritime areas and guarantee the sustainable development of maritime and coastal activities . in order to achieve these purposes , member states need at least to ensure that the planning process or processes result in a comprehensive map identifying the different uses of maritime space , taking into consideration long term changes due to climate change .


### the management of maritime and coastal areas is complex and involves different levels of authorities , economic operators and other stakeholders . in order to guarantee sustainable development in an effective manner , it is essential that stakeholders , authorities and the public are consulted at an appropriate stage in the preparation of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies under this directive , in accordance with relevant eu legislation . a good example for public consultation provisions can be found in article 2 of directive 2003 / 35 . ### the management of maritime and coastal areas is complex and involves different levels of authorities , economic operators and other stakeholders . in order to guarantee sustainable development in an effective manner , it is essential that stakeholders , the authorities at the various levels and the public are consulted at every stage of the development of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies under this directive , in accordance with relevant eu legislation . good examples for public consultation provisions can be found in article 2 of directive 2003 / 35 / ec and article 6 of directive 2001 / 42 / ec .


### securing the energy supply of the union by promoting the development of marine energy sources , the development of new and renewable forms of energy , the interconnection of energy networks , and energy efficiency ; ### meeting the union ' s objectives as regards the development of renewable forms of energy , securing the energy supply of the union by promoting the development of renewable marine energy sources , the development of new and renewable forms of energy , the interconnection of energy networks , and energy efficiency ;


### member states shall establish means for the public participation of all interested parties at an early stage in the development of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies . ### member states shall establish means for the public participation of all stakeholders , the authorities at the various levels and the public concerned at an early stage in the development of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies .


### public participation shall ensure that the relevant stakeholders and authorities and the public concerned are consulted on the draft plans and strategies and have access to the results once available . ### public participation shall ensure that the relevant stakeholders , the authorities at the various levels and the public concerned are consulted on the draft plans and strategies and have access to the results once available .


### the life of the eltif shall be sufficient in length to cover the life - cycle of each of the individual assets of the eltif , measured according to the illiquidity profile and economic life - cycle of the asset , and the stated investment objective of the eltif . ### in selecting investments , the eltif shall take account of the life cycles of the relevant assets measured according to the liquidity profile and economic life - cycle of the asset , and the stated investment objective of the eltif .


### the marine monitoring service shall provide information on the state and dynamics of physical ocean and marine ecosystems for the global ocean and the european regional areas ; ### the marine monitoring service shall provide information on the state and dynamics of physical ocean and marine ecosystems for the global ocean , polar and the european regional areas ;


### the land monitoring service shall provide information in support of the global - to - local environmental monitoring of biodiversity , soil , water , forests and natural resources , as well as in general implementation of environment , agriculture , development , energy , urban planning , infrastructure and transport policies ; ### the land monitoring service shall provide information in support of the global to - local environmental monitoring of biodiversity , soil , water , cryosphere , forests and natural resources , as well as in general implementation of environment , agriculture , development , energy , urban planning , infrastructure and transport policies ;


### regulation no 1406 / 2002 of the european parliament and of the council of 27 june 2002 established a european maritime safety agency for the purpose of ensuring a high , uniform and effective level of maritime safety and prevention of pollution by ships . ### regulation no 1406 / 2002 of the european parliament and of the council of 27 june 2002 , which was adopted after the ' erika ' oil tanker disaster and the appalling oil pollution it caused , established a european maritime safety agency for the purpose of ensuring a high , uniform and effective level of maritime safety and prevention of pollution by ships .


### in accordance with article 22 of regulation no 1406 / 2002 , the administrative board of the agency commissioned an independent external evaluation on the implementation of that regulation in 2007 . based on this evaluation , it issued recommendations regarding changes to regulation no 1406 / 2002 , to the agency and its working practices in june 2008 . ### in accordance with article 22 of regulation no 1406 / 2002 , the administrative board of the agency commissioned an independent external evaluation on the implementation of that regulation in 2007 . based on this evaluation , it issued recommendations regarding changes to regulation no 1406 / 2002 , to the agency , its areas of competence and its working practices in june 2008 .


### based on the findings of the external evaluation , the recommendations by the administrative board and the multi - annual strategy , some provisions of regulation no 1406 / 2002 should be clarified and updated . furthermore , the agency should receive a number of additional tasks reflecting the development of the maritime safety policy at eu and international level . considerable screening and redeployment efforts are necessary to guarantee cost and budget efficiency . this should allow one third of additional staffing needs for new tasks to be covered through internal redeployment by the agency . ### based on the findings of the external evaluation , the recommendations by the administrative board and the multi - annual strategy , some provisions of regulation no 1406 / 2002 should be clarified and updated . while focusing on its priority tasks in the area of maritime safety , the agency should also receive a number of additional tasks reflecting the development of the maritime safety policy at eu and international level . given the budget constraints facing the eu , considerable screening and redeployment efforts are necessary to guarantee cost and budget efficiency and to avoid any overlapping . this should allow one third of additional staffing needs for new tasks to be covered through internal redeployment by the agency .


### based on the findings of the external evaluation , the recommendations by the administrative board and the multi - annual strategy , some provisions of regulation no 1406 / 2002 should be clarified and updated . furthermore , the agency should receive a number of additional tasks reflecting the development of the maritime safety policy at eu and international level . considerable screening and redeployment efforts are necessary to guarantee cost and budget efficiency . this should allow one third of additional staffing needs for new tasks to be covered through internal redeployment by the agency . ### based on the findings of the external evaluation , the recommendations by the administrative board and the multi - annual strategy , some provisions of regulation no 1406 / 2002 should be clarified and updated . furthermore , the agency should receive a number of additional tasks reflecting the development of the maritime safety policy at eu and international level . considerable screening and redeployment efforts are necessary to guarantee cost and budget efficiency . this should allow one third of additional staffing needs for new tasks to be covered through internal redeployment by the agency . in keeping with this requirement for greater efficiency , the agency should attach a report to each year’s budget on the unspent appropriations carried over from previous years , explaining why those monies have not been used and how and when they will be used .


### the agency should enhance its assistance to the commission regarding research activities related to its field of competences . however , double work with the existing eu research framework should be avoided . in particular , the agency should not be in charge of the management of research projects . ### the agency should enhance its assistance to the commission and the member states regarding research activities related to its field of competences . however , double work with the existing eu research framework should be avoided . in particular , the agency should not be in charge of the management of research projects .


### the commission and the agency should cooperate closely in the preparation of the operational working methods of the agency regarding inspections . as long as the measures concerning those working methods have not entered into force , the agency should follow the existing practise for the conduct of the inspections . ### the commission and the agency should cooperate closely to prepare with all possible urgency the operational working methods of the agency regarding inspections . as long as the measures concerning those working methods have not entered into force , the agency should follow the existing practice for the conduct of the inspections .


### in order to ensure that the objectives set out in article 1 are met in the appropriate manner , the agency shall perform the tasks listed in paragraph 2 of this article in the fields of maritime safety and maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### the objectives set out in article 1 represent the primary task of the agency and must be met as a priority . the attribution to the agency of the new tasks listed in paragraph 2 shall be subject to the proper performance of the tasks relating to maritime safety and maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution at the request of the member states and the commission .


### support with additional means in a cost efficient way , through the eu civil protection mechanism established by decision 2007 / 779 / ec , euratom , their pollution response actions in case of accidental or deliberate marine pollution , when such a request has been presented ; in this respect , the agency shall assist the affected member state under which the cleaning operations are conducted . ### support with additional means in a cost efficient way , through the eu civil protection mechanism established by decision 2007 / 779 / ec , euratom , their pollution response actions in case of accidental or deliberate marine pollution , when such a request has been presented ; in this respect , the agency shall assist the affected member state under which the cleaning operations are conducted , by providing the appropriate technical resources ;


### the agency shall at the request of the commission provide technical assistance as regards the implementation of relevant eu legislation to states applying for accession to the union , to all european neighbourhood partner countries and to countries taking part in the paris memorandum of understanding on port state control . ### the agency shall at the request of the commission provide technical assistance as regards the implementation of relevant eu legislation to states applying for accession to the union , to all european neighbourhood partner countries , particularly third countries in the european maritime space including in the framework of the european neighbourhood policy .


### in order to perform the tasks entrusted to it and to assist the commission in fulfilling its duties under the treaty in particular the assessment of the effective implementation of union law , the agency shall carry out inspections in the member states . ### in order to perform the tasks entrusted to it and to assist the commission in fulfilling its duties under the treaty in particular the assessment of the effective implementation of union law , the agency shall carry out inspections in the member states , solely at the request of the commission .


### at the request of the commission , the administrative board may decide , with the agreement of the member states concerned , to establish the regional centres necessary in order to carry out the agency ' s tasks in the most efficient and effective way . ### at the request of the commission , the administrative board shall decide , with the agreement of the member states concerned , to establish the regional centres necessary in order to carry out the agency ' s tasks in the most efficient and effective way .


### adopt a multi - annual strategy for the agency covering a period of five years ahead taking the opinion of the commission into account ; ### adopt a multi - annual strategy for the agency covering a period of five years ahead taking the opinion of the commission and parliament into account ;


### the executive director shall be appointed and dismissed by the administrative board . the appointment shall be made from a list of candidates proposed by the commission for a period of five years on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . before appointment , the candidate selected by the administrative board may be invited to make a statement before the competent committee of the european parliament and answer questions put by its members . the administrative board shall take its decision by a four - fifths majority of all members with the right to vote . ### the executive director shall be appointed and dismissed by the administrative board . the appointment shall be made from a list of candidates proposed by the commission , with a balanced representation of men and women , for a period of five years on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and oil and gas platforms and response to marine pollution . before appointment , the candidate selected by the administrative board may be invited to make a statement before the competent committee of the european parliament and answer questions put by its members . the administrative board shall take its decision by a four - fifths majority of all members with the right to vote .


### the heads of department shall be appointed on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as professional competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . the heads of department shall be appointed or dismissed by the executive director after having received a positive opinion of the administrative board . ### the heads of department shall be appointed , upholding gender - balance , on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as professional competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . the heads of department shall be appointed or dismissed by the executive director after having received a positive opinion of the administrative board .


### member states shall ensure that infrastructure managers set up and organise coordination committees for each network . membership of this committee shall be open at least to the infrastructure manager , known applicants in the sense of article 8 and , upon their request , potential applicants , their representative organisations , representatives of users of the rail freight and passenger transport services and , where relevant , regional and local authorities . member state representatives and the regulatory body concerned shall be invited to the meetings of the coordination committee as observers . ### member states shall ensure that infrastructure managers set up and organise coordination committees for each network . membership of this committee shall be open to the infrastructure manager , known applicants in the sense of article 8 and , upon their request , potential applicants , their representative organisations , representatives of users of the rail freight and passenger transport services and , where relevant , regional and local authorities . member state representatives and the regulatory body concerned shall be invited to the meetings of the coordination committee as observers .


### in order to determine whether the economic equilibrium of a public service contract would be compromised , the relevant regulatory body or bodies referred to in article 55 shall make an objective economic analysis and base its decision on pre - determined criteria . they shall determine this after a request from any of the following , submitted within one month from the information on the intended passenger service referred to in article 38 : ### in order to determine whether the economic equilibrium of a public service contract or of a service provided by railway undertakings which have been granted access to railway infrastructure according to article 10 , paragraph 2 of this directive in case of creation of a new public service contract or alteration of an existing public service contract would be compromised , the relevant regulatory body or bodies referred to in article 55 shall make an objective economic analysis and base its decision on pre - determined criteria . they shall determine this after a request from any of the following , submitted within one month from the information on the intended passenger service referred to in article 38 :