### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the evidence - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges . ### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this knowledge and evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the evidence - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges .


### drawing up partnership implementation agreements between member states and the commission . ### drawing up transparent partnership implementation agreements between member states and the commission .


### third , the way in which complaints about implementation of eu environment law are handled and remedied at national level will be improved . ### third , the way in which complaints about implementation of eu environment law are handled and remedied at national level will be improved and made more transparent as well as accessible .


### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ' land degradation neutral world ' . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as to address soil quality issues within a binding legal framework . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil . ### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken at national level to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ' land degradation neutral world ' . such a commitment could best be honoured within the member states . in view of the subsidiarity principle , soil quality issues can best be addressed within binding legal frameworks at the level of the member states . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil .


### – there are still uncertainties surrounding the human health and environmental implications of endocrine disruptors , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials . filling these gaps can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , while stimulating more sustainable use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors affecting human health would allow preventive policy actions to be taken . ### – while there are still uncertainties surrounding the full implications for human health and the environment of endocrine disrupters , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials , the latest research indicates that endocrine disrupters cause adverse health effects , especially regarding pregnant women and the development of children . this fully warrants precautionary action . in addition , concerns exist regarding the potential environment and health implications of the combined effects of chemicals in products , nanomaterials and similar advanced materials . implementing existing knowledge , supplemented with a continued effort to fill the remaining knowledge gaps including , inter alia , via the use of biomonitoring and environmental monitoring , can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , and also help to stimulate a more sustainable approach to the use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors and the levels of exposure affecting human health and the environment would allow preventive policy actions to be taken .


### priority objective 5 : to improve the evidence base for environment policy ### priority objective 5 : to improve the knowledge and evidence base for environment policy


### turning waste into a resource , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts are needed to : reduce per capita waste generation in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable materials , phase out landfilling , ensure high quality recycling , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero . ### turning waste into a resource , by achieving near zero residual waste by 2020 , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation and strengthening of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts , including prevention , are needed to achieve a significant reduction of waste per capita per annum in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable and non - compostable materials , phase out landfilling , except for certain hazardous waste where landfilling would represent the safest disposal method , promote reuse , ensure high quality recycling and non - toxic material cycles , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . thereby not spending any more public money on landfill infrastructure in the next multi - annual financial framework . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero .


### forests and the services they provide are protected and their resilience to climate change and fires is improved . ### forests and the multitude of services they provide are protected and sustainably managed and their resilience to climate change and fires is improved , since forests are an important renewable source of raw materials .


### developing an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base and conducive to innovation of sustainable substitutes . ### developing by 2018 an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment building on horizontal measures to be undertaken by 2015 to ensure by specific provisions in all relevant laws 1 ) the safety of nanomaterials and similar advanced materials ; 2 ) the minimisation of exposure to endrocrine disrupters ; 3 ) appropriate regulatory approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and 4 ) the minimisation of exposure to chemicals in products , including inter alia imported products , with a view to promoting non - toxic material cycles and reducing indoor exposure to harmful substances . this should be supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base , which would accelerate efficient decision - making and promote innovation and the development of sustainable substitutes .


### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation and desertification . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental , economic and social risks , including health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable , especially taking biodiversity conservation and water protection into account .


### air quality in the eu has significantly improved ### indoor and outdoor air quality in the eu has significantly improved to who recommended levels and in accordance with who guidelines .


### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development through strengthening unep in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of un agency , and supporting ongoing efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements ; ### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development , in particular its environmental dimension through : further strengthening the united nations environment programme in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , building on the decision by the unep governing council to establish a un environment assembly , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of a specialised agency ; supporting efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements , in particular in the chemicals and waste and the biodiversity clusters ; and c ) contributing to ensuring a strong and authoritative voice for the environment in the work of the high level political forum on sustainable development .


### increasing efforts to reduce soil erosion and increase soil organic matter , to remediate contaminated sites and to enhance the integration of land use aspects into coordinated decision - making involving all relevant levels of government , supported by the adoption of targets on soil and on land as a resource , and land planning objectives . ### increasing efforts at national level to reduce soil erosion and increase soil organic matter – inter alia by preserving and expanding tried and tested agrienvironmental programmes in the rural development of the cap – , to remediate contaminated sites and to enhance the integration of land use aspects into coordinated decision - making involving all relevant levels of government , supported by the adoption of targets on soil and on land as a resource , and land planning objectives ; increasing efforts at national level to reduce the area of land used and to preserve agricultural land areas for the production of food , feed and renewable raw materials .


### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , and resource efficiency increased . ### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , resource efficiency has increased due to market and policy incentives that reward best practices by business . resource efficiency throughout the production chain and lifecycle of a product can be measured and benchmarked .


### measures will also be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , thus ensuring a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . ### some existing policy instruments relating to production and consumption are limited in scope . there is a need for a framework that gives appropriate signals to producers and consumers to promote resource efficiency and the circular economy . measures will be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . consumers should receive accurate and reliable information about the products they purchase , including in relation to environmental claims . resource efficient business models such as product service systems , including leasing of products should also be supported . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , and addressing existing provisions through a more coherent legislative framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . this legislative framework supported by lifecycle indicators would address the fragmentation and scope limitations of the existing sustainable consumption and production acquis , and identify and fill gaps in policy , incentives and legislation to ensure minimum requirements for environmental performance of products .


### fully implementing eu waste legislation . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that landfilling is effectively phased out , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials , recycled waste is used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . ### fully implementing eu waste legislation and achieving near zero waste by 2020 . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to reduce the generation of waste , to promote reuse , to ensure high quality recycling and non - toxic material cycles so that waste can be used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , there is a high - quality source segregation system in place , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable and non - compostable materials , landfilling is effectively phased out , except for certain hazardous waste where landfilling would represent the safest disposal method , and the generation of hazardous waste is significantly reduced and otherwise safely managed . illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . it will require the systematic setting of ambitious recycling , re - use and prevention targets in all eu waste policies .


### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets are needed to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level . ### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets for the water footprint , land footprint , material footprint and carbon footprint are needed by 2015 to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level .


### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy security . the roadmap to resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives . ### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , reduces the overall resource extraction and use , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy and resource security . the roadmap to a resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives .


### action taken under the biodiversity strategy to restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems in the eu and to expand the use of green infrastructure will help to overcome land fragmentation . it will further enhance natural capital and increase ecosystem resilience , and can offer cost - effective options for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk management . meanwhile , member states ' efforts to map and assess ecosystems and their services , and the ‘ no net loss’ initiative planned in 2015 will contribute to maintaining the stock of natural capital at a variety of scales . the integration of the economic value of ecosystem services into accounting and reporting systems at eu and national level by 2020 will result in better management of the eu ' s natural capital . ### action taken under the biodiversity strategy to restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems in the eu by 2020 ; regarding this as a minimum , however , and wishes the eu to set a considerably higher restoration target reflecting its own more ambitious headline target and its 2050 vision ; and to expand the use of green infrastructure will help to overcome land fragmentation . as an addition to the full implementation of the birds and habitats directives these actions will further contribute to establishing and maintaining healthy and resilient ecosystems and enhancing their services . it will further enhance natural capital and increase ecosystem resilience , and can offer cost - effective options for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk management . meanwhile , member states ' efforts to map and assess ecosystems and their services , and the ‘ no net loss’ initiative planned in 2015 will contribute to maintaining the stock of natural capital . the integration of the economic value of ecosystem services into accounting and reporting systems at eu and national level by 2020 will result in better management of the eu ' s natural capital .


### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu ' s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states ' planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu ' s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states ' planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . with a view to addressing the serious problem of the sealing of the soil , the eu member states should be required to take steps to reduce the area of land which has been built on and to safeguard agricultural land used to produce food , feedingstuffs and renewable raw materials .


### in addition to mandatory green public procurement requirements for certain product categories , most member states have adopted voluntary action plans and many have set targets for specific product groups . there is , however , considerable scope for administrations at all levels to further reduce their environmental impact through their purchasing decisions . member states and regions should take further steps to reach the target of applying green procurement criteria to at least 50% of public tenders . the commission will assess the possibility of introducing further sector - specific legislation to set mandatory green public procurement rules for additional product categories . ### in addition to mandatory green public procurement requirements for certain product categories , most member states have adopted voluntary action plans and many have set targets for specific product groups . there is , however , considerable scope for administrations at all levels to further reduce their environmental impact through their purchasing decisions . member states and regions should take further steps to reach the target of applying green procurement criteria to at least 50% of public tenders . the commission will propose further sector - specific legislation to set mandatory green public procurement rules for additional product categories .


### fully implementing the climate and energy package and agreeing on the eu ' s climate and energy policy framework for the period beyond 2020 . ### fully implementing the climate and energy package and agreeing on the eu ' s climate and energy policy framework for the period beyond 2020 by setting three legally binding targets for the year 2030 be in line with the milestones laid down in the roadmap for moving to a competitive and low carbon economy in 2050 including an assessment to increase the 2020 climate target to 30% .


### air quality in the eu has significantly improved ### indoor and outdoor air quality in the eu has significantly improved , in line with the levels recommended by the world health organisation


### adopting a systematic approach to risk management . ### adopting a systematic and integrated approach to risk management .


### the union and member states will need to put in place the right conditions to ensure that environmental externalities are adequately addressed and that the right market signals are sent to the private sector , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . this will involve applying the polluter - pays principle more systematically , through phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies and shifting taxation away from labour towards pollution . as natural resources become increasingly scarce , the economic rent and profits associated with their ownership or exclusive use may increase . public intervention to ensure that such rents are not excessive and that externalities are taken into account will lead to more efficient use of these resources and will help to avoid market distortions , as well as generate public revenue . environment and climate priorities will be pursued in the framework of the european semester where these are relevant to the sustainable growth prospects of individual member states to which country - specific recommendations are addressed . other market - based instruments , such as payments for ecosystem services , should be used more extensively at eu and national level to incentivise private sector involvement and sustainable management of natural capital . ### the union and member states will need to put in place the right conditions to ensure that environmental externalities are adequately addressed and that the right market signals are sent to the private sector , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . this will involve applying the polluter - pays principle more systematically , through phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies and shifting taxation away from labour towards pollution and resource consumption . as natural resources become increasingly scarce , the economic rent and profits associated with their ownership or exclusive use may increase . public intervention to ensure that such rents are not excessive and that externalities are taken into account will lead to more efficient use of these resources and will help to avoid market distortions , as well as generate public revenue . environment and climate priorities will be pursued in the framework of the european semester through the introduction of lead indicators where these are relevant to the sustainable growth prospects of individual member states to which country - specific recommendations are addressed . other market - based instruments , such as payments for ecosystem services , should be used more extensively at eu and national level to incentivise private sector involvement and sustainable management of natural capital .


### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 . ### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd , cites , icrw , and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 .


### giving impetus to the public and private research and innovation efforts required for rolling out innovative technologies , systems and business models which will speed up and lower the cost of transition to a low - carbon , resource - efficient economy . ### giving impetus to the public and private research and innovation efforts required for rolling out innovative technologies , systems and business models which will speed up and lower the cost of transition to a low - carbon , resource - efficient economy and contribute to a substantial reduction in food waste throughout the food chain .


### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ' land degradation neutral world ' . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as to address soil quality issues within a binding legal framework . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil . ### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken at national level to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ' land degradation neutral world ' . such a commitment could best be honoured within the member states . in view of the subsidiarity principle , soil quality issues can best be addressed within binding legal frameworks at the level of the member states . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil .


### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the evidence - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges . ### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the knowledge - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges .


### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development through strengthening unep in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of un agency , and supporting ongoing efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements ; ### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development , in particular its environmental dimension through : further strengthening the united nations environment programme in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , building on the decision by the unep governing council to establish a un environment assembly , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of a specialised agency ; supporting efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements , in particular in the chemicals and waste and the biodiversity clusters ; and c ) contributing to ensuring a strong and authoritative voice for the environment in the work of the high level political forum on sustainable development .


### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the milestones identified for 2020 and for building a competitive , low - carbon economy by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20% below 1990 levels by 2020 , meeting the 20% energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy and the on - going debate on conflicts between land use for food and for bio - energy . the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard . ### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the milestones identified for 2020 and for building a competitive , low - carbon economy by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20% below 1990 levels by 2020 , meeting the 20% energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy . the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard .


### – there are still uncertainties surrounding the human health and environmental implications of endocrine disruptors , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials . filling these gaps can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , while stimulating more sustainable use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors affecting human health would allow preventive policy actions to be taken . ### – while there are still uncertainties surrounding the full implications for human health and the environment of endocrine disrupters , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials , the latest research indicates that endocrine disrupters cause adverse health effects , especially regarding pregnant women and the development of children . this fully warrants precautionary action . in addition , concerns exist regarding the potential environment and health implications of the combined effects of chemicals in products , nanomaterials and similar advanced materials . implementing existing knowledge , supplemented with a continued effort to fill the remaining knowledge gaps including , inter alia , via the use of biomonitoring and environmental monitoring , can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , and also help to stimulate a more sustainable approach to the use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors and the levels of exposure affecting human health and the environment would allow preventive policy actions to be taken .


### this transformation requires the full integration of environment issues into other policies , such as energy , transport , agriculture , fisheries , economy and industry , research and innovation , employment and social policy so as to create a coherent , joined - up approach . action within the eu should also be complemented by enhanced global action and cooperation with neighbouring countries to tackle common challenges . ### this transformation requires the full integration of environment issues into other policies , such as energy , transport , agriculture , fisheries , economy and industry , research and innovation , employment , trade , development , foreign affairs and security , and social policy so as to create a coherent , joined - up approach . action within the eu should also be complemented by enhanced global action and cooperation with neighbouring countries to tackle common challenges


### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , which includes ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , species and habitats . ### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , i . e . its biodiversity , including ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the urban wastewater directive1 , the nitrates directive2 , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , soil and species and habitats . __________________ 1 directive 91 / 271 / eec . 2 directive 91 / 676 / eec .


### there is also considerable potential for improving waste management in the eu to make better use of resources , open up new markets , create new jobs and reduce dependence on imports of raw materials , while having lower impacts on the environment . each year in the eu , 2 . 7 billion tonnes of waste are produced , of which 98 million tonnes is hazardous . on average , only 40 % of solid waste is re - used or recycled . the rest goes to landfill or incineration . in some member states , more than 70 % of waste is recycled , showing how waste could be used as one of the eu ' s key resources . at the same time , many member states landfill over 75 % of their municipal waste . ### there is also considerable potential for improving waste management in the eu to make better use of resources and secondary raw materials , open up new markets , create new jobs and reduce dependence on imports of raw materials , while having lower impacts on the environment . each year in the eu , 2 . 7 billion tonnes of waste are produced , of which 98 million tonnes is hazardous . on average , only 40 % of solid waste is re - used or recycled . the rest goes to landfill or incineration . in some member states , more than 70 % of waste is recycled , showing how waste could be used as one of the eu ' s key resources . at the same time , many member states landfill over 75 % of their municipal waste .


### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ‘ land degradation neutral world’ . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as to address soil quality issues within a binding legal framework . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil . ### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome , recognizing the economic and social significance of good land management , called for a ‘ land degradation neutral world’ . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as how to address soil quality issues using a risk - based approach within a binding legal framework drawing on relevant aspects of the commission’s proposal for a directive establishing a framework for the protection of soil and amending directive 2004 / 35 / ec . targets should also be set for sustainable land use and soil .


### simplifying , streamlining and modernising environmental and climate change data and information collection , management and sharing . ### simplifying , streamlining and modernising environmental and climate change data and information collection , management and sharing – including the development and implementation of a european shared environmental information system .


### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound evidence base . ### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound knowledge and evidence base and be responsive to new scientific findings .


### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation and desertification . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental , economic and social risks , including health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable , especially taking biodiversity conservation and water protection into account .


### however , the pace of current developments and uncertainties surrounding likely future trends requires further steps to maintain and strengthen this evidence base to ensure policy in the eu continues to draw on a sound understanding of the state of the environment , possible response options and their consequences . ### however , the pace of current developments and uncertainties surrounding likely future trends requires further steps to maintain and strengthen this knowledge and evidence base to ensure policy in the eu continues to draw on a sound understanding of the state of the environment , possible response options and their consequences .


### the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services are halted and ecosystems and their services are maintained and enhanced . ### the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services are halted and ecosystems and their services are maintained , restored and enhanced , in particular through the full implementation and effective conservation of the natura 2000 network supported by prioritized action frameworks , and the implementation of the ' no nett loss principle ' .


### developing an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base and conducive to innovation of sustainable substitutes . ### developing by 2018 an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment building on horizontal measures to be undertaken by 2015 to ensure by specific provisions in all relevant laws 1 ) the safety of nanomaterials and similar advanced materials ; 2 ) the minimisation of exposure to endrocrine disrupters ; 3 ) appropriate regulatory approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and 4 ) the minimisation of exposure to chemicals in products , including inter alia imported products , with a view to promoting non - toxic material cycles and reducing indoor exposure to harmful substances . this should be supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base , which would accelerate efficient decision - making and promote innovation and the development of sustainable substitutes .


### environmental sustainability is key to reducing poverty and ensuring quality of life and economic growth . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and recognised the inclusive green economy as an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for action on water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of fossil fuel subsidies . they will need to be addressed through tailor - made approaches at local , national or union level , as well as committed engagement in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally . ### ensuring sustainability is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today and is key to ending poverty and ensuring prosperity and wellbeing for all . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically , socially and environmentally sustainable future for the planet , for present and future generations . they also recognised that the inclusive green economy is an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for international action in a number of areas such as water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of environmentally harmful subsidies , including fossil fuel subsidies . in addition to translating these commitments into action at the local , national and eu level , the eu will engage proactively in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally .


### fully implementing the blueprint to safeguard europe’s water resources . ### fully implementing the blueprint to safeguard europe’s water resources , albeit taking into account differences between member states and their specific features .


### strengthening efforts to reach full compliance with eu air quality legislation and defining strategic targets and actions beyond 2020 . ### reaching full compliance with eu air quality legislation and defining strategic targets and actions beyond 2020 .


### establishing a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption . ### establishing a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption including where appropriate the consolidation of existing instruments into a coherent legal framework . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . stimulating consumer demand for environmentally sustainable products and services . developing indicators and setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption .


### progressively phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies , increasing the use of market - based instruments , including taxation , pricing and charging , and expanding markets for environmental goods and services , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . ### the commission and the member states to adopt , without delay and by 2014 , concrete plans based on the definition in point annex i , paragraph 82 , point a for progressively phasing out all environmentally harmful subsidies by 2020 , including subsidies that incentivise inefficient use of renewable resources , and to report on progress through the national reform programmes ; increasing the use of market - based instruments , including a minimum ten per cent shift from labour to environmental taxation , pricing and charging , and expanding markets for environmental goods and services , with due regard to any adverse social impacts .


### ' by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , in mayotte , laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 and reared at that date in cages as referred to in this chapter may continue to be reared in such cages until 31 december 2014 ' ### ' by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , in mayotte , laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 and reared at that date in cages as referred to in this chapter may continue to be reared in such cages until 31 december 2017 '


### europe is confronted with major socio - economic challenges which significantly affect its future - such as growing economic and cultural interdependencies , ageing , social exclusion and poverty , inequalities and migration flows , closing the digital divide , fostering a culture of innovation and creativity in society and enterprises , as well ensuring security and freedom , trust in democratic institutions and between citizens within and across borders . these challenges are enormous and they call for a common european approach . ### europe is confronted with major socio - economic challenges which significantly affect its future - such as growing economic and cultural interdependencies , ageing , social exclusion and poverty , inequalities and migration flows , closing the digital divide , fostering a culture of innovation and creativity in society and enterprises , as well ensuring culturally sustainable development , security and freedom , trust in democratic institutions and between citizens within and across borders . these challenges are enormous and they call for a common european approach .


### securing the energy supply of the union by promoting the development of marine energy sources , the development of new and renewable forms of energy , the interconnection of energy networks , and energy efficiency ; ### meeting the union ' s objectives as regards the development of renewable forms of energy , securing the energy supply of the union by promoting the development of renewable marine energy sources , the development of new and renewable forms of energy , the interconnection of energy networks , and energy efficiency ;


### the management of maritime and coastal areas is complex and involves different levels of authorities , economic operators and other stakeholders . in order to guarantee sustainable development in an effective manner , it is essential that stakeholders , authorities and the public are consulted at an appropriate stage in the preparation of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies under this directive , in accordance with relevant eu legislation . a good example for public consultation provisions can be found in article 2 of directive 2003 / 35 . ### the management of maritime and coastal areas is complex and involves different levels of authorities , economic operators and other stakeholders . in order to guarantee sustainable development in an effective manner , it is essential that stakeholders , the authorities at the various levels and the public are consulted at every stage of the development of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies under this directive , in accordance with relevant eu legislation . good examples for public consultation provisions can be found in article 2 of directive 2003 / 35 / ec and article 6 of directive 2001 / 42 / ec .


### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies shall apply an ecosystem - based approach to facilitate the co - existence and prevent conflicts between competing sector activities in marine waters and coastal zones , and shall aim to contribute to : ### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies shall apply an ecosystem - based approach to foster the sustainable development of maritime and coastal activities and facilitate co - existence between competing sector activities in marine waters and coastal zones by preventing conflicts between them , thus making for better coordination of these activities . they shall aim in particular to contribute to :


### conservation , restoration and management of coastal ecosystems , ecosystem services and nature , coastal landscapes and islands ; ### protection , conservation , restoration and management of coastal ecosystems , natural resources , ecosystem services and nature , coastal landscapes and islands ;


### ensuring the preservation , protection and improvement of the environment as well as the prudent and rational use of natural resources , notably in order to achieve good environmental status , halt the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services and reduce marine pollution risks ; ### ensuring the preservation , protection and improvement of the environment as well as the prudent and rational use of natural resources , notably in order to achieve good environmental status , halt the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services and ward off marine pollution risks ;


### long - term finance is a crucial enabling tool for putting the european economy on a path of sustainable , smart and inclusive growth and for building tomorrow ' s economy in a way that is less prone to systemic risks and is more resilient . european long - term investment funds provide finance to various infrastructure projects or unlisted companies of lasting duration that issue equity or debt instruments for which there is no readily identifiable buyer . by providing finance to such projects , eltifs contribute to the financing of the union economies . ### long - term finance is a crucial enabling tool for putting the european economy on a path of sustainable , smart and inclusive growth and for building tomorrow ' s economy in a way that is less prone to systemic risks and is more resilient . european long - term investment funds provide finance to various infrastructure projects or companies of lasting duration that issue equity or debt instruments for which there is no readily identifiable buyer . by providing finance to such projects , eltifs contribute to the financing of the union economies .


### the definition of what constitutes a long - term investment is broad . without necessarily requiring long - term holding periods for the eltif manager , eligible investment assets are generally illiquid , require commitments for a certain period of time , and have an economic profile of a long - term nature . eligible investment assets are non - transferable securities and therefore do not have access to the liquidity of secondary markets . they often require fixed term commitments which restrict their marketability . the economic cycle of the investment sought by eltifs is essentially of a long - term nature due to the high capital commitments and the length of time required to produce returns . as a result such assets do not suit investments with redemption rights . ### the definition of what constitutes a long - term investment is broad . without necessarily requiring long - term holding periods for the eltif manager , eligible investment assets are generally illiquid , require commitments for a certain period of time , and have an economic profile of a long - term nature . however , as listed shares are long term investment products , it can make sense to include also listed undertakings in the eligible investment assets of the eltif as they both need to maintain a stable shareholding structure . consequently , eligible investment assets may be transferable securities and therefore may have access to the liquidity of secondary markets . the economic cycle of the investment sought by eltifs is essentially of a long - term nature due to the high capital commitments and the length of time required to produce returns . as a result such assets do not suit investments with redemption rights .


### the definition of what constitutes a long - term investment is broad . without necessarily requiring long - term holding periods for the eltif manager , eligible investment assets are generally illiquid , require commitments for a certain period of time , and have an economic profile of a long - term nature . eligible investment assets are non - transferable securities and therefore do not have access to the liquidity of secondary markets . they often require fixed term commitments which restrict their marketability . the economic cycle of the investment sought by eltifs is essentially of a long - term nature due to the high capital commitments and the length of time required to produce returns . as a result such assets do not suit investments with redemption rights . ### the definition of what constitutes a long - term investment is broad . without necessarily requiring long - term holding periods for the eltif manager , eligible investment assets are generally illiquid , require commitments for a certain period of time , and have an economic profile of a long - term nature . eligible investment assets are non - transferable securities and therefore do not have access to the liquidity of secondary markets . they often require fixed term commitments which restrict their marketability . the economic cycle of the investment sought by eltifs is essentially of a long - term nature due to the high capital commitments and the length of time required to produce returns . as a result such assets do not suit investments with redemption rights . if it emerges that the duration of the eltif is no longer adapted to asset life cycles or the profitability of the projects concerned by it , the eltif manager should have the option of increasing or reducing its life cycle .


### the definition of what constitutes a long - term investment is broad . without necessarily requiring long - term holding periods for the eltif manager , eligible investment assets are generally illiquid , require commitments for a certain period of time , and have an economic profile of a long - term nature . eligible investment assets are non - transferable securities and therefore do not have access to the liquidity of secondary markets . they often require fixed term commitments which restrict their marketability . the economic cycle of the investment sought by eltifs is essentially of a long - term nature due to the high capital commitments and the length of time required to produce returns . as a result such assets do not suit investments with redemption rights . ### the definition of what constitutes a long - term investment is broad . without necessarily requiring long - term holding periods for the eltif manager , eligible investment assets are generally illiquid , require commitments for a certain period of time , and have an economic profile of a long - term nature . eligible investment assets are non - transferable securities and therefore do not have access to the liquidity of secondary markets . they often require fixed term commitments which restrict their marketability . the economic cycle of the investment sought by eltifs is essentially of a long - term nature due to the high capital commitments and the length of time required to produce returns .


### long - term finance is a crucial enabling tool for putting the european economy on a path of sustainable , smart and inclusive growth and for building tomorrow ' s economy in a way that is less prone to systemic risks and is more resilient . european long - term investment funds provide finance to various infrastructure projects or unlisted companies of lasting duration that issue equity or debt instruments for which there is no readily identifiable buyer . by providing finance to such projects , eltifs contribute to the financing of the union economies . ### long - term finance is a crucial enabling tool for putting the european economy on a path of sustainable , smart and inclusive growth in line with the europe 2020 strategy and for building tomorrow ' s economy in a way that is less prone to systemic risks and is more resilient . european long - term investment funds provide finance to various infrastructure projects or unlisted companies of lasting duration that issue equity or debt instruments for which there is no readily identifiable buyer . by providing finance to such projects , eltifs contribute to the financing of the union ' s real economy and the implementation of its policies .


### notwithstanding the fact that eltifs do not offer redemption rights before the end of life of the eltif , nothing should prevent an eltif from seeking admission of these shares or units to a regulated market as defined in article 4 of directive 2004 / 39 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 21 april 2004 on markets in financial instruments , 10 to a multilateral trading facility as defined in article 4 of directive 2004 / 39 / ec , or to an organised trading facility as defined in point of regulation , thus providing investors with an opportunity to sell their units or shares before the end of life of the eltif . the rules or instruments of incorporation of an eltif should therefore not prevent units or shares from being admitted to or from being dealt in regulated markets , nor should they prevent investors from freely transferring their shares or units to third parties who wish to purchase those shares or units . __________________ 10 oj l 145 , 30 . 4 . 2004 , p . 1 . ### notwithstanding the fact that eltifs do not offer redemption rights before the end of life of the eltif , nothing should prevent an eltif from seeking admission of these shares or units to a regulated market as defined in article 4 of directive 2004 / 39 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 21 april 2004 on markets in financial instruments , 10 to a multilateral trading facility as defined in article 4 of directive 2004 / 39 / ec , or to an organised trading facility as defined in point of regulation , thus providing investors with an opportunity to sell their units or shares before the end of life of the eltif . the rules or instruments of incorporation of an eltif should therefore not prevent units or shares from being admitted to or from being dealt in regulated markets , nor should they prevent investors from freely transferring their shares or units to third parties who wish to purchase those shares or units . however , eltif activities on these markets should be regulated and should , for example , be excluded from the composition of derivatives . __________________ 10 oj l 145 , 30 . 4 . 2004 , p . 1 .


### support activities consisting in measures to promote the use of operational services by users and downstream applications , as well as communication and dissemination activities . ### support activities consisting in measures to promote the use of operational services by users and downstream applications , as well as communication and dissemination activities , and incentives for the development of modern applications and raising awareness of copernicus ' potential to help address societal and global challenges .


### the commission may be assisted by representatives of end users , independent experts , in particular on security issues , and by representatives of the relevant national agencies , in particular national space agencies , to provide it with the necessary technical and scientific expertise and user feedback . ### the commission may be assisted by representatives of end users , independent experts , in particular on security issues , and by representatives of the relevant national agencies , in particular national / regional space agencies or their associations , to provide it with the necessary technical and scientific expertise and user feedback .


### the agency has established itself as the authoritative provider of maritime traffic data at eu level which are of interest and relevance in other eu activities . through its activities , in particular regarding port state control , the monitoring of maritime traffic and shipping routes as well as assistance for tracking possible polluters , the agency should contribute to reinforce synergies at eu level regarding certain coastguard operations . in addition , the agency ' s data monitoring and collection should also gather basic information on potential threats to maritime transport and the marine environment from offshore oil and gas exploration and production . ### the agency has established itself as the authoritative provider of maritime traffic data at eu level which are of interest and relevance in other eu activities . through its activities , in particular regarding port state control , the monitoring of maritime traffic and shipping routes as well as assistance for tracking possible polluters , the agency should contribute to reinforce synergies at eu level regarding operations designed to prevent and combat marine pollution , encouraging the exchange of information and best practice among the various coastguard services . in addition , the agency ' s data monitoring and collection should also gather basic information on potential threats to maritime transport and the marine environment from offshore oil and gas exploration and production .


### in order to ensure that the objectives set out in article 1 are met in the appropriate manner , the agency shall perform the tasks listed in paragraph 2 of this article in the fields of maritime safety and maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### in order to ensure that the objectives set out in article 1 are met in the appropriate manner , the agency shall perform the tasks listed in paragraph 2 of this article in the fields of maritime safety and maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and oil and gas platforms , and response to marine pollution .


### in the provision of technical assistance necessary to take part in the work of the technical bodies of imo , ilo , the paris memorandum of understanding on port state control and other relevant international or regional organisations ; ### in the provision of the relevant technical expertise , tools and information necessary for the member states and the commission to take part in the preparation of the work of the technical bodies of imo , ilo , and other relevant international or regional organisations ;


### the improved mutual knowledge of existing and new intergovernmental agreements should allow for a better co - ordination in energy matters between the member states themselves and between the member states and the commission . such improved coordination should enable member states to fully benefit from the political and economic weight of the union . ### the improved mutual knowledge of existing and new intergovernmental agreements should allow for a better co - ordination in energy matters between the member states themselves and between the member states and the commission . such improved coordination should enable member states to fully benefit from the political and economic weight of the union ; allow the european commission and member states to fully coordinate their efforts with respect to importing more renewable electricity into the eu ; and strengthen the union ' s own strategic role and foreign policy capabilities .


### a permanent exchange of information on intergovernmental agreements at union level should allow to develop best practices . on the basis of those best practices the commission should recommend standard clauses for the use in intergovernmental agreements between member states and third countries . the use of these non - binding standard clauses should exclude conflicts of intergovernmental agreements with union law . ### a permanent exchange of information on intergovernmental agreements at union level should allow to develop best practices . on the basis of those best practices the commission , in cooperation with the eeas as regards eu external policies , should recommend standard clauses for the use in intergovernmental agreements between member states and third countries . the use of these non - binding standard clauses should exclude conflicts of intergovernmental agreements with union law or with international agreements of the union . the commission should also suggest non - binding standard clauses in reference to eu policies such as the respect of human rights , democracy , good governance , the rule of law and social dialogues including corporate social responsibility , climate change , the protection of the environment , energy efficiency , and renewable energies .


### detailed information on assistance provided by both the public and private sectors , as appropriate , to developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change in adapting to those climate change effects ; ### detailed information on assistance provided by both the public and private sectors , as appropriate , to developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change in adapting to those climate change effects , specifying recipient country , sector and type of activity ;


### detailed information on assistance provided by both the public and private sectors , as appropriate , to developing countries to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions ; ### detailed information on assistance provided by both the public and private sectors , as appropriate , to developing countries to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions , specifying recipient country , sector and type of activity ;


### the climate and energy package adopted in 2009 , in particular decision no 406 / 2009 / ec of 23 april 2009 on the efforts of member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the community ' s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 and directive 2009 / 29 / ec of 23 april 2009 amending directive 2003 / 87 / ec to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the community , marks another firm commitment by the union and the member states to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions . the union ' s system for monitoring and reporting emissions also should be updated in the light of new requirements under that legislation . ### the climate and energy package adopted in 2009 , in particular decision no 406 / 2009 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the efforts of member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the community ' s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 , directive 2009 / 29 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 amending directive 2003 / 87 / ec so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the community , and directive 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources1 , marks another firm commitment by the union and the member states to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions . the union ' s system for monitoring and reporting emissions also should be updated in the light of new requirements under that legislation . _____________ 1 oj l 140 , 5 . 6 . 2009 , p . 16 .


### experience from the application of the various support schemes for farmers has shown that support was in a number of cases granted to beneficiaries whose business purpose was not or only marginally targeted at an agricultural activity , such as airports , railway companies , real estate companies and companies managing sport grounds . to ensure the better targeting of support , member states should refrain from granting direct payments to such natural and legal persons . smaller part - time farmers contribute directly to the vitality of rural areas , for that reason they should not be prevented from being granted direct payments . ### experience from the application of the various support schemes for farmers has shown that support was in a number of cases granted to beneficiaries whose business purpose was not or only marginally targeted at an agricultural activity , such as airports , railway companies , real estate companies and companies managing sport grounds . to ensure the better targeting of support , member states should refrain from granting direct payments to such natural and legal persons . smaller part - time farmers contribute directly to the vitality of rural areas , for that reason the granting of direct payments to them should be guaranteed .


### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation and to avoid unfair competition or discrimination between farmers , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in respect of : the fixation of the annual national ceiling for the basic payment scheme ; the adoption of rules on applications for allocation of payment entitlements ; the adoption of measures regarding the reversion of non - activated payment entitlements to the national reserve ; the adoption of requirements related to the notification of transfer of payment entitlements to the national authorities and the deadlines within which such notification are to take place ; the setting out of the annual ceiling for the payment for agricultural practises beneficial for the climate and the environment ; the setting out of the annual ceiling for the payment for areas with natural constraints ; the setting out of the annual ceiling for the payment for young farmers ; the setting out of the annual ceilings for the voluntary coupled support ; the adoption of rules on the procedure for the assessment and approval of decisions in the framework of the voluntary coupled support ; the adoption of rules on the procedure of the authorisation and the notifications to the producers related to the authorisation of land and varieties for the purposes of the crop specific payment for cotton ; the provision for rules on the calculation of the reduction of the amount of the crop specific payment for cotton ; the adoption of rules concerning general notification requirements . those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 16 february 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by member states of the commission ' s exercise of implementing powers . ### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation and to avoid unfair competition or discrimination between farmers , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in respect of : the fixation of the annual national ceiling for the basic payment scheme ; the adoption of rules on applications for allocation of payment entitlements ; the adoption of measures regarding the reversion of non - activated payment entitlements to the national reserve ; the adoption of requirements related to the notification of transfer of payment entitlements to the national authorities and the deadlines within which such notification are to take place ; the setting out of the annual ceiling for the payment for implementation of sustainable and beneficial agricultural practices that curb and mitigate climate change and protect the environment ; the setting out of the annual ceiling for the payment for areas with natural constraints ; the setting out of the annual ceiling for the payment for the setting up of young farmers ; the setting out of the annual ceilings for the voluntary coupled support ; the adoption of rules on the procedure for the assessment and approval of decisions in the framework of the voluntary coupled support ; the adoption of rules on the procedure of the authorisation and the notifications to the producers related to the authorisation of land and varieties for the purposes of the crop specific payment for cotton ; the provision for rules on the calculation of the reduction of the amount of the crop specific payment for cotton ; the adoption of rules concerning general notification requirements . those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 16 february 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by member states of the commission ' s exercise of implementing powers .


### whilst the directive already provides for detailed obligations for member states to exchange information , such obligations should be reinforced . member states should not only react to request for information but also alert other member states in a proactive manner . such alert system should be similar to that of directive 2006 / 123 / ec . a specific alert mechanism is however necessary for health professionals benefiting from automatic recognition under directive 2005 / 36 / ec . this should also apply to veterinary surgeons unless the member states have already triggered the alert mechanism provided for in directive 2006 / 123 / ec . all member states should be alerted if a professional due to a disciplinary action or criminal conviction is no longer entitled to move to another member state . this alert should be activated through the imi regardless of whether the professional has exercised any of the rights under directive 2005 / 36 / ec or of whether he has applied for recognition of his professional qualifications through the issuance of a european professional card or through any other method provided for by that directive . the alert procedure should comply with union law on the protection of personal data and other fundamental rights . ### whilst the directive already provides for detailed obligations for member states to exchange information , such obligations should be reinforced . member states should not only react to request for information but also alert other member states in a proactive manner . such alert system should be similar to that of directive 2006 / 123 / ec . a specific alert mechanism is however necessary for health professionals regulated under directive 2005 / 36 / ec . this should also apply to veterinary surgeons unless the member states have already triggered the alert mechanism provided for in directive 2006 / 123 / ec . all member states should be alerted if a professional , due to a disciplinary action or criminal conviction related to the exercise of his or her profession , is no longer entitled to move to another member state , or if a professional is temporarily or permanently removed from the right to practice in their home or host member state . this alert should be activated through the imi regardless of whether the professional has exercised any of the rights under directive 2005 / 36 / ec or of whether he has applied for recognition of his professional qualifications through the issuance of a european professional card or through any other method provided for by that directive . the alert procedure should comply with union law on the protection of personal data and other fundamental rights .


### in case of professions with patient safety implications , member states may confer to the competent authorities the right to carry out language checking covering all professionals concerned if it is expressly requested by the national health care system , or in case of self - employed professionals not affiliated to the nationals health care system , by representative national patient organisations . ### in case of professions with public health and patient safety implications , member states may confer to the competent authorities the right to carry out language checking covering all professionals concerned if it is expressly requested by the national health care system , or in case of self - employed professionals not affiliated to the nationals health care system , by representative national patient organisations .


### partial access may be rejected if such rejection is justified by an overriding reason of general interest , such as public health , it would secure the attainment of the objective pursued and it would not go beyond what is strictly necessary . ### partial access shall not be granted for professions providing health services or otherwise related to public health .


### the knowledge , skills and competences for such common training framework shall refer to levels of the european qualifications framework , as defined in annex ii of the recommendation of the european parliament and of the council on the establishment of the european qualifications framework for lifelong learning ; ### the knowledge , skills and competences for such common training framework shall refer to the levels of article 11 of this directive ; article 11 shall not be applicable to the professions regulated under annex v point 1 .


### directive 2005 / 36 / ec only applies to professionals who want to pursue the same profession in another member state . there are cases where the activities concerned are part of a profession with a larger scope of activities in the host member state . if the differences between the fields of activity are so large that in reality a full programme of education and training is required from the professional to compensate for shortcomings and if the professional so requests , a host member state should under these particular circumstances grant partial access . however , in case of overriding reasons of general interest , such as in the case of a doctor of medicine or other health professionals , a member state should be able to refuse partial access . ### directive 2005 / 36 / ec only applies to professionals who want to pursue the same profession in another member state . there are cases where the activities concerned are part of a profession with a larger scope of activities in the host member state . if the differences between the fields of activity are so large that in reality a full programme of education and training is required from the professional to compensate for shortcomings and if the professional so requests , a host member state should under these particular circumstances grant partial access . however , in case of overriding reasons of general interest , a member state should be able to refuse partial access . partial access should not be granted for professions providing health services or otherwise related to public health .


### with a view to grant access to a regulated profession , the home member state shall recognise the remunerated traineeship pursued in another member state and certified by a competent authority of that member state . ### with a view to grant access to a regulated profession , the home member state shall recognise the traineeship pursued in another member state and certified by a competent authority of that member state .


### a member state shall ensure that any controls of the knowledge of a language are carried out by a competent authority after the decisions referred to in articles 4d , 7 and 51 have been taken and if there is a serious and concrete doubt about the professional ' s sufficient language knowledge in respect of the professional activities this person intends to pursue . ### a member state shall ensure that any controls of the knowledge of a language are carried out by a competent authority before the decisions referred to in articles 4d , 7 and 51 have been taken and if there is a serious and concrete doubt about the professional ' s sufficient language knowledge in respect of the professional activities this person intends to pursue .


### ‘ remunerated traineeship’ : the pursuit of supervised and remunerated activities , with a view to access to a regulated profession granted on the basis of an examination ; ### ‘ traineeship’ : the pursuit of supervised activities , with a view to access to a regulated profession granted on the basis of an examination ;


### the commission shall be assisted by a committee on the recognition of professional qualifications . that committee shall be a committee within the meaning of regulation no 182 / 2011 . ### the commission shall be assisted by a committee on the recognition of professional qualifications , ensuring appropriate representation and consultation at both european and national expert level . that committee shall be a committee within the meaning of regulation no 182 / 2011 .


### the competent authority of the home member state shall verify the application , create and validate a european professional card within two weeks from the date it receives a complete application . it shall inform the applicant and the member state in which the applicant envisages to provide services , of the validation of the european professional card . the transmission of the validation information to the host member states concerned shall constitute the declaration provided for in article 7 . the host member state may not require a further declaration under article 7 for the following two years . ### in sectors others than health and social care , the competent authority of the home member state shall verify the application , create and validate a european professional card within two weeks from the date it receives a complete application . the competent authority of the host member state shall ensure the prior check of the complete application of the professional for temporary provision of service whether his or her qualifications are in conjunction with the national requirements of the host country on qualifications to provide the same service . member states shall provide a list to the commission on certain professions where working with the temporary mobility card and under the prior declaration regime must require a prior check of application . the host member state may not require a further declaration under article 7 for the following two years , unless overriding concerns are expressed .


### whilst the directive already provides for detailed obligations for member states to exchange information , such obligations should be reinforced . member states should not only react to request for information but also alert other member states in a proactive manner . such alert system should be similar to that of directive 2006 / 123 / ec . a specific alert mechanism is however necessary for health professionals benefiting from automatic recognition under directive 2005 / 36 / ec . this should also apply to veterinary surgeons unless the member states have already triggered the alert mechanism provided for in directive 2006 / 123 / ec . all member states should be alerted if a professional due to a disciplinary action or criminal conviction is no longer entitled to move to another member state . this alert should be activated through the imi regardless of whether the professional has exercised any of the rights under directive 2005 / 36 / ec or of whether he has applied for recognition of his professional qualifications through the issuance of a european professional card or through any other method provided for by that directive . the alert procedure should comply with union law on the protection of personal data and other fundamental rights . ### whilst the directive already provides for detailed obligations for member states to exchange information , such obligations should be reinforced . member states should not only react to request for information but also alert other member states in a proactive manner . such alert system should be similar to that of directive 2006 / 123 / ec . a specific alert mechanism is however necessary for health professionals regulated under directive 2005 / 36 / ec . this should also apply to veterinary surgeons unless the member states have already triggered the alert mechanism provided for in directive 2006 / 123 / ec . all member states should be alerted if a professional is temporarily or permanently removed from the right to practice or if any restrictions to practice or conditions on the right to practice have been imposed in their home or host member state . this alert should be activated through the imi regardless of whether the professional has exercised any of the rights under directive 2005 / 36 / ec or of whether he has applied for recognition of his professional qualifications through the issuance of a european professional card or through any other method provided for by that directive . the alert procedure should comply with union law on the protection of personal data and other fundamental rights .


### the knowledge , skills and competences for such common training framework shall refer to levels of the european qualifications framework , as defined in annex ii of the recommendation of the european parliament and of the council on the establishment of the european qualifications framework for lifelong learning ; ### the knowledge , skills and competences for such common training framework shall refer to the levels of the article 11 of this directive .


### this directive also establishes rules concerning partial access to a regulated profession and access to and recognition of remunerated traineeships pursued in another member state . ### this directive also establishes rules concerning partial access to a regulated profession and access to and recognition of traineeships pursued in another member state .


### graduates wishing to pursue a remunerated traineeship in another member state where such traineeship is possible should be covered by directive 2005 / 36 / ec in order to foster their mobility . it is also necessary to provide for the recognition of their traineeship by the home member state . ### graduates wishing to pursue a traineeship in another member state where such traineeship is possible should be covered by directive 2005 / 36 / ec in order to foster their mobility . it is also necessary to provide for the recognition of their traineeship by the home member state .


### in order to supplement or amend certain non - essential elements of directive 2005 / 36 / ec , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of updating of annex i , setting the criteria for the calculation of fees related to the european professional card , establishing the details of the documentation necessary for the european professional card , the adaptations of the list of activities set out in annex iv , the adaptations of points 5 . 1 . 1 to 5 . 1 . 4 , 5 . 2 . 2 , 5 . 3 . 2 , 5 . 3 . 3 , 5 . 4 . 2 , 5 . 5 . 2 , 5 . 6 . 2 and 5 . 7 . 1 of annex v , clarifying the knowledge and skills for medical doctors , nurses responsible for general care , dental practitioners , veterinary surgeons , midwives , pharmacists and architects , adapting the minimum periods of training for specialist medical trainings and specialist dental training , the inclusion in point 5 . 1 . 3 of annex v of new medical specialities , the amendments to the list set out in points 5 . 2 . 1 , 5 . 3 . 1 , 5 . 4 . 1 , 5 . 5 . 1 and 5 . 6 . 1 of annex v , inclusion in point 5 . 3 . 3 of annex v of new dental specialities , specifying the conditions of application of common training frameworks , and specifying the conditions of application of common training tests . it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing - up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council . ### in order to supplement or amend certain non - essential elements of directive 2005 / 36 / ec , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of updating of annex i , setting the criteria for the calculation of fees related to the european professional card , establishing the details of the documentation necessary for the european professional card , the adaptations of the list of activities set out in annex iv , the adaptations of points 5 . 1 . 1 to 5 . 1 . 4 , 5 . 2 . 2 , 5 . 3 . 2 , 5 . 3 . 3 , 5 . 4 . 2 , 5 . 5 . 2 , 5 . 6 . 2 and 5 . 7 . 1 of annex v , clarifying the knowledge and skills for medical doctors , nurses responsible for general care , dental practitioners , veterinary surgeons , midwives , pharmacists and architects , adapting the minimum periods of training for specialist medical trainings and specialist dental training , the inclusion in point 5 . 1 . 3 of annex v of new medical specialities , the amendments to the list set out in points 5 . 2 . 1 , 5 . 3 . 1 , 5 . 4 . 1 , 5 . 5 . 1 and 5 . 6 . 1 of annex v , inclusion in point 5 . 3 . 3 of annex v of new dental specialities , specifying the conditions of application of common training frameworks , and specifying the conditions of application of common training tests . it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate representation and consultation including experts at both european and national level . the commission , when preparing and drawing - up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely , transparent and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council .


### recognition of remunerated traineeship ### recognition of traineeship


### the provisions of this regulation apply without prejudice to national legislation implementing directive 95 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 24 october 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data19 . for example , personal data collected for the purpose of complying with this regulation should not be further processed in a way inconsistent e with directive 95 / 46 / ec . in particular , further processing for commercial purposes should be strictly prohibited . the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing is recognised as an important public interest ground by all member states . hence , in the application of this regulation , the transfer of personal data to a third country which does not ensure an adequate level of protection in the meaning of article 25 of directive 95 / 46 / ec should be permitted according to article 26 of the same directive . __________________ 19 oj l 281 , 23 . 11 . 1995 , p . 31 . ### the provisions of this regulation apply without prejudice to national legislation implementing directive 95 / 46 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 24 october 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data19 and regulation no 45 / 2001 of the european parliament and of the council of 18 december 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data . for example , personal data collected for the purpose of complying with this regulation should not be further processed in a way inconsistent with directive 95 / 46 / ec . in particular , further processing for commercial purposes should be strictly prohibited . __________________ 19 oj l 281 , 23 . 11 . 1995 , p . 31 .