### 1 . 1 . a notified body shall be capable of carrying out all the tasks assigned to it by this regulation with the highest degree of professional integrity and the requisite technical competence in the specific field , whether those tasks are carried out by the notified body itself or on its behalf and under its responsibility . ### 1 . 1 . a notified body and its subcontractors shall be capable of carrying out all the tasks assigned to it by this regulation with the highest degree of professional integrity and the requisite technical competence in the specific field , whether those tasks are carried out by the notified body itself or on its behalf and under its responsibility .


### 2 . 5 . the personnel responsible for carrying out product related review shall have the following proven qualification : ### 2 . 5 . product specialist : the personnel responsible for carrying out product related reviews design dossier review or type examination of class iii devices especially aspects such as clinical evaluation , biological safety , sterilisation , software validation shall have the following proven qualification :


### 2 . 6 . the personnel responsible for carrying out audits of the manufacturer ' s quality management system shall have the following proven qualification : ### 2 . 6 . auditor : the personnel responsible for carrying out audits of the manufacturer ' s quality assurance system shall have the following proven qualification :


### 4 . 3 . where subcontractors or external experts are used in the context of the conformity assessment , in particular regarding novel , invasive and implantable medical devices or technologies , the notified body shall have adequate own competence in each product area for which it is designated to lead the conformity assessment , to verify the appropriateness and validity of expert opinions and make the decision on the certification . ### 4 . 3 . where subcontractors or external experts are used in the context of the conformity assessment , in particular regarding novel , invasive and implantable medical devices or technologies , the notified body shall have adequate own competence in each product area , each treatment or medical speciality for which it is designated to lead the conformity assessment , to verify the appropriateness and validity of expert opinions and make the decision on the certification .


### – are intended to be used in direct contact with the heart , the central circulatory system or the central nervous system , in which case they are in class iii , ### – are intended to be used in direct contact with the heart , the central circulatory system or the central nervous system , in which case they are in class iii , with the exception of sutures and staples .


### all devices incorporating or consisting of nanomaterial are in class iii unless the nanomaterial is encapsulated or bound in such a manner that it cannot be released into the patient’s or user ' s body when the device is used within its intended purpose . ### all devices incorporating or consisting of nanomaterial deliberately intended to be released into the body are in class iii .


### all devices incorporating or consisting of nanomaterial are in class iii unless the nanomaterial is encapsulated or bound in such a manner that it cannot be released into the patient ' s or user ' s body when the device is used within its intended purpose . ### all devices incorporating or consisting of nanomaterial intended to be intentionally released in the human body are classified as class iii .


### 2 . application of the quality management system shall ensure that the devices conform to the provisions of this regulation which apply to them at every stage , from design to final inspection . all the elements , requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer for his quality management system shall be documented in a systematic and orderly manner in the form of written policies and procedures such as quality programmes , quality plans , quality manuals and quality records . ### 2 . application of the quality management system shall ensure that the devices conform to the provisions of this regulation which apply to them at every stage , from design to final inspection and delivery . all the elements , requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer for his quality management system shall be documented in a systematic and orderly manner in the form of written policies and procedures such as quality programmes , quality plans , quality manuals and quality records .


### 4 . the notified body shall randomly perform unannounced factory inspections to the manufacturer and , if appropriate , of the manufacturer ' s suppliers and / or subcontractors , which may be combined with the periodic surveillance assessment referred to in section 4 . 3 . or be performed in addition to this surveillance assessment . the notified body shall establish a plan for the unannounced inspections which must not be disclosed to the manufacturer . ### 4 . the notified body shall randomly perform - at least once in 5 years and for each manufacturer and generic device group - unannounced inspections at the relevant manufacturing sites and , if appropriate , at the manufacturer ' s suppliers and / or subcontractors . the notified body shall establish a plan for the unannounced inspections which must not be disclosed to the manufacturer . at the time of such unannounced inspections , the notified body shall carry out or ask for tests in order to check that the quality assurance system is working properly . it shall provide the manufacturer with an inspection report .


### 4 . the notified body shall randomly perform unannounced factory inspections to the manufacturer and , if appropriate , of the manufacturer ' s suppliers and / or subcontractors , which may be combined with the periodic surveillance assessment referred to in section 4 . 3 . or be performed in addition to this surveillance assessment . the notified body shall establish a plan for the unannounced inspections which must not be disclosed to the manufacturer . ### 4 . the notified body shall randomly perform unannounced inspections of the relevant production plants and , if appropriate , of the manufacturer ' s suppliers and / or subcontractors , at least every 5 years and for each manufacturer and each specific product group . the notified body shall establish a plan for the unannounced inspections which must not be disclosed to the manufacturer . in these unannounced inspections , the notified body shall check whether the quality management system is working properly or shall arrange for such checks to be performed . the notified body shall provide the manufacturer with an inspection report .


### the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall , for a period ending at least five years , and in the case of implantable devices at least 15 years , after the last device has been placed on the market , keep at the disposal of the competent authorities : ### the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall , for a period at least equivalent to the lifetime of the medical device as defined by the manufacturer , but not less than 10 years from the date of product release by the manufacturer , keep at the disposal of the competent authorities :


### 5 . by way of derogation from section 6 , the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall , for a period ending at least five years after the last device has been placed on the market , keep at the disposal of the competent authorities : ### 5 . by way of derogation from section 6 , the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall , for a period at least equivalent to the lifetime of the medical device as defined by the manufacturer , but not less than 10 years from the date of product release by the manufacturer , keep at the disposal of the competent authorities :


### 4 . by way of derogation from section 7 , the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall , for a period ending at least five years after the last device has been placed on the market , keep at the disposal of the competent authorities : ### 4 . by way of derogation from section 7 , the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall , for a period at least equivalent to the lifetime of the medical device as defined by the manufacturer , but not less than 10 years from the date of product release by the manufacturer , keep at the disposal of the competent authorities :


### the notified body shall carry out the appropriate examinations and tests in order to verify the conformity of the device with the requirements of the regulation by examining and testing every product as specified in section 5 . ### the notified body shall carry out the appropriate examinations and tests in order to assess the conformity of the device with the requirements of the regulation by examining and testing every product as specified in section 5 or by examination and testing of the products on a statistical basis as specified in section 6 .


### in the case of implantable devices and devices falling within class iii , clinical investigations shall be performed unless it is duly justified to rely on existing clinical data alone . demonstration of equivalence in accordance with section 4 shall generally not be considered as sufficient justification within the meaning of the first sentence of this paragraph . ### in the case of implantable devices , clinical investigations shall be performed unless it is duly justified to rely on existing clinical data alone . demonstration of equivalence in accordance with section 4 shall generally not be considered as sufficient justification within the meaning of the first sentence of this paragraph .


### if in special circumstances , it is decided to initiate an investigation without having received a written complaint by or on behalf of the community industry for the initiation of such investigation , this shall be done on the basis of sufficient evidence of dumping , injury and a causal link , as described in paragraph 2 , to justify such initiation . ### in article 5 , paragraph 6 is replaced by the following : 6 . if , in special circumstances , in particular in cases in which the industry sectors concerned consist largely of smes and are typically extremely diverse and fragmented , it is decided to initiate an investigation without having received a written complaint by or on behalf of the community industry for the initiation of such investigation , this shall be done on the basis of sufficient evidence of dumping , injury and a causal link , as described in paragraph 2 , to justify such initiation .


### if , in special circumstances , the commission decides to initiate an investigation without having received a written complaint by or on behalf of the community industry for the initiation of such investigation , this shall be done on the basis of sufficient evidence of the existence of countervailable subsidies , injury and causal link , as described in paragraph 2 , to justify such initiation . ### in article 10 , paragraph 8 is replaced by the following : ‘ 8 . if , in special circumstances , in particular in cases in which the industry sectors concerned are typically extremely diverse and fragmented and consist largely of smes , the authorities decide to initiate an investigation without having received a written complaint by or on behalf of the community industry for the initiation of such investigation , this shall be done on the basis of sufficient evidence of the existence of dumping , injury and causal link , as described in paragraph 2 , to justify such initiation’ .


### for proceedings initiated pursuant to article 5 , an investigation shall , whenever possible , be concluded within one year . in any event , such investigations shall in all cases be concluded within 15 months of initiation , in accordance with the findings made pursuant to article 8 for undertakings or the findings made pursuant to article 9 for definitive action . ### in article 6 , paragraph 9 is replaced by the following : 9 . for proceedings initiated pursuant to article 5 , an investigation shall , whenever possible , be concluded within nine months . in any event , such investigations shall in all cases be concluded within 12 months of initiation , in accordance with the findings made pursuant to article 8 for undertakings or the findings made pursuant to article 9 for definitive action .


### for proceedings initiated pursuant to article 10 , an investigation shall , whenever possible , be concluded within one year . in any event , such investigations shall in all cases be concluded within 13 months of their initiation , in accordance with the findings made pursuant to article 13 for undertakings or the findings made pursuant to article 15 for definitive action . ### in article 11 , paragraph 9 is replaced by the following : ‘ 9 . for proceedings initiated pursuant to article 10 , an investigation shall , whenever possible , be concluded within nine months . in any event , such investigations shall in all cases be concluded within 10 months of their initiation , in accordance with the findings made pursuant to article 13 for undertakings or the findings made pursuant to article 15 for definitive action . ’


### the amount of the provisional anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping as provisionally established . unless structural raw material distortions were found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country , it should be less than the margin of dumping if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the union industry . ### the amount of the provisional anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping as provisionally established .


### the amount of the provisional anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping as provisionally established . unless structural raw material distortions were found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country , it should be less than the margin of dumping if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the union industry . ### the amount of the provisional anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping as provisionally established , but it should be less than the margin if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the community industry . 2b ) such a lesser duty shall not apply in any of the following circumstances : - structural distortions or significant state interferences regarding , inter alia , prices , costs and inputs , including for instance raw materials and energy , research and labour , outputs , sales and investments , currency exchange rate and fair trade finance conditions , were found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country ; - the exporting country does not have a sufficient level of social and environmental standards , where sufficient levels are determined on the basis of the ratification and effective implementation by the third country of multilateral environmental agreements , and protocols thereunder , the eu is party to at any point in time and of ilo conventions listed in annex i ; - the complainant represents a diverse and fragmented industry , largely composed of small - and - medium - sized enterprises ; - the investigation or a separate anti - subsidy investigation has established at least provisionally that the exporting country provides one or more subsidies to exporting producers of the product concerned . 2 c ) however , such a lesser duty shall always be granted when structural raw materials distortions are found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country and such country is a least - developed country listed in annex iv to regulation no 978 / 2012 of the european parliament and of the council .


### the amount of the anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping established . unless structural raw material distortions were found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country , it shall be less than the margin of dumping if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the union industry . ### the amount of the anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping established .


### the amount of the anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping established . unless structural raw material distortions were found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country , it shall be less than the margin of dumping if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the union industry . ### the amount of the anti - dumping duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping established but it should be less than the margin if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the community industry . 2 b ) such a lesser duty shall not apply in any of the following circumstances : - structural distortions or significant state interferences regarding , inter alia , prices , costs and inputs , including for instance raw materials and energy , research and labour , outputs , sales and investments , currency exchange rate and fair trade finance conditions , were found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country ; - the exporting country does not have a sufficient level of social and environmental standards , where sufficient levels are determined on the basis of the ratification and effective implementation by the third country of multilateral environmental agreements , and protocols thereunder , the eu is party to at any point in time and of ilo conventions listed in annex i ; - the complainant represents a diverse and fragmented industry , largely composed of small - and - medium - sized enterprises ; - the investigation or a separate anti - subsidy investigation has established that the exporting country provides one or more subsidies to exporting producers of the product concerned . 2 c ) however , such a lesser duty shall always be granted when structural raw materials distortions are found to exist with regard to the product concerned in the exporting country and such country is a least - developed country listed in annex iv to regulation no 978 / 2012 of the european parliament and of the council .


### a definitive anti - dumping measure shall expire five years from its imposition or five years from the date of the conclusion of the most recent review which has covered both dumping and injury , unless it is determined in a review that the expiry would be likely to lead to a continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury . such an expiry review shall be initiated on the initiative of the commission , or upon request made by or on behalf of community producers , and the measure shall remain in force pending the outcome of such review . an expiry review shall be initiated where the request contains sufficient evidence that the expiry of the measures would be likely to result in a continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury . such likelihood may , for example , be indicated by evidence of continued dumping and injury or evidence that the removal of injury is partly or solely due to the existence of measures or evidence that the circumstances of the exporters , or market conditions , are such that they would indicate the likelihood of further injurious dumping . in carrying out investigations under this paragraph , the exporters , importers , the representatives of the exporting country and the community producers shall be provided with the opportunity to amplify , rebut or comment on the matters set out in the review request , and conclusions shall be reached with due account taken of all relevant and duly documented evidence presented in relation to the question as to whether the expiry of measures would be likely , or unlikely , to lead to the continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury . a notice of impending expiry shall be published in the official journal of the european union at an appropriate time in the final year of the period of application of the measures as defined in this paragraph . thereafter , the community producers shall , no later than three months before the end of the five - year period , be entitled to lodge a review request in accordance with the second subparagraph . a notice announcing the actual expiry of measures pursuant to this paragraph shall also be published . ### in article 11 , paragraph 2 is replaced by the following : ‘ 2 . a definitive anti - dumping measure shall expire five years from its imposition or five years from the date of the conclusion of the most recent review which has covered both dumping and injury , unless it is determined in a review that the expiry would be likely to lead to a continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury . such an expiry review shall be initiated on the initiative of the commission , or upon request made by or on behalf of community producers , and the measure shall remain in force pending the outcome of such review . an expiry review shall be initiated where the request contains sufficient evidence that the expiry of the measures would be likely to result in a continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury . such likelihood may , for example , be indicated by evidence of continued dumping and injury or evidence that the removal of injury is partly or solely due to the existence of measures or evidence that the circumstances of the exporters , or market conditions , are such that they would indicate the likelihood of further injurious dumping . such likelihood may also be indicated by continuing interference by other countries . in carrying out investigations under this paragraph , the exporters , importers , the representatives of the exporting country and the community producers shall be provided with the opportunity to amplify , rebut or comment on the matters set out in the review request , and conclusions shall be reached with due account taken of all relevant and duly documented evidence presented in relation to the question as to whether the expiry of measures would be likely , or unlikely , to lead to the continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury . ’


### special provisions , in particular with regard to the common definition of the concept of origin , as contained in council regulation no 2913 / 92 of 12 october 1992 establishing the community customs code , may be adopted pursuant to this regulation . ### article 14 shall be replaced by the following : 3 . special provisions , in particular with regard to the common definition of the concept of origin , as contained in council regulation no 2913 / 92 of 12 october 1992 establishing the community customs code or in accordance with art . 2 thereof , may be adopted pursuant to this regulation .


### special provisions , in particular with regard to the common definition of the concept of origin , as contained in council regulation no 2913 / 92 of 12 october 1992 establishing the community customs code , may be adopted pursuant to this regulation . ### article 24 shall be replaced by the following : 3 . special provisions , in particular with regard to the common definition of the concept of origin , as contained in council regulation no 2913 / 92 of 12 october 1992 establishing the community customs code or in accordance with art . 2 thereof , may be adopted pursuant to this regulation .


### the commission may , after consultation of the advisory committee , direct the customs authorities to take the appropriate steps to register imports , so that measures may subsequently be applied against those imports from the date of such registration . imports may be made subject to registration following a request from the community industry which contains sufficient evidence to justify such action . registration shall be introduced by regulation which shall specify the purpose of the action and , if appropriate , the estimated amount of possible future liability . imports shall not be made subject to registration for a period longer than nine months . ### article 14 shall be replaced by the following : 5 . the commission may , after consultation of the advisory committee , direct the customs authorities to take the appropriate steps to register imports , so that measures may subsequently be applied against those imports from the date of such registration . imports shall be made subject to registration following a request from the community industry which contains sufficient evidence to justify such action . imports may also be made subject to registration on the commission ' s own initiative . imports shall be made subject to registration from the date of initiation of the investigation where the complaint of the community industry contains a request for registration and sufficient evidence to justify such action . registration shall be introduced by regulation which shall specify the purpose of the action and , if appropriate , the estimated amount of possible future liability . imports shall not be made subject to registration for a period longer than nine months .


### the commission may , after consultation of the advisory committee , direct the customs authorities to take the appropriate steps to register imports , so that measures may subsequently be applied against those imports from the date of such registration . imports may be made subject to registration following a request from the community industry which contains sufficient evidence to justify such action . registration shall be introduced by regulation which shall specify the purpose of the action and , if appropriate , the estimated amount of possible future liability . imports shall not be made subject to registration for a period longer than nine months . ### article 24 shall be replaced by the following : 5 . the commission may , after consultation of the advisory committee , direct the customs authorities to take the appropriate steps to register imports , so that measures may subsequently be applied against those imports from the date of such registration . imports shall be made subject to registration following a request from the community industry which contains sufficient evidence to justify such action . imports may also be made subject to registration on the commission ' s own initiative . imports shall be made subject to registration from the date of initiation of the investigation where the complaint of the community industry contains a request for registration and sufficient evidence to justify such action . registration shall be introduced by regulation which shall specify the purpose of the action and , if appropriate , the estimated amount of possible future liability . imports shall not be made subject to registration for a period longer than nine months .


### member states shall report to the commission every month , on the import trade in products subject to investigation and to measures , and on the amount of duties collected pursuant to this regulation . ### in article 14 , paragraph 6 is replaced by the following : ‘ 6 . member states shall report to the commission every month , on the import trade in products subject to investigation and to measures , and on the amount of duties collected pursuant to this regulation . the commission may , upon receiving a specific reasoned request from an interested party , and after receiving the opinion of the advisory committee , decide to provide them with information concerning the volume and import values of these products . ’


### member states shall report to the commission every month , on the import trade in products subject to investigation and to measures , and on the amount of duties collected pursuant to this regulation . ### article 24 shall be replaced by the following : ‘ 6 . member states shall report to the commission every month , on the import trade in products subject to investigation and to measures , and on the amount of duties collected pursuant to this regulation . the commission may , upon receiving a specific reasoned request from an interested party , and after consulting the advisory committee , take decide to inform the interested parties about the volume and import values of these products . ’


### training activities , such as staff exchanges , workshops , seminars , train - the - trainers events , development of online / other training modules ; ### training activities , such as staff exchanges , workshops , seminars , train - the - trainers events , development of online / other training modules ; these activities should include a gender dimension and an anti - discrimination perspective ;


### the regulation requires the commission to carry out an impact assessment in order to review the test procedures to reflect adequately the real co2 emissions behaviour of cars . this work is proceeding through the development of a world light duty test procedure in the framework of the united nations economic commission for europe but is not yet complete . in view of this , annex i to regulation no 443 / 2009 establishes emission limits for 2020 as measured according to regulation no 715 / 2007 and annex xii to regulation no 692 / 2008 . when the test procedures are amended , the limits set in annex i should be adjusted to ensure comparable stringency for manufacturers and classes of vehicles . ### the regulation requires the commission to carry out an impact assessment in order to review the test procedures to reflect adequately the real co2 emissions behaviour of cars . annex i to regulation no 443 / 2009 establishes emission limits for 2020 as measured according to regulation no 715 / 2007 and annex xii to regulation no 692 / 2008 . when the test procedures are amended , the limits set in annex i should be adjusted to ensure comparable stringency for manufacturers and classes of vehicles . the revised test procedures should be introduced by 1 january 2016 at the latest .


### contracts are an important means of giving end - users a high level of transparency of information and legal certainty . providers of electronic communications to the public should give end - users clear and comprehensible information on all essential elements of the contract before the end - user is bound by the contract . the information should be mandatory and not be altered except by subsequent agreement of the end - user and the provider . the commission and several national regulatory authorities recently found considerable discrepancies between the advertised speed of internet access services and the speed actually available to end - users . providers of electronic communications to the public should therefore inform end - users , prior to the conclusion of the contract , of the speed and other quality of service parameters which they can realistically deliver at the end - user ' s main location . ### contracts are an important means of giving end - users a high level of transparency of information and legal certainty . providers of electronic communications to the public should give end - users clear and comprehensible information on all essential elements of the contract before the end - user is bound by the contract . the information should be mandatory and not be altered except by subsequent agreement of the end - user and the provider . the commission and several national regulatory authorities recently found considerable discrepancies between the advertised speed of internet access services and the speed actually available to end - users . providers of electronic communications to the public should therefore inform end - users , prior to the conclusion of the contract , of the estimated speed and other quality of service parameters at the end - user ' s main location .


### in order to avoid bill shocks , end - users should be able to define maximum financial limits for the charges related to their usage of calls and internet access services . this facility should be available free of charge , with an appropriate notification that can be consulted again subsequently , when the limit is being approached . upon reaching the maximum limit , end - users should no longer receive or be charged for those services unless they specifically request the continued provision as agreed with the provider . ### in order to avoid bill shocks , for all post - paid contracts and pre - paid contracts with automatic top - up concluded following the transposition of the changes to directive 2002 / 22ec end - users should be able to define maximum financial limits for the charges related to their usage of calls and internet access services . this facility should be available free of charge , with an appropriate notification that can be consulted again subsequently , when the limit is being approached . upon reaching the maximum limit , end - users should no longer receive or be charged for those services unless they specifically request the continued provision as agreed with the provider .


### “2 . member states shall ensure that subscribers have a right to withdraw from their contract without penalty upon notice of modification to the contractual conditions proposed by the undertakings providing electronic communications networks and / or services . subscribers shall be given adequate notice , not shorter than one month , of any such modification , and shall be informed at the same time of their right to withdraw , without penalty , from their contract if they do not accept the new conditions . member states shall ensure that national regulatory authorities are able to specify the format of such notifications . ” ### article 20 is replaced by the following : “2 . consumers , and other end - users so requesting , shall have the right to terminate a contract with a one - month notice period , where six months or more have elapsed since the contract term has started . no compensation shall be due other than for the residual value of subsidised equipment bundled with the contract at the moment of the contract conclusion and a pro rata temporis reimbursement for any other promotional advantages marked as such at the moment of the contract conclusion . any restriction on the usage of terminal equipment on other networks shall be lifted , free of charge , by the provider at the latest upon payment of such compensation . ”


### ' 1 . member states shall ensure that all end - users of the service referred to in paragraph 2 , including users of public pay telephones , are able to call the emergency services free of charge and without having to use any means of payment , by using the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' and any national emergency call number specified by member states . 2 . member states , in consultation with national regulatory authorities , emergency services and providers , shall ensure that undertakings providing end - users with an electronic communications service for originating national calls to a number or numbers in a national telephone numbering plan provide access to emergency services . 3 . member states shall ensure that calls to the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' are appropriately answered and handled in the manner best suited to the national organisation of emergency systems . such calls shall be answered and handled at least as expeditiously and effectively as calls to the national emergency number or numbers , where these continue to be in use . 4 . member states shall ensure that access for disabled end - users to emergency services is equivalent to that enjoyed by other end - users . measures taken to ensure that disabled end - users are able to access emergency services whilst travelling in other member states shall be based to the greatest extent possible on european standards or specifications published in accordance with the provisions of article 17 of directive 2002 / 21 / ec , and they shall not prevent member states from adopting additional requirements in order to pursue the objectives set out in this article . 5 . member states shall ensure that undertakings concerned make caller location information available free of charge to the authority handling emergency calls as soon as the call reaches that authority . this shall apply to all calls to the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' . member states may extend this obligation to cover calls to national emergency numbers . competent regulatory authorities shall lay down criteria for the accuracy and reliability of the location information provided . 6 . member states shall ensure that citizens are adequately informed about the existence and use of the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' , in particular through initiatives specifically targeting persons travelling between member states . 7 . in order to ensure the effective access to ' 112 ' services in the member states , the commission , having consulted berec , may adopt technical implementing measures . however , these technical implementing measures shall be adopted without prejudice to , and shall have no impact on , the organisation of emergency services , which remains of the exclusive competence of member states . ' ### article 26 is amended as follows : ' 1 . member states shall ensure that all end - users of the service referred to in paragraph 2 , including users of public pay telephones and users of private telecommunications networks , are able to call the emergency services free of charge and without having to use any means of payment , by using the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' and any national emergency call number specified by member states . 2 . member states , in consultation with national regulatory authorities , emergency services and providers , shall ensure that undertakings providing end - users with an electronic communications service for originating national calls to a number or numbers in a national telephone numbering plan provide access to emergency services . end - users shall also be able to access ' 112 ' directly when calling from a private telecommunications network . 3 . member states shall ensure that calls to the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' are appropriately answered and handled in the manner best suited to the national organisation of emergency systems . such calls shall be answered and handled at least as expeditiously and effectively as calls to the national emergency number or numbers , where these continue to be in use . the commission , in consultation with national regulatory authorities and emergency services , shall adopt a recommendation on performance indicators for member states . the commission shall bi - annually publish a report on the effectiveness of the implementation of ' 112 ' and on the functioning of the performance indicators . the first such report shall be provided to the european parliament and the council by the end of 2015 . 4 . member states shall ensure that access for disabled end - users to emergency services is equivalent to that enjoyed by other end - users . measures taken to ensure that disabled end - users are able to access emergency services whilst travelling in other member states shall be based to the greatest extent possible on european standards or specifications published in accordance with the provisions of article 17 of directive 2002 / 21 / ec , and they shall not prevent member states from adopting additional requirements in order to pursue the objectives set out in this article . 5 . member states shall ensure that undertakings concerned make caller location information available free of charge to the authority handling emergency calls as soon as the call reaches that authority . this shall apply to all calls to the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' , including calls from private telecommunications networks and roaming calls . member states may extend this obligation to cover calls to national emergency numbers . the commission may adopt by means of an implementing act criteria for the accuracy and reliability of the location information provided to emergency services by the end of 2015 . 6 . member states and the commission shall ensure that citizens are adequately informed about the existence and use of the single european emergency call number ' 112 ' , in particular through initiatives specifically targeting persons travelling between member states . the commission shall support and complement member states ' action . 7 . in order to ensure the effective access to ' 112 ' services in the member states , the commission , having consulted berec , may adopt technical implementing measures . however , these technical implementing measures shall be adopted without prejudice to , and shall have no impact on , the organisation of emergency services , which remains of the exclusive competence of member states . '


### the maternity leave stipulated in paragraph 1 shall include compulsory leave of at least six weeks after childbirth . the member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers within the meaning of article 2 are entitled to choose freely the time at which the non - compulsory portion of the maternity leave is taken , before or after childbirth . ### the maternity leave stipulated in paragraph 1 shall include compulsory maternity leave of at least six weeks after childbirth . member states may extend the compulsory portion of maternity leave to not more than six weeks before confinement . the member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers within the meaning of article 2 are entitled to choose freely the time at which the non - compulsory portion of the maternity leave is taken , before or after childbirth . the six weeks’ compulsory maternity leave shall apply to all working women regardless of the number of days worked prior to confinement .


### the maternity leave stipulated in paragraph 1 shall include compulsory leave of at least six weeks after childbirth . the member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers within the meaning of article 2 are entitled to choose freely the time at which the non - compulsory portion of the maternity leave is taken , before or after childbirth . ### the maternity leave stipulated in paragraph 1 shall include compulsory fully paid maternity leave of at least six weeks after childbirth , without prejudice to existing national laws which provide for a period of compulsory maternity leave before childbirth . the member states shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers within the meaning of article 2 are entitled to choose freely the time at which the non - compulsory portion of the maternity leave is taken , before or after childbirth . the six week period of compulsory maternity leave shall apply to all working women regardless of the number of days worked prior to confinement .


### the allowance referred to in point 2 shall be deemed adequate if it guarantees income equivalent to the last monthly salary or an average monthly salary , subject to any ceiling laid down under national legislation . such a ceiling may not be lower than the allowance received by workers within the meaning of article 2 in the event of a break in activity on grounds connected with the worker ' s state of health . the member states may lay down the period over which this average monthly salary is calculated ### the allowance referred to in point 2 shall be deemed adequate if it guarantees income equivalent to that which the worker concerned would receive in the event of a break in activity on grounds connected with the worker ' s state of health , subject to any ceiling laid down under national legislation . the member states and / or the social partners should set the allowance at a level which respects and secures women ' s rights and full gender equality .


### at its meeting of 4 february 2011 , the european council supported the concept of the common strategic framework for union research and innovation funding to improve the efficiency of research and innovation funding at national and union levels and called on the union to rapidly address remaining obstacles to attracting talent and investment in order to complete the era by 2014 and achieve a genuine single market for knowledge , research and innovation . ### at its meeting of 4 february 2011 , the european council supported the concept of the common strategic framework for union research and innovation funding to improve the efficiency of research and innovation funding at national and union levels and called on the union to rapidly address remaining obstacles to attracting talent and investment in order to complete the era by 2014 and achieve a genuine single market for knowledge , research and innovation . this requires increasing significantly the budget for the next 7 - year period to reinforce the innovation capacity of the union while attracting significant private sector funds for its activities .


### the european parliament has called for a radical simplification of union research and innovation funding in its resolution of 11 november 2010 , has highlighted the importance of the innovation union to transform europe for post - crisis world , in its resolution of 12 may 2011 , has drawn attention to important lessons to be learned following the interim evaluation of the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 8 june 2011 and has supported the concept of a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding in its resolution of 27 september 2011 . ### the european parliament has called for a radical simplification of union research and innovation funding in its resolutions of 11 november 2010 and 8 june 20111 , that emphasised that any increase of funds should be coupled with a radical simplification of funding procedures , has highlighted the importance of the innovation union to transform europe for post - crisis world in its resolution of 12 may 2011 , has drawn attention to important lessons to be learned following the interim evaluation of the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 8 june 2011 , has supported the concept of a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding , and has called for doubling of the budget for research and innovation in the next mff compared to the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 27 september 2011 . ______________ 1 texts adopted , p7_ta0266 .


### simplification is a central aim of horizon 2020 which should be fully reflected in its design , rules , financial management and implementation . horizon 2020 should aim to attract the strong participation of universities , research centres , industry and specifically smes and be open to new participants , as it brings together the full range of research and innovation support in one common strategic framework , including a streamlined set of forms of support and uses rules for participation with principles applicable to all actions under the programme . simpler funding rules should reduce the administrative costs for participation and will contribute to a reduction of financial errors . ### simplification is a central requirement of horizon 2020 which should be fully reflected in its design , rules , financial management and implementation . horizon 2020 should aim to attract the strong participation of universities , research centres , industry and specifically smes and be open to new participants , as it brings together the full range of research and innovation support in one common strategic framework , including a streamlined set of forms of support that take due regard of the nature of the activities and of their closeness to the market and uses rules for participation with principles applicable to all actions under the programme . simpler funding rules should reduce the administrative costs for participation and will contribute to a reduction of financial errors .


### simplification is a central aim of horizon 2020 which should be fully reflected in its design , rules , financial management and implementation . horizon 2020 should aim to attract the strong participation of universities , research centres , industry and specifically smes and be open to new participants , as it brings together the full range of research and innovation support in one common strategic framework , including a streamlined set of forms of support and uses rules for participation with principles applicable to all actions under the programme . simpler funding rules should reduce the administrative costs for participation and will contribute to a reduction of financial errors . ### simplification is a central aim of horizon 2020 which should be fully reflected in its design , rules , financial management and implementation . horizon 2020 should aim to attract the strong participation of both union and associated country and third country universities , research centres , industry and specifically smes and be open to new participants , as it brings together the full range of research and innovation support in one common strategic framework , including a streamlined set of forms of support and uses rules for participation with principles applicable to all actions under the programme . simpler funding rules should reduce the administrative costs for participation and will contribute to a reduction of financial errors .


### it is appropriate to ensure a correct closure of horizon 2020 and its predecessor programmes , in particular regarding the continuation of multi - annual arrangements for their management , such as the financing of technical and administrative assistance . ### it is appropriate to ensure a correct closure of horizon 2020 and its predecessor programmes , in particular regarding the continuation of multi - annual arrangements for their management , such as the financing of strictly necessary technical and administrative assistance .


### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting science education , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities . ### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society horizon 2020 should : promote informed engagement of citizens and civil society in the process of research and innovation and facilitate their active participation in horizon 2020 activities ; promote science education ; guarantee the respect of ethical legislation and promote the emergence of , and adherence to , the highest ethical standards worldwide ; increase the accessibility and re - use of the results of publicly funded research , in particular scientific publications and data ; develop responsible research and innovation agendas and a governance framework that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations by reinforcing their participation in the setting of research priorities of horizon 2020 .


### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account . research activities should also take into account article 13 tfeu and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu . ### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles . the reasoned , regularly updated opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account , which entails , as a prerequisite , a transparent method of selection underpinned by the independence and scientific expertise of the ege members . research activities should also take into account article 13 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union .


### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds and rural development policy , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies . ### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , transport , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds , rural development policy and the connecting europe facility , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies .


### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . ### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes . horizon 2020 should contribute to the union ' s international commitments in the field of sustainable development , in particular the achievement of millennium development goals and their subsequent internationally agreed adaptations .


### horizon 2020 shall contribute to building an economy based on knowledge and innovation across the whole union by leveraging sufficient additional research , development and innovation funding . thereby , it shall support the implementation of the europe 2020 strategy and other union policies , as well as the achievement and functioning of the european research area . the relevant performance indicators are set out in the introduction of annex i . ### horizon 2020 shall contribute to building an economy based on knowledge and innovation across the whole union by leveraging sufficient additional research , development and innovation funding . thereby , it shall support the implementation of the europe 2020 strategy and other union policies , as well as the achievement and functioning of the european research area . it is estimated that by 2030 horizon 2020 is expected to generate an extra 0 . 92 per cent of gdp , 1 . 37 per cent of exports , - 0 . 15 per cent of imports , and 0 . 40 per cent of employment . the relevant performance indicators are set out in the introduction of annex i .


### the amount for activities under title xix tfeu shall be distributed among the priorities set out in article 5 as follows : excellent science , eur 27818 million ; industrial leadership , eur 20280 million ; societal challenges , eur 35888 million . the maximum overall amount for the union financial contribution from horizon 2020 to the non - nuclear direct actions of the joint research centre shall be eur 2212 million . the indicative breakdown for the specific objectives within the priorities and the maximum overall amount of the contribution to the non - nuclear direct actions of the joint research centre are set out in annex ii . ### the amount for activities shall be distributed among the priorities set out in article 5 as follows : excellent science , 31 , 705 % of the financial envelope set out in paragraph 1 ; industrial leadership , 22 , 544 % of the financial envelope set out in paragraph 1 ; societal challenges , 39 , 589 % of the financial envelope set out in paragraph 1 . the maximum overall amount for the union financial contribution from horizon 2020 to the non - nuclear direct actions of the joint research centre shall be 2 , 521 % of the financial envelope set out in paragraph 1 . the indicative breakdown for the specific objectives within the priorities and the maximum overall amount of the contribution to the non - nuclear direct actions of the joint research centre are set out in annex ii . the annual appropriations shall be authorised by the budgetary authority without prejudice to the provisions of the regulation laying down the multiannual financial framework for the years 2014 - 2020 and the interinstitutional agreement of xxx / 201z between the european parliament , the council and the commission on cooperation in budgetary matters and sound financial management .


### for the implementation of horizon 2020 , account shall be taken of advice and inputs provided by : advisory groups of independent , high level experts set up by the commission ; dialogue structures created under international science and technology agreements ; forward looking activities ; targeted public consultations ; and transparent and interactive processes that ensure responsible research and innovation is supported . ### for the implementation of horizon 2020 , account shall be taken of advice and inputs provided by : advisory groups of independent , high level experts set up by the commission ; non - profit civil society platforms ; dialogue structures created under international science and technology agreements ; forward looking activities ; targeted public consultations ; and transparent and interactive processes that ensure responsible research and innovation is supported .


### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the adequate participation of , and innovation impact on , small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . quantitative and qualitative assessments of sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements . ### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the adequate participation of , and innovation impact on , small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . quantitative and qualitative assessments of sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements . the commission , in particular , shall ensure to the largest possible extent the participation of smes in horizon 2020 by also providing the necessary assistance that will allow them to fulfil the requirements and improve their access to finance under this programme .


### the integrated approach set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 is expected to lead to around 15% of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' and the priority ' societal challenges ' going to smes . ### the integrated approach set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 is expected to lead to not less than 15 % of the total combined budget for the specific objective on ' leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ' and the priority ' societal challenges ' going to smes , and 50 % of participating smes introducing innovations new to the company or the market .


### the long - term commitment from all partners based on a shared vision and clearly defined objectives ; ### the commitment from all partners based on a shared vision and clearly defined objectives ;


### union participation in programmes undertaken by several member states in accordance with article 185 tfeu . ### union participation in programmes undertaken by several regional authorities or member states in accordance with article 185 tfeu .


### for the purposes of point such initiatives shall only be proposed in cases where there is a need for a dedicated implementation structure and where there is a high level of commitment of the participating countries to integration at scientific , management and financial levels . in addition , proposals for initiatives referred to in point shall be identified on the basis of all of the following criteria : ### for the purposes of point such initiatives shall only be proposed in cases where there is a need for a dedicated implementation structure and where there is a high level of commitment of the participating countries and / or regions to integration at scientific , management and financial levels . in addition , proposals for initiatives referred to in point shall be identified on the basis of all of the following criteria :


### supporting the union ' s external and development policy objectives , complementing external and development programmes . ### supporting the union ' s external and development policy objectives as set out in the european consensus on development and agenda for change , complementing external and development programmes , and contributing to the fulfilment of international commitments in the field of sustainable development , in particular the achievement of the millennium development goals and their subsequently internationally agreed adaptations .


### targeted actions with the objective of promoting cooperation with specific third countries or groups of third countries shall be implemented on the basis of common interest and mutual benefit , taking into account their scientific and technological capabilities and market opportunities , and the expected impact . ### targeted actions with the objective of promoting cooperation with specific third countries or groups of third countries shall be implemented on the basis of common interest and mutual benefit , taking into account their scientific and technological capabilities and market opportunities , their developmental needs , and the expected impact . they include actions dedicated to the reinforcement of research capacities in developing countries and cooperation actions centred on their specific needs in domains such as health , including research on neglected diseases and epidemics , agriculture , fisheries and environment .


### the european commission shall implement information and communication actions concerning horizon 2020 , including communication measures concerning supported projects and results . budget allocated to communication under horizon 2020 shall also contribute to covering the corporate communication of the union ' s political priorities as far as they are related to the general objective of this regulation . ### the european commission shall implement information and communication actions concerning horizon 2020 , including communication measures concerning supported projects and results . budget allocated to communication under horizon 2020 shall also contribute to covering the corporate communication of the union ' s political priorities as far as they are related to the general objective of this regulation . in particular , it shall provide timely and through information to member states .


### the commission shall annually monitor the implementation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . this shall include information on cross - cutting topics such as sustainability and climate change , including information on the amount of climate related expenditure . ### the commission shall annually monitor the implementation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . this shall include information on cross - cutting topics such as sustainability and climate change , marine and maritime research , including information on the amount of climate related expenditure .


### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures . ### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for extending the excellence of the union’s science and innovation base in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures .


### marie curie actions shall provide excellent and innovative research training as well as attractive career and knowledge - exchange opportunities through cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers to best prepare them to face current and future societal challenges . ### marie curie actions shall provide excellent and innovative research training as well as attractive career and knowledge - exchange opportunities through cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers from universities , research organisations and enterprises , including smes , to best prepare them to face current and future societal challenges .


### if europe is to match its competitors in research and innovation , it must entice more young women and men to embark on research careers and provide highly attractive opportunities and environments for research and innovation . the most talented individuals , from europe and elsewhere , should see europe as a pre - eminent place to work . gender equality , high - quality and reliable employment and working conditions plus recognition are crucial aspects that must be secured in a consistent way across the whole of europe . ### if europe is to match its competitors in research and innovation , it must entice more young women and men to embark unified european - wide on research careers and provide highly attractive opportunities and environments for research and innovation . the most talented individuals , from europe and elsewhere , should see europe as a pre - eminent place to work . gender equality , high - quality and reliable employment and working conditions plus recognition are crucial aspects that must be secured in a consistent way across the whole of europe .


### key activities shall be to support short - term exchanges of research and innovation staff among a partnership of universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups , both within europe and worldwide . this will include fostering cooperation with third countries . ### key activities shall be to support exchanges of research and innovation staff among a partnership of universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups , both within europe and worldwide . this will include fostering cooperation with third countries .


### key activities shall be , with the aid of a co - funding mechanism , to encourage regional , national and international organisations to create new programmes and to open existing ones to international and intersectoral training , mobility and career development . this will increase the quality of research training in europe at all career stages , including at doctoral level , will foster free circulation of researchers and scientific knowledge in europe , will promote attractive research careers by offering open recruitment and attractive working conditions and will support research and innovation cooperation between universities , research institutions and enterprises and cooperation with third countries and international organisations . ### key activities shall be , with the aid of a co - funding mechanism , to encourage regional , national and international organisations to create new programmes and to adapt existing ones to international and intersectoral training , mobility and career development . this will increase the quality of research training in europe at all career stages , including at pre - doctoral and doctoral level , will foster free circulation of researchers and scientific knowledge in europe , will promote attractive research careers by offering open recruitment and attractive working conditions and will support research and innovation cooperation between universities , research institutions and enterprises and cooperation with third countries and international organisations .


### smart , green and integrated transport ### smart , green and integrated transport and mobility


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , sustainable tourism and the bio - economy


### the jrc ' s key competence areas will be energy , transport , environment and climate change , agriculture and food security , health and consumer protection , information and communication technologies , reference materials , and safety and security . ### the jrc ' s key competence areas will be energy , transport , environment and climate change , agriculture and food security , health and consumer protection , information and communication technologies , reference materials , and safety and security . the jrc activities in these areas will be conducted taking into account relevant initiatives at the level of regions , member states or the eu , within the perspectives of shaping the european research area .


### the in - built complexity of these challenges and the evolutions of demands thus make it essential to develop innovative research and new smart technologies , processes and methods , social innovation mechanisms , coordinated actions and policies that will anticipate or influence major evolutions for europe . it calls for understanding the underlying trends and impacts at play in these challenges and rediscovering or reinventing successful forms of solidarity , coordination and creativity that make europe a distinctive model of inclusive , innovative and secure societies compared to other world regions . it requires a more strategic approach to cooperation with third countries . finally , as security policies should interact with different social policies , enhancing the societal dimension of security research will be an important aspect of this challenge . ### the in - built complexity of these challenges and the evolutions of demands thus make it essential to develop innovative research and new smart technologies , processes and methods , social innovation mechanisms , coordinated actions and policies that will anticipate or influence major evolutions for europe . it calls for understanding the underlying trends and impacts at play in these challenges and rediscovering or reinventing successful forms of solidarity , coordination and creativity that make europe a distinctive model of inclusive , innovative and secure societies compared to other world regions . it requires a more strategic and open approach to cooperation with third countries , with targeted actions taken to promote and support international cooperation . finally , as security policies should interact with different social policies , enhancing the societal dimension of security research will be an important aspect of this challenge .


### the aim is to provide knowledge for the management of natural resources that achieves a sustainable balance between limited resources and the needs of society and the economy . activities shall focus on : furthering our understanding of the functioning of ecosystems , their interactions with social systems and their role in sustaining the economy and human well - being ; and providing knowledge and tools for effective decision making and public engagement . ### the aim is to provide knowledge for the management of natural resources that achieves a sustainable balance between limited resources and the needs of society and the economy . activities shall focus on : furthering our understanding of the functioning of ecosystems , including the regulatory role played by oceans and forests to prevent global warming , their interactions with social systems and their role in sustaining the economy and human well - being ; and providing knowledge and tools for effective decision making and public engagement .


### the aim is to foster all forms of eco - innovation that enable the transition to a green economy . activities shall focus on : strengthening eco - innovative technologies , processes , services and products and boosting their market uptake and replication , with special attention for smes ; supporting innovative policies and societal changes ; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy ; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems . ### the aim is to foster all forms of eco - innovation that enable the transition to a green economy . activities shall focus on : strengthening eco - innovative technologies , processes , services and products and boosting their market uptake and replication , with special attention for smes ; supporting innovative policies , sustainable economic models and societal changes ; measuring and assessing progress towards a green economy ; and fostering resource efficiency through digital systems .


### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services , zero - waste and adequate societal value . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond . ### in essence , a transition is needed towards an optimal and renewable use of biological resources and towards sustainable primary production and processing systems that can produce more food and other bio - based products with minimised inputs , environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions , enhanced ecosystem services and zero - waste and adequate societal value . responses to the way we generate , distribute , market , consume and regulate food production must be better understood and developed . a critical effort of interconnected research and innovation is a key element for this to happen , in europe and beyond .


### sustainable and competitive agri - food sector for a safe and healthy diet ### sustainable and competitive agri - food sector for a safe , affordable and healthy diet


### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . ### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens and the environment for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases .


### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility . ### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency , affordability and mobility .


### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . ### the problems of pollution , congestion , affordability , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone .


### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel concepts and designs , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs . ### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel concepts and designs , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs , or new more sustainable materials or coatings .


### the focus of activities shall be to improve the understanding of transport related socio - economic trends and prospects , and provide policy makers with evidence - based data and analyses . ### the focus of activities shall be to improve the understanding of transport related socio - economic trends and prospects , and provide policy makers with evidence - based data and analyses disseminated via the european commission ' s transport research knowledge centre .


### the specific objective is to achieve a european transport system that is resource - efficient , environmentally - friendly , safe and seamless for the benefit of citizens , the economy and society . ### the specific objective is to achieve a european transport system that is resource - efficient , climate - and environmentally - friendly , safe and interoperable for the benefit of citizens , users , workers and employees and the economy , as well as society .


### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility . ### europe must reconcile the changing needs in terms of the mobility of its citizens , shaped by new demographic and societal challenges , and territorial cohesion with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil and other fossil fuels that are largely supplied by third countries and whose supplies are limited , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility without increasing the remoteness of regions that are already isolated , in particular the outermost regions .


### research and innovation must bring about focussed and timely advances that will help achieve key union policy objectives , while boosting economic competitiveness , supporting the transition to a climate - resilient and low - carbon economy , and maintaining global market leadership . ### research and innovation must bring about focussed and timely advances that will help achieve key union policy objectives , while boosting economic competitiveness , supporting the transition to a climate - resilient , low - carbon economy , increasing mobility across europe and maintaining global market leadership .


### the transport sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gases and generates up to a quarter of all emissions . transport is 96 % dependent on fossil fuels . meanwhile , congestion is an increasing problem ; systems are not yet sufficiently smart ; alternatives for shifting between different modes of transport are not always attractive ; road fatalities remain dramatically high at 34 000 per year in the union ; citizens and businesses expect a transport system that is safe and secure . the urban context poses specific challenges to the sustainability of transport . ### the transport sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gases and generates up to a quarter of all emissions . transport is 96 % dependent on fossil fuels . meanwhile , congestion is an increasing problem ; systems are not yet sufficiently smart ; alternatives for shifting towards more sustainable modes of transport are not always attractive ; road fatalities remain dramatically high at 34 000 per year in the union ; citizens and businesses expect a transport system that is accessible to all , safe and secure . the urban context poses specific challenges to a better balance of quality of life and the sustainability of transport and mobility .


### business - as - usual is therefore not an option . research and innovation , driven by policy objectives and focused on the key challenges , shall contribute substantially to achieve the union ' s targets of limiting global temperature increase to 2ºc , cutting 60 % of co2 emissions from transport , drastically reduce congestion and accident costs , and virtually eradicating road deaths by 2050 . ### business - as - usual is therefore not an option . research and innovation , driven by policy objectives and focused on the key challenges , shall contribute substantially to achieve the union ' s targets of limiting global temperature increase to 2ºc , cutting 60 % of co2 emissions from transport . in order to achieve these objectives by 2050 , it is necessary to formulate more specific and concrete provisions for the period up to 2020 . first and foremost this requires ambitious cuts in co2 and other greenhouse gas emissions from transport . these emission cuts will be determined according to each transport mode with a view to achieving the 20 - 20 - 20 targets . research and innovation must also help in the internalisation of external costs by 2020 , drastically reduce congestion and accident costs , seek with determination to resolve road safety problems with a view to eradicating road deaths by 2050 and , in line with this goal , aim to halve road casualties by 2020 . in its white paper entitled ‘ roadmap to a single european transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ the commission calls for these goals to be achieved by means of an innovative , sustainable and efficient transport policy .


### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . ### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and harmonised deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles and which ensure the coherent development of infrastructure and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner , safer and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . it is also essential to support existing solutions by creating effective , smart , interoperable and interconnected systems to support the sesar , galileo , egnos , gmes , ertms , ris , safeseanet , lrit and its systems . initiatives such as esafety and ecall must also be continued .


### union level funding of transport research and innovation will complement member states’ activities by focussing on activities with a clear european added - value . this means that emphasis will be placed on priority areas that match european policy objectives ; where a critical mass of effort is necessary ; where europe - wide , interoperable transport solutions need to be pursued ; or where pooling efforts trans - nationally can reduce research investment risks , pioneer common standards and shorten time - to - market of research results . ### union level funding of transport research and innovation will complement member states’ activities by focussing on activities with a clear european added - value . this means that emphasis will be placed on priority areas that match european policy objectives where a critical mass of effort is necessary ; where europe - wide transport systems , up - to - date sources of propulsion and power , interoperable transport solutions or multimodal infrastructures need to be pursued ; or where pooling efforts trans - nationally can remove bottlenecks in the transport system and reduce research investment risks , pioneer common standards and standardisation and shorten time - to - market of research results .


### investing in research and innovation for a greener , smarter and more integrated transport system will make an important contribution to the europe 2020 goals of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and the objectives of the innovation union flagship initiative . the activities will support the implementation of the white paper on transport aiming at a single european transport area . they will also contribute to the policy goals outlined in the flagship initiatives on ' resource efficient europe ' , ' an industrial policy for the globalisation era ' and ' a digital agenda for europe ' . ### investing in research and innovation for a greener , smarter and more integrated reliable transport system will make an important contribution to the europe 2020 goals of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and the objectives of the innovation union flagship initiative . the activities will support the implementation of the white paper on transport aiming at a single european transport area . they will also participate in the policy goals outlined in the flagship initiatives on ' resource efficient europe ' , ' an industrial policy for the globalisation era ' and ' a digital agenda for europe ' . measures will also be taken to ensure cohesion with other parts of these programmes , in particular through the setting up of a knowledge and innovation community for urban mobility and smart cities .


### resource efficient transport that respects the environment ### resource efficient transport that respects the environment and public health


### the aim is to minimise transport ' s impact on climate and the environment by improving its efficiency in the use of natural resources , and by reducing its dependence on fossil fuels . ### the aim is to minimise transport’s impact on climate and the environment , as well as on public health , by improving its quality , efficiency and effectiveness in the use of natural resources , and by reducing its dependence on fossil fuels , while diversifying fuel supply sources .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve vehicle efficiency , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of electric and other low or zero emission vehicles , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure ; to explore and exploit the potential of alternative fuels and innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , including fuel infrastructure ; to optimise the use of infrastructures , by means of intelligent transport systems and smart equipment ; and to increase the use of demand management and public and non - motorised transport , particularly in urban areas . ### the focus of activities shall , as a first step , be to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve the energy efficiency of all kinds of vehicles , to accelerate the development and deployment of a new generation of low or zero emission vehicles and the accompanying infrastructure , including through breakthroughs in engines , batteries and infrastructure and the use of renewables in rail , water and air transport . it is also essential to have a waste management policy linked to these innovations . moreover , all innovation aimed at achieving low or zero emissions in all modes of transport should be encouraged , including developing and harnessing the huge potential of alternative and sustainable fuels , as well as developing innovative and more efficient propulsion systems , work on optimising fuel systems , vehicle weights and aerodynamics , and development and infrastructure , and optimising the use of infrastructures by using intelligent transport systems and smart equipment . it is important to increase the use of public and non - motorised transport and intermodal mobility chains , particularly in urban areas .


### the aim is to reconcile the growing mobility needs with improved transport fluidity , through innovative solutions for seamless , inclusive , safe , secure and robust transport systems . ### the aim is to reconcile the growing mobility needs with improved transport fluidity , through innovative solutions for seamless , intermodal , inclusive , accessible , safe , secure and robust transport systems , not forgetting the importance of high - quality , innovative and intermodal infrastructure .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to enhance inter - modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats . ### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated and completely intermodal door - to - door transport , infrastructure and logistics ; to enhance inter - modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to enhance inter - modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats . ### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and interoperability and match user needs chiefly by removing bottlenecks and promoting users’ transport by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to develop intelligent transport applications and systems for traffic management , integrated ticketing , travel information and payment and to accelerate the uptake of intermodal solutions for passengers ; to adapt road infrastructure to unprotected road users and the needs of an ageing society ; to identify benefits that its and cooperative systems can bring for infrastructure safety management ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats .


### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel concepts and designs , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs . ### the focus of activities shall be to develop the new generation of innovative transport means and transport systems and to work on novel concepts and designs , with a view to developing the following one . it will also be necessary to develop smart control systems , interoperable standards , smart transport services , smart intermodal infrastructures and efficient production and recycling processes and achieve shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs .


### the focus of activities shall be to improve the understanding of transport related socio - economic trends and prospects , and provide policy makers with evidence - based data and analyses . ### the focus of activities shall be to improve the understanding of transport related socio - economic trends and prospects , and provide policy makers with evidence - based data and analyses . this also includes the impact of the liberalisation of the transport and mobility sector , such as the need to better understand the effect of rail liberalisation on the quality of services , the environment and the social interests of employees . there should be greater emphasis on reconciling the objectives of sustainability and social needs when planning transport policies in order to prevent , in particular , social inequalities in terms of mobility and to improve the situation of vulnerable users .


### europe has set out its ambition to move to a new economic model based on smart , sustainable and inclusive growth . this type of transformation will need more than incremental improvements to current technologies . it will require much higher capacity for science - based innovation fuelled by radical new knowledge , allowing europe to take a leading role in creating the technological paradigm shifts which will be the key drivers of productivity growth , competitiveness , wealth and social progress in the future . such paradigm shifts have historically tended to originate from the public - sector science base before going on to lay the foundations for whole new industries and sectors . ### europe has set out its ambition to move to a new economic model based on smart , sustainable and inclusive growth . this type of transformation will need more than incremental improvements to current technologies and knowledge . it will require much higher capacity for basic science and science - based innovation fuelled by radical new knowledge , allowing europe to take a leading role in creating the scientific and technological paradigm shifts which will be the key drivers of productivity growth , competitiveness , wealth and social progress in the future . such paradigm shifts have historically tended to originate from the public - sector science base before going on to lay the foundations for whole new industries and sectors .


### the erc shall also give support , as necessary , to emerging new ways of working in the scientific world with the potential to create breakthrough results and facilitates exploration of the commercial and social innovation potential of the research which it funds . ### the erc shall also give support , as necessary , to new ways of working in the scientific world with the potential to create breakthrough results and facilitates exploration and running of the commercial and social innovation potential of the research which it funds .