### a member state which intends to recognise , by endorsement , the certificates of competency or the certificates of proficiency referred to in paragraph 1 issued by a third country to a master , officer or radio operator , for service on ships flying its flag , shall submit a request to the commission for the recognition of that third country , accompanied by a preliminary analysis of the third country ' s compliance with the requirements of the stcw convention by collecting the information referred to in annex ii , including an estimation of the number of masters and officers from that country likely to be employed . ### a member state which intends to recognise , by endorsement , the certificates of competency or the certificates of proficiency referred to in paragraph 1 issued by a third country to a master , officer or radio operator , for service on ships flying its flag , shall submit a request to the commission for the recognition of that third country , accompanied by a preliminary analysis of the third country ' s compliance with the requirements of the stcw convention by collecting the information referred to in annex ii , and whenever possible an estimation of the number of masters and officers from that country likely to be employed .


### directive 2008 / 106 / ec also contains a centralised mechanism for the recognition of seafarers ' certificates issued by third countries . the regulatory fitness programme evaluation14 showed that significant cost savings for the member states were achieved since the introduction of the centralised mechanism . however , the evaluation also revealed that , with regard to some of the recognised third countries , only a very limited number of seafarers was subsequently employed in union vessels . therefore , in order to use the available human and financial resources in a more efficient way , the procedure for the recognition of third countries should be based on an analysis of the need for such recognition , including an estimation of the number of masters and officers originating from that country who are likely to be employed in union vessels . __________________ 14 swd19 . ### directive 2008 / 106 / ec also contains a centralised mechanism for the recognition of seafarers ' certificates issued by third countries . the regulatory fitness programme evaluation14 showed that significant cost savings for the member states were achieved since the introduction of the centralised mechanism . however , the evaluation also revealed that , with regard to some of the recognised third countries , only a very limited number of endorsements attesting to the recognition of certificates were issued by member states in relation to certificates of competency or certificates of proficiency issued by these third countries . __________________ 14 swd19 .


### the erdf resources for the european territorial cooperation goal shall amount to eur 8 430 000 000 of the global resources available for budgetary commitment from the erdf , esf + and the cohesion fund for the 2021 - 2027 programming period and set out in article [ 102 ] of regulation [ new cpr ] . ### the erdf resources for the european territorial cooperation goal shall amount for components 1 to 4 referred to in article 3 to 3 % of the global resources available for budgetary commitment from the erdf , esf + and the cohesion fund for the 2021 - 2027 programming period and set out in article [ 103 ] of regulation [ new cpr ] .


### it is in the union ' s interest to assist the beneficiaries listed in annex i in their efforts to reform with a view to union membership . assistance should be managed with a strong focus on results and with incentives for those who demonstrate their commitment to reform through efficient implementation of pre - accession assistance and progress towards meeting the membership criteria . ### it is in the union ' s interest to assist the beneficiaries listed in annex i in their efforts to reform with a view to union membership . assistance should be managed with a strong focus on results and with incentives for those who demonstrate their commitment to reform through efficient implementation of pre - accession assistance and progress towards meeting the membership criteria and values of the european union .


### the european border and coast guard agency should step up its assistance to member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals , subject to the union return policy and in compliance with directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council1 . in particular , it should coordinate and organise return operations from one or more member states and it should organise and conduct return interventions to reinforce the return system of member states requiring increased technical and operational assistance when complying with their obligation to return illegally staying third - country nationals in accordance with that directive . __________________ directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 16 december 2008 on common standards and procedures in member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals . ### the european border and coast guard agency should step up its assistance to member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals , subject to the union return policy and in compliance with directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council 1 . in particular , following the request of one or more member states it should coordinate and organise return operations and it should organise and conduct return interventions to reinforce the return system of member states requiring increased technical and operational assistance when complying with their obligation to return illegally staying third - country nationals in accordance with that directive . __________________ directive 2008 / 115 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 16 december 2008 on common standards and procedures in member states for returning illegally staying third - country nationals .


### the fundamental rights officer shall report to the executive director and to the management board as to the findings and follow - up given to complaints by the agency and the member states . ### the fundamental rights officer shall inform the executive director and the management board of the findings regarding the complaints deemed eligible . the executive director and the management board shall then report on the follow - up to complaints by the agency and the member states .


### the european border and coast guard shall guarantee the protection of fundamental rights in the performance of its tasks under this regulation in accordance with relevant union law , in particular the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , relevant international law , including the convention relating to the status of refugees and obligations related to access to international protection , in particular the principle of non - refoulement . for that purpose , the agency shall draw up and further develop and implement a fundamental rights strategy . ### the european border and coast guard teams shall guarantee the protection of fundamental rights in the performance of its tasks under this regulation in accordance with relevant union law , in particular the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , relevant international law , including the convention relating to the status of refugees and obligations related to access to international protection , in particular the principle of non - refoulement . for that purpose , the agency shall draw up and further develop and implement a fundamental rights strategy .


### ' external borders ' means the land and sea borders of the member states and their airports and seaports , to which the provisions of title ii of regulation no&#160 ; 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council1 apply ; ______________ regulation no 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council of 15 march 2006 establishing a community code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders . ### ' eu external borders ' means the land and sea borders of the member states with third countries and their airports and seaports , to which the provisions of title ii of regulation no&#160 ; 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council&#160 ; 1 apply ; ________________ regulation no 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council of 15 march 2006 establishing a community code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders .


### cooperation with third countries in the areas of covered by this regulation , focusing in particular on neighbouring countries and on those third countries which have been identified through risk analysis as being countries of origin and transit for irregular immigration ; ### cooperation with third countries in the areas of covered by this regulation , focusing in particular on neighbouring countries and on those third countries which have been identified through risk analysis as being countries of origin and transit for irregular immigration in cooperation with the eeas and the european commission ;


### by three years from the date of entry into force of this regulation , and every three years thereafter , the commission shall carry out an evaluation to assess particularly the impact , effectiveness and efficiency of the agency ' s performance and its working practices in relation to its objectives , mandate and tasks . the evaluation shall , in particular , address the possible need to modify the mandate of the agency , and the financial implications of any such modification . the evaluation shall include a specific analysis on the way the charter of fundamental rights was complied with in the application of this regulation . ### by three years from the date of entry into force of this regulation , and every three years thereafter , the commission shall carry out an evaluation to assess particularly the impact , effectiveness and efficiency of the agency ' s performance and its working practices in relation to its objectives , mandate and tasks . the evaluation shall , in particular , address the possible need to modify the regulation , the mandate of the agency , and the financial implications of any such modification . the evaluation shall include a specific analysis of the way the charter of fundamental rights was complied with in the application of this regulation as well as of cases of complaints and their handling .


### the european border and coast guard agency should organise the appropriate technical and operational assistance to member states so as to reinforce their capacity to implement their obligations with regard to the control of the external borders , and to face challenges at the external border resulting from irregular immigration or cross - border crime . in this respect , the european border and coast guard agency should , at the request of a member state or on its own initiative , organise and coordinate joint operations for one or more member states and deploy european border and coast guard teams as well as the necessary technical equipment , and it may deploy experts from its own staff . ### the european border and coast guard agency should organise the appropriate technical and operational assistance to member states so as to reinforce their capacity to implement their obligations with regard to the control of the external borders , and to face challenges at the external border . in this respect , the european border and coast guard agency should , at the request of a member state , organise and coordinate joint operations for one or more member states and deploy european border and coast guard teams as well as the necessary technical equipment , and it may deploy experts from its own staff .


### support the development of technical standards for equipment , especially for tactical level command , control and communication as well as technical surveillance to ensure interoperability at union and national level ; ### support the development of common technical standards for equipment , especially for tactical level command , control and communication as well as technical surveillance to ensure interoperability at union and national level ;


### the european border and coast guard shall , in the performance of its tasks , take into account the special needs of children , victims of trafficking in human beings , persons in need of medical assistance , persons in need of international protection , persons in distress at sea and other persons in a particularly vulnerable situation . ### the european border and coast guard shall , in the performance of its tasks , take into account the special needs of minors , especially if unaccompanied , victims of trafficking in human beings , persons in need of medical assistance , persons in need of international protection , persons in distress at sea and other persons in a particularly vulnerable situation .


### the , executive director shall be appointed by the management board on the grounds of merit and documented high - level administrative and management skills , as well as senior professional experience in the field of management of the external borders and return . the management board shall take its decision by a two - thirds majority of all members with a right to vote . ### prior to his / her appointment by the management board on the grounds of merit and documented high - level administrative and management skills , as well as senior professional experience in the field of management of the external borders and return , the executive director shall be heard by the appropriate bodies of the european parliament . the management board shall take its decision by a two - thirds majority of all members with a right to vote .


### in view of contributing to an efficient , high and uniform level of border control and return , the agency shall perform the following tasks : ### in view of contributing to an efficient , high and uniform level of border control and uniform application of international standards for returns , the agency shall perform the following tasks :


### in matters covered by its activities and to the extent required for the fulfilment of its tasks , the agency shall facilitate and encourage operational cooperation between member states and third countries , within the framework of the external relations policy of the union , including with regard to the protection of fundamental rights . the agency and the member states shall comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation also when cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries . the establishment of cooperation with third countries shall serve to promote european border management and return standards . ### in matters covered by its activities and to the extent required for the fulfilment of its tasks , the agency shall facilitate and encourage operational cooperation between member states and third countries , within the framework of the external relations policy of the union and especially of the european neighbourhood policy and development policy , including with regard to the protection of fundamental rights . the agency and the member states shall comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation also when cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries . the establishment of cooperation with third countries shall serve to promote european border management and return standards .


### the european border and coast guard agency shall establish an operational and technical strategy for the european integrated border management . it shall promote and ensure the implementation of european integrated border management in all member states . ### the european border and coast guard agency shall establish an annual operational and technical strategy for the european integrated border management . it shall promote and ensure the implementation of european integrated border management in all member states .


### establish a monitoring and risk analysis centre and analyse risks with the capacity to monitor migratory flows and to carry out risk analysis as regards all aspects of integrated border management ; ### monitor migratory flows and carry out risk analysis as regards all aspects of integrated border management by making use of available resources such as the union satellite centre and situation centre ;


### the european border and coast guard agency should have the necessary equipment and staff at its disposal to be deployed in joint operations or rapid border interventions . to this end , when launching rapid border interventions at the request of a member state or in the context of a situation requiring urgent action , the european border and coast guard agency should be able to deploy european border and coast guard teams from a rapid reserve pool which should be a standing corps composed of a small percentage of the total number of border guards in the member states , which should amount to a minimum of 1 500 . the deployment of the european border and coast guard teams from the rapid reserve pool should be immediately complemented by additional european border and coast guard teams as appropriate . ### the european border and coast guard agency should have the necessary equipment and staff at its disposal to be deployed in joint operations or rapid border interventions . to this end , when launching rapid border interventions at the request of a member state or in the context of a situation requiring urgent action , the european border and coast guard agency should be able to deploy european border and coast guard teams from a rapid reserve pool which should be a standing corps composed of an adequate percentage of the total number of border guards in the member states , which should amount to a minimum of 1 500 . the deployment of the european border and coast guard teams from the rapid reserve pool should be immediately complemented by additional european border and coast guard teams as appropriate .


### this regulation establishes a complaint mechanism for the european border and coast guard agency , in cooperation with the fundamental rights officer , to monitor and ensure the respect for fundamental rights in all the activities of the agency . this should be an administrative mechanism whereby the fundamental rights officer should be responsible for handling complaints received by the agency in accordance with the right to good administration . the fundamental rights officer should review the admissibility of a complaint , register admissible complaints , forward all registered complaints to the executive director , forward complaints concerning border guards to the home member state and register the follow - up by the agency or that member state . criminal investigations should be conducted by the member states . ### this regulation establishes a complaint mechanism for the european border and coast guard agency , in cooperation with the fundamental rights officer , to monitor and ensure the respect for fundamental rights in all the activities of the agency . this should be an administrative mechanism whereby the fundamental rights officer should be responsible for handling complaints received by the agency in accordance with the right to good administration . the fundamental rights officer should review the admissibility of a complaint , register admissible complaints , forward all registered complaints to the executive director , forward complaints concerning border guards to the home member state and register the follow - up by the agency or that member state . this data should be included in the annual report of the agency . criminal investigations should be conducted by the member states .


### the agency shall ensure that the standardized complaint form is available in most common languages and that it shall be made available on the agency’s website and in hardcopy during all activities of the agency . complaints shall be considered by the fundamental rights officer even when they are not submitted in the standardized complaint form . ### the agency shall ensure that the standardized complaint form is available in most eu languages as well as in arabic and in any other languages most commonly used and that it shall be made available on the agency’s website and in hardcopy during all activities of the agency . complaints shall be considered by the fundamental rights officer even when they are not submitted in the standardized complaint form .


### assist member states and third countries in the context of operational cooperation between them in the fields of external border management and return . ### provide support to member states in their operational cooperation with third countries in the fields of external border management and return .


### the agency may deploy experts of its own staff as liaison officers , who should enjoy the highest possible protection to carry out their duties , in third countries . they shall form part of the local or regional cooperation networks of immigration liaison officers and security experts of the union and of the member states , including the network set up pursuant to council regulation no 377 / 2004 . 1 __________________ council regulation no 377 / 2004 of 19 february 2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison officers network . ### the agency may deploy experts as liaison officers , who should enjoy the highest possible protection to carry out their duties , in third countries . they shall form part of the local or regional cooperation networks of immigration liaison officers and security experts of the union and of the member states , including the network set up pursuant to council regulation no 377 / 2004 . 1 _______________ council regulation no 377 / 2004 of 19 february 2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison officers network .


### the european border and coast guard agency shall facilitate the application of union measures relating to the management of external borders by reinforcing , assessing and coordinating the actions of member states in the implementation of those measures , and in return , member states shall ensure the management of their section of the external borders , in their interests and in interest of all member states which have abolished internal border control , in full compliance with union law and in accordance with the technical and operational strategy referred to in article 3 , and in close cooperation with the agency . ### the european border and coast guard agency shall facilitate the application of union measures relating to the management of eu external borders by reinforcing , assessing and coordinating the actions of member states in the implementation of those measures , and in return , member states shall ensure the management of their section of the external borders , in their interests and in interest of all member states which have abolished internal border control , in full compliance with union law and in accordance with the technical and operational strategy referred to in article 3 , and in close cooperation with the agency .


### initiating joint operations and rapid border interventions at the external borders ### initiating joint operations and rapid border interventions at the eu external borders


### the agency may also , with the agreement of the member states concerned invite observers from third countries to participate in its activities at the external borders referred to in article 13 , return operations referred to in article 27 , return interventions referred to in article 32 and training referred to in article 35 , to the extent that their presence is in accordance with the objectives of those activities , may contribute to improving cooperation and the exchange of best practices , and does not affect the overall safety of those activities . the participation of those observers may take place only with the agreement of the member states concerned regarding the activities referred to in articles 13 , 27 and 35 and only with the agreement of the host member state regarding those referred to in article 13 and 32 . detailed rules on the participation of observers shall be included in the operational plan . those observers shall receive the appropriate training from the agency prior to their participation . ### the agency may also , with the agreement of the member states concerned invite third countries to participate in its activities at the external borders referred to in article 13 , including in an observer capacity , return operations referred to in article 27 , return interventions referred to in article 32 and training referred to in article 35 , to the extent that their presence is in accordance with the objectives of those activities , may contribute to improving cooperation and the exchange of best practices , and does not affect the overall safety of those activities . the participation of those observers may take place only with the agreement of the member states concerned regarding the activities referred to in articles 13 , 27 and 35 and only with the agreement of the host member state regarding those referred to in article 13 and 32 . detailed rules on the participation of observers shall be included in the operational plan . those observers shall receive the appropriate training from the agency prior to their participation .


### cooperate with the european fisheries control agency and the european maritime safety agency to support the national authorities carrying out coast guard functions by providing services , information , equipment and training , as well as by coordinating multipurpose operations ; ### cooperate with the european fisheries control agency and the european maritime safety agency to support the national authorities carrying out coast guard functions by providing services , information and , where necessary , equipment and training , as well as by coordinating multipurpose operations ;


### analysis of the risks for internal security and analysis of the threats that may affect the functioning or security of the external borders ; ### analysis of the risks for internal security and analysis of the threats that may affect the functioning or security of the eu external borders ;


### in a spirit of shared responsibility , the role of the european border and coast guard agency should be to regularly monitor the management of the external borders . the agency should ensure proper and effective monitoring not only through risk analysis , information exchange and eurosur , but also through presence of experts from its own staff in member states . the agency should therefore be able to deploy liaison officers to specific member states for a period of time during which the liaison officer reports to the executive director . the report of the liaison officers should form part of the vulnerability assessment . ### undertaking a shared responsibility with the member states , the role of the european border and coast guard agency should be to regularly monitor the management of the external borders . the agency should ensure proper and effective monitoring not only through risk analysis , information exchange and eurosur , but also through presence of experts from its own staff in member states . the agency should therefore be able to deploy liaison officers to specific member states for a period of time during which the liaison officer reports to the executive director . the report of the liaison officers should form part of the vulnerability assessment .


### assist to member states in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance at the external borders by coordinating and organising joint operations , taking into account that some situations may involve humanitarian emergencies and rescue at sea ; ### provide support to member states in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance at the external borders by coordinating and organising joint operations , taking into account that some situations may involve humanitarian emergencies and rescue at sea ;


### carry out a vulnerability assessment including the assessment of the capacity of member states to face threats and pressures at the external borders ; ### carry out regular vulnerability assessment including the assessment of the capacity of member states to face threats and pressures at the external borders ;


### in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance , the agency may coordinate operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the field of management of external borders , and it shall have the possibility of carrying out joint operations at the external borders involving one or more member states and a third country neighbouring at least one of those member states , subject to the agreement of that neighbouring third country , including on the territory of that third country . the commission shall be informed of such activities . ### in circumstances requiring increased technical and operational assistance , the agency may coordinate operational cooperation between member states and third countries in the field of management of external borders , and it shall have the possibility of carrying out joint operations at the external borders involving one or more member states and a third country neighbouring at least one of those member states , subject to the agreement of that neighbouring third country , including on the territory of that third country . the participation of member states in joint operations on the territory of third countries should be on voluntary basis . the commission shall be informed of such activities .


### in the performance of its tasks the european border and coast guard shall ensure that no person is disembarked in , forced to enter , conducted to or otherwise handed over or returned to the authorities of a country in contravention of the principle of non - refoulement , or from which there is a risk of expulsion or return to another country in contravention of that principle . ### in the performance of its tasks the european border and coast guard agency shall ensure that no person is disembarked in , forced to enter , conducted to or otherwise handed over or returned to the authorities of a country in contravention of the principle of non - refoulement , or from which there is a risk of expulsion or return to another country in contravention of that principle .


### the fundamental rights officer shall report to the executive director and to the management board as to the findings and follow - up given to complaints by the agency and the member states . ### the fundamental rights officer shall inform the executive director and the management board of the findings regarding the complaints deemed eligible . the executive director and the management board shall then report on the follow - up to complaints by the agency and the member states .


### ' external borders ' means the land and sea borders of the member states and their airports and seaports , to which the provisions of title ii of regulation no&#160 ; 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council1 apply ; ______________ regulation no 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council of 15 march 2006 establishing a community code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders . ### ' eu external borders ' means the land and sea borders of the member states with third countries and their airports and seaports , to which the provisions of title ii of regulation no&#160 ; 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council&#160 ; 1 apply ; ________________ regulation no 562 / 2006 of the european parliament and of the council of 15 march 2006 establishing a community code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders .


### the commission shall adopt separate work programmes , by means of implementing acts , for the implementation of actions under the following components , as set out in article 3 of this decision : ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 12a , amending annex iia to adopt separate work programmes for the implementation of actions under the following components , as set out in article 3 of this decision :


### as these challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature , activities will follow a systemic approach , cooperating with member states and international partners , with other funding sources and with other policy initiatives . this will involve user - driven exploitation of environmental big data sources , such as those from copernicus , egnos / galileo , inspire , eosc , geoss , ceos , emodnet . ### as these challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature , activities will follow a systemic approach , cooperating with member states and international partners , with other funding sources and with other policy initiatives . this will involve user - driven exploitation of environmental big data sources , such as those from copernicus , egnos / galileo , inspire , eosc , geoss , ceos , emodnet . the practical approach can be maintained by using the already existing networks established by other programs such as european innovation partnership in the common agriculture policy .


### cluster food and natural resources ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 5 ; ### cluster food , natural resources , seas and oceans ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 5 ;


### –plant pests and diseases and animal health and welfare ; alternatives to the use of contentious pesticides , antibiotics and other substances ; ### –plant pests and diseases and animal health and welfare , including the development of integrated farming strategies ; alternatives to the use of contentious pesticides , herbicides , fungicides , antibiotics and other potentially harmful substances ; emphasis on nature - based solutions and health promoting living conditions ; research in low - risk pesticides as a way to support integrated pest management ;


### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 94 100 000 000 in current prices . ### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 120 000 000 000 in constant prices .


### cluster ' food and natural resources ' ### cluster ' food , natural resources , seas and oceans '


### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 10 billion for the cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 . ### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , fisheries and aquaculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy and common fisheries policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 16 billion for the cluster ‘ food , natural resources , seas and oceans’ for the period 2021 - 2027 .


### seas and oceans ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas and oceans aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction . ### seas , oceans ' and inland waters ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise , other water - use and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas , oceans and inland waters aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , as well the potential of aquaculture in all forms , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction .


### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 10 billion for the cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 . ### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported in a dedicated cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals as a frontrunner , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the swift achievement of an overall target of 30 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; ### –strengthened resilience of aquatic ecosystems thereby ensuring seas , oceans ' and fresh waters health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and aquatic environment and fostering a circular approach ;


### –modern food safety and authenticity systems , enhancing consumer confidence in the food system ; ### –modern food safety and authenticity systems , enhancing consumer confidence in the food system , including technologies that assist traceability and clean labelling of the products ;


### for each mission , a mission board may be established . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall advise upon the following : ### for each mission , a mission board shall be established with the task of co - designing and implementation . it shall be composed of around 15 independent high - level individuals , including research experts in various fields and relevant end - users ' representatives . each mission committee shall be selected through a call for nominations or a call for expressions of interest . the mission board shall recommend and advise upon the following :


### food and natural resources ### food , natural resources , seas and oceans


### for the purpose of managing eic blended finance , the commission shall make use of indirect management , or where this is not possible , may establish a special purpose vehicle . the commission shall seek to ensure the participation of other public and private investors . where this is not possible at the initial set up , the special purpose vehicle will be structured in such a way that it can attract other public or private investors in order to increase the leverage effect of the union contribution . ### for the purpose of managing eic blended finance , the commission shall make use of indirect management , or where this is not possible , may establish a special purpose vehicle in conformity with the financial regulation . the commission shall seek to ensure the participation of other public and private investors . where this is not possible at the initial set up , the special purpose vehicle will be structured in such a way that it can attract other public or private investors in order to increase the leverage effect of the union contribution .


### activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the goals of the energy union , as well as to those of the digital single market , the jobs , growth and investment agenda , the strengthening of the eu as a global actor , the new eu industrial policy strategy , the circular economy , the raw materials initiative , the security union and the urban agenda , as well as the common agricultural policy of the eu as well as eu legal provisions to reduce noise and air pollution . ### activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the goals of the energy union , as well as to those of the digital single market , the jobs , growth and investment agenda , the strengthening of the eu as a global actor , the new eu industrial policy strategy , the circular economy , the raw materials initiative , the security union and the urban agenda , the maritime policy as well as the common agricultural policy of the eu as well as eu legal provisions to reduce noise and air pollution .


### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 94 100 000 000 in current prices . ### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 120 000 000 000 in 2018 prices .


### bio - based innovation lays the foundations for the transition away from a fossil - based economy by encompassing the sustainable sourcing , industrial processing and conversion of biomass from land and sea into bio - based materials and products . it also capitalises on the potential of living resources , life sciences and industrial biotechnology for new discoveries , products and processes . bio - based innovation , including technologies , can bring new economic activities and employment to regions and cities , contribute to revitalising rural and coastal economies and strengthen the circularity of the bioeconomy . ### bio - based innovation lays the foundations for the transition away from a fossil - based economy by encompassing the sustainable sourcing , industrial processing and conversion of biomass from land and sea into bio - based materials and products . it also capitalises on the potential of living resources , life sciences and industrial biotechnology for new discoveries , products and processes . bio - based innovation , including technologies , can bring new economic activities and employment to regions and cities , contribute to revitalising rural and coastal economies and strengthen the circularity of the bioeconomy , thus supporting the transition towards a low - carbon resource efficient society .


### seas and oceans ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas and oceans aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction . ### seas , oceans ' and fresh waters ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , nutrient leakage , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas , oceans and fresh waters from reaching a point of no return and in order to promote the value chains of the blue economy , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas , oceans and fresh waters aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basins , fishing districts and macro - regional strategies , including those extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of aquatic biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction .


### the members of the eic board shall be appointed by the commission , following an open call for nominations or for expression of interests or both , whichever the commission will find more appropriate , , and taking into account the need for balance in expertise , gender , age and geographical distribution . ### the members of the eic board shall be appointed by the commission , following an open and transparent procedure , entailing call for nominations or for expression of interests or both , whichever the commission finds more appropriate , and taking into account the need for balance in expertise , gender , age and geographical distribution .


### –providing researchers with attractive career environments , skills and competences needed in the modern knowledge economy36 . linking the era and the european higher education area by supporting the modernisation of universities and other research and innovation organisations , through recognition and reward mechanisms to spur actions at national level , as well as incentives promoting the adoption of open science practices , entrepreneurship , trans - disciplinarity , citizen engagement , international and inter - sectoral mobility , gender equality plans and comprehensive approaches to institutional changes . in that context , also complementing the erasmus programme support for the european universities initiative , in particular its research dimension , as part of developing new joint and integrated long term and sustainable strategies on education , research and innovation based on trans - disciplinary and cross - sectoral approaches to make the knowledge triangle a reality , providing impetus to economic growth . _________________ 36 including notably the european charter for researchers , the code of conduct for the recruitment of researchers , euraxess and resaver pension fund . ### –providing researchers with attractive career environments , skills and competences needed in the modern knowledge economy36 . linking the era and the european higher education area by supporting the modernisation of universities and other research and innovation organisations , through recognition and reward mechanisms to spur actions at national level , as well as incentives promoting the adoption of open science practices , entrepreneurship , trans - disciplinarity , citizen engagement , international and cross - sectoral mobility , gender equality plans and comprehensive approaches to institutional changes . in that context , also complementing the erasmus programme support for the european universities initiative , in particular its research dimension , as part of developing new joint and integrated long term and sustainable strategies on education , research and innovation based on trans - disciplinary and cross - sectoral approaches to make the knowledge triangle a reality , providing impetus to economic growth . _________________ 36 including notably the european charter for researchers , the code of conduct for the recruitment of researchers , euraxess and resaver pension fund .


### they will also foster participatory approaches to research and innovation , including the multi - actor approach and develop knowledge and innovation systems at local , regional , national and european levels . social innovation with citizens ' engagement and trust in innovation will be crucial to encourage new governance , production and consumption patterns . ### they will also foster participatory approaches to research and innovation , including the multi - actor approach and develop knowledge and innovation systems and the spread of excellence at local , regional , national and european levels . social innovation with citizens ' engagement and trust in innovation and food systems - through an increasing transparency of the food chain –will be crucial to encourage new governance , production and consumption patterns , which is also dependent on the information sharing by labelling of sustainable products to help the consumers to choose sustainable products and be aware of their recyclability . through this multi - actor approach along the agri - food supply chain they will work towards guaranteeing that knowledge is transferred to end - users and will involve farmers and other users of agricultural technologies and products in the process of developing and implementing innovative developments to address challenges across food systems .


### food and natural resources ### food and natural resources from land and sea


### the research and innovation activities of this global challenge will develop the knowledge base , build the research and innovation capacity and develop the solutions needed for a more effective promotion of health and the prevention , treatment and cure of diseases . improving health outcomes will in turn result in increased life expectancy , healthy active lives and productivity of working age people , and sustainability of health and care systems . ### the research and innovation activities of this global challenge will develop the knowledge base , build the research and innovation capacity and develop the solutions needed for a more effective promotion of health and the prevention , treatment and cure of diseases . improving health outcomes will in turn result in increased life expectancy , healthy active lives and productivity of working age people , and sustainability of health and care systems . innovation in the field of rapid diagnostic techniques and new antibiotics may prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance and should therefore be promoted .


### –vaccines , diagnostics , treatments and cures for infectious diseases , including co - morbidities and co - infections ; ### –diagnostics , treatments and cures for infectious diseases , including co - morbidities and co - infections ;


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overconme reslient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth .


### –better understanding of the role of oceans for climate change mitigation and adaptation . ### –better understanding of the role of oceans and other aquatic environments for climate change mitigation and adaptation .


### research and innovation activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the implementation of the goals of : the environmental action programme , the common agricultural policy , the common fisheries policy , the food law legislation , the maritime policy , the circular economy action plan , the eu bioeconomy strategy , and the 2030 climate and energy framework as well as eu legal provisions to reduce air pollution . ### research and innovation activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the implementation of the goals of : the common agricultural policy , the environmental action programme , the common fisheries policy , the food law legislation , the maritime policy , the circular economy action plan , the eu bioeconomy strategy , the eu 2020 biodiversity strategy , the eu green infrastructure strategy , the eu forest strategy and the 2030 climate and energy framework as well as eu legal provisions to reduce air pollution .


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overconme reslient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe , nutritious and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , promoting sustainable use of soil , ensuring access to clean water , fertile soil and clean air for all cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production within the planet ' s boundaries and restoring planetary health requires identifying and gathering more and better quality data on the environmental impact of different policies investing in technologies , new business models , raw materials and socio - economic and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , maintaining rural viability and generating jobs and growth .


### –sustainable sea and ocean farming , fisheries and mariculture for food , including alternative sources of protein with increased food security , food sovereignty and climate resilience ; ### –sustainable sea , ocean and fresh water farming , fisheries and aquatic culture for food , including aquatic environments as alternative sources of protein with increased food security , food sovereignty and climate resilience ;


### –plant pests and diseases and animal health and welfare ; alternatives to the use of contentious pesticides , antibiotics and other substances ; ### –plant pests and diseases and animal health and welfare , including the development of integrated farming strategies ; alternatives to the use of contentious pesticides , herbicides , fungicides , antibiotics and other potentially harmful substances ; emphasis on nature - based solutions and health promoting living conditions ; research in low - risk pesticides as a way to support integrated pest management ;


### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 10 billion for the cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 . ### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported in a dedicated cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 .


### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; ### –strengthened resilience of aquatic ecosystems thereby ensuring seas , oceans ' and fresh waters health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and aquatic environment and fostering a circular approach ;


### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation 20 . current food production and consumption are largely unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to deliver sufficient safe , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , sustainability , linking land and sea , reducing food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits for consumers and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . broad lines ________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security ### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation . 20 especially the food security and sustainable production of protein is a global challenge for which answers must be found . current food production and consumption patterns are to some extent unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to be resilient and aim at carbon neutrality and deliver sufficient safe , diverse , affordable , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , economic and environmental sustainability , linking land and aquatic environments , reducing and recycling food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits to all actors of the food chain and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . agricultural technologies can provide sustainable solutions across all farming systems . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns towards nutritious and healthy diets as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . broad lines ________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute at least 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### seas and oceans ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas and oceans aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction . ### seas , oceans ' and fresh waters ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , nutrient leakage , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas , oceans and fresh waters from reaching a point of no return and in order to promote the value chains of the blue economy , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas , oceans and fresh waters aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basins , fishing districts and macro - regional strategies , including those extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of aquatic biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction .


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : ensuring that biodiversity is maintained in the face of growing demand on natural resources , sustainably manage and efficiently use natural resources from land and water - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems to increase sustainable growth of biomass and thus carbon sequestration , storage and substitution ; ensure safe food and nutrition safety and security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; support food and farming systems in implementation of agro - ecological approaches to benefit sustainable agriculture ; support income diversification in rural areas ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular bio economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### pillar i ' open science ' with the following components : ### pillar i ' open and excellent science ' with the following components :


### cluster ' food and natural resources ' ### cluster ' food and natural resources from land and sea


### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation . 20 current food production and consumption are largely unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to deliver sufficient safe , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , sustainability , linking land and sea , reducing food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits for consumers and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . _________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security ### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation . 20 current food production and consumption are largely unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to deliver sufficient safe , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , sustainability , linking land and sea , reducing food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits for producers and consumers and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns towards nutritious and healthy diets as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . _________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security


### the commission shall depart from the positions established by the scientific council in accordance with points , , , and of the first subparagraph only when it considers that the provisions of this decision have not been respected . in that case , the commission shall adopt measures to maintain continuity in the implementation of the specific programme and the achievements of its objectives , setting out the points of departure from the scientific s and duly motivating them . ### the commission shall depart from the positions established by the scientific council in accordance with points , , and of the first subparagraph only when it considers that the provisions of this decision have not been respected . in that case , the commission shall adopt measures to maintain continuity in the implementation of the specific programme and the achievements of its objectives , setting out the points of departure from the scientific s and duly motivating them .


### the erc shall operate according to the principles of scientific excellence , autonomy , efficiency , effectiveness , transparency and accountability . it shall ensure continuity with erc actions conducted under decision … / ec . ### the erc shall operate according to the principles of scientific excellence , autonomy , sound financial management , transparency and accountability . it shall ensure continuity with erc actions conducted under decision … / ec .


### –the state and value of biodiversity , terrestrial and marine ecosystems , natural capital and ecosystem services ; ### –the state and value of biodiversity , terrestrial and marine ecosystems , natural capital and ecosystem services ; including preventive chemical control ;


### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 10 billion for the cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 . ### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , fisheries and aquaculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy and common fisheries policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 16 billion for the cluster ‘ food , natural resources , seas and oceans’ for the period 2021 - 2027 .


### the objective of the eic is to identify , develop and deploy breakthrough and disruptive innovations , and support the rapid scale - up of innovative firms at eu and international levels along the pathway from ideas to market . ### the objective of the eic is to identify , develop radically new future technologies and develop and deploy breakthrough and disruptive innovations , and support the rapid scale - up of innovative firms at eu and international levels along the pathway from ideas to market .


### they will also foster participatory approaches to research and innovation , including the multi - actor approach and develop knowledge and innovation systems at local , regional , national and european levels . social innovation with citizens ' engagement and trust in innovation will be crucial to encourage new governance , production and consumption patterns . ### they will also foster participatory approaches to research and innovation , including the multi - actor approach and develop knowledge and innovation systems and the spread of excellence at local , regional , national and european levels . social innovation with citizens ' engagement and trust in innovation and food systems - through an increasing transparency of the food chain –will be crucial to encourage new governance , production and consumption patterns , which is also dependent on the information sharing by labelling of sustainable products to help the consumers to choose sustainable products and be aware of their recyclability . through this multi - actor approach along the agri - food supply chain they will work towards guaranteeing that knowledge is transferred to end - users and will involve farmers and other users of agricultural technologies and products in the process of developing and implementing innovative developments to address challenges across food systems .


### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; ### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring a good environmental status of seas and ocean , combating and mitigating the effects of human pressures like pollution , chemicals and plastics including microplastics , overfishing , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ;


### although the eu remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world , it is essentially a ' mass producer ' of knowledge with , relative to its size , comparatively few centres of excellence that standout at the world level and with large areas of average and poor performance . compared with the us and now china to some degree , the eu still tends to follow a ' distributed excellence model ' in which resources are spread across a larger number of researchers and research institutions another challenge is that in many eu countries the public sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers . these factors compound europe ' s relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent . ### although the eu remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world , it is essentially a ' mass producer ' of knowledge with , relative to its size , comparatively few centres of excellence that stand out at the world level and with large areas of average and poor performance . compared with the us and now china to some degree , the eu still tends to follow a ' distributed excellence model ' in which resources are spread across a larger number of researchers and research institutions ; while this is not a problem in itself , the situation of the eu could be strengthened with the addition of centres of excellence , chosen in a transparent and objective manner . another challenge is that in many eu countries the public sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers . these factors compound europe ' s relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent .


### in particular , programme managers will oversee the implementation of pathfinder calls , and propose evaluation rankings in view of consistent strategic portfolio of projects , expected to make essential contributions to the emergence of potential societal or economic market creating innovations . ### in particular , programme managers will oversee the implementation of pathfinder calls , and propose evaluation rankings in view of consistent strategic portfolio of projects , expected to make essential contributions to the emergence of potential societal or economic radically new future technologies or market creating innovations .


### –environmentally sustainable , circular and resource efficient food systems from land and sea , towards zero food waste throughout the entire food system , through reuse of food and biomass , recycling of food waste , new food packaging , demand for tailored and local food ; ### –environmentally , socially and economically sustainable , circular and resource efficient food systems from land and aquatic environments that take the biodiversity and ecosystem services into account , towards zero food waste throughout the entire food system , through reuse of food and biomass including production side - streams , recycling of food waste , new food packaging , demand for tailored and local food ;


### in particular , programme managers will oversee the implementation of pathfinder calls , and propose evaluation rankings in view of consistent strategic portfolio of projects , expected to make essential contributions to the emergence of potential societal or economic market creating innovations . ### in particular , programme managers will oversee the implementation of pathfinder calls , and propose evaluation rankings in view of consistent strategic portfolio of projects , expected to make essential contributions to the emergence of potential scientific , societal or economic radically new future technologies or market creating innovations .


### –sustainable biomass sourcing and production systems , focusing on high - value applications and uses , social and environmental sustainability , impact on climate and biodiversity reduction targets and overall resource efficiency ; ### –sustainable biomass sourcing and production systems , focusing on high - value applications and uses , social , economic and environmental sustainability , impact on climate and biodiversity reduction targets and overall resource efficiency ;


### –bio - based value chains , materials , including bio - inspired materials , products and processes with novel qualities , functionalities and improved sustainability , fostering the development of advanced biorefineries using a wider range of biomass ; ### –bio - based value chains , materials , including bio - inspired materials , products and processes with novel qualities , functionalities and improved sustainability , fostering the development of advanced biorefineries using a wider range of biomass including bio - waste as well as industrial waste and side - streams and exploiting advanced biomass deconstruction technologies should be developed ; ;


### –methods , technologies and tools for sustainable and resilient production in farming and forestry ; ### –methods , technologies and tools for sustainable and resilient production in farming , in forestry and in agriforestry ;


### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation 20 . current food production and consumption are largely unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to deliver sufficient safe , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , sustainability , linking land and sea , reducing food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits for consumers and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . broad lines ________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security ### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation . 20 especially the food security and sustainable production of protein is a global challenge for which answers must be found . current food production and consumption patterns are to some extent unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to be resilient and aim at carbon neutrality and deliver sufficient safe , diverse , affordable , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , economic and environmental sustainability , linking land and aquatic environments , reducing and recycling food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits to all actors of the food chain and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . agricultural technologies can provide sustainable solutions across all farming systems . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns towards nutritious and healthy diets as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . broad lines ________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security


### improving science communication . ### improving science communication and funding opportunities with a view to promoting social and political awareness of the potential of promising emerging tools and technologies .


### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to offer a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme . ### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of science and technology research and technology development , and the accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to offer a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme .


### –the state and value of biodiversity , terrestrial and marine ecosystems , natural capital and ecosystem services ; ### –the state and value of biodiversity , terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems , natural capital and ecosystem services and sustainability of primary production ;


### it is necessary to introduce the accessibility requirements in the least burdensome manner for the economic operators and the member states , notably by only including in the scope the products and services which have been thoroughly selected . ### it is necessary to introduce the accessibility requirements , while enabling all people to fully use the products and services covered by the directive , in the least burdensome manner for the economic operators and the member states , notably by only including in the scope the products and services which have been selected .


### member states may decide , in the light of national conditions , that the built environment used by clients of passenger transport services including the environment that is managed by service providers and by infrastructure operators as well as the built environment used by clients of banking services , and customer services centres and shops under the scope of telephony operators shall comply with the accessibility requirements of annex i , section x , in order to maximise their use by persons with functional limitations , including persons with disabilities . ### member states shall ensure , in the light of national conditions , that the built environment used by clients of passenger transport services including the environment that is managed by service providers and by infrastructure operators as well as the built environment used by clients of banking services , and customer services centres and shops under the scope of telephony operators , comply with the accessibility requirements of annex i , section x , in order to maximise their use by persons with functional limitations , including persons with disabilities .


### this directive should follow the principle of ' think small first ' and should take account of the administrative burdens that smes are faced with . it should set light rules in terms of conformity assessment and should establish safeguard clauses for economic operators , rather than providing for general exceptions and derogations for those enterprises . consequently , when setting up the rules for the selection and implementation of the most appropriate conformity assessment procedures , the situation of smes should be taken into account and the obligations to assess conformity of accessibility requirements should be limited to the extent that they do not pose a disproportionate burden on smes . in addition , market surveillance authorities should operate in a proportionate manner in relation to the size of undertakings and to the small serial or non - serial nature of the production concerned , without creating unnecessary obstacles for smes and without compromising the protection of public interests . ### this directive should be wide - reaching , while also taking account of the administrative burdens that smes are faced with . it should set precise and effective rules in terms of conformity assessment and economic operators could invoke safeguard clauses under exceptional circumstances only , rather than providing for general exceptions and derogations for those enterprises . exceptions to the rules of conformity assessment should be interpreted restrictively . consequently , when setting up the rules for the selection and implementation of the most appropriate conformity assessment procedures , the situation of smes should be taken into account and the obligations to assess conformity of accessibility requirements should be limited to the extent that they do not pose a disproportionate burden on smes . in addition , market surveillance authorities should operate in a proportionate manner in relation to the size of undertakings and to the small serial or non - serial nature of the production concerned , without creating unnecessary obstacles for smes and without compromising the protection of public interests .


### the entry into force of the convention in the member states’ legal orders entails the need to adopt additional national provisions on accessibility of products and services which without union action would further increase disparities between national provisions . ### the entry into force of the convention in the member states’ legal orders entails the need to adopt additional national provisions on accessibility of products , services and the built environment related to the provision of services which without union action would further increase disparities between national provisions .


### the approximation of national measures at union level is therefore necessary for the proper functioning of the internal market in order to put an end to fragmentation in the market of accessible products and services , to create economies of scale , to facilitate cross - border trade and mobility , as well as to help economic operators to concentrate resources on innovation instead of using those resources for complying with fragmented legal requirements across the union . ### the approximation of national measures at union level is therefore necessary for the proper functioning of the internal market in order to put an end to fragmentation in the market of accessible products and services , to create economies of scale , to facilitate cross - border trade , free movement of goods and services and the free movement and mobility of persons , including persons with disabilities as well as to help economic operators to concentrate resources on innovation instead of using those resources for complying with fragmented legal requirements across the union .


### in some situations , common accessibility requirements of the built environment would facilitate the free movement of the related services and of persons with disabilities . therefore , this directive enables member states to include the built environment used in the provision of the services under the scope of this directive , ensuring compliance with the accessibility requirements set in annex x . ### common accessibility requirements of the built environment are essential for the free movement of the related services and of persons with disabilities . therefore , this directive commits member states to include the built environment used in the provision of the services under the scope of this directive , ensuring compliance with the accessibility requirements set in annex x .


### key performance indicators , in particular as regards the use of the eu guarantee , the fulfilment of the objectives and criteria laid down in articles 6 and 9 and annex ii , the mobilisation of private capital , and the macro - economic impact of the efsi , including its effect on supporting investment ; ### in point , point is replaced by the following : key performance indicators , in particular as regards the use of the eu guarantee , the fulfilment of the objectives and criteria laid down in articles 6 and 9 and annex ii , the mobilisation of private capital , and the macroeconomic impact of the efsi , including its effect on supporting investment and job creation ;


### for the period after 2020 , the commission intends to put forward the necessary proposals to ensure that strategic investment will continue at a sustainable level . ### for the period after 2020 , the commission intends to put forward the necessary proposals to ensure that strategic investment will continue at a sustainable level . a comprehensive impact assessment should be made by the commission to justify a future proposal .


### the eib shall target that at least 40 % of efsi financing under the infrastructure and innovation window supports projects with components that contribute to climate action , in line with the cop21 commitments . the steering board shall provide detailed guidance to that end . ; ### the eib shall target that at least 40 % of efsi financing under the infrastructure and innovation window supports projects with components that contribute to climate action and job creation , in line with the cop21 commitments and the europe 2020 strategy . the steering board shall provide detailed guidance to that end . ;