表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。例如: The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐,富人 却过得不快乐。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics 等,例如: No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾 经去过北京。 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作 主语时,这些通常作一个整体概 念,谓语用单数形式。例如: Three years has passed since then. Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20 英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5 减4等于 1。 a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用 单数。例如: A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被 邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学 生数超过 800 人。 A number of students have gone home. The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的 眼睛十分有益。 主语为 one of , each of, every one of, any one of 加复数名词或 代词,谓语用单数。如: One of my favorite sports is basketball. Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语 词典。 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语 时,谓语与 kind, pair, glass 等一致。例如: This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。 A pair of shoes was on the desk. “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of/ all/ most/ half / the rest of + 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词取决于名词的数;若是不可数名词,用单数;若名词是复 数,则用复数。这是因为短语中 后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。 Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. Most of his time is spent on study. 代词作主语 none 与可数名词连用,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数,none 如 果代表不可数名词时谓语动 词用单数。 None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如: Is everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗? Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 疑问代词 who, what, which 作主语时,如果说话人不知道具体的 内容,谓语动词一般用单数。 Who lives next door? What’s in the bag? 并列结构作主语 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形 式; Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈 妈都是老师。 由and 连接的两个名词作主语时,一般用复数形式。 Walking and riding are good exercises. 但and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人,谓语动词用单数,这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。如: The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和 教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和 老师是两个人) and 前后的并列主语如果表示的是同一个概念,即前后合起来是一 个整体,不可割裂开来,谓语动 词依然用单数形式。 Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table.(刀叉和在一起才是完整的一副。) Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. (9A 125) 工作太多休息太少常常导致疾病。 or, either…or… , neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…, 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如: Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 Either you or I am right. 要么你要么我是对的。 当主语后面跟有 with,together with,along with,as well as, besides,except,but,like, including, in addition to, rather than 等词或介词短语时,谓语动词 由主语的单复数决定。例如: Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英 格兰。 Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一 样喜欢踢足球。 The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 与句式有关的主谓一致 由what 引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内 容是复数意义时,谓语动词一 般用复数形式,例如: What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 在地点置于句首的倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一 致。如: Here comes Simon. Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. There be 结构中,谓语动词与临近的主语一致,即“就近原则”。 例如: There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书,三 只钢笔。 关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动 词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 以下为高中阶段主谓一致内容,仅供参考。 如果主语有 more than one…或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看 是复数内容,但它的谓语动词 仍用单数形式。如: More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 主语是each/every/no+ 单数名词+and(each/every)+ 单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如: Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个 座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工 作。 Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系 代词 who/that/which 的先行词是 靠近它的复数名词而不是 one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形 式。如: This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. 但是当 one 之前有 the only 等修饰语时 , 关系代词的先行词是 one , 而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从 句的动词应是单数形式。如: She was the only one of the girls who was late.