用于第一、第三人称疑问 句中,表示说话人征求对方的意 见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。 1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you? You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. 警告 He shall be punished according to the rule. 威胁 允诺 He shall have the book when I finish it. 等我读完这本书,就会给他的。 shall: 2.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示 说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺 或威胁。 7.Making offers (提供帮助): Mom, my dirty clothes have been piled up! I don’t have time…… Don’t worry, dear, I will wash them right away. will/would: 1. 表示请求、建议等,would比 will委婉客气。 Would you like… sentence pattern Would you please… Would you mind… Would rather… will/would: 2.表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、 总是”。 1).The old man _____have a would smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work. The door won’t 2). 门就是打不开 ! open. will/would: Question: Is this sentence correct? Why? I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch. 情态动词 表示 “意愿” 8.Giving advice (提出意见): How delicious! !! You should not/ought not to eat so much before running. should: 1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令, 其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中, 通常用should代替ought…to。 Should I open the window? We should learn from each 我们应当要相互学习。 other. ought to have done sth.\should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做; 否定 句表示“不该做某事而做了”。 You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。) 注: ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 should: 2.情态动词should用于第一人称时 可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客 气、委婉的语气。 Rose—Sure. By the way, who is your idol? Jack—Liu Xiang, I should say. I should advise you not to do that again. should: 3. should表示意外或惊讶 常译为 “居然,竟然”。 I can’t believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人 如此无礼。 should: 4. should 表示猜测时,一般指按经验或逻 辑判断,翻译成“照说应该,估计,想 必” ? ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need 3. have to和must 1) 两词都是“必须”的意思, have to 表 示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上 的看法, 即主观上的必要。 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而 must 只有一种形式。但must 可用 于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 3) 在否定结构中:don’t have to 表示“不必”;mustn’t 表示”禁 止”。 You don’t have to tell him about it. needn’t 没必要 ( =about don’t it. have to ) You mustn’t tell him can’t 不能; 不可能 may not 可能不 shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to ) 8. You ______ C return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t C. needn’t B. mustn’t D. may not 9. Johnny, you _____play with the knife, B you _____hurt yourself. A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t 10.(NMET 2006 浙江 19) --- Could I have a word with you, mum? --- Oh dear, if you _____. B ? A. can B. must ? C. may D. should used to / would used to表达存在于过去 但现在不再存在的一种习惯 或情况。 Jack used to live in Chicago. Used to表达过去存在的某 种情况时,would不能替 代它。 I used to live in California. They used to have a Ford. would可以用于表达过去定期 重复的一个动作。 表达这个概念时,would 和 used to 相同。 When I was a child, my father would / used to read me a story at night before bed. 9. need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情 态动词用。