在稿子退修时, 《遗传》编辑部 寄给我们一篇 1999 年发表在 Science 杂志上的论文 复印件, 希望我们充实稿件的内容。那篇文章通过 黄瓜和西葫芦嫁接实验, 证明特定的 mRNA 分子可 以通过韧皮部在植物体内长距离运输 25]。我们试图 mRNA与达尔文假设的遗传分子联系起来 不久读了一些医学文献资料,才知道血液中也有循 RNA,就把达尔文的微芽理解为 circul ati ng DNA RNA”。后来在修改一篇投往 Trends PlantScience 的稿件时, 一位审稿人建议 我们把达尔文的微芽理解为“ ci rcul ati ng DNA yetunknown mol ecul es” 27]。我们认为这个建议 是有道理的。后来我们还注意到, 现代科学文献中 的小分子 RNA(smal RNAs)或微RNA(mi croRNAs) 和朊病毒(pri 也与达尔文所说的微芽有颇多的相似之处 。当然,如何用现代的分子生物学知识去 理解达尔文所谓的微芽, 还需要进一步讨论。我们 仅仅对泛生论作了一些初步的探讨, 有些想法可能 有片面性甚至是错误的, 只是希望起些抛砖引玉的 作用。达尔文的泛生论在沉寂了一个多世纪之后, 如果我们用现代的遗传学知识去重新审视它, 相信 不仅在遗传学史研究方面有重要价值, 而且在遗传 学、医学和进化生物学等研究领域都有重要意义 684HEREDITAS ijing)2013 参考文献(References): Circul ati ng nucl ei acids evolution. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 2012, 12(Suppl.): 113–117. DOI variati animal plants under do- mesti cati Landon:John Murray, 1868. DOI newperspecti ve BiolRev, 2008, 83(2): 141–149. DOI LandmanOE. nheritance acquired characteri sti cs. Annu Rev Genet, 1991, 25(1): 1–20. DOI MorganTH. gene.New Haven: Yal Universi ty Press, 1926: 29. DOI Nature,1871, 3(78): 502–503. DOI TchangTR, Shi XB, Pang YB. nducedmonster ci atetransmi tted through three hundred moregenerati ons. Sci Sin, 1964, 13(5): 850–853. DOI Grimes GW, Mckenna ME, Kol dsmi th-Spoegl er CM, Knaupp EA. Patterni ng dependentprocesses hypotrich ci ates.Science, 1980, 209(4453): 281–283. DOI LandmanOE. Inheri tance acquired characteri sti cs re- vi si ted. Bioscience, 1993, 43(10): 696–705. DOI [10] Li freshrevi ew nheritance acquired characteri sti cs. EMBO Rep, 2007, 798–803.DOI [11] Rechavi Minevi ch Transgenerational heritance acquired smal RNA-basedanti vi ral re- sponse elegans.Cell, 2011, 147(6): 1248–1256. DOI [12] Ohta mechanism nducedgeneti higher pl ants. Euphytica, 1991, 55(1): 91–99. DOI [13] Tal Hirata Yagishi ta Kita Graft-induced geneti nheritance sev-eral characteri sti cs pepper(Capsicum annuum TheorAppl Genet, 1998, 97(56): 705–713. DOI [14] 接穗郁李影响杏砧变异的实验.遗传, 1999, 21(4): 43–44. DOI [15] Zhou XM, Li YS,Li XJ. Short communi cati confirma- ti purple-l eaved pl um graft hybri GenetMol Res, 2013, 12(1): 710–713. DOI [16] 嫁接杂交与果树遗传的特殊性. 遗传, 2004, 26(5): 705–710. DOI [17] Li YS.Hi stori cal moderngeneti cs plant graft hy- bri di zati AdvGenet, 2006, 56: 101–129. DOI [18] Stegemann material tweencel plant ti ssue grafts. Science, 2009, 324(5727): 649–651. DOI [19] Stroun Prehistory circul ati ng nucl ei acids plasma/serum (CNAPS): Bi rth hy-pothesi AnnNY Acad Sci, 2006, 1075(1): 10–20. DOI [20] Anker PD, Jachetz Maurice PA, Stroun Nudemi ce njected wi th DNA rel eased antigen sti mul ated human tl ymphocytes produce speci fi antibodi es expressi ng hu- man characteri sti cs. Cell Biochem Funct, 1984, 33–37. DOI [21] Garci a-Ol mo DC, Domi ngguez Garcia-Arranz Garcia-Verdugo JM, Garci a-Ol mo -freenucl ei acids ci rcul ati ng plasma rectalcancer pati ents susceptibl cultured cel CancerRes, 2010, 70(2): 560–567. DOI [22] Lo YM, Corbetta Chamberlai PF,Rai SargentIL, Redman CW, Wai nscoat JS. Presence fetalDNA ma-ternal pl asma serum.Lancet, 1997, 350(9076): 485– 487. DOI [23] Li YS.Tel egony, sire effect heritance medi ated histori cal overvi ew modernmechani sti speculati ons. Reprod Dom Anim, 2011, 46(2): 338–343. DOI [24] 接穗郁李影响杏砧变异的实验”的解释. 2000,22(6): 401–402. DOI [25] Xoconostl e-Czarers Xiang Ruiz-Medrano WangHL, Monzer YooBC, Mcfarl KC,Franceschi LucasWJ. Pl ant paral og viral movement protei potentiates transport phloem. Science, 1999, 283(5398): 94–98. DOI [26] Li uYS. Further evi dence RivBiol, 2004, 97(1): 53–66. DOI [27] Li YS.Reversi going back works.Trends Plant Sci, 2005, 10(10): 459–460. DOI [28] Li YS,Li XJ. Darwi molecul ar medi cine. Trends Mol Med, 2012, 18(9): 506–508. DOI