1.some, any, every, no都能和one, body, thing一起构成代词,这些代词叫复合不定代词。它们基本含义为:指人 somebodysomeone 某人anybody 、anyone :任何人everybody 、everyone:每人nobody 、no one :没人指物 Something某物某事 anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing没东西2. 一般情况下,some构成的复合不定代词,其作用和some相同,用于肯定句;any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句;no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义,用于否定句。如:① I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。② He didn’t say anything at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上他没发言。③ Everybody likes swimming. 每个人都喜欢游泳。④ There is nothing wrong with your ears.你耳朵没毛病。3. something可用于提建议或请求的问句中,以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。如:Would you like something to eat? 你要吃点东西吗?4. 复合不定代词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。5. 不定代词的定语要后置。如:Is there anything important in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗?一般的,不定代词(包括复合不定代词)在句子中,通常用第三人称单数形式6。复合不定代词的否定。1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定,意为“并非都,不都”。例如:Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如:He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听,但什么也没听到。= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话,是吗?= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?1.不定式是英语动词的一种形式。它在许多情况下可省略"to",它不同于汉语动词,汉语动词只有一种形式。如:我看书。她看书。但英语要说“看”必须根据主语的人称,动作发生的时间等确定其形式。如:1)I read a book. 2)She reads a book.1)句中的“read”是一般现在时第一人称的动词定式。2)句中的“reads”是一般现在时第三人称单数的动词定式。I want to read a book./She wants to read a book.我想要看书。她想要看书。其中的“看”不易确定其形式。因为动作还未发生,因此称不定式。通俗的说,就是“不一定是什么形式”2.不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, aren't they?What a smell, isn't it?12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。This is our new headmaster, isn’t it?Those are Japanese, aren’t they?One should be ready to help others, shouldn’t one?One can’t be too careful, can you?Each of the students has a dictionary, hasn’t he?Each of the students passed the examination, didn’t they?None of his money is left, is it?None of his friends are interested, are they?None of his friends has come, has he?Something will have to be done about the price, won’t it?Everybody is kind to you, aren’t they?No one left here yesterday, did they?Someone turned that radio down, don’t they?Neither side could win, could they?Everything that he says is false, isn’t it?I am older than you, aren’t I / ain’t I?I am working now, ain’t I / am I not?I wish to see the movie now, may I?I wish I were you, may I?16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。He must be there now, isn't he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分I aren't IWish may +主语no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义rarely, little等否定含义的词ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语had better + v. hadn't youwould rather + v. wouldn't +主语you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句中 be +主语Neither…nor,either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定并列主语指示代词或不定代词everything,that, 主语用itnothing,this并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 复数they,单数he情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词do +主语省去主语的祈使句will you?Let's 开头的祈使句Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式不定代词做主语谓语动词用单数must表"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句题目(第一阶段)1.I have two pens . One is red , is blue . A. the other B. others C. other D. another2. There wrong with my radio .A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something3. I’m not busy . I haven’t to do .A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything4. His parents are doctors . A. each B. all C. both D. no one5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London, two are from New York .A. other B. the other C. others D. the others6. Mary wanted to have a word with Tom . She had to tell him .A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important7. There wrong with the machine .A. aren’t something B. aren’t anything C. isn’t something D. isn’t anything8. My parents and I are interested in music . A. both B. all C. neither D. no9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor . A. the other B. other C. others D. the others10. You may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustn’t lend it to . A. other B. others C. the others D. the others11. I study Chinese , English and some subjects . A. other B. the other C. others D. the others 12. Do they often talk to each in English ? A. others B. the other C. Other D. the others13. Would you like milk ? A. some B. any C. little D. a few14. Mary sings better than of he girls in her classroom . She sings best . A. some B. any C. most D. one15. All the students had gone out . There was in the classroom . A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody16. Now , is here . Let’s begin our meeting . A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody17. has taken my pencil by mistake . I can’t find it . A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody18. Did they find in the garden ? No , they found there .A. anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody C. anybody , somebody D. everybody ,anybody19. She made mistakes in her exercises . A. any B. another C. no D. one20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members .A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one21.The students have on Sunday .A. no any class B. not class C. no classes D. no any class22. There isn’t on playground .A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people23. If you need a rubber , I’ll lend you . A. some B. one C. another D. the one24. We have books to read . A. many B. much C. a lot D. any25. We study Chinese , English and some subjects . A. other B. others C. the other D. the others26. is here today except Li Ping .A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Nobody27. Is there in the library ? Yes, is in .A. somebody , anybody B. anybody , nobody C. anybody , somebody D. anybody , everybody28. I was too tired to do work . A. some B. any C. each D. either29. I don’t like this one . Would you please show me one . A. other B. the other C. another D. others 30. Mike is stronger than in his class .A. any boys B. any boy C. any other boy D. other boy31. The farmers are very glad to have apple harvest . A. other B. the other C. another D. others32. of the books is yours . They are mine . A. Both B. Either C. All D. Neither33. He is lazy .He never does work . A. many B. no C. some D. any34. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner , but of them came . A. neither B. both C. either D. none35. He is busy . He has got work to do . A. some B. any C. no D. a few36. Would you like some wine ? Yes . Just . A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit37. Is here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 38. The days in summer are longer than in winter . A. that B. one C. those D. these39. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, you’ll have to pay $80. A. another B. other C. others D. the other参考答案(第一阶段)1---5 ADDCB 6---10 DDBCB 11---15 ACABC 16---20 BAACC 21---25 CABAA 26---30 BCBCC 31---35 CDDAA 36---39 CCCA题目(第二阶段)不定代词1. I have two pens . One is red , is blue .A. the other B. others C. other D. another2. There wrong with my radio .A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something3. I’m not busy . I haven’t to do .A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything4. His parents are doctors .A. each B. all C. both D. no one5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London,two are from New York .A.other B. the other C. others D. the others6. Mary wanted to have a word with Tom . She hadto tell him .A.important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important7. There wrong with the machine .A. aren’t something B. aren’t anything C. isn’t something D. isn’t anything8. My parents and I are interested in music .A. both B. all C. neither D. no9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor .A. the other B. other C. others D. the others10. You may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustn’t lend it to .A. other B. others C. the others D. the others11. I study Chinese , English and some subjects .A. other B. the other C. others D. the others12. Do they often talk to each in English ?A. others B. the other C. Other D. the others13. Would you like milk ?A. some B. any C. little D. a few14. Mary sings better than of he girls in her classroom . She sings best .A. some B. any C. most D. one15. All the students had gone out . There was in the classroom .A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody16. Now , is here . Let’s begin our meeting .A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody17. has taken my pencil by mistake . I can’t find it .A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody18. Did they find in the garden ? No , they foundthere .A.anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody C. anybody , somebody D. everybody , anybody19. She made mistakes in her exercises .A. any B. another C. no D. one20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members .A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one21.The students have on Sunday .A. no any class B. not class C. no classes D. no any class22. There isn’t on playground .A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people23. If you need a rubber , I’ll lend you .A. some B. one C. another D. the one24. We have books to read .A. many B. much C. a lot D. any25. We study Chinese , English and some subjects .A. other B. others C. the other D. the others26. is here today except Li Ping .A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Nobody27. Is there in the library ? Yes, is in .A. somebody , anybody B. anybody , nobody C. anybody , somebody D. anybody , everybody28. I was too tired to do work .A. some B. any C. each D. either29. I don’tlike this one . Would you please show me one .A. other B. the other C. another D. others30. Mike is stronger than in his class .A. any boys B. any boy C. any other boy D. other boy31. The farmers are very glad to have apple harvest .A. other B. the other C. another D. others32. of the books is yours . They are mine .A. Both B. Either C. All D. Neither33. He is lazy .He never does work .A. many B. no C. some D. any34. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner , but of them came .A. neither B. both C. either D. none35. He is busy . He has got work to do .A. some B. any C. no D. a few36. Would you like some wine ? Yes . Just .A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit37. Is here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody38. The days in summer are longer than in winter .A. that B. one C. those D. these39. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, you’ll have to pay $80.A. another B. other C. others D. the other