关系代词that和which都可以引导定语从句,他们所代替的先行词都是事物的名词或代词。我们知道which引导的定语从句在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,that引导的定语从句在句子中也可以作主语、宾语或表语。但是关系代词that和which引导的定语从句还是有所区别的,小编总结出一下四种类型的定语从句只能用that引导。
第一、当先行词是不定代词时,如all,much,something,anything,everything,little,none等词时,定语从句引导词多为that
例1:Tell me everything that you know about it.把你知道的都告诉我。
第二、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或由下面词汇修饰时,应该用that
这些词分别是:first,the only,last,any,few,same,no,some
例2:To face fear is the only method that really works.去面对恐惧是唯一真正行之有效的方法。先行词method由the only修饰,所以应该用that;
例3:The present moment is the best gift that you can give yourself。当前的时光是你能给自己的最好礼物。先行词gift由最高级best修饰,此时应该用that;
第三、当关系代词在限定性从句中用作表语的时候,需要用that
例4:He is not the simple-minded man that he was five years ago.他不再是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。
第四、当并列的两个先行词分别指人或物的时候,需要用that
例5:He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.
他看着车上的孩子和包裹。
以上四种是我们经常遇到的只能用that引导的定语从句种类,当然,关系代词that有的时候可以省略,有的时候必须保留。首先,如果that的先行词是all,nobody,no one,someone,somebody等不定代词时,that往往可以省略;其次,当先行词是最高级形式时,that也可以省略;最后,关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语时,that也可以省略。但是,that在定语从句中作主语的时候,则不可以省略。
实例练习
1、Once they had fame,fortune,secure futures;____ is utter poverty.
A. now that all is left B. now all that is left
C. now all which is left D.now all what is left
2、I have never taken anything ____ didn't belong to me.
A. what B. who
C.that D. it
答案
1、先行词为all,所有只能用that,排除C,D,that引导一个从句修饰限定all,要放在all的后面,所以A错,选B
2、先行词为不定代词anything,所以应该用关系代词that引导,选C