英语中,有些动词可以以主动形式表示被动意义。如果认真掌握形式主动、意义被动的用法,可避免翻译和理解上的错误。这里将这一语法点详述如下:
1.表示“需要”意思的一些动词,如need, require, want等后接动名词时,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The flowers want watering.
这些花需要浇水。
2.write, drive, sell, paint, wash, wear, open, read, cut等动词跟well, easily等副词连用时,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The car drives well.
这车很好开。
3.某些日常用语和行业用语中,常用动词主动形式的进行时表示被动意义,像do, cook, print, copy, build等词。如:
The meat is cooking.
肉正在炖。
4.表示“发生、传播”意义的动词,如happen, take place, break out, spread等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The news spread in a small village.
消息在一个小村庄传开了。
5.有些连系动词和感官动词如seem, appear, get, smell, taste, sound, remain等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
He appears clever.
他似乎很聪明。
6.一些形容词如easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, dangerous, handsome, pleasant等后接不定式的主动形式来表示被动意义。如:
The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题难回答。
7.在短语“be worth doing”中doing与该句的主语为动宾关系,也是主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The song is worth singing.
这首歌很值得唱。
8.too… to…结构中,不定式以主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The place is too far to reach.
这个地方远得没法到达。
9.不定式修饰句子主语时,以主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The next step for us to take is to set up a school.
我们下一步要建立一所学校。
巩固练习:
1.This is not easy _________________.
A.to be explaining
B.to be explained
C.to explain
D.explained
2.They considered it a right thing ______________.
A.to do
B.to be doing
C.to be done
D.done
3.The production here ___________________ a lot.
A.has been improved
B.is improved
C.has improved
D.is improving
4.Sheep ______________________ chiefly on grass.
A.feed
B.feeding
C.was fed
D.were fed
5.Those books which __________________ often _______________ well.
A.are well received; are sold
B.are well received; sell
C.well received; sell
D.were well received; sell
6.The thief ________________ when he was stealing a wallet from a woman.
A.happened to notice
B.was happened to notice
C.was happened to be noticed
D.happened to be noticed
7.The Chinese Communist Party ___________________ in Shanghai in 1921.
A.was found
B.found
C.was founded
D.founded
8.—Do you like the material?
—Yes, it ____________________ very soft.
A.is feeling
B.felt
C.feels
D.is felt
Key:
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A
5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C