参考文献:1, D avid H ill & Susan H olden: (ed) Effective Teaching and Learning,M odern Engl i sh Publ i cati ons, 19902, H .G . W i ddow son: Aspects of Language Teachi ng, Shanghai Forei gnLanguage Education Press, 19993, H . H . Stern: Issues and O pti ons i n Language Teachi ng, ShanghaiForei gn Language Educati on Press, 19964, N .S. Prabhu: Second Language Pedagogy, O xford U ni versi ty Press,19875, Rod El l i s: Second Language Acqui si ti on and Language Pedagogy,M ultilingual M atters, 19926, Sack C. Ri chards and Theodore S. Rodgers: Approaches andM ethods i n Language Teachi ng: A descri pti on and anal ysi s, Cam bri dgeU niversity Press, 19917, W e del l . M . : Language Teachi ng and Learni ng: From Theory toPractice, H igher Education Press, 19958, 樊长荣, 1999, 外语教学中的折中主义, 《外语教学与研究》第二期9,张治英, 2000, 外语教学法的优化选择与综合运用, 《外语教学》第一期□1995年, 博耶尔(Boyer, E.)对美国的一些基础学校进行调查研究,发表了题为《基础学校:学习的共同体》 (The basi c school: a com m uni ty of l earni ng ) 报告, 并在该报告中首先提出了学习共同体的概念。