摘要:为全面评估农业生产的碳收支状况,并为农业碳减排提出切实可行的对策建议,采用19782009年的中国各种农作物产量和农业投入等统计数据,运用碳源/汇估算模型对我国农业生产碳收支进行了初步的核算和分析。结果发现,中国农业活动的碳吸收明显大于碳排放,这说明总体而言我国是农业“碳汇”区,但各省区碳收支空间差异明显,部分沿海发达地区碳排放量大,净碳汇表现为负值,这表明发达地区有较高的农业投入。因此,应重点从促进土壤固碳、改变耕作方式和施肥方式、加强土地节约集约利用等方面促进农业碳减排。
关键词:碳收支;碳减排;农业生产;中国
中图分类号: X511 文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2012.04.022
Research on Carbon Budget Estimation of Agricultural Activities and Emission Mitigation Countermeasures in China
LIU Ying1 , ZHAO Rong-qin2, CHEN Tao3, ZHANG Jin-ke4, JIAO Shi-xing5
(1. College of Civil Construction Engineering, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, Zhengzhou,Henan 450015, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou,Henan 450011, China;3. Henan Institute of Land Surveying and Planning, Zhengzhou ,Henan 450000,China;4. Zhengzhou Committee of Agricultural and Rural Work, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000,China;5. College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Anyang Teachers College, Anyang, Henan 455000,China)
Abstract: In order to systematically assess the carbon budget of agricultural production, and to provide advices and countermeasures for carbon emission reduction in agricultural sector, using statistic data of crop yield and agricultural consumption of China from 19782009, this paper estimated the carbon budget of agricultural activities. The results showed that the total carbon sink, carbon emission and net carbon sink increased since 1978, and the carbon sink was obviously higher than carbon emission, which meaned that China was an agricultural “carbon sink” area. It was quite different on carbon budget among different regions. In general, the costal developed region had higher carbon emission, and the net carbon sink was negative, which indicated that the developed region had high agricultural inputs. Therefore, agricultural carbon emission reduction should be promoted through soil carbon sequestration, changing cultivated mode and fertilizing mode and saving and intensive land use.
Key words: carbon budget;carbon emission reduction;agricultural activities;China
在全球变暖和国际碳减排压力的背景下,发展低碳经济成为我国实现经济社会可持续发展的重要途径。低碳经济的发展涉及到社会生活的不同产业层面,其中,农业活动在区域碳循环中具有重要的地位和作用,一方面,大气中20%的CO2、70%的CH4和90%的N2O来源于农业活动及其相关过程[1],另一方面,农作物生长过程可以吸收大量的碳,其碳储量达170 Pg,占全球陆地碳储量的10%以上[2]。因此,国内外逐渐开展了关于农业和农田碳汇问题的研究[2-9],但国内外相关研究对于农业活动是碳源或是碳汇还存在着争议,据Cole[3]估计,在未来的50~100年内,全世界农田可固定20~30 Pg碳,另据Lal[4]研究,全球耕地总的固碳潜力为0.75~1.0 Pg?a-1。刘允芬[6]通过研究发现,农业生态系统是碳汇而非碳源。方静云等[10]则认为,由于作物的收获期较短,作物生物量的碳汇效果并不明显。一些学者近年来开展了对我国不同区域农田生态系统碳源/汇的研究,如韩冰等[9]对我国农田土壤的固碳潜力进行了测算,认为我国农业措施的固碳潜力为182.1 Tg?a-1,赵荣钦等[11]研究发现,中国沿海地区农田生态系统碳吸收总量为22 482.4万t,而且碳吸收明显大于碳排放。另外,罗怀良[12]和鲁春霞等[13]也曾对我国农田生态系统植被碳蓄积量进行了测算,段华平[14]对我国农田生态系统的碳足迹进行了分析。以上研究,对于了解农业生产的碳源/汇特征提供了较好的思路借鉴。 总体而言,以上研究侧重于对中国部分区域农田生态系统碳源/汇的测算,而对全国层面农业生产的碳收支及减排对策的研究还需要进一步加强。鉴于此,笔者采用19782009年的数据,分析了中国农业活动的碳收支状况及其变化特征,并探讨了不同省级区域的碳收支的差异,提出了农业生产的碳减排对策和建议。