第五章 自动变速器及电子控制 2003-2010欧洲变速器市场分析 6% CVT 18% AT Sporty MT TOTAL A 18.12857 AT MT AMT DCT (C)VT 18.48571 AT MT AMT DCT (C)VT B 0.9 0% 48% 50% 2% 1.1 0% 48% 50% 2% 4.9 10% 40% 35% 5% 10% 5.7 0% 55% 20% 10% 15% AMT 14% C 4.9 0% 30% 15% 30% 25% 5.7 3% 30% 12% 30% 25% DCT 23% D 2.7 30% 17% 0% 35% 18% 2.0 30% 17% 0% 35% 18% AT 13% E 2.2 58% 2% 0% 35% 5% 1.5 63% 2% 0% 30% 5% CVT 17% F/G 0.6 23% 30% 15% 30% 2% 0.5 23% 30% 15% 30% 2% SUV 0.6 50% 5% 0% 35% 10% 0.7 50% 5% 0% 35% 10% MPV 1.3 8% 22% 15% 35% 20% 1.3 14% 26% 10% 30% 20% TOTALS 3.1 4.9 3.2 4.3 2.7 2.36 6.26 2.58 4.21 3.07 % 17% 27% 18% 24% 15% 13% 35% 14% 23% 17% AMT MT 35% Responsive, High Feature Restricted to left side due to shift quality MEDIUM SECTOR AT growth followed by DCT & CVT growth driven by efficiency as well as functionality 2010 DCT 49% 16% AMT C,D 11% Budget Simplicity, Low Cost Luxurious A, B E Refined, Low Volume, High Feature 车辆变速器技术展望 Market ZF 6HP26 Nissan Prediction : Europe XTronic ?Increase in automated Japan shifting VAG DSG ?Technology Rationalisation by US market and sector Influences ?CO2 Wide ratio automated transmissions ?Customer Acceptance Shift Quality ?Cost 165 EU ACEA CO2 Utilise existing plant g/km Reduction in MT volumes <150 Nm AMT and CVT >150 Nm DCT and 6AT <250 Nm CVT >250 Nm Stepped 6AT 6AT CAFE CO2 penalty ? 140 g/km Technologies Manual Transmission AMT-1 (Torque Interrupt) AMT-2 (Dual Clutch Transmission) 350 Nm Capacity CVT AT - 4 speed AT - 5 speed AT - 6 speed Series EV/Hybrid Transmissions Parallel Hybrid Transmissions CVT-2 (Split-Path) CVT-3 (Electric Variator) GM-Ford FWD 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 3 为什么要发展自动变速器 ?减少驾驶员劳动强度 ?降低油耗、减少排放 (1)燃油经济性万有特性图 140 120 254 100 254 260 270 280 140 120 100 100 150 80 30 NOx排放率g/kw.h 20 燃油消耗率g/kw.h 600 500 400 300 200 100 50 发动机转矩Nm 10 0 150 100 50 发动机转矩Nm 0 0 2000 发动机转速rpm 6000 4000 (2)CO排放万有特图 350 45 450 300 0 250 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 发动机转速rpm 转矩(Nm) 80 60 40 20 转矩Nm 300 330 360 400 500 60 40 20 50 500 50 CO排 放 率 g/kw.h 400 300 200 100 0 150 100 6000 50 发 动 机 转 矩 Nm 0 0 4000 2000 发 动 机 转 速 rpm 0 1000 2000 发动机转速(rpm) 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 发动机转速(rpm) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 19.5 17.1 24.2 26.6 26.6 (3)HC排放万有特图 140 120 100 (4)NOx排放万有特图 转矩Nm 3.5 60 40 20 5 4.5 4 3 1.5 1 0.5 5. 5 1000 2000 3000 4000 转矩Nm 80 0 0 发动机转速(rpm) 5000 6000 1000 2000 发动机转速(rpm) 3000 4000 5000 6000 自动变速器概述 一、自动变速器的分类 1)液力式自动变速器(AT ,automatic transmission) 2) 无级自动变速 (CVT, Continuously Variable Transmission) 3)机械式自动变速器(AMT,Automated Mechanical Transmission) 4)双离合自动变速器(DCT,Dual Clutch Transmission) ?液控自动变速器 ?电控自动变速器 ?电控液动 ?电控电动 电子控制与液压控制相比具有明显的 优势 ? 实现的更复杂多样的控制功能,提高变速器的性能 ? 简化液压控制结构 ? 借助于软硬结合实现产品具有适应结构参数变化的特性 ? 汽车传动系的电子控制可以与发动机、制动系、安全气囊等 系统通过总线,资源共享,实现整体控制,进一步简化控制结构 。 ? 容易实现集手动——自动于一体控制的自动变速器 机械式自动变速器