注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
(4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如:
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building
B.build
C.be built
D.built
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:
Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:
The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被 so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修饰。试比较:
He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化)
be made from由……制作(发生化学变化