名词性从句知识:主语从句用法详解 一、主语从句的引导词 主语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型 what 引导。 1. that 引导 That he is still alive is a wonder. That we shall be late is certain. That he should have ignored the working class was natural. That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。 That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。 2. whether 引导 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。 Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 3. 连接代词引导 Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。 Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。 4. 连接副词引导 When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。 How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。 Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 5. 关系代词型 what 引导 What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 What I want to know is this. What’s done is done. 事已成定局。 What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。 What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。 What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。 What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。 What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。 名词性从句知识:宾语从句用法详解 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型 what 引导: 1. that 引导 We believe that he is honest. The doctor insists that I give up smoking I suggest that we should go tomorrow. I suggested that we should go the next day. We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求 5 日内付款。 2. whether / if 引导 I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. I didn’t know whether they liked the place. I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。 He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. I wonder if it’s large enough. She didn’t say if he was still alive. 3. 连接代词引导 I don’t know who you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’ll do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。 You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么,你自己也不知道。 Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。 4. 连接副词引导 He asked why he had to go alone. You don’t know when you are lucky. I asked how he was getting on. He knows where they live. Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗? I’d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。 We didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion. 名词性从句知识:表语从句用法详解 一、表语从句的引导词 引导表语从句的词有连词 that, whether,连接代词和连接副词,关系代词型 what,以及 as if, as though, because 等连词。 1. 由 that 引导 The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。 My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。 2. 由 whether 引导 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的 if 却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 由连接代词引导 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is who (m) we should trust. What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 4. 由连接副词引导 The problem is how we can find him. That was when I was fifteen. That’s where I first met her. That’s why he didn’t come. That’s why I object to the plan. That’s where you are wrong. 5. 由关系代词型 what 引导 That’s what I want to stress. That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。 Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。 He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。 6. 由 as if / as though 引导 It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。 名词性从句知识:同位语从句用法详解 一、同位语从句的引导词 引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词 that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。 1. 由 that 引导 We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。 The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。 I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。 The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。 【注意 1】在某些名词(如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如: They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。 They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。 2. 由 whether 引导 There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。 Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。 The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。 We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。 【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但 if 不能引导同位语从句。 3. 由连接代词引导 Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? 4. 由连接副词引导 I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。 He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。 You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!