张兴柱.小学语文阅读教学创造性思维的培养[J].教育革新,2007. [2]李桂莲.浅谈小学语文阅读教学中的学法指导[J].教材与教法,2006. [3]肖烘艳.小学语文朗读训练的优化[J].四川职业技术学院学报,2007.阅读教是多种多样的,教师要根据教材和学生的水平,指导学生采用多种阅读方法,以提高阅读的有效性。 1.训练学生掌握各种基本的阅读方法 阅读有范读、领读、讲读、朗读、默读、背诵等。范读是给学生阅读做示范,激发学生的摹仿兴趣。如我在教学二年级下册21.《画家和牧童》时,在大家评论戴嵩的画时,不同的人物在评论画时的语气和也是不一样的,商人大誓渲染,教书先生极力赞扬肯定,小牧童直言面对戴嵩则对待小牧童态度和蔼,诚恳的接受牧童的问题,我读好了,学生的兴趣提高了,喜欢读了,就会读了。另外,背诵是我国传统的语文学习方法,背诵有助于加深对课文的感受和理解,积累语言材料,提高读写能力和发展记忆力。在教学中,教师根据文章的长短可以采用整体背诵(如诗歌、短文)和分步背诵(长的课文),调动学生背书的积极性。课后,教师还可以开展背诵、会、读报等比赛,看哪个学生的课外知识最丰富、了解得最多,并对了解最多的学生给予精神鼓励和物质奖励。 通过教给阅读方法,运用阅读比赛激发学生阅读兴趣,强化了学生良好的范文背诵习惯,锻炼了他们的记忆力,并逐步提高了他们的写作水平。 2.指导学生掌握良好的阅读技巧 在阅读中,指导学生变换方法阅读,并从阅读中不仅养成眼到、口到、心到的基本方法,还要培养学生一边读一边动笔圈、点、画、记的习惯。要求学生从小形成认真读书的习惯,做到在读中求知,在读中求解,逐渐养成初读—细读—深读—熟读的好习惯。让他们在阅读中了解课文内容,学习生字新词,理解作者的思路、写作方和课文中心,借鉴写作技巧,还可以指导学生速读—回读—精读—背诵。如文章较长,可采用先“速读”,大概了解主要人物和事件,再根据课后的作业或老师的提问进行“回读”,反复阅读疑难部分,从中找出答案。文章中写得精彩的段落,让学生仔细阅读,反复地“精读”,并从中读出味道,读出自己的感受,然后“背诵”。 在课后教师组织学生每周看一本好书、写一篇读书笔记或读书心得。利用班级里的宣传墙报和远程教育网的班级主页展示学生们精彩的作品,从而提高学生读课外书的兴趣。 培养学生必要的课外阅读能力 《新课标、新理念下的阅读教学》规定小学第三阶段的阅读要“利用图书馆、网络等信息渠道进行探究性阅读,扩展自己的阅读面,课外阅读不少于100万字”。要让学生根据其中的阅读形式自觉并积极地投入到阅读活动中,顺利完成阅读任务,提高学生的阅读能力就显得尤其重要。其中关键是要把好课中或课外的“牵引”关,让学生在教师巧妙语言的“牵引”下,带着浓厚的兴趣,走进课外阅读世界,去感受更广阔的天空。 如教师在教学《雷锋叔叔,你在哪里》这一课时,同学们通过诗歌了解了一些雷锋的事迹,可是我又说,你们知道吗?雷锋出差一千里,好事做了一火车,你们想知道他做的其他好事吗?你们可以去看看《雷锋的日记》,《雷锋的故事》或看《雷锋》电影,你会从中找到答案的。学生听了这段极具启发引导性的语言,一定会产生一种“没吃饱”的感觉和“再探究”的欲望。 由于时空的距离,当今少年儿童对中国的抗日战争、解放战争、土地革命等历史都比较陌生。课堂上教师有限的介绍也只能让学生“云里雾里”、不能达到“人同此心”的境界。不少教师在上完《马背上的小红军》、《金色的鱼钩》这类课文后,都觉得学生的思想境界不能达到预定的高度。课后,教师可充满感情地说:“你知道多少生命、多少英魂,为了革命、为了中国人民的解放事业,被这茫茫草地吞噬吗?二万五千里长征的路上又有多少感人的故事等着我们去读啊!同学们,行动起来吧!”这番激励性的语言一定会激发学生再探究的欲望。学生会利用图书馆、历史文化博物馆、网络等信息渠道去寻找红军的足迹,更加真切地感受英烈忠魂舍生忘死的精神品质,能更深地体会作者所表达的思想感情。在此基础上,教师利用班会课时间举行读书报告会、英雄事迹介绍会、英雄事迹网络图片展览等,提供交流的平台。这样不仅促进了学生之间的相互学习,更激发了学生强烈的求知欲。 利用情景教学培养学生的阅读兴趣 经过一系列的课外书阅读、信息资料的查阅、历史博物馆的参观后,在班级内开展阅读竞赛、阅读之星评选、读后感好作品评选展示,在学生的作品当中清晰可见学生们写作的进步、掌握素材积累的方法、绘画与文体巧妙和谐的结合。学生的自觉学习胜过教师的百般讲解。教师有目的地设计巧妙语言,利用教学文本引发学生的课外阅读兴趣,既巩固了学生的课内知识,又丰富了学生的阅历。 我在教学中主要采用了以下方式来激发学生的兴趣。 一是抓住上课伊始的有利时机,引发学生的阅读兴趣。以精彩的开场白或话题引发起学生浓厚的兴趣,激起学生的好奇心和想象力,使之进入最佳状态,为整堂课拉开序幕。 二是以和谐的课堂气氛保护学生的阅读兴趣。语文教学不仅是一个认识过程,而且也是情感活动过程。在课堂教学中,我时刻注意保持轻松愉快的氛围,充分满足学生叙述的愿望;真诚和蔼地对待每一位学生,把微笑带进课堂,将欢乐带给学生。 三是运用多媒体和丰富多彩的活动激发阅读兴趣。在教学中充分利用多媒体创设情境,增强气氛,铺设场景,组织讨论、辩论、看图说话、分组竞赛等活动,使学生在乐中学、在做中学。 四是适时强化学生成功的喜悦感,巩固兴趣。教师要特别注重让学生体会成功感,因为成功越大,兴趣越大,动力越大。当学生在某一方面获得了一点成功,他们也会像成人完成了一个重大科研项目一样感到高兴,继而对阅读产生浓厚的兴趣并获得巨大的内驱力,驱使他们向着进一步的成功迈进,从而形成稳定而持续的兴趣。我在教学中尽量多地创设竞争和成功的机会,让学生体会到通过自身努力取得成功的快乐,感受到努力的价值。their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.1their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.