①boring ②not bright or clear ③ slow in understanding; stupid --Some of the students found the campus routine a little dull. --The conference was deadly dull. -- Jane’s hair was a dull, darkish brown. -- If you don't understand then you're duller than I thought. Cf: dull, boring & tedious 这几个词都是形容词,都有“令人厌烦的”、“生厌的”之意。 dull 指因呆板,缺乏趣味性而令人感到厌烦,其内涵是千篇一律,无吸引力,死气沉沉。 ---The weekly meeting tends to be deadly dull. boring 概念最广泛,尤其指引人厌倦,枯燥无聊的谈话、文章,也指令人生厌的人。 -- He really is one of the most boring people I've ever met. tedious 指因对某人或某事的描写太长太多而乏味,也指因反复做某事而乏味。强调因沉 闷而引起的生理上的不适。 -- We had to sit through several tedious speeches 6 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 10. absent-minded: adj. not attentive, paying little attention to what one is doing; forgetful -- The brilliant scientist becomes absent-minded with age. -- The absent-minded boy is always losing his books. 11. major: adj. greater or more important --The factory’s inefficiency is a major problem. --Heavy traffic is a major problem in most cities all over the world. n. specialty or a student specializing in a certain field of study --I'm changing my major to political science. --She is an English major at college. 12. achieve: vt. get sth. by efforts; finish sth. successfully --He hopes to achieve his aims by the end of the year. --You will achieve nothing if you don’t work hard. --I’ve achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do. Collocation: achieve one’s aims/objectives 实现某人的目标 achieved one’s ambition 取得成就 achieve one’s end/goal 达到某人的目标 achieve success 取得成就 13. management: n. 1) the people in charge of a factory or business --A failure in communication between the management and the workforce resulted in a strike. --The business is under new management. 2) the act of managing a business --She began to take over the management of her father’s business after she graduated from university. --The failure of many small businesses is caused by bad management. 14. productive: adj. producing well or much --Jefferson was a productive and talented writer. --They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. --The meeting was very productive. 15. frequent: adj. happening often; habitual --Sudden rainstorms are frequent on the Pacific Ocean. --His visits became less frequent as time passed. 16. promotion: n. 1) a rise in position --There are good chances of promotion in this firm. --If you are successful, you can expect promotion. --Their sales promotions turned out to be very successful. 2) an activity intended to help sell a product --He is responsible for sales promotion. Collocation: attain/gain/get/obtain/receive promotion 得到提升 engage in promotion 从事商品推销 seek promotion 谋求升迁 health promotion 增进健康 sales promotion 推销 Phrases: 7 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 1. happen to do sth: to do or be sth. By chance 恰巧是;碰巧做 --你是怎么成为导游的? --How did you happen to be a tourist guide? --The reporters are eager to know how she happened to be on the spot. --I happened to be out when she called.. 2. come in: have or find a place; have a part to play --我很了解这个计划,但我不知道我能在制衣厂起什么作用。 --I understand the plan perfectly; but I don't see where I come in at this shirt factory. --她在一百米赛跑中获第二。 --She came in second in the hundred-meter dash. NB: 在英语中 come 是个常用语,它与副词或介词连用构成新的词组,详见下面 的词组: Come out 被刊登,被出版 Come round 苏醒过来,(病人)复元 Come through 经历 Come to 共计;达成 Come upon 突然产生(想法等) Come up to 达到;符合 Come up with 赶上;提供 3. look around/round: walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs --The speaker finished her speech and looked round to see if there were any questions. --He looked around for a house to rent. NB: 在英语中 look 是个常用语,它与副词或介词连用构成新的词组,详见下面的 词组: Look back 回顾 Look down on/ upon 看不起,轻视 Look for 寻找;期待 Look forward to 盼望 Look into 观察;调查 Look on 旁观 Look out 留神;提防 Look over 查看;检查 Look through 看穿;仔细查看 4. be amazed at / by: be greatly surprised at / by -- We were absolutely amazed at his rapid recovery. -- She is amazed by what you have told her. 5. except for: apart from; with the exception of -- The house is deserted, except for the keeper. -- The carpet is good except for its price. Cf. except, except for & besides 这些前置词或短语均含“除…之外”之意。 except 侧重于排除在外,从整体里减去。 except for 多用于说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定,还引出相反的原 因或细节,从而部分地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味。 besides 指在总体之外另加部分或个体,“除…外,还有…”。 8 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1). Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball? 2). She felt fine exept for being a little tired. 3). People choose jobs for other reasons besides money. 4). I finished all the questions except the second one. 5). Exept for one or two cars, the street was empty. 6. hold up: delay or cause to stop -- Sorry I'm late — I was held up at work. -- Traffic was held up for several hours by the accident. English Equivalents of Chinese: 1. 着手做某事 2. 井井有条且整整齐齐 3. 效率专家 4. 高品质/质量 5. 伪劣产品 6. 打下良好基础 7. 工程建设项目 8. 担当顾问位置 9. 短期 10. 最令人奇怪的 11. 耽搁 12. 覆盖要点 13. 美化乏味的环境 14. 一位多产作家 15. 夜/白班 set out to do sth rt to be well-organized and neat efficiency expert (of)high quality products of poor quality lay a good foundation construction project come in as a consultant on a short term basis / for a short period most curious of all keep up with cover the major points beautify the dull setting a productive writer night/day shift Part V. Further Reading Proverbs and Quotations 1. Work has a bitter root but sweet fruit. 工作是苦的根,甜的果。 2. A work ill done must be twice done. 做不好的工作必须做两次。 3. Whatever I do, I will do in my power. 我无论做什么事,我必尽力而为 4. Opportunity, sooner or later, comes to all who work and wish. 只要努力工作而有志向,机会迟早终会来临。 5. Happiness, I have discovered, is nearly always a rebound from hard work. — David Grayson, American journalist 我发现,辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。— 美国记者 D. 格雷森 9 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Part VI. Writing Pattern: Part A Sentence Writing Directions: Shorten the following sentences to make them more general. 1) Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his plans turned out not quite as he had expected. (the sentence above the title of the text) Key: Sam set out to improve the efficiency at the shirt factory, but failed/in vain. 2) When I was still in elementary school, I liked to keep my socks in the upper left-hand drawer of my bureau, my underwear in the upper right drawer, shirts in the middle drawer, and pants, neatly folded, in the bottom drawer. (L.4—L.7) Key: When I was a child I liked to keep everything in order. 3) I used to organize my father’s tools, my mother’s kitchen utensils, my sister’s boyfriends. (L.8—L.9) Key: I used to arrange almost everything for my family. 4) Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. (L.36—L.38) Key: Workers behind him were delayed, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost because of Jim’s daydream. 5) If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting, the factory will be much more productive. (L.47—L.48) Key: The factory will be much more productive if the management provides better working conditions. Part B Writing Practice — Combination: subordinating conjunctions A Brief Introduction 1. Subordinate conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that join a dependent clause and an independent clause. Common subordinating conjunctions are: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, now that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while 2. A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a main (independent) clause. Look at this example: main or independent clause Ram went swimming subordinate or dependent clause although it was raining. Subordinating conjunction 3. A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate 10 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause. However, a subordinate clause can sometimes come after and sometimes before a main clause. Thus, two structures are possible: Ram went swimming although it was raining. Although it was raining, Ram went swimming. 4. More examples: After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent. If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque will be mailed on Tuesday. Gerald had to begun his thesis over again when his computer crashed. Would you look after the children while I do the shopping? Homework Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper subordinating conjunctions from the list below. Make changes where necessary. after, although, as, because, before, how, if, now that, once, since, than, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while 1. ________ he had been in prison, employers were unwilling to offer him a job. 2. He waited she had finished speaking. 3. It was exactly five years her father had died. 4. __________in the US, the drugs are distributed to all the major cities. 5. __________we know each other a little better, we get along fine. Key: 1. Because 2. until 3. since 4. Once 5. Now that after, although, as, because, before, how, if, now that, once, since, than, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while 6. ______she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag. 7. _______she was no more than twenty-two, she was already a highly successful businesswoman. 8. Zimmerman changed his name he left Germany. 9. _______I drink too much coffee, I have to run to the bathroom all day long. 10. Divorce is more common it was a generation ago. Key: 1. While 2. Though 3. after 4. If 5. than Reading Activity: Part I. Reading Skills: Reading Comprehension for Main Ideas How to read for a main idea? What is the most important elment in any paragraph or passage? Without a doubt, it is the main idea or the central idea, which give the paragraph or passage a pupose and direction. Naturally, the first step to improve you comprehension is to practise reading a bit faster for the main idea. Part II. Paragraph Writing : Suggestions to improve Learning efficiency 11 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 College English Intensive Reading Book One Unit Seven Teaching I. Objectives and Requirements: 1、Reading and Writing Course Plan 教学目标: 1. To know something about ―The Christmas Season‖ and ―Free Samples”and talk about them; 2. To learn reading comprehension skill: reading for the main ideal; 3. To master the key phrases and some sentence patterns. 教学要求: 1.要求学生掌握本单元的中心思想和文章结构,学会在写作中恰当使用关联词。 2.掌握新单词、句型的使用方法;加强相关听说训练。 3. 掌握阅读技巧:寻找关键词和句。 教学建议: 1.在教学过程中提供最新的关于 Christmas 资料背景知识,如视频,新闻报道等,使学生 对西方 Christmas 有更深的了解 2、Listening and Speaking Course Unit 7: learn to identify prices; make and respond to requests; understand and taik about shopping 4、 Comprehensive Exercises Book Unit 7: The students finish the exercises in their spare time. II. Teaching arrangement & Time Allotment 3)Reading and Writing Course 6 periods 4)Listening and Speaking Course 2 periods (every two weeks) III. Teaching Methods Communicative Approach Learner-centered Teaching Task-based Learning Translation Method Multimedia Approach IV. Presentation Procedures 12 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Text: Lecture notes The Sampler Part I. Background Information: 1.The Christmas Season In the Shop Historically: from Dec.24 till after New Year’s Day Time: In England, from Dec.24 till Epiphany (主显节) (January 6) Main activity: a time for the family to get together, to talk, to sing, to exchange presents In modern time: a time of greater commercial activity Time: Early in November, shops decorate their departments for Christmas. Christmas has become a month of Christmas advertising. Main activity: do Christmas shopping For Christians, Christmas season lasts from Christmas Eve till after New Year ’s Day or, especially in England, till Epiphany (主显节) (January 6). Most Westerners will decorate their homes, schools and offices for the holidays. And they will send Christmas cards to their friends and send them gifts as well. Commercially, the period is much longer. Stores usually begin to decorate their departments for Christmas in November. Special attention is paid to the shop windows designed to attract Christmas shoppers. Christmas has lost most of its religious significance. It has changed from a quiet day to be with family to a whole month of Christmas-gift buying season. And it has become a month of Christmas advertising. And all of this makes some people want to avoid Christmas altogether. At Home – Christmas Dinner Food: turkey or goose / mashed white potatoes and maybe yellow sweet potatoes / minced pork and herbs cooked inside the turkey / pudding Dinner time: one or two o’ clock rather than right at noon a family dinner (maybe nearby relatives will be invited tocome over in the evening to see the children’s presents) In America, Christmas dinner is very much like a Thanksgiving Dinner. For meat, turkey is the most popular, but some families may have ham or something else. And of course, the father is the one to carve the turkey (to cut it into slices) or goose when it gets to the table. Then there’ll be potatoes, maybe mashed white potatoes and maybe yellow sweet potatoes, or both. Along with the turkey, there has to be a bread dressing made from small pieces of bread, minced pork and herbs cooked inside the turkey. And that’s why many people call it “bread stuffing” because it was stuffed (pushed hard) inside the turkey before it was baked. Then the juices from the turkey will be made into gravy to be poured over the potatoes, the dressing, and the meat. Pudding is a kind of dessert in western food; like a heavy cake. It is served after the main food of a dinner. Puddings are usually boiled or steamed. Christmas pudding is a special pudding made with dried fruit, which is served at dinner on Christmas day. Christmas dinner usually starts around one or two o’clock rather than right at noon, and no one is in a hurry to finish. Friends almost never drop in to visit on Christmas Day, since it’s a family holiday and no one really wants to be interrupted by someone coming to wish them a Merry Christmas. But maybe nearby relatives will be invited to come over in the evening to see the children’s presents and to snack on left-over Christmas Dinner. 13 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 2. Old People in the West Most people retire from work between the ages of 60 — 65. This has two main consequences, one economic and the other psychological. Economically: Although retired people receive a pension from the government or from their past employers, it is often significantly less than they earned when they were working. Unless people have managed to save money during their years at work, their standard of living may decline dramatically when they retire. Psychologically: Old people in Western countries are generally considered useless, a burden on their families and on the public purse. They are hardly held in respect. On the other hand, most of them used to focusing on work, simply do not know how to relax or pursue other interest now that they have time to do so. They feel they “should” be working and contributing, because work was where they were respected and their skills recognized. As retired people, their self-confidence is diminished. The longer they are away from the work place, the keener grows a sense of being superfluous. 3. Free Samples Stores use free samples as a “come-on” in competing for customers. If a store provides free samples of products, it’s likely that more people will shop there. Samples, usually of new foods and drinks, are given with the understanding that if you like them, you will buy them. It is not socially acceptable to continue to sample the same product time and time again without making a purchase. Part II. Warm-up Activities: Step1. Topic-centered Discussion(Group work) 1.When, where and what kinds of products can people go to sample? 2.What kinds of people might take advantage of sampling? 3.Why would they do that? Step 2. T makes a brief introduction to sampling. Part III. Text Analysis: canning Directions: Scan for the exact meanings of pronouns. ―Now there’s one old gentleman, for instance,‖ she told me, ―he comes here almost every week and samples each one of the puddings, though he never buys anything, and I suspect he never will. I remember him from the last year and the year before that too. Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it . And what’s more, I hope there are a lot more stores where he can go and get his share. He looks as if he needed it all right, and I suppose them can afford it .‖ he: the old man it: his coming and sampling the puddings / his sampling his: the old man’s share of the privilege it: to sample the puddings they: In the West, the pronoun “they” and “them” are often used to refer to a group of people opposed to “we” and “us”. For the common people, the word “they” often refers to bosses or the government with a slight overtone of hostility. 14 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 it: his sampling without buying the puddings Character Analysis Although no details have been supplied in the story concerning the narrator, the shop girl and the elderly gentleman, we can get to know something about their personalities if we take a close look at how they acted, talked and felt as individuals. Now you are required to find the evidence in the text according to the adjectives given. The Adjectives old and poor short and thin sensitive and dignified Old Man Evidence in the text elderly; wrinkled face; poorly dressed; could not afford a pudding; having only coins in his worn little black pocketbook the “little black figure” ―He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.‖ denying knowing the narrator “ in a loud voice‖and with ―dignity‖ ―forced‖ to buy one of the largest and most expensive of the puddings; keeping trying to put the coins into the shop girl’s hand; never coming back again his choice of words (e.g. I don’t think I have the pleasure of knowing you.) The kind-hearted & sympathetic polite Sympathetic strategic & considerate Shop Girl ―Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it.‖ She offered a spoon to the old man to sample the pudding. When she speaks of the old man, she uses the word ―gentleman‖. The Narrator in a burst of benevolence ―Will you do me a favor?‖ proud and wanting to save face well-educated Part IV. Learning points: 1). Find out the active expressions: 1. take advantage of make use of (sth. or sb.) for one’s own benefit 2. and what’s more also, and more importantly, seriously, etc. 3. all right: certainly beyond doubt 4 come down in the world lose a place of respect or honor; become lower as in rank or fortune 2). Word Using New Words: 1. select: vt. Choose She was selected from many applicants. The city was selected as the site for the coming Olympic Games. adj. chosen In ancient times, book knowledge was limited to the select few. John Major became Mrs. Thatcher’s select successor. CF: select, choose & elect 这几个词都是动词,都有“选择”之意。 select 指经过考虑后从许多同类东西中仔细认真地进行选择,往往是根据被选择对象的 15 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 优劣进行选择。 They were selected from among many applicants. 他们是从许多报名者当中挑选出 来的。 choose 是最普通的词语,指运用自己的判断能力按照被选对象的正确与否,合适与否进 行选择,往往含有一种在客观条件下进行选择的意思。 Choose the correct for each blank. 选择正确的词填空。 elect 通常只用选票或其他方法选中某人担任某一职务。 We elected her monitor. 我们选她当班长。 2. sample: n. a small part representing the whole The nurse took a sample of my blood for tests. Next, I’d like to show you our sample room. vt. take and examine a part of She sampled the wine before giving it to the others. The scientist sampled the spring water and declared it beneficial to human health. 3. intention: n. purpose If I've hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention. 如果我伤了你的感情那完全是无意 的。 Well-intentioned though he is, he is always laughed at by others. Collocation: by intention 故意 have no intention of doing ... 无意做? with the intention of 抱有?目的/打算 with the best of intentions 好心好意, 出于一片好心 without intention 无意中, 不是故意地 4. purchase: n. buying That dress you bought yesterday is a good purchase. He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books. vt. buy He is intending to purchase a new car on installments. Women tend to have stronger purchasing power than men do. 5. privilege: n. special right given to a person It is my great privilege to have dinner with you. Diplomats enjoy a lot of privilege in foreign countries. 6. suspect: vt. guess or suppose; feel doubt about He said he’d be here at eleven o’clock, but I suspect he will be late. The police suspected him of robbery / suspected that he was a robber. 警方怀疑他是个抢 劫犯。 n. sb. suspected of wrongdoing The police cannot arrest any suspect without firm evidence. Pattern: suspect sb. of doing sth. 16 大学英语精读(第三版)