介绍人们关心的疑问,为了你的论点奠定基础;
第二,论述背景,即为了解决主题制定的辩论我们应该知道哪些事实?
第三,根据在第一和第二步提供的信息表明自己的观点并指出下文将要讲什么;
第四,提供论据和论证;
第五,我们都应该考虑到对方的论据。因此,第五议论文的要素是反驳对方论据,这样做着能避免论点的过度主观性。
第六,为最重要的信息进行归纳。再次回顾一下让读者接受你论点的论证
接下来,以简单英文对话展示议论文的classical argument模型:
1.Lucia!(第一,引起注意力)
2.Stop teasing your sister.She had a tough day at dancing class.(第二,背景)
3.If I hear you gloat about getting a lead role in the play one more time,you are going to be punished.(第三,论点)
4.In the past 20 minutes you have mentioned it three times already.She is crying in her room.She knows that you’ll be Elza in winter play.You are just being mean(第四,论据)
5.I know she never misses a chance to tease you with her straight A on math too,but you have to set a good example for her(第五,反驳对方的论点)
6.If you say one more thing about that winter play,I will put you in timeout.I don’t care if we are in a supermarket and your friends are watching.(第六,归纳和总结)
Rogerian argument
美国心理学家Carl Rogers曾今启发了辞修学家创造一种新辩证方式,即首先需要充分了解对方的观