某些动词的主动形式表被动含义 英语中有很多动词如 act,break,catch,cut,clean, drive,draw, let,lock, open,sell,read,write,wash,wear 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主 语特征时, 其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。 另外, owe, 像 beat, cook, bake, print,build,make 等,有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如: This kind of radio doesn't sell well.这种收音机不太畅销。 The shop opens at eight o'clock.这个商店八点开门。 The pipe does not draw well.这烟斗不太通畅。 These plays act wonderfully.这些剧演得好。 Kate's book reads like an interesting novel.凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小 说。 注意: 主动表被动强调的是主语的特征, 而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 如: The door won't lock.门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked.门不会被锁上。(指不会有人来锁门) His novels sell easily.他的小说销路好。(指小说本身内容好) His novels are sold easily.他的小说容易销售。(主要强调外界对小说的需求 量大) 6.某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1)在 need,want,require,deserve 和 bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式 表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如: The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。 My clothes need washing(to be washed).我的衣服需要洗了。 2)形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式; 而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如: The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)这本画册很值得一读。 Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worth helping.(=Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worthy to be helped.)像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。 This plan is not worth considering.(=This plan is not worthy to be considered.)这个计划不值得考虑。 3)某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 a. nice, 当 easy, hard, fit, difficult,important, impossible, pleasant,interesting 等形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时 常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如: Japanese is not difficult to learn.日语并不难学。(指日语被学) The water is unfit to drink.这水不适合喝。(指水被喝) The piece of music is pleasant to hear.这首音乐听起来很悦耳。 (指音乐被听) This book is easy to read.这本书读起来很容易。(指书被读) b.当动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,不定式 的主动形式表示被动含义。如: I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多工作要做。(work to do 指被做 的工作) He has three children to look after. 他有三个孩子要照看。 (children to look after 指孩子被照看) 注意:如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式,其含义有所区别。如: I have some clothes to be washed.我有些要洗的衣服。(衣服不是自己洗) c.在 there be...句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动 或被动式,其含义没有什么区别。如: There is a lot of homework to do(to be done).有很多家庭作业要做。 There are some clothes to wash(to be washed).有些衣服要洗。 4)由介词 for,on,above,under 等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如: His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon.=His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon.他的油画作品明天下午展出。 5)表示感官意义的连系动词如 smell,feel,taste,look,sound 等在句子中常 表达被动含义。如: How nice the music sounds!这音乐听起来多悦耳! Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。 Our school looks more beautiful than before.我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。