一、全部倒装
1.当副词away,off,out,in,up,down,over,here,there,then,now位于句首,
主语是具体的名词时,主谓直接倒装;
主语是代词时,主谓语序不变;
Away ran the terrified boy.\x09\x09\x09\x09Away he ran.
There goes the bell.\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09Here you are.
Now comes your turn.\x09\x09\x09\x09Then he came up to me.
\x09
2.当充当表语的介词短语、形容词、分词位于句首,主谓倒装.
Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.
Present at the meeting was our headmaster,Mrs.Zhang.
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 15.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
\x09
3.地点状语位于句首,主谓倒装.
Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns.
From the hole came a faint light.
4.表存在:There (appear,seem,happen,used) to be + 主+其它
\x09There stand (lie,live,happen) + 主+其它
\x09
\x09
二、部分倒装 (相当于一般疑问句)
1.“否定”位于句首,需要部分倒装
否定词:no,not
否定意义的副词:never,seldom,little,hardly,nowhere
否定意义的词组:in no way(无论如何不),at no time(在任何时候都不),by no means(决不;毫不),no longer,under no circumstance,in no case(决不,绝不).
\x09Not a single book had he read that month.
\x09Nowhere could I find him.
\x09By no means shall I meet him half way.
\x09
2.No sooner ….than; hardly/scarcely….when…..;“还没 ...就...”
主句用过去完成时,从句用过去时
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
The Arab had no sooner fallen asleep than he felt touch on his elbow.
(= No sooner had the Arab fallen asleep than he felt touch on his elbow.)
Scarcely had I finished the exercise when the bell rang.
No sooner had we sat down to dinner than the phone rang.
Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.
3.Not until… 需要部分倒装
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
4not only位于句首,需要部分倒装
Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.
注:but also不倒 Not only did I know her but also I was her best friend.
5only + 状语(介词短语、副词、状语从句)位于句首,需要部分倒装
Only by working hard can we succeed in everything.
6so…that; such…that中so & such部分位于句首,需要部分倒装
So tired was I after a whole day’s heavy work that I could hardly stand on my feet.
Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in.
7so,neither,nor位于句首,需要部分倒装
---He has been to Beijing \x09\x09--- So have I.
---He can’t answer the question.\x09--- Neither / Nor can.
注:so位于句首,意思为“的确,确实”,重复前文,无需倒装.
---He said he would call on her.\x09\x09--- So he did.
三、让步状语从句中的倒装
形容词;副词;名词(不加冠词);分词;动词 + as/though + 主+谓
Hard as/though he studies,he cannot pass the exam.
Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.
Absorbed as/though he was in the book,he did not
Try as/though he would,he might fail again.
四、虚拟语气中的倒装
当if从句中有were,had,should 时,可以省略if,把这三个词提前,构成倒装.
Were I you,I would study harder.
= If I were you,I would study harder.
Had he come here yesterday,he would have met you.
= If he had come here yesterday,he would have met you.
Should it rain,we wouldn’t go for a picnic.
= If it should rain,we wouldn’t go for a picnic.
再问: 能缩减一下吗??!!3Q
再答: 啊。这已经是最少的。把这么多背熟!高考绝对就这么多。这是考纲
再问: 我马上要中考拉
再答: 不早说。以上的东西不要看啦。是高考的。 中考只考Neither Nor So的倒装。