I needn't worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 解析:needn't have done 表示“本没有必要做”。 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 类别 与现在事 实相反 与过去事 实相反 与将来事 实相反 从句谓语动词 过去式(be用were) had+过去分词 过去式(be用were) should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 主句谓语动词 should/would/could/might +动词原形 should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 should/would/could/might +动词原形 If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿的话,一切都没问题了。 If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就会被推迟。 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。 (2)虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 如果虚拟条件句中含有 were/had/should,有时可把 if 省 略,把 were/had/should 提到主语之前形成倒装;若为否定形 式,not 不可提前。 Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早晨的火车,那他就不会开会迟到了。 (3)错综时间条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时 动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。 If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早些订位子,现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟,而主句是对现在的虚拟。) (4)含蓄条件句 ①有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用 but for, without 等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助,我们就不能按时完成那项工 程了。 ②用连词 otherwise, or 等暗示后文与前面的情况相 反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 我那天病了,否则,我就参加运动会了。 ③虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况+ but+真实情况”。 I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day. 我本来可以做演讲,但是那天我感冒了。 2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中 (1) 在 “It is + important/necessary/natural/strange/ essential/vital/a pity+that ... ”句型中,that 从句中谓语动词用 “(should+)动词原形”。 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 认真对待我们在路上开车时的安全非常重要。 (2)在 would rather (that)后的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动 词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用一般过去时; 如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (3)句中含有以下单词或变形时,该句中的名词性从句(宾 语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语 气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,其中 should 可以省略。 He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 [名师指津] 当 suggest 表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist 表示“坚持说”之意时,suggest/insist 后的宾语从句不使用虚 拟语气,而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。 (4)wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could+动词原形 I wish (that) I were ten years younger. 但愿我能年轻十岁。 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。 (5)as if/though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中的 虚拟语气 as if/though 引导的从句中的谓语动词形式及使用情 况与 wish 后宾语从句中的谓语动词及使用情况相同。 She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她看起来好像什么事都没有发生似的。 [名师指津] 如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从 句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 3.2 个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条 had+过去分 过去式(be动词 would/could/ 件句及感叹句 词 一般用were) should/might +动词原形 It is 过去式或 (high/about/very) “should+动 time (that) ... 词原形” If only I had seen the film. 要是我看过那部电影就好了。 It is high time that we should start/started out. 我们该出发了。 [命题点感悟] 考什么·考多少·怎么考 单句语法填空/单句改错 ①(2017·北京高考改编)If the new safety system _h_a_d__b_e_e_n_p_u_t_ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 解析:句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这次事故就不会 发生了。由句意和主句中的谓语动词形式可知,此句是对发生 在过去的事情的假设,条件状语从句中应该使用过去完成时。 ②(2016·全 国 卷 Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 去掉 can 或 can→should 解析:suggest 表示“建议”时,后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用 “should +动词原形”,should 可以省略,故答案有两种改法。 were ③(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them? 解析:根据语境可知,此处是虚拟语气,表示与现在情况相 反,所以要把 are 改为 were。 专题过关训练 [题点全面练] Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空 1.When I was a child, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 2.—What are you doing this Saturday? —I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert. 3.The door won't (not) open, no matter how hard she pushed. 4.One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 5.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must , in case he comes late for the meeting. 6.We needn't (not) have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner. 7.—Who can be phoning us at this time of night? —It might be your sister. 8.We can't imagine that two children should be killed by the washing machine of their house. Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.The national smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we reflected (reflect) on ourselves. 2.—It would be (be) cool if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though. —Give it a shot. You never know. 3.The Antarctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I had been (be) there before. 4.—Did you make it at last? —Yes. But for your help, it _w_o_u_l_d_/_c_o_u_ld__h_a_v_e_c_a_u_s_e_d_ (cause) a serious loss. 5.Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence (_s_h_o_u_ld__)b_e__p_u_t (put) into prison. 6.I wish I had shared (share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home. Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句 1.我家乡春天的天气相当暖和,但有时也会非常冷。(fairly warm, extremely cold) The weather in my hometown is fairly warm in spring, but it can be extremely cold sometimes. 2.你在山路上开车时一定要小心,因为有时可能很危险。(drive down, the mountainous road) You must be careful when you drive down the mountainous road, because it can be dangerous sometimes. 3.她不敢单独在夜里出去。(dare) She daren't go out at night alone./She doesn't dare to go out at night alone. 4.现在,他不可能正在和他的同学一起旅游。相反,他一定 是在家里学习。(tour with) At the moment, he can't be touring with his friends. On the contrary, he must be studying at home. 5.是因为我学习不够努力,还是因为我学习方法不当?(work hard, in the right way) Can it be because I haven't worked hard enough or because I haven't studied in the right way? 6.那天上学我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。(turn off, fall asleep) I was late for school that day. I might have turned off the alarm clock and fallen asleep again. 7.我多么希望我能更聪明一些,精力更充沛一些!(how, wish, intelligent, energetic) How I wish I were more intelligent and more energetic! 8.要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing) If only I hadn't wasted the time in reading novels when I was in junior high school. Ⅰ.语法填空 [语篇综合练] (2018·广东潮州模拟)Etiquette (礼仪) is to society 1 clothing is to the individual. Without clothes men would go in shameful nudity which would 2 (certain) lead to the corruption of morals, and without etiquette society would be in a pitiable state and the necessary 3 (communicate) between its members would be disturbed by needless offence and troubles. If society moved like a train, the etiquette would be the 4 (track), along which only the train could go forth; if society 5 (be) a coach, the etiquette would be the wheels, on which only the coach could roll forward. The lack of etiquette would make 6 best friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the 7 (friend) countries declare war against each other. We can find many examples in the history of mankind. Therefore I 8 (advice) you to stand on ceremony before anyone else and to take pains not 9 (do) anything against etiquette 10 case you give offence or make enemies. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了礼仪对社会的 重要性。 1.what 句意:礼仪之于社会犹如衣着之于个人。“A is to B what C is to D”为固定句型,意为“A 之于 B 犹如 C 之于 D”。 2.certainly 设空处作“lead to”的状语,故用副词形式。 3 . communication 设 空 处 作 主 语 , 故 用 名 词 形 式 (communication)。 4.tracks 根据常识可知,火车要在双轨上行进,故设空 处填名词复数形式(tracks)。 5.were 本句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,if 从句的 谓语动词要用过去式,be 动词用 were。 6.the 设空处后为形容词最高级,表示“最好的朋友”。 故设空处填定冠词 the。 7.friendly 设空处后为名词,设空处作定语,故用形容 词(friendly)作定语。 8.advise 设空处在句中作谓语,故需用谓语动词,这 里讲述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。 9.to do take pains to do sth.为固定短语,意为“努力 做某事”。 10.in in case 为固定短语,意为“以防,以免”。 Ⅱ.短文改错 (2018·自贡模拟)It's a pleasure for me give a short speech here today. Recently I've found that some of classmates study too lately into the night. Nor do they spare enough time for a rest during the day. No wonder they often can't fall asleep in class. Also, some classmates seldom have a breakfast. Certainly, which will surely do harm to their healthy. In my opinion, having enough sleep and a proper diet are extremely important. We must learn to make wisely use of our time. Only in this way can we keep fit or study well. Do you agree with me? Thanks to listening. 答案:第一句:give 前加 to 第二句:lately→late 第四句:can't→can 第五句:去掉 a 第六句:which→it; healthy→health 第七句:are→is 第八句:wisely→wise 第九句:or→and 第十一句:to→for