by后面接动词的时候需要用动名词形式,即为动词的ing形式,一般表示通过某种方式。例如:I was moved by his singing.我被他的歌声感动了;You can help others by donating money.你可以通过捐钱帮助他人;John talks to me by calling.约翰打电话给我。
介词by的用法
1、意为“在……旁”,“靠近”。
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.
有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。
2、意为“不迟于”,“到……时为止”。
Your son will be all right by supper time.
你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
3、表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。
4、表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。
One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。
5、表示“根据”,“按照”的意思。
What time is it by your watch?
你的表几点了?
6、和take,hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。
I took him by the hand.
我拉住了他的手。
7、用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。
English is spoken by many people.
英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)
相关短语
1、by name
该介宾词组的意思是“名叫……”;“凭名字”。如:
①He met a man,John by name.
②I knew him only by name.
2、by one’s first marriage通过或由于某人的第一次婚姻
介词by有许