what 和 which 有什么区别? what 和 which 都是疑问代词,可以指事物,它们既可以单独作主语或宾语,也可以作 定语修饰名词,区别如下: 一、修饰名词: 当用作定语修饰其后接名词时,which 用于有范围限制的场合,what 用于没有范围限 制,侧重于种类的场合。如: Which color do you like, black or white? Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? What color is your car? 二、单独使用,后面不加名词: 当其后不接名词时,which 和 what 的用法区别依然是:用于有范围限制的场合,what 用于没有范围限制,侧重于种类的场合。如: What would you like for dinner? I'd like tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and onions. We have tomatoes, cucumbers and onions. Which would you like for dinner? I'd like some tomatoes. 三、与 else 和 of 短语连用时: 由于 what 提问的事物没有范围限制,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般不跟表示特定范围 的 of 短语。而 which 提问的事物有范围限制,所以其后一般不接 else,但却常与表特定范 围的 of 短语连用。如: What else have you bought? Which of these dictionaries is yours? 在有选择范围时用 which,没有选择范围时用 what。如: They said that you had bought a new car. What color is it? At present we have four cars for sale. Which color do you prefer? 疑问代词 which 和 what 用于人时与 who 的区别 一、后接名词时的区别 当用作定语修饰其后接名词时,只用 which 和 what,不能用 who。 如: Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家? (which 和 what 的区别是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较 大或不明确的场合。 如: Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种? bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大? What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的? 但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也可用 which。 Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家? ) Which is 二、其后不接名词时的区别 当其后不接名词时,三者均可用,which 和 what 的用法区别依然是:前者用于选择范 围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。 1 如: Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一个在盒子里,是红色的那个还 是黑色的那一个? What is in the box? 盒子里装的是什么东西? 至于 who,它一般只用来指人,不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。 如:Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克? Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁? 注:当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who 也可以用 which 或 which one 代之。 如: Who [Which / Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢 谁,父亲还是母亲? 三、与 else 以及 of 短语搭配时的区别 1、正由于 what 和 who 的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般 不跟表示特定范围的 of 短语。 如:What else have you bought? 你还买了些什么? Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁? 在你的老师之中,你最喜欢哪一位? 正:Which of your teachers do you like best? 误:Who [What] of your teachers do you like best? 我们当中谁去洗衣服? 正:Which of us is going to do the washing? 误:Who of us is going to do the washing? 这些词典当中哪一本是你的? 正:Which of these dictionaries is yours? 误:What of these dictionaries is yours? 2、而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接 else,但却常与表特定 范围的 of 短语连用: Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大? Which of the boys is the strongest? 这些男孩当中,哪一个力气最大? 你还要点别的什么吗? 正:What else would you like? 误:Which else would you like? 四、口语中的用法区别 比较以下三组对话,注意体会区别: A:Who is he? 他是谁? B:He is Mary’s husband. 他是玛丽的丈夫。 注:Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情况。 A:What is he? 他是干什么的? B:He is an English teacher. 他是英语教师。 注:What is he? 的意思是询问他的职业。 A:Which is he? 哪位是他? B:The one by the window. 窗户边的那位。 注:Which is he? 的意思是要在几个人中辨别要找的人。 2