■考查重点 冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法, 定冠词 the 的用法和零冠词的用法等。 其中, 不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考查的热 点,也是今后的考查方向。 一.冠词概述 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义 冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义, 但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。 定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的 单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用 二.a 和 an 的区别 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式, 用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前, 用于元音(不是元 a an 音字母)开头的词前。 例如:a boy,a university,a European country; an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella 三.不定冠词的用法 1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于 any,这是不定冠词 a/an 的基本用法。 2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。 3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有 one 强烈。 4.表示“每一”,相当于 every. 例如,I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天 课。 5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。例如,I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。 6.用在某些固定词组中:a lot(of)许多,大量;after a while 过一会儿 四.定冠词的用法 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。 2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如:Open the window,please.请打开窗户。 3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如:I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车, 它是红色的。 4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如:Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一个大, 太阳还是地球? 5.用在序数词, 形容词最高级前。 例如: The first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 第一课是这本书最简单的一课。 6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如,the Great Wall 长城,the United States 美国 7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。例如:the poor 穷人,the blind 盲人 8 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如:the Greens 格林一家或格 林夫妻俩 9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left 在左边,in the middle of 在中间 10.用在乐器名称前。例如:She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。 11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。 例如:the Black Sea 黑海,the Yangzi River 长江 12.用在某些固定词组中:all the same 仍然;all the time 一直;at the moment 此刻; at the same time 同时;by the way 顺便说;do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服; in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野 外 五.零冠词的用法 1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如,Class Two 二班,Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场, water 水 2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her 等)、指示代词(this/these, that/those)、不定代词(some,any 等)及所有格限制时。 例如 my book(正);my the book(误) 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 例如,They are teachers.他们是老师。 Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉 4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。例如:on Sunday 在周日,in March 在三月,in spring 在春天,on Women’s Day 在妇女节 (特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在 1982 年春季参军。) 5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Tom 汤姆,Mum 妈妈 6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:I have lunch at school every day. 特例: football, 当 basketball 指具体的某个球时, 其前可以用冠词: can see a football. I 我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运 动”) 7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:No.25 Middle School 8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。 (1)与 by 连用的交通工具名称前:by bus 乘公共汽车;by car 乘汽车;by bike 骑/坐自行 车;by train 乘火车;by air/plane 乘飞机;by sea/ship 乘船,但 take a bus,in a boat, on the bike 前需用冠词 (2)名词词组:day and night 日日夜夜;brother and sister 兄弟姐妹;hour after hour 时时刻刻;here and there 到处 (3)介词词组:at home 在家;in surprise 惊奇地;at noon 在中午;on foot 步行;at night 在晚上;on duty 值日;at work 在工作;on time 准时;for example 例如;in class 在 上课;on show 展览;in bed 在床上 (4)go 短语:go home 回家;go to bed 上床睡觉;go to school 去上学;go to work 去上 班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼 六.用与不用冠词的差异 in hospital 住院/in the hospital 在医院里 go to sea 出海/go to the sea 去海边 on earth 究竟/on the earth 在地球上,在世上 in front of 在……(外部的)前面/in the front of 在……(内部的)前面 take place 发生/take the place(of)代替 at table 进餐/at the table 在桌子旁 by sea 乘船/by the sea 在海边 in future 从今以后,将来/in the future 未来 go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去 on horseback 骑着马/on the horseback 在马背上 two of us 我们当中的两人/the two of us 我们两人(共计两人) out of question 毫无疑问/out of the question 不可能的,办不到的 next year 明年/the next year 第二年 a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位 作家(两个人) 七、例题剖析 例 1.He gave my sister ____useful book yesterday. A. an B. a C. / D the 【答案】B useful 的第一个音素为[ju] 故选 B。 例 2.My brother is____ honest boy, so he has many friends. A. a B. an C. the D / 【答案】B honest 的第一个音素为元音。 例 3.More college graduates would like to work in____ west part of country_ ___ next year. A. the; the B. /; / C. /; the D. the; / 【答案】A 方位名词前加 the,in the west part;由句意可知为第二年,即 the next year。 例 4.There is a big tree____ the house. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in front D. at class 【答案】B 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。 例 5.Jim always answers the teacher’s questions _______. A. in class B. in the class C. after class D. at class 【答案】A 课上回答老师的问题,故选 in class。 八、同步练习 1.There is _____ apple on the desk. A. a B .the C. an D./ 2.The girl under ____ tree is my sister. A. a B .the C .an D./ 3.Mary is from _____ USA. A. a B. the C. an D./ 4.He met _____ friend of his on the road. A. a B .the C .an D./ 5.Mr Black will go back to England______. A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train 6.Yesterday I went to____ work on ____foot. A. /, / B ./, the C .the, / D. the, the 7.There is ____“h” in the word “hour”, but____ “h”doesn’t make a sound. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, ,an D .an. the 8.I’m going to see my mother. She is ill ____. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital 9. We have three meals ____day. We have breakfast at 6:30 in ____morning every day. A. the, the, the B. the, /, the C. a, /, the D .a, the, the 10.——This is____ film I’ve told you about several times. ——It’s great. I’ve never seen ___ more moving one. A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. a, the 11.——Tina,could you please play____ piano for me while I’m singing? ——With pleasure. A .a B. an C. the D. / 12.I want to try again. Please give me____ third chance again. A .a B. the C. an D. / 13. ——What’s the matter with you? ——I caught____ bad cold and had to stay in____ bed. A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 14.____ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 15. Swimming is____ in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun 参考答案: 参考答案: 1-5CBBAA 6-10ADACC 11-15CAACB ought to : 它比 must 语气弱,但婉转。 They ought to be there by now. 他们现在一定到那了 一般用于肯定和否定句 ought 与不定式构成谓语动词。主要用法如下: ( 1 )表示应该做某事。例如: You ought to take his advice. 你应当接受他的劝告。 ( 2 ) ought + 不定式的完成形式,表示本应该做某事。 例如: They ought to have handed in the paper yesterday. 他们本应当昨天交论文。 should : 表示说话人的猜测,估计应该 That should be Janet coming upstairs now. 正在上楼的准是珍妮特。 多用于第一人称。 should (1) 表示劝告或建议。例如: He should learn how to drive the car. (2) 表示预测或可能。例如: This kind of reference book should be in the reading-room. (3) 表示惊奇、愤怒、失望等感情。例如: Why should I go? 我干吗要去? (4) should + 动词的完成形式,表示应该已经做某事。例如: I should have thought of that. (5) should + 动词的进行形式,表示应该正在做某事。 例如: You should be reading a textbook instead of the novel. 你现在读的应当是一本教科书而不是那本小说。 1.大体上两者的意思是相同的,通常可以互相转换 2.ought to 比 should 语气强 (1)should 表示主观看法,一些建议,劝说时,译作“应当”。 ought to,直接接动词原形,更多反映客观情况,“有义务”或“必要”做某事,译为“应当,应 该” (2)ought to 的否定就表示做某事一定是错误的 而 should 的否定就表示某动作不一定要做 3.should 可以用于虚拟语态, 而 ought to 不能 ught to 是唯一一个可加 to 的情态动词! 中考真题练习---冠 中考真题练习---冠词 --( ) 1. There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital. (2009甘肃兰州) 甘肃兰州) 甘肃兰州 A. an, an B. a, a C. an, the D. a, the ( ) 2. After school we usually play basketball for half an hour on playground. B. 不填;不填 C. 不填; the D. the; (2009广州) A. the; the 不填 ( A. a ( an ( ( ) 5. What ______ exciting news it is! Is ______ news true? (2009山东烟台) B. an; a C. /; the D. /; a ) 6. ---I just have ______ cup of milk for ______ breakfast. ---That’s not enough. (2009四 B. the; the C. a; 不填 A. an; the 川成都) A. a; a ( A. a ( A. a ( A. a ( (2009湖北孝感) A. the ( 锡) A. a; a ( 西绥德) A. the ( A. / ( (2009.福建漳州) B. a ) 14. --- How was _____ dinner at Mike’s house? C. an D. the B. an C. a D. / ---Beethoven, I think. ) 13. ---What ______ sweet music! Do you know who wrote it? B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a ) 12. On ______ sunny afternoon, my parents and I had a good time on the beach. (2009陕 B. a C. an D. / ) 11. It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break. (2009江苏无 (2009江苏宿迁). B. the C. an D. his ) 10. In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I can’t remember ________ name of it. (2009湖南娄底) B. an ) 9. –Who’s _________ young man with long hair? C. the –He’s a friend of mine. 京) B. an ) 8. —Why do you like Mary? C. the —Because she is D. 不填 honest girl. ) 7. Sandy often takes her dog for ______ walk around the lake after supper. (2009江苏南 A. a; a ) 3. I really like ______ book you lent me yesterday. (2009河北) B. an B. a; an C. the C. a; the D. 不填 D. the; ) 4. Jimmy bought ______ car yesterday, but it’s ______ used one. (2009山东威海) --- It was great. Mike’s mum is _____ wonderful cook. (2009吉林通化) A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the ( 锦州) A./,/ ( 圳) A.the, a / ( A. a ( tree. (2009新疆阜康) A. A ( A. a ( B. An B. / B./, a D. a, an ) 15. Jack likes playing_____ soccer, but he doesn't like playing ________piano. (2009辽宁 B.the,/ C.the.the D. the /, ) 16. ---How do you go to________ work? --I usually take_________ bus. (2009深 C. a, a D . the, )17. Jack started to work at _______ early age because his family was very poor. (2009山东 B. an )