论文格式的注意事项 1、毕业论文一律打印,采取a4纸张,页边距一律采取:上、下2.5cm,左3cm,右1.5cm,行间距取多倍行距(设置值为1.25);字符间距为默认值(缩放100%,间距:标准),封面采用教务处统一规定的封面。 2、字体要求 论文所用字体要求为宋体。 3、字号 第一层次题序和标题用小三号黑体字;第二层次题序和标题用四号黑体字;第三层次及以下题序和标题与第二层次同;正文用小四号宋体。 4、页眉及页码 毕业论文各页均加页眉,采用宋体五号宋体居中,打印“河北大学xxxx届本科生毕业论文(设计)”。页码从正文开始在页脚按阿拉伯数字(宋体小五号)连续编排,居中书写。 5、摘要及关键词 中文摘要及关键词:“摘要”二字采用三号字黑体、居中书写,“摘”与“要”之间空两格,内容采用小四号宋体。“关键词”三字采用小四号字黑体,顶格书写,一般为3—5个。 英文摘要应与中文摘要相对应,字体为小四号timesnewroman。 6、目录 “目录”二字采用三号字黑体、居中书写,“目”与“录”之间空两格,第一级层次采用小三号宋体字,其他级层次题目采用四号宋体字。 7、正文 正文的全部标题层次应整齐清晰,相同的层次应采用统一的字体表示。第一级为“一”、“二”、“三”、等,第二级为“1.1”、“1.2”、“1.3”等,第三级为“1.1.1”、“1.1.2”等。 8、参考文献 参考文献要另起一页,一律放在正文后,在文中要有引用标注,如×××[1]。 9、外文资料及译文 外文资料可用a4纸复印,如果打印,采用小四号timesnewroman字体,译文采用小四号宋体打印,格式参照毕业论文文本格式要求,另外,要注意毕业论文结束语是否恰当。 引用论文注释和参考文献格式 注释和参考文献格式[1] 2.1注释 Citations 2.1.1夹注 In-text Citations 转述、阐释、总结他人主要观点、引用某些引文或所依据的文献无须详细注释者,以夹注的形式随文在括号内注明。夹注与“参考文献”结合,形成一种方便、快捷说明引用出处的注释形式。夹注的构成形式有以下几种情况: 1)来自英语文章、专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现: 格式:出版年份:页码 例: Rees said, “As key aspects of …in the process” (1986:241), … 2 ) 来自英语文章、专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中没有出现: 格式:作者姓名,出版年份:页码 例: The underlying assumption is that language is “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3). 3 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现: 格式:出版年份:引文页码 例:According to Alun Rees (1986:234)〔夹注直接放在被引者后面〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation. According to Alun Rees,the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (1986:234). 出版年份:引文页码〔夹注也可以位于引语的最后〕 4 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中没有提到: 格式:作者姓名 出版年份:引文页码 例:It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (Robertson, 1987: 136). 5)来自汉语文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中已经出现[2]: 格式:作者姓名拼音+夹注(出版年份:引文页码) 例:Wang Datong (2002:111, 2005:191) believed that…; 6)来自汉语的文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中没有出现: 格式:作者姓名拼音,出版年份:引文页码 例:It has been found that these learners confuse the uses of passives and unaccusatives in their interlanguage (Wilson, 2005:211;Zhang Shan, 2003:19) 7)引自互联网文献 引用网络资料时如网页上标有页码,基本格式与上述同;如无页码,标段落(par 或pars)。例: Therefore, as Fang Wenli argues, in the English class, we dont have to completely copy the ideal and natural language acquisition environment (Fang Wenli, 2005: pars 9-11). 8)对引语文字的更改 直接引语如出现在正文中间,使用引语的句子不得违反英语语法,不得出现“句中句”。为了使含直接引语的句子合乎语法,往往有必要对引语的文字作一定的更改。如果要删除引语中个别词句,可以用省略号(ellipses“…”)取代删除的词句。如果要加入或者更改个别单词或者词组,则可以将需要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方括号(square brackets“[ ]”)以内。例如: 删除词句: He stated, “The placebo effect,’ ... disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Smith, 1982:76), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied. 添加词组: Smith (1982:276) found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others’] behaviors were studied in this manner.” ? 无论删改还是添加字词均不得变更引语的原意。 ? 注意:如果删除是在句内,应该空一格以后再加省略号。如果删除是在一句整句以后,则应在该整句最后的标点(句号、问号或惊叹号)不空格直接加省略号。省略号应该用三个句点。 综合例子: Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised by critics (Higonnet et al ,1987: 334-35) to include women’s personal and cultural responses to battle and its resultant traumatic effects. Feminist researchers now concur that “It is no longer true to claim that women’s responses to the war have been ignored” (Raitt & Tate, 1997:2). Though these studies focus solely on women’s experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the masculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1975) and Bergonzi (1996). However, Tylee further criticizes Fussell, arguing that his study “treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a sphere beyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions” (1990:6). Similar critique comes from scholars in mainland China(Wang Datong, 2002:111; Zhang Shan 2005:19; Li Shi,2005:par 6). 2.1.2脚注 Footnotes(尾注 Endnotes) 脚注(和尾注)