英语议论文写作之驳论论证结构 作者: fanyu_420 发表日期: 2008-10-08 14:29 点击数: 126 第一部分: 引述别人观点 引述部分: 1. in this argument/analysis, the arguer concludes/claims that… 2. to support/justify the conclusion, the arguer points out/ provides the evidence that…and that…; in addition, the arguer reasons that… 3. there is a growing public concern over the issue of… 4. the speaker in the title statement advocates that… 第二部分: 攻击别人观点 攻击论点: 1. to sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility cause the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. 2. to strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning… 3. moreover, it would be necessary for the arguer to rule out all the above-mentioned possibilities before we can better evaluate the argument. 4. additionally, the arguer must provide evidence to rule out other possible causes… 5. in summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to prove that… 6. the argument suffers from several critic fallacies/ flaws. 7. the arguer over simplifies the issue of… 8. the arguer unfairly assume that… 9. the arguer fails to take into account other factors that… 10. the arguer fails to convince us that…contributes to/ leads to/ results in… 11. the major problem with this argument is that… 12. before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out another flaw. 13. several other flaws undermines the arguments. 13. many people may sincerely believe that…, but one does not have to go very too far to see that… 14. some people may take for granted that…, yet careful examination would review that…; 15. another misconception many people may hold is that…, but what they fail to notice is that…; 攻击论据: 1. In the absence of all this information, it is impossible for us to evaluate that… 2. However, the arguer fails to provide any information regarding … 3. to conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Before we accept the conclusion, the arguer must present more facts to demonstrate that… 4. to solidify the argument, the arguer would have to produce more evidence concerning… 5. moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence that… 6. the procedure of the survey might be problematic. 7. the assumption that…is open to doubt/unreliable/unfounded/groundless/unwarranted. 8. the result of the survey lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong support to the arguer’s assumption. 9. the comparison between A and B is incomplete. 攻击论证逻辑: 1. As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that… 2. the arguer commits a fallacy of… 3. the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between A and B. 4. another problem that weakens/undermines the logic of this argument is that… 第三部分: 表述自己的观点 表达观点: 1. according t the title statement,…, while I agree that…; 2. I insist that…; 3. it is natural that…; 4. it is natural that people may disagree each other over such a controversial issue due to their different experience and values. On balance, I am inclined to support/ oppose the idea that… 5. in the last analysis, I argue that…; 6. in my opinion, …; 第四部分: 展开具体论证 论证: 1. in the first place, in the second place,…, last; 2. firstly, secondly,…, lastly; 3. to begin with, next, in addition, finally; 4. to start with, moreover, additionally, last; 5. first of all/ first and foremost, moreover, additionally, last but not least, finally; 6. on the one hand,…, on the other hand,…; 7. for one thing, for another thing;