许文龙1,2
,赵广举1,3
,穆兴民1,3,高鹏1,3,孙文义1,3
1. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 712100, 陕西杨凌;
2. 中国科学院大学, 100049, 北京;
3. 西北农林科技大学 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 712100, 陕西杨凌
项目名称:中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项"泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设"(XDA20040202);国家重点研发计划"黄河流域水沙多时空演变及其分异规律"(2016YFC0402401);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室培育项目"黄河水沙多时空演变及驱动机制"(A314021403-Q2)
第一作者简介:许文龙(1993-), 男, 硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:xuwenlong16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
通信作者简介:赵广举(1980-), 男, 博士, 研究员。主要研究方向:流域水文过程与土壤侵蚀模拟。E-mail:gjzhao@ms.iswc.ac.cn
摘要:为明确黄河上游干流不同区间径流、泥沙的时空变化特征,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、Spearman秩相关系数法、累积距平法和小波变换等方法分析黄河上游干流唐乃亥至头道拐区间10个水文站1950—2012年的水沙变化与水沙关系特征。黄河上游干流大部分水文站的径流量和输沙量具有较好的正相关关系。各站年径流量和年输沙量在60余年间均呈现减少趋势,且大部分站点减少趋势显著。年径流量和年输沙量突变年份多发生在1968年、1985年、1986年和1989年。月径流量和月输沙量具有0.5~1、3~5和7~9年的振荡周期。上游自上至下各站点代际径流量表现为先增大再减少的趋势,输沙量表现为逐渐增大的趋势。黄河唐乃亥至头道拐区间水沙减少趋势显著,大型水利工程建设、宁蒙灌区灌溉引用水、水土保持措施等是上游水沙变化的主要原因。
关键词:径流量输沙量水沙变化黄河上游
Variations and correlations of runoffs and sediment loads in the main stream of the upper reaches of the Yellow River over the past 60 years
XU Wenlong1,2
,ZHAO Guangju1,3
,MU Xingmin1,3,GAO Peng1,3,SUN Wenyi1,3
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Abstract:[Background]Climate change and intensive human activities have greatly altered the terrain landscapes, and further resulted in significant changes in hydrological processes throughout the world. In recent years, changes of the ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have affected the life of downstream public due to natural and human factors. The objective of this study is to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of runoff and sediment load in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and their potential causes. Better understanding of the variations of runoff and sediment load is greatly helpful for soil and water conservation, water resources planning and Yellow River basin management.[Methods]This study systematically analyzed the variations of runoff and sediment load in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from 1950 to 2012 based on the observed data from 10 hydrological stations with some hydrological statistical methods. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Spearman's rank correlation test were utilized to characterize the trends of hydrologic variables in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The accumulative annual anomaly and wavelet transform method were applied to evaluate the abrupt changes and periodic characteristics of runoff and sediment load over the study period.[Results]1) Both multi-year average runoff and sediment load showed decreasing trends over the past 6 decades at 10 hydrological stations from Tangnaihai to Toudaoguai in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and reducing trend in the most of stations was significant (P