standardrequirements. Post weld heat treatment pipesafter heat treatment, hardness tests should conducted,hardness test sampling lessthan 10%, hardness 120%,15CrM carbonsteel pipe shall lessthan base metal steel after heat treatment, hardness should greaterthan parentmaterial 125%.Rate pipelinenondestructive testing shall carriedout according designrequirements, designrequirements SH3501-2002table 10 "percentage radiographicexamination weldedjoints acceptablelevel", fixednumber lessthan totalnumber 40%weld inspection. projecthas wallthickness 32mm20# steel high pressure tube, x-rays cannot penetrate, situationmay allownon-destructive testing γ-ray,used weld backing two-layerwelds before filled raydetection method, otherlayer ultrasonicdetector method. Should existingnational standards radiographictesting Gastank used chain projectpromoted upsidedownconstruction. Chain reversal installation method shown followingfigure: welders Welders weldingmethods projectshould personnelissued pressurevessels welder examination rules qualificationexamination, after passing qualificationcertificate weldingwork. Tank welding manual arc welding, automatic welding. Manual arc welding company has excellentwelder, took part allkinds large,medium smallstorage tank, pressure vessel welding, richexperience, manual welding characteristics locationrestrictions, welding deformation easy engineeringwelding construction shieldedmetal arc welding methods. 第一篇总论 第一章 绪论 思考题 1.1 简述地下建筑结构的概念及其型式。 1.2 地下建筑结构,其特征与地上建筑结构有何区别? 1.3 地下工程按使用功能分类主要内容有哪些? 1.4 地下工程机构的设计理论和方法主要包括哪些? 1.5 简述地下建筑结构设计程序及内容。 第二章 地下建筑结构的荷载 思考题 2.1 地下建筑荷载分为哪几类,常用的组合原则有哪些。 2.2 简述地下建筑荷载的计算原则? 2.3 简述土压力可分为几种形式?其大小关系如何? 2.4 静止土压力是如何确定的? 2.5 库伦理论的基本假定是什么?并给出其一般土压力计算公式? 2.6 应用库伦理论,如何确定粘性土中的土压力大小? 2.7 简述朗肯土压力理论的基本假定? 2.8 如何计算分层土的土压力? 2.9 不同地面超载作用下的土压力是如何计算的? 2.10 考虑地下水时的水平压力是如何计算的?"水土分算"与"水土合算"有何区别?各自的 适用情况如何? 2.11 简述围岩压力的概念及其影响因素。 2.12 简述围岩压力计算的两种理论方法?二者有何区别? 2.13 简述弹性抗力的基本概念?其值大小与哪些因素有关? 2.14 什么是“脱离区”? 2.15 什么是弹性抗力,影响因素有哪些?目前确定弹性抗力的理论有哪些? 2.16 简述温克尔假定。 2.17 简述坑道开挖前原始岩体中的应力状态和开挖坑道后围岩中的应力状态。 习题 2.1 用朗肯土压力公式计算图示挡土墙上主动土压力分布及其合力。已知填土为砂土,填土 面作用均不荷载q=20kPa。(土的物理指标见下图) 2.2 用水土分算法计算图示挡土墙上主动土压力分布及水压力分布图及其合力。已知填土为 砂土。(土的物理指标见下图) meet standardrequirements. Post weld heat treatment pipesafter heat treatment, hardness tests should conducted,hardness test sampling lessthan 10%, hardness 120%,15CrM carbonsteel pipe shall lessthan base metal steel after heat treatment, hardness should greaterthan parentmaterial 125%.Rate pipelinenondestructive testing shall carriedout according designrequirements, designrequirements SH3501-2002table 10 "percentage radiographicexamination weldedjoints acceptablelevel", fixednumber lessthan totalnumber 40%weld inspection. projecthas wallthickness 32mm20# steel high pressure tube, x-rays cannot penetrate, situationmay allownon-destructive testing γ-ray,used weld backing two-layerwelds before filled raydetection method, otherlayer ultrasonicdetector method. Should existingnational standards radiographictesting Gastank used chain projectpromoted upsidedownconstruction. Chain reversal installation method shown followingfigure: welders Welders weldingmethods projectshould personnelissued pressurevessels welder examination rules qualificationexamination, after passing qualificationcertificate weldingwork. Tank welding manual arc welding, automatic welding. Manual arc welding company has excellentwelder, took part allkinds large,medium smallstorage tank, pressure vessel welding, richexperience, manual welding characteristics locationrestrictions, welding deformation easy engineeringwelding construction shieldedmetal arc welding methods. 第三章 弹性地基梁理论 思考题 3.1 什么是弹性地基梁,其作用是什么,它与普通梁的区别? 3.2 弹性地基梁计算理论的基本假设有那些? 3.3 简述弹性地基梁两种计算模型的区别。 3.4 简述弹性特征系数 的含义及其确定公式。3.5 何为弹性地基短梁、长梁及刚性梁?有什么区别? 习题 3.1 如图所示,无限长弹性地基梁,在O 点作用集中力P,求梁的变位及内力公式。 3.2 如图所示,两端简支于刚性支座上的弹性地基梁,沿全长受有场布荷载q。试导出 梁的变位及内力公式。 3.3 设在无限长梁上作用四个集中荷载,试求B点的挠度及弯矩。已知109N/m3 3.4 下图为一混凝土地基梁,梁高H=1.2 m,梁长L=4m,混凝土材料采用C30,地基为丙1类片状砂岩。K= 1.0109N/m3,梁端荷载MA=1.0102kN.m ,QA=1.0102kN, MB=50kN.m ,QB=100102kN,E=3.0107kN/m2。试分段作梁的弯距图。 3.5 下图为一钢筋混凝土地基梁,梁高H=0.45 m,梁宽B=1.0 m,梁长L=3.43m, 混凝土材 料采用 C20 梁端荷载MA=31.249kN.m ,QA=710.275kN standardrequirements. Post weld heat treatment pipesafter heat treatment, hardness tests should conducted,hardness test sampling lessthan 10%, hardness 120%,15CrM carbonsteel pipe shall lessthan base metal steel after heat treatment, hardness should greaterthan parentmaterial 125%.Rate pipelinenondestructive testing shall carriedout according designrequirements, designrequirements SH3501-2002table 10 "percentage radiographicexamination weldedjoints acceptablelevel", fixednumber lessthan totalnumber 40%weld inspection. projecthas wallthickness 32mm20# steel high pressure tube, x-rays cannot penetrate, situationmay allownon-destructive testing γ-ray,used weld backing two-layerwelds before filled raydetection method, otherlayer ultrasonicdetector method. Should existingnational standards radiographictesting Gastank used chain projectpromoted upsidedownconstruction. Chain reversal installation method shown followingfigure: welders Welders weldingmethods projectshould personnelissued pressurevessels welder examination rules qualificationexamination, after passing qualificationcertificate weldingwork. Tank welding manual arc welding, automatic welding. Manual arc welding company has excellentwelder, took part allkinds large,medium smallstorage tank, pressure vessel welding, richexperience, manual welding characteristics locationrestrictions, welding deformation easy engineeringwelding construction shieldedmetal arc welding methods. 3.6 如图,两端自由的弹性地基梁,长l=4m,宽b=0.2m,EI=133310N,地基的弹性 压缩指数K=410kN/m3,求梁1、2 以及3 截面的弯矩。 第四章 地下建筑结构的计算方法 思考题 4.1 荷载结构对受力模型有何假设 4.2 荷载结构法将土体对结构的作用分为哪两部分 4.3 荷载结构法如何考虑管片与地基间的相互作用 4.4 用杆系有限元方法分析地下静定结构的一般步骤 4.5 半衬砌及厚拱薄墙衬砌的计算简图中的基本假定有哪些? 4.6 简述求拱脚弹性固定系数的方法。 4.7 自由变形圆环法的基本那假定有哪些。 4.8 简述地层结构法主要包括的内容。 4.9 地层结构法的受力模型如何假设,与荷载结构法有何异同。 4.10 地层结构法中将土层模拟为平面材料,这对结构的实际受力有何影响。 4.11 举例说明隧道施工过程中的时空效应。 第五章 地下建筑结构可靠度理论 思考题 5.1 可靠度的基本概念,地下工程的可靠度分析的特点。 5.2 简述可靠度指标的计算方法。 5.2 地下结构系统可靠度评价的常规方法有哪些。 5.3 可靠度分析对地下施工技术、方案设计有何影响。 第二篇 土层地下建筑结构 meet standardrequirements. Post weld heat treatment pipesafter heat treatment, hardness tests should conducted,hardness test sampling lessthan 10%, hardness 120%,15CrM carbonsteel pipe shall lessthan base metal steel after heat treatment, hardness should greaterthan parentmaterial 125%.Rate pipelinenondestructive testing shall carriedout according designrequirements, designrequirements SH3501-2002table 10 "percentage radiographicexamination weldedjoints acceptablelevel", fixednumber lessthan totalnumber 40%weld inspection. projecthas wallthickness 32mm20# steel high pressure tube, x-rays cannot penetrate, situationmay allownon-destructive testing γ-ray,used weld backing two-layerwelds before filled raydetection method, otherlayer ultrasonicdetector method. Should existingnational standards radiographictesting Gastank used chain projectpromoted upsidedownconstruction. Chain reversal installation method shown followingfigure: welders Welders weldingmethods projectshould personnelissued pressurevessels welder examination rules qualificationexamination, after passing qualificationcertificate weldingwork. Tank welding manual arc welding, automatic welding. Manual arc welding company has excellentwelder, took part allkinds large,medium smallstorage tank, pressure vessel welding, richexperience, manual welding characteristics locationrestrictions, welding deformation easy engineeringwelding construction shieldedmetal arc welding methods. 第六章 浅埋式结构 思考题 6.1 一般浅埋地下结构的形式有那些? 6.2 浅埋式结构的适用场合。 6.3 浅埋式结构的地层荷载如何考虑。 6.4 引道结构的形式有那些?其稳定性如何得到保证? 6.5 矩形框架结构法的计算原理,计算时如何简化。 习题 图示一双跨对称的框架。几何尺寸及荷载见图中。底板厚度 0.5m 材料的弹性模量 E=2.0107kN/m2 ,地基的弹性模量Eo=5000kN/m2。设为平面变形问题,绘出框架弯距图。 第七章 附建式大楼地下室 思考题 7.1 附建式大楼地下室的结构形式有哪些。 7.2 附建式大楼与主楼间的基础连接处如何处理。 7.3 如何考虑主楼的基础荷载对附建式大楼结构受力的影响。 7.4 附建式人防工事在设计时,需要注意那些事项? 第八章 沉井与沉箱结构 8.1 简述沉井基础的特点及施工步骤。 8.2 沉井由哪部分组成?各起什么作用? 8.3 简述沉井结构设计计算的内容。 第十章 盾构法隧道结构 思考题 10.1 盾构法隧道的适用条件及优缺点。 10.2 盾构的分类?圆形盾构又分几种?每种盾构的适用条件和优缺点? 10.3 衬砌管片的结构构造,举出三种常见型号并分析其优缺点? 10.4 盾构法隧道衬砌结构的作用,衬砌结构的类型及其适用条件。 10.5 圆形衬砌管片拼装方式? 10.6 隧道衬砌内力分布与管片结构的关系? 10.7 隧道衬砌结构承受哪些荷载作用,在计算这些荷载时应注意哪些问题。 10.8 隧道衬砌结构内力计算有哪几种方法,各个方法有何异同,优缺点。 meet standardrequirements. Post weld heat treatment pipesafter heat treatment, hardness tests should conducted,hardness test sampling lessthan 10%, hardness 120%,15CrM carbonsteel pipe shall lessthan base metal steel after heat treatment, hardness should greaterthan parentmaterial 125%.Rate pipelinenondestructive testing shall carriedout according designrequirements, designrequirements SH3501-2002table 10 "percentage radiographicexamination weldedjoints acceptablelevel", fixednumber lessthan totalnumber 40%weld inspection. projecthas wallthickness 32mm20# steel high pressure tube, x-rays cannot penetrate, situationmay allownon-destructive testing γ-ray,used weld backing two-layerwelds before filled raydetection method, otherlayer ultrasonicdetector method. Should existingnational standards radiographictesting Gastank used chain projectpromoted upsidedownconstruction. Chain reversal installation method shown followingfigure: welders Welders weldingmethods projectshould personnelissued pressurevessels welder examination rules qualificationexamination, after passing qualificationcertificate weldingwork. Tank welding manual arc welding, automatic welding. Manual arc welding company has excellentwelder, took part allkinds large,medium smallstorage tank, pressure vessel welding, richexperience, manual welding characteristics locationrestrictions, welding deformation easy engineeringwelding construction shieldedmetal arc welding methods. 10.9 隧道衬砌结构断面选择时都应验算哪些内容,在验算时都应注意什么。 10.10 隧道衬砌结构的防水、抗渗都可以采取那些措施。 第十一章 沉管结构 11.1 沉管运输中干舷设计的意义。 11.2 沉管结构设计的方法和原则。 11.3 沉管管段之间连接处理的方法。 11.4 沉管基础的处理措施有那些? 第十三章 13.1保证顶管工程的成功实施,需要解决好那些关键问题? 13.2 常用的顶管工具有那些? 13.3 阐述中继接力顶进技术的原理。 第三篇 岩石地下建筑结构 第十四章 整体式隧道结构 14.1 什么是半衬砌结构及其使用范围? 14.2 半衬砌结构的计算简图? 14.3 直墙拱结构的优缺点有那些? 14.4 直墙拱结构的计算简图及计算原理? 14.5 简述直墙拱结构的设计计算步骤。 第十五章 喷锚结构 15.1 什么是喷锚支护?它与传统的模注混凝土衬砌相比有那些优点?它与新奥法有何关 15.2喷锚支护的工艺特点和作用机理? 15.3 从体现现代支护原理角度浅谈喷锚支护的设计与施工原则。 15.4 什么是复合衬砌?其受力变形的特点? 15.5 二次衬砌的主要作用以及其结构设计的基本要求? 15.6 喷锚支护结构中,锚杆主要起到什么作用? 15.7 阐述喷射混凝土支护的作用机理? 15.8 某土质圆形隧道,埋深30m,毛洞跨度6.6m,土体重量γ=18kN/m3,平均粘聚力 C=100kPa,内摩擦角 φ=30,土体塑性区平均弹性模量 E=100MPa,泊松比 μ=0.35。支 护后洞壁的位移u=1.65cm。 试求隧道周边的塑性区厚度。 第十六章 特殊结构 16.1 常用的洞门类型有哪些?各有什么作用? 16.2 确定洞门尺寸应遵循哪些原则? 16.3 常见的岔洞形式有哪些? 16.4 简述竖井和斜井的围岩压力计算方法。