1.说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。2.状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。3、状语一般由副词、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语或从句来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等A、副词一般在句子中做状语.He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是地点状语.B、不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.C、介词短语Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery.D、从句作状语When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.E、分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper。Inhibited in one direction,it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.英语中补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。