which的用法
1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或者情况(单数或复数).
2、在问句中作疑问代词,在名词从句中作为连接代词用,其含义为“哪儿,哪些”.
3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容,而是指具体的人、时间、地点,则不用which.
这里主要讲解一下再定语从句中的用法:
一、关系代词that和which在定语从句中作主语和宾语,放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,指物时,一般情况下可互换,如:
Here is the pen that/which you lost yesterday(that/which 指物作宾语)
A plane is machine that/which can fly(that/which指物,做主语)
He is the most careful boy that I know(that指人,作宾语)
The man that works in this room is a chemist(that 指人,作主语)
二、that、which在从句中作主语时,不能省略.作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略.如上例1和3中的that、which都可省略.
三、关系代词在主语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须贺先行词一致.
wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.
四、在定语从句中,关系代词that和which指物时,一般没有区别,但下列几种情况中不能互换:
1、只能用that的情况:
a、先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little等不定代词(something后也可以用which):
Is there anything (that) I can do for you town?
That is all (that) I Know.
b、先行词被序数词所修饰时:
The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan.
c、先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时:
This is one of the most exciting football games(that)I have ever seen.
The nanjing yangtse river bridge is the longest bridge (that) they ever seen.
d、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时:
This is the only thing (that) we can do now.
He gave me the same pen (that) were written by Lu Xun?
This is the very books that were
e、当先行词中即有人又有物时:
The man and the car (that)you want to see are all here .你想见的人和车斗在这.
f、that 可指人,which则不能.
who is the man that is reading new paper over there?
g、 在“the time when”等结构和某些事件状语中,when常被that代替,而且that往往被省略.
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
h、 way 后面可根由that引导的定语从句,但that一般都省略:
That was the way she looked after us.
在下列情况下,只能用which
a、放在介词后面做介词定语时:
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion
但是,如果把介词放在从句后部.这时which 就可换为that并常省略,如上例可以改为:
This is the question that we are had so much discussion about.
b、在非限定性定语从句,无论指物指人,都不能用that,指物时,只能用which和其他关系代词,如:
All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.
这个地方注意一下:引导词和先行词
引导词:就是引导从句的词,比如whether,how,what ,why,when等具有引导其后从句功能呢过得词.
先行词:定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分.
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