存在的危险因素黑色或西班牙裔人种在腋下或皱褶部位出现的新发色素性天鹅绒样皮损皮损可分布于颈后、腋下、外阴、脐周、大腿内侧及腹股沟部位体重升高广泛分布突然出现的多发性脂溢性角化症
年龄>40 岁幼儿/青年人女性软垂疣(皮赘)肢端分布瘙痒黏膜或掌跖部位皮损体重减轻
肥胖胰岛素抵抗存在 AN 或遗传综合征家族史糖尿病家族史恶性肿瘤药物治疗
空腹血糖空腹血胰岛素测定腹部 CT 检查皮肤活检
撰稿人
作者
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David S. Cassarino, MD, PhD
Consultant Dermatopathologist
Southern California Permanente Medical Group
Sunset Medical Center
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
DSC declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr David Cassarino would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Laura Westerling for her contribution to this topic. LNW declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
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Christine Ko, MD
Assistant Professor of Dermatology
Department of Dermatology
Yale University
New Haven
CT
利益声明
CK declares that she has no competing interests.
John English, MBBS, FRCP
Consultant Dermatologist
Department of Dermatology
Queen's Medical Centre
Nottingham University Hospitals
Nottingham
UK
利益声明
JE de