■ 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(编号 59778024)和黑龙江省自然科学基金 资助项目。 作者单位:董文艺(深圳市规划国土局罗湖分局 518000) 参考文献: [1]W A Pretorious,C J P Laubscher.Control of biological scum in activated sludge plants by means of selective flotation.Wat Sci Tech,1987,19.1003~1011 [2]Jurg Kappeler,Willi Gujer.Inflences of wastewater composition and operating conditions on activated sludge bulking and scum formation.Wat Sci Tech,1994,30(11):181~189 [3]Peter Kampfer,Diethelm Weltin,et al.Research note on growth requirements of filamentous bacteria isolated from bulking and scumming sludge.Wat Res,1995,29(6):1585~1588 [4]E M Seviour,C J Williams,R J Seviour,J A Soddel,K C Lindrea.A survey of filamentous bacterial populations from foaming activated sludge plants in eastern states of Australia.Wat Res,1990,24(4):493~498 [5]Linda L Blackall,Anne E Harbers,P F Greenfield,A C Hayward.Foaming in activated sludge plants:A survey in Queensland,Australia and an evaluation of some control strategies.Wat Res,1991,25(3):313~317 [6]Paul Pitt,David Jenkins.Causes and control of Nocardia in activated sludge.Res Journal WPCF,1990,62(2):143~150 [7]H Chua,K Y Le.A survey of filamentous foaming in activated sludge plants in Hong Kong.Wat Sci Tech,1994,30(11):251~254 [8]王凯军.活性污泥膨胀的机理与控制.北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1992 [9]Daniel K Cha,David Jenkins,William P Lewis,Wendell H Kido.Process control factors influencing Nocardia populations in activated sludge.Wat Envir Res,1992,64(1):37~43 [10]Manfred Ziegler,Martina Lange,Wolfgang Dott.Isolation and morphological and cytological characterization of filamentous bacteria from bulking sludge.Wat Res,1990,24(12):1437~1451 [11]David Jenkins.Towards a comprehensive model of activated sludge bulking and foaming.Wat Sci Tech,1992.25 [12]Jacques A Soddell,Robert J Seviour.Relationship between temperature and growth of organisms causing Nocardia foams in activated sludge plants.Wat Res,1995,29(6):1555~1558 [13]D Mamais,A Andreadakis,et al.Causes of,and control strategies for,MICROTHRIX PARVICELLA bulking and foaming in nutrient removal activated sludge systems.Wat Sci Tech,1998.37 [14]Y J Shao,Mark Starr,et al.Polymer addition as a solution to Nocardia foaming problems.Wat Environ Res,1997.69 [15]Asa Dillner Westlund,Eva Hagland.Foaming in anaerobic digesters caused by MICROTHRIX PARVICELLA.Wat Sci Tech,1998.37 [16]Lindal Blackall,Valter Tandoi,David Jenkins.Continuous culture studies with Nocardia amarae from activated sludge and their implications for Nocardia foaming control.Res journal WPCF,1991.63 [17]C Hanson,K Atasi,J Packman,E Singleton,A Glymph.A case study -relating activated sludge nutrient loakings to the appearance of Nocardia spp.Foaming.Wat Sci Tech,1992.26 [18]O E Albertson,P Hendricks.Bluking and foaming organism control at Phoenix,AZ WWTP.Wat Sci Tech,1992.26 [19]J Kappeler,W Gujer.Scumming due to actinomycetes:Towards a better understanding by modelling.Wat Res,1994.28 [20]D K Cha,et al.Discussion of process control factors Influencing Nocardia populations sludge.Wat Envir Res,1993.65 [21]Tyler Richards,Phil Nungesser,Carl Jones.Solution of Nocardia foaming problems.Res Journal WPCF,1990.62 [22]杨宝林.活性污泥膨胀的特性研究.中国给水排水,1993,9(5): 32~34 [23]M Goi,T Nishimura,S Kuribayashi,T Okouchi,T Murakami.An experimental study to suppress scum formation accompanying the abnormal growth of Nocardia by adding ozone in the aeration tank.Wat Sci Tech,1994.30 [24]Chu-Fei Ho,David Jenkins.The effect of surfactants on Nocardia foaming in activated sluge.Wat Sci Tech,1991.23 [25]周利,彭永臻,等.丝状菌污泥膨胀的影响因素与控制.环境科学 进展,1999,7(2):88~93 [26]崔和平,彭永臻,等.关于污泥膨胀研究的现状与展望.哈尔滨建 筑大学学报,1997,30(3):113~116 收稿日期:1999-09-02 在调试阶段,活性污泥培养初期会产生大量泡沫,原因是活性污泥没形成,污水中的表面活 性剂无法降解(通俗的说就像水里加多了洗衣粉) ,等活性污泥增多后,吸附力、降解力都 有增加,泡沫会逐步消失。 运行阶段,活性污泥中毒,污泥中菌落死亡导致的处理能力降低,原因和调试阶段出现的泡 沫一样。硝化反应中出现反硝化作用产生的气泡较少,污水很浑浊。 还有种可能,在运行时,水体中生长出大量的丝状菌、放线菌,容易产生大量泡沫,该泡沫 多呈黄褐色,较难处理。 解决方法一般分为三种: 物理法:高速水流、水珠击碎泡沫,安装喷淋管之类,治标不治本。 化学法:投放化学药剂,如煤油、聚丙烯酰胺等,成本较高。 生物法:主要针对微生物形成的泡沫,处理方向窄。 自身氧化就是微生物在氧气充足而营养不足也就是污水中碳源等不足时自身继续氧化反应, 导致细菌内部的物质也被分解 结果细菌的质量都下降,变成细小悬浮物,随水溜走。 自溶是微生物死亡的一种方式,发生自溶的原因现在还没有定论。细胞自溶后,即 从有机生命体转为普通有机物。 普通有机物也就能为其他生命作为食物而吸收利用。 自溶实 际上是由细胞内部的降解酶引起的。在正常情况下,降解酶作用为合成酶的作用抵消,当细 胞死亡时,合成酶作用消失,导致自溶发生(类似于人 人吃食物摄取能量 ATP,当食物能量 消耗完,将利用蛋白质、脂肪来获取能量维持生命,时间越久 肚子越饿 这是因为微生物吃 肉啊 故有了减肥秘诀 少吃饿肚子 嘿嘿) 。 内源呼吸实际上就是通常所说呼吸作用。微生物学采用这一术语的原因是微生物获得 能量的方式多样化,不局限于高级生命体的呼吸作用(有氧呼吸) ,也有厌氧呼吸。呼吸是 生命体将外界能量(食物中所含的化学能)转化为生命体内部能量(ATP/MADP 等形式) 过程。