英语中,动词make的使役用法俯拾即是,而且就其宾语和宾语补语的词类和结构来说,也丰富多彩,生动活泼。归纳起来,主要有以下三种结构形式:
1.make+名词(代词)+动词不定式短语,-ed分词短语,介词短语,名词短语,形容词或形容词短语。如:
To quote from Albert Einstein, science is the attempt to make the chaotic diversity of our sense experience correspond to a logically uniform system of thought.
引用阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的话来说,科学是试图使我们头脑中一大堆杂乱无章的感性经验,符合于逻辑上前后一致的思维体系。
须知,不定式短语在主动结构中作宾语补足语时,不带to;但在被动结构中作主语补足语时,不定式短语则必须带to。如:
I was made to feel at ease.The novel,Of Mice and Men,made the name of Steinbeck known throughout America.
《人鼠之间》这部小说使斯坦贝克的名字在美国家喻户晓。
Filth and high prices have combined to make London and other cities depressing places to live in.
污秽和物价上涨使伦敦和其他城市成了令人压抑的地方。
We should make these materials of most value.
我们必须使这些材料变得很有价值。
It was the determination that made life worth living for so many honest people.
正是这种决心使许多正直的人生活得有意义。
2.make+形容词(短语)+名词短语这是一种倒装结构。为使句子结构保持平衡,通常将较长的名词短语移置补足语之后,不加引导词汇作形式宾语。如:
The telescope made possible the observation of the far-off stars.