英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词和不及物动词的区别在于所带的宾语不同。不及物动词只能带准宾语(动量宾语,时量宾语和数量宾语)。解析不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语。例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth。(不能说跑什么东西,但run指运作时是及物动词,例如:He is running this program now) 分清及物不及物动词: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:及物动词的主要用法及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,get,found,like,,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell....作不及物的动词不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:"主+谓"结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed....两用且意义不同的动词如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody,our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve....这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有:beat　vi.跳动 vt. 敲,揍,打;　grow vi.生长 vt.　种植play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅ring　vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话　speak vi.讲话　vt. 说(语言)hang　vi. 悬挂 vt.　绞死　operate vi.动手术　vt. 操作在英语语法错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行(不及物动词+介词+宾语),如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;*③a. The children are listening the music.b. The children are listening to the music.*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.b. She is laughing at the crippled man.反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和⑥:⑤ John is giving a book to me.⑥ Who will answer this question?如果无意中把介词加上,就不正确了,如:*⑦ Who will answer to this question?下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”“awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting”也行。许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.⑨ In our education system,we stress upon examination results.⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的。错误● The young must obey to their elders.● Don't approach to that odd-looking man.● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.● Do you hope to serve for your nation?● When did Susan marry with Paul?介词“to,on,for,with”都要去掉才对。为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:① I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.② He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:① Don't approach such a person.②Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?及物动词与不及物动词的区别及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds can fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教全心全意为人民服务及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语!如果你想要分得仔细一点就看上面的讲解和例句!有人会问go shopping中的go是不是及物动词?不及物动词和及物动词的区别是能否接宾语,接宾语的是及物动词,不能接宾语的是不及物动词,而这里go shopping中的shopping又不是作go的宾语,只是和go连用构成固定用法,去做某件事情,有很多,如go swimming,gohiking,goskiing,go skating等,go shopping在这作的是动名词的形式,所以下次见到由go组成的动名词形式不要说go是及物动词哦!