第一步,根据这个汉语句子的上下文,将它改 写成一个有明显―主谓宾‖结构的汉语句子。假设―不行就算 啦‖这个句子的上文是:我们想访问这个网站,但它的网址 好象不对。下文是:我们再换一个网站试试吧。那么根据上 下文的意思,我们可以将―不行就算啦‖,改写为―这个网址 如果不能用,我们就放弃它吧‖。 第三步,对这个英语句子进行简化,删除原句中间没有的单词,比如 URL(网址)、we(我们)等,保留原句中间已有的 单词,比如 unavailable(不行)、give up(算啦)等,并根据英 语的习惯,对单词和句子做适当调整,即可形成最终的英语 译文(下面第二句)。 unavailable,we should give up. 这个网址 如果不能用,我们就放弃它吧。 Give up 看到这里,有些的读者可能会问:如果在英语考试时,只有―不行就算啦‖孤零零一个句子,没有上下文,在这种情况 11 下,应当怎样办呢?其实很好办!在这种情况下,您可以像 小学生造句那样,将―不行就算啦‖这个句子,即兴改写为一 个有明显―主谓宾‖结构的句子,比如即兴改写为―这台电脑 如果不工作,我们就放弃它吧‖,然后按照上面介绍的三步 走方法,形成最终的英语译文(请看下面两个例句)。 computerdoes work,we should give up. 这台 电脑如果不工作,我们就放弃它吧。 Giveup unworkable.不行就算啦。 PartOne 语法衔接(句子成分) (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓 语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there 结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可 由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和 主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 12 例如: 1990s,American country music has become more morepopular.(名词) We often speak English greatpleasure.(不定式) Smokingdoes harm richshould help Whenwe Englishtest has beendecided.(主语从句) foreignlanguage.(it 作形式主 语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 语由动词充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是 要么乱用be 动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepractices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep twoweeks. He has caught badcold. students.13 (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、 不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话 语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如: Our teacher weatherhas turned cold.(形容词) Threetimes seven twentyone?(数词) His job teachEnglish.(不定式) Hishobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) machinemust order.(介词短语)Time over.(副词)注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常 简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住. hehas never been abroad.(表语从句) (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾 语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构, 这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如: exhibitionyesterday.(名词) 14 heavyrain prevented me form coming Howmany dictionaries do you have? havefive.(数词) houseworkyesterday.(名词 化形容词) Hepretended seeme.(不定式短语) enjoylistening popularmusic.(动名词短语) hisoffice.(宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendme your dictionary, please.如果同 学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子:give me book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思(.2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make +宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形 容词,不用副词.例如: Hisfather named him Dongming.(名词) boatwhite.(形容词) 15 freshair (副词)You mustn’t force him lendhis money you.(不定式短语)We saw her entering room.(现在分词)We found everything goodorder.(介词短语) soonmake our city what your city (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示: beautifulcity.(形容词) China developingcountry; America developedcountry.(分词) thirtywomen teachers ourschool.(名词) His rapid progress Englishmade us surprised.(代词) Ourmonitor classroom.(不定式短语) teachingplan nextterm has been worked out.(动 名词) articleabout how learnEnglish.(介词 短语) (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词),说明动作或 状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Lighttravels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived tenyears.(介词短语) 16 havepassed nationalcollege entrance examination.(不定式短语) roommaking modelplane. (分词短语) Wait Onceyou begin, you must continue.(状语从句) Howabout meeting again six?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?就是原因状语) Lastnight she didn’t go danceparty because shallgo doesn’train.(条件状语) MrSmith lives thirdfloor.(地点状语) Sheput greatcare.(方式状 Shecame herhand.(伴随状语) catchup mustwork harder. (目的状语) sotired hefell asleep immediately.(结果状语) Sheworks very hard though she amtaller than he is.(比较状语) 用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾17 hopeyou verywell. tired.Right now summervacation helpingmy Dad farm.August hottestmonth here. riceharvest, so every day workfrom dawn until dark. Sometimes we go workingafter dark ourtractors. We grow rice northwhere growwheat. Wehave farm.Although large,my Dad has only two men working heemploys more men harvest.My brother takes care vegetablegarden. doesn‘toften rain summerhere. result,we have vegetablegarden. Every evening we pump water from runsalong channels differentparts 三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~): MostSaturday evenings party,even harvesttime. partiesoften make us very happy. We cook meat openfire outside. great!Americans eat toomuch myopinion. Some myfriends drink beer. don‘t,because drivehome after 18your letter you asked about differentareas fivedifferent time areas mystate we fourteenhours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have China?Well, muststop getsome sleep. Please give my best regards yourparents. manhere now manwho herenow herenow werewet appletasted Hegot up yesterdaymorning. wereall very tired, wouldstop We,us Us,we We,our We,we 19 Hefound streetmuch 8.Ithink learnEnglish well. beinglooked neverforget PartTwo 词汇衔接(1-5) 中考视点:v.增加,添加。 goingout; youadd some wood? weadd marksup, we’ll get 高考强化:v.补充说。常见短语:add up havenothing myearly statement. numbersadd up exactly100. Pleasedon’t____ sugar Mr.Wang’s coffee. He prefers onlymilk. mixup addup anythingyou’d like terry?20 sb;agree sth;agree dosth;agree don’tagree manythings though we goodfriends. Lilei agreed nextday. twosides agreed Yourstory agrees hadalready heard. hot,damp climate didn’t agree thinkdrinking milk every morning good____our health. agree____you. mosthard-working people. Do you think so? catchup –Whendid you last hear____ Jay? -Hephoned me weagreed meet.21 All:中考视点:adj.所有的,全部的 Allhorses allanimals 常见搭配:allright all day all over all kinds timeall allkinds sudden,all once,all way,all allabove all strong,brave aboveall, honest. colorfulflowers Yousay shalltake care______. afterall sametime Youmay drop justgive me 中考视点:v.允许 22 schoolsdon’t allow teacherallowed them three days We’dbetter start earlier. We should allow trafficdelays. 1.–Studentsshould Wefinished lessthan half 中考视点:prep.作为;conj随着。常见搭配:as soon Sheworks shegrew older she gained I’llwrite you somethingmissing. 常见搭配:asif/though 1._____timewent knowmore moreabout him. –Whoshould justcarried out Let’slearn problemwe futuresuccess. PartThree 完形衔接 完形填空是高考中一个非常重要的题型,在整个试题中占20 分,虽然分值比以前有所降低,但是依然不可忽视,完形 填空答题好坏直接决定着英语成绩的高低,所以我们平常必 须重视完形填空的训练。完形填空的命题特征: 文章短,挖空多。《高考考纲》要求文章在200~250 个词的短文中留出 20 个空白,所以要求学生在平常做题和 老师选题时要注意对文章字数的限制。 单词填空为主,短语或词组的整体填空为辅。24 文章的衔接及推理。 (1)从语法角度。(2)从词语用法角度。 (3)从上下 文角度。 (4)从惯用法角度。(5)从常识和知识角度。 haveprinciples(原则about what 15-year-oldboy learned verylesson about life principles. hisway home he found woman’swallet 127her identity card(身份证) Hejumped onto his bicycle