论妨害公务罪之公务:以公务行为的合法性为研究视角 Theory officialbusiness obstructingpublic business: from officialbusiness behavior SouthwestUniversity PoliticalScience 内容摘要公务行为合法性应从法律实质和法律形式两方面来进行判断,不可偏废其一,既强 调实体合法,又重视程序合法。公务行为的合法性在妨害公务罪中占有十分重要的位置, 是行为人构成妨害公务罪的前提和基础,对正确界定本罪具有很大的价值和意义。但在 我国目前的法律中对公务行为的合法性并没有统一而明确的规定,因此在司法实践中对 公务行为合法性及其认定存在诸多分歧与争议。鉴于此,本文在此基础上对公务行为合 法性及其相关问题进行分析与探讨,并提出有关司法对策的建议。 本文分为五个部分,共有约3 万字。 文章第一个部分对妨害公务罪的适用概况进行了概要的阐述。主要分析了妨害公务 罪的概念与特征,存在着适用过度、量刑偏重、保护不平等的情形以及与公务行为合法 性之间的关系。 文章第二个部分分析了妨害公务罪之“公务”。辨析了行政法、刑法意义上的公务 以及本罪中的公务,推导出本罪中的公务是指国家公务以及三者之间在逻辑上存在交叉 的关系。进而分析公务行为的效力由确定力、拘束力和执行力组成,为公务行为的合法 性及其认定的探讨奠定了前提条件。 文章第三个部分分析了公务行为的合法性及其认定。首先分析认为折中说是比较全 面界定公务行为的合法性,进而得出合法公务行为应具备的条件。其次分析公务行为合 法性应由法院站在行为时的立场进行认定,并提出在特定情形下应赋予相对人认定公务 行为合法性的权利。 文章第四个部分分析了妨害公务罪之合法抗辩,从侧面强调公务行为合法性是本罪 的前提和基础。首先分析了不当公务行为的概念,提出不当公务行为应分为一般瑕疵的 公务行为和无效的公务行为,进而推出相对人对一般瑕疵的公务行为不能行使防卫权, 而对无效的公务行为可以行使防卫权。其次探讨了不当公务行为与妨害公务罪的刑法适 用之间的关系。 文章第五个部分针对妨害公务罪在司法实践中存在的问题,从强调和重视公务行为 合法性上在司法方面提出了相关完善的建议。 关键词:公务;公务行为;合法性;妨害公务罪;防卫权 AbstractOfficial behavior legitimacy should from legalnature legalform two aspects ignoredfirst, emphasis legalentities, attachesgreat importance legalprocedure. businessbehavior obstructingpublic business occupies very important position, offenderconstitute obstructingpublic business, correctlydefine greatvalue currentlaw ourcountry officialbusiness behavior clearrules, so officialbusiness behavior judicialpractice manydifferences officialbusiness behavior itsrelated problem analysis putforward relevant judicial countermeasures fiveparts, about30000 words. articlefirst part obstructingpublic business situation paper.Mainly analyzes obstructingpublic business, excessive,sentencing lay particular stress unequalsituation relationshipbetween legitimacy officialbusiness behavior. secondpart analyzing "official"obstructing public business. administrativelaw, criminal law officialcrime, businessrefers nationalbusiness relationshipexists logicbetween cross.Effect businessbehavior analyzedconsists determiningforce bindingforce executiveforce, officialbusiness behavior premisecondition. Article third part analyzes officialbehavior recognized.First analysis think compromise relativelycomprehensive definition officialbusiness behavior, legal official behavior should have obtained.Secondly analyzing official behavior validityshould courtstanding putsforward specificsituations should empower otherparty recognized officialbusiness behavior. articlefourth part analyzes legaldefence obstructingpublic business, from sidestressed officialbehavior legitimacy crime.First analysis officialbehavior improper,inappropriate business behavior should generaldefects businessbehavior invalidofficial behavior, otherparty can't exercise defensegeneral defects businessbehavior, invalidofficial behavior may exercise defense.Secondly discussed inappropriatebusiness behavior relationshipbetween criminallaw applicable obstructingpublic business. articlefifth part obstructingpublic business problems judicialpractice, from valuelegitimacy officialbusiness behavior judicialaspects put forward relevant improvement Suggestions. Key words: business; Public behavior; Legitimacy; Obstructing public business; Defense right 一、妨害公务罪的适用概况..................................................2(一)妨害公务罪概述...................................................2 (二)妨害公务罪的法律适用概况.........................................7 二、妨害公务罪之“公务”的界定...........................................10 (一)何为“公务”....................................................10 (二)公务行为的效力..................................................18 三、公务行为的合法性及其认定.............................................20 (一)公务行为的合法性................................................20 (二)公务行为合法性的认定............................................22 四、妨害公务罪之合法抗辩.................................................24 (一)何谓不当公务行为................................................25 (二)不当公务行为能否防卫............................................26 (三)不当公务行为与妨害公务罪的刑法裁量..............................29 五、妨害公务罪的司法对策.................................................30 (一)准确把握本罪与刑法第十三条但书的关系............................31 (二)准确适用宽严相济的刑事政策......................................33 (三)积极化解矛盾,追求法律效果与社会效果的统一......................34 论.................................................................36参考文献.................................................................37 谢.................................................................40