土壤 Olsen-P 是表征土壤供磷能力、确定磷肥用量和农田磷环境风险的重要 指 标 。 在 这 篇 文 章 中 , 我 们 研 究 如 下 三 方 面 的 问 题 : (i) 调 查 河 北 省 146 个 温 室 大 棚 土 壤 Olsen-P(Oslen-P)和土壤 PH 值, 土壤电导率之间的关系; (ii) 不同磷肥施用量对于蔬菜产量和品质的 影响;(iii) 对于土壤 Olsen-P 严重积累的番茄和黄瓜温室,土壤 Olsen-P 临界值研究。 1 结果与讨论 调查试验 improve, se curity prevention capacity obvi ously enhanced, security hi dde n and se curity a cci dent obvi ous ly reduced, effective guarantee s information he alth development. XX E ducation Ce ntre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monit oring i nformation a nd equipment . By the appropr iate technical staff, XX netw ork engi ne room maintena nce staff on site manag ement and mainte nance on a regular basi s, s che dule d viewi ng of netw orks, sy stems, data bases and ass ociate d equipme nt operating conditions, a nd make a re cord. Com puter la b mainte nance manager s regularly r un a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server sy stems and various data back up, so that there wa s a har dware failure i n a system cra sh can res ume quickly a nd efficie ntly. Com puter la b maintenance managers e stabli sh a network a ntivirus system, Avira V irus system on a r egular ba sis, a nd a nti-vir us s oftware security asse ssme nt, time to upgrade. Computer lab mai ntena nce management for all equipment i n the r oom a reg ular dust, repl ace t he ol d label. 行 进 备 压 稳 过 通 并 连 相 箱 用 共 、 活 生 置 顶 屋 与 均 时 同 。 供 网 管 各 楼 大 向 再 , 到 池 防 经 泵 的 层 二 下 地 在 设 由 淋 喷 动 自 和 统 系 水 给 栓 火 消 Regularly host servers, network s witche s, core routing, firewall s, hardware mai ntena nce, such a s equipme nt failure, s hould be processe d in a timely ma nner i n or der to e ns ure safe and relia ble operation of the system. I n XX city i nformation a nd equipment w as esta blished wit hin t he Ce ntre, e ducati ona l metropolitan area netw ork center machi ne r oom XX. Servers a nd data stores a nd applications t o set up in XX City metropolita n area net work center machine room. Wind owsS erver2003 , window sServer20 08, wi ndowsServer 2012, Linux, the operating system, the data base for S QL S erver2008 , Office s oftware, such a s Micr osoft Office software. S chools (units) of computer, i nformation sy stem security pr oducts for domesti c products, i ncl udi ng the use of 360 a nd ki ngsoft Inter net se curity software. XX education metropolitan area netw ork used by the server for H P, firewall and informati on se curity pr oduct for H uawei a nd Ci sco pr oducts . In t heir daily work, to publi cize relate d knowle dge and information se curity considerations. Enhance d global aware ness of netw ork and information securit y, a nd strive t o achieve netw ork everyone k now s se curity and virus before t he guar d, to impr ove net work a nd informati on s ecurity, e ns ure that the XX educati on system network a nd i nformation system security. Tracking re porting system requires all parties to stre ngthe n collabora tion, work close ly with emerge ncy safety pl an developed XX education metropolitan area netw ork, regul arly carry out emergency dri lls, a nd carried out s pe cial funds every year t o prote ct the security of information. A nnual 2-3 profes sional traini ng for netw ork managers i n the city, formi ng technology w ith a strong professi onal and techni cal team, school network manag ers on common network fail ures and be capable of solvi ng se curity is sue s. Issues that ca nnot be re solve d, timely forms of meeting s, s uch as meeting s, analysis, a nd sol utions thr oug h a meeting, without rolli ng up the a bil ity to solve probl ems, and feedback t o s uperi ors in writing department s to res olve. Thr oug h self-examination, we are wel l aware, relative la ck of investme nt in e ducation, facilities and equipme nt for further update s, educati on development is still uneven, new e ducationma concepts o be furt her enhanced t osignal somesexte restricting t hehave dev elopment of city e ducation. We the opportunity of government supervisi on, to strive the ovince educati on demonstration as a driv ing for ce, further increase i nput in w educati on, toXX, promote t ss helong wi54 ng,per and Li Wanfu, a nd M Jenki ns, a nd Che n nd S ong a nd xiaochuany 7 bitra comrade parti cipat e in provi nce ba ckbone face-to-face or netw ork learni ng,2do ch tease chi ng poi nts are has teachers participate n traini October 17, 20 13, is sue d XXon city ducation i nformation and equipme nt Center on re quireme nts the tea chi ng s chool for g ood satellite station installati onre prepare d tea of notifi requirements chool relnumber ated manageme nt pers onnel number familiari XX pr 9 ovince poi nts digital ducation resource s full cover constructi ma manual, Particul arly with regard t o inst allati on preparation parts accordi ng of to teachers the poi ntaof pr ovince of digital educational resource s in the project construction ma nagement nual . ..need Devi t ces are able to receive TV andnt IP and data, the schools s chool traini ng and s chool -ba sed a ppli cation towill usetake good. A ctively orga nize impl ementation of a divi sion of a for cla ss, apr tea cher in one class a ctivity. XX in counties XX city first to com plete full registration of teachers orking i n efforts thi s city, Sun cla rate of cent res pectivel y, ichael the forefront. InJian, XX, aa divisi on of a clas s, a cla ssun, a total nked first in D ivision activitie s, was a warde d the national ministerial one, pr ea ovincial cond prize, t hird pri ze at the provincial ilevel 3. ng, Actively organize implementati ofethe e-learni ng space t he work of everyone. At present, in the ope n points s pace of public service platformground of pr ovincial educati onal sources cher scation, number 24 44, 8 3 to s the t otal of tea chers , student s 656 of theteachi ope n ng space, the city'se total st ude nts 18 .31 to (j uni orproject hig h school st udeon nts in nagement 3 0 ﹪ above, students not required), registration number t o meet the re quireme nts ndXX students, i nfull XX coverage in first place . Five, information te chnol ogy applicati on capa bility as a means t o boost tea chi ng of tea chers to use informati on, E ducation Bureau of XX title and modern educational te chnology tea cher asse ssment levels li nked to t he examinati on; launched a provi ncial m odel school of modern education technology selecti on, a dvanced unit i n e ducati on a year ( indivi dual) awar d. To expe dite e ducation informatization work , the city establishe d the school runni ng level of supervisi on a nd a sse ssment system. Information educati on i n s chool performance eval uation, educati on a sses sment informati on w ork more than to cut weight 1 0. Practice is a reg ular room supervisi on, education informati on steer ing, ste ering, steering with the end, pr incipals of education i nformation i nto performance ass essme nt and school level m onitori ng a nd eval uation, to develop a s cie ntific, o perational e ducati on i nformation ste ering a sses sment methods , tracking ma nagement of education informati on a nd a ppli cations. By Mar ch 2 016, 100 of the teachers, I parti cipated in a national educati onal technol ogy traini ng for primary and s econdary school teachers, the teachers have made to cut 80 primary a nd middle s chool tea cher s ' educational technology pr oficie ncy test certificate. At prese nt, all schools have access to broa dba nd network s. Training classifi cation trai ning of teachers, school teachers, a cademi c leaders, information technol ogy, tea cher trai ning a nd network manageme nt pers onnel from the County, wit hin t he school ba ck to s chool traini ng once trai ning is compl ete. Through this m ode of classificati on trai ning, i nformation te chnol ogy appl ication ca pability training of teachers i n our city reache d 100. XX series of effective information management systems a nd meas ures esta blis hed by, a nd a num ber of pragmatic, com bine d part-time w orkforce e ducation information, the prote ction of the digital campus constructi on a nd sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Six Bureau attaches great importance to i nformation te chnol ogy se curity, i nfor mation technology se curit y, entr ust XX City Center for e ducational information and equipme nt de dicate d to the w ork. Network s ecurity leadi ng group was s et up, chaired by t he Educati on Burea u Chief, head, for XX education Metr o-network a nd i nformation security emergency response leadership. De puty group lea der for XX e ducati ona l metropolitan area netw ork a nd i nformation security emergency response coor dinati on, command. T he team assist lea der a nd deputy leade r, res ponsi ble for netw ork XX network se curity a nd i nformation ... Team. Information se curity w ork Conference held each semeste r, a nd depl oyment of information se curity of document s iss ued on a reg ular ba sis. I nformation security ass essme nt is included i n the a nnual index. Strictly im plement the information se curity budget t o e nsure information se curity of investment . By XX, educati on i nformation and e qui pment Centre XX netw ork netw ork se curity and information se curit y. A ccor ding t o the information technology security requirements , iss ue d a document re quire s s chools (units) impl ement, defined t he informati on security gui deline s, s pe cific w ork pra ctices , pr oce dures , and requirement s. Clear industry i nformation se curity i nci dents (acci dent s) to dete ct, re port a nd dis pos al pr oces ses. Accordi ng to self -examinati on, t he s chool (units) basic establi she d ha s net work s ecurity management system; the s chool (units) accor ding t o thi s units a ctual, e stablis he d ha s units personnel manageme nt, information system r oom management, a nd equipment ma nagement, and media ma nagement, and netw ork s ecurity construction manag ement, a nd shi ppe d dime nsi on ma nagement, and service outsourci ng, management system; devel ope d has computer and the netw ork of network security res ponsi bility held sy stem, signed has network security res ponsi bility; w ebsite of information management personnel is res ponsi ble for confi dential ma nagement, passw ord ma nagement, on com puter e njoy s indepe ndent right, User name and pa ssw ord of t he computer for its pr oprietar y, and relea se of pr ovisi ons i s pr ohi bited, such a s leaks, investigated for re spons ibilit y. Accor di ng to w ho is in charge of who's in charge, who is r unning a nd who is res ponsi ble for, who uses pri nciple s of w ho i s in charge of management schools (units) define d the r oles a nd re spons ibilitie s of i nformation security, a ssura nc e responsibilities to schools. XX city s chool s (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not cla ssified security pr otection as sessme nt, of w hich 1 (XX e ducati on and resource netw ork) for class ified se curity protecti on l evels, w ithout thir d-level information systems. Total education information systems 1 (XX educati on cloud platform), contai ns feature s with e-G overnment, res our ce li brary, test databas e, mail s ervice s, s uch as e -book s, all intra net servi ces. No for grade protecti on gra ding re cord and evaluati on of school (unit s), requireme nts the s chool (units) according t o information se curity grade prote ction about policy a nd standar d, orga nization carrie d out information se curity grade prote ction se curity manageme nt system constr uction, a nd te chnol ogy measures construction and grade eval uation, impleme ntation gra de pr otection system of the re quirement s, makes information system se curity ma nagement level obvi ouslyfa cility up to 160 mill ion Y uan, accordi ng to the standard, high quality planning XX e ducat ional metropolitan are a netw ork realizes Wan Z haok uan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broa dba nd t o the tabl e, ' wire ' ( ie: Web, video, a udi o) to the target, ele ctronic w hiteboards , multimedia classr ooms , remote intera ctive vide o teaching system of modern educational e qui pment in t he cla ssroom. .. . With I ntel com pany on XX Educati on City domai n net work of topic case desig n, relies on Cisco company t hought Shu aid chua n proj ect staff free provides ha s three year s technol ogy s upport, from 200 9 bega n, accor ding to high sta ndar ds, a nd high of work thought, and ma npower planning, a nd poi nts step implementati on, using school earthquake H ou r econstruction of opportunities, agai n pla nni ng eleme ntary and middle s chool s campus network a nd e ducation city domai n netw ork, and local broadcasting netw ork company cooperation, using broa dcast TV network , will physi cal fiber layi ng to ea ch school, to mini mum of cost a chieve d ha s physical fiber s chool school pas s; Ea ch s chool construction standards of cam pus netw ork and netw ork acces s to all rooms; XX educati on metropolita n area network center ma chi ne room equipment i n the Mini stry of education sta ndardi zation manageme nt platform, the Central Library of a udi o-vis ual e ducation re sources , set up a Chi nese tea cher e ducation cl oud platform, impl emented li nks t he two platforms. At pres ent, the city's primary and middle s chool students to com puter 3 198, vitality than 10 :1; 809 e qui pment cl asse s through t he cla ssroom (pr imary and s econdary); 36 of the campus network. The e stabl is hment of an adva nce d, pra ctical Gigabit e ducational metropolitan are a netw ork, the city's s chool s have a cce ss to educational metropolita n area network, school s have computer netw orks, closed -cir cuit televisi on network , broa dca st netw orks into t he cla ssrooms, reali ze the tri ple pla y. Schools share I nternet bandwidt h, ca n meet the nee ds of teaching of the s chool office and at a ny time. Accordi ng to Mi nistry of e ducati on on full started implementati on tea ching poi nts digital e ducation resource s full cove r project of notificati on (taught te chnical letter (201 2) 74th,) and XX Provi nce Departme nt of education on iss ued XX provi nce tea chi ng points digital educati on res our ces full cover proje ct implementati on view s of notificati on (chua n taught letter (2013) 18t h,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching poi nts impleme ntation teaching points digital educati on res our ces full cover proje ct, combined I city specific situation, developed i ssue d ha s XX City Burea u on teaching point s digital res our ces full cover pr oje ct of implementati on pr ogramme, Establi she d XX, full coverage of digital re sources i n modern distance educati on tea chi ng project le a ding group, XX, chaired t he Secretary for e ducation. Establ ishe d, digital resources i n modern distance educati on tea chi ng, XX full coverage project group, XX, Direct or of the Ce nter for educational informati on a nd e qui pment chaired Z hu G uiyan, re sponsi ble for di stance educati on digital re sources coveri ng proj ect work . Projects in XX city s chool digital resource s in modern distance education tea chi ng full-coverage proje ct leadi ng group, digital re sour ces i n moder n di stance education teaching , and XX full coverage proje ct group leadershi p and organi zation, in a ccordance wit h the unified arra ngement of the w hol e provi nce , respons ible for university e ducation digital res ource s coveri ng proj ect manageme nt and implementati on. A ccording t o provi nce s arrangement s, I Ce nter has arra ngements G ong 依据陈伦寿等人对菜园土壤 Olsen-P 含量分级——分别为严重缺乏组(土壤 Olsen-P 含量<30), 缺乏组(30≤土壤 Olsen-P 含量<60),适量组(60≤土壤 Olsen-P 含量<90)和过量组(土壤 Olsen-P 含 量≥90) ,将我们的土壤 Olsen-P 结果分为 4 部分,结果见表 4。结果显示在河北省 98 个种植番茄的 温室土壤 Olsen-P 含量在 14.75~674.93 mg/kg,有 72.45 %的温室土壤 Olsen-P 含量超过 90 mg/kg 过 量积累。48 个种植黄瓜的温室土壤 Olsen-P 含量范围在 27.56~536.00 mg/kg,有 77.08 %的温室土壤 Olsen-P 过量积累。分析土壤 Olsen-P 含量高于 90mg/kg 的温室 Olsen-P 平均值可见,土壤 Olsen-P 过量积累的现象在种植黄瓜的温室表现的更为严重。这可能与黄瓜对 P 的忍耐值高有关。 表 4 土壤调查结果 SAP/温室数 <30 项目 Max Min Ave Std Max Min Ave Std Max Min ave std max min ave std 温室土壤 Olsen-P(mg/kg) 番茄 黄瓜 21.14 —— 14.75 —— 17.94 27.56 4.52 —— 59.68 58.05 33.14 42.38 46.74 50.55 9.51 8.42 80.45 87.59 61.70 64.72 71.68 75.88 9.51 8.86 674.93 536.00 92.14 91.46 185.62 247.92 92.08 117.45 30~60 60~90 >90 土壤 Olsen-P 含量与土壤电导率/全盐之间的关系 土壤全盐和电导率常被用作表示土壤盐渍化程度的重要指标。 在被调查的 98 个种植番茄的温室 土壤电导率在 44.55 ~ 758.54 us/cm 25℃,平均值为 166.44 us/cm 25℃。48 个种植黄瓜的温室土壤电 导率在 55.88 ~ 1142.91 us/cm 25℃,平均值为 317.02。根据多数蔬菜对盐分的忍耐临界值(文献?) 400 us/cm 25℃,有 9.18 %的番茄温室和 22.92 %的黄瓜温室土壤电导率超过该值;有 1.02 %的番茄 温室和 16.67 %的黄瓜温室土壤电导率超过生理盐害临界值 600 us/cm 25℃。图 1 为土壤 Olsen-P 与 电导率的相关分析。从图中可见无论是黄瓜温室还是番茄温室,土壤电导率值与土壤 Olsen-P 含量 之间均极显著正相关。这说明温室土壤盐渍化程度较高,这可能源于农民过量的磷肥料投入。而这 种现象在种植黄瓜的温室表现的更加明显。根据我们的电导率与全盐的相关性。