吉林省普通高校专升本 公共英语考试 日期、内容、时间 上午8:00-11:00 下午13:00-16:00 10月12日 大纲介绍,题型介绍 词汇及答题方法、测试 10月13日 检查学生做题情况,讲练习 语法及答题方法 10月17日 10月18日 语法讲解及练习讲解 完型填空答题方法及练习 阅读理解答题方法及练 习 翻译答题方法,总结 吉林省普通高校专升本公共英语考试 ? 分值:100分 ? 词汇总量:3400 试题具体组成部分和时间分配如下: 试卷构成 测试内容 测试题型 分数 时间分配 词汇题 词汇区别 多项选择 20 15 语法题 语法考查 多项选择 20 15 阅读理解 阅读理解 多项选择 40 40 完形填空 综合考察 多项选择 10 10 翻译 翻译技巧 多项选择 10 10 下面针对各部分题型具体解析如下: ? 一、词汇单选(Vocabulary)共20题20分 ? 形近词的区别、 ? 同义词的区别、 ? 动词词组的区别、 ? 固定搭配的考察。 ? 二、语法单选(Structure)共20题20分 ? 全面的语法考察,但也有重点: ? 1、动词考察最多,占70%, ? 2、连词考察占20%, ? 3、其余的占10%。 ? [名词]可数/不可数单数/复数 ? [量词]搭配 ? [代词]一致性/所有格 ? [冠词]泛指/特指区别形容词 ? [副词]位/级 ? [动词]时态/语态/ 谓语/非谓语主谓一致倒装省略 ? [虚拟连词]连词选择/区别 ? [介词]搭配 ? 三、阅读理解(Reading Comprehension) ? 本部分测试考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力以及考生对篇章语境中的词汇 理解和运用能力。共25题40分。 ? [解析]5篇文章,每篇长度为500词左右。每个篇章后有5个问题,共25题40 分。考生根据对篇章的理解,从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。这是传统 意义上的“阅读理解”。文章材料均选自英文原版材料,包括报刊、杂志、 书籍、学术期刊等。包括人文科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域;文章体裁 多样,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。 ? [测试题型]有主旨题、细节题、推理题、词汇题、作者的观点态度题等。 ? 四、完形填空(Cloze )20题10分 ? 一篇400词左右的短文挖掉20个单词,所挖去的词既有实词也有 虚词,每个空格为一题,每题有四个选择项。要求考生选择一个 最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。这是传统意义上的 “完形填空”。涉及到语法、词汇的固定搭配、对上下文的理解、 句与句间的逻辑关系等等。 ? 分两种题型测试: ? [汉译英](Chinese-EnglishTranslation) ? 每句长度约20词左右。题干为汉语,要求考生根据全句意思从四 个选项中挑选出正确答案。译文须符合英语的语法结构和表达习 惯,用词准确。 ? [英译汉](English-ChineseTranslation) ? 每句长度约20词左右。题干为英文,要求考生根据全句意思从四 个选项中挑选出正确答案。译文须符合汉语的语法结构和表达习 惯,语句通顺,用词准确。 ? 尽管专升本英语考试中不单独设有单词和语法知识点填空题型, 但上述四部分均涉及相应的语言点。虽然专升本英语《考纲》明 确考试总体难度介于吉林省大学英语三级考试和全国大学英语四 级考试之间,但由于题型较为特殊,全卷均为选择题,对于应考 的考生来说,增加了复习负担。考生在备考时,除了全方位掌握 高频考点外,还应有针对性地掌握此种题型的应对策略,这样才 会事半功倍。 ? 音节 ? (一)开音节 ? 以发音的元音字母结尾、以“元音字母+不发音的e”结尾、以“一个元 音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e”结尾的音节都叫开音节。 ? 如:no, be, note. ? ★发音的元音字母:a, e, i, o, u ? (二)闭音节 ? 以“一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)”结尾的音节叫闭音节。 ? 如:map, plan, west. ? (三)r音节 ? 以“元音字母+r”构成的音节叫r音节。 ? 如:car, doctor, teacher, dirty. ? 第一节 名 词 ? 大纲要求掌握: ? 一、可数名词与不可数名词 ? 二、可数名词的复数形式 ? 三、名词的所有格 ? 四、名词在句子中的作用 ? ? 一、可数名词与不可数名词 ? 名词分可数与不可数两种。 ? 可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country. ? 或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police. ? 不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water. ? 或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness. ? ? 有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。 ? 如room 房间(可数),空间(不可数) ? time 时间(不可数),次数(可数) ? fish 鱼(不可数),各种各样的鱼(可数) ? 比较下列例句: ? There are nine rooms in the house. (房间,可数名词) ? There isn’t enough room for us three in the car . (空间,不可数名词) ? 不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。 ? 请同学给出下面词组的英文: ? 一块肉 ? 两条长面包 ? 三件家具 ? 一大笔钱 ? 一块肉 a piece of meat ? 两条长面包 two loaves of bread ? 三件家具 three articles of furniture ? 一大笔钱 a large sum of money ? 二、可数名词的复数形式:名词复数的构成如下: ? 1. 一般情况下在名词后加-s.如:girls, books. ? ★浊辅音、元音结尾,s发[z] ? 2. 以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es.如:glasses, boxes, matches, bushes. ? ★ 以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发[iz] ? 3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加-es.如:city-cities, country- countries. ? women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice. ? ? 4. 以o结尾的词多数加-es. 如:heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. ? radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。 ? 5. f, fe 结尾的词,多数变f,fe为v再加-es.如:thief-thieves, leafleaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives. ? 少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man-men, woman-w ? ★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。 ? 个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer. ? 三、名词的所有格 ? 名词的所有格表示所属关系, 起形容词的作用。 ? 当名词表示有生命的东西时,所有格一般是在词尾加 s . ? 如:Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books. ? 如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加。如:the teachers books, my parents car. ? 时间名词的所有格在后面加s ,复数加 .如:todays newspaper, five minutes walk. ? 当名词表示无生命的东西时,所有格常由“of”短语构成。 ? 如:the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital. ? 加 s 或 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。 ? 如:the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths . ? ★名词所有格考试常见部分是 ? 名词表示没有生命的东西时,不能直接在其后加s. ? 时间名词所有格在其后加s,或复数名词后直接加。 ? 四、名词在句子中的作用 ? 名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语,有时可以作状语。 ? 名词、代词或其他结构作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。 ? 1. 主语是可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 ? All roads lead to Rome.(条条大路通罗马。) ? His brother is an industrial engineer. ? The number of the students attending the party is increasing. ? ★the number of 表示数量,无论后面名词是复数还是单数,谓语动词是单数形式。 ? Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me. ? ? ★two-thirds 三分之二 ? 几分之几作主语,谓语是单数形式。 ? belong to 属于某人 ? Both of us are studying English. ? ★总结:在名词作主语时,the number of 谓语动词单数形式; ? 几分之几,谓语单数形式; ? both 谓语使用复数形式。 ? 2. 主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时,谓语动词用单数形 式。 ? All the money he received was given to his mother. ? Forgetting the past means betrayal. ? What we are talking now is useless. ? 3. 部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语, 谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。 ? Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school. ? (as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语,主语 Mary 是单 数,所以谓语动词用复数形式) ? No one except my friends knows anything about it. ? 4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,如果当作整体看待, 谓语动词用单数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。 ? Three times two is six. ? Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看) ? 5. Either, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 ? Neither of us has been to Italy. ? Has either of them been to Shanghai? ? none代表可数的人或东西时,谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,代 表不可数的东西时,谓语动词用单数形式。 ? None of the students have/has seen the film. ? None of the money belongs to me. ? 6. 主语由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接时,谓语形 式由最邻近的主语决定。 ? Not only you but also I am wrong. ? Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon. ? Either you or she is to do the work. ? 7. 主语中有and,如果表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数。 ? The bread and butter is nice. ? 8. 主语前有many a, more than one修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。 ? Many a book has been read by the students. ? ★many a book=many books ? More than one person has been to the Great Wall. ? ? 9.集合名词作主语,当作整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式,当作每个 独立的个体看待时,谓语动词用复数。 ? The committee meets once a year. (作为整体) ? The committee are having a meeting now. (作为独立个体) ? People, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 ? The police have come to arrest him. ? ? 名词部分考试重点 ? 1、可数名词与不可数名词里,哪几个词是不可数名词。 ? 2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式,单、复数相同的名词。 ? 3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加s,复数加。 ? 4、名词在句中的作用,重点掌握刚才的9点。 ? 考点测试 考点测试 1.Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more. ? A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ? ten days 作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) ? 答案 A ? 2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters. ? A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managers ? names 是复数形式,其后的名词肯定是复数。 ? 两个名词变为复数,两个都要变。 ? 3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen. ? A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing ? the number of 谓语动词用单数。 ? 答案 B ? 第二节 冠 词(1-4~2-2) ? 大纲要求: ? 1. 不定冠词的基本用法 ? 2. 定冠词的基本用法 ? 3. 不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法 ? 冠词是一种虚词,只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。 ? 冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(a或an)两类,定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示 泛指。 ? a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面,an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。 ? 如:a university, a useful book, an umbrella, a horse, an honest man. ? 一、不定冠词的基本用法 ? 1.表示“一”的含义。 ? Give me a pen please. ? We go shopping twice a week. ? 2.泛指某个人或东西。 ? Yesterday we visited an English secondary school. ? She picked up a magazine and began to read. ? 3.表示一类人或东西。 ? He works as a language teacher in that university. ? As a writer, he is successful. ? Even a child can answer this question. ? 可数名词单数出现,泛指用不定冠词,特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。 ? 二、定冠词的基本用法 ? 1. 表示特定的人或东西。 ? Give me the magazine. ? Have you decided on the prices yet? ? The book on the table is an English dictionary. ? Beijing is the capital of China. ? 2. 复述前文提到的人或东西。 ? Last week, I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people. ? The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing. ? 3. 用于形容词前面,代表一类人或东西。 ? the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人 ? the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人 ? the young 年青人 ? 4. 用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。 ? the moon, the sun, the earth ? The moon moves aroud the earth. ? We have friends all over the world. ? Dont build castles in the air. ? 5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面,副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。 ? January is the first month of the year. ? The sun rises in the east. ? Japan lies to the east of China. ? Beijing lies in the north of China. ? Ireland lies on the Great Britain. ? At the Childrens Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin. ? Last week we went to the theatre. ? Among the three girls she speaks English the best. ? “东、南、西、北”作副词时,前面不加冠词。 ? We are walking south. ? 形容词最高级前若有物主代词,就不加定冠词。 ? Monday is my busiest day. ? 6. 用于姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇俩。 ? The Lius have moved to Guangzhou. ? The Simths came to China for visit in 1996. ? 7. 单数名词前面通常不加定冠词,但若有限制性定语修饰,或表示特定部分、 特定内容时,前面需加定冠词。 ? Drink some water. ? Is the water in the well fit for drink? ? What do you think of the music? ? He cant take the advice his mother gives him. ? 代 词(2-2~3-3) ? 包括 ? 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不 定代词及其用法。 ? 一、人称代词 ? 人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分,在句子中可以作 主语和宾 ? 语。英语中有下列人称代词: ? 在并列的主语或宾语中,I或me 通常放在后面。如: ? Liping and I are in charge of the work. ? My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow. ? 二、物主代词 ? 物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语, 名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语(接在of 后面)。英 语中有下列物主代词: ? 名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如: ? My bag is yellow, his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown. ? 三、反身代词 ? 英语中有下列反身代词: ? 反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如: ? Please help yourself to some tea.(宾语) ? The boy is too young to look after himself.(宾语) ? Ill be myself again in no time.(表语) ? The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位语) ? I fixed the door myself. (同位语) ? 四、指示代词 ? 指示代词包括this, that, these, those 和such,在句子中可以作主 语、定语、表语、宾语等(such不作宾语)。 ? that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避 免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。用the one 的时 候更多一些。如: ? These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生产 ? The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 产量 ? that 可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。如: ? They have no time to read the books. Thats their trouble. ? She was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent. ? this 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度。如: ? I dont want that much. ? He is not that wise. ? The book is about this thick. ? 疑问代词包括what, which, who, whom, whose, 可以用来构成特 殊疑问句,也可以引导名词从句。 What, which, who在句子中作主语或 宾语,whom作宾语,whose作定语。如: ? Who is speaking? (主语) ? Which do you prefer, the yellow one or the white one? (宾语) ? Whats your sister?(表语) ? The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引导定从句) ? The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引导定从句) ? 疑问代词what, which, who, whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如: ? Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?谁这么深更半夜来找人? ? Ill say whatever comes into my head. ? Take whichever book you like. ? 六、不定代词 ? 不定代词包括both, either, neither, all, none, no, one, each, every, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, some, any, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every构成的合成代词。 ? (一)both, either, neither ? both 表示“两者(都)”,either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”,neither表 示“(两者之中)没有一个”。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语, both还可以作同位语。 ? My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅长做某事) ? Both 放在实意动词前,系动词be 的后面。 ? (二)all, none, no, one ? all和none用于三者以上的场合,分别表示“全部都”和“一个都没 有”,none往往与of连用。 ? All of us are fond of sports.(be fond of 爱好) ? We are all for him.(be for sb 支持某人) ? Grasp all, lose all. 什么都抓,什么都抓不住。(谚) ? None of them know how to read and write. ? A friend to all is a friend to none. 滥交者无友。(谚) ? None of us are perfect. ? None of them has had that kind of experience. ? no表示“没有”,在句子中只能作定语,相当于not a 或not any,not否定 动词,no否定名词。 ? Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。(谚) ? No man is born wise. 没有人是生来聪明的。(谚) ? Im no dancer. (Im not a dancer.) ? one 指代上文提到的人或物,前面可以加定冠词,可以有自己的定语, 还可以有复数形式。 ? Your answer is a good one. ? I dont like coloured envelopes. I like white ones. ? (三)each, every ? each 和every表示“每一个”,every 在句子中只能作定语,each 可以 作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。 ? The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手) ? The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 节约) ? From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs(work)。各尽所能,按需分配。 ? (四)few, a few, little, a little, many, much ? few, a few, many 修饰或指代可数名词,little, a little, much修饰 或常指用代于不否可定数句名中词。。few, little表示否定,a few, a little表示肯定,much ? Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。(谚) ? Few words are best. 话少最好。(谚) ? They don‘t take much interest in it. ? I know little about it. ? There‘s a little water left in the jar. ? Few of them have been to India. ? I‘ve read a few books written by Dickens. ? 七、it 的用法 ? 1.指代一个人或事物。 ? Its only a fifteen-minute ride to my school. ? It often rains in the south of China. ? “Whos that?” “Its Liming.” ? Its early spring. ? 2.作句子的形式主语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。 ? It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise. ? It cost me five yuan to buy the pen. ? 3.作句子的形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。 ? They all regard it their duty to help the poor people. ? I dont think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.(Its worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的) ? We find it difficult to learn English without practicing. ? I think it no use telling them. ? I dont think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.(take part in 参加) ? He feels it his duty to help others. ? 4.构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语,并且主语是人时,句型中的that 也可以换作who. ? 强调句基本构成 it is that… ? It is in the room that we met each other for the first time. ? It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.(not until 直到……才) ? 考试重点 ? that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避 免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。that 可以指上 面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。 ? 不定代词中,both 放在实意动词前,系动词be 的后面。every只能跟名 词,each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。every在代词部分要出现当每隔…… 讲。 ? few, a few, many 修饰或指代可数名词,little, a little, much修饰 或指代不可数名词。few, little表示否定。 ? (1)泛指与特指。如:another, other, others 是泛指,the other, the others是特指。 ? (2)肯定与否定。如:a few, a little, either, some 及其合成代词表 示肯定,few, little, none, neither, any 及其合成代词表示否定。 ? (3)可数与不可数。如:few, a few, many, one 修饰或指代可数名 词,little, a little, much修饰或指代不可数名词。 数词 ? 大纲要求 ? 基数词及其用法;序数词的构成及其用法;分数词的构成;小数的用法。 ? 一、基数词及其主要用法 ? 表示数目的词称基数词。15 fifteen,几百几千不加s,242 two hundred and forty-two,5058 five thousand and fifty-eight,9,600,000 nine million six hundred thousand ? 1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。 ? 6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen. ? 9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two. ? 7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five. ? 8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two. ? 2.基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。 ? He died in his fifties. ? This took place in 1990s/1990s. ? The professor became successful in his thirties. ? 3.基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。 ? 1700 seventeen hundred ? 1814 eighteen fourteen ? 9:20 nine twenty ? 11:30 eleven thirty/ half past eleven ? 5:45 five forty-five/ a quarter to six ? 88760231 eight eight seven, six zero two, three one ? 4.基数词可以用于编号。 ? Number six, line 4, page 19, Bus(No.) 332, Platform (No.) 5, Room 101 ? 5.基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词,在句子中作定语。 ? A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell. ? This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words. ? (The baby is eleven months old.) ? The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework. ? 二、序数词及其主要用法 ? 表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first, second, third, fourth, ninth, twenty-first, forty-fifth等。 ? 序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。May the first / the first of May(5.1), August the eighth / the eighth of August(8.8), the twentieth century, the twenty-first century ? 序数词在句子中前面一般加the ? The first of October is our National Day. ? She was the third to arrive. ? 序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词,表示“再一”又一“。 ? Theyll have to do it a second time. ? Shall I ask him a third time? ? When he sat down , a fourth man rose to ask. ? 三、分数词的构成 ? 分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,若分子大于1,分母需 用复数。 ? two-thirds(2/3),one-third(1/3), nine-tenths (9/10), fivetwelfths(5/12)。 ? 特殊表达法有:one half (1/2),a quarter (1/4), three quarters ? 考试重点 ? 基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词,在句子中作定语,名词不能 加s. ? 数词部分需特别注意dozen, hundred, million, billion 等词。表示具 体数字时,这些词用单数形式,表示不具体的数字时,须用dozens of, hundreds of 这类的结构。 ? I want three dozen of these. ? He has been there dozens of times. ? It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm. ? A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. some hundreds ? (答案 C)