Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.
Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.
2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thejust修饰时,只用that。
Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.
c)先行词为序数词(thelast)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwin.
d)先行词既有人,又有物时。
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.
e)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时,用that以避免重复。
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when,where,why,how
关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:
Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.
Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.
Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
I’msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.
注意:
①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如:Theysetupastatefortheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面。
Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?
3、名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词引导定语从句
Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.
Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.
4、as,which引导非限定性定语从句的差别:
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'的`意思。
Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
用法区别:
(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
Asweallknow,heneversmokes.
(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect,think,suppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.
(4)As的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。
Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.
Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.
这个是复制来的,有点多
简单说呢就是who——人,whom——人的宾格(作宾语),that/which——事物