哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 水面倒影图像是非常常见的一种自然景观图像。目前对水面倒影图像的研究多集中在如何拍摄、制作虚拟现实的实现上,而基于视觉的对水面 倒影图像理解和检测方面国内外都未开展专门研究,尚属于一个崭新的应 用领域。 在水面目标检测中(船只检测),水面倒影问题是一个难点,经常被 误检成前景;在智能车、微型智能飞机等对水体障碍的检测中,倒影图像 经常被漏检,检测成实景;此外在涉及到水面检测监控等领域中,如在基 于视觉的水岸线的检测、水位监控以及,水面倒影始终是一个技术难题。 本文把数字图像处理、模式识别技术应用到水面倒影检测中,主要完 成了以下工作: 首先研究分析了目前流行的图像分割方法,对比各种方法对倒影检测 的适用性。 其次本文针对水面倒影图像的特性进行了分析,找出了水面倒影图像 的相关性和区域性;分析了常用图像配准方法,针对倒影图像的相关性, 给出了基于图像配准的水岸线检测方法,并给出了结果正确性判别方法, 提高了算法的鲁棒性。 再次根据水面区域性,分别选用了自适应直方图阈值、边缘检测和区 域生长的方法对倒影区域进行了分割,分析了 种方法的局限性,并结合直方图阈值和区域生长给出了一种自动多种子点区域生长方法。 最后利用根据水岸线检测与水面区域检测的结果,实现水面倒影图像 的检测。 关键词 倒影图像;区域分割;图像配准;快速傅立叶变换;边缘检测 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 AbstractWater reflection verycommon image naturallandscape. recentyears, waterreflection focus shooting,makingas well 3Dvirtual reality. While specialstudy waterreflection based visualimages abroadwhich completelynew application area. Water reflection became targetdetection water(Ship Detection). We often took waterobstacles through Intelligent Cars, micro-Intelligent aircraft, reflectionimage has often been missed liveaction. waterreflection technicalproblem concerning waterdetection waterbank live waterlevel visualsense. thesis,we apply digitalimage processing, mode identification technology waterreflection. We followingstudy: Firstly, we have popularimage segmentation variousmethods waterreflection. Secondly, we have found waterreflection waterreflection. We analyze imageregistration focusing reflectionimage detectingwater bank line based imageregistration rightway result,improving wecut up reflectionregion through self-adapting histogram threshold, edge detection regiongrowing according waterregionalisms. We discussed threemethods regionalgrowing way automaticmulti-Seeds. 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 Finally,we carried out waterreflection waterbank line detection waterregional detection. Keywords water reflection,image segmentation,image registration,FFT,edge extraction 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 1.1课题研究的背景和意义............................................................................... 1.1.1课题背景................................................................................................ 1.1.2课题研究目的和意义............................................................................ 1.2课题在国内外研究综述............................................................................... 1.2.1图像配准研究动态................................................................................ 1.2.2图像分割研究动态................................................................................ 1.3本文的主要研究内容.................................................................................... 2.1引言............................................................................................................... 2.2图像分割方法............................................................................................... 2.2.1直方图阈值法........................................................................................ 2.2.2区域生长................................................................................................ 2.2.3边缘分割................................................................................................ 2.2.4特征空间聚类...................................................................................... 10 2.2.5 人工神经网络...................................................................................... 10 2.3 本章小结.................................................................................................... 11 倒影图像水岸线定位..............................................................................12 3.1 水面倒影图像特点研究............................................................................. 12 3.1.1 倒影图像的相关性............................................................................... 12 3.1.2 倒影图像的区域特性........................................................................... 13 3.2 图像配准技术研究..................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 引言..................................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 组成要素.............................................................................................. 15 3.2.3 图像配准常用方法.............................................................................. 16 3.3 算法原理.................................................................................................... 19 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 3.3.1离散的傅立叶变换性质...................................................................... 19 3.3.2 倒影图像平移量估计.......................................................................... 21 3.3.3 水岸线位置计算.................................................................................. 23 3.3.4 正确性判别.......................................................................................... 23 3.3.5 算法实现步骤...................................................................................... 24 3.4 试验结果.................................................................................................... 24 3.5 本章小结.................................................................................................... 25 倒影区域的分割......................................................................................26 4.1 引言............................................................................................................ 26 4.2 基于自适应直方图阈值倒影区域检测..................................................... 26 4.2.1 算法原理.............................................................................................. 26 4.2.2 实验结果.............................................................................................. 27 4.3 基于边缘检测的倒影区域分割................................................................. 28 4.3.1 Canny 算子........................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 实验结果.............................................................................................. 29 4.4 基于区域生长方法的倒影区域分割......................................................... 30 4.4.1 算法原理.............................................................................................. 30 4.4.2 实验结果.............................................................................................. 31 4.5 基于自动多种子点区域生长的分割方法................................................... 31 4.5.1 种子点选取.......................................................................................... 32 4.5.2 多特征分割.......................................................................................... 33 4.5.3 算法实现.............................................................................................. 33 4.5.4 实验结果.............................................................................................. 34 4.6 本章小结.................................................................................................... 35 36参考文献............................................................................................................... 37 41