专题五 名词的单复数,可数与不可数名词,名词的所有格,冠词 知识点1. 名词的单复数 名词:表示人或事物的名称或抽象概念的词。 可数名词与不可数名词. 单数可数名词 前面可加a,an来修饰: a bag一个包 可数名词:可以计数的名词 名词 复数可数名词 不可数名词:不可计数的名词 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词. 但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water, two cups of tea. A.可数名词 1. 单数可数名词,表示“一”的概念,指单个的可数物体。要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。(an多用于以a ,e, i, o,开头的单词) eg:a book/ tree an apple/ egg 2.复数名词:指两个或以上的可数物体。名词复数的规则变化。 ① 在一般情况下,词尾后加-s。 books,cups,beds,boys,horses ②. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加-es,读|iz| buses,boxes,dishes碟子,watches ③ 以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es,读|vz| half—halves,knife—knives小刀 wife wives ④ 以辅音字母加o结尾的词,词尾加-es。 tomatoes,potatoes 注意:A.如果是元音字母加o结尾的名词只加s: zoos,radios,vedios B.有特殊的以辅音字母加o结尾的也加s : photo---photos; piano---pianos 钢琴 ⑤ 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加-es。 cities,families,babies 3 名词复数的不规则变化。man—men,tooth—teeth牙齿,child—children,sheep—sheep绵羊,deer---deer小鹿 foot----feet脚Chinese – Chinese Japanese – Japanese 4 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes,trousers裤子,glasses,socks , shorts , pants , shoes 通常是以复数的形式出现。 *另外,当我要表达一双袜子,一条裤子等时,要说成 a pair of socks a pair of shorts 5.一些代词和其他词复数的不规则变化。 ① I --- we ② you – you ③ he, she, it -- they ④me---us ⑤him/her/it---them ⑥ this --- these ⑦ that – those ⑧ my – our ⑨ her, his, its – their ⑩ am/ is – are a/ an – some 6. 句子单数变复数,注意以下六要素: ⑴主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we,you→you,she,he,it→ they。如: She is a girl. →They are girls. ⑵am,is要变为are。如:I’m a student. →We are students. ⑶不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:He is a boy. →They are boys. ⑷普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is an apple. →They are apples. ⑸指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:This ia a box. →These are boxes. ⑹man,woman名词作定语修饰可数名词时,要在“数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示“性质”时,不作变化。She is a woman doctor. →Theey are women doctors.That is a pencil case. →Those are pencil cases. B.不可数名词 1. 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量, 如: a glass of water一杯水 (不能说a water) a cup of tea.一杯茶 a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of bread一片面包 A bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 不可数名词跟量词搭配时,变复数只变量词: two glasses of water many cups of tea twenty pieces of paper 注:可数名词也可以和量词搭配,of后的可数名词要用复数形式: a box of apples一箱苹果 a pair of shoes一双鞋 当量词的数量超过一时,也变复数: Six boxes of apples 8 pairs of shoes 专项练习一 一.用所给单词的适当形式填空: 1.It’s not ____ alarm clock. (a) 2. Let ____ play tennis. (I) 3. Where ___ Tom’s parents?(be) 4. Many ________.(sheep) 5. I see your _________. They are fine.(grandparent) 6. Your ____ are my pen _____.(朋友) 7. His _________ are very cute.(女儿) 8. The two _____ are good. (家庭) 9. _____ answers are right.(they) 10. Her sister and his brother aren’t my _______ (表兄妹) 11. I have two_____ (knife) 12. There are many _____ here. (box) 13. There are many _____ on the road. (bus) 14. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 15. The _____ are playing football now. (child) 二、写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 三、选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That’s art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of breads 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 11. In Britain ____ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 四.单数句变复数句,复数句变单数句 1.It is a bus._______________________________________ 2.This is my sister._________________________________ 3.He is his friend .__________________________________ 4.That is her dictionary.______________________________ 5.Those are boxes._______________________________ 6.They are teachers.________________________________ 7.These are desks .________________________________ 8.We are boys. _____________________________ 9.I have a tooth, foot and hand.____________________________________ 知识点2. 冠词与名词的搭配 冠词是放在名词前的一个虚词,本身无独立意义。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)。 巧学a和an: a和an均为不定冠词,用于单数可数名词前,表示数量为“一(个、块、只)……” (1) a用于辅音音标(而不是辅音字母)开头的单数可数名词前,an用于元音音标(而不是元音字母)开头的单数可数名词前。 a pen; an orange; an umbrella一把伞; an English teacher an hour一个小时; a useful pen一只有用的钢笔 (2)如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时,则不再使用a或an。 1. This is_bag. A.my B.my a C.a my 2. This isn’t_Japanese map.That is_English map. A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an 在某些固定词组中,需要不定冠词,如:a lot of,a bit,take a walk,have a rest等。 2.定冠词the的用法:与指示代词this,that相同,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 特指双方都明白的人或物 look at the blackboard看黑板 上文提到过的人或事,第一次出现用a/an,第二次出现用the: 如:There is a pen on the floor. The pen is red. (3) 用在序数词的前面。如:May is the fifth month of a year.五月是一年的第五个月。 (4) 用在一些习惯用语中。如:in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/晚上 (5)用在乐器之前。如:play the piano 弹钢琴 3. 不用冠词的场合 (1)名词前有this,that,my,some,no,each,every等作修饰词时。如:His table is useful.他的桌子很有用。 (2)表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前。如:I watch TV on Sundays.我在周日看电视。 (3)在三餐名词前。如:My father play baseball after supper.我爸爸晚饭后读报纸。 (4)在球类运动前。如:Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗? (5)惯用语。如:at night,in bed,at school,go to school去上学 go to bed 去睡觉等。 专项练习二 1. There is _______ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. What color is _____ orange?--- It’s ____ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, the 3. Do you know ___ old lady in blue? Yes. She’s a teacher of ____ university in Beijing. A. an, an B. the, a C. the, an D. an, a 4. Last week Lily’s father bought her ___ Mp4 player as ___ birthday present. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an 5. The girl often plays _____ piano for ____ old. A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. /, / 6. There is___ “u” and ___ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an 7. This is____ Japanese book. It’s not ____English book. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 8. I have ___ very interesting book. It is about___ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, a 9.Is that your ______ ? A.a picture B.picture C.pictures D.nice pictures 10.Are ___ Kate’s ___? A.this, book B.that,book C.these,books D.those,book 11 – What can I do for you, sir? -- I’d like two ______. A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges c.bottles of oranges D.bottles of orange 12.Many ______ are talking under the tree. And their _____ are swimming in the lake. A. woman, children B. woman, child C. women, children D. women, child 13. The little baby has two ______ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 二.完型填空 1 name is Chen Gang. I’m 2 Chinese boy. I 3 twelve. I 4 English. I’m in 5 . I’m in Class Seven, Grade One. My 6 name is Miss Gao. She is a good teacher. 7 school I have a friend. 8 name is Ma Qiang. This is a photo of my 9 .That man is my father. 10 is thirty-nine. The woman is my mother , she is thirty-seven. The girl is my sister .She is ten. That boy is me. ( )1.A. I B. My C. Me D. His ( )2.A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )3.A. is B. am C. are D. / ( )4.A. like B. likes C. look like D. look for ( )5.A. No. 1 middle school B. No.1 Middle school C. No.1 middle School D.No.1Middle School ( )6.A. teachers B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. teacher ( )7.A. at B. in C. At D. In ( )8.A. He B. His C. Her D. she ( )9.A. home B. school C. family D. bedroom ( )10.A. he B. He C. It’s D. It 三、下列句子均有一处错误,请在错处下划横线,并把正确答案写在题后的横线上(保持句子意思不变)。 1. There are four peoples in my family.________ 2. Are those your friend?________ 3. That is his father friend.________ 4. This isn't her bag. It's I bag.________ 5. These are apple.________ 6. Are they your grandparent?________ 7. -Dad, he is my friends, Tom. ________ 8. Excuse me, is that yours watch?________ 9. Mr Green is Jim father.________ 10. There is a bottle of the water on the desk.________ 知识点3. 名词的所有格 名词所有格形式:表示有生命的名词与后面名词的所有关系。分为: (1)名词+’s所有格见下表: 名词+’s所有格	单数名词后直接加 ’s Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈	以s结尾的复数名词,只加 ’ Teachers’Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书	不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加’s Women's Day妇女节 Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋	表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s 表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(一个妈妈) Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,不是同一个)	⑵of所有格:动物和无生命的名词所有格一般使用介词of短语来表示。如: the name of her cat她的猫的名字 a picture of our school 一张我们学校的照片 有时有生命的东西也可用of所有格,可与名词+’s所有格替换。如: the name of the boy=the boy’s name这个男孩的名字 专项练习三 1. ____________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书) 3. ______________________________(我的姐姐和弟弟的卧室) are very nice. 4. ___________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ? 6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师). 7. ___________________(教师节) is on September 10th . 8. ________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 11. Please open ____________________(教室的门). 12. ________________(赵敏的鞋) are white. 14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American. 15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou. 16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken. 17. It’s ____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th. 18. Are these ______________________________________(男生们的书包) ? 20. _________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing. 21.___ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brother’s D. My brothers’ 22. Today is September 10th. It is ____ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s 23. Today is September 10th. It's _______ Day. A. Teacher B. Teacher's C. Teachers' D. Teacher' 24. It's June 1st, it's _______ Day. A. Childrens B. Children's C. Childrens'	D. Childrens's 25. This year, _______ is on May 9th. A.My mother's birthday	B. My mothers' brithday C. My mothers birthday	D. My mothers's birthday 26. This is ___ . A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bike D.Mike and Jim bike 巩固练习 一.按要求写出相应的词 1.this(反义词)________ 2.these(反义词)________3.it(复数形式)________ 4.that(复数形式)________ 5.photo(复数形式)________6.picture(复数形式)________7.cousin(复数形式)________ 8.friend(复数形式)________ 9.son(对应词)________ 10.sister(对应词)________ 二、将下面的词变成复数 1.this friend ________________2. brother ___________3.grandparent ___________4.this is ___________ 5.that key ___________ 6. . this boy ___________ 7. that girl __________8 . sister___________ 三.选择填空 1. My____ is a teacher. A. parents B. grandparents C. parent D. father’s 2. This is my good _______. A. friends B. friend C. sisters D. brothers 3. My ____ are all teachers. A. friend B. sister C. grandparents D. mother 4. The red T- shirt is eight __________ . A. dollar B. pound C. dollars D. cent 5. -- Where ___ your new pants? -- ___ on the bed. A. is, It’s B. are, They’re C. is, They’re D. are, It’s 6. These shirts __ only 5 dollars. Do you want ____? A. are, it B. is, them C. are, them D. is, it 7.How much ______ these carrots? A. are B. is C. do D. does 8.Three____ are eating grass.A. sheep B sheeps 9.Water___ a kind of matter.A. is B. are10.Her clothes___ nearly worn out.A.is B.are 11.There__no water in the glass.A.are B.is 12.I want to buy买____. A. kilo (公斤)of meat B. a kilo of meats C. two kilos of meats D. two kilos of meat 13.There is lots of _____ in the cup. . A. milks B. waters C .meats D.orange 四.按要求改写句子,每空一词: 1.That is her sister.(变为复数句)________ _______her________. 2.These are my friends.(变为单数句)_______ ________my___________. 3.指出并改正句中的一处错误。How much is the socks? ________ How much are that pants? ________ These shoes are twenty-three dollar. ______ 五、用括号内词的适当形式填空:1.There are two________ over there.(watch) 2.I like taking ________.(photo)3.l can see a _________and two _______ standing there.(man,woman)4.There are two baskets of_______ on the floor.(apple) 6.Look at those________.(child)7.This is a_______. Those are three_______.(knife)8.He doesn't like these_____.(glass) 9.Thirty __________live in this building.(family).六、翻译 每天早上他吃鸡蛋、面包和蔬菜。 2.一个鸡蛋和两杯牛奶 3.一条短裤 4. 36双鞋子 5. 8个班 我的爸爸是一个老师,Lucy的妈妈是我爸爸的朋友。 7. 杯子里有许多牛奶。 5