SebassimtiaunltBaancehoisusployssibslyutfhfiecigerneatltyest (1) __c_o_m__p_o_s__e_r__ the world has ever known. His WellTempered Clavichord (2)c_o_n_s_t_i_tu_t_e_s__ one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is (3) s_i_m__u_lt_a_n_e_o__u_s_l_y__ both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Exercises composer constitute derive qualified rhythm simultaneously sufficiently Although he was a highly (4) __q_u__a_li_fi_e_d_ musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5)s_u_f_f_ic_i_e_n_t_ly_ “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) __rh__y_th__m__ and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) _d_e_r_iv__e_d a lot of their musical ideas from him. Exercises 6. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes. analogy clarity costume for the sake of potent proclaim 1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. proclaim 2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. an analogy It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music. Exercises analogy clarity costume for the sake of potent proclaim 3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. clarity 4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? for the sake of 5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. potent 6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. costumes Exercises 7. Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together? 2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking about something else? 3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news? 4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy? Exercises 5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it? 6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine it carefully? 7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music? 8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought? Exercises Reading and interpreting 8. Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions. 9. Check (√) the statements you agree with. Exercises 8. Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Which is the writer’s main purpose? (a) To show how complex listening to music is. (b) To get people to listen to music more. (c) To discourage some people from listening to music. (d) To get people to think about how they listen to music. 2 Who does the writer address as you? (a) Musicians. (b) Theatregoers. (c) Composers. (d) Intelligent music lovers. Exercises 9. Check (√ ) the statements you agree with. √1 The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one. Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music. 2 He describes the sensuous listener in negative terms. He does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that we listen in all three ways, so I don’t think he is actually negative about this way. Exercises √3 He thinks all great music is expressive. He doesn’t actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view. 4 He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough. No, he doesn’t say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enough of the third plane, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t intelligent. Exercises √5 He is probably a professional musician. I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into the effective way of listening to music. √6 He is probably a good teacher. I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses the analogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate. Exercises Developing critical thinking 10. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Do you think the passage is only about classical music? Why/Why not? The way the writer speaks about music, with examples and terms about classical music, makes it seem that the passage is about classical music. But of course the three planes can apply to all sorts of music, and I am sure the writer means that to be the case. Exercises 2 Do you agree that we should work harder at listening to music? I know many people think that listening to music is for relaxation and that it is therefore an easy activity that you don’t have to think much about. However, in fact I agree that we should work harder at listening, because if you do so you can hear more, appreciate more and enjoy it much more. So it is worth making the effort. Exercises 3 Do you agree that a great work of art can have different meanings? Yes, I do. In fact, people in different times do find different meanings in a great work of art. 4 How great is the power of music? The answer may depend on your experience and knowledge of different kinds of music. But in general in my view, music certainly has great power. Exercises 5 How do you think you listen to music? Which of the musical planes do you relate to the most? I think I have changed in the last few years. At first I was mostly listening on the sensuous plane, then I was listening more on the expressive plane. Now I understand much more about the sheerly musical plane, but I do listen using all three planes. Language in Use 1 Form compound nouns to indicate 2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done 3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas 4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that … 5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions 6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese 7 Translate the paragraphs into English Language in Use 1. Form compound nouns to indicate: 1 a writer of songs ( songwriter) 2 a director of films ( film director) 3 a scarf you wear around your head ( headscar ) 4 a pack you carry on your back ( fbackpack) 5 a stick you use to make your lips red ( lipstick ) 6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe ( shoelac ) 7 polish that you put on your nails ( neail polish) Language in Use 2. Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done. 1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers. The artist and the model might have been lovers. 2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model. Catharina might never have been jealous of the model. Language in Use 3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant. The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant. 4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. 5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty. Vermeer might have died in poverty. Language in Use 3. Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that … 1 The young pianist’s musical genius _______m__a_y_____b_e d__u_e_t_o__th_e__f_a_c_t _th__a_t _h_is__m__o_th_e_r__p_la_y_e__d_t_h_e__p_ia_n_o__a_ l_o_t__w_h_i_le__s_h_e___w_a_s__p_r_e_g_n_a_n_t_,__so___h_e__h_a_s__a_l_w_a_y_s_ h__e_a_rd. music from day one 2 The late arrival of the train ______m__a_y_b__e_d_u__e_t_o__th_e_ _fa_c_t__th_a_t_t_h_e_r_e__w_e_r_e__s_e_v_e_re__s_t_o_rm__s__la_s.t night Language in Use 3 The misunderstanding ______m__a_y__b_e__d_u_e__to__t_h_e__fa_c_t _th_a__t _s_h_e__s_p_e__a_k_s__v_e_ry__l_it_tl_e__C_h_i_n_e_s_e__a_n_d___I _d_o_n_’_t _s____p__. e a k much Spanish 4 The book’s enormous popularity _______m__a_y__b_e__d_u__e _to__t_h_e_f_a_c_t_t_h_a_t_i_t _h_a_s__b_e_e_n__a_g_g_r_e_s_s_iv_e_l_y_m__a_r_k_e_te_d_ _o_n__T_V__a_n_d__it__w_a_s__d_i_s_c_u_s_s_e_d__in__s_e_v_e_r_a_l _p_r_im_.e time TV shows 5 His dislike of music ____m__a_y__b_e__d_u_e__to__t_h_e__fa__c_t _t_h_a_t _h_e__w_a_s___e_x_p_o_s_e_d__t_o__lo__u_d__r_o_c_k__m_u_s_i_c__f_o_r _m__a_n_y_ _h_o_u_r_s_a__d_a_y__w_h_e_n__h_e__w. as quite small Language in Use 4. Rewrite the sentences using insist that … 1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him. I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go. 2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me. The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through. Language in Use 3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest. We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert. 4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written. They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book. Language in Use 5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done. She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting. Language in Use 5. Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions. 1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes people like it or want it. (a) If a radio station wants to widen its appeal, what does it need to do? It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes. (b) Are games and sports that have a popular appeal liked by many people or a few people? They are liked by many people. Language in Use (c) When an organization makes an appeal for money, what does it do? It asks people to give money, probably for a charity. (d) How would the police launch an appeal to the public for information? They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward with any relevant information. Language in Use 2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job. (a) If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you have? You have lots of medical qualifications. (b) If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect? It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply. (c) If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they? They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion. Language in Use 3 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services. (a) If you get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do? You are planning to get married with the person. (b) If government forces have engaged with rebels, what is happening? The government forces are fighting the rebels. (c) If you engage someone in conversation, what do you do? You talk to them and try to interest them in a conversation. Language in Use 4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another. (a) Where can you convert pounds into dollars? You can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to the current exchange rate. You should be sure to check the exchange rate because it can change from day to day. (b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofas convert into? They convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests. Language in Use (c) What would a farmer have to do to convert to organic food production methods? They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more natural ones. 5 grind When you grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, by using a machine or by crushing it between two hard surfaces. (a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when you grind it? The beans or seeds become powder. Language in Use (b) Did you know that 20 per cent of people grind their teeth at night? No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible. (c) If the traffic grinds to a halt, does it stop suddenly or slowly? It stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly. Language in Use 6. Translate the paragraphs into Chinese. 1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Language in Use Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? 可能的话,你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的 48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中的每一个主题, 你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界, 你很快也会意识到你越觉得某个主题美妙,就越难找到令你 完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的,你当然知道那个主题是欢 快的还是悲伤的。换句话说,你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主 题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这个悲伤的主题吧, 要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤,还是无可奈何的悲 伤?是时运不济的悲伤,还是强颜欢笑的悲伤? Language in Use 2 We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeer’s works. Indeed, the unexplainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the painting enjoys. With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Language in Use Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive? 我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他 作品都少。实际上,这种无法解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会 使得该画更受欢迎。 正因为如此神秘,这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题,而 后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有关这幅画的一些 谜题,其中一个是:女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛,以及那一丝 神秘的微笑,到底是天真还是诱惑?像小说或电影这类媒介 更适合作出回答。 Language in Use 7. Translate the paragraphs into English. 1 随着婚礼的临近,苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让 自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一次后,她才意识到, 尽管自己已经28岁了,但在情感方面还不够成熟,还没有为 婚姻做好准备,也不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的 家庭生活。 (pin down; guarantee) Language in Use As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life. Language in Use 2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法,这不仅 仅因为他们对自己的英语口语不够自信,还因为他们相信稳 重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题,鼓励学 生参与讨论,让他们增强自信心,拉近彼此间的距离。 (shy away; engage sb. in) She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinions, due not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and engaged them in the discussion, in order that they might become more confident and closer with each other. LOGO