第一册讲稿 Some tax cheats have been heavily fined. Cheats will be disclosed in the long run. CF: cheat & deceive 这两个动词均有“欺骗”之意。 cheat 普通用词,指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物,尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。 He always cheat at cards; I never play with him. 他打牌时总是作弊; 我从不同他一起 打牌。 deceive 指采用歪曲真相隐瞒事实的手法给人造成假相,使人上当受骗。此外,该词 在被动语态中和后借反身动词的情况下,不一定指欺骗,往往指认识上的错误。 He deceived me under the mask of friendship. 他假托友谊来欺骗我。 You deceived yourself as to the course you chose. 你对自己所采取的方针认识不正 确。 11. amidst: prep. among, in the middle of A church stands amidst trees. He was brave amidst all dangers. 他在各种危险中总是勇敢的。 12. crowd: n. large group of people together Crowds gather in front of the stock exchange every weekday. Upon his arrival, the President was cheered by welcoming crowds. v. come together in a crowd People crowded around the tourist guide for more interesting stories. One can hardly breathe in such a crowded room. Collocation: attract / draw a crowd 吸引一群人 disperse a crowd 驱散一群人 an enormous / huge / tremendous crowd 庞大的人群 a capacity crowd 客满 the wrong crowd 一帮坏人 13. prosperous: adj. rich; successful Upon liberation in 1949, many overseas Chinese came back to build a prosperous China. We should hold a party for the prosperous business this year. 14. figure: n. 1) human form What a fine figure of a man! I saw a familiar figure ahead of me in the crowded subway station. 2) number People were surprised to find that the beggar had a bank account of six figures. Write the amount in words and in figures. 用文字和数字写下这笔钱数。 3) drawing to illustrate sth. Her job is to draw figures for magazine articles. 15. considering: prep. in view of; taking into account He writes a beautiful hand considering his age. Considering that I have told you about it three times, you must know it. 16. appearance: n. 1) look He had an unhealthy appearance. 18 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Don’t judge by appearances. 不要根据外表来作判断。 2) the act of appearing Some people are still frightened by the appearance of UFOs. My appearance at the party was not very welcome. Collocation: put in / make an appearance 出现;露面 make a personal appearance 亲自露面(出场) at one’s appearance 在出现时 in appearance 从外表看来 at first appearance 初看起来 CF: appearance, expression, face & looks 这几个词都是名词,都有“表面”之意。 appearance 强调外表、外貌、外观。 expression 指神色和表情,与前者相比更有抽象意味。 face 表示实体的脸与面孔,引申为面部表情或脸色。 looks 意思是―容貌‖,指人的相貌仪表。 1. He looked at me with a very strange appearance. 2. She had a face like thunder. 3. Her face was sad. 4. We don’t like his shabby appearance. 5. “I don’t understand,” he said, with a(an) expression of complete surprise. 6. She’s got her father’s good looks. 17. pack: v. 1) put things into boxes, bases, etc. Some British people pack their lunch in a paper bag. I hate traveling because it takes me much time to pack and unpack my things. 2) crowd The bus is heavily packed during rush hours. The bad businessman packed unreasonable costs into the budget. n. bundle of things tied or wrapped up together What do you carry in that huge pack on your back? Please give me a pack of cigarettes. 请给我一包香烟。 18. worn: adj. bad from too much use Oliver Twist had only a worn coat in winter. It is time you changed your worn tire. Phrases: 1 . take advantage of: make use of (sth. or sb.) for one’s own benefit We’ve decided to take full advantage of the week-long holiday to visit some interesting places in southeast countries. They often take advantage of his kindness and borrow money from him and never return it. Collocation: at an advantage 有利地 be of advantage to 对?有利 gain / get / have / win an (the) advantage over (of) 胜过, 优于 give sb. an advantage (over) 使某人处于有利地位 have the advantage of 比?强, 胜过 take advantage of / make one's advantage of 乘机利用 2. and what’s more: also, and more importantly, seriously, etc. 19 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Playing games can relieve people totally from the pressure of work, and what’ s more, it can teach rules of life as well. He managed to finish the task within limited time, and what’s more, the task is well-done. NB: More usages of “more” 1. 当 more 作 many 的比较级用时,前面可以用一个表示程度的状语来修饰。a lot of more 2. 当 more 代替或修饰可数名词复数时, 前面可用 a few, many 或数字来修 饰。 a few more apples or three more books 3. 如 more 后接的是不可数名词, 副词或形容词时, more 前面可用 much, rather, a little, a great deal 来修饰。rather more slowly or much more serious 3. all right: certainly; beyond doubt She is pretty all right, but I don’t like her. It’s time to leave, all right, but the bus hasn’t come. 4. break off: stop suddenly John rose. “As for me —” he suddenly broke off when the teacher came in. The speaker was interrupted so often that in a huff he broke off and sat down. 5. come down in the world: lose a place of respect or honor; become lower as in rank or fortune The stranger plainly had come down a long way in the world. Poor old George has come down in the world since his business failed. 6. mistake? for: suppose wrongly that sth. or sb. is sth. or sb. else I mistook that stick for a snake. People are always mistaking him for his twin brother. 7. long for: wish very much for In winter times, how we longed for spring. I long for a timely reply from you. sentences 1. In a certain store where they sell puddings, a number of these delicious things are laid out in a row during the Christmas season. Here you may select the one which is most to your taste, and you are even allowed to sample them before coming to a decision. 有一家出售布丁的商店,每年圣诞节期间都把许多美味的食品摆成一排供顾客选购。在这 里你可以挑选最合你口味的布丁,甚至商店还允许你先把各色布丁品尝一番,然后再作出 决定。 There is a certain store where puddings are sold. During the Christmas season, different kinds of delicious puddings are spread out in a row so that customers can select to their liking. And before they decide what to buy, they can even taste the puddings. 2. I have often wondered whether some people, who had no intention of making a purchase, would take advantage of this privilege. A customer has the right to sample the puddings before coming to a decision whether to buy them or not, and the narrator often wants to know if there were people who would merely sample them with no intention to buy any. 3. And what’s more, I hope there are a lot more stores where he can go and get his share. (1). What is the shop girl’s hope? She hopes many other stores can allow him to sample their puddings, too. (2). What do you think of the shop girl? 20 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 She’s very nice and kind because she feels sorry for the old man. 4. “This is not bad either, but a little too heavy.” We can infer that the old man had a strong sense of dignity. He pretended to be quite serious about choosing a pudding though he didn’t really intend to buy any. “heavy” means too rich and filling. 5. All the time it was quite evident that he sincerely believed that he might eventually buy one of these puddings, 1. What was the narrator doing at that time? He was watching the old man all the time. 2. What impression did the narrator get? He was under the impression that the old man himself believed that he would finally buy one of the puddings. 6. Amidst the crowd of happy, prosperous looking Christmas shoppers, the little black figure of the old man seemed pitiful and out of place, and in a burst of benevolence, 为圣诞节忙着的顾客个个喜形于色,看上去都很富裕。老人矮小的黑色身影在这群人中显 得很不相称。 我突然动了恻隐之心?? What does the phrase “the crowd of happy, prosperous looking Christmas shoppers” imply? It implies that around Christmas the shoppers all appear to have plenty of money because they buy a lot of things. 7. He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face. How to understand this sentence? I did not expect that he would react with such dignity or pride as far as his appearance was concerned. 1. Why did the old man behave like that? Because he did not expect that one of the customers would come up and offer to buy him one of the puddings. 2. What do the words “jumped back” and “stung” suggest? They suggest that the old man was shocked as well as hurt. 3. Why did his wrinkled face turn red? It turned red simply because he felt humiliated, resentful and even indignant. 8. with more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance, “I do not believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. 1. What do you think of the old man’s choice of words? It is rather impressive. In response to the narrator’s offer, he switched to a higher level of speech, which was stiff and formal. 2. What does it suggest? It suggests that he not only looked dignified but also might have a good educational background. 9. It was too late though, and I felt that the kindest thing I could do now would be walk away. 然而为时已晚,我感到此时唯有走开才是最积德的事。 Why did the narrator think so? Because only in this way could the elderly gentleman save his face and both of them could be less embarrassed. English Equivalents of Chinese: 21 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 一番好意 摆成一排,一字排开 good intention lay out in a row have no intention of 3. 无意做某事 情况确实如此 得到一份优惠 仔细地看 on a regular basis it’s indeed the case get one’s share of the privilege look closely at with great interest to be neatly dressed all the time come down in the world out of place save one’s ‘honor’ 7. 绕有兴趣 8. 穿着整洁 9 自始至终 10. 家道败落 11. 不相称 12. 挽回―面子‖ Part V. Further Reading Proverbs and Quotations 1. There is kindness to be found everywhere. 人间无处不温暖。 2. A contented mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world. 知足是人生在世最大的幸事。 3. On good turn deserves another. 以德报德。 4. Many can bear adversity, but few contempt. — Thomas Fuller, American philosopher 许多人能忍受厄运,但极少人能忍受侮辱。 — 美国哲学家 T. 福勒 5. What are the aims which at the same time are duties? They are perfecting of ourselves, and the happiness of others. — Immanuel Kant, German philosopher 什么既是目的又是职责呢?那就是,使我们自己完美,使别人幸福。 — 德国哲学家 I. 康德 Part VI. Writing Pattern: Combination: Using ElIipsis Ellipsis is the omission of a word or words necessary for complete construction but obviously understood in context or from the situation itself. By using ellipsis we can make a sentence shorter to achieve brevity or to avoid repetition. Examples 1) ? though he never buys anything, and I suspect he never will buy anything . To avoid repetition and make the sentence shorter, the last two words can be omitted. 2) Well, let him come if he wants it, and he is welcome to it. ―He is‖ can be omitted because it has been mentioned before. 3) Only my stocking was empty: it hung limp; (there is) not a thing in it; and under and around it —(there is) nothing. ―There was‖ can be omitted because without this expression the sentence is still understandable and grammatical. 22 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Your Task: Directions: Rewrite the following sentences, leaving out words which can be omitted. 1. His words moved everyone who was present. His words moved everyone present. 2.What a pity it is you can’t go to the lecture! What a pity you can’t go to the lecture! 3.Though he is still a young man he is a leading biologist in that country. Though still a young man he is a leading biologist in that country. 4.You can do it this way if you care to do it. You can do it this way if you care to. 5.Fill in the blanks with articles wherever they are necessary. Fill in the blanks with articles wherever necessary. 6.As it was scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy. As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy. 7.What will be the result if they do not come? What if they do not come? 8.The sooner you do it, the better it will be. The sooner, the better. 9.Is there anything wrong with the tape-recorder? Anything wrong with the tape-recorder? 10.When you are in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money. When in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money. Reading Activity: Part I. Reading Skills: If Only_ ___ Reading for the main ideal (Part II) When you are reading paragraphs for the main ideal, try to force youself to read a bit faster than usual. By doing so, you will find it easier to concentrate on ideals and the relationships between ideas. The slow reader usually cares too much about individual words and thus may actually comprehend less than the quick reader. In reading paragraphs, you will inevitably come across some words you don’t understand. Don’t waste too much time worrying about them. Just continue your reading. The most important thing is to understand the material as a whole and one or two unknown words won’t make much difference. Part II. Learning Points: 23 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 College English Intensive Reading Book One Unit Eight Teaching I. Objectives and Requirements: 1、Reading and Writing Course Plan 教学目标: 1. To understand the true meaning of ―a magician of stretching a dollar‖ and talk about it; 2. To read the text and try to understand the true love introduced in the text; 3. To write a paragraph stating how you plan to express it more briefly ; 4. To learn some reading techniques and skills: how to read a text and predict the writer ’s ideas.; 5. To master the key phrases and some sentence patterns. 教学要求: 1.要求学生掌握本单元的中心思想和文章结构,学会在写作中如何表达更加简洁。 2.掌握新单词、句型的使用方法;加强相关听说训练。 3. 掌握阅读技巧:寻找关键词和句。 教学建议: 1.在教学过程中启发学生开展关于“爱”的探讨,帮助学生培养爱心、如何表达对父母亲 的爱,成为具有爱心的人。 2.提供最新的有关圣诞节的资料背景知识,如视频,新闻报道等。 2、Listening and Speaking Course Unit 8: learn to listen for Rents or Charges, Denying and Admitting, Understanding and Talking about Housing. 3. Comprehensive Exercises Book Unit 8: The students finish the exercises in their spare time. II. Teaching arrangement & Time Allotment 5)Reading and Writing Course 6 periods 6)Listening and Speaking Course 2 periods (every two weeks) III. Teaching Methods Communicative Approach Learner-centered Teaching Task-based Learning Translation Method Multimedia Approach IV. Presentation Procedures 24 大学英语精读(第三版)第一册讲稿 Text: Lecture notes A Magician at Stretching a Dollar Part I. Background Information: 1. Baker, Russell (1925- ): He is one of America’s notable humorists and political satirists. He first worked as a reporter for the Baltimore Sun from 1947-1954, then joined the New York Times in 1954. In 1962 he began writing his “Observer” column for the New York Times and continued to write that column for 36 years. Baker won a Pulitzer Prize for commentary in 1979, and another in 1983, for the first volume of his autobiography, Growing Up. In addition, he has published more than a dozen other books, including fictions and children’s books. 2. Rooney, Mickey (1920- ): He is an American actor, singer and dancer. Rooney made his film debut at age six and, from 1927 to 1933, starred in over 50 episodes of the comedy series, Mickey McGuire. His roles in The Human Comedy (1943) and National Velvet (1944) confirmed his status as the nation’s most popular film star. Rooney established himself as a solid character actor in the postwar period. He has received an Emmy, a Tony and 2 Oscars, appeared in over 200 feature film. Part II. Warm-up Activities: Step 1. Lead in to the text by asking a question---―Have you ever told lies in order not to disappoint people you love‖? Step 2. Topic-centered Discussion(Group work) 1. Do you celebrate Christmas at home? Why or why not? 2. Have you ever received any presents from your parents at Christmas? If yes, what are they? 3. How do you spend Christmas at school? 4. Do you know anything about ― white lie ‖? Step 3. T makes a brief introduction to Christmas and activities for celebrating the Christmas.. Part III. Text Analysis: Main Ideas: (Summary Writing) I happened to find my Christmas present in my mother’s bedroom and was deeply moved. In order not to make mother know the fact, I tried to compose and test exclamations of delight. Mother brought the special present to me and I found feelings of love flowed naturally between us. Structure: Topic-related Prediction Look at the following words carefully. How are they related to each other? Try to make sentences with the neighboring two words. Teachers can help type down the key words of the sentences made by the students. Magician Boy White Lie Christmas Present Love 1 2 3 4 25 大学英语精读(第三版)