读后续写技巧指导 一、总体分析 读后续写要求考生在阅读一段 350 词以内的语言材料的基础上,根据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写(150 词左右),将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。续写部分分为两段。原文给出10 个左右的标有下划线的关键词语,所续写短文应使用 5 个以上(教育部考试中心,2015)。 1. 原文特点 《考试说明》虽未对读后续写材料的体裁做出明确说明,但根据所附的样题和自2016 年 10 月首考至今的 4 份真题来看,所提供的阅读材料一般是记叙文。记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主,以写人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。它的主要的表达方式是叙述和描写,也常辅以适当的抒情、议论和说明。记叙文的特点是通过生动形象的事件来反映生活并表达作者的思想情感,它的中心思想蕴含在具体材料中,通过对人、事、物的生动描写来表现。它的话题贴近生活,有一定趣味性,给学生的想象空间较大,上下文连贯性较强,结构清晰,语言难度较易把握。 2. 如何审题、谋篇、行文 续写之前,首先应当审读原文,对故事内容进行把握和理解。通过阅读,能判断文本的写作顺序(如时间先后顺序、地点变换顺序或情节发展顺序等),能找出故事的基本要素(如时间、地点、人物、事件等),能厘清文本的脉络和情节的发展,并据此对提供的文本内容进行归纳概括。 在审读原文的基础上,考虑如何对续写进行谋篇。谋篇是对文本深入分析思考的过程。分析文本中主人公的性格特点,思考人与人之间,人与社会间,人与自然间和人与自我之间的矛盾冲突,分析故事的起因和发展,思考和推断可能继续发展的方向,分析划线关键词和续写两段的段首句,思考具体的情节展现故事的高潮并合理结尾。 审题、谋篇的最终目的是要落实到续写上来。读后续写的行文是对文本进行续写 和完善的过程。在内容上,要关注预设情节的逻辑性、合理性和思想性,要展现故事的主题、思想或哲理。在语言上,要回看、体会并模仿原文的语言风格,以人物的动作、语言、心理描写为主,辅之以外貌和神态描写以及环境描写。 3. 续写文章的特点 续写文章应尽量接近《考试说明》中评分原则的要求,其特点包含四个方面。首先,续写文章与所给短文融合度高,与所提供的各段落开头语衔接合理。其次, 内容丰富,应用了 5 个以上短文中所标出的关键词语。再次,所使用的语法结构和词汇丰富、准确,可能有些许错误,但完全不影响意思表达。最后,有效使用了词语间的连接成分,所续写短文结构紧凑。 二、高分策略 1. 策略 读后续写考查学生的综合语言运用能力(尤其是阅读和写作)和思维品质能力(尤其是想象能力和创新精神),因此,我们要全面提升自我才能拿到高分。 首先,我们应该从提升记叙文的阅读能力出发,训练快速寻找记叙文线索,定位记叙文基本要素和理顺文本脉络的能力。在此基础上,能独立对文本进行深入分析,洞悉故事的矛盾冲突,提炼中心思想。 其次,我们要提升想象能力和创新精神,尤其在练习中思考情节发展的多种可能性,可采用头脑风暴的方式,拓展思维,强化逻辑性和合理性。 最后,我们要积累写作素材,建立自己的语料库,以便在续写文章中丰富、准确、连贯地进行表达。 2. 语料举例 ①描写人物动作: The exhausted hiker dragged his legs along the country road.(用具体准确的动词来表现“精疲力竭”) The old man sprang from the chair, stormed out of the house and slammed the door behind him.(用一连串生动的词语来表现“生气”) The younger son inherited his father’s bad habit, spending money like water. (用比喻来表现“陋习”) ②描写人物语言: The captain rose in front of his crew and commanded, “Prepare yourselves for the fight!”(用简短有力的语言来表现“命令”) The girl told the policeman where she had found the diamond ring, adding, “I hope you can find the owner as soon as possible.”(用完整较长的间接引语和直接引语来表现“关切”) ③描写人物心理: Sandra sat quietly on the rock for hours, thinking of what might have happened if she hadn’t left the group.(直接描写心理,表现“疑惑”) “How dare you skip class and play computer games all day!” his father yelled. (用语言描写心理,表现“愤怒”) After failing the exam, Alex let out a sigh, crumbled the test paper into a ball and tossed it into the dustbin.(用动作描写心理,表现“失望”) ④描写人物外貌和神态: The tall policeman, with broad shoulders and thick arms, stood by the door and observed everyone coming into the bank.(直接描写外貌,表现“威慑力”) Approaching 40, her beauty was fading like a flower in autumn. (用比喻描写外貌,表现“美貌凋零”) I was really amazed at the way she smiled: a mile wide. (用夸张描写神态,表现“灿烂笑容”) ⑤描写环境: The little black figure of the beggar was so out of place among the merry crowd of the Christmas shoppers and glittering well-decorated streets. (直接描写环境,表现人物的“格格不入”) It was bitterly cold. All the fish moved south, and even the snow turned blue. (用夸张描写环境,表现天气的“严寒”。这里的 turned blue 是幽默的说法,雪都冻得发青了,更不用说人) 读后续写模拟训练 模拟试题一 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 When I spent the last summer with my Grandmother in Warwick, New York, she sent me down to the grocery store with a long shopping list. Staring at all the items on the list, I wondered how I could find anything on the packed shelves around me. But she insisted. I walked up to the counter. Behind it was a lady like no one I’d ever seen. Thick glasses rested on the tip of her nose. Gray hair was piled on her head. “Excuse me,” I said. She looked up. “You’re that Clements kid,” she said. “I’m Miss Bee. Come closer and let me get a look at you.” She pushed her glasses up her nose. “I want to be able to describe you to the policeman if something goes missing from the store.” “I’m not a thief!” I was shocked. I was too young to be a thief! “Maybe not, but I can tell you’ve got potential.” She went back to reading her newspaper. “I need to get these,” I said, holding up my list. “So? Go get them.” She ignored my need of a favor. “There’s no one here except you and me and I’m not your servant, so I suggest you start looking for the things on that list.” The store was a puzzle to a seven-year-old, and it seemed to hold all the goods in the world. I complained about this task Grandma had set me to do while trying to find all the items on my list. It took me an hour and a half to do it, and the mean lady behind the counter didn’t even bother to look at me once. I visited Miss Bee a couple of times a week that summer. Sometimes she sold me an old newspaper instead of the latest one. Sometimes she overcharged me and didn’t seem embarrassed when I pointed it out. Going to the store was more like going into battle, but I survived. By summer’s end the shopping trip that had once taken me an hour was done in 15 minutes. The morning I was to return to Brooklyn, I stopped in to get a soda. 注意: 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 词左右; 2. 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词; 3. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好; 4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 “All right, Miss Potential,” she said. “What did you learn this summer?” One day after all those years my seven-year-old daughter came to me with homework troubles. 学生习作: “All right, Miss Potential,” she said. “What did you learn this summer?” “That you’re mean!” Finally I said it, thinking that I didn’t have to deal with her again. To my amazement, Miss Bee laughed. “I know what you think of me,” she continued. “Well, I don’t care! Each of us is put on this Earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet some life lessons to help them.” At such a young age, I wasn’t capable of appreciating the lessons she claimed she had given me and I only wished that I had never met her. After checking out, I left. One day after all those years my seven-year-old daughter came to me with homework troubles. “It’s too hard,” she complained. “Could you finish my math problems for me?” “If I do it for you how will you ever learn to do it yourself?” I responded. Suddenly, I was back at the grocery store where I had learned the hard way to deal with my own business. Had I ever been overcharged since? As my daughter went back to her homework, I wondered: Had Miss Bee really taught me something all those years ago? Sure enough, she didn’t act as a servant but she inspired potential in a seven-year-old. 点评: 续写文章的情节和原文保持同一个主题思想。第一段紧接着那年夏天发生的事件进行续写,作者当时只体会到了 Miss Bee 的“坏”,所以面对她时说出了心里话, 然后就离开了。第二段时多年以后自己当妈妈面对女儿的请求,突然想到了自己当时的遭遇,然后体会到了 Miss Bee 的确是教会了她一些人生哲理,让她在痛苦的锻炼中得到了成长。而在语言方面,主要着力于人物的心理和语言的描写, 和原文吻合。 模拟试题二 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 In a certain store where they sell puddings, a number of these delicious things are laid out in a row during the Christmas season. Here you may select the one which is most to your taste, and you are even allowed to sample them before coming to a decision. I have often wondered whether some people, who had no intention of buying, would take advantage of this privilege (特权). One day I asked this question of the shop girl, and I learned it was indeed the case. “Now there’s one old gentleman,” she told me, “he comes almost every week and samples each one of the puddings, though he never buys anything, and I guess he never will. I remember him from last year and the year before that, too. Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it. He looks as if he really needs it.” She was still speaking when an elderly gentleman came to the counter and began looking closely at the row of puddings with great interest. “Why, that’s the very gentleman I’ve been telling you about,” whispered the shop girl. “Just watch him now.” And then she turned to him, “Would you like to sample them, sir? Here is a spoon for you to use.” The elderly gentleman, who was poorly but neatly dressed, accepted the spoon and began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings. “This is quite good.” “This is not bad either, but a little too heavy.” Poor old man! Probably he was too poor in the world and this sampling was the only chance he could get to eat something delicious. Among the crowd of happy-looking Christmas shoppers, the little black figure of the old man seemed pitiful and out of place, and in a burst of benevolence (仁慈), I went up to him and said, “Pardon me, sir. Will you do me a favor? Let me buy you one of these puddings. It would give me such pleasure.” 注意: 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 词左右; 2. 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词; 3. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好; 4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 He was surprised, saying, “Excuse me, I don’t believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. Undo...