在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.
7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.
8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.
9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.
练习、非谓语动词(二)
1. Alien said that his trip was _______.
A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest
2. We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late.
A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make
C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making
3. I couldn't understand ______ at the poor child.
A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing
4. It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.
A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue
5. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow.
A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave
6. The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.
A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have
7. It's very kind ______ you ______ say so.
A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, /
8. Some people's greatest pleasure is ______ .
A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing
9. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.
A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back
10. You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy.
A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being
11. Though he failed, he tried _______ it again and again.
A. to do B. doing C. do D. done.
12. You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings.
A. say B. to say C. having said D. to have said
13. You can keep the book until you ______ .
A. have finished reading B. finish to read
C. will finish reading D. have finished to read
14. We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again.
A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try
15. Most of the students enjoy_____ stamps.
A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected
16. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.
A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked
17. People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl.
A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing :
18. "What do you think of the book?" "Oh. excellent, it's worth _______ a second time."
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
19. "I usually go there by train." "Why not ______ by boat for a change?"
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
20. I was too excited ______ .
A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking
21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
22. It is no use _____to come now. He is busy.
A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him
23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive.
25. The computer centre, ______ last year is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened.
26. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
27. Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
28. English is a language ______ in many countries.
A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak
29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily, pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily, pointed D. and angrily pointing
30. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of Tight.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
31. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
32. _____their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed D. Having been followed
33. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you?
A. to clean, to do B. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing
34. Does your new secretary ____ short hand?
A. know to take B. know how to take C. know how take D. know how taking
35. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.
A. to tie B. tie C. tied D. tying
36. Would you please ______ write on the textbooks?
A. don't B. not to C. not D. to not
37. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.
A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having
38. Your mother and I are looking forward________ you.
A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing
39. The girl couldn't_____ how red his face was.
A. help to notice B. be helping to notice C. be helping noticing D. help noticing
40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.
A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken