1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. - 90 - Appendix I III. Usage 1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it. 3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep. 5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. ■ Structure 1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by 30 percent. 2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed. 3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans. 4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ- mas. 2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile. 2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River. 3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four. ■ 4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with 11. bringing...to a halt 2. stand in the way 4. catching... off his guard 6. declaration 8. drag on 10. die from (B) 1. In 3. the 5. it 7. of/about 9. to 11. to 13. buried 15. than 17. from 19. down 2. since 4. and 6. that/who 8. across 10. lost 12. with 14. in 16. between 18. to Appendix I - 91 - II. Translation The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. Part III TextB .- Comprehension Check 1. d 2. d 3. b 4. a - 92 - Appendix I Translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. boast 3. was concerned 5. paid off 7. are contesting 9. holdout 11. responsible for 13. favorable 15. on the eve of 17. complications 19. withstand 2. obstacles 4. call ...off ■ 6. was pinned down 8. prior to 10. objective 12. in case 14. due to 16. cancel 18. stiff 20. absent Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Writing Strategy Tick which of the following is more convincing: _____________ It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy. ______ √ ____ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote: "... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go." Model Paper Can Man Triumph over Nature? When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power. Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of Appendix I - 98 - disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come. However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it. (154 words) Unit 2 ■ Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: What will the world be like in five hundred years' time? A thousand years' time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us. Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artificially, chosen, in the words of the song, "from the bottom of a long black tube." Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. It's enough, as he says, to make even God shake his head. Here is the song: In the Year 2525 Zager & Evans In the year 2525 If man is still alive If woman can survive They may find - 9^ - Appendix I In the year 3535 Ain't gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everything you think, do, or say Is in the pill you took today In the year 4545 Ain't gonna need your teeth, won't need your eyes You won't rind a thing to do Nobody's gonna look at you In the year 5555 Your arms are hanging limp at your sides Your legs not nothing to do Some machine is doing that for you In the year 6565 Ain't gonna need no husband, won't need no wife -: You'll pick your son, pick your daughter .too From the bottom of a long black tube . In the year, 7510 . If God's a-comin' he ought to make it by then ; Maybe he'll look around himself and say Guess it's time for the Judgment Day1 . In the year 8510 God's gonna shake his mighty head . He'll either say I'm pleased where man has been Or tear it down and start again In the year 9595 I'm kinda wondering if man's gonna be alive He's taken everything this old earth can give And he ain't put back nothing 1 the Judgment Day: the end of the world, the time of God's final judgment of all people Part II Text A Text Organization Now it's been 10,000 years Man has cried a billion tears For what he never knew Now man's reign is through But through the eternal night The twinkling of starlight So very far away Maybe it's only yesterday Appendix I - 95 ' l Parts Part One Paragraphs Paras 1-3 Part Two Paras 4-9 Part Three Paras 10-13 Main Ideas New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century. With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams. GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way. 1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act 2) They can eliminate most car accidents; ■ 3) They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen; 4) They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby; 5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy; 6) They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams. Vocabulary I. 1. 1) expansion 3) vapor :.j 2) manufacturing 4) take control of -96- Appendix 1 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) convert 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10)in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12)approximately 13) application 14)monotonous 15) mounted 2. 1) send out 3) result from 2)stand up for 4)making up for 5) starting up 7) give up 6)play up 8)take on play up take on 3. 1) With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford and Harvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. 2) Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As 3) a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gambling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers 4) usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars. 5) Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated. Expanded use of 4. 1) computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are 2) produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more 3) visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control technologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency, override the actions of the driver. II. Word Formation Clipped Words kilo kmileomgoram mgyemmorandum gymnasium kilogram memorandum gymnasium Blends Medicare email comsat medical care electronic mail communications satellite Appendix 1 - 9? - lib liberation newscast news broadcast doc doctor autopilot automatic pilot vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar prep preparatory brunch breakfast lunch auto automobile telecast television broadcast III. Usage 1. swimming pool 3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population 2. drawing board 4. disturbing change 6. Canned foods 8. puzzling differences Struct-ure 1 1) Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country. 2) The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming. 3) Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped to below 2000 yuan. 4) In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computer or doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines. 2. 1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely. 2) The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain administrative discipline. 3) The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay. 4) We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. alert 3. highway 5. take control of 7. decrease 9. monotonous 2. hazards 4. start up 6. lane 8. get stuck in 10. eliminate - 96 - Appendix I 11. convert (B) l.for 3. enabled 5. decreased / reduced 7.quantities 9. worldwide 11. manufacturing 13.on/upon 15. which 17. problems / hazards 19. Nevertheless 12. mounted 2. way 4. farther 6. by 8. locally 10. with 12. As 14. provide 16. itself 18. and 20. continuing II. Translation Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. a 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. b Iranslalion (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. introduction 3. diverse 5. in cooperation with 7. At die start of 9. perceive 11. appropriate 13. component 15. thereby 17. exposure 19. matures Appendix I - 99 - 2. outlines 4. feasible 6. assembly 8. implications 10. realistic 12. by means of 14. implemented 16. permanent 15. equivalent 20. en route Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Sample Resume ... Hong Qin Rm. 316, New College Dormitory Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing, Jiangsu, 212000 Tel: (025) 9709399 Email: hqin @ yahoo.com.cn Employment Objective Reporter position wiUi a major newspaper or magazine Education Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2002 ? Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale ? Proficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the Internet ? Courses taken included: Reporting Public Affairs Feature Writing Computer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass Communication Writing for Mass Communication Advertising and Public Relations - 100 - Appendix I World Press Systems Advanced Newspaper Design Employment Experience Reporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210005, June 2001 to August 2001 ? Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columns ? Interviewed contributors both over the phone and in person ? Met every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports by specified deadlines Assistant Editor / Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, July, 2000 — present ? Responsible for reporting students' activities at Xuanwu University ? Developed fortnightly stories without missing a single deadline Awards Second Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in Nanjing, 2001 Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2000 Professional Interests Member of the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province. Vice chairman of the Students' Union at Xuanwu University, Proficient in both Chinese and English References and writing samples available upon request. Unit 3 i Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The song you are about to hear was written by one of a group of four singers known as the Appendix I - 101 - Silhouettes. He wrote the song back in the 1950s, shortly after leaving the army. It is easy to imagine that it may well reflect his own experience of suddenly finding himself having to look for a job. If the song is anything to go by, his wife was largely unsympathetic, suspecting him of laziness and not trying hard enough. Every morning she would get him out of bed, telling him to get a job; every breakfast she would throw the paper down in front of him, pointing out the jobs he could apply for. And when he got home at the end of the day without having had any success she would accuse him of lying about his job hunting, suspecting, no doubt, that he had not bothered to try. Do you think he did? What does it sound like to you? Silhouettes—Get a Job Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yip Mum mum mum mum mum mum Get a jot Sna na na na, sna na na na na Every morning about this time she get me out of my bed a-crying get a job. Alter breakfast, every day, she throws the want ads right my way And never fail s to say, Get a job Sha na na na, sba na na na na Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yip Mum mum mum mum mum mum Get a job Sha na na na, sha na na na na And when I get the paper I read it through and through And my girl never fails to say If there is any work for me, - 102 ? Appendix I And when I go tack to the house I hear the woman's mouth Preaching and a crying, Tell me that I'm lying 'Lout a job That I never could rind. Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yip ? Mum mum mum mum mum mum Get a job Sha na na na, sha na na na na Part II Text A hx\ Organization 1. Parts Paragraphs Part One Paras 1-6 Part Two Part Three Paras 7-27 Paras 28-31 Main Ideas A recent college graduate failed to answer the questions at an interview because of lack of preparation. Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee Everyone should make his or her own tracks in whatever he or she does. 2. Suggestions Examples 1) Prepare to win. 2) Never stop learning. 3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. 4) Find a way to make a difference. 1) Michael Jordan 2) a 90-year-old tennis player 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran 4) New York cabdrivers Appendix 1 - 108- Vocabulary I. 1. 1) generously 2) physically 3) structure 4) partition 5) blurted out 6) chuckling 7) pried 8) prospective 9) jet 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner 13) made a (big) difference 14) beyond his wildest dream. 15) employment 2. 1) go after 2) look back on/at 3) be put up 4) count on 5) was handed down 6) follow up 7) bring about 8) broke into 3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night. 2) In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it. 3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon. 4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview. 5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. 4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, as well as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square. 2) In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers for the work. 3) Time is money, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy. II. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave) 2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoid repetition) 3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she - 104 - Appendix I would get $10.00 every week, (clean) 4. Since the Smiths' business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of busi- ness in Canada, (get along) 5. If you are prepared, you can certainly do the job. (perform or complete ) 6. Knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete ) 7. When I asked John why he does philosophy, he said that he does it simply because he finds it interesting, (study) 8. A small piece of cake will do for me, thanks, (be enough) 9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear, (be acceptable) III. Usage 1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I'll talk about myself first. 2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way. I have something here for you. 3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage? 4. I'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way. I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai. 5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible? 6. Chris has been back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Structure 1. 1) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, the institution needs better management rather than more money. 2) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, our schools have focused on tests to such an extent that the students hardly have any time left to participate in creative activities. 3) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, we can't judge people by appearance only, because clothes don't always reflect someone's personality. 4) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, talent just comes from doing something often enough. 2. 1) Sleep is a never ending task that has to be done at least once every couple of days, if not every day. 2) As I see it, pre-school children who are taught at home by their parents do at least as well as, if not better than, those educated at nursery schools. Appendix 1 - 105 - 3) It is difficult, if not impossible, for most people to think otherwise than in the fashion of their own period. 4) I have reasons to believe that most applicants, if not all of them, will have done their homework before the interview. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. prospective 3. As I see it 5. endeavor 7. take a crack 9. employment 11. make a difference (B) 1. matter 3. not 5. can 7. ask 9. If 11. what 13. take 15. whether 2. interview 4. done your homework 6. structure 8. from the standpoint 10. deadline 12. follow UD 2. to 4. possible 6. interview 8. copies 10. preparing 12. kinds 14. Prior 16. fit II. Translation Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success. - 106 - Appendix I Part III Text B Comprehension Check 1. b 3. a 5. a Translation (#?Appendix III) Language Practice 1. excerpt 3. took away 5. outer 7. dictates 9. get in 11. scraps 13. brand 15. carved 17. impression 19. take on 2. c 4. a 6. b 2. intricate 4. came at 6. administration 8. benign 10. Foundation 12. was wrenched 14. occupy 16. coiled 18. quivered 20. put in a word Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Sample Application Letter Rm. 316, New College Dormitory Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing, Jiangsu, 212000 Tel: (025) 9709399 Email: hqin@yahoo.com.cn August 25, 2002 Dr. Guoliang Li Director of the Human Resources Office Shanghai Star 20F, Huaihai Building 200 Huaihai Road (Middle) Shanghai 200021 Appendix I - 107- Dear Dr. Li, In searching for employment opportunities on the Internet, I learned of a job vacancy in the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your newspaper. I believe that my qualifications match the requirements you have listed for the position. As a journalism major at Xuanwu University in Nanjing, my academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and editing skills, particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college, English, Reporting Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations have been my favorite subjects. I would like to utilize my interests and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as well-known as your own. My resume reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research work and reporting. I greatly enjoyed work as a professional reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines, all of which I successfully met. I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was admitted to the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province last year. I was the vice chairman of the Students' Union in my university for two years. The enclosed resume provides further information about my experience and background. I wonder if it would be possible for us to meet one of these days so that you could learn more about me and I could find out more about the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025) 9709399 Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Hong Qin -106- Appendix 1 Unit 4 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The memory stands as a painful reminder of what society expected of Juanita Brooks, a biracial woman born in a race-conscious America more than 50 years ago. It was 1969, and a 22-year-old Brooks had moved from New York City to Miami, where she applied for a teaching position. Upon learning of Brooks' biracial background, the school's principal said, "This could be our secret if you request." The principal's assumption that Brooks was ashamed of her black heritage echoed what society expected at the time — for a biracial woman to choose one race over another. "He assumed I wanted to pass for white," said Brooks. "I didn't take the job because of that statement." Brooks' fair complexion and straight, brown hair make it easy to be perceived as white. But when faced with a choice, it was her black roots she embraced. After all, her birth certificate said she was black. And for years, either she or her parents checked the "black" box on U.S. Census forms. Why? Because Brooks' lineage is European American and African American. Historically, a person with any "ascertainable" amount of "negro" blood was considered black. This method of counting people of mixed-race heritage dates to the Civil War era, and often is referred to as the "one drop" rule. "Society was telling me who I was," she recalled. It wasn't until last year that Brooks officially could claim to be both races. Because of changes in federal guidelines for collecting statistics, Census 2000 was the first that allowed people to identify themselves as more than one race. There were 63 racial combinations to choose from, and almost 7 million Americans checked more than one, according to national census figures. Brooks, 54, checked African American and white. Appendix I - 109 - "As the years go on, society's views broaden," she said. "Fifty years ago, society had a narrow view concerning race. The word biracial ... wasn't even thought of." But new views have emerged. The younger generation is more diverse, and multiracial, multiethnic people are seeing themselves in a different light. "What I now claim is that I am (all) white and I am (all) black," Brooks said. "And in terms of my self image, it fits. But for many years before that, there was always the question of where do I belong." Part II Text A Text Organization l. Parts Paragraphs Part One Paras 1-5 Part Two Part Three Paras 6-21 Paras 22-24 Main Ideas America is not declining, but is in the process of creating a new collage-like civilization. Los Angeles is a good example of such a collage. There is something in America that acts as "glue" to piece different parts together to make the American collage: the chance to try. Things of Symbolic Value Los Angeles a PC company in Orange County a person born in Los Angeles (according to Jose Vasconcelos) America in the eyes of immigrants Standing for a new civilization a fusion of Third World cultures with the most modern mentalities and technologies a citizen of the world a place where you always have a chance to try - 110 - Appendix I Vocabulary I. 1. 1) plural 2) debt 3) thesis 4) inevitably 5) historical 6) precedents 7) constructive 8) destructive 9) ethnic 10) combination 11) stagnant 12) destiny 13) discourage 14) from the perspective of 15) in the (medical) sense 2. 1) leave behind 2) show up 3) go over 4) knock off 5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away 7) took in 8) keep up with 3. 1) Cooperation between nurse and patient is essential for infection in the hospital to be kept effectively under control. 2) Chinese people in ancient times had a sense that their country was at the center of the world and so called it "the Middle Kingdom". 3) A strong network of mentors, women and men, has helped me at various stages in my career. 4) We need to have/develop a conception of ourselves in the universe not as the master species but as the servant species: as the one being given responsibility for the whole and for the good of the whole. 5) We have cut the remark out of the program lest it should offend the listeners. 4. 1) With the economy in decline, a negative, pessimistic mentality will continue to undervalue good and profitable companies, thus paralyzing the stock market. 2) In his business style he bears many of the characteristics of an immigrant — including a strong, sometimes ruthless, desire to succeed. Maybe that is why he has achieved such unbelievable success. 3) Scholars of Confucianism are agreed that it is not so much a religion as a guide to a system of political organization, which emphasizes the values of cooperation with others and readi- ness to compromise and submerge one's own ideas in a broader and more popularly ac- ceptable solution. II. Confusable Words 1. like/as 3. like 5. as/like 7. like 2. as 4. like/as 6. as 8. as Appendix I -111- ■ III. Usage 1. Historically speaking, it was mountaineers from Britain who opened up the central part of the valley in the heyday of Victorian adventure. 2. Scientifically speaking, the experiment is of great interest. 3. Generally speaking, it will take about three weeks to build the model. 4. Strictly speaking, no language is completely translatable into another. Structure 1. 1) It is very useful knowing several foreign languages when you are traveling abroad. 2) It is quite futile trying to reason with him — he just won't listen. 3) It is funny watching Granny dancing such a lively dance. 4) It is nice working with her. 2. 1) his determination to realize his ideals 2) a desire to follow in his footsteps. 3) reached a decision to walk back 4) failure to properly educate its children Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. on the decline 3. for the first time 5. essential 7. destiny 9. ethnic (B) 1. born 2. historical 4. mentality 6. discouraged 8. immigrants 10. combination 2. about - 112 - Appendix I 3. against 5. Only 7. then 9. time 11. come 13. raised/born 15. so/therefore 17. to 4. because 6. would 8. not 10. if 12. ones 14. here 16. both II. Translation Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. c 3. c 5. a Translation (#J1 Appendix III) Language Practice 1. ethic 2. b 4. d 6. c 2. memorial 3. dwell 5. Contrary 7. Presumably 9. originate 11. derive 13. shortly after 15. entity 17. live on 19. in exile 4. mysterious 6. blur 8. was dwarfed 10. applaud 12. category 14. misery 16. streak 18. lead to 20. what of Appendix 1 - 113 Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model Paper Learning about Other Cultures If you want to get along with people from other nations, then learning their language alone is not enough. You also have to master their customs. Invited home by a Western friend for dinner, for example, you may well politely refuse when offered more food by your host, even though you would really like some more. If you do, you may well go hungry, for your host is quite likely not to offer again and may remove the dish from the table. Pressing a guest to take more after the guest has refused is considered bad manners in some Western countries rather than being the duty of a considerate host. Such differences in customs take time to discover. We often are so used to our own ways of doing things that it just does not occur to us that elsewhere people have altogether different ideas about what is proper and what is not. Yet the ability to mix at ease with people from different cultural backgrounds is becoming all the more necessary in a world that is growing ever smaller. (184 words) - 114 - Appendix I Units Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: Is it easy to be hard, easy to be cold towards others? The singer of the song you are about to hear thinks that too many people are cruel and have no feelings. His particular target is those who claim to care about large causes, the poor and underprivileged, at the same time as they are ready to ignore the needs of their friends. From the song, it sounds as if he has one particular friend in mind, a friend — perhaps a girl? — who seems to care more for social causes than she does for him. But whatever the reason, he complains that too many people find it all too "easy to be cold, easy to say no." Listen and see whether you agree with him or not. Easy to be Hard ■■ Three Dog Night How can people be so heartless How can people be so cruel Easy to be hard, easy to be cola How can people have no feelings How can they ignore their friends Easy to be proud, easy to say no Especially people who care about strangers Who care about evil and social injustice Do you only care about bleeding crowd How about a needing friend, I need a friend How can people be so heartless You know I'm hung up on you Easy to he proud, easy to say no Appendix 1 Especially people who care about strangers Who care about evil and social injustice Do you only care about bleeding crowd How about a needing friend, we all need a friend How can people he so heartless How can people he so cruel Easy to he proud, easy to say no Easy to he cold, easy to say no Come on, easy to give in, easy to say no Easy to he cold, easy to say no Much too easy to say no -115- Part II Text A Text Organization Parts Part One Paragraphs Para 1 Part Two Paras 2-3 Part Three Paras 4-51 Main Ideas It is no easy job to judge people, for they aren't always what they appear to be. Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly. As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to certain death. -116- Appendix I 2. Sections Section One Section Two Section Three Paragraphs Paras 4-16 Paras 17-31 Paras 32-51 Mainly about What Edward knew about Lenny How Edward responded to Lenny's request How Edward, a "kind" gentleman, handled a friend in desperate need of help Vocabulary i. l. l In a way 2) clapping 3 elderly 4) in accordance with 5 vacancy 6) funks 7 current 8) in good condition 9 transparent 10) rub 11 spicy 12) hitherto 13 committed 14) with (a) very bad grace 15 instinct 1) turned up 2) stuck to 3) brought back 4) settled down 5) driving at 6) put (them) away 7) touch on/upon 8) bear (me) out 1) She has a very weak constitution — she may not be able to survive the operation. 32) I was taken aback by the insurance company's rejection of my claim. 3) It was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that. 4) My hair needs trimming/to be trimmed — it's getting too long. 5) Appearances are often deceptive. 4. 1) Mr. Smith used to be a successful retailer in our community. Oddly enough he went broke overnight some time ago. The other day when I saw him wandering on the street, I was greatly shocked to find his hair all white and his face wrinkled. I was sad to see that he had gone all to pieces. 2) Marie gave me a definite reply via email; evidently she wouldn't be able to accept my invitation. I was a trifle disappointed. 3) When he finished shaving. Sterling would look at himself in the mirror again, stroking his chin with his hand. Then he would sit on a sofa sipping a cup of coffee. Appendix I -117- II. Usage 1. Except for 3. except 5. except to 7. except where 2. except that 4. except when 6. except what 8. except that III. American and British English Vocabulary AmE BrE apartment flat can tin candy sweets elevator lift faculty staff (of a university) first floor ground floor gas, gasoline petrol mail post railroad railway pants trousers subway tube, underground corn maize store shop Spelling AmE BrE favorable favourable paralyze paralyse paralyze labor labour meter metre catalog catalogue leveling levelling theater theatre defense defence plow plough program programme practice (v.) practise characterize characterise characterize tire tyre (on a car) Structure 1. 1) He'll accept the job unless the salary's too low. 2) Unless she comes soon, I'm going without her. 3) Milk quickly turns sour unless it's refrigerated. 4) Unless we are told to stop, we will carry on selling the furniture. 2. 1) If you happen to pass a baker's, pick me up a brown loaf. - 116 - Appendix I 2) Fortunately it happened that no one was in the house at the time of the explosion. 3) Peter happened to be speaking to me about his would-be mother-in-law./It happened that Peter was speaking to me about his would-be mother-in-law when she came in. 4) She happened to be out./It happened that she was out when he called. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. insane 3. current 5. in good condition 7. go all to pieces 9. vacancy 11. funk (B) 1. range 3. called 5. as 7. below 9. suffer 11. other 13. emotional 15. from 17. at 19. basis 2. committed 4. was taken aback 6. constitution 8. gone broke 10. mild 12. deceptive 2. to 4. Although 6. rural 8. understanding 10. but 12. it 14. no 16. into 18. reduce 20. about /of II. Translation For my own part. I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face/appearance alone. Appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judgment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the character created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising Appendix I -119- was that he was completely indifferent to Turner's death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. d 3. d 5. d Translation (#JAL Appendix III) Language Practice 1. handicapped 3. take (their) revenge 5. stomped 7. mercy 9. lucky 1 froze up 11. scooped 31. self-conscious 51. revenge 71. adrift 9. 2. c 4. b 6. d 2. for life 4. gouge 6. good and 8. depends...on 10. patted 12. put a stop to 14. shoved 16. let go 18. banking up 20. slugged Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model Paper Molding Character Why are some people kind and generous, others cruel and heartless? Were they born that way or were the differences in character shaped by differences in experience? The care that is taken in - 120 - Appendix I educating children shows that we place a lot of faith in good upbringing in the molding of character. Yet, children are clearly born with different temperaments and this will lead them to respond differently to the same treatment. Then again, accidents or disease can bring about changes to the brain that can completely transform a person's character. Deciding where the balance lies between nature and external causes can be difficult. Take, for example, the case of the man whose character changed from being amiable and law-abiding to being aggressive and antisocial in a matter of a few weeks. On investigation, it was found that the man was suffering from a brain tumour. When this was removed, he returned to his original kindly character. Later the tumour grew once again, and the same slide into antisocial behaviour began again. In both cases the tumour was pressing on the part of the brain that controls social behaviour and changing the man's character. The response from others was understanding and help. However, where a criminal is born with the same type of brain that the tumour caused, our response is not sympathy and treatment, but condemnation and punishment. Is this logical? Is it fair? (236 words) Unit 6 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: In the song you are about to listen to we hear what the singer is thinking as he writes his diary. Like many people who keep a diary, he treats it like a friend to whom he can pour out his inmost feelings. From the confidences he entrusts to his diary we learn of what he thinks of the way most people live. He thinks they spend their days in a rush, so much so that they have no time for him. As he says: So many people by the score. Rushing around so senselessly. They don't notice there's people like me. Perhaps he's right, perhaps people are too much in a rush to spare enough time for one another. Appendix I - 121 - Though one suspects they may have other reasons for not sparing the singer time. He sounds altogether self-centred, looking at the world only from his own narrow point of view. We hear this at the end of the song, when he passes lightly over an H-bomb explosion as something of no concern to him as nobody he knew was involved. Given his outlook, it is probably just as well he has his diary as a friend, as others might find it a bit hard to put up with him. Dear Diary The Moody Blues Dear diary, what a day it's been. Dear diary, it's teen just like a dream. Woke up late. Wasn't where I should have keen. For goodness sake what's happening to me. Write lightly, yours truly, dear diary. It was cold outside my door. So many people by the score. Rushing around so senselessly. They don't notice there's people like me. Write lightly, yours truly, dear diary. They don't know what they're playing. They've no way or knowing what the game is. Still they carry on doing what they can. Outside me, yours truly, dear diary. It's over. Will tomorrow he the same: I know that they're really not to blame. If they weren't so blind then surely they'd see. There's a muck better way for them to he. Inside me, yours truly, dear diary. Somebody exploded an H-bomb today. But it wasn't anyone I knew. 122 Appendix I Part II Text A lexl Organization 1. Parts Paragraphs Part One Paras 1-11 Part Two Paras 12-18 Part Three Paras 19-23 Part Four Paras 24-28 Main Ideas The author gives three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today. Not every one is time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actually gained more free time in the past decade. The perception of time-famine has triggered a variety of reactions. The author pins down the crux (fE^p) of the problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel. 2. 1) The motorcar causes more traffic problems than it promises to solve. 2) The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of. 3) The washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing and ironing. 4) Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work into our leisure time. 5) Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. 6) Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet. Vocabulary I. 1. 1) appliance 3) multiply 5) prosperity 7) aircraft 2) comparative 4) oblige 6) in reality 8) volunteers Appendix 1 - 123 - 9) a handful of 10) distribution 11) famine 12) large quantities of/a large quantity of 13) widespread 14) streamline 15) provoke 2. 1) take back 2) cling to 3) stand out/stood out 4) set aside 5) set about 6) switch off 7) amount to 8) poured in 3. 1) The unemployment rate is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent. 2) There seems to be some confusion over who is actually giving the talk as both men are speaking to the audience. 3) Efforts to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames. 4) The board was urged to divert some of its attention from controlling production and get more involved with demand issues. 5) Losing just one or two items of expensive clothing can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ?900 and dresses at ?2,000. 4. 1) After two days' discussion, industry leaders who took part in the forum concluded mat the most common reason for a company to 'go international' was insufficient growth in the domestic market, mostly due to a shortage of financial back-up from the local government. 2) There is an abundance of evidence showing that in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in almost every corner of Europe the area under the plough was expanding, villages were springing up. new lands were being colonized, and the frontiers of Europe were being pressed forwards and outwards. 3) Has the ever-increasing pace of modern living gotten you down? Has the quest for more money and more excitement become a burden in your life? Surveys show that today a lot of Americans feel weary of being knocked backwards and sideways just because they are always on the go /seem forever on the go. In their crazy search for fulfillment, they've gotten themselves into situations in which they are not able to cope. II. Confusable Words 1. 1) nervousness 3) stress, stress/tension 2. 1) honorary 2) tension 4) tension 2) Honorable - 124 - Appendix 1 3) honorable 5) honorable 4) honorary 6) honorary III. Usage 1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask , to spend large sums of money to save some species — be it an elephant or an orchid — in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line? 2) This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened — at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph (测谎器) readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves. 3) With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does. 4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices. ■ Structure 1. 1) Philosophical essays and translations apart. Mr. Sinclair's early literary production also covered poetry and short stories. 2) Interest in computer science apart. Michael has an enduring love of the arts, especially music and painting. 3) Handsome reward apart, the work can be thoroughly enjoyable and rewarding in its own right. 4) Good looks apart, there is a quality about her that makes her stand out from all the other girls in the class. 2. 1) What I am convinced of is that the world's population will grow to an unforeseen extent. 2) The service that we can provide for our customers is what we really care about and our staff make every effort to maintain as high standards as possible. 3) He may have traveled all over the world, yet what most often emerges in his dreams are not the mountains he has climbed nor the oceans he has crossed, but the narrow, winding lanes he used to pass through and the rivers he used to catch frogs in as a child. 4) The billionaire said in a recent TV interview that money is not like eggs he could hatch chickens from. Money is just something he would hold onto for a little while and pass on to someone who needs it more than he does. Appendix I - 125 - Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. switch off 3. on the go 5. cope 7. widespread 9. pouring in 11. fraction (B) l)to 3) in 5) where 7) among 9) That 11) sticking 13) once/when 15) the 17) all / what 2. obliged 4. stress 6. shortage 8. large quantity of 10. a handful of 12. futile 2) else's 4) because 6) how 8) everything / all / what 10) schedule / allot 12) where/ what 14) doesn't 16) in/under 18) effectively II. Translation There is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process. - 126 - Appendix I Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. c 3. b 5. d Translation (#ja Appendix III) Language Practice 1. browse 3. forth 5. zone 7. signify 9. run the risk of 11. characterize 13. buzz 15. confess 17. waterproof 19. haste mo) 2. a 4. b 6. c 2. endurance 4. suspended 6. no wonder 8. under (tremendous) pressure 10. opt 12. volume 14. parallel 16. on the wing 18. thrilled 20. captioned ■ Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model Paper Making the Most of Time Time is peculiar. At first sight it would seem that one second must last as long as another, no more, no less. Yet, in terms of our experience nothing could be further from the truth. Often time seems to fly past; before we know it the end of the week has arrived again. Is there any way to slow it down? There is a character in Kurt Vonnegut's Catch 22 who tries to make his life seem longer by Appendix 1 -127- doing boring and repetitive things, in the belief that this will make time go slower. Unfortunately, he was quite wrong. The way to slow time down is to do many new and interesting things. Repeat the same old pattern week after week and time flies past. Take a break from routine, go on holiday to somewhere completely new or take up a fresh task, and the days begin to pass more slowly. So, if you want to feel as if time is not passing you by, break up your routine and do something new. (178 words) Unit 7 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: The Neil Young song you are about to hear was written to pay tribute to the passengers on the hijacked United Airlines Flight 93 that crashed in Pennsylvania on September 11. "Let's Roll" was inspired by the words of passenger Todd Beamer, who made a call from the plane and told of the passengers' plan to storm the cockpit to overpower the terrorists. As he set the phone down, the 32-year-old account manager reportedly said, "Let's roll." — Let's go. Moments later, Flight 93 crashed into the western Pennsylvania countryside, killing all 45 people aboard but stopping the hijackers from carrying out their plan to strike a target in Washington, D.C. — possibly the White House or Congress. The song starts with the ringing of a phone and we hear the passenger sending a message to his loved ones, saying I know I said I love you, I know you know it's true, before putting down the phone as he, together with other passengers, set out to tackle the hijackers. If they were to be stopped, there was no time for indecision. The passengers knew that if the terrorists were to be prevented from killing more people it was up to them to stop them, even if this meant losing their own lives. And so they went ahead, rolling bravely into history, rolling for justice, rolling for truth. Appendix I Let's Roll Neil Young I know I said I love you, I know you know it's true, I got to put the phone down, And do what we gotta do. One's standing in the aisle way, Two more at the door, We got to get inside there, Before they kill some more. Time is runnin’ out, let s roll. Time is runnin' out, let's roll. in No time for indecision, We got to make a move, I hope that we're for given, For what we gotta do. ■How this all got started, I'll never understand, I hope someone can fly this thing, Get us back to land. Time is runnin' out, let's roll. Time is runnin' out, let s roll. No one has the answers, But one thing is true, You got to turn on evil, when it's comin' after you. You got to race it down, And when it tries to hide, You got to go in after it, And never be denied. Time is runnin' out, let's roll. Let's roll tor freedom, Let's roll for love, Goin' alter Satan, On the wings of a dove. Let's roll for justice, Let's roll for truth, Let's not let our children, Grow up fearful in their youth. Time is runnin' out, let's roll. Time is runnin' out, let's roll. Time is runnin' out, let's roll. Appendix I - 129 - Part II Text A Text Organization 1. 1) People seem to love the Brooklyn Bridge more than ever before. 2) People grow more friendly to one another regardless of race. 3) It is a fashion now for people to wear ID tags. 4) There seemed to be a baby boom after Sept. 11, at least, in Brooklyn. 5) People seem to be having more bad dreams, Sept. 11-related. 2. The last part deals with the so-called dream boom. In this way it echoes the very beginning of the essay — the title and the subtitle. - 180 - Appendix I Vocabulary faxed 2) boom jogs 4) contending span 6) hiking pertinent tags 8) adolescents 10) weaves all of a sudden 12) statistical string 14) disapproving recurs had backed up 2) went off is held up 4) settle for be laid up 6) strike out reflect on 8) applied for 1) The infant mortality rate is very high in the poorest areas of Africa. 2) Why pay a repairman when we can fix it by ourselves for nothing? 3) It was unusual that John was among the few who arrived early at yesterday's party, for which he was praised by the hostess. 4) These old houses need a lot of maintenance whatever the cost. 5) Looking out of the window we found the lake (was) enveloped in thick fog. 1) He pondered for a few moments before he made up his mind to fax Bill the statistical evidence that could be used to back up his argument. 2) It takes much imagination to realize how these ordinary working women skillfully weave such beautiful and unusual patterns in fabrics. 3) I recently got a thorough maintenance check on my new Buick for nothing from the car dealer from whom I bought it about half a year ago. II. Collocation 1. a little of 2. a few / a few of the; most of/many of 3. much 4. few 5. many 6. many of / most of 7. much of 8. little III. Usage 1. All I did was fax her the paper so as to let her decide what to do. Appendix I - 181 - 2. What you need to do is write a follow-up letter after the interview to indicate your eagerness to join the company. 3. "All you ever want to do is go shopping," Tim shouted at his wife. 4. All I did was touch the window, and it broke. 5. What the publisher did was cash in on the chance to promote his new textbooks. 6. What we'll do is leave a note for Bob to tell him we'll be back in time for the dinner party. Structure 1. 1) "You seem to like smoking a pipe, don't you? Did you use to like it before?" asked Phil. 2) Life here is much easier than it used to be. 3) We used to be able to walk around the town at night without fear of being mugged. But now no one dares to go out after dark. 4) You don't come and see us as you used to. 2. 1) It seems they don't care whether the deal is profitable or not. 2) She doesn't care who teaches so long as he/she teaches well. 3) Don't fuss about it. No one cares how you dress. 4) Most people don't seem to care when/ where/ how the conference will be held. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. reflect on 3. fax 5. boom 7. backup 9. recurring 11. weave (B) 1. told 3. What 5. think 7. When 9. declares 2. span 4. imagination 6. statistical 8. contends 10. send in 2. of 4. on 6. But 8. also 10. itself - 132 - Appendix I 11. what 13. not 15. war 17. every 19. ways 12. will 14. What 16. cannot 18. But 20. than II. Translation A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10a.m. yesterday in a rural area, about 200 kilometers east of the city. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastation/damage and heavy casualties. Many adolescents were among those injured or killed. Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble. However, one thing is certain: many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering. Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality. Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. a 3. b 5. b Translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. have booked 3. running down 5. host 7. bound for 9. put (as much) emphasis on 2. c 4. b 6. c 2. crew 4. recruits 6. summit 8. countered 10. have been arrested 11. justice 13. tempt 15. have been waging / have waged 17. tipped off 19. phase 12. have posed 14. underwent 16. federal 18. slaughtered 20. scout Appendix I - 138 - Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Writing Strategy Tick which of the following can be used as a proposition: ____________ Ali stared silently at the big-screen television while the World Trade Center buckled and crumbled. √ ___We must not equate Muslims with terrorists. Model Paper How We Should Combat Terrorism To my mind, we need to be both tough on terrorism and tough on the causes of terrorism. Let us take the second point first. It is sometimes said that one person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter. There is obviously an element of truth in this, for while the events of September 11 clearly shocked the West, in a number of Muslim countries opinion was more divided. There many viewed the United States as an enemy that deserved to be attacked. Much of this hostility springs from American support for Israel and could be diminished through a successful effort to end the Arab-Israeli conflict. Could, then, eliminating the underlying causes eliminate all terrorism? This seems doubtful. A world without conflicting interests seems a pleasant dream, but a dream nonetheless. There will always be people with a grievance and people heartless enough to pursue their grievance through taking innocent lives. This means that we will need to continue to be on our guard and ready to take forceful measures to confront terrorism. (176 words) - 184 - Appendix 1 I Unit ft Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: We live busy lives with so little time to enjoy the world around us that oftentimes we almost forget it is there. Living in the Niagara region, an area that has so much to offer both scenically and historically, we forget about the diversity of nature and the fact that not everyone lives as we do. Going to university in Toronto this year, I was surprised to learn that Niagara is one of the top crop producers in not only Ontario, but also Canada. I was even more surprised that many of the people I met who were from Toronto had never seen a farm before, or enjoyed the small pleasures of picking their own fruit or going for hikes in scenic areas. I realized that I was lucky to have experienced both the urban and rural life. Intrigued by the question of how I felt about living so close to Niagara Falls, I decided to stop by after work one night and really look at them. I felt as though I was really seeing the falls for the first time, and they truly were everything that the tourists had promised. Staring into the never-ending cascades of water, I was mystified by it all. Here I was, standing at the top of such a glorious sight that I had seen so many times before, but for the first time in my life, I was truly seeing it the way that it was meant to be seen; through the eyes of a tourist. ? Part II Text A Appendix I - 185 Text Organization 1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-5 Part Two Paras 6-8 Part Three Paras 9-18 Description of the Napo River and surrounding jungle scenery at night, together with the author's reflections on it. Recalling what happened to her at their arrival at the village and what others felt about the Napo River and the people there. Detailed description of journeying in the jungle and her feelings about it 1) Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions 2) The sweet air 3) Various kinds of trees and other plants 4) River abundant in fish 5) Little girls who liked to play with the writer's hair 6) Children singing lovely songs 7) Treating guests with wonderful foods 8) People and nature in harmony Vocabulary I. 1. 1) heap 3) in detail 5) loosed 7) hollows 9) get her hands on 11) thrashing 2) was smeared 4) dissolve 6) slapped 8) tangle 10) darted 12) hop - 186- Appendix I 13) in flocks 14) illumine 15) opaque 2. 1) take ... apart 2) take up 3) rests on 4) subscribe to 5) have called for 6) came through 7) breaks down 8) runs out of 3. 1) After reading the book Little Women, Mary was dying to see the movie based on it. 2) As a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sound from the ground. That's why street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of our office building. 3) At the very sight of the spokeswoman's beauty and elegance/ the beautiful and elegant spokeswoman the crowd hushed. 4) Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into an armchair, feeling completely exhausted. 5) Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-story writer, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time. 4. 1) Thousands of people swarmed to the East Lake yesterday to watch the spectacular boat race between the world champions who paddled their boats like mad. 2) The Smiths live in the heart of a large forest, which is out of the range of all the noise of modern cities. The house itself, the ivy trailing over the stone walls and the swans gliding in the lake nearby all make for an ideal place for anyone to live in. 3) Now soft, now loud, the lids on the tea cups clattered as the train passed swiftly strips of rather uneven land on the fringe of a seemingly endless desert. II. Confusable Words 1. 1) worth 3) worthwhile 5) worth 2. 1) lone 3) alone 5) lonely 2) worthy 4) worth 6) worthwhile 2) alone 4) lonely 6) alone; lonely III. Usage 1. ice cream 3. wines 5. soap 2. teas 4. cloth 6. beer 7. fuels 9. sugars 8. soils 10. grass Appendix I - 137- Struct ure l 1) George had to abandon his ambitious plan to set up a research center because it was impossible for him to get/start his program going without strong financial support. 2) As soon as Roy put on his ridiculous hat and began to laugh merrily on the stage, he started/ set the audience in the theater laughing heartily as well. 3) News reports about the risks of certain types of plastic surgery have set phones ringing in plastic surgeons' offices across the country. 4) When Beth saw the guy who had ruined her plan, a burst of anger had her getting to her feet and walking out of the room immediately 2. 1) I wonder what he was doing during the three years he was away. Did he join the army? Did he leave England? Did he become a criminal? 2) Have you ever wondered how/why mountains are the way they are and why the Himalayas are the highest in the world? 3) One of the oldest human needs is having someone wonder where you have been when you don't come home at night. 4) Have you ever wondered who invented the first watch and how they knew what time it was? Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. trails 3. in the heart 5. slap 7. glides 9. out of sight 11. swarms (B) 1. running 3. either 5. main 7. prefer 2. tangled 4. loop 6. oars 8. clatter 10 in flocks 12. spectacular . 2. trips 4. by 6. tributaries 8. foot - 1 S& - Appendix I 9. through 11. creating 13. lies 15. second 17. including 10. If 12. While 14. where 16. With 18. will II. Translation Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city. Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. c 3. b 5. b Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. shallow 3. is pumped 5. overtakes 7. seemingly 9. imitation 2. a 4. d 6. b 2. vivid 4. is given to 6. imminent 8. eternal 10. repetition 11. shrinks 13. monuments 15. came upon 17. at a stroke 19. infinite Appendix I - 189 - 12. summoned 14. equality 16. productive 18. exotic , 20. run over Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Sample Letter of Reservation The Landlord The Holly Tree Inn Ambleside KN3 5MN 10 Mill Lane London N6 2RT 2 February 2003 Dear Landlord I am planning a walking holiday in the Lake District this spring and would like to book a single room at your inn for the night of 11 April. I cannot give a definite time of arrival as this will all depend on the weather - if it is fine, I may well not arrive until late. Kindly let me know by return of post whether you will be able to accommodate me on the date mentioned so that I can complete plans for my trip. Should you require a deposit I shall be happy to provide one. Yours faithfully H. Wainwright Appendix Ⅱ Chinese Translations of Texts B (Units 1-8) 参考译文 第一单元 与自然力量抗争 课文A 人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧,他们所向披靡,便以为自己战 无不胜,不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。 冰雪卫士 奈拉·B·斯密斯 1812年,法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋 勇抵抗。他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。但他没有料到在莫 斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。 1941年,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军事实力堪 称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒希望速战速决,但是,就像在他之 前的拿破仑一样,他得到的是痛苦的教训。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。 拿破仑发起的战役 1812年春,拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练,作战力强,装备精良。 这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信,预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。 不久,拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。令 他吃惊的是,俄国人并不奋起抵抗。相反,他们一路东撤,沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。大军紧追不舍, 但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。 到了8月,法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战,这一战役中,双方各有上万人阵亡。可是,俄国 人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。是 继续追击俄国,军队,还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那儿度过将到的冬天? 拿破仑孤注一掷,决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。1812年9月7日,法俄两军在莫 斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。夜幕降临时,3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡, 倒在了战场上。 俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科,然而,对该市的占领成为毫无意义的 胜利。俄国人弃城而走。法国人进城不久,一场熊熊大火烧毁了整个城市的三分之二。拿破仑向亚 历山大一世提出停战,但沙皇深知他可以等待时机:“且让俄罗斯的严冬为我们战斗吧。” 拿破仑很快意识到,他无法在冬天向远在莫斯科的军队供应粮草、提供御寒衣物和宿营 之地。1812年10月,他命令大军撤出莫斯科。 法军的撤离成为一场噩梦。俄国人出没于田野与森林,采用打了就跑的战术,向法国人 发起攻击。刚出莫斯科城,气温就降到摄氏零下4度。11月3日降下初雪。困乏的马匹倒地而死。大 炮陷入雪中。装备只得被用作燃料焚烧。士兵们染病冻死。法国士兵拖着脚步行进,一路上留下无 数死尸。 正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时,法国人却不得不逃离俄国,以避免注定的失败。在别列 津纳河,俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁,差点将后撤的法军困于河边。侥幸的是,拿破仑居然 突击造起两座桥。成千上万法国士兵得以逃脱,但却损失了5万人。渡过别列津纳河,溃不成军的 幸存者一瘸一拐地向维尔纽行进。 拿破仑发兵60万进入俄国,只有不到10万士兵返回。元气大伤的法国军队在欧洲继续西 撤。不久,英国、奥地利、俄国以及普鲁士组成强大的联盟,:攻击这些散兵游勇。1814年3月, 巴黎被攻占。拿破仑退位去过流放生活,他缔造的帝国随之灭亡。 希特勒的入侵 到1941年初,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒已经控制了欧洲大部分地区。希特勒的德意 志帝国的东部与苏联毗邻。194'1年6月22日,希特勒不宣而战,入侵苏联,,发动了历史上规模最 大的一场陆地战役。希特勒自信能速战速决,,预计这一战役不会超过3个月。他计划采用征服了 欧洲其余地区的闪电式战略。入侵计划包含三大目标:向列宁格勒与莫斯科进攻,并横扫乌克兰。 苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林被打了个措手不及,-·他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之 前实行“焦土”政策。农场和工厂被焚烧毁坏,或被弄得无法运转。’在入侵的最初10个星期内, 德国人一路东进,俄国人伤亡人数多达一百多万。 在北方,德国人包围了列宁格勒。尽管忍受着极大困苦,列宁格勒的人民绝不投降。列 宁格勒保卫战一直持续到冬季,此时该市的处境变得危急。由于食品匮乏,人们死于饥饿与疾病。 到了1941年和1942年之间的寒冬,几乎每天有4千人死于饥饿。列宁格勒之围造成近百万人死亡。 在俄国中部,希特勒的目标是占领莫斯科。由于德国人指望速战速决,他们没有准备过 冬的补给。10月来临,大雨不停。“泥泞将军”拖延了德国人闪电式进攻韵行动。 正当希特勒的军队逼近莫斯科时,寒冷的冬季早早地降临苏联,那是多年不遇的严寒。 气温降到摄氏零下48度。大雪纷飞。对俄国的严寒冬季毫无思想准备的德国士兵身着单薄的夏装, 一个个被冻伤+德国人的坦克掩埋在深深的雪堆中。俄罗斯的冬季阻止了德国人的攻势。 到1942夏天,希特勒又发起两场新的攻势。在南方,德国人占领了塞瓦斯托波尔。希特 勒随后向东推进到斯大林格勒,』口是沿伏尔加河绵延48公里的一座大工业城市。尽管艰苦卓绝, 苏联抵抗者拒绝放弃斯大林格勒。 1942年11月,俄国人发起了一场反攻。德国军队在斯大林格勒城内外几乎没有挡风避寒 的地方,食品和补给的匮乏更使其元气大伤。直到1943年1月德国人才放弃围城。进攻斯大林格勒 的30万德国人只剩下9万忍饥挨饿的士兵。斯大林格勒一战的失利最终使希特勒时乖运蹇。部分地 由于俄罗斯的冬季,德国人走向失败了。 在1943年与1944年期间,苏联军队将德军阵线往西逼退。在北方,1944年1月15日,红军 发起突然袭击,解除了列宁格勒长达3年之久的围困。列宁格勒那些英勇无畏的幸存者看着入侵者 在两个星期内全部撤离。到了1944年3月,乌克兰的农村又回到了苏维埃手中。1944年5月9日,塞 瓦斯托波尔从德国人手中被解放出来。至此,俄国人向柏林进发。 就希特勒而言,对苏联的入侵成为一场军事灾难。对俄罗斯人民来说,这场入侵带来了 无法形容的苦难。苏维埃在第二次世界大战中死亡的人数几乎达到2千3百万。 俄罗斯的冰雪卫士 任何军事行动都必须考虑到自然的因素。拿破仑和希特勒都低估了俄罗斯冬季的严酷。 冰雪和极低的气温使两支侵略军付出惨重的代价。对俄罗斯人民而言,严冬是他们的冰雪卫士。 第二单元 智能汽车 课文A 能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话的智能汽车?还能自动驾驶?这听起来或许 像是在做梦,但计算机革命正致力于把这一切变为现实。 智能汽车 米基奥·卡库 即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业,也将感受到计算机革命的影响。 汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车,或者说每10 人就有1辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右,从而成为世界上最大的制造业。 汽车及其行驶的道路,将在2l世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。 “我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路,”正在设计未来 智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔·斯普雷扎预言道。 美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多,我们已 经不屑在报纸上提及。这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的,另有许多死亡事故是驾驶 员不小心所导致。