图18-16 The final phase of protein synthesis .The binding of release factor to a stop codon terminates translation.The completed polypeptide is released,and the ribosome dissociates into two separte subunits.
图18-15 The elongation phase of protein synthesis on a ribosome.The three-step cycle shown is repeated over and over during the synthesos of a protein chain.An aminoacyl-tRNA moleculie binds to the A-site on the rebosome is step l,a new peptide bond is formed in sted 2,and the ribosome moves a distance of three nucleotides along the mRNA chain in step 3,ejecting an old tRNA molecule and "resetting" the ribosome so that the next aminoacyl-tRNA molecule can bind.As indicated in Figure 6-21,the p-site is drawn on the left side of the ribosome,with the A-site on the right.
(四)翻译的终止及多肽链的释放:
无论原核生物还是真核生物都有三种终止密码子UAG,UAA和UGA。没有一个tRNA能够与终止密码子作用,而是靠特殊的蛋白质因子促成终止作用。这类蛋白质因子叫做释放因子,原核生物有三种释放因子:RF1,RF2t RF3。RF1识别UAA和UAG,RF2识别UAA和UGA。RF3的作用还不明确。真核生物中只有一种释放因子eRF,它可以识别三种终止密码子。
不管原核生物还是真核生