叙事一般用过去式,对应完成时进行时等都要进行变换。而其中的议论一般是使用一般时,因为是自己的 评论。想法感受等比如感觉疲劳那用过去时,而光荣等能持续到现在的,一般就用现在时。 如果是客观真理事实,那么无论如何都要用现在时。 议论文、说明文一般用一般时。 特别注意在直接引语中要用一般时态(特殊情况除外) 1.要是明天下雨的话,这场比赛就要取消。 [误] The match will be canceled if it will rain tomorrow. [正] The match will be canceled if it rains tomorrow. 分析:在条件从句里要用一般现在时态表将来,所以 will rain 应该改 为 rains.但是 will 如果表示意愿的话,可以用条件从句或时间从句表 将来。但主语一定要是人。例如: If you will come, you can. 如果你愿意的话,你可以跟我去。 2.地理老师告诉我们,地球是绕太阳转的。 [误] The geography teacher told us that the earth moved round the sun. [正] The geography teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun. 分析:根据时态一致性原则,主句的谓语如果是一般过去时态时,从 句一般要与其时态对应。即从句的时态必须用过去时态、过去进行时 态、过去完成时态等。但如果从句所表达的内容是一种规律、习惯性 的东西,从句的谓语也不要改变。 3.你总是犯这个错误。 [误] You always make the same mistake. [正] You are always making the same mistake. 分析:be + 频度副词 + 现在分词,这种进行时态,是一种表达具有 感情色彩的表达。一般现在时态不能表达这个含义。 4.我们马上就要出发了,因此没有时间去看他了。 [误] We are about to leave at once, so there is no time to visit him. [正] We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him. 分析:be about to do sth 意思是“即将,马上…”。它不能和以一时间 状语连用: tomorrow, at once, soon, in a moment, in time, immediately 等。 5.我本来打算去告诉你的,可是我错过了最后一班车。 [误] I would tell you about it, but I missed the last bus. [正] I was going to tell you about it, but I missed the last bus. 分析: 过去打算要做什么, 要用 was/were going to do 这个句型。 would do 这种将来时态没有计划和安排的含义。 6.转眼间在这里一下就住了十年了。 [误] It is ten years since we have lived here. [正] It is ten years since we lived here. 分析: It is + 时间 + since…意思是“自从…以来又有…”。 在此句型中, 前面主句的时态应该用 is 或 has been, 在现代英语中,多用 is。从句 的时态应该用过去时态,如果前面主句用的是过去时态,后面的从句 相应该用过去完成时态。 例如: It was three years since he had joined the army five years ago. 7.这是他第二次去美国了。 [误] This is the second time that he went to the United States. [正] This is the second time that he has been to the United States. 分析: 要表达第几次做什么事, 应该用“it is + 序数词 + (that) + 主 语 + have done ”这个句型。如果该句型里的 is 用过去时态,那么, 从句里的时态也应该用过去完成时态。那么这个句型为:It was + 序 数词 + (that) + 主语 + had done. 8.妈妈对孩子说:“作业没做完,你不出去玩。” [误] You can’t go out to play as your homework is not being finished. [正] You can’t go out to play before your homework will be finish ed. 分析: before 是一个表示时间的连词,它连接的时间状语从句应该 且一般现在时态表将来,因此,从句的谓语应该由将来时态改一般现 在时态。 9.他们一回到家里,就下起雨来了。 [误] They hardly got home when it began to rain. [正] They had hardly got home when it began to rain. [正]Hardly had they got home when it began to rain. 分析:hardly…when/before…是一组连词,意思是“一…就…”。在这 个连词连接的句子中,句子的前半部分应该用过去完成时态。后部分 用过去时态。在这个句型中,如果 hardly 放在句首,这个句子应该倒 倒装。具有相同用法与意思的连词还有:no sooner…than…; scarcely…when/before…等。 10.上个星期我们本来打算来看你的。 [误] We hoped to come and see you last week. [正] We had hoped to come and see you last week. 分析:had hoped to do 表示过去没有实现的愿望。类似的句型还有如 下: had meant to do (==meant to have done …) had intended to do (==intended to have done …) had thought to do (==thought to have done…) had hoped that + 主语 + would do… 11.他打电话告诉我说他丢失的眼镜找到了。 [误] He phoned to tell me that he found the lost glasses. [正] He phoned to tell me that he had found the lost glasses. 分析:根据时态的致性原则,主句用一般过去时态时,从句应该用过 去时态(过去进行时态、一般过去时态、过去完成时态)。如果从句 的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 从句应该用过去完成 时态。 12.要是我买了昨天的音乐会的票那就好了。 [误] If only I bought the ticket for the concert yesterday. [正] If only I had bought the ticket for the concert yesterday. 分析:if only 是一个固定词组,意思是“要是…那就好了”。这是表达 一个针对过去的一个虚拟的愿望。在该句型中,谓语致词应该用过去 完成时态。类似这样的表达虚拟的句型还有:wish that + 主语 + had done….(希望过去做过…);would/had rather (that) + 主语 + had done…。 13.希望你们能够马到成功。 [误] You are hoped to succeed at the beginning. [正] It is hoped that you will succeed at the beginning. 分析:hope sb to do sth 这外句型是错误的。hope 不能带不定式作复 合宾语。要表达这个意思有两种方法:① it is hoped that…; ② We hoped that you will… 14. 这个问题目前很难解决。 [误] This problem is difficult to be solved at present. [正] This problem is difficult to solve at present. 分析:在“…adj + to do”这种结构中,作状语的不定式与该的主语构 成逻辑动词关系,习惯上,这下不定式应该用主动表被动。 15. 你应该在 8:00 赶到。 [误] You supposed to arrive at 8:00. [正] You are supposed to arrive at 8:00. 分析:be supposed to do sth 这是一个句型,意思是“理应。。。,应 当。。。,按理。。。”。 如果用于否定,意思是“不可。。。,不 许。。。”。表示一种委婉的禁止。例如: You are not supposed to smoke in this building.你可不要在这栋建筑物 里抽烟。 16. 在那些日子里,那些工人们被迫工作 12 小时以上。 [误] The workers are made work over twenty hours a day in those days. [正] The workers are made to work over twenty hours a day in those days. 分析:动词不定式在使径动词后 make, let 及感管动词后 feel, watch, see, notice, hear, listen to, observe 等动词后作宾语补时,常省略 to,但 转换成被动语态时,一定要加上这个 to. 17. 这种布摸起来很柔软。 [误] This kind of cloth is felt soft. [正] This kind of cloth feels soft. 分析: 感管动词 feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem, appear 等的主动形 式表被动含义。 18. 他讲的英语人家听不懂。 [误] He can’t make himself understand in English. [正] He can’t make himself understood in English. 分析:make oneself + 过去分词,这是一个句型,意思是“让自己被人 家所理解”。类似这样的动词还有:feel, hear, realize, understand,pay attention to, know 等。 19. 你昨天把什么送去修理了。 [误] What did you have to repair yesterday? [正] What did you have repaired yesterday? 分析:have sth done,此句型的意思是“让某事被做”。 20. 那栋房子是属于他的。 [误] That house is belonged to him. [正] That house belong to him. 分析:belong to 是及物动词,但是没有被动语态。以下动词同样没有 被动语态:take place; break out 等。 Kjhjhugyugyufg 有乱码