1、查理.卓别林( 1889年4月16日----1977年12月25日 ) 喜剧之王 卓别林的第一部有声电影《 大独裁者 》,是专门针对 阿道夫·希特勒 和纳粹主义所制作,并于美国放弃孤立主义参战的前一年发表。在当时的政治气候下,这部影片的诉求相当大胆。它生动地写明纳粹主义的丑恶,并塑造一个生动的犹太角色,描写他遭受到的迫害。卓别林在这部电影中同时扮演了一位类似(包括面目形状上的类似) 希特勒 的纳粹独裁者和一位受纳粹主义残酷迫害的犹太理发师。酷爱电影的希特勒看了这部电影两次(希特勒个人的影院征求的影片的纪录尚存)。此外希特勒与卓别林的生日只差四天(希特勒出生于1889年4月20日)。 2、 阿道夫·希特勒( 1889年4月20日---1945年4月30日) 世界大魔头(另外两个小魔头为墨索里尼和东条英机) 与路德维希·维特根斯坦是小学同学,比路德维希·维特根斯坦年长6天。 3、路德维希·维特根斯坦( 1889年4月26日---1951年4月29日) 目前在近200年哲学家中排名第一,代表作《逻辑哲学论》《哲学研究》。剑桥大学三一学院博士毕业,导师为罗素(排第三位)。 备注:按照这个榜单,前十名分别是:1、维特根斯坦,2、弗雷格,3、罗素,4、密尔(小密尔,即《功利主义》的作者),5、奎因,6、黑格尔,7、克里普克,8、尼采,9、马克思,10、克尔凯郭尔。 最后一名,即第40名是萨特的情人:德。波伏娃。以后有时间陆续介绍几个。 根据600位投票者的投票结果统计得来,这就是历时一年的所谓莱特报告【Leiter Reports】):谁是过去200年间最重要的哲学家?结果很有趣,当然这只是一家之言,有些重要哲学家被漏掉了,而当选者之中也有些被夸大的,不管怎样,这些哲学家都曾深深地影响了我们的世界与思维。中国之所以还处在封建主义时代,与哲学等思想领域的极度落后有直接关系,这与多年来实行思想控制的社会治理手段有直接关系,这也是我们当下仍需要进行启蒙的深层原因,否则整个国家是断然没有前途和希望的。下面就是这次调查结果,看看你都认识哪位哲学家?读过他们的哪些著作?在此基础上,我们做一个中国版的二次调查,你认为最重要的10位都是谁? 1. Ludwig Wittgenstein (Condorcet winner: wins contests with all other choices) 2. Gottlob Frege loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 261–160 3. Bertrand Russell loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 280–137 , loses to Gottlob Frege by 218–156 4. John Stuart Mill loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 280–135 , loses to Bertrand Russell by 204–178 5. W.V.O. Quine loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 291–150 , loses to John Stuart Mill by 214–198 6. G.W.F. Hegel loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 290–130 , loses to W.V.O. Quine by 214–210 7. Saul Kripke loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 314–138 , loses to G.W.F. Hegel by 224–213 8. Friedrich Nietzsche loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 290–117 , loses to Saul Kripke by 209–207 9. Karl Marx loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 359–95 , loses to Friedrich Nietzsche by 254–138 10. Soren Kierkegaard loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 358–124 , loses to Karl Marx by 230–213 11. Rudolf Carnap loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 345–90 , loses to Soren Kierkegaard by 245–194 12. John Rawls loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 379–80 , loses to Rudolf Carnap by 212–175 13. David K. Lewis loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 352–92 , loses to John Rawls by 211–166 14. G.E. Moore loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 362–59 , loses to David K. Lewis by 188–152 15. Donald Davidson loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 342–50 , loses to G.E. Moore by 171–158 16. Martin Heidegger loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 351–63 , loses to Donald Davidson by 188–161 17. Edmund Husserl loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–51 , loses to Martin Heidegger by 169–140 18. Hilary Putnam loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 338–51 , loses to Edmund Husserl by 148–138 19. William James loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 347–42 , loses to Hilary Putnam by 151–146 20. Charles Sanders Peirce loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 333–40 , loses to William James by 145–109 21. Alfred Tarski loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 323–55 , loses to Charles Sanders Peirce by 132–109 22. J.L. Austin loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 346–29 , loses to Alfred Tarski by 131–126 23. P.F. Strawson loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 339–42 , loses to J.L. Austin by 137–127 24. Karl Popper loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 344–47 , loses to P.F. Strawson by 135–127 25. G.E.M. Anscombe loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 326–35 , loses to Karl Popper by 137–128 26. Jean-Paul Sartre loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 355–54 , loses to G.E.M. Anscombe by 145–139 27. John Dewey loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 344–28 , loses to Jean-Paul Sartre by 138–134 28. Wilfrid Sellars loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 348–29 , loses to John Dewey by 123–116 29. Arthur Schopenhauer loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 352–30 , loses to Wilfrid Sellars by 129–117 30. Henry Sidgwick loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 302–29 , loses to Arthur Schopenhauer by 108–105 31. Alfred North Whitehead loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 333–24 , loses to Henry Sidgwick by 108–86 32. Michel Foucault loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 357–31 , loses to Alfred North Whitehead by 123–121 33. Bernard Williams loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 337–29 , loses to Michel Foucault by 128–127 34. Gilbert Ryle loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 347–23 , loses to Bernard Williams by 113–110 35. Maurice Merleau-Ponty loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 329–32 , loses to Gilbert Ryle by 112–107 36. Franz Brentano loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 326–26 , loses to Maurice Merleau-Ponty by 111–100 37. Michael Dummett loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 343–26 , loses to Franz Brentano by 106–92 38. Jurgen Habermas loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 340–22 , loses to Michael Dummett by 115–97 39. Hannah Arendt loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–29 , loses to Jurgen Habermas by 107–98 40. Simone de Beauvoir loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–30 , loses to Hannah Arendt by 110–100