一、部分否定
常用词有代词或副词:all、both、every、everybody、every day、everyone、many、everything、entirely、altogether、absolutely、wholly、completely、weathered、always、often等和not搭配时,表示部分否定,意为“并非都是,不是每个都是”。
Both of them are not my brothers.
All is not gold that glitters=not all is gold that glitters.
Every man cannot do it=not every man can do it
I don't remember all these formulas.
This kind of tree is not found everywhere.
The rich are not always happy.
Every couple is not a pair.
二、转移否定
a.否定主语,但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语。
Everybody cannot enjoy pop music.(not everyone)
b.否定表语和宾语,但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语。
The cloth does not feel very soft.=The cloth feels not very soft.
I don't agree with all of you. (some of you)
I don't like both of the books. (I like not both of them.)
c.否定状语,但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语。
He has not come to the decision quickly. (not quickly)
I did not do it for myself. (I did it not for myself.)
The students did not sit there listening to the teacher.
d.在not…and 结构中,否定的往往是and 后的部分,但否定词not往往否定谓语。
The house is not big and comfortable.
The house is not big、but comfortable.
The house is not big or comfortable.
He doesn't speak Russian and French.
Don't drink and drive.
We can't put on airs and make people like us.
正确理解和区分部分否定和全部否定很重要,稍一疏忽,就会铸成译文上的大错。
a.I don't know anything about her.(一无所知)
I don't know everything about her.(并不全知道)
b.None of the answers are right.(都不正确)
All the answers are not right. (并非都正确)
c.I don't know any of them.(全不认识)
I don't know all of them.(并非都认识)