名词性从句中连词选择“三步法”在高考单项选择中,名词性从句中连词的选择往往是测试的热点。考 生若不认真分析,没有一定的方法,常常造成判断上的失误,最终错选了 连词。笔者认为,如果考生能采取“一分二划三看”三步法对试题加以分 析,则会收到良效。 一、“一分”即分清从句类型: 四种从句 主语从句(从句位于动词前作主语) 宾语从句(从句位于动词后作宾语) 表语从句(从句位于系动词之后作表语) 同位语从句(从句位于特殊的名词如idea,fact,news 补充说明前面的名词)二、“二划”即划分出从句(用括号表示从句) (2)Doyou know(where he lives)?(宾语从句) (3)Myopinion youshould goalone) .(表语从句) don’tlike 三、“三看”即看从句句意是否完整:1、句意不完整缺连接代词 who,whoever(主语)whom,whomever(宾语) what,whatever(主语、宾语)which,whichever(主语、宾语) 2、句意完整(1)缺连接副词 时间:when;地点:where,wherever;原因:why;方式:how。(2)缺不作成份的连词 有含义:if 、wherther(是否);无含义:that 一般不用来引导主语从句;that只有在宾语从句中才可以省略。 下面,我们以4 道高考试题为例加以解析 hesaid meetingastonished everybody present.(NMET 93,19) A、What matter析:(1)分清从句类型:因为主句动词 astonished 前有一个从句,则一定 是主语从句。 (2)划出主语从句:( he said meeting)astonishedeverybody present.(3)看主语从句句意是否完整:从句动词 said 后缺宾语,即句意不完 整,则一定缺连接代词。在四个选项中只有 What 可以做 said computercan only do you have instructed do.(NMET2001,31) A、how B、after C、what D、when 析:(1)分清从句类型:主句动词do 后有一个从句,所以是宾语从句。 (2)划分出宾语从句:„ do youhave instructed (3)看宾语从句句意是否完整:不定式todo 后缺宾语,句意不完整, 应缺少连接代词,所以只有答案(C)正确。 airshow last week. youhad fewdays off?(NMET 99) A、why B、when C、what D、where 析:(1)分清从句类型:从句“„ you had fewdays off”位于“is”之后, 所以应该是表语从句。 (2)划分出表语从句:Is youhad fewdays off)? (3)看表语从句句意是否完整:从译文“你请了几天假”可以判断句意完整,应该缺连接副词或不作成份的连词。根据上下文含义,应该选择 表示“原因”的“why”,所以最佳答案为(A)。 4、Information has been put forword more middle school graduates universities.(2001年上海试题) A、while (1)分清从句类型:根据句子结构分析“„moremiddle school graduates universities.”应该修饰名词“Information”,所以是同位语从句。 (2)划出同位语从句:Information has been put forword( more middleschool graduates universities).(3)看同位语从句句意是否完整:根据从句含义“更多的中学生将被 大学录取”可以判断,从句句意完整,所以可能缺连接副词或不 作成份的连词。(A)、(D)答案不是名词从句中的连词,根据句 子的含义,应选一个不作成份的连词,故最佳答案为(B)。 请同学们根据“三步法”,试作以下高考题: 1、(’96) we can’t get seems better than we have. A、What;whatB、What;that D、That;what2、(’96) we’ll go camping tomorrow depends D、Where3、(’97)It generallyconsidered unwise childhe shewants. A、however B、whatever C、whichever D、whenever 4、(’98)Why do you want newjob you’ve got goodone already? B、whereC、which D、when 5、(’98) caused completemystery. A、What C、HowD、Where 6、(’99) has helped drowninggirl worthpraising. A、Who oneC、Anyone D、Whoever 7、(’00) she couldn’t understand fewerstudents showed interest herlessons. A、What;why B、That;what C、What;because D、Why;that 8、(’01)What doctorsreally doubt mymother recoverfrom seriousdisease soon. A、when B、how C、whether D、why 9、(‘03)There newproblem involved privatecars road conditions need improvedB、which;to improvedC、where;improving D、when;improving 10、(’03) made schoolproud morethan 90% studentshad been admitted keyuniversities. A、What;because B、What;that C、That;what D、That;beccause Keys:1-5 ABBDA 6-10 DACAB