Thewayandcharacteristicsofdistancelearners'behaviorinasynchronousinteraction CaoLiangliangandChenLi Asynchronousinteractionisawidely-usedform torealizeteachinginteractionincurrentdistance learning.Owing separationbetween teachersand studentsin distance learning,and non-realtimecharacteristicsofasynchronousinteraction,suchthingsaswhetherthelearnerscanre-alizetheexpectedhighlevelofinteractiveeffectwhentheythiskindofinteractionindistancelearning andwhatisthewayandcharacteristicsoflearners'activitiesundersuchakindofinteractiveformat shouldarouseourattention. Thisarticleselectsthedistancelearnerswhoinvolved inasynchronousinteractionasitsre- searchingobjectandtakestheteachinginteractivemodelasitstheoreticalbasis.Itmakesaparticu- larstudyofthewayforprincipalactivitiesinasynchronousinteractionandthecharacteristicsofthe teachinginteraction. Throughthemethodofinterviewsandquestionnaires,thearticlefocusesonanalyzingthediffer- encesinthewaybetweenthelurkersandtheparticipantsinasynchronousinteractiveactivitiesinthe processofdistancelearningtorealizeteachinginteraction.Itpointsoutintheendthatinasyn- chronousinteraction,thewaytoparticipateandthedegreeforthelearnerstoparticipateindistance learningareimportantfactorstoaffectteachinginteraction.Theauthorshopethattheirresearchfind- ingsmayhelpreaderstobefurtherawareofthedifferencesandcharacteristicsofstudents'behavior intheprocessofteachinginteraction. Learningpsychologyanditsfeaturesforadultlearners JiHeandMaiXiuwen Researchandanalysisonlearningpsychologyandfeatureshaslongbeenanimportantconcern inthefieldofdistanceeducationresearch.Theprinciplesandmethodstoexplainthelearningphe- nomenonintraditionalpsychologicalsubjecthasofferedusatheoreticalframeworktoanalyzethe adultlearningmechanism. Onthebasisofstudyondomesticandforeignliterature,theauthordefinesthecategoryofadult learnersandpointsoutthatincomparisonwiththeyoungerlearninggroup,theadultlearnersare weakinsomepsychologicalfeatures.Inanalyzingtheoveralllearningpsychology,thereisnoevi- dencetodoubttheirlearningability.Actually,thefactorswhichconstitutelearningobstaclesforadults inmostcasesarerelatedtosomeobjectivefactorsofsocialenvironment.Theauthorfurthersumma- rizesthegeneralfeaturesforadultlearning,whichincludeutilitarianism,self-direction,emphasisof personalexperiencesandpragmatism,andattentiontoimproveconstantlytheircognitivestrategy. 英文摘要 78 2006年DISTANCEEDUCATIONINCHINA英文摘要 Owing toimpactofcognitiveand non-intelligentfactors,therearemanydifferencesbetween adultsandyoungstersinlearningmotivation,processandstrategicevaluation.Onlywhenwetakese- riouslyinanalyzingthosedifferencesandorganizingteachingandlearningaccordingly,canweim- provethequalityofdistanceeducationinteaching,facilitateempiricallearning,reflectivelearningand life-longlearningforadultlearners. Researchonweb-basedcontrolledandself-organizedlearningmode ZhaoJian Atpresent,withregardstoresearchone-learningmode,therearemainlytwocamps:onegroup advocatingthemodeofautonomousstudyandanotheradvocatingthemodeofcollaborativestudy. Thisarticleaimstoanalyze,from theangleofpracticality,thelearningmode,andtomakeresearch onsomeparadigm andmethodtobeadopted.Incombinationwithhisownteachingpractice,the authorproposesapracticalmodeofwe-basedcontrolledandself-organizedlearning. Theauthorreflectsonthecurrentresearchonthemodeofe-learningandconcludesthatthe prevailinge-learningformatsareonlypartiallyreasonable.Therefore,theycouldnotappearasthe generalmode ofe-learning.The authorhasfurtherdefined proposesafeasible mode e-learning:theweb-basedcontrolledandself-organizedlearningmode,themainfeaturesofwhichareinvisibleand macro-controlling withteachers'anonymousparticipation,teachers'multipleroles, democracyofself-organizedprocess,socialfunctionofknowledgebuilding.Therearetwostepsin designingthismode:useranalysisandfunctionanalysisofthecontrolledandself-organizedsystem. Theprincipleofstudent-centered,proactiveinterventionandinvisibledirection,arethemainprinciples ofimplementingthismode. Researchonsustainabledevelopmentofquality-basede-learning: practiceandreflectiononE-learninginShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity WangFushengetal. Asanew educationmode,e-learningcaneffectivelybringcurrenteducationresourcesintofull play.Toconducte-learningisastrategicmeasureinrunningbigeducationunderconditionofineffi- cienteducationresourceswithinthecountry.Since2000,whenShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitybegan tooffere-learning,theytookqualityassuranceandsustainabledevelopmentofe-learningasitsori- entation.ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityhasclarifiedthreetasksofitsobjectivesine-learningand establishedqualityconsciousness,societyconsciousnessandserviceconsciousness.Ithasalsode- fineditsscientificorientation:baseinShanghai,extendtoJiangsuandZhejiang,andsupportthe westernpart.Ithasconstructedablendingmodeofteachingandlearningbasedonqualityassur- 79