构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系 ——外交部长王毅在中国发展高层论坛午餐会上的演讲 各位嘉宾, 女士们, 先生们, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很高兴应邀出席中国发展高层论坛年会。 我今天演讲的题目是: 构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系。 今天在座的有一些研究国际关系的专家, 但更多是来自经济界的朋友,也许会对我演讲的这个题目感到有点陌生。 但我们现在所处的是一个全球化的时代, 政治、经济、 文化与外交相互交融, 相互影响, 日益密不可分。 我愿从政治外交的角度参加年会的讨论, 帮助大家更好地理解中国的外交政策和战略意图。 It is a pleasure to attend the annual conference of the China Development Forum and to talk about a new type of international relations oriented toward win-win cooperation. A topic as such surely attracts the attention of experts on international relations, yet it might sound a bit unfamiliar to those from the business community, who happen to make a larger part of the audience today. The truth is, we live in a globalized age when everything is connected and has a bearing on each other, be it political issues, economy, culture or diplomacy. So what I will do today is to talk about the political and diplomatic aspect of things, which I hope will help you better understand China's foreign policy and its strategic intention. 国际关系是一个常讲常新的话题。 回顾民族国家产生以来的历史进程, 人类始终在孜孜不倦地探索国家间的相处之道。 International relations is an old subject, yet it often makes a new topic for discussion. Since the birth of nation states, how to develop state-to-state relations has always remained high on the agenda of human exploration. 300 多年前, 随着民族国家的兴起, 威斯特伐利亚体系在欧洲诞生。 它确立了主权、 平等这些重要原则, 开创了近代国际关系的先河。但这一体系最终没能避免欧洲陷入群雄征战。 More than 300 years ago, with the rise of nation states, the Westphalian System was born in Europe. It established the key principles of sovereignty and equality, and marked the beginning of international relations of modem times. Yet this system had failed in the end to prevent major-power rivalry in Europe. 200 年前, 维也纳体系应运而生, 根据均势原则对拿破仑战争后的欧洲地缘政治版图重新做出安排, 维持了欧洲较长时间的和平。 但最终导致结盟对抗和军备竞赛, 直至第一次世界大战的爆发。 More than 200 years ago, the Vienna System came into being, under which the post-Napoleonic War geo-political landscape of Europe was re-aligned under the principle of equilibrium of power. The outcome was decades of peace in Europe. Yet as it evolved, alliances were formed and confrontation and arms race emerged before the eventual eruption of World War I. 数百年来的历史证明了这样一个道理: 每一段国际关系的形成, 每一个国际体系的建立,都带有鲜明的时代印记, 也必须随着时代发展不断创新完善, 否则就会跟不上时代脚步, 甚至会失去它的先进性和合理性。 What has happened over the centuries has proved one thing. The development of international relations, and the forming of the international system, at each period, bears a unique mark of the time. We all need to move on and keep abreast of the times to make the international relations and international system of our times effective and relevant to the world we live in. 70 年前, 在世界反法西斯战争胜利的硝烟中, 各国携手创建了以联合国为核心、 以《联合国宪章》的宗旨原则为基础的国际秩序和相应国际体系, 这是人类文明的又一次巨大进步,为国际关系和国际体系建设翻了新的历史篇章。 70 years ago, in the wake of victory of the world's anti-fascist war, nations on earth created an international order and a corresponding international system with the United Nations as the core underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. What it marked was a giant step forward in the history of human civilization, a proud new chapter in the evolution of international relations and the international system. 70 年来, 我们的世界总体保持了和平稳定, 人类的发展事业更是取得了前所未有的进步。 但与此同时, 随着全球化时代的来临, 随着国际力量对比的演变, 现有国际秩序和体系也日益面临新的挑战。 比如联合国宪章的宗旨和原则往往得不到真正遵守, 国际关系中各种不公正的现象依然时有发生。 特别是近年来, 经济低迷、 地缘动荡、 恐怖危机、 文明摩擦,各种乱象此起彼伏, 有西方学者甚至惊呼, 我们正在走进一个“失序的世界”。 The past seven decades has witnessed overall peace and stability of the world and unprecedented progress in mankind's development. At the same time, globalization and the shift of international forces have posed new challenges to the existing international order and system. We have seen, more often than not, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter not being observed to the letter, and equity and justice in international relations not honored as people would have hoped. In recent years, in particular, countries in the world have had to cope with a sluggish global economy, geopolitical turbulence, the threat of terrorism and friction among civilizations, to name just a few. No wonder some western scholars have cried out that we are about to enter a world of disorder. 各位来宾, 各位朋友, Distinguished Guests, Dear Friends, 70 年后的今天, 我们有必要思考, 在新的历史条件下, 一个什么样的国际关系, 才能更好地贯彻和落实联合国宪章的宗旨与原则, 更好地维护和发展以联合国为核心的国际体系。近年来, 有人提出“霸权稳定论”, 主张打造一个无所不能的超级大国来统领国际事务; 有人提出“全球治理论”, 主张各国弱化主权, 制定共同的规则来管理世界; 有人提出“普世价值论”, 主张推广某一种自认为“先进” 的价值观和社会制度来一统天下。 Now, 70 years after the founding of the United Nations, it is highly necessary that we think over the question of what kind of international relations to foster under new historical conditions so that we could continue to uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and better safeguard and bring forward the international system with the United Nations at its core. Some people have in recent years raised the argument of hegemonic stability, calling for the creation of an omnipotent superpower to command world affairs. Some have come up with the notion of global governance and argued that nations should dilute sovereignty and engage in the formulation of common rules for world governance. Still some have emphasized the idea of "universal values", indicating that a certain kind of values and social system, believed to be "superior" to others, be used to govern our world. 中国的方案是: 构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系。 这是习近平主席总揽世界大势提出的一个重要理念, 既是对联合国宪章宗旨原则的继承和弘扬, 也是对传统国际关系理论的超越和创新, 必将对未来国际关系的发展产生重要和深远的影响。 What China proposes as a solution is to build a new type of international relations of win-win cooperation. This major concept, proposed by President Xi Jinping on the basis of grasping the overall world trend, actually builds on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. At the same time, it goes beyond the traditional theory of international relations. Its impact on the future development of international relations will surely be profound and significant. 大家肯定要问, 新型国际关系到底新在哪里? 如果要用一句话来概括, 那就是: 以合作取代对抗, 以共赢取代独占, 不再搞零和博弈和赢者通吃那一套。 Well, people might ask, what makes this type of international relations new? To put it simply, such a new type of international relations is aimed at replacing confrontation with cooperation, and exclusiveness with win-win cooperation. What it rejects is the practice of zero-sum game and the winner-takes-all approach. 现在是全球化时代, 国与国之间的相互依存空前紧密, 利益共生不断深化, 各国都在全球供应链、 产业链、 价值链的相互联系当中, 任何一个环节出了问题, 各方都会受到影响。同时, 世界和平与发展面临的挑战越来越具有全局性、 综合性和长远性, 没有哪一国能够独善其身, 也没有哪一国可以包打天下。 需要各国同舟共济, 携手共进。 这是我们面对的国际关系的现实, 也是提出构建新型国际关系的时代背景。 Globalization has made countries increasingly interconnected and their interests more than ever intertwined. Even a minute mis-function in the global chain of supply, of industry, and of value, could affect all the countries that each make a single link of the chain. Meanwhile, the challenges facing world peace and development are increasingly becoming cross-cutting, overarching and long-term. No country is immune and all must stand together to cope with challenges head on. Such is the reality we find ourselves in, which puts into perspective the vision for this new type of international relations of win-win cooperation. 中国率先提出构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系, 不是偶然掉在我们头上的一个苹果。 而是中华民族传统文化和新中国外交实践的厚积薄发, 水到渠成。 The notion of this new type of international relations of win-win cooperation did not come to us in a strike of the magic apple. It actually originates from the rich cultural tradition of the Chinese nation and is the natural outcome of the diplomatic practice of the People's Republic of China over past decades. 中华文明蕴含着博大精深的立身处世之道, 至今仍在滋养着中国人的精神。 如“已欲立而立人, 已欲达而达人” 的思想境界, “丈夫贵兼济, 岂独善一身” 的道德情怀, 这些理念与基于人性本恶、 物竞天择的西方政治哲学有着明显不同。 The Chinese people, throughout the millennia, have been nurtured by the philosophical thinking of our forefathers, who taught us to help others if we wanted to be successful and to refrain from pursuing gains for ourselves only. These profound wisdoms guiding interpersonal relationship stand very much in contrast with the western political philosophy that is based on the belief of human nature being evil and the doctrine of the survival of the fittest. 新中国成立以来, 中国政府积极倡导和平共处五项原则, 致力于与各国开展友好合作,既为自身建设添砖加瓦, 也为别人发展雪中送炭。 Since the founding of the People's Republic, the Chinese government has championed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and has committed itself to growing friendship and cooperation with all other countries. While doing our best to achieve our own development, we also choose to help others in their development endeavor. 40 多年前, 5 万多名中华儿女来到茫茫非洲草原, 用汗水和生命筑成 1860 多公里长的坦赞铁路, 我们在自己最困难的时候, 勒紧裤带帮助了一大批亚非拉的发展中国家, 为他们的民族独立和解放事...