I 分类号 密 级 U D C 学校代码 专业 硕士研究生学位论文 我国小微企业信贷政策研究 学院(部、所): 金融学院 专 业: 金融硕士 姓 名: 于浩淼 导 师: 张建友 教授 王晶武 高级经济师 论文起止时间:2014 年 5 月~2015 年 5 月 万方数据 万方数据 摘要 I 摘要 根据国家工商总局分析报告显示,截至 2013 年底,小微企业在已注册的市场主体中所占比重达到 94.15%。小微企业在促进我国经济稳定、产业结构调整、技术创新、扩大就业等方面起着重要的作用。虽然小微企业对我国经济发展贡献良多,但对其融资支持却微乎其微,使其小微企业的发展一直受到融资难的困扰。当前我国信贷总量不小,但企业尤其是小微企业融资不易。在 “新常态”下,经济从总量宽松粗放刺激向总量稳定结构优化转型,信贷政策也应发挥其结构优化的作用,引导信贷资源重点向小微企业倾斜。通过完善小微企业的信贷政策,从根本上为解决小微企业融资难问题找到出路,消除制约小微企业发展的屏障,对促进我国经济稳健发展有着重要意义。 本文通过比较分析法、定性与定量结合、文献归纳法进行分析。首先,通过大量的文献、现行法规、政策意见等相关资料系统的梳理,全面地了解现行小微企业信贷政策情况从而展开系统分析。其次,通过与国外小微企业融资体系和信贷模式的横向比较,找到我国信贷体系存在的不足。最后,通过定性定量分析对我国信贷政策的实施和执行现状,分析存在的问题,结合经验借鉴,提出完善小微企业信贷政策的合理化建议。 本文从信贷投量、信贷投向、信贷模式、信贷方式等方面,对目前小微企业信贷政策情况进行了分析和研究,并通过借鉴国外小微企业信贷政策和运作模式,即设立专门的小微企业管理机构、加强法律体系建设、多元化融资体系、健全的贷款担保体系等成功经验,结合我国现有的信贷政策和小微企业的实际情况提出具体的操作性建议,包括设立专门管理机构、引导信贷重点向小微企业倾斜、发挥银行对小微企业的服务功能、加快建设微型金融机构、突出差异化监管、健全信贷担保体系等,就完善小微企业信贷政策进行研究和探索。 本文特点是从宏观信贷政策和微观信贷政策两个角度对小微企业信贷融资现状进行分析。通过介绍小微企业信贷政策的现状,分析微观信贷政策在执行中存在的问题,小微企业信贷融资提出的新要求,对现有宏观信贷政策作出反馈。总结美国和日本小微金融服务体系的成功经验,结合我国实际情况加以借万方数据 摘要 II 鉴。试图通过对宏观层面上我国制定的支持小微企业信贷政策作出调整,提出更适合小微企业发展、更具针对性和可操作性的信贷政策。 关键词:小微企业;信贷政策;银行; 万方数据 英文摘要 III Abstract According to a report of the state administration for industry and commerce analysis, by the end of 2013, small micro enterprise in the market main body of registered accounted for 94.15%.Small micro enterprise plays a main role in promoting economic stability in China, the industrial structure adjustment, and technological innovation, expanding employment, etc. Although small micro enterprises largely contributed to the economic development of our country, the financing difficult problem is always problem restricting the development of small enterprises in our country. China's current total credit isn’t poor, but especially small micro enterprise financing is not easy .Under the "new normal" ,economy transform from total easing extensive stimulation to total stable structure optimization transformation, the credit policy should also play its role in optimizing the structure ,and guide the key credit resources to small micro enterprise. Through perfecting small micro enterprise credit policy, to fundamentally solve small micro enterprise financing difficult , eliminate the barrier restricting the development of small micro enterprises, support small micro enterprise fast development. Support small micro enterprise fast development has the very vital significance, in promoting the sustainable development of economy in our country. On the basis of horizontal comparison between small micro enterprise financing system abroad and credit model and quantitative analysis of the current situation of the credit policy of our country , this article analysis of the existing problems , combine with the experience for reference and put forward reasonable suggestions to perfect the small micro enterprise credit policy by comparative analysis, qualitative and c quantitative analysis, literature induction. From the volume of credit, loan, credit, credit pattern, and so on, the current small business credit policy analyses and research. With reference to foreign small business credit policies and modes of operation, namely the establishment of specialized 万方数据 英文摘要 IV small micro-enterprise management mechanism, strengthen the legal system, the financing system, improve the loan guarantee system, successful experience, combinedwith our existing credit policy and real conditions of small and micro enterprises put forward specific operational proposals.Including the creation of specialized regulatory body, tilt key guide credit to small and micro-enterprises, bringing banking services to small and micro businesses, accelerating the construction of micro-finance institutions, highlighting differences in regulation, improve the credit guarantee system, and perfecting small and micro enterprise credit policies for research and exploration. Feature of this article is from the perspective of micro-credit and micro-credit policy analysis on credit financing situation of small and micro businesses, through small micro-enterprise credit status and problems in the analysis of micro-credit policy in the implementation of, request new credit financing for small and micro enterprises, and feedback to existing micro-credit policies.Summary of United States and Japan the successful experience of micro-financial service system, combined with the actual situation in China to learn from. Through macro-level our credit policy adjustments to support small enterprises, more suitable for small and micro enterprise development, more focused and applicable credit policies. Keywords: Small micro enterprises; Credit policy;Banks;万方数据 目录 V 目录 第一章 引言 ...................................................... 1 第一节 研究背景和意义 ...................................................................................1 一、研究背景 ...................................................................................................1 二、研究意义 ...................................................................................................2 第二节 国内外文献综述 ...................................................................................2 一、国外文献综述 ...........................................................................................2 二、国内文献综述 ...........................................................................................4 第三节 研究方法与文章结构 .............................................................................6 一、研究方法 ...................................................................................................6 二、文章结构 ...................................................................................................7 第二章 小微企业信贷政策概述 ...................................... 8 第一节 信贷政策的界定 .....................................................................................8 一、信贷政策的内涵 .......................................................................................8 二、信贷政策的主要内容和分类 ...................................................................8 第二节 小微企业信贷政策界定 .........................................................................9 第三章 我国小微企业信贷政策现状与存在问题分析 ................... 11 第一节 我国小微企业信贷政策实施现状 .......................................................11 一、宏观信贷政策 .........................................................................................11 二、 微观信贷政策 .......................................................................................15 第二节 银行业小微企业信贷政策执行现状 ...................................................16 一、信贷增量、增速实现连续上升 .............................................................16 二、短期信贷支持加强,发达地区融资环境明显改善 .............................17 三、信贷机构呈现多元化、差异化服务态势 .............................................18 四、信贷方式仍以担保抵押为主,创新产品为辅 .....................................18 五、银行信贷准入门槛高,风险防范意识显著增强 .................................19 第三节 信贷政策存在问题分析 .......................................................................20 一、缺少专门管理机构,配套法规不完善 .................................................20 二、信贷运行与小微企业融资需求之间不匹配 .........................................21 万方数据 目录 VI 三、缺乏考核评价体系,激励政策执行不到位 .........................................27 四、间接融资体系不健全,缺少专门服务机构 .........................................29 五、信用体系不健全 .....................................................................................31 第四章 小微企业信贷政策的国际借鉴 .............................. 33 第一节 日本小微企业信贷政策 .......................................................................33 一、专门的管理机构和法律支持体系 .........................................................33 二、建立政策性金融机构 .............................................................................34 三、多元化的金融服务体系 .........................................................................34 四、特色的信用保证体系 .............................................................................34 第二节 美国小微企业信贷政策 .......................................................................35 一、建立完备的法律体系 .............................................................................35 二、设立专门小微企业管理机构 .................................................................35 三、鼓励非银行金融机构提供多样化服务 .................................................36 四、富国银行创新小微业务新模式 .............................................................36 第三节 国际经验借鉴 .......................................................................................36 一、设立小微...