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珠芽魔芋叶面球茎的丰产栽培技术
张东华
云南民族大学化学与环境学院,云南 昆明650500
摘要珠芽魔芋植株适宜热区林下套种,但遮荫导致高大植株耗去过多养分使叶面球茎数量稀少,繁殖系数受限,制约了种芋的数量。采用多效唑、烯效唑及矮壮素3种矮化剂抑制地下球茎顶芽优势,促使魔芋植株的矮化粗壮,控制魔芋顶芽植株在遮荫环境条件下过度生长,有效矮化了植株并将营养物质充分用于叶面球茎中干物质的积累。对较大的球茎,可进行顶芽扳除与化学矮化剂相结合以促进侧芽生长,获得多植株矮化效果,从而达到丰产叶面球茎的结果。对不同重量的繁殖材料,植株矮化率在24%—48%之间,叶面球茎结果增加率达65%—160%。
关键词珠芽魔芋,矮化,叶面球茎,繁殖系数
High Yield Technique of Bulbils fromA. Bulbifer’sDwarfing in Tropical Regions
ZHANG Donghu
(School of Chemistry & Environment, the Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China)
Abstractthe plants ofA. bulbifer, suitable for shading environment under tall tree in tropical regions, growing quite tall mean expense of extra nutrienttranslocationto the stem and leaves, but little to bulbil and resulting in few mature bulbils harvested and propagation coefficient limited. By using chemical dwarfing agents, aspaclobutrazol, uniconazole, and chlormequat chloride to check the corm’s apical bud growing too high and too thick in diameter to avoid too vigorous growth . When exposure to 100ppm dwarfing agent, the nutrients within plant itself been migrated along to three main rachis of plant forming more bulbils because of theredistribution ofresources. If big corms as planting materials, multi- plants sprouting after apical bud removed and dwarfing agents used while lateral budding plants appear to spread wide. High yield of bulbil could be obtained and propagationcoefficientincreased in this growth mode. For different weight of corms, the dwarfing effect, from the stem length to the whole height varying from 24% to 48%, and the number of bulbils added varying from 65% to 160%, respectively, compared to un-dwarfing contrast sample plants in tropical regions under shielding environment.
Keywordsamorphophallus bulbifer, bulbils, bulbil, dwarfing, propagationcoefficient