There be 句型是英语中常用句型, 意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”,它通常用来在谈话中第一次谈论某事,其中的 there 没有什么意思。
一、肯定形式
1、一般情况下,there is 用于单数,there are 用于复数,例如:
There is one table in the classroom.
教室里有一张桌子。
There are three chairs in the classroom.
教室里有三把椅子。
There is a spider in the bath.
浴缸里有只蜘蛛。
There are many people at the bus stop.
公共汽车站有很多人。
There was a war on at the time.
当时正值战争。
There were more than 50 people on stage in one scene.
有一场戏中舞台上的人有50多个。
2、there is 还用于不可数名词,例如:
There is milk in the fridge.
冰箱里有牛奶。
There is some sugar on the table.
桌子上有一些糖。
There is ice cream on your shirt.
你衬衫上有冰淇淋。
3、在口语或一些非正式的写作中,there is 也可以用于复数,不过这种用法在正式写作或是考试中被认为是错误的,例如:
There’s three other people who are still to come.
还有三个人要来。
There’s lots of cars in the car park.
停车场里有很多车。
二、缩写形式
1、there is 的缩写形式是 there's,例如:
There's a good song on the radio.
收音机里有一首好歌。
There's only one chocolate left in the box
.盒子里只剩下一块巧克力了。
2、通常查阅很多在线字典包括剑桥、牛津和柯林,你会发现找不到 there are 的缩写形式,所以 there are 通常不缩写,例如:
There are nine cats on the roof.
屋顶上有九只猫。
There are only five weeks until my birthday.
离我生日只有五个星期了。
三、否定形式
there be 句型的否定形式是在 be 动词后面加 not,例如:
There is not a horse in the field.
田野里没有一匹马。
There is not a tree in the garden.
花园里没有一棵树。
There are not eight children in the school.
学校里没有八个孩子。
There are not two elephants in the zoo.
动物园里没有两只大象。
注意:在口语中经常用缩略形式,例如:
there is not = there isn't
there are not = there aren't
四、there be 与any
1、当想指出某事物(可数名词)存在的数量为零,用there aren't any,例如:
There aren't any people at the party.
聚会上没有人。
There aren't any trees in my street.
我的街道上没有树。
2、当用于不可数名词时,通常用 there isn't any,例如:
There isn't any water in the swimming pool.
游泳池里没有水。
There isn't any sugar in my coffee.
我的咖啡里没有糖。
五、一般疑问句及回答
把be 动词提到 there 之前就形成一般疑问句,回答时用简单答语,其中涉及到对复数名词或是不可数名词的一般疑问句用 any,例如:
Is there a dog in the supermarket?
超市里有只狗吗?
No, there isn't.
不,没有。
Are there any dogs in the park?
公园里有狗吗?
Yes, there are.
是的,有。
Is there a security guard in the shop?
商店里有保安吗?
Yes, there is.
是的,有。
Are there any polar bears in Antarctica?
南极洲有北极熊吗?
No, there aren't.
不,没有。
Is there any ice-cream in the freezer?
冰箱里有冰淇淋吗?
Yes, there is.
是的,有。
六、特殊疑问句
1、对可数名词提问的格式:How many + 名词的复数形式 + are there + (补语),例如:
There are twelve months in a year.
一年有十二个月。
提问:How many months are there in a year?
一年有几个月?
There is only one book in my bag.
我书包里只有一本书。
提问:How many books are there in your bag?
你的书包里有多少本书?
2、对不可数名词提问的格式:How much + 不可数名词 + are there + (补语),例如:
There is some money in my purse.
我的钱包里有一些钱。
提问:How much money is there in your purse?
你钱包里有多少钱?
七、there be 主谓一致原则
1、当there 作主语且 be 动词后面只有一个名词时,be 动词必须与其后面的名词保持主谓一致,例如:
There is a book on the table.
桌子上有一本书。
There are five books on the table.
桌子上有五本书。
2、当be 动词后面的名词不止一个时,be 动词与最近的名词保持主谓一致
a. 第一个名词是单数可数或是不可数名词,谓语用单数,例如:
There is a cat and a dog on my bed.
我的床上有一只猫和一只狗。
There is a fork, a knife, and a spoon in front of me.
我面前有一把叉子、一把刀和一把勺子。
There is a pillow, sheets, and two blankets on my bed.
我的床上有一个枕头、床单和两条毯子。
There is cream and sugar on the table.
桌子上有奶油和糖。
There is juice, milk, and soft drinks in the fridge.
冰箱里有果汁、牛奶和软饮料。
There is a lot of dirt and pebbles on my son’s clothes.
我儿子的衣服上有很多泥土和鹅卵石。
解析:在表示数量时,a lot of 既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;dirt 是不可数名词,所以谓语用单数。
b、第一个名词是复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
There are flowers and herbs in my mom’s garden.
我妈妈的花园里有花草。
There are cookies and a sandwich in my lunch bag.
我的午餐袋里有饼干和三明治。
There are three pens, a pencil, and two erasers in that desk drawer.
书桌抽屉里有三支钢笔、一支铅笔和两块橡皮。
There are chips and popcorn at the party.
聚会上有薯条和爆米花。
There are many types of music and food at this event.
这次活动有很多种音乐和食物。
There are a lot of pebbles and dirt on my son’s clothes.
我儿子的衣服上有很多鹅卵石和泥土。
c、如果名词是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数 be 形式,如:
There is five hundred dollars to pay.
有五百美元要付。
There is still another 20 miles to drive.
还要开20英里。
There is duck and green vegetables for supper.
晚饭有鸭子和青菜。
八、冠词的使用
在指示单数可数名词的时候,经常在名词之前加不定冠词 a/an,而不用定冠词 the,却通常在补语(通常是介词短语)中用定冠词 the,例如:
There is a bird and a squirrel inthetree.
树上有一只鸟和一只松鼠。
There is a piano and two guitars onthestage.
舞台上有一架钢琴和两把吉他。
其实 there be 本来指出的就是某处有某物或某人,所以通常在介词短语中用定冠词 the.
九、there be 句型中的两个 there
there be 句型可能存在两个 there,第一个 there 作主语,没有任何意思,而第二个 there 指的的位置,相比于 here,通常是比较远的,例如:
There is a gas station and a grocery store over there.
那边有一个加油站和一个杂货店。
You mean the parking lot behind the school? There is a car and three trucks there.
你是说学校后面的停车场?那里有一辆小汽车和三辆卡车。
十、there be 可以用于任何时态,例如:
There must be a pen in the box.
盒子里一定有支笔。
There was a business conference and a wedding going on at our hotel last night.
昨晚我们酒店举行了商务会议和婚礼。
There were two canoes and a kayak out on the lake last weekend.
上周末湖上有两艘独木舟和一艘皮划艇。
There will be a luncheon and an awards ceremony next Friday.
下周五有一个午餐会和颁奖典礼。
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
山顶上有一棵大树。
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