? ( ? ) 复 杂 断 面 钢 管 不 等 边 六 角 形 钢 管 、 五 瓣 梅 花 形 钢 管 、 双 凸 形 钢 管 、 height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ploy ment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology: clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by party of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong politica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the min d, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped o ut some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 4 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , on I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ec ologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All party members in t he "Constituti on Party r ules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promote the inner -party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party Secretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cific arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducation, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall 双凹形钢管、瓜子形钢管、圆锥形钢管、波纹形钢管、表壳钢管、其他? ? 、 按 壁 厚 分 类 薄 壁 钢 管 、 厚 壁 钢 管 ? ? 、按 用 途 分 类 管 道 用 钢 管 、热 工 设 备 用 钢 管 、机 械 工 业 用 钢 管 、石 油 、地 质钻探用钢管、容器钢管、化学工业用钢管、特殊用途钢管、其他? ? 安全阀的安装及管道布置的要点? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ? ???? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? 减压阀的基本知识介绍? 减 压 阀 ( ???????? ) 是 采 用 控 制 阀 体 内 的 启 闭 件 的 开 度 来 调 节 介 质 的 流量,将介质的压力降低,同时借助阀后压力的作用调节启闭件的开度,使阀后 压力保持在一定范围内,在进口压力不断变化的情况下,保持出口压力在设定的 范围内,保护其后的生活生产器具。? 气体减压阀是气动调节阀的一个必备配件,主要作用是将气源的压力减压并 稳定到一个定值,以便于调节阀能够获得稳定的气源动力用于调节控制。 ? 按结构形式可分为膜片式、弹簧薄膜式、活塞式、杠杆式和波纹管式;按阀 座数目可人为单座式和双座式;按阀瓣的位置不同可分为正作用式和反作用式。 ? 减 压 阀 的 基 本 性 能 ?? ????? 调 压 范 围 :它 是 指 减 压 阀 输 出 压 力 ? 的 可 调 范 围 ,在 此 范 围 内 要 求 达 到 规 定 的 精 度 。 调 压 范 围 主 要 与 调 压 弹 簧 的 刚 度 有 关 。 ?? ????? 压 力 特 性 : 它 是 指 流 量 为 定 值 时 , 因 输 入 压 力 波 动 而 引 起 输 出 压 力 波 动 的 特 性 。 输 出 压 力 波 动 越 小 , 减 压 阀 的 特 性 越 好 。 输 出 压 力 必 须 低 于 输 入 压 力 定 值 才 基 本 上 不 随 输 入 压 力 变 化 而 变 化 。 ?? ????? 流 量 特 性 : 它 是 指 输 入 压 力 定 时 , 输 出 压 力 随 输 出 流 量 的 变 化 而 变 化 的 height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ployment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology : clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by pa rty of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong p olitica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the mind, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped ou t some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 5 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , o n I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ecologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All par ty members in t he "Constituti on Party rules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committ ee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promot e the inner-party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party S ecretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cif ic arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducat ion, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall 持 性 。 当 流 量 发 生 变 化 时 , 输 出 压 力 的 变 化 越 小 越 好 。 一 般 输 出 压 力 越 低 , 它 随 输 出 流 量 的 变 化 波 动 就 越 小 。 ?? 减 压 阀 的 选 用 ?? ? 根 据 使 用 要 求 选 定 减 压 阀 的 类 型 和 调 压 精 度 , 再 根 据 所 需 最 大 输 出 流 量 选 择 其 通 径 。 决 定 阀 的 气 源 压 力 时 , 应 使 其 大 于 最 高 输 出 压 力 . ??? 。 减 压 阀 一 般 安 装在分水滤气器之后,油雾器或定值器之前,并注意不要将其进、出口接反;阀 不用时应把旋钮放松,以免膜片经常受压变形而影响其性能。? ? ? 调节阀和控制阀的区别? 调 节 阀( 英 文 : ??????????? )国 外 称 为 :控 制 阀 ,国 内 习 惯 称 为 :调 节 阀 。 用于调节工业自动化过程控制领域中的介质流量、压力、温度、液位等工艺参数。 根据自动化系统中的控制信号,自动调节阀门的开度,从而实现介质流量、压力、 温度和液位的调节。? ? 调 节 阀 通 常 由 电 动 执 行 机 构 或 气 动 执 行 机 构 与 阀 体 两 部 分 共 同 组 成 。 直行程主 要有直通单座式和直通双座式两种,后者具有流通能力大、不平衡办小和 操作稳 定的 特 点 ,所 以 通 常特 别 适用 于 大流 量 、高 压 降和 泄 漏 少的 场 合 。角 行 程 主要 有: 型 电 动 调 节 球 阀 、 电 动 蝶 阀 、 通 风 调 节 阀 、 偏 心 蝶 阀 等 。 ? 控制阀又称调节阀,是工业过程控制中的主要执行单元仪表控制阀,通过接 受调节控制单元输出的控制信号,借助动力操作去改变流体流量。控制阀一般由 执行 机 构和 阀 门组 成。如 果按 其 所配 执行 机 构使 用 的动 力,控 制阀 可 以分 为气 动 、 电动、液动三种,即以压缩空气为动力源的气动调节阀,以电为动力源的电动控 制 阀 ,以 液 体 介 质 ? 如 油 等 ? 压 力 为 动 力 的 电 液 动 控 制 阀 ,另 外 ,按 其 功 能 和 特 性 分 , 还有电磁阀、电子式、智能式、现场总线型控制阀等。? 现在国内对控制阀与调节阀基本没有什么明确的区分,往往将控制阀和调节 阀笼统地一起称呼,更多地是将带有执行机构的阀门都称为调节阀,而控制阀的 概念还没有深入人心,看看网络上那些做控制阀的网站,都是将控制阀称作调节 阀。我觉得这里有些概念有必要澄清一下,浅陋之见,唯期抛砖引玉。? ? 控 制 阀 的 定 义 应 该 是 : 过 程 控 制 工 业 里 最 常 用 的 终 端 控 制 元 件 就 是 控 制 阀 。 控制阀调节流动的流体,如气体、蒸汽、水或化学混合物,以补偿负载扰动并使 被控制的过程变量尽可能地靠近需要的设定点。传感器将压力、温度、流量等信 号反馈给调节器,调节器将测量信号与设定值进行比较,然后根据运算的结果输 出控制信号给控制阀,由控制阀来调整阀门开度,进而实现对温度、压力、流量 height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ploy ment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology: clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by party of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong politica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the min d, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped o ut some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 6 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , on I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ec ologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All party members in t he "Constituti on Party r ules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promote the inner -party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party Secretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cific arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducation, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall 等 参 数 的 自 动 调 节 。 按 照 这 个 定 义 , 阀 门 必 须 要 和 传 感 器 、 控 制 器 ( ?? 、 ?? 或单纯的调节器)组成控制回路(不管是单回路还是多回路)实现对过程变量的 控制,才能称之为控制阀。所以,所有配有执行机构的气动、电动、液动的阀门, 都应该叫做控制阀,包括电磁阀,因为它们都可以和控制系统组成控制回路,实 现自动控制。不管它们接收的是开关量信号还是比例信号,控制原理都是一样。 而所有的手动阀门都不是控制阀。有些阀门厂家还有自控阀的叫法,其定义应该 同于控制阀。? ? 而 调 节 阀 , 其 实 就 是 节 流 阀 , 对 于 节 流 阀 , 它 的 意 图 是 产 生 压 力 降 和 降 低 流 量,因此它可以有一个直径明显小于阀门通径的阀座。节流阀的设计是产生压力 降以降低直线压力、流量、温度,而开关阀的结构上允许直线通过流体而不明显 地 产 生 压 力 降 。如 ? 型 球 阀 、蝶 阀 、管 夹 阀 等 ,它 们 的 流 阻 都 很 小 ,介 质 通 过 时 产 生的压降都很小,所以适合开关控制,不适合节流控制。节流阀需要根据过程工 艺的要求设计出合适的流量特性和阀芯、阀座直径,开关阀则不需要。节流阀配 以执行器,就是电、气或液动调节阀了。所以狭义地将,调节阀只限于节流阀如 单 座 阀 、 双 座 阀 、 套 筒 阀 、 角 形 阀 、 三 通 阀 、 型 球 阀 等 有 限 的 几 种 ( 所 以 在 业 界 还有手动调节阀一说)。? ? 可 以 说 , 所 有 的 调 节 阀 都 是 控 制 阀 , 但 控 制 阀 未 必 就 是 调 节 阀 。 至 于 自 力 式 调节阀,它不应该归入控制阀一类,因为不管是自力式压力调节阀,还是温度、 流量调节阀,都是靠介质自身的动力来驱动阀门,控制变量还得靠手动来设定, 它们不能和控制系统组成控制回路。它们应该和安全阀、疏水阀、减压阀、水力 控制阀等归入自动阀一类。? ? ? 截止阀的定义、种类及优缺点? 截 止 阀 ( ???????????????? ) 的 启 闭 件 是 塞 形 的 阀 瓣 , 密 封 面 呈 平 面 或锥面,阀瓣沿流体的中心线作直线运动。阀杆的运动形式,有升降杆式(阀杆 升降,手轮不升降),也有升降旋转杆式(手轮与阀杆一起旋转升降,螺母设在 阀体上)。截止阀只适用于全开和全关,不允许作调节和节流。? 截止阀属于强制密封式阀门,所以在阀门关闭时,必须向阀瓣施加压力,以 强制密封面不泄漏。当介质由阀瓣下方进入阀六时,操作力所需要克服的阻力, 是阀杆和填料的磨擦力与由介质的压力所产生的推力,关阀门的力比开阀门的力 大,所以阀杆的直径要大,否则会发生阀杆顶弯的故障。近年来,从自密封的阀 门 出 现 后 ,截 止 阀 的 介 质 流 向 就 改 由 阀 瓣 上 方 进 入 阀 腔 ,这 时 在 介 质 压 力 作 用 下 , 关阀门的力小,而开阀门的力大,阀杆的直径可以相应地减少。同时,在介质作 用 下 , 这 种 形 式 的 阀 门 也 较 严 密 。 我 国 阀 门 三 化 给 曾 规 定 , 截 止 阀 的 流 向 , 一 律采用自上而下。? height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ployment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology : clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by pa rty of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong p olitica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the mind, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped ou t some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 7 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , o n I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ecologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All par ty members in t he "Constituti on Party rules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committ ee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promot e the inner-party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party S ecretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cif ic arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducat ion, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall 截 止 阀 开 启 时 ,阀 瓣 的 开 启 高 度 ,为 公 称 直 径 的 ?? ~ ?? 时 , 流 量 已 达 到 最 大,表示阀门已达全开位置。所以截止阀的全开位置,应由阀瓣的行程来决定。 ? 常 用 的 截 止 阀 有 以 下 几 种 : ?? ?? ) 直 通 式 截 止 阀 ?? ?? )直 流 式 截 止 阀 :在 直 流 式 或 形 截 止 阀 中 ,阀 体 的 流 道 与 主 流 道 成 一 斜 线 , 这样流动状态的破坏程度比常规截止阀要小,因而通过阀门的压力损失也相应的 小 了 。 ?? ?? )角 式 截 止 阀 :在 角 式 截 止 阀 中 ,流 体 只 需 改 变 一 次 方 向 ,以 致 于 通 过 此 阀 门 的 压 力 降 比 常 规 结 构 的 截 止 阀 小 。 ?? ?? )柱 塞 式 截 止 阀 :这 种 形 式 的 截 止 阀 是 常 规 截 止 阀 的 变 型 。在 该 阀 门 中 ,阀 瓣和阀座通常是基于柱塞原理设计的。阀瓣磨光成柱塞与阀杆相连接,密封是由 套在柱塞上的两个弹性密封圈实现的。两个弹性密封圈用一个套环隔开,并通过 由 阀 盖 螺 母 施 加 在 阀 盖 上 的 载 荷 把 柱 塞 周 围 的 密 封 圈 压 牢 。弹 性 密 封 圈 能 够 更 换 , 可 以 采 用 各 种 各 样 的 材 料 制 成 , 该 阀 门 主 要 用 于 开 或 者 关 , 但 是 备 有 特 制 形 式的柱塞或特殊的套环,也可以用于调节流量。? 截止阀具有以下优点:? ? 、 结 构 简 单 , 制 造 和 维 修 比 较 方 便 。 ?? ? 、 工 作 行 程 小 , 启 闭 时 间 短 。 ?? ? 、 密 封 性 好 , 密 封 面 间 磨 擦 力 小 , 寿 命 较 长 。 ?? 截止阀的缺点如下:? ? 、 流 体 阻 力 大 , 开 启 和 关 闭 时 所 需 力 较 大 。 ?? ? 、 不 适 用 于 带 颗 粒 、 粘 度 较 大 、 易 结 焦 的 介 质 。 ?? ? 、 调 节 性 能 较 差 。 ?? 截 止 阀 的 种 类 按 阀 杆 螺 纹 的 位 置 分 有 外 螺 纹 式 、内 螺 纹 式 。按 介 质 的 流 向 分 , 有直通式、直流式和角式。截止阀按密封形式分,有填料密封截止阀和波纹管密 封截止阀。? ? 分析球阀的优点和分类? 电动阀的种类、工作原理及应用领域? height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ploy ment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology: clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by party of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong politica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the min d, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped o ut some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 8 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , on I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ec ologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All party members in t he "Constituti on Party r ules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promote the inner -party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party Secretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cific arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducation, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall 定 义 : 电 动 阀 简 单 地 说 就 是 用 电 动 执 行 器 控 制 阀 门 从 而 实 现 阀 门 的 开 和 关 。 其可分为上下两部分,上半部分为电动执行器,下半部分为阀门。? 分类:电动阀分两种,一种为角行程电动阀:由角行程的电动执行器配合角 行 程 的 阀 使 用 , 实 现 阀 门 度 以 内 旋 控 制 管 道 流 体 通 断 ; 另 一 种 为 直 行 程 电 动 阀 : 由直行程的电动执行器配合直行程的阀使用,实现阀板上下动作控制管道流体通 断。通常在自动化程度较高的设备上配套使用。? 工 作 原 理 : 电 动 阀 通 常 由 电 动 执 行 机 构 和 阀 门 连 接 起 来 , 经 过 安 装 调 试 后 成 为电动阀。电动阀使用电能作为动力来接通电动执行机构驱动阀门,实现阀门的 开关、调节动作。从而达到对管道介质的开关或是调节目的。? 电磁阀是电动阀的一个种类;是利用电磁线圈产生的磁场来拉动阀芯,从而 改变阀体的通断,线圈断电,阀芯就依靠弹簧的压力退回。? ? 电 动 阀 的 用 途 ? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ? ??????? ?? ? ? ?? ???? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ???? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? 锅炉串级式减温水调节阀的优点? 锅炉减温水调节阀可用于大、中型发电机组,控制锅炉主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温 度 所 需 减 温 水 的 流 量 ,它 是 发 电 厂 关 键 调 节 阀 之 一 。? 减 温 水 调 节 阀 是 一 种 防 空 化 的 多 级 节 流 调 节 阀 , 也 叫 高 压 差 调 节 阀 , 这 是 一 种 结 构 新 颖 的 调 节 阀 。 ?? ? 串 级 式 减 温 水 调 节 阀 具 有 下 列 优 点 : ?? ?? 流 体 逐 级 降 压 , 流 体 方 向 不 断 改 变 , ? 减 温 水 调 节 阀 采 用 串 级 式 结 构 , 流体通过弯弯曲曲的通道,目的是消耗能量降低流速,防止液体空化。增加流阻, 控 制 流 速 , 防 止 空 化 破 坏 。 允 许 压 差 ??? 。 ?? ?? 多 级 节 流 :大 流 量 时 ? 级 节 流 ,小 流 量 时 级 节 流 ,以 减 少 流 体 对 阀 芯 表 面 冲 刷 磨 蚀 。 ?? height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ployment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology : clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by pa rty of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong p olitica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the mind, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped ou t some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 9 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , o n I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ecologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All par ty members in t he "Constituti on Party rules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committ ee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promot e the inner-party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party S ecretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cif ic arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducat ion, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall ?? 节 流 面 与 密 封 面 分 开 ,阀 芯 和 阀 芯 套 表 面 硬 化 处 理 ,硬 度 达 到 ?? 左 右 , 关 闭 严 密 , 寿 命 长 。 ?? ?? 阀 芯 表 面 开 有 大 缺 口 , 流 体 含 有 ???? 焊 渣 等 固 体 颗 粒 , 阀芯也不会卡死, 动 作 灵 活 。 ?? ? 流 量 调 节 特 性 好 , 调 整 范 围 大 ( 约 ??? ) 。该调节阀是专利产品,我国 专 利 登 记 号 是 ????? , 许 多 电 厂 已 成 功 使 用 这 种 多 级 节 流 调 节 阀 。 ? ? 液压控制阀的常用分类方法? 压力控制阀是制压力的阀的总称。按用途分为溢流阀﹑减压阀和顺序阀。 ? ???? 溢 流 阀 : 能 控 制 液 压 系 统 在 达 到 调 定 压 力 时 保 持 恒 定 状 态 。 用 於 过 载 保 护的 溢 流阀 称 为安 全阀 。当系 统 发生 故障 ,压力 昇 高到 可能 造 成破 坏 的限 定值 时 , 阀口会打开而溢流,以保证系统的安全。? ???? 减 压 阀 : 能 控 制 分 支 回 路 得 到 比 主 回 路 油 压 低 的 稳 定 压 力 。 减 压 阀 按 它 所 控 制 的 压 力 功 能 不 同 , 又 可 分 为 定 值 减 压 阀 ?输 出 压 力 为 恒 定 值 ?﹑ 定 差 减 压 阀 ? 输 入 与 输 出 压 力 差 为 定 值 ?和 定 比 减 压 阀 ?输 入 与 输 出 压 力 间 保 持 一 定 的 比 例 ?。 ? ???? 顺 序 阀 : 能 使 一 个 执 行 元 件 ? 如 液 压 缸 ﹑ 液 压 马 达 等 ? 动 作 以 后 , 再 按 顺 序 使 其 他 执 行 元 件 动 作 。油 泵 产 生 的 压 力 先 推 动 液 压 缸 ? 运 动 ,同 时 通 过 顺 序 阀 的 进 油 口 作 用 在 面 积 ? 上 ,当 液 压 缸 ? 运 动 完 全 成 后 ,压 力 昇 高 ,作 用 在 面 积 ? 的 向 上 推 力 大 於 弹 簧 的 调 定 值 后 , 阀 芯 上 昇 使 进 油 口 与 出 油 口 相 通 , 使 液 压 缸 ?运 动 。 ? ? 分析球阀的优点和分类? 球 阀 和 旋 塞 阀 是 同 属 一 个 类 型 的 阀 门 ,只 有 它 的 关 闭 件 是 个 球 体 ,球 体 绕 阀 体 中心线作旋转来达到开启、关闭的一种阀门。? ? 球 阀 在 管 路 中 主 要 用 来 做 切 断 、分 配 和 改 变 介 质 的 流 动 方 向 。球 阀 是 近 年 来 被 广泛采用的一种新型阀门,它具有以下优点:? ??? 球 阀 流 体 阻 力 小 , 其 阻 力 系 数 与 同 长 度 的 管 段 相 等 。 ? ??? 球 阀 结 构 简 单 、 体 积 小 、 重 量 轻 。 ? height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ploy ment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology: clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by party of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong politica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the min d, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped o ut some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 10 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , on I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ec ologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All party members in t he "Constituti on Party r ules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promote the inner -party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party Secretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cific arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducation, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall ??? 紧 密 可 靠 ,目 前 球 阀 的 密 封 面 材 料 广 泛 使 用 塑 料 、密 封 性 好 ,在 真 空 系 统 中也已广泛使用。? ??? 球 阀 操 作 方 便 , 开 闭 迅 速 , 从 全 开 到 全 关 只 要 旋 转 , 便 于 远 距 离 的 控 制。? ?? 球 阀 维 修 方 便 , 球 阀 结 构 简 单 , 密 封 圈 一 般 都 是 活 动 的 , 拆 卸 更 换 都 比 较 方便。? ??? 在 全 开 或 全 闭 时 ,球 体 和 阀 座 的 密 封 面 与 介 质 隔 离 ,介 质 通 过 时 ,不 会 引 起阀门密封面的侵蚀。? ??? 适 用 范 围 广 ,通 径 从 小 到 几 毫 米 ,大 到 几 米 ,从 高 真 空 至 高 压 力 都 可 应 用 。 ? ? 球 阀 已 广 泛 应 用 于 石 油 、 化 工 、 发 电 、 造 纸 、 原 子 能 、 航 空 、 火 箭 等 各 部 门 , 以及人们日常生活中。? ? 一 、 浮 动 球 球 阀 ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????????? ??? ? ? 二 、 固 定 球 球 阀 ? ? 球 阀 的 球 体 是 固 定 的 ,受 压 后 不 产 生 移 动 。固 定 球 球 阀 都 带 有 浮 动 阀 座 ,受 介 质压力后,阀座产生移动,使密封圈紧压在球体上,以保证密封。通常在与球体 的上、下轴上装有轴承,操作扭距小,适用于高压和大口径的阀门。? ? 为 了 减 少 球 阀 的 操 作 扭 矩 和 增 加 密 封 的 可 靠 程 度 , 近 年 来 又 出 现 了 油 封 球 阀 , 既在密封面间压注特制的润滑油,以形成一层油膜,即增强了密封性,又减少了 操作扭矩,更适用高压大口径的球阀。? ? 三 、 弹 性 球 球 阀 ? ? 球 阀 的 球 体 是 弹 性 的 。 球体和阀座密封圈都采用金属材料制造, 密封比压很大, 依靠介质本身的压力已达不到密封的要求,必须施加外力。这种阀门适用于高温 高压介质。? ? 弹 性 球 体 是 在 球 体 内 壁 的 下 端 开 一 条 弹 性 槽 ,而 获 得 弹 性 。当 关 闭 通 道 时 ,用 阀杆的楔形头使球体涨开与阀座压紧达到密封。在转动球体之前先松开楔形头, 球体随之恢复原原形,使球体与阀座之间出现很小的间隙,可以减少密封面的摩 擦和操作扭矩。? ? height, deep understanding of "two" study and educati on on strengt heni ng educati on of party member s and cadre s and buildi ng a continge nt of cadre s with high quality, maintaini ng and devel opi ng the party' s advanced nature a nd purity of the sig nifica nce of practica l thought and acti on i nto Ce ntral and provi nci al requirements. Fir st, the "two" study and education, is conti nuously strengtheni ng the party's i de ological and pol itical constructi on of major de ployment. Attach importa nce to party ide ol ogy, is t he specialty of our part y, since the party's 18 distinct characteristi c of strictly a dmini stering the part y. XI Ge neral Secretary pointe d out that our party must improve its elf, the first task is to strengthen ideol ogical a nd political construction, the key is t he educati onal ma nagement of party member s and cadre s. At prese nt, the i deas a nd value s have become increasingly a ctive, s ocial t rends are largely stirri ng ble nd, cult ural excha nges a nd the com plexity of the situati on, drove, some party member s ' ide ologi cal and political pr obl ems, there i s an urge nt nee d to strengt hen party ide ology : clearing t he fog, was centeri ng. Like, some belief confus ed, "three a confidence" ins ufficient, praised 行 定 规 照 按 会 大 表 代 使 。 制 任 责 长 善 完 全 健 利 权 的 督 监 和 理 管 与 参 工 职 教 障 保 , 设 建 主 民 园 儿 幼 进 推 了 为 Western value conce pt; s ome s pirit empty, not letter Marty letter ghosts; s ome political disci pline relaxation, i n party not statements party, a nd not love part y, and not nur sing part y, and not for party, eve n de nied party of some most basi c of principles and position; s ome orga nization dis cipline lax , not by pr ovide s partici pate in party of organise d, not completed party distri buti on of task, not by pa rty of organizati on pri nci ples do; some eg oism seri ous , and pe ople ra ce Le e, and self -dealing ; some depre sse d, and esca pe res ponsi bility, Omissi on, not a s good as s ome moral de cline, violati ng public moralit y, profes sional ethi cs and family virtues, not per sonal morality; s ome honesty a nd self-dis cipli ne aware nes s is not strong, with no fear, lawle ssne ss, a buse, and corrupti on am ong p olitica l, and so on. T hese problems, after all, and ignore the Constitution Party rule s, ignore adva nce d the ory, and lack of se nse of consci ousne ss, consci ousnes s, pi one er of the party has a lot to do wit h it. Thoug ht, belief and faith, stick t o the s piritual purs uit of Communists , has al ways bee n the Communists to s ettle down at all. "Two" study and educati on, is t o ena ble ea ch party to party rules et che d in the heart of the party Constituti on, a nd spe ech into a s eries of powerful wea pon, cl earing the barriers a nd gai n the fetters of the mind, improve t he ide ologi cal and political qualit y, wort hy of the glori ous title of the party member s. Second, the "two" study and educati on, compre he nsively strengt hen t he construction of grass-r oots party organizati ons a nd party members is a n importa nt ... Awake, our party members and party orga nizations, e spe cially at the grassr oots lev el, some of the party member's qual ity is not high, lax di sci pline and some primary party organizati ons are weak and lax, wi ped ou t some grassroots ca dres as, cha os as, t hick friends, eati ng, a nd s o on. The se pr oblems are l ike 11 This Conference is by muni cipal Sta ndi ng Committee research deci de d hel d of, main task is i n-dept h learni ng impleme nt XI G eneral Se cretary on "tw o learn a do" learni ng educati on of important i ndicates s pirit and provi ncial Se cretary XXX im portant spee ch spirit, a ccordi ng to ce ntral de ployment and pr ovincial requirements , o n I city "two lear n a do" learning e ducation work for arra ngements depl oyment, educati on g uide General mem bers further firm ide al faith, and keep on party loyalty, a nd s et breeze uprig ht, and courage to play as, for in province first full built well -off social, a nd Building higher level s of ecologi cal vitality city pr ovide a strong organizati onal g uarantee of happine ss. All par ty members in t he "Constituti on Party rules, series of spee che s, be qual ified party member s" education, Party Ce ntral Committ ee to deepen the inner-party education, adva nci ng the compre hens ive yet anot her important practi ce i n strictly admi nistering t he part y, is to promot e the inner-party education from "key minority" to the vast number of party members expa nde d, from the concentration of important measure s to extend educati on to reg ular educati on, i s leadi ng the task of party buil ding this year. This ye ar, the XI General Secretary on many occasi ons "two" study and educati on is sue d instructi ons, pr ofoundly il lustrates t he sig nificance of e ducation, brill iantly descr ibes t he overall objective s, ba sic re quireme nts and main ta sks of e ducation, made clear that t he main re spons ibility of the hea d of the party orga nization at all level s and s hall carry out, poi nt in t he right directi on for t he us to carry out study and educati on, provide the fundame ntal follow. On April 6 , Li u Yunshan, Comrade Z hao Leji i n Central "two" Forum on e ducational work , a careful de ployment of this w or k, put forwar d a cl ear requirement. On A pril 1 3, the Party S ecretar y, Xi e Fuz han, Direct or of the provi ncial pe ople' s Congres s, the provi nce' s "two" study educational Confere nce, made s pe cif ic arrangeme nts to carry out study and educati on i n the provi nce . We wa nt to s eriously study le d And fur ther implementati on. Party accor ding to t he s pirit of the Ce ntral and provi ncia l requirements, base d on act ual city, res earch has devel ope d a "two" educati onal programmes a nd st udy contents s pe cific pr ogrammes, we wa nt to pay spe cial attenti on t o follow -up. Now, I make a few remarks. First, dee peni ng understanding, e nha nci ng grasp "two" e ducati ona l responsibility since the party's 18, Comrade XI Jinping as G eneral Se cretary of the CPC Central Committee made a series of major de ployment ar ound the party's constructi on, maki ng a series of punch, constr ucti on of a ne w political style s and t he aspirations of the Party greatly condensed. "Two" study a nd e ducat ion, reflects the i nterlocking, step by ste p, further promote t he comprehensive strictly admi nistering the party's firm determinati on a nd politica l will, to pus h forward t he "four comprehensive" strategy is of great signifi cance. We should be s upported by pol itical a nd overall ? 球 阀 按 其 通 道 位 置 可 分 为 直 通 式 ,三 通 式 和 直 角 式 。后 两 种 球 阀 用 于 分 配 介 质 与改变介质的流。? ? 刀型闸阀的结构特点? 刀型闸阀通过配用电磁阀、接近开关等附件可以完成开、关两位置的动作控 制和信号输出,也可以完成连续动作的自动控制。刀型闸阀广泛用于化工、煤碳、 制糖、污水、造纸等领域,是一种理想的密封阀门。刀型闸阀特别适合于造纸行 业 在 管 道 上 作 调 节 和 节 流 使 用 。 ? ? ? 刀 型 闸 阀 主 要 由 左 、 右 阀 体 、 ? 型 密 封 圈 、 闸 板 、 钢 螺 母 、 阀 杆 、 支 架 、 气 缸 等 件 组 成 , 阀 门 启 闭 靠 气 缸 动 作 来 完 成 。 ? ? ? 刀 型 闸 阀 结 构 特 点 主 要 有 : ? ?? 、 采 用 对 夹 式 结 构 , 体 积 小 , 重 量 轻 。 ? ?? 、 完 全 敞 开 的 通 道 , 可 以 防 止 介 质 在 阀 内 沉 积 。 ? ?? 、 新 研 制 的 ? 型 封 圈 , 可 以 保 证 阀 门 的 良 好 密 封 性 。 ? ?? 、闸 板 的 外 密 封 ,则 是 通 过 嵌 在 阀 体 内 具 有 弹 性 的 密 封 条 来 实 现 ,并 可 借 助 于 螺 钉 , 压 板 进 行 调 整 。 ? ? 、 流 阻 小 。 ? ?? 、 安 装 维 修 方 便 。 ? ? 调 节 阀 按 结 构 特 征 大 致 可 分 为 如 下 大 类 ? ( ? )直 通 单 座 调 节 阀 :该 阀 应 用 最 广 ,具 有 泄 漏 小 、许 用 压 差 小 、流 路 复 杂 、 结构简单的特点,故适用于泄漏要求严、工作压差小的干净介质场合,但小规格 阀 ( ?????? ) 也 可 用 于 压 差 较 大 的 场 合 。 ? ( ? ) 直 通 双 座 调 节 阀 : 与 直 通 单 座 调 节 阀 相 反 , 具 有 泄 漏 大 、 许 用 压 差 大 的特点,故适用于泄漏要求不严、工作压差大的干净介质场合,选型时应注意该 阀泄漏量大是否能满足过程控制要求。