动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。例:Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)The most popular pastime is playing chess.最大众化的消遣是下棋(The most popular pastime is to play chess.)The only thing that interests her is working.她唯一感兴趣的事就是工作.动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。例如:Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。He hated himself for not having work hard.他悔恨自己没有用功。I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.很抱歉,没有提早给你打电话。He felt sorry for not having done the work well.他为没有把工作做好感到难过。I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式)There is no denying the fact that he is diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。如:Do you think my going there will be of any help?你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(主语)这里包含着一个宾语从句。The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语)Do you mind my(me) smoking你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语)They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语)2.逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如:Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗?Is there any hope of our team winning the match我们对赢得比赛有希望吗?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this ,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone 时,只用普通格。如:She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如:Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。(=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如:Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:a. 无生命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗?c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗?(1) 动名词的一般式: doing所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如:We are very interested in collecting stamps.我们对集邮很感兴趣。His coming will be of great help to us .他来对我们大有帮助。但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词　after,on,upon,或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如:I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying.一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。Excuse me for coming late.我来晚了,请原谅。Thank you for giving us so much help.谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。(2) 动名词的完成式: having done所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。He regrets not having taken part in the work.他后悔没有参加这项工作。We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。(3) 动名词的被动式:being done当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如:I like being given harder work.我喜欢接受难点的工作。She is proud of being admitted into the university.她为被大学录取而感到自豪。The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.会议延期并未和他商量。He doesn’t mind having been criticized.他不介意过去受到的批评。