出名 He made a name by writing. 他因为写作而出名。 She had a sweet voice, and with the help of her friends, she made a name for herself as a singer in the end. 她有着甜美的嗓音,在她的朋友的帮助下,她最终作为一名歌 手扬名。 (1)by/under the name of in the name of (2)name after 以??为名字;名叫?? 以??的名义;凭??的名义 以??命名 He named his daughter after his grandmother. 他以祖母的名字为他女儿取名。 [ 即境活用4] (1)There is no man by/under the name of Tom 姆的). 完成句子 (名叫汤 (2)The lake was named after (以??命名) the hero.. Although married with two children,Shakespeare left StratfordonAvon at the age of about 30 and went to London alone. 尽管已结婚并有了两个孩子,莎士比亚大约在30岁时离开埃文 河畔斯特拉特福,只身来到伦敦。 although (though)引导让步状语从句,在这里是一个省略句, 完整的句子是:although he was married with two children, 句子意思是“尽管他已经结婚并有两个孩子”。 在时间、条件、方式(比较)或让步等的状语从句中,如果从句 的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,且从句的谓语部 分又含有be动词,这时常常把从句的主语及be动词一起省 略。其结构如下: (1)连词+v.ing/v.ed/to do (2)连词+adj./adv./介词短语 When (she was) walking along the river, she met the stranger. 沿着河岸散步时,她碰到了那位陌生人。 He won’t come unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请,否则他不会来。 The news will change all our plan, if (it is) true. 如果是真的话,这消息会使我们的计划全部改变。 Though (he was) abroad, he loved his motherland very much. 尽管在国外,他非常热爱自己的祖国。 [ 即境活用5] 用省略结构改写句子 (1)Whether he is invited or not, he will go to the wedding. Whether invited or not, he will go to the wedding. (2)The English exam was much more difficult than it was expected. The English exam was much more difficult than expected. 状 一、状语定义 语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等及其短语、从句或句子的成 分被称为状语。 二、状语的分类 1.修饰性状语 修饰谓语或谓语动词,根据其意义内容可分为时间状语、地 点状语、方式状语、程度状语、目的状语、原因状语、结果 状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。 I called on her yesterday. 我昨天拜访了她。(时间状语) He has just left. 他刚离开。(时间状语) I met her on the street . 我在街上遇见了她。(地点状语) He left without saying goodbye . 他不辞而别。(方式状语) They treat us kindly. 他们对待我们很友好。(方式状语) I don’t quite understand. 我不完全理解。(程度状语) 2.评注性状语 评注性状语是对全句进行说明或解释,表示说话人对话 语的看法或态度。 Personally,I think he is a good teacher. 在我个人看来,我觉得他是个好老师。 Happily ,he was not injured. 幸运的是,他没受伤。 To our regret ,he knew nothing about it. 令我们遗憾的是,他对此一无所知。 He may be late. Worse still ,he may not come at all. 他或许会迟到。更糟的是,他或许根本就不来。 3.连接性状语 连接性状语在句子间起连接作用。 It won’t work: for a start ,it’s a bad idea,and secondly , it’ll cost too much. 它是行不通的:首先,这个主意不好;其次,花费太大。(表 列举,顺序) besides , It’ s a little bit too large for me; I don’ t like the color. 对我来说有点大;此外,我不喜欢这颜色。(表意义增补) Give him a chance; otherwise,you will regret it. 给他个机会,否则你会后悔的。(表转折) It rained heavily last night; consequently ,the land was flooded. 昨晚雨下得很大,所以那地方被淹了。(表因果) 三、担任状语的成分 1.名词作状语 用来表示时间、距离、长度、高度等的名词可以作状 语,常放在句末。 I met Mr.Brown on the street yesterday . 昨天我在大街上遇到了布朗先生。 We have covered twenty miles . 我们已经走了二十英里了。 2.形容词作状语 用来表示伴随或主语的状态 He lay in bed awake . 他醒着躺在床上。 The child went home four days later, cold and hungry . 四天后那孩子又冷又饿地回到家。 3.副词(短语)作状语 用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或全句。修饰全句时,一般放在 句首由逗号与句子隔开;修饰形容词、副词时一般放在他们的 前面(enough 除外);修饰动词时,通常放在句末,也可放在句 首,但某些频度副词,如 always, seldom, often, never, rarely 等常放在动词之前,情态动词、助词或系动词之后。 He walks very slowly. 他走得很慢。 Luckily ,he passed the driving test for the first time. 幸运的是,他第一次就通过了驾驶测试。 4.介词短语作状语 多放在句末或句首,但有时也可放在句中。 I haven’t seen him for 3 years . 我已经三年没见他了。 At the moment he is in Shenzhen. 目前他在深圳。 5.不定式(短语)作状语 表目的时,既可放在句首,也可放在谓语动词之后,还可以 用in order to或so as to来替代(so as to不能放在句首);表结 果时,常放在谓语动词之后或句尾,表示出乎意料的结果, to前有时可加only或just来修饰。 In order to solve this problem , my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion later reported to the headmaster. 为了解决这个问题,我和同学们进行了讨论,想出了一个建 议并汇报给了校长。 He hurried to the airport, only to find the plane had taken off . 他匆忙地赶到了飞机场,结果发现飞机已经起飞了。 6.现在分词作状语 表示时间、原因、方式、伴随和结果等。句子的主语 与现在分词之间是主动(主谓)关系。 Not catching the bus ,I had to wait for the next. 由于没赶上公共汽车,我只好等下一班。 The man died, leaving her a great fortune . 男人去世了,留给了她一大笔财富。 7.过去分词作状语 表示时间、原因、条件和让步。主语和过去分词之间存在被 动关系。 Caught in the heavy rain last night ,she fell ill. 由于昨天晚上淋了大雨,她病倒了。 Faced with so many new things to learn , I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do. 面对这么多要学的新东西,我会感到恐惧,不知道该做什 么。 8.with复合结构和独立主格作状语 with复合结构和独立主格常用来表示时间、原因、条 件、伴随或行为方式等。这两个结构中动词的逻辑主语 与其修饰的句子的主语不一致。 With time going on ,our country becomes richer and richer. 随着时间的推移,我们的国家变得越来越富强。 Time permitting , I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends. 时间允许的话,我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度 过。 9.状语从句作状语 状语从句的类 型 常见的连接词 when,while,as,since,before,after,as soon as,once,until/till,hardly(scarcely). 时间状语从句 ..when,the moment(time,day,week ...), no sooner...than等 地点状语从句 where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere 原因状语从句 because,since,as,now that(既然) if,unless,as/so long as,as/so far as,on 条件状语从句 condition that,whether (...or not),once 状语从句的类 型 常见的连接词 since,now that,though/although,even 让步状语从句 if/though,however (whatever,whenever ...), no matter how (what,when ...),while,when 结果状语从句 so/such that,so/such ... that,that 目的状语从句 so ... that,in order that,that,in case 方式状语从句 as if/though,(just) as 比较状语从句 as/so ... as,not so ... as,比较级... than,the +比较级...,the+比较级 As soon as Wen Jiabao entered the hall of the Harvard ,all the students present gave him a loud applause.(时间状语从句) 他一走进哈佛大学的会议厅,全场响起了热烈的掌声。 Corn grows well where it is hot and there is plenty of rain .(地点 状语从句) 玉米在高温多雨的地方长得好。 He was late because there was something wrong with their plane . (原因状语从句) 他来晚了是因为飞机出了故障。 So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up , we are bound to achieve success.(条件状语从句) 只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃,我们一定会取得成功。 Wherever you go , I will follow you.(让步状语从句) 无论你去哪里,我都会跟着你。 She speaks English so fast that I can’t catch her.(结果状语从句) 她英语说得如此快以至于我听不懂。 He carried some bread and bottled water so that we could eat and drink on the road .(目的状语从句) 他带了些面包和矿泉水以备我们路上用。 He made a face at me as if he had known what I would tell his mother .(方式状语从句) 他冲我做了个鬼脸,好像他已经知道我要告诉他妈妈什么。 He runs as fast as I do . (比较状语从句) 他跑得和我一样快。 温馨提示: (1)every time, the moment, the day, the first time, last time等名 词短语也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句。 The day I went to school for the first time , I made friends with Tom. 我上学的第一天就与汤姆交上了朋友。 (2)immediately, directly, instantly也可以用作连词引导时间状语 从句,意思上相当于as soon as。 He got off his bike immediately he saw his teacher . 他一看见老师就从自行车上下来了。 (3)seeing (that), considering (that), now (that)也可以引导原因状 语从句。 Considering it is raining hard , I won’t climb the hill. 由于雨下得很大,所以我不去爬山了。 (4)suppose/supposing (that), providing/provided (that)也可以引导 条件状语从句,意思上相当于“if”(如果;假如)。 Suppose it is very hot , we will go to swim in the lake. 如果天非常热,我们就去湖里游泳。