英语作文的开头、正文和结尾 一篇文章通常可分为三个部分\ue005即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体\ue005直接影响到文章的质量。文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山\ue005用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题\ue005使读者了解文章要谈论什么\ue005一下于引起读者的兴趣。 作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种\ue006 1、 开门见山\ue005 揭示主题文章一开头就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I spent My Vacation”\ue002我怎样度假\ue003的开头是\ue006 I spent my last vacation happily. 下面是题为“Honesty”\ue002谈诚实\ue003一文中的开头\ue006 Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary\ue005 one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"\ue005 and is looked upon by honest people. 2、交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头在文章的开头\ue005先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan” \ue002去金山旅游\ue003的开头\ue006 The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired\ue005 but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3、 回忆性的开头 用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”\ue002泰山游\ue003的开头是\ue006 I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4、概括性的开头即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”\ue002读书的快乐\ue003的开头\ue006 People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else\ue005 because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5、介绍环境式的开头即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”\ue002一场事故\ue003的开头是\ue006 It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy\ue005 the temperature was low\ue005 and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly\ue005 a speeding car came round the corner. 6、交待写作目的的开头。 在文章的一开头就交待写作目的\ue005如通过文章要表扬谁\ue005批评谁\ue005或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”\ue002控制污染\ue003的开头\ue006 In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 文章的正文是由若干段落组成的\ue005 段落通常由几个或者更多的句子组成\ue005有时候一个句子也能成段。 文章的正文应以文章的开头为线索\ue005具体地叙述、的说明或论证文章的主题。文章不论长短\ue005每个段落都必须为主题服务。像说明文和议论文这一类的文章\ue005一个主题还常分成几个小主题\ue005每个小主题要用一个段落处理\ue005 另起一段时\ue005 应是一层新的意思。 每一段的开头\ue005要放一个表示段落小主题的主题句\ue005 这样可使文章条理化\ue005 易于阅读\ue005便于读者抓住主题。 段内的所有句子应围绕主题句的意义加以阐述或论证\ue005为中心思想服务。句子之间应衔结自然\ue005有条不紊\ue005而且还要合乎逻辑\ue005段落中不能出现任何与主题无关的句子\ue007英语写作比较重视主题句的作用\ue005缺少它段落意义就会含糊不清。主题句也可放在段落的中间和末尾等部位\ue005但对初学者来说\ue005以放在段首为好。见下列这篇题为“How to Be a Good Student”\ue002怎样做个好学生\ue003的文章\ue006 We students are the builders and masters of the country. It is important for us to know how to be a good student. A good student\ue005 I think\ue005 should be diligent in his studies. The more he studies\ue005 the more he will increase his knowledge. Without enough knowledge\ue005 we cannot make great contributions to the modernization of our country. To take care of one's own body is another important thing for good student to do. Anyone\ue005 who hasn't got a strong body\ue005 can do nothing for his country\ue005 even if he has much knowledge. There was a man\ue005 who\ue005 when he was student\ue005 studied hard but neglected his health. No sooner did he come to serve the country than he died of poor health. From this we may see that to have a strong body is really very important for a student. Lastly,to cultivate one's own virtue is most important. Virtue is the essence of a noble and good character. It will greatly help one to be useful and his country heart and soul. When learned people go astray\ue005 they do more harm than good to society. We should draw lessons from this. 这篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主题\ue005第二、第三和第四段则是文章的正文\ue005每—段的第一句即是段落的主题句\ue005它们既支持了文章中心的观点和思想\ue005同时又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中\ue005其余的句子都围绕主题句所表示的中心展开\ue005同时句子间的衔结也很自然\ue007各层的意思都很连贯。 分段是文章组织上重要的一步\ue005但如果写的题目范围很小\ue005那就无须再将题目分成小的主题\ue005并分入各个段落去阐述了。像一篇简短的评论\ue007某一事情的简短记载\ue005某一个想法的说明\ue005对一个人物或一件事情的简要叙述或说明等\ue005就可以只用一个段落来表现主题。 在记叙文中\ue005段的结构有时可以很简单\ue005不需要有主题句\ue005叙事一气呵成\ue005中途没有停顿。段与段之所以分开\ue005只是为了起修辞作用\ue005以便把某一细节置于显著的地位。 某些测试用的表达题\ue005在题目中就已经说明只需要根据。所给的提示写一个段落\ue005而不是一篇文章。对于这一类的写作试题\ue005就可以予以简洁的处理\ue005并不是非要扩充成一篇有头有尾的完整文章。 下面这篇题为“Weekend Homework”\ue002谈周末作业\ue003的短文\ue005就是用一个段落来论述问题和表达观点的。 Usally Saturday night is the time for students to get back to their desks and do their weekend homework. Six school days are enough for the students who have many other interests. I think weekend homework should not be given. With homework arranged for Saturday night and the whole of Sunday\ue005 when can he find time to help around the house\ue005 play a game of football or see a good film\ue005 or just relax\ue008 In fact weekend homework is usually put off until Sunday night. As a result our homework is done very poorly and we achive no results. If there were no homework on weekends\ue005 students would go to school on Monday well rested\ue005 willing to work. Teachers\ue005 don't you agree\ue008 文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容\ue005进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想\ue005使文章意义表达得更加深刻。 文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的\ue005常见的有以下几种\ue006 1、首尾呼应\ue005画龙点睛在文章的结尾\ue005把含义较深的话放在末尾\ue005以点明主题\ue005 深化主题\ue005 起到画龙点睛的效果。 如“I Cannot Forget Her” \ue002我忘不了她\ue003的结尾\ue006 After her death\ue005 I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away\ue005 but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2、重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上\ue005达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”\ue002我爱家乡\ue003的结尾\ue006 I love my home town\ue005 and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3、自然结尾随着文章的结束\ue005文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”\ue002钓鱼\ue003的结尾\ue006 I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours\ue005 but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing\ue005 we lay down on the river bank\ue005 bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4、含蓄性的结尾 用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法\ue005而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”\ue002收割的日子\ue003的结尾\ue006 Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat\ue005 but on every face there was a smile. 5、用反问结尾 虽然形式是问句\ue005但意义却是肯定的\ue005并具有特别的强调作用\ue005引起读者深思。如“Should We Learn to Do Housework\ue008”\ue002我们要不要学做家务\ue008\ue003 的结尾。 Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree\ue005 boys and girls\ue008 6、指明方向\ue005激励读者结尾表示对将来的展望\ue005或期待读者投入行动。 如“Let's Go in for Sports” \ue002让我们参加体育运动\ue003 的结尾\ue006 As we have said above\ue005 sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 文章的结尾没有一定的模式\ue005可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是\ue005一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法\ue007但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语\ue005 以便使文章首尾呼应\ue005结构完整。 句式就是句子的结构方式\ue005也就是句子的式样或格式。不同的思想内容要用不同的句式来表达\ue007 而同一思想内容也可以用不同的句式来表达。句式不同\ue005表达效果也就不同。只有句式多样化\ue005文章才会生动有趣\ue005充满活力。可是\ue005在实际写作中\ue005初学写作的学生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的简单句\ue005文章单调乏味\ue005毫无生气。笔者认为\ue005恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化\ue005 增强表达效果。兹将常用方法简单介绍如下。 一、改变句子开头 许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性\ue005用名词和代词作为句子的开头\ue005如 People\ue005We\ue005I\ue005He\ue005They\ue005She 等。但这种开头见多了\ue005难免让人厌倦。试比较\ue006 A.People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food. B.There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food. 第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头\ue005第二句则用 there \ue004be 句型开头。这样既改变了主语\ue004谓语\ue004宾语单调句型\ue005又把想强调的意思突出出来。 实际上\ue005 为了把文章写得生动活泼\ue005 除了用主语开头外\ue005还可以用句子的其他成分开头。 1.用副词开头 Too often\ue005students stray into the habit of cheating on tests. 2.用同位语开头 Air\ue005water and oxygen\ue005everything that is necessary for life. 3.用状语开头 Dark and empty\ue005the house looked very different from the way I remembered it. 4.用表语开头 Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort. 5.用宾语开头 My advice you would not listen to\ue007my helps you laughed at.Now you will have what you asked for. 6.以短语修饰语开头 1\ue003以介词短语开头 To me the news was very interesting\ue005but to my wife very boring. 2\ue003以分词短语开头 Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades\ue005Menchester took flight for the pacific islands. 3\ue003以不定式短语开头 To pass the exam\ue005you should work very hard. 二、巧用连接词 有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句\ue005成了简单句堆砌\ue007有的写复杂句时\ue005动辄用 so\ue005 and\ue005then\ue005but\ue005or\ue005however\ue005yet 等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的\ue005反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象\ue005可以通过使用连接词\ue005尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词\ue005如 who\ue005which\ue005that\ue005because\ue005since\ue005although\ue005after\ue005as\ue005before\ue005when\ue005whenever\ue005if\ue005unless\ue005as if 等\ue005不仅能够丰富句型\ue005而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚\ue005意义更连贯。例如\ue006 Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact. 这段文字用简单句表达\ue005它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清\ue005意思支离破碎。 如果使用连接词\ue005 将单句与其前后合并\ue005 形成主次关系\ue005就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如\ue006 It is a ...