在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。关于哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,下面会列出。定义:主语是句子陈述的对象,同汉语的主语。哪些词可以充当主语1,名词例如:A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.月饼是一种美味的圆饼The first truck is carrying a few basket.第一辆卡车是带着一个竹篮The temperature will stay above zero.气温将高于零。The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.医生非常仔细地看着布朗夫人。China does not want to copy the USA’s example.中国不希望复制美国的例子。2,代词例如:It’s a young forest.这是一个年轻的森林。I don’t know if it will grow.我不知道它是否会增长。That’s a bit expensive.那是有点贵。You’d better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.恐怕我们没有黑色的鞋。3,数词例如:One add two is three.一加二等于三One is not enough for me. I want one more.一个对我来说是不够的。我想再要一个。One of them is English.其中之一是英语。Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.突然一个袋子掉下了卡车。Two will be enough.两个就够了。4,不定式(常以 It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现)例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.给予比接受更好。I found it’s difficult to get to sleep.我发现晚上很难入睡。It’s glad to see you again.很高兴再次见到你。It was difficult to say.很难说。But it’s good to swim in summer.但在夏天游泳是好的。5,It 作主语,有如下情况:1)指代刚刚提到的事物:What’s this? It’s a bus.(指代what)这是什么?它是一辆公共汽车。2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人:Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代 who)谁敲门?是我。Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代 who)这幅画里的婴儿是谁?是我的妹妹。3)表示时间,天气,距离:What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间)什么时间了?八点了。What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气)明天是什么天气?将是雨天。How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away. (距离)它有多远?它大约有一公里以外的地方。6,There 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后。如:There are many different kinds of mooncakes.有许多不同种类的月饼。There will be a strong wind.将会有强风。谓语由动词构成,说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如:I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)我喜欢步行。I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)我昨晚做好了你的生日蛋糕。It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)它被全世界旅行者和商业人员使用。复合谓语也可分为两种情况:第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语:What does this word mean?这个词是什么意思?I won’t do it again.我不会再做一次。I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.我和林涛要去移开那袋大米。You’d better catch a bus.你最好乘公共汽车。第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:You look the same.你看起来一样。We are all here.我们都在这里。The weather gets warmer,and the days get longer.天气变暖和了,白天变长了。Keep quiet and listen to me.保持安静,听我说。He looked worried.他看上去很着急。We have to be up early in the morning.我们必须在早上早起。Is Bill in?比尔在吗?School is over. Let’s go home.放学了。让我们回家。My pen is in my bag.我的钢笔在我包里。I feel terrible.我感觉糟透了。I feel tried all the time.我一直觉得很疲惫。He seemed rather tired last night.他昨晚看起来很累。连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。I saw a cat in the tree.我看见树上有一只猫。I want to go shopping.我想去买东西。He said he could be here.他说他会来的。We think you are right.我们认为你是对的。有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加"to"。My father bought me a book.我父亲给我买了一本书。Give the rubber to me.把橡皮给我。Please give the letter to XiaoLi.请把这封信给小李。有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语是否为复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。We all call him LaoWang.我们都叫他老王。Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色。We found the little girl in the hill.我们在山上找到了小女孩。