微观经济学中各个字母缩写对应的中英文意思 P: 价格 Price Q: 数量 Number D: 需求 Demand S 供给 Supply E: 均衡(或期望)Equilibrium 效用 Utility TU: Total utility 总效用 MU: Marginal utility 边际效用 CS: Consumer surplus 消费者剩余 MRS: 商品的边际替代率 Marginal rate of substitution L: 劳动力 Labor TP:总产量 AP: 平均产量 MP: 边际产量 MRTS:边际技术替代率 STC:短期总成本 土地( Land) 成本(Capital) 边际效用( Marginal utility) 利润(Profit) 长期(Long run) TFC: 总不变成本Total fixed cost TVC: 总可变成本 Total variable cost TC: 总成本 Total cost AFC: 平均不变成本 Average fixed cost AVC: 平均可变成本 Average variable cost) AC: 平均总成本 Average total cost 平均成本(Average cost) MC: 边际成本 Marginal cost LTC: 长期总成本 Long run total cost LAC: 长期平均成本 Long run average cost SAC: 短期平均成本 Short run average cost LMC: 长期边际成本 Long run marginal cost SMC: 短期边际成本 Short run marginal cost TR: 总收益 Total revenue AR: 平均收益 Average revenue MR: 边际收益 Marginal revenue MP: 边际产品(Marginal product) VMP: 边际产品价值 Value of the marginal product MRP: 边际收益产品 Marginal revenue product MFC: 边际要素成本 Marginal cost of factor PEP: 价格扩展线 Price line extension T&4fqBMX) 8juFP#1c nyIT&5grBMX-9kuFQ!2cnyJU *5grCNY-9kvG Q!2dozJU*6hs CNY+akvGR$3d ozKV( 6hsDOY+ alwHR$3epAK V (7isDOZ0blwH S%4ep ALW(7it EPZ0bmxIS%4 f qBLW) 8jtEP#1 cmxIT &5fqBMX ) 8juFQ#1cny J T&5grBMX-9ku FQ!2dn yJU*5g rCNY-9kvGR! 2dozJU*6hsCNY +alvGR $3dozK V(6hsDOZ+alwHS$3epAKV(7i tDOZ0bmwHS%4 epALW) 7itEP#0bmxIS%4fqBL W) 8juE P#1cmx IT&5fqBMX-8juFQ#1cnyJT&5 grCMX -9kuFQ! 2dnyJU*6grCNY-9kvGR!2doz KU*6hsDNY+al vGR$3eozKV(7hsDOZ+alwHS$ 3epALV (7itDO Z0bmwHS%4fpALW) 7itEP#0bm xIT%4f qBLW) 8 juEP#1cnxIT&5fqBMX-8juFQ !1cny JU&5grC MX-9kv FQ!2do yJU*6grCNY+ 9kvGR$2dozKU *6hsDNY+alwG R $3eozKV(7hs DOZ0alw HS$3e pALV(7itEOZ0bmwHS%4fpALW ) 8itEP# 1bmxI T%4fqBMW) 8juFP#1cnxIT&5g qBMX-9juFQ! 1 cnyJU&5grCNX-9kvFQ!2doyJ U*6hrCNY+9kv GR$2dozKV*6hsDNY+alwGR$3 epzKV( 7isDOZ 0alwHS%3epALW(7itEOZ0bmx HS%4fq ALW) 8i tEP#1bmxIT&4fqBMW) 8juFP# 1cnyIT &5gqBM X-9juFQ!2cnyJU&5grCNX-9k vGQ!2do yJU*6 hrCNY+akvGR$ 3dozKV*6hsDO Y+alwHR $3epz KV(7isDOZ0bl w HS%3epALW(7 itEPZ0bmxHS% 4fqALW) 8jtEP # 1bmxIT&4fqB MX) 8juF P#1cn yIT&5grBMX-9 kuFQ! 2cnyJU* 5grCNY -9kvGQ !2dozJU*6hsC N Y+akvGR$3do zKV(6hsDOY+alwHR$3epAKV (7isDOZ0blwH S%4epALW (7it EPZ0bmxIS%4f qB LW) 8jtEP#1 cmxIT&5f qBMX ) 8juFQ#1cnyJ T &5grBMX-9ku FQ!2dny JU*5g rCNY-9kvGR!2 do zJU*6hsCNY +alvGR$3dozK V(6hsDOZ+alw HS$3epAKV(7i tDOZ0bmw HS%4 epALW) 7itEP# 0bmxIS%4fqBL W) 8juEP# 1cmx IT&5fqBMX-8j u FQ#1cnyJT&5 grCMX-9kuFQ! 2dnyJU*6grCN Y +9kvGR!2doz KU*6hsDNY+al vGR$3eozKV(7 h sDOZ+alwHS$ 3epALV( 7itDO Z0bmwHS%4fpA L W) 7itEP#0bm xIT%4fq BLW) 8 juEP#1cnxIT& 5fqBMX-8juFQ ! 1cnyJU &5grC MX-9kvFQ!2do y JU*6grCNY+9 kvGR$2d ozKU* 6hsDNY+alwGR $3eozKV(7hsD OZ0alwH S$3ep ALV(7itEOZ0b m wHS%4 fpALW) 8itEP#1bmxI T%4fqBMW) 8ju FP #1cnxIT&5g qBMX-9ju FQ!1 cnyJU&5grCNX -9kvFQ! 2doyJ U*6hrCNY +9kv GR$2dozKV*6h sDNY+alwGR$3 epzKV(7isDOZ 0alwHS%3epAL W( 7itEOZ0bmx HS%4fqAL W) 8i tEP#1bmxIT&4 fq BMW) 8juFP# 1cnyIT&5gqBM X-9juFQ! 2cny JU &5grCNX-9kvGQ!2dozJU*6hrC NY+akvGR$3dozKV*6hsDOY+a lwHR$3epzKV( 7isDOZ0blwHS%3epALW(7itE PZ0bm xHS%4fq ALW) 8jtEP#1bmxIT&4fqBMX) 8juFP #1cnyIT &5grBMX-9ku F Q!2cnyJU*5gr CNY-9kvGQ! 2d ozJU*6hsCNY + akvGR$3dozKV (6hsD OY+alwH R$3epAKV(7is DOZ0blwHS%4e pALW( 7itEPZ0 bmxIS%4fqBL W ) 8jtEP#1cmxI T&uEP #1cmxIT &5fqBMX-8ju F Q!1cnyJT&5gr CMX-9kvFQ! 2d nyJU*6grCNY + 9kvGR!2dozKU *6hsD NY+alvG R$3eozKV(7h s DOZ+alwHS$3e pALV( 7itDOZ0 bmwHS%4fpAL W ) 7itEP#0bmxI T%4fq BMW) 8ju EP#1cnxIT&5gqBMX-8juFQ!1 cnyJU &5grCMX -9kvFQ!2doy J U*6grCNY+9kv GR$2d ozKU*6h sDNY+a lwGR$3eozKV(7hsDO Z0alw(7isDOZ 0alwHS%3epALW(7itEOZ0bmx HS%4fq ALW) 8i tEP#1bmxIT&4fqBMX) 8juFP# 1cnyIT &5grBM X-9juFQ!2cnyJU*5grCNX-9k vGQ!2dozJU*6 hrCNY+akvGR$ 3dozKV*6hsDO Y+alwHR $3epz KV(7isDOZ0blwHS%4epALW(7 itEPZ0bmxIS% 4fqALW) 8jtEP#1cmxIT&4fqB MX) 8ju FQ#1cn yIT&5grBMX-9 k uFQ! 2cnyJU* 5grCNY -9kvGQ !2dozJU*6hsC N Y+alvGR$3do zKV(6hsDOZ+a lwHR$3epAKV( 7itDOZ0blwHS %4epALW ) 7itE PZ0bmxIS%4fq B LW) 8jtEP#1c mxIT&5f qBMX) 8juFQ#1cnyJT&5grCMX-9kuF Q!2dny JU*6gr CNY-9kvGR!2d ozKU*6hsCNY+ alvGR$3eozKV (6hsDOZ+alwH S$3epAKV(7it DOZ0bm w HS%4epALW) 7itEP# 0bmxIT%4fqBL W) 8juEP# 1cnx IT&5fqBMX-8j u FQ!1cnyJT&5 grCMX-9kvFQ! 2dnyJU*6grCN Y +9kvGR!2doz KU*6hsD NY+al vGR$3eozKV(7 hsDOZ+alwHS$ 3epALV(7itEO Z0bmwHS%4fpA L W) 8itEP#0bm xIT%4fq BMW) 8 juEP#1cnxIT& 5gqBMX-8juFQ !1cnyJU &5grC MX-9kvFQ!2do y JU*6grCNY+9 kvGR$2d ozKV* 6hsDNY+alwGR $3epzKV(7hsD OZ0alwHS%3ep ALV(7itEOZ0b m xHS%4fpALW) 8itEP#1bmxIT %4fqBMW) 8juF P #1cnxIT&5gq BMX-9ju FQ!2c nyJU&5grCNX- 9kvGQ! 2doyJU *6hrCNY +akvG R$2dozKV*6hs D OY+alwGR$3e pzKV(7isDOZ0 alwHS%3epALW (wHS%4epALW( 7itEPZ0bmxIS %4fqALW) 8jtE P #1cmx IT&4fqBMX) 8ju FQ#1 cnyIT&5grBMX -9kuFQ!2dnyJ U*5grCNY -9kv GR!2dozJU*6h sCNY+alvGR$3 dozKV(6hsDOZ +alwHR$3epAK V(7itDOZ0blw HS%4epALW ) 7i tEPZ0bmxIS%4 fqB LW) 8juEP# 1cmxIT&5f qBM X-8juFQ#1cny JT &5grCMX-9k uFQ!2dny JU*6 grCNY-9kvGR!2dozKU*6hsC NY+alvGR$3eozKV(6hsDOZ+a lwHS$3epAKV( 7itDOZ0bmwHS%4fpALW) 7itE P#0bmx IT%4fq BLW) 8juEP#1cnxIT&5fqBMX- 8juFQ!1cnyJT &5grCMX-9kv F Q!2dnyJU*6gr CNY+9kvGR! 2d ozKU*6hsDNY + alwGR$3eozKV (7hsD OZ0alwH S$3epALV(7it EOZ0bmwHS%4f pALW)8itEP#0 bmxIT%4fqBM W ) 8juEP#1cnxI T&5gqB MX-8ju FQ!1cnyJU&5g rCNX-9kvFQ!2 doyJU *6hrCNY +9kvGR$2dozKV*6hsDNY+alw GR$3epzKV(7h sDOZ0alwHS%3epALV(7itEOZ 0bmxH S%4fpAL W) 8itEP#1bmxIT&4fqBMW) 8j uFP#1cnyIT&5 gqBMX-9juFQ!2cnyJU&5grCN X-9kv GQ!2doy JU*6hrCNY+akvGR$2dozKV*6 hsDOY +alwGR$ 3epzKV (7isDOZ0blwHS%3ep ALW(7itEPZ0b mxHS%4fqALW) 8jtEP#1bmxIT &4fqBM X) 8juF P#1cnyIT&5grBMX-9juFQ!2c nyJU*5g rCNX- 9kvGQ! 2dozJU*6hrCNdozJU* 6hsCNY+alvGR $3dozKV(6hsDOZ+alwHR$3ep AKV(7itDOZ0b mwHS%4epALW) 7itEP#0bmxIS %4fqBLW ) 8juE P#1cmxIT&5fqBMX-8juFQ#1c nyJT&5g rCMX- 9kuFQ!2dnyJU*6grCNY-9kvG R!2dozKU*6hs CNY+alvGR$3eozKV(7hsDOZ+ alwHS$3epALV (7itDOZ0bmwHS%4fpALW) 7it EP#0bmx IT%4f qBLW) 8juEP#1cnxIT&5fqBMX -8juFQ!1cnyJ T&5grCMX-9kvFQ!2doyJU*6g rCNY+9kvGR$2 dozKU*6hsDNY+alwGR$3eozK V(7hsD OZ0alw HS$3epALV(7itEOZ0bmwHS%4 fpALW) 8itEP#0bmxIT%4fqB M W) 8juFP#1cn xIT&5gqB MX-9 juFQ!1cnyJU& 5grCNX-9kvFQ ! 2doyJU *6hrC NY+9kvGR$2do zKV*6hsDNY+a lwGR$3epzKV( 7hsDOZ0alwHS %3epALW(7itE OZ0bmxHS%4fq ALW) 8itEP#1b m xIT&4fqBMW) 8juFP#1cnyIT &5gqBMX-9juF Q !2cnyJU&5gr CNX-9kv GQ!2d oy-9kvGQ!2do zJU*6hsCNY+a kvGR$3d ozKV( 6hsDOY+alwHR $3epAKV(7isD OZ0blwHS%4ep ALW) 7itEPZ0b m xIS%4fqBLW) 8jtEP#1cmxIT &5fqBMX) 8juF Q# 1cnyJT&5gr BMX-9ku FQ!2d nyJU*5grCNY- 9kvGR! 2dozJU *6hsCNY +alvG R$3eozKV(6hs D OZ+alwHS$3e pAKV(7itDOZ0 bmwHS%4epALW )7itEP#0bmxI S%4fqBL W) 8ju EP#1cmxIT&5f q BMX-8 juFQ#1cnyJT&5g rCM X-9kuFQ!2dny JU *6grCNY+9k vGR!2dozK U*6 hsDNY+alvGR$ 3eozKV(7hsDO Z+alwHS$3epA LV(7itDOZ0bm wHS%4fpALW) 7 itEP#0bmxIT% 4fqBLW) 8juEP #1cnxIT&5gqB MX-8juFQ!1