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英语特殊疑问句用法要点
1.基本用法与结构
特殊疑问句是由疑问词提问的句子。疑问词包括疑问代词(如what, who, which, whose等)和疑问副词(如when, where, why, how等)。其基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”:
What are you doing?你在做什么?
Which child knows the answer?哪个孩子知道答案?
Whose bicycle is this?这是谁的自行车?
When can you come?你什么时候能来?
Where are you from?你从什么地方来?
Why are your clothes so dirty?你的衣服为什么这么脏?
How shall I answer her?我怎样回答她?
【注】若疑问词用作句子主语,则为陈述句词序:
Who gave you that book?谁给你的那本书?
What made her cry so badly?是什么使她哭得这样伤心?
2.如何就划线部分提问
就划线部分提问的基本方法是:先根据划线部分词语的意思和句法功能确定用什么疑问词,然后将原句变为一般疑问句跟在疑问词的后面即可(注意去掉划线部分)。请看实例:
He goes to schoolby bike.
→How does he go to school?他怎么去上学?
Jim went homeyesterday.
→When did Jim go home?吉姆什么时候回家的?
He was borninParis.
→Where was he born?他出生在什么地方?
He can’t comebecause he is ill.
→Why can’t he come?他为什么不能来?
This isMary’swallet.
→Whose wallet is this?这是谁的钱包?
He boughta dictionaryyesterday.
→What did he buy yesterday?他昨天买了什么?
若划线部分是句子主语,则只要用疑问词代替划线部分即可:
Jack stole our money.
→Who stole our money?谁偷了我们的钱?
若划线部分包含谓语动词,则应用do的适当形式代替划线部分:
Hebought a dictionaryyesterday.
→What did he do yesterday?他昨天做了什么?
Shewas writing letterslast night.
→What was she doing last night?她昨晚在做什么?
He hassold his house.
→What has he done?他做了什么?
3.常用疑问词的用法与区别
(1)疑问代词与疑问副词的区别。疑问代词主要用作主语或宾语,疑问副词主要用作状语。
(2)who与 whom的区别。参见本书“代词”一章。
(3) what, which, who的区别。参见本书“代词”一章。
(4) how long, how often, how soon的区别。三者均可译为“多久”,但有区别:
① how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days等)提问:
—How long did he stay here?他在这儿呆了多久?
—About two hours.大约两小时。
② how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频度副词或状语(如once a week等)提问:
—How often does he come here?他(每隔)多久来一次?
—Once a month.每月一次。
③ how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如:in an hour等)提问:
—How soon will he be back?他要多久才回来?
—In an hour. 1小时以后。
(5) how many与how much的区别。两者均表示“多少”,但how many指数,其后接可数名词复数,how much指量,其后接不可数名词:
How many children does he have?他有几个孩子?
How much time did you spend on it?做此事你花了多少时间?
有时其后不接词,how many依然指数(可数),how much依然指量(不可数):
We have plenty of novels. How many do you want?我们有很多小说。你要多少(本)?
You need some money? How much do you want?你需要钱?要多少?
另外,how much还可用来表示计算或询问价钱、重量、程度等:(yygrammar.com)
How much is four times five? 4乘以 5等于多少?
How much is the coat?这件上衣多少钱?
How much do you like her?你有多喜欢她?
How much does it weigh?这东西有多重?
4.两点重要说明
(1)特殊疑问句不能用yes和no来回答。
(2)有时两个疑问句可以叠用:(ask.yygrammar.com)
When and where was he born?他出生于何时何地?
When and how did you find it?你是在什么时候怎么找到它的?
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