定语从句中:只用 that 而不用 which 的五种情况 引导定语从句的关系代词有: that (指人或物) ,which(指物), who( 指人)。指人时可用 that 或 who ;指物时可用 that 或 which ; 但有时只能用 that ,不能用 which。常见的情况有下列五种: 1) 当先行词是: all , any , anything , everything , nothing the one, much, few, little 或被它们修饰时。 例如: Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗? All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。 2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时 。例如: That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop . 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food . 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 3) 当先行词有: the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。 例如: My necklace is not the only thing that's missing . 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 4) 当主句以 who 或 which 开头时,定语从句中引导词用 that , 不用 which 或 who 。以避免重复。 例如: Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? 5) 当先行词既有人又有物时,用 that 。例如: The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known . 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 whose 在从句中的应用 1.who 指人在从句中做主语 (1 ) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一 班的. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人 . 2. whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (注: who 和 whom 已无太大区别, 可以通用。) (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊 天的那个人 . (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩 . (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友 . 注意: 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替,可省略。 如果在从句中做宾语 ,就用 whom 或 who. 比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那 个和我聊天的男人 . 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用 who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是 那个有英语书的男人 . 3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏 . (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔 . 4. that 指人时,相当于 who 或者 whom ;指物时,相当于 which 。 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?