连词分为两种:并列连词和从属连词
并列连词按照词性分,分为两类
一类本身就是连词词性,也具有连词含义
另一类叫做副词性连词
词性是个副词,有连词的含义,也就是说,形式上不具备连接词的功能,所以,得在形式上搞点变化,让他不受困于形式,方可展现他连词的意思
一般采用以下3种形式包装
1.放在两个逗号之间做插入语
e.g. Bob is good. Tom ,however, is bad.
2.放在句首,后面接逗号再接句子
e.g. Therefore, the film is less than perfect.
3.句子A ; 副词性连词 , 句子B
e.g. The pianist was very ill; therefore,the concert was canceled.
都有哪些词是副词性连词,可以这样用呢?
anyhow(以任何方法)
besides(此外)
furthermore
moreover
however
otherwise(不然的话)
likewise
therefore
thus
then
yet
still(与but用法一样)
neverthless(与but用法一样)
instead
consequently(因此)
notwithstanding
also(此外)
in addition
also
indeed
similarly
again
on the other hand
on the contrary
以下我们不按照词性分,因为对使用没什么意义,我们按照连词本身具有的内在含义和可引导的逻辑关系来分类学习
一、并列连词
总的来说,并列连词作用是连接语法作用相同的单词,短语或者从句
就是说在句子中扮演的角色相同,也就是所充当的成分相同
e.g. Shall we gonoworwhen your father comes?都是副词词性充当状语
现在想想两个句子,为啥要连接在一起说,怎么不跟别人连在一起呢?
就是他俩有千丝万缕的联系啊
具体有什么类型的联系?
1.并列或者递进
andboth A and B
AB 是同等地位不强调任何一个
not only C but also D
重点在D(转折后面的是重点),所以谓语动词与D一致
e.g. Not only you but also I am wrong。
not only提到句首要倒装
e.g. Not only did he make a promise,but he kept it.
A as well as B
重点放在A,所以谓语动词与A一致
e.g. The teacher as well as the students is expected to study hard.
2.转折
butindeed but(表示让步后的强调)
e.g.Indeed he tried hard,but he did not succeed. 他的确很努力,但是他并没有成功
(indeed是副词,修饰but前面那句话)
3.两者里面只能选一个
or(连接两主语时,谓语与就近的主语一致)either or
4.两者都不选
neither nor
5.否定A,肯定B
not but
e.g. Many people talk,not because they have anything to say,but for the mere love of talking.
6.由于A,因此B(A和B是因果关系)
so(常用于日常生活,书面语尽量选以下的)therefore(副词性连词)thus(副词性连词)consequently(副词性连词)accordingly(副词性连词)then(副词性连词)hence(副词性连词)
7.A的原因是B
for(为了与介词for进行区分,常在其前面加逗号)
e.g. It must have rained during the night, for the road is wet.
for与because的比较
for后面接的是现象,由现象推断的前面的结论
because后面接的是事实,由于存在这个事实,才导致了前面的结果
e.g.
He is loved by all, because he is honest.
He must be honest, for he is loved by all.
8.A的例子是B
such asnamely(viz)(副词性连词)that is(i.e.)(副词性连词)for example(e.g.)(副词性连词)for instance(副词性连词)
二、从属连词,连接从句和主句的连词称为从属连词,按照从句不同分类分成
名词性从句从属连词
定语从句从属连词
状语从句从属连词
(具体可以看之前语法的三,有较详细的分析)
参考书籍
《刘毅英语语法宝典》