They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadnt expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别: 类别语法意义及特征例句 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确, 这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松 散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用tha t 引导,关系代 词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. 十.名词性从句 种类作用常用关联词例句 主语从句在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,一般置谓语之前,也可用it 作形式 主语,主语从句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, ho w, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or n ot doesn’t matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. 表语从句在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,位于系动词之后It looks as if it is go ing to snow. 宾语从句在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game. 同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, f act 等) 表明其具体内容You have no idea how worried we are. The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. 十一。状语从句 种类连接词注意点 时间状语when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…tha n, the moment, the minute, immed iately, directly, insta ntly 主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现在时;while 引导的从句中动词一般 是延续性的;until 用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的,而否定句中主句动词为短 暂性的。 地点状语where, wherever 原因状语because, as, since, now that because 语气最强,since 较弱,表示大家都 明了的原因,as 又次之。 条件状语if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that 从句中动词时态不 可用将来时,常用一般时代替 目的状语so that, in order that, for fear that so tha t 和in order tha t 后常接ma y, shou ld, could, would 等情态动词 结果状语so?that, such?that 比较状语tha n, as?as, not so/as”as, the more?the more 方式状语as if, as though, as as if 和as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步状语though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no m atter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as 在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although 和though 用正常语 序,可和yet 连用,但不可和but 连用 十二。倒装句 种类倒装条件例句 完全倒装here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children. 表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chai rs. 强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 studen ts. 部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not 等表示否定意义的副 词放于句首Hardly did I know what had happened. only 和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realized the importance of English. not only?but also 连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, bu t also he is expert at it. neither?nor?连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it, nor do I care abo ut it. so?that, such?tha t 中的so 或such 及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holida y. as 引导的让步状语Child as he is, he has learned a lot. so, neither 或nor 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。He can pla y the pia no. So can i. 用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health! 省略if 的虚拟条件Were I you, I would not do it in this way. 十三。虚拟语气 类别用法例句 If 引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be 用were) 主句动词: should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us. 与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词 主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If I had been free, I would ha ve visited you. 与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/ should+动词原形/ were+不定式 主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we wou ld not go camping. 其它状语从句as if 引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talki ng as if they had been friends for years. in order that / so tha t引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / ma y / might / would 等+ 动词原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. 宾语从句dema nd, suggest, order, insist 后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形He suggested that we not change our mind. wish 后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现 在,过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer. 主语从句在It is necessary / important / strange that?, It is suggested / dema nded / ordered / requested that? 等从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形It is strange th at such a person should be our friends. 其它句型中It is time that?句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形Its high tim e that we left. would rather 所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you staye d at home now. If only 句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望If only our drea m had come true! 十四。重要句型 1. It was not until mid night that he finished his task. 2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4. He walked around the house, gun in hand. 5. May you be in good health! 6. Wish you a pleasa nt journey back home! 7. The professor was a humorous ma n with big nose and deep-set eyes. 8. What surprised me most was his ima gination and patience. 9. He la y on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head. 10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher. 11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists. 12. Looking back upon those past years, he could n’t help feeling very proud. 13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre tha n(when) the pla y started. 14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics. 15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! 16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room. 17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory. 18. There goes the bell. 19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here. 20. It is no use crying for help. 21. If only I had been your student in the midd le school! 22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again. 23. Only when he expla ined did I realize the reason for this. 24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you. ” 25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examina tion after a nother. 26. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements. 十五。