肖仕豪
南京大学社会学院社会学系
本文的成文离不开成伯清老师的教导、艾佳慧老师对问题意识的鼓励以及与师兄罗朝明、同学王玉的讨论;匿名审稿人以及编委会的意见对于本文思路的清理和修改至关重要,在此一并致谢。文责自负。
摘要: 本文尝试以美、日两国的法制史、社会史为基础论述少年司法制度的社会历史生成机理,并指出有关少年司法、“未成年人”的问题意识的形成都是特定社会背景下的产物。书写文化的出现使得儿童与成人之间产生了质的区分,而工业化、城市化和核心家庭则改变了人们看待儿童的方式,由此现代儿童得以发明。未成年人以现代儿童为蓝本被创造,构成了少年司法制度的基本预设和实践基础。随着新的媒介环境和个体化趋势的展开,儿童自身和人们看待儿童的方式都发生了改变,直接导致了未成年人形象的消解,进而促成了两国少年司法的成人化。
关键词:少年司法未成年人社会学研究日本美国
The Creation of “Juvenile” and Its Demise: A Sociological Inquiry on U.S. and Japan's Juvenile Justice
XIAO Shihao
Department of Sociology, School of Social and Behavioal Sciences, Nanjing University
Abstract: This study attempts to expose the socio-historical mechanism that gave birth to the concept of juvenile and the juvenile justice system in America and Japan. It points out that both are social constructs that are historically and culturally specific. The emergence of writing culture began the distinction between child and adult. Industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family struct