Exhibit 10.1

Execution Version

THIRD AMENDMENT TO SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT

THIS THIRD AMENDMENT TO SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT (this
“Amendment”) is entered into as of June 30, 2017 among AMVAC CHEMICAL
CORPORATION, a California corporation (the “Company”), AMVAC NETHERLANDS B.V., a
besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid, organized under the law of
the Netherlands (“AMVAC Netherlands”), AMVAC C.V., a commanditaire vennootschap,
organized under the law of the Netherlands (collectively, with AMVAC
Netherlands, the “Designated Borrowers”), AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION, a
Delaware corporation (“American Vanguard”), GEMCHEM, INC., a California
corporation (“GemChem”), 2110 DAVIE CORPORATION, a California corporation (“2110
Davie”), AVD INTERNATIONAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
(collectively, with the Designated Borrowers, American Vanguard, GemChem and
2110 Davie, the “Guarantors”), the Lenders party hereto, and BANK OF THE WEST,
as Agent.

RECITALS

A. Pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of
June 17, 2013 (as amended by a First Amendment dated as of July 11, 2014 and a
Second Amendment dated as of April 14, 2015, the “Credit Agreement”) among the
Company, the Guarantors, the Designated Borrowers, the Lenders party thereto and
the Agent, the Lenders extended and agreed to extend credit to the Borrowers.
Capitalized terms used herein which are not otherwise defined shall have the
meanings given them in the Credit Agreement.

B. The Company, the Guarantors and the Lenders have agreed to amend certain
terms of the Credit Agreement as further provided in this Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the above Recitals and for other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby
acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

AGREEMENT

1. Amendments.

(a) On the Amendment Effective Date (as defined in Section 3 below), immediately
after giving effect to, and in reliance on the representations and warranties of
the Borrowers set forth herein:

(i) The Credit Agreement shall be amended to delete the stricken text (indicated
textually in the same manner as the following example: stricken text) and to add
the double-underlined text (indicated textually in the same manner as the
following example: double-underlined text) as set forth in the Credit Agreement
attached as Exhibit A hereto.

(ii) The form of Compliance Certificate appearing as Exhibit D to the Credit
Agreement is amended and restated in its entirety to read as set forth on
Exhibit D to this Amendment.

(b) Umpqua Bank (the “New Lender”) hereby acknowledges and agrees that, on the
Amendment Effective Date, it shall (i) assume all rights and obligations of a
Lender under the Credit Agreement, (ii) have a Commitment as set forth on
Schedule 2.01 hereto, and (iii) be bound by the terms and provisions of the
Credit Agreement as if it was a signatory to the Credit Agreement, as amended.

(c) On the Amendment Effective Date, the Lenders (including, without limitation,
the New Lender) shall sell and purchase Loans, and make and receive payments, in
immediately available funds, among themselves, as directed by Agent, in order
for each Lender (other than the Exiting Lender) to hold outstanding Loans on the
Amendment Effective Date commensurate with such Lender’s Applicable

 

-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Percentage of the Aggregate Commitments as set forth in Schedule 2.01 attached
hereto and for the Exiting Lender to have no Applicable Percentage of the
Aggregate Commitments. All such sales and purchases shall be deemed to have been
made in compliance with the Credit Agreement and are hereby ratified and
confirmed. The Borrowers consent to the reallocation of Commitments and Loans on
the Amendment Effective Date in the manner set forth in Schedule 2.01 attached
hereto.

(d) Each of the parties hereto hereby agrees and confirms that, after giving
effect to this Amendment, the Commitment of MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (the “Exiting
Lender”) shall be zero dollars ($0), its commitment to lend and all obligations
under the Credit Agreement shall be terminated, and the Exiting Lender shall
cease to be a Lender for all purposes under the Loan Documents (other than in
respect of any terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, including, without
limitation, Section 11.04(c) of the Credit Agreement, which by their terms
survive any cancellation of commitments, repayment in full of any obligations or
the termination of any existing Loan Document).

2. Conditions Precedent to Effectiveness. This Amendment shall be effective as
of the date (the “Amendment Effective Date”) when the Agent determines that the
following conditions have been satisfied:

(a) Agent shall have received, by original or electronic transmission (promptly
followed by originals):

(i) Executed counterparts of this Amendment from each of the Loan Parties and
the Lenders;

(ii) Notes executed from the Company and any other Borrower payable to the New
Lender;

(iii) (A) From a Responsible Officer of each Loan Party organized under the laws
of a jurisdiction located within the United States, a certificate including an
incumbency certificate, dated the Amendment Effective Date, certifying as to the
Organization Documents of such Loan Party, the resolutions of the governing body
of such Loan Party, the good standing, existence or its equivalent of each Loan
Party and the incumbency of the Responsible Officers of each such Loan Party and
(B) to the extent requested by Agent, the equivalent of the foregoing from each
Loan Party not organized under the laws of a jurisdiction located within the
United States;

(iv) An opinion or opinions of counsel for the Loan Parties, dated the Amendment
Effective Date and addressed to Agent and the Lenders, in form and substance
acceptable to Agent.

(b) all acts and conditions required to be done and performed and to have
happened precedent to the execution, delivery and performance of this Amendment
and to constitute the same a legal, valid and binding obligation of the parties,
enforceable in accordance with its terms shall have been done and performed and
shall have happened in due and strict compliance with all applicable laws;

(c) all documentation shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to
the Agent and its counsel;

(d) any upfront and other fees or expenses, including, without limitation, fees
and expenses of counsel, required to be paid on or before the Amendment
Effective Date shall have been paid, and

(e) there shall not have occurred and be continuing a Default or Event of
Default.

 

-2-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Miscellaneous Provisions.

(a) Representations and Warranties. Each Loan Party hereby represents and
warrants to the Agent and each Lender that each of the representations and
warranties of the Company and each other Loan Party contained in Article VI of
the Credit Agreement and in any other Loan Document shall be true and correct in
all material respects on and as of the Amendment Effective Date, except to the
extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier
date, in which case they shall be true and correct in all material respects as
of such earlier date.

(b) Ratification. The Credit Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents, as
amended hereby, is hereby ratified and remains in full force and effect.

(c) Confirmation. Each Loan Party hereby confirms and agrees that:

(i) at the time of the entering into the Security Documents governed by Dutch
law, it was their intention (and it is still their intention and agreement) that
any security right created under such Security Document was intended to secure
the obligations as amended, novated, supplemented, extended, restated (however
fundamentally and whether or not more onerously) or replaced and includes any
change in the purpose of, any extension of or any increase in any facility or
the addition of any new facility under that Loan Document or other agreement or
instrument of the Borrowers and the other obligors under the Loan Documents;

(ii) any security right created under the Security Documents governed by Dutch
law shall extend to, and shall secure, the liabilities and obligations of the
Loan Parties under the Credit Agreement as amended by and in accordance with the
terms of this Amendment; and

(iii) any amount owed by the Loan Parties under the Credit Agreement as amended
by and in accordance with the terms of this Amendment are part of the definition
of (a) “Secured Obligations” (as defined in the Security Documents governed by
Dutch law), (b) “Parallel Debt” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and
(c) “Corresponding Obligations” (as defined in the Credit Agreement);

(d) Entire Agreement. This Amendment embodies the entire agreement and
understanding between the parties hereto and supersedes all prior agreements and
understandings relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

(e) Governing Law. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to
choice of law rules.

(f) Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts,
all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement and any
of the parties hereto may execute this Amendment by signing any such
counterpart.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

 

-3-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed
as of the day and year first above written.

 

AMVAC CHEMICAL CORPORATION, as the Company

By:  

/s/ David T. Johnson

Name:  

David T. Johnson

Title:  

CFO, Vice President & Treasurer

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION, as a Guarantor By:   /s/ David T. Johnson Name:  
David T. Johnson Title:   Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
GEMCHEM, INC., as a Guarantor By:   /s/ David T. Johnson Name:   David T.
Johnson Title:   Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer 2110 DAVIE
CORPORATION, as a Guarantor By:   /s/ David T. Johnson Name:   David T. Johnson
Title:   Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer AVD INTERNATIONAL
LLC, as a Guarantor By:   /s/ David T. Johnson Name:   David T. Johnson Title:  
Member of the Management Board

 

AMVAC NETHERLANDS B.V., as a Designated Borrower and as a Guarantor

/s/ A.P.M. de Jong

Name: A.P.M. de Jong

Title: Managing Director

 

AMVAC C.V., as a Designated Borrower and as a Guarantor By: AMVAC Chemical
Corporation, General Partner         By:   /s/ Timothy J. Donnelly         Name:
  Timothy J. Donnelly         Title:   Signed by AMVAC Chemical Corporation a
California Corporation, its General Partner Timothy J. Donnelly, CAO General
Counsel and Secretary

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-2-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BANK OF THE WEST, as Agent By:    /s/ Camille Farnsworth-Schrader Name:   
Camille Farnsworth-Schrader Title:    Vice President Syndications BANK OF THE
WEST, as a Lender, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender By:    /s/ Shikha Name:   
Shikha Rehman Title:    Director

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-3-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BMO HARRIS FINANCING, INC., as Lender By: /s/ Andrew
Gayle                                                     Name: Andrew
Gayle                                                    
Title: Director                                                                

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-4-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., as Lender By: /s/ Chris
Fulford                                                       Name: Chris
Fulford                                                       Title: Vice
President                                                      

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-5-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UMPQUA BANK, as Lender By: /s/ Stacy E.
Peterson                                                Name:  Stacy E.
Peterson                                               Title:  Sr VP/Regional
Director Commercial Banking

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-6-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AGSTAR FINANCIAL SERVICES, PCA, as Lender By: /s/ Bob
Atwood                                                        Name: Bob
Atwood                                                        Title: Mgr. Agency
Desk and Team Leader                 

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-7-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GREENSTONE FARM CREDIT SERVICES, ACA, as Lender By:   /s/ Jeff Pavlik Name:  
Jeff Pavlik Title:   SVP of Capital Markets

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-8-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Executed by the following solely in its capacity as an Exiting Lender MUFG UNION
BANK, N.A., as Lender

By:   /s/ Gregory Dubnarsky

Name:   Gregory Dubnarsky

Title:   Vice President

Signature Page to Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement

 

-S-9-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZED OFFICER

The undersigned hereby certifies to the Agent that (1) each of the Loan Parties
has previously delivered to the Agent a true, correct and complete copy of its
Organization Documents (collectively, the “Delivered Organization Documents”),
(2) since such delivery, there has been no change in the Delivered Organization
Documents except for those changes attached, and no such document has been
repealed, revoked, rescinded or amended in any respect, and each remains in full
force and effect, (3) each of the Loan Parties remains in good standing in the
jurisdiction of its organization, (4) the resolutions (the “Delivered
Resolutions”) previously delivered to the Agent by the Loan Parties authorize
the execution, delivery and performance of the foregoing Amendment, (5) the
Delivered Resolutions authorize the Person(s) holding the office(s) indicated
above or, if none, the office(s) held by the Person(s) executing the foregoing
(the “Authorized Executing Office”) to execute the foregoing on behalf of the
respective Loan Parties, (6) each Person executing the foregoing Amendment on
behalf of a Loan Party has been duly elected and now holds the Authorized
Executing Office set forth below his(her) name, and the signature set forth
above is his(her) true signature, (7) the undersigned is authorized to deliver
this Certificate on behalf of each of the Loan Parties, and (8) the Agent may
conclusively rely on this Certificate unless and until superseding documents
shall be delivered to the Agent.

 

/s/ Timothy J. Donnelly

Type/Print Name: Timothy J. Donnelly                      

CAO, General Counsel and Secretary

Certificate of Authorized Officer

 

-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Schedule 2.01 (Commitments)

 

LENDER

   REVOLVING
COMMITMENT      APPLICABLE
PERCENTAGE  

Bank of the West

   $ 60,000,000.00        24.000000000 % 

BMO Harris Bank, N.A.

   $ 53,000,000.00        21.200000000 % 

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

   $ 53,000,000.00        21.200000000 % 

AgStar Financial Services, PCA

   $ 47,000,000.00        18.800000000 % 

GreenStone Farm Credit Services, ACA

   $ 27,000,000.00        10.800000000 % 

Umpqua Bank

   $ 10,000,000.00        4.000000000 %    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL

   $ 250,000,000.00        100.000000000 %    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Schedule 2.01

 

-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EXHIBIT D

FORM OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

Financial Statement Date:                                        
                

To: Bank of the West, as Agent

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement,
dated as of June 17, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or
otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Agreement”; the terms
defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among AMVAC Chemical
Corporation, a California corporation (the “Company”), the Designated Borrowers
from time to time party thereto, the other Loan Parties and Lenders from time to
time party thereto, and Bank of the West, as Agent, L/C Issuer and Swing Line
Lender.

The undersigned Responsible Officer hereby certifies as of the date hereof that
he/she is the                      of the Company, and that, as such, he/she is
authorized to execute and deliver this Certificate to Agent on the behalf of the
Company, and that:

[Use following paragraph 1 for fiscal year-end financial statements]

1. The Company has delivered the year-end audited financial statements required
by Section 6.01(a) of the Agreement for the fiscal year of American Vanguard
ended, as of the above date, together with the report and opinion of an
independent certified public accountant required by such section.

[Use following paragraph 1 for fiscal quarter-end financial statements]

1. The Company has delivered the unaudited financial statements required by
Section 6.01(b) of the Agreement for the fiscal quarter of the Company ended as
of the above date. Such financial statements fairly present the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of American Vanguard and its
Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP as at such date and for such period,
subject only to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes.

2. The undersigned has reviewed and is familiar with the terms of the Agreement
and has made, or has caused to be made under his/her supervision, a detailed
review of the transactions and condition (financial or otherwise) of American
Vanguard and its Subsidiaries during the accounting period covered by such
financial statements.

3. A review of the activities of American Vanguard and its Subsidiaries during
such fiscal period has been made under the supervision of the undersigned with a
view to determining whether during such fiscal period each of the Borrowers
performed and observed all its Obligations under the Loan Documents, and

[select one:]

[to the best knowledge of the undersigned during such fiscal period each of the
Borrowers performed and observed each covenant and condition of the Loan
Documents applicable to it, and no Default has occurred and is continuing.]

Form of Compliance Certificate

 

-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--or--

[to the best knowledge of the undersigned, during such fiscal period the
following covenants or conditions have not been performed or observed and the
following is a list of each such Default and its nature and status:]

4. The representations and warranties of (i) the Loan Parties contained in
Article VI of the Agreement and (ii) each Loan Party contained in each other
Loan Documents or in any document furnished at any time under or in connection
with the Loan Documents, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof,
except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer
to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier
date, and except that for purposes of this Compliance Certificate, the
representations and warranties contained in subsections (a) and (b) of
Section 6.01 of the Agreement shall be deemed to refer to the most recent
statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of
Section 6.01 of the Agreement, including the statements in connection with which
this Compliance Certificate is delivered.

5. The financial covenant analyses and information set forth on Schedules 1 and
2 attached hereto are true and accurate on and as of the date of this
Certificate.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate as of
            ,             .

 

AMVAC CHEMICAL CORPORATION By:                                     
                                                            
Name:                                     
                                                      
Title:                                     
                                                        

Form of Compliance Certificate

 

-2-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SCHEDULE 1

to the Compliance Certificate

[attach financial statements]

Schedule 1 to Form of Compliance Certificate

 

-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SCHEDULE 2

to the Compliance Certificate

For the Quarter/Year ended                                          (“Statement
Date”)

 

         ($ in 000’s) I.    Section 8.08(a) — Consolidated Funded Debt Ratio   
   A.   

Consolidated Funded Indebtedness

(incl. Letters of Credit, Capitalized Leases, Amounts Outstanding Under Product
Acquisition Agreements, etc.)

         1.    Consolidated Funded Indebtedness:    $__________    B.   
Consolidated EBITDA for the four fiscal quarters just ended:          1.   
Consolidated Net Income:    $__________       2.    Consolidated Interest
Expense:    $__________       3.    Provision for taxes:    $__________       4.
   Depreciation and amortization:    $__________       5.    Nonrecurring
non-cash charges and up to $5,000,000 in related cash charges subject to consent
of Agent:    $__________       6.    Losses (gains) on the sale of fixed assets:
   $__________       7.    Non-cash stock based compensation expenses:   
$__________       8.    Extraordinary losses (gains):    $__________       9.   
Losses (gains) from Dispositions of assets and discontinued operations outside
of the ordinary course of business:    $__________       10.    EBITDA subject
to consent of Agent related to Acquisitions pursuant to Permitted Acquisitions
under the Credit Agreement    $__________       11.    Consolidated EBITDA (Sum
of 1+2+3+4+5+/-6+7+/-8+/-9+10):    $__________    C.    Consolidated Funded Debt
Ratio (Ratio of 1.A.1 to 1.B.11):    ___________ Not to exceed 3.25 to 1.00 from
March 31, 2016 and thereafter   

 

Applicable Rate                    Eurocurrency Rate +                          
Standby Letter of
Credit Fees         

Pricing Level

  

Consolidated

Funded Debt Ratio

   Unused fee      Daily One-Month
LIBOR+*      Alternate Base Rate +   I    >3.00:1.00      0.30%        2.25%  
     1.25%   II    <3.00:1.00 but >2.25:1.00      0.25%        2.00%       
1.00%   III    <2.25:1.00 but >1.50:1.00      0.20%        1.75%        0.75%  
IV    <1.50:1.00      0.15%        1.50%        0.50%  

Schedule 2 to Form of Compliance Certificate

 

-1-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Applicable Rate based on the most recently submitted Compliance Certificate:   
Level              Applicable Rate based on current Compliance Certificate:   
Level              II.   Section 8.08(b) — Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage
Ratio      A.    Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA:      1.    Consolidated EBITDA
(I.B.11 above):    $__________      2.    Maintenance Capital Expenditures up to
2% of book value:    $__________      3.    Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA (1
minus 2):    $__________   B.    The sum of:      1.    Consolidated Interest
Expense paid in cash:    $__________      2.    Principal payments paid or
payable on Consolidated Funded Indebtedness (other than Loans and L/C
Obligations):    $__________      3.    Federal, state, local and foreign income
taxes paid in cash:    $__________      4.    Distributions made:    $__________
     5.    Total (sum of 1+2+3+4):    $__________   C.    Ratio of II.A.3 to
II.B.5:    __________      Not to be less than 1.25 to 1.00.    III.   Section
8.09 — Capital Expenditures      A.    Capital Expenditures fiscal year to date:
   $__________ Not to exceed $30,000,000 in any fiscal year plus not more than
$10,000,000 carried over from the immediately preceding fiscal year.   B.   
Carried Over Capital Expenditures from prior fiscal year:    $__________ IV.  
Section 7.14 — Material Subsidiaries      A.    5% of consolidated net assets of
American Vanguard:    $__________   B.    Consolidated net assets of
Subsidiaries who were not Guarantors or Material Subsidiaries as of the end of
the immediately preceding fiscal quarter:    $__________   C.    If B is greater
than A, identity of Subsidiary (Subsidiaries) whose net assets increased (or
which was acquired or created) and caused such excess:    __________   D.    10%
of consolidated gross revenues of American Vanguard for 4 fiscal quarters most
recently ended:    $__________   E.    Consolidated gross revenues of
Subsidiaries who were not Guarantors for the 4 fiscal quarters most recently
ended.    $__________

Schedule 2 to Form of Compliance Certificate

 

-2-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  F.    If D is greater than E, identity of Subsidiary (Subsidiaries) whose
gross revenues increased (or which was acquired or created) and caused such
excess.    ___________   G.    Subsidiary(ies) included in C and F that are not
Guarantors:    __________   H.    Identity of any Subsidiary acquiring Equity
Interests in Designated Borrower or Material Subsidiary during most recent
fiscal quarter:    __________

Domestic Subsidiaries included in Line G are Material Domestic Subsidiaries.
Material Domestic Subsidiaries and Domestic Subsidiaries holding Equity
Interests in Material Subsidiaries (Line H) are required to be Affiliate
Domestic Guarantors.

 

Foreign Subsidiaries included in Line G are Material Foreign Subsidiaries.
Material Foreign Subsidiaries and Foreign Subsidiaries holding Equity Interests
in Material Subsidiaries (Line H) are required to be Affiliate Foreign
Guarantors.

V.   Section 8.05 – Investments   A.    Consolidated outstanding investments of
American Vanguard in Foreign Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries    $_________ When
aggregated with $20 Million in Investments in Dutch Borrowers not to exceed
$150,000,000.   B.    Consolidated outstanding Investments of American Vanguard
in Joint Ventures and other Investments    $__________ Such Investments made
after the Closing Date not to exceed $30 Million VI.   Section 8.16 -
Distributions   A.    Consolidated Net Income for 4 quarters ending with quarter
prior to current quarter    $__________   B.    Dividends declared in current
quarter for payment in subsequent quarter    $__________   C.    Cash dividends
paid in current fiscal quarter and in two prior fiscal quarters    $__________  
D.    Sum of VI.B. plus VI.C (not to exceed VI.A)    $__________ Cash dividends
declared in any fiscal quarter and paid in subsequent fiscal quarter not to
exceed, when aggregated with cash dividends paid or payable during the fiscal
quarter in which such cash dividend is declared and cash dividends paid during
the two fiscal quarters prior to the quarter in which such declaration is paid,
Consolidated Net Income for the four fiscal quarters ending prior to the fiscal
quarter in which such cash dividends are declared.

Schedule 2 to Form of Compliance Certificate

 

-3-