Title: State v. Gerry

State: maine

Issuer: Maine Supreme Court

Document:

MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT 
Reporter of Decisions 
Decision: 
2016 ME 163 
Docket: 
Wal-16-17 
Submitted 
   On Briefs: October 13, 2016 
Decided: 
November 8, 2016 
Corrected:  
November 17, 2016; March 21, 2017 
 
Panel: 
ALEXANDER, MEAD, GORMAN, JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ. 
 
 
STATE OF MAINE 
 
v. 
 
ADAM D. GERRY 
 
 
ALEXANDER, J. 
 
[¶1]  Adam D. Gerry appeals from the judgment of the trial court 
(Waldo County, Worth, J.) finding him guilty of operating under the influence 
(Class D), 29-A M.R.S. § 2411(1-A)(A), (5) (2015), following a conditional 
guilty plea, see M.R.U. Crim. P. 11(a)(2).  On appeal, Gerry contends that the 
motion court (R. Murray, J.) erred in denying his motion to suppress because 
his detention by law enforcement, which ultimately led to the charge of 
operating under the influence, was not based on a reasonable, articulable 
suspicion.  We affirm the judgment. 
 
2 
I.  CASE HISTORY 
[¶2]  In its order denying the motion to suppress, the court found the 
following facts, which are supported by the record reviewed in the light most 
favorable to the court’s order.  See State v. Kierstead, 2015 ME 45, ¶ 2, 
114 A.3d 984. 
[¶3]  On April 18, 2015, an officer of the Belfast Police Department was 
on patrol in Belfast.  At approximately 1:00 a.m., the officer observed a vehicle 
turn off of Main Street and into the parking lot of a drug store, which had been 
closed for several hours.  The vehicle came to a stop and its lights were turned 
off.  The officer thought it was unusual, at that hour, for a vehicle to pull into 
that parking lot, park, and have its lights turned off.  Thinking that there may 
be a burglary in progress, and wanting to investigate further, the officer 
proceeded up the street a short distance, turned around, and returned to the 
parking lot. 
[¶4]  Upon returning to the parking lot, the officer drove around the 
back side of the drug store looking for anything unusual.  When he did not 
observe anything unusual behind the store, he continued around the building 
to where the vehicle he had seen was parked.  The officer could not see 
anyone inside the vehicle, so he used his spotlight to illuminate the car, at 
 
3 
which time Gerry, who apparently had been reclined in his seat, sat up so that 
he was visible. 
[¶5]  At that point, the officer approached Gerry and asked him if he was 
“all right and what he was doing.”  Once the officer communicated with Gerry, 
he could smell alcohol coming from him.  Due to the smell of alcohol, the 
officer’s inquiry and investigation shifted to an investigation of possible 
operation of a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicants. 
[¶6]  Gerry was charged with operating under the influence pursuant to 
29-A M.R.S. § 2411(1-A)(A).  On July 15, 2015, Gerry moved to suppress 
evidence obtained during the detention and arrest, arguing that the police 
interaction with him constituted an unlawful detention that was not 
supported by a reasonable articulable suspicion. 
[¶7]  A testimonial hearing on the motion was held on 
September 2, 2015.  For purposes of the motion to suppress, the State 
conceded that the officer’s interaction with Gerry constituted a seizure. 
[¶8]  In a written order, the court denied Gerry’s motion.  The court 
found that the officer had a reasonable articulable suspicion of criminal 
conduct from his observation of Gerry pulling into the parking lot of a closed 
business in the middle of the night, parking, and shutting off his vehicle’s 
 
4 
lights.  The court further found that the officer’s investigation of the back of 
the drug store and observation of the vehicle with no sign of an occupant 
substantiated his stated concern.  Lastly, the court found that the subsequent 
observation of Gerry in the vehicle justified a brief inquiry with Gerry. 
[¶9]  On January 12, 2016, Gerry entered a conditional plea of guilty to 
the charge of operating under the influence.  See M.R.U. Crim. P. 11(a)(2).  The 
court accepted the conditional guilty plea, and Gerry filed a timely notice of 
appeal. 
II.  LEGAL ANALYSIS 
[¶10]  Gerry argues that his detention was not supported by a 
reasonable articulable suspicion, and therefore constituted an unreasonable 
seizure under the Fourth Amendment.1  He argues that the officer could not 
have harbored a reasonable articulable suspicion once he realized that no 
burglary had occurred, and that the trial court relied on precedent that was 
inapplicable to the facts in the present case. 
[¶11]  When reviewing a trial court’s denial of a motion to suppress, we 
review the findings of fact by the trial court for clear error and review its 
                                         
1  Gerry contends that he was seized when the officer “flew out of [his] car to confront [him], 
pinning [his] car in its parking spot.”  Although it does not appear that the officer activated his blue 
lights, or that Gerry’s car would not have been restricted from being driven forward, the State 
concedes that Gerry was detained for Fourth Amendment purposes.  
 
5 
conclusions of law de novo.  Kierstead, 2015 ME 45, ¶ 14, 114 A.3d 984.  We 
“will uphold the denial of a motion to suppress if any reasonable view of the 
evidence supports the trial court’s decision.”  Id.  
[¶12]  The protections of the Fourth Amendment are implicated when 
“[a]n encounter between a member of law enforcement and a citizen . . . 
constitutes a seizure of . . . the citizen.”  State v. Gulick, 2000 ME 170, ¶ 10, 
759 A.2d 1085.  A law enforcement officer can permissibly detain a citizen 
when “specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational 
inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion.”  State v. Dulac, 
600 A.2d 1121, 1122 (Me. 1992) (quoting Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 21 (1968)); 
see also State v. LaPlante, 2011 ME 85, ¶ 8, 26 A.3d 337 (“In almost all 
circumstances, a warrantless seizure is unreasonable in the absence of an 
objectively reasonable, articulable suspicion that criminal conduct has taken 
place, is occurring, or will imminently occur.”).  When the initial justification 
for a stop has evaporated, a law enforcement officer is not precluded from 
making further investigation based on facts obtained through the initial lawful 
contact.  See State v. Huether, 2000 ME 59, ¶¶ 6-8, 748 A.2d 993. 
 
[¶13]  Gerry argues that the officer could not have harbored a 
reasonable articulable suspicion that a burglary was taking place or about to 
 
6 
take place once he found Gerry asleep in his car.  The officer, however, never 
stated that he found Gerry sleeping, only that he did not see anyone in the car 
until he used his spotlight to illuminate the vehicle and then saw Gerry’s head 
pop up from a reclined seat.  As this occurred in the course of legitimately 
investigating whether a burglary may be occurring or was about to occur, 
asking Gerry what he was doing and if he was “all right” was a minimal 
intrusion on his Fourth Amendment rights.  See State v. Hill, 606 A.2d 793, 795 
(Me. 1992) (noting that a request to see a drivers license was a “minimal 
further intrusion” and did not require a reasonable articulable suspicion, so 
long as the initial stop was supported by a reasonable articulable suspicion).   
 
[¶14]  In the circumstances of this case, the officer’s questions were 
appropriate, even if the officer no longer suspected a burglary might be taking 
place.  Hill, 606 A.2d at 794-95 (observing that although the justification for 
the initial detention had evaporated, an officer was justified in prolonging a 
detention in a way that created only a “minimal further intrusion” into the 
detained person’s liberty interests, because there was a “significant State 
interest”; see also State v. Gulick, 2000 ME 170, ¶¶ 19-20, 759 A.2d 1085; 
cf. Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. ---, 135 S. Ct. 1609, 1614-15 (2015) 
(stating that “a traffic stop can become unlawful if it is prolonged beyond the 
 
7 
time reasonably required to complete th[e] mission of issuing a warning 
ticket,” but that the “mission” of a traffic stop includes making “ordinary 
inquiries incident to [the traffic] stop”).  
[¶15]  Thinking that a burglary may be occurring or was about to occur, 
the officer investigated the back of the store, and proceeded around to the 
parked car, which appeared empty until illuminated.2  Once the officer 
illuminated the car, Gerry popped up in his seat, and the officer engaged him.  
At that point the officer noticed the scent of alcohol on Gerry—a fact 
discovered as a result of the initial lawful contact—and he was justified in 
investigating and detaining Gerry further.  
[¶16]  The trial court found that the facts from State v. Gulick, 2000 ME 
170, 759 A.2d 1085, were “very similar” to the facts of this case, and relied on 
that opinion in denying Gerry’s motion to suppress.  Gerry argues that unlike 
Gulick, the officer here had no concern for safety, and further contends that 
                                         
2  Although Gerry asserts that the officer’s suspicion was nothing more than a “hunch,” the trial 
court did not clearly err in finding that the officer had a reasonable articulable suspicion that a 
burglary may be occurring or was about to occur, because the officer testified to knowledge of other 
burglaries in the area, the time of night, the location of the vehicle, and the manner in which it was 
parked.  See State v. Sylvain, 2003 ME 5, ¶ 8, 814 A.2d 984 (“Since the motion court has had the 
opportunity to hear the witnesses and assess their credibility, we afford the court’s findings 
concerning historical facts considerable deference. . . . [O]nly if the findings are clearly erroneous 
will they be set aside.”). 
 
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the opinion says nothing about a suspicion of wrongdoing being sufficient 
grounds for a reasonable articulable suspicion. 
[¶17]  Although there may have been no safety concern here, the 
assertion about wrongdoing ignores what may have been the officer’s duty to 
at least check on any vehicle found in similar circumstances in the early 
morning hours.  As we stated in Gulick, “[h]aving observed the car pull into the 
parking lot of a closed emergency medical care facility at almost three o’clock 
in the morning, any prudent officer would have been justified in assuring that 
the occupants did not have a medical or other emergency or that illegal 
activity was not afoot.”  Gulick, 2000 ME 170, ¶ 18, 759 A.2d 1085 (emphasis 
added) (citation omitted).  We further stated that under those circumstances, 
an officer’s failure to “investigate . . . [the defendant’s] presence there, and 
obtain identification, would have constituted a serious error in judgment.”  Id.  
We ultimately held that “a detention related to a request . . . that the motor 
vehicle operator demonstrate that the operator is licensed is not an 
unreasonable intrusion when the officer’s initial contact with the operator is 
based on reasonable and articulable facts of a concern for safety or 
wrongdoing, whether or not the initial contact itself constituted a seizure.” 
Id. ¶ 21 (emphasis in original).   
 
9 
[¶18]  Given that the drug store had been closed for several hours, and 
suspecting that a burglary may be afoot, the officer was justified in briefly 
detaining Gerry to ask if he was all right and to inquire as to his purpose in 
being there.3  The court was correct in determining that Gulick controlled.4 
[¶19]  Viewing the findings of fact in the light most favorable to the trial 
court’s order, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the officer had a 
reasonable, articulable suspicion of wrongdoing to warrant the brief detention 
of Gerry. The officer’s subsequent observation and discovery of Gerry’s 
intoxication therefore resulted from a reasonable, articulable suspicion of 
other criminal conduct.  The court’s factual findings are not clearly erroneous, 
and its legal conclusions are consistent with our law.  
The entry is: 
 
 
Judgment affirmed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
3  In Gulick, we noted that the officer did not choose to engage in a seizure or stop, but having 
observed the lone vehicle at a closed medical facility at three in the morning “would have been 
justified in engaging in a seizure, or a ‘stop’ on these facts.”  State v. Gulick, 2000 ME 170, ¶ 17, 
759 A.2d 1085. 
4  Applying Gulick in this manner does not, as Gerry contends, “swallow the rule, allowing police 
to seize and search anyone parked in a public place . . .  at nighttime,” because law enforcement 
officers must still harbor a reasonable, articulable suspicion to justify a detention. 
 
 
10 
 
 
 
 
On the briefs: 
 
Rory A. McNamara, Esq., Drake Law, LLC, Lebanon, for appellant Adam 
D. Gerry 
 
William B. Entwisle, Asst. Dist. Atty., Prosecutorial District VI, Belfast, 
for appellee State of Maine 
 
 
 
Waldo County Unified Criminal Docket docket number CR-2015-77 
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY