Title: Robinson v. DFS

State: delaware

Issuer: Delaware Supreme Court

Document:

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE 
 
WILLOW IRENE ROBINSON,1 
 
Respondent Below- 
Appellant, 
 
v. 
 
DIVISION OF FAMILY SERVICES, 
 
Petitioner Below- 
Appellee. 
§ 
§  No. 561, 2014 
§ 
§  Court Below:  Family Court 
§  of the State of Delaware, 
§  in and for New Castle County 
§  File Nos. 13-12-01TN, 
§  13-12-02TN, and 13-12-03TN 
§  Petition Nos. 13-36852, 
§  13-36857, and 13-37063 
§ 
 
Submitted: March 19, 2015 
  Decided: April 22, 2015 
 
Before STRINE, Chief Justice; HOLLAND and VAUGHN, Justices. 
 
 
O R D E R 
 
This 22nd day of April 2015, upon consideration of the appellant’s 
opening brief filed under Supreme Court Rule 26.1(c), her counsel’s motion 
to withdraw, and the response filed by the Division of Family Services 
(“DFS”), it appears to the Court that: 
(1) 
The respondent-appellant, Willow Robinson (“Mother”), filed 
this appeal from the Family Court’s order, dated August 27, 2014, which 
terminated her parental rights with respect to her three minor children, 
Alexander (born December 1, 2005), Martinique (born May 7, 2008), and 
                                                 
1 The Court previously assigned a pseudonym to the appellant pursuant to Supreme Court 
Rule 7(d).  The Court also uses pseudonyms for the children throughout this Order. 
 
2 
Terrance (born July 2, 2010).2  Mother’s appointed counsel on appeal has 
filed a brief and motion to withdraw under Rule 26.1(c).  Counsel asserts 
that he has made a conscientious review of the record and the law and can 
find no arguable grounds for appeal.  Despite the opportunity to do so, 
Mother has not raised any points for the Court’s consideration on appeal.  
DFS has filed a response to the brief and has moved to affirm the Family 
Court’s judgment. 
(2) 
On September 17, 2012, DFS filed an emergency petition for 
temporary custody of Alexander and Martinique after they were found 
wandering in the City of Wilmington unsupervised and were locked out of 
their home.  The police found Mother inside the home under the influence of 
embalming fluid.  She was arrested and charged with Endangering the 
Welfare of a Child.  On September 26, 2012, DFS filed an emergency 
petition for custody of Terrance, who was then living with his paternal 
grandfather, because DFS was concerned that Mother might seek to retrieve 
Terrance from his grandfather.  DFS alleged that the children were 
dependent and neglected in Mother’s care.  Counsel was appointed to 
represent Mother, and a Court Appointed Special Advocate (“CASA”) was 
appointed to represent the children.  On November 13, 2012, the Family 
                                                 
2 The Family Court’s order also terminated the parental rights of the children’s respective 
fathers.  No appeal was filed from the termination of the fathers’ parental rights.  
 
3 
Court held a consolidated adjudicatory and dispositional hearing at which it 
found all three children remained dependent under 10 Del. C. § 901(8) 
because of Mother’s ongoing substance abuse.  Custody of the children was 
continued with DFS.  
(3) 
The Family Court approved Mother’s case plan, which required 
Mother to maintain stable finances and the ability to support her children, 
maintain appropriate and stable housing, choose appropriate caregivers, 
complete a parenting class and cooperate with her parent aide, avoid 
domestic violence and cooperate with a domestic violence liaison, and 
complete a substance abuse program successfully.  In April 2013, the Family 
Court held a consolidated guardianship and review hearing.3  After 
considering the testimony, the Family Court concluded that Mother had not 
made substantial progress on her case plan because, although she was 
working, she was facing the threat of eviction and was continuing to use 
drugs.  The court thus found that the children remained dependent and that 
custody should remain with DFS. 
                                                 
3 A maternal aunt and a maternal uncle had filed separate petitions for guardianship of 
the children.  The uncle’s petition was dismissed after he failed to appear for the hearing.  
The aunt’s petition was denied after she admitted that she had been substantiated for 
physical abuse of her own daughter in 2012, that she was legally blind, that she had cared 
for Mother’s children in 2013 but had returned them to Mother even though she knew 
Mother was abusing drugs, and that she herself used marijuana. 
 
4 
(4) 
On August 7, 2013, DFS filed a motion to change the goal from 
reunification to termination of parental rights (“TPR”) because Mother had 
not completed her case plan and because the children were doing well in 
their placements.  Mother, through her appointed counsel, opposed DFS’ 
motion to change the goal.  The Family Court held a permanency review 
hearing on August 16, 2013.  At that time, the Family Court found that 
Mother was working two jobs, had tested negative for PCP use, had 
completed a parenting class, and reported a good relationship with her parent 
aid.  Notwithstanding these positive developments, the Family Court also 
found Mother’s housing situation remained precarious because her landlord 
had obtained a $5000 judgment against her, her work schedule interfered 
with her ability to obtain necessary drug treatment as she continued to test 
positive for marijuana use, and she discontinued domestic violence 
counseling after one session.  The Family Court, however, did not rule on 
DFS’ motion to change the goal at that time. 
(5) 
Instead, on December 3, 2013, the Family Court held another 
consolidated permanency review and guardianship hearing.4  At the time of 
the hearing, Mother was incarcerated on a violation of probation but 
expected to be released on December 17, 2013, and to return to one of her 
                                                 
4 The third guardianship petition was filed by Terrance’s paternal grandmother, who had 
a relationship with all three children. 
 
5 
two jobs.5  The record further reflected that Mother had not completed 
domestic violence counseling, which was required, and had been discharged 
as unsuccessful from her drug treatment program for missing group and 
individual sessions.  She also lacked appropriate, stable housing because she 
was living with her boyfriend, in violation of the terms of her probation, in a 
one-bedroom apartment that was too small to accommodate her three 
children.  Mother asked that the petition for guardianship be granted.  Both 
DFS and the CASA opposed the guardianship petition because the proposed 
guardian was unemployed and was living in her own sister’s house where 
she did not have her own room and slept on the couch.  At the conclusion of 
the hearing, the Family Court denied the petition for guardianship and 
granted DFS’s motion to change the goal to termination but required DFS to 
continue to engage in concurrent planning for reunification with Mother. 
(6) 
On May 6, 2014, the Family Court held a consolidated 
permanency review and TPR hearing.  The Court heard testimony as to 
everyone except Martinique’s father, who had not received proper service.  
At the request of Mother’s counsel, the Family Court indicated that it would 
reopen the record as to all three children if Martinique’s father appeared at 
the rescheduled hearing, which was continued until August 11, 2014; 
                                                 
5 Mother had been fired from her second job after taking her supervisor’s cell phone. 
 
6 
however, if Martinique’s father did not appear, then the record would be 
deemed complete as to all three children.  Martinique’s father did not appear 
at the August 11 hearing, and the Family Court closed the record. 
(7) 
In its final decision dated August 27, 2014, the Family Court 
carefully detailed the testimony of all of the witnesses, including: Mother; a 
clinical supervisor at Horizon House where Mother was sent for drug 
treatment; a DFS investigator; a drug treatment counselor from Brandywine 
Counseling; a DFS treatment worker; a parent aide; a domestic violence 
counselor; a counselor from the school attended by Alexander and 
Martinique; a DFS permanency/adoption worker; a supervisor from 
Mother’s workplace; and the children’s CASA.  After reviewing all of the 
evidence presented, the Family Court found that Mother had completed only 
one of the required elements of her DFS case plan, which had been entered 
on June 15, 2012.  Mother had failed to maintain stable, appropriate housing, 
had failed to obtain adequate employment in order to financially support her 
children, had failed to participate in domestic violence counseling, and had 
failed to complete drug treatment. 
(8) 
Ultimately, the Family Court found clear and convincing 
evidence that: (i) there was a statutory basis for termination because the 
Mother had failed to plan adequately for the children’s emotional and 
 
7 
physical needs; (ii) DFS had made reasonable efforts to reunify Mother with 
the children; and (iii) termination of Mother’s parental rights was in the 
children’s best interests.6  The children had been in DFS’ care for more than 
one year.7  Notwithstanding Mother’s expressed desire to have her children 
returned to her, the Family Court concluded that all of the remaining, 
applicable best interest factors weighed in favor of terminating the Mother’s 
parental rights.8 
(9) 
This Court’s review of a Family Court decision to terminate 
parental rights entails consideration of the facts and the law as well as the 
inferences and deductions made by the Family Court.9  To the extent that the 
Family Court’s rulings of law are implicated, our review is de novo.10  To 
the extent that the issues on appeal implicate rulings of fact, we conduct a 
limited review of the factual findings of the trial court to assure that they are 
sufficiently supported by the record and are not clearly wrong.11  If the trial 
                                                 
6 DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 13, § 1103(a)(5) (2009). 
7 Id. § 1103(a)(5)a1. 
8 Id. § 722 (the Family Court found domestic violence, § 722(a)(7), to be an inapplicable 
factor to its analysis). 
9 Wilson v. Div. of Family Serv., 988 A.2d 435, 439-40 (Del. 2010). 
10 Id. at 440. 
11 Powell v. Dep’t of Serv. for Children, Youth & Their Families, 963 A.2d 724, 731 (Del. 
2008). 
 
8 
judge has correctly applied the law, our review is limited to abuse of 
discretion.12 
(10) In reviewing a petition for termination of parental rights, the 
Family Court must employ a two-step analysis.13  First, the court must 
determine, by clear and convincing evidence, that a statutory basis exists for 
termination.14  Second, the court must determine, by clear and convincing 
evidence, that termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests.15 
(11) In this case, we have reviewed the parties’ positions and the 
record below very carefully.  We conclude that there is ample evidence on 
the record to support the Family Court’s termination of Mother’s parental 
rights on the statutory basis that she failed to plan for the children adequately 
and because termination was clearly in the children’s best interests.  We find 
no abuse of discretion in the Family Court’s factual findings and no error in 
its application of the law to the facts.  Accordingly, the judgment below shall 
be affirmed. 
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the 
Family Court is AFFIRMED.   
                                                 
12 Id. 
13 DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 13, § 1103(a) (2009). 
14 Shepherd v. Clemens, 752 A.2d 533, 537 (Del. 2000). 
15 Id. 
 
9 
BY THE COURT: 
/s/ Leo E. Strine, Jr. 
 
Chief Justice