Title: North Dakota Private Investigative & Security Board v. TigerSwan, LLC, et al.

State: north-dakota

Issuer: North Dakota Supreme Court

Document:

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Erwin1'   1:G $FRXUWDEXVHVLWVGLVFUHWLRQZKHQLWDFWVLQDQDUELWUDU\ XQUHDVRQDEOHRUXQFRQVFLRQDEOHPDQQHULWPLVLQWHUSUHWVRUPLVDSSOLHVWKHODZRULWV GHFLVLRQ LV QRW WKH SURGXFW RI D UDWLRQDO PHQWDO SURFHVV OHDGLQJ WR D UHDVRQHG GHWHUPLQDWLRQ  See Ayling v. Sens   1'     1:G   ,Q DGGUHVVLQJWKH%RDUG¶V1'5&LY3 I UHTXHVWWKHFRXUWH[SODLQHG +HUHWKH%RDUGKDGVXIILFLHQWWLPHWRFRQGXFWGLVFRYHU\EXW FKRVHQRWWR$WWKHKHDULQJRQ$SULO$WWRUQH\5RJQHE\ FDQGLGO\DGPLWWHGWKDWWKH%RDUGDQG7LJHU6ZDQZHUHDFWLYHO\WU\LQJ WRUHVROYHWKHPDWWHUZLWKRXWOLWLJDWLRQDQGDVDUHVXOWWKH%RDUGKDG QRW\HWFRQGXFWHGGLVFRYHU\7KH%RDUGKDGDPSOHWLPHWRFRQGXFW GLVFRYHU\7KH%RDUGFKRVHQRWWRFRQGXFWGLVFRYHU\7KH%RDUG FDQQRWQRZSURWHVWWKDWWKH%RDUGGRHVQRWKDYHWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLW UHTXLUHVWRGHIHQGWKHPRWLRQIRUVXPPDU\MXGJPHQW  7KH%RDUGKDVQRWFRQYLQFHGXVWKDWWKHFRXUWDEXVHGLWVGLVFUHWLRQLQGHQ\LQJLWV 1'5&LY3 I PRWLRQ >@ 7KH%RDUGDUJXHVWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWHUUHGLQGHQ\LQJLWVUHTXHVWIRUDQ LQMXQFWLRQFODLPLQJLWPD\VHHNDQLQMXQFWLRQEDVHGVROHO\RQSULRULOOHJDODFWLYLWLHV ZLWKRXWDQ\VKRZLQJRIRQJRLQJRUIXWXUHGDPDJHRULQWHQW6HFWLRQ 1'&&SURYLGHVWKDW³WKHFLYLOUHPHG\RIDQLQMXQFWLRQLVDYDLODEOHWRUHVWUDLQDQG HQMRLQYLRODWLRQVRIDQ\SURYLVLRQVRIWKLVFKDSWHU´7KHFLYLOUHPHG\RIDQLQMXQFWLRQ LVSURYLGHGIRUE\1'5&LY31'&&FKDQG1'&&FK7KH JUDQWLQJRILQMXQFWLYHUHOLHILVHTXLWDEOHLQQDWXUHDQGUHVWVLQWKHVRXQGGLVFUHWLRQRI WKHGLVWULFWFRXUWDQGZHZLOOQRWUHYHUVHDFRXUW¶VUXOLQJRQLQMXQFWLYHUHOLHIXQOHVV WKDWGLVFUHWLRQKDVEHHQDEXVHGSeeMartin v. Weckerly1:G   1'   see alsoRiemers v. Jaeger1'1:G Magrinat v. Trinity Hosp.1:G 1'   >@ 7KH%RDUGUHOLHVRQFDVHVIURPRWKHUMXULVGLFWLRQVZKLFKLWFRQWHQGVHVWDEOLVK WKDWDOLFHQVLQJERG\QHHGRQO\HVWDEOLVKDVWDWXWRU\YLRODWLRQDQGVWDQGLQJWRREWDLQ DUHVWUDLQLQJRUGHURULQMXQFWLRQSee, e.g.,Waterfront Comm’n of New York Harbor v. Sea Land Serv., Inc.)G   G&LU   KROGLQJFRXUWGLGQRWDEXVH LWVGLVFUHWLRQLQJUDQWLQJLQMXQFWLRQZKHUHGHIHQGDQWUHSHDWHGO\UHIXVHGWRUHJLVWHURU OLFHQVHLWVHPSOR\HHV Waste Disposal, Inc. v. Stewart6RG $OD    XSKROGLQJ DV QRW ³SODLQO\ RU SDOSDEO\ HUURQHRXV´ LQMXQFWLRQ SURKLELWLQJ GHIHQGDQW IURP FROOHFWLQJ DQG GLVSRVLQJ RI VROLG ZDVWH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI VWDWXWH Telophase Soc. of Fla., Inc. v. State Bd. of Funeral Dirs. and Embalmers6RG  )OD&W$SS   XSKROGLQJLQMXQFWLRQEDVHGRQDSSHOODQW¶VYLRODWLRQRI VWDWXWH State ex rel. Med. Licensing Bd. v. Stetina1(G ,QG&W $SS   KROGLQJFRXUWHUUHGLQGLVPLVVLQJ6WDWH¶VSHWLWLRQIRUDQLQMXQFWLRQZKHUH XQFRQWUDGLFWHGHYLGHQFHHVWDEOLVKHGGHIHQGDQWZDVERWKHQJDJHGLQWKHSUDFWLFHRI PHGLFLQHDQGXQOLFHQVHG State v. 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Trinity Hosp. 1' 1:G6HFWLRQ1'&& SURYLGHV FULPLQDO DQG FLYLO UHPHGLHV IRU YLRODWLRQV RI 1'&& FK  DQG 1'&&   SURYLGHV DQ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH UHPHG\ ZKLFK LQFOXGHV WKH DVVHVVPHQW RI DQ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH IHH  6HFWLRQ  1'&& DOVR DOORZV LPSRVLWLRQRIDQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHIHHEXWWKHIHHPD\EHLPSRVHGRQO\³>L@QDGGLWLRQ WR LVVXLQJ WKH LQMXQFWLRQ´  +HUH WKH FRXUW GLG QRW LVVXH DQ LQMXQFWLRQ DQG FRQVHTXHQWO\GLGQRWHUULQUHIXVLQJWRLPSRVHDQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHIHH ,,,  > @ 7LJHU6ZDQDQG5HHVHDUJXHWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWHUUHGLQGHQ\LQJLWVPRWLRQIRU VDQFWLRQVDQGDWWRUQH\IHHVDJDLQVWWKH%RDUGXQGHU1'5&LY3DQG1'&&  >@ $GLVWULFWFRXUWPD\LPSRVHVDQFWLRQVDJDLQVWDQDWWRUQH\DUHSUHVHQWHGSDUW\ RUERWKLIWKH\YLRODWHRUDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDYLRODWLRQRI1'5&LY3 E See Kuntz v. 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