Title: Hudson v. Hudson

State: alabama

Issuer: Alabama Supreme Court

Document:

373 So. 2d 310 (1979)
James D. HUDSON and Elzie Hudson
v.
Betty Jean HUDSON, a minor.
78-49.

Supreme Court of Alabama.
July 20, 1979.
Alton L. Turner, Luverne, for appellants.
Ben H. Lightfoot, Luverne, Guardian ad Litem, for appellee.
ALMON, Justice.
This case of first impression involves the equity powers of the Circuit Court to order sterilization of a mentally deficient minor, absent legislative authority.
The appellants filed a complaint in the Circuit Court, alleging in pertinent part that:
A guardian ad litem was appointed for the appellee, and after a hearing, the court entered the following judgment.
We note there is no contention that a surgical procedure is medically necessary or that the failure to authorize sterilization will endanger the appellee's life or health.
The holding of the United States Supreme Court in Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200, 47 S. Ct. 584, 71 L. Ed. 1000 (1927), supports the validity of statutes regulating sterilization of incompetents. We are reluctant to act in this field absent specific statutory authorization.[1]
Notwithstanding the Buck case, supra, the United States Supreme Court has more recently addressed the broad spectrum of issues raised by the intensely personal and private decisions made by individuals with respect to matters of procreation. Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678, 97 S. Ct. 2010, 52 L. Ed. 2d 675 (1977) (contraception); Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52, 96 S. Ct. 2831, 49 L. Ed. 2d 788 (1976) (abortion); Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 93 S. Ct. 705, 35 L. Ed. 2d 147 (1973) (abortion); Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438, 92 S. Ct. 1029, 31 L. Ed. 2d 349 (1972) (contraception); Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 85 S. Ct. 1678, 14 L. Ed. 2d 510 (1965) (contraception); Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535, 62 S. Ct. 1110, 86 L. Ed. 1655 (1942) (sterilization).
The most significant themes readily apparent from a reading of these cases are that the rights of marriage and procreation are fundamental rights, Skinner, supra, and an individual's decision with respect to bearing children is at the very heart of a cluster of recognized and protected constitutional rights. Carey, supra.
The import and gravity of these themes is evinced by the fact that the overwhelming majority of the courts which have considered the issue before us have refused to sanction the surgical sterilization of mentally deficient persons without specific legislative *312 authority. In re M. K. R., 515 S.W.2d 467 (Mo.1974); Holmes v. Powers, 439 S.W.2d 579 (Ky.1968); Guardianship of Tully, 83 Cal. App. 3d 698, 146 Cal. Rptr. 266 (1978); In re D. D., 90 Misc.2d 236, 394 N.Y.S.2d 139 (Sur.Ct.1977), aff'd on other grds., In re D. D., 64 A.D.2d 898, 408 N.Y.S.2d 104 (1978); A. L. v. G. R. H., 163 Ind.App. 636, 325 N.E.2d 501 (1975), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 936, 96 S. Ct. 1669, 48 L. Ed. 2d 178 (1976); Guardianship of Kemp, 43 Cal. App. 3d 758, 118 Cal. Rptr. 64 (1974); Frazier v. Levi, 440 S.W.2d 393 (Tex.Civ. App.1969); In re Lambert, No. 61-156 (Tenn.Ct.App., Oct. 29, 1976) noted in 44 Tenn.L.Rev. 879 (1977); Annot., 74 A.L. R.3d 1210; Annot., 74 A.L.R.3d 1224; Comment, Sterilization, Retardation, and Parental Authority, 1978 B.Y.U.L.Rev. 380. See also Ruby v. Massey, 452 F. Supp. 361 (D.Conn.1978).
We conclude that the inherent equity power of the circuit court over both incompetents and minors does not include the power to order a surgical sterilization under the circumstances here presented, absent specific legislative authorization. The profound nature of the constitutional and social issues raised by this case and the irreversible character of the physical consequences of the requested relief preclude judicial resolution absent legislative action.
Our holding comports not only with the weight of authority, but also with our perception of the fundamental personal interests preserved by our abstention. The judgment of the circuit court is hereby affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
TORBERT, C. J., and BLOODWORTH, FAULKNER and EMBRY, JJ., concur.
[1]  See Tit. 45, § 243, Code of 1940 and Wyatt v. Aderholt, 368 F. Supp. 1383 (1974) regarding sterilization of inmates in mental institutions.