Title: EWC, Inc. v. BFI, INC.

State: alabama

Issuer: Alabama Supreme Court

Document:

657 So. 2d 885 (1995)
ENVIRONMENTAL WASTECONTROL, INC.
v.
BROWNING-FERRIS INDUSTRIES, INC., et al.
1921319.

Supreme Court of Alabama.
March 17, 1995.
*886 Samuel Fisher of Gordon, Silberman, Wiggins & Childs, P.C., Birmingham, for appellant.
T. Thomas Cottingham III, Robert S.W. Given and Christopher W. Weller of Burr & Forman, Birmingham, for appellees.
COOK, Justice.
The opinion of August 12, 1994, is withdrawn, and the following is substituted therefor.
The plaintiff, Environmental WasteControl, Inc. ("EWC"), appeals from a summary judgment for the defendant Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc. ("BFI"), on EWC's claims of fraud, promissory fraud, breach of contract, breach of a joint venture agreement, and intentional interference with business relations.[1] The dispute in this case arises out of negotiations between EWC and BFI toward opening and maintaining a sanitary landfill in Blount County. The negotiations were extensive; however, the parties never entered a written agreement, and the letters exchanged between the parties indicate that the parties differed on several important aspects of the proposed venture.
EWC contends that while it was negotiating with BFI regarding the proposed landfill, BFI was, at the same time, working on its own with officials in Walker County with the hopes of operating a landfill there. EWC contends that it would be difficult for two landfills so close to be profitable. The record indicates that the parties began negotiations in 1988 and continued them through June 1990. During those negotiations, BFI made an offer to purchase from EWC a particular tract of land in Blount County that the parties were considering for the landfill; EWC held an option on that land. EWC refused BFI's offer to purchase at a certain price. EWC contends that at a time when the details were close to being ironed out, BFI "dropped EWC." EWC does agree, however, that the financial aspects of the details were never completely resolved.
Mims, Lyemance, & Reich v. UAB Research, 620 So. 2d 594, 599 (Ala.1993).
The record indicates that the parties conducted extensive negotiations. While they were negotiating, the state placed a moratorium on landfills in the state of Alabama; this moratorium complicated their dealings with one another. In June 1990, BFI formally notified EWC that BFI was no longer interested in a joint venture agreement with EWC. In August 1990, the Blount County Commission voted unanimously to negotiate a regional landfill agreement with BFI. The only other serious contender for the contract with Blount County was EWC, which by that time had a tentative agreement with Sanifill. BFI also signed a waste disposal contract with Walker County in October 1990, after "several months of negotiating"; this fact, EWC argues, is evidence that BFI did not intend to consummate an agreement with EWC.
The trial court properly entered the summary judgment for BFI with regard to the claim alleging breach of contract. The agreement, if there was a final agreement, was to include dealings with one another extending for approximately 20 years; it was never reduced to writing. Thus, the agreement would have been unenforceable because of the Statute of Frauds, § 8-9-1, Ala.Code 1975. Furthermore, the record indicates that although the parties offered proposals and counterproposals indicating that they may have been seriously interested in reaching an agreement, they, in fact, never reached one.
Likewise, the trial court properly entered the summary judgment with regard to the claim alleging breach of a joint venture agreement. It is true that ordinarily the existence of a joint venture agreement is a question for the jury. This Court wrote in Arndt v. City of Birmingham, 547 So. 2d 397 (Ala.1989):
*888 46 Am.Jur.2d Joint Ventures § 1 (1969). As we stated in Moore v. Merchants & Planters Bank, 434 So. 2d 751, 753 (Ala. 1983), `while every element is not necessarily present in every case, it is generally agreed that in order to constitute a joint venture, there must be a community of interest and a right to joint control.' (Emphasis added [in Arndt].)
547 So.2d at 399-400; see Moore v. Merchants & Planters Bank, 434 So. 2d 751, 753 (Ala.1983).
The negotiations between EWC and BFI went back and forth, and the correspondence between them clearly shows that they never entered a joint venture. For example, EWC wrote a letter to BFI in January 1989 that stated in pertinent part:
The response from BFI to the EWC letter of January 1989 was as follows:
Corporate approval was not forthcoming, and in May 1989 the moratorium on permits for solid waste management facilities (landfills) went into effect.
In January 1990, EWC sent the following letter to BFI in response to a BFI proposal:
On January 17, 1990, the parties negotiated with regard to a proposed letter of understanding, but that letter was never executed. Clearly, there was no agreement as to a joint venture.
EWC next contends that BFI committed promissory fraud when it fraudulently lulled it into working toward an agreement with BFI while BFI secretly was beginning to compete against EWC. EWC argues that BFI negotiated with EWC and that each time EWC acquiesced to BFI's demands in an effort to reach an agreement, BFI changed its requirements and made new requests of EWC. EWC also contends that BFI's insistence that EWC "refrain from meaningful discussions with other waste disposal companies" (Appellant's brief at page 24) constituted evidence from which a jury could conclude that BFI negotiated with EWC long enough to make itself independently competitive. EWC contends that BFI suddenly withdrew from negotiations with EWC in mid-June 1990 and, that, before the end of June, BFI was independently negotiating for the Blount County landfill.
In further support of its fraud count, EWC points out that BFI had been negotiating with Walker County for a waste disposal facility there. EWC argues that Walker and Blount Counties could not support two disposal facilities so close to each other and that BFI's negotiations with Walker County exemplify an intent to prevent EWC's involvement in a waste disposal project in Blount County. The affidavit of one Walker County official indicates that BFI had been negotiating with Walker County for "several months" before the execution of an agreement in October 1990. BFI terminated its relationship with EWC in June 1990.
Fraud consists of false representation of a material fact that another party relies upon to his or her detriment. Harmon v. Motors Ins. Corp., 493 So. 2d 1370, 1373 (Ala. 1986). This Court has written the following about a claim of "promissory fraud":
Green Tree Acceptance, Inc. v. Doan, 529 So. 2d 201, 206 (Ala.1988). In order to withstand BFI's properly supported motion for summary judgment on EWC's claim alleging promissory fraud, EWC had to provide substantial evidence of a material false representation coupled with an intent not to perform at the time the false representation was made. EWC argues that the evidence of the *890 Walker County contract, entered soon after the negotiations with EWC were terminated, and EWC's evidence that the BFI would change the terms of the proposal each time EWC capitulated to BFI's demands and BFI's insistence that EWC refrain from meaningful discussions with other waste disposal companies constitute substantial evidence from which a jury could determine that BFI misrepresented its intent when it negotiated with EWC and, in so doing, allowed time to develop its own competing plan for a waste disposal landfill in the area that did not include EWC. Because we find that EWC presented substantial evidence supporting its claim of promissory fraud, we reverse the judgment as to that count and remand the cause.
ORIGINAL OPINION WITHDRAWN; OPINION SUBSTITUTED; AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART; AND REMANDED; APPLICATION OVERRULED.
HORNSBY, C.J., and ALMON, SHORES, INGRAM and BUTTS, JJ., concur.
[1]  Although we do not address the claims alleging fraud and intentional interference with business relations, the summary judgment as to those claims was appropriate.