Title: Ross v. Saros

State: ohio

Issuer: Ohio Supreme Court

Document:

[Cite as Ross v. Saros, 99 Ohio St.3d 412, 2003-Ohio-4128.] 
 
 
ROSS, APPELLANT, v. SAROS, APPELLEE. 
[Cite as Ross v. Saros, 99 Ohio St.3d 412, 2003-Ohio-4128.] 
Habeas corpus sought to compel Franklin County Children’s Services Director 
to release relator’s child to her custody — Court of appeals’ denial of 
writ affirmed. 
(No. 2003-0576 — Submitted June 24, 2003 — Decided August 20, 2003.) 
APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Franklin County, No. 02AP-846. 
__________________ 
 
Per Curiam. 
{¶1} 
On August 17, 1999, appellant, Chrystal Ross, gave birth to 
A’uantae Ross.  According to the court of appeals in a related case, In re Ross 
(Nov. 29, 2001), Franklin App. No. 01AP-570, 2001 WL 1512381, two days later, 
after being notified that Chrystal and A’uantae had both tested positive for 
cocaine, Franklin County Children’s Services (“FCCS”) filed a complaint in the 
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations, 
Juvenile Branch, seeking an emergency care order for the child.  That same day, 
the juvenile court issued an emergency care order placing the child in the custody 
of FCCS.  The juvenile court appointed counsel for Chrystal, and in October 
1999, the juvenile court found A’uantae to be a dependent child and granted 
temporary custody of her to FCCS. 
{¶2} 
In July 2000, FCCS moved for permanent custody.  After 
numerous continuances, the juvenile court held a hearing in April 2001, at which 
Chrystal was represented by appointed counsel. 
{¶3} 
On April 30, 2001, the juvenile court granted permanent custody of 
A’uantae to FCCS.  The juvenile court found that Chrystal failed to appear at the 
hearing despite being properly served.  The juvenile court further found that it 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
2 
was in the best interest of A’uantae to be permanently committed to the custody 
of FCCS because Chrystal failed to consistently attend visitation, undergo drug 
and alcohol treatment, and attend parenting classes. 
{¶4} 
On appeal, the Court of Appeals for Franklin County affirmed the 
juvenile court’s permanent-custody order.  The court of appeals determined that 
the performance of Chrystal’s trial attorney at the April 2001 hearing was not 
deficient because Chrystal’s “counsel was left in the unenviable position of being 
unable to determine what posture to take in representing [appellant] due to 
[appellant’s] own failure to converse or correspond with counsel.”  In re Ross, 
supra. 
{¶5} 
On reconsideration, the court of appeals rejected Chrystal’s new 
claim that the appellate court lacked jurisdiction to grant permanent custody 
because she was never served with notice of the agency’s motion for permanent 
custody.  The juvenile court determined that even assuming that Chrystal was not 
properly served, she received sufficient notice and opportunity to assert her rights: 
{¶6} 
“In the final analysis, * * * appellant had adequate notice of the 
permanent commitment hearings and of the nature of the proceedings and had an 
adequate opportunity to prepare for and to assert her rights at the hearing at which 
permanent commitment was granted. * * * 
{¶7} 
“Here, the record suggests ‘appellant had notice at least since 
August or September 2000 that FCCS sought permanent commitment of her child, 
and the record reflects appellant was represented by counsel in the permanent 
commitment proceedings from at least September 2000 to April 2001.  * * * 
[Because] appellant’s counsel stated appellant had been informed [of the actual 
hearing date], appellant had ample opportunity to prepare for the hearing to assert 
her rights, notwithstanding that appellant’s failure to remain in contact with her 
counsel deprived counsel of the opportunity to present evidence in support of 
appellant at that hearing.” 
January Term, 2003 
3 
{¶8} 
We did not allow Chrystal’s discretionary appeals.  See In re Ross 
(2002), 94 Ohio St.3d 1434, 761 N.E.2d 49; In re Ross (2002), 95 Ohio St.3d 
1410, 765 N.E.2d 877. 
{¶9} 
In August 2002, Chrystal filed a petition in the court of appeals for 
a writ of habeas corpus to compel appellee, FCCS Director John Saros, “to release 
the child to the custody of Petitioner.”  The court of appeals granted Saros’s 
motion for summary judgment and denied the writ. 
{¶10} This cause is now before the court upon Chrystal’s appeal as of 
right. 
{¶11} Chrystal asserts that the court of appeals erred in holding that she 
had had an adequate remedy at law by way of appeal.  In fact, by raising her lack-
of-service claim in her previous appeal, she was barred by res judicata from 
raising it again in habeas corpus. 
{¶12} “ ‘[H]abeas corpus, like other extraordinary writ actions, is not 
available when there is an adequate remedy at law.’ ”  In re Coleman, 95 Ohio 
St.3d 284, 2002-Ohio-1804, 767 N.E.2d 677, at ¶ 4, quoting Gaskins v. Shiplevy 
(1996), 76 Ohio St.3d 380, 383, 667 N.E.2d 1194.  “This principle applies equally 
to child custody actions, where habeas corpus relief is the exception rather than 
the general rule.”  Rammage v. Saros, 97 Ohio St.3d 430, 2002-Ohio-6669, 780 
N.E.2d 278, ¶ 9. 
{¶13} Chrystal is correct that a “limited exception” to these general rules 
permits habeas corpus petitions to raise jurisdictional claims.  State ex rel. 
Fryerson v. Tate (1999), 84 Ohio St.3d 481, 485, 705 N.E.2d 353. 
{¶14} This exception, however, does not apply here.  “ ‘In the absence of 
a patent and unambiguous lack of jurisdiction, a court having general subject-
matter jurisdiction can determine its own jurisdiction, and a party challenging that 
jurisdiction has an adequate remedy by appeal.’ ”  (Emphasis added.)  State ex rel. 
United States Steel Corp. v. Zaleski, 98 Ohio St.3d 395, 2003-Ohio-1630, 786 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
4 
N.E.2d 39, ¶ 8, quoting State ex rel. Nalls v. Russo, 96 Ohio St.3d 410, 2002-
Ohio-4907, 775 N.E.2d 522, ¶ 18.  This rule applies to habeas corpus cases.  Agee 
v. Russell (2001), 92 Ohio St.3d 540, 544, 751 N.E.2d 1043; Howard v. Catholic 
Social Serv. of Cuyahoga Cty., Inc. (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 141, 145, 637 N.E.2d 
890. 
{¶15} The juvenile court did not patently and unambiguously lack 
jurisdiction to grant the FCCS motion for permanent custody.  Chrystal’s claim is 
based on In re Frinzl (1949), 152 Ohio St. 164, 39 O.O. 456, 87 N.E.2d 583.  In 
that case, at paragraph four of the syllabus, we held that the lack of sufficient 
notification of a permanent-custody proceeding rendered the juvenile court 
judgment void ab initio and made an ensuing claim cognizable in habeas corpus: 
{¶16} “Where the only notice given to the mother of an adjudged 
dependent child, of a hearing to change such child’s temporary commitment to a 
permanent one, was served on the mother within an hour before such hearing and 
she had no opportunity between the time of being served with the notice and the 
time of the hearing, to either prepare for such hearing or to engage counsel to 
represent her, such notice is insufficient in law and an order for permanent 
custody made at such hearing is void for want of jurisdiction of the court in 
making it, and an attack made upon it by an application for a writ of habeas 
corpus is direct and not collateral and is proper even though the judgment appears 
to be regular and valid upon its face.” 
{¶17} Unlike the mother in Frinzl, Chrystal was represented by counsel 
at the permanent-custody hearing and she had been notified that FCCS sought 
permanent custody of A’uantae well in advance of the hearing.  To the extent that 
Chrystal claimed that her attorney’s performance at the hearing was deficient, it 
was Chrystal’s fault for not communicating with the attorney.  Where parents of 
minor children have the notice and opportunity to assert their rights in a 
January Term, 2003 
5 
permanent-custody proceeding, Frinzl is inapplicable.  See, e.g., In re Crow (Jan. 
22, 2001), Darke App. Nos. CA 1521 and CA 1522, 2001 WL 62895. 
{¶18} Therefore, the juvenile court did not patently and unambiguously 
lack jurisdiction to grant permanent custody of A’uantae to FCCS.  Consequently, 
Chrystal had an adequate remedy at law by her previous unsuccessful appeal.  
That remedy precludes the requested writ of habeas corpus.  “Where a plain and 
adequate remedy at law has been unsuccessfully invoked, extraordinary relief is 
not available to relitigate the same issue.”  Childers v. Wingard (1998), 83 Ohio 
St.3d 427, 428, 700 N.E.2d 588. 
{¶19} Moreover, even assuming that Chrystal stated a viable Frinzl 
claim, she would still not necessarily be entitled to the writ.  The juvenile court 
findings, which are attached to her petition, demonstrate that releasing A’uantae 
to Chrystal’s custody would not be in the child’s best interest.  According to those 
findings, Chrystal is a chronic crack cocaine abuser who ignored drug- and 
alcohol-treatment and parenting classes and failed to visit her child after August 
2000.  The court of appeals correctly denied the writ.  See In re Bailey, 98 Ohio 
St.3d 309, 2003-Ohio-859, 784 N.E.2d 109, ¶ 12 (the parents’ “own [habeas 
corpus] petition demonstrates that an award of custody would not be in the best 
interests of the child”); Holloway v. Clermont Cty. Dept. of Human Serv. (1997), 
80 Ohio St.3d 128, 131, 684 N.E.2d 1217 (“ ‘Whenever child custody is litigated 
in a habeas corpus action, the best interest of the child is the prime consideration’ 
”), quoting 1 Antieau, The Practice of Extraordinary Remedies (1987) 113, 
Section 1.50. 
{¶20} Based on the foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the court of 
appeals. 
Judgment affirmed. 
 
MOYER, C.J., RESNICK, F.E. SWEENEY, PFEIFER, LUNDBERG STRATTON, 
O’CONNOR and O’DONNELL, JJ., concur. 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
6 
__________________ 
Richard B. Parry and Thomas J. Brock, for appellant. 
Ron O’Brien, Franklin County Prosecuting Attorney, and Mary Jane 
Martin, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee. 
__________________