Title: Barksdale v. State

State: arkansas

Issuer: Arkansas Supreme Court

Document:

555 S.W.2d 948 (1977) Nathaniel BARKSDALE, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. No. CR77-53. Supreme Court of Arkansas, Division 1. October 3, 1977. *949 Hunt & Jamison by Leon N. Jamison, Pine Bluff, for appellant. Bill Clinton, Atty. Gen., by Joseph H. Purvis, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee. ROY, Justice. Appellant Nathaniel Barksdale was found guilty of the offense of burglary in violation of Ark.Crim.Code § 41-2002 (1976). He also was found to be a habitual offender, and the sentence imposed was nine years. On appeal Barksdale's only allegation of error is that the trial court erred in refusing to submit to the jury his proffered instruction that the offense of breaking or entering is a lesser included offense of burglary. The record reflects appellant entered the Baptist Student Union at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff about midnight on July 20, 1976. The building was locked when the director left at 5:30 p. m., July 20, and appellant did not have permission to enter it that night. Appellant testified he was out walking a dog and saw the door to the building open as he passed by, so he stepped inside since he knew at times they had ping pong games going on there; that when he stepped inside he noticed some glass was broken but heard no noise, so he left. When appellant went in the building it was approximately midnight and no lights were on. The silent burglar alarm[1] apparently went off when the door was opened. The police responded to the alarm, and as he was running from the building appellant was shot when he did not stop as the officer ordered him to "halt." Section 41-2002, supra, provides: Ark.Crim.Code § 41-2001(1)(b) (1976) clearly defines an "occupiable structure" as a "vehicle, building, or other structure:... where people assemble for purposes of business, government, education, religion, entertainment, or public transportation;. . . ." Ark.Crim.Code § 41-2003 (1976) provides: The main thrust of appellant's argument seems to be that the "testimony establishes *950 that the structure allegedly entered was a mere building, thus presenting the issue whether appellant was guilty of the offense of breaking or entering as defined by Ark. StatAnn. § 41-2003." Appellant relies on the comment to this section in the Criminal Code which states inter alia: Appellant also cites Caton & Headley v. State, 252 Ark. 420, 479 S.W.2d 537 (1972), but in Caton we stated: Under the statutory definition of "occupiable structure," whether anyone is physically occupying the structure is irrelevant. The determinative factor is the nature of the premise, that is, not whether it was occupied at the time of the crime, but rather whether it was occupiable. The fact the building was used for social activities, religious sessions, and classroom meetings clearly demonstrated that the building was an "occupiable structure." Thus there was no issue on this point to go to the jury. The issue of entry into the building was never seriously in doubt either. Appellant freely admitted he entered the building and then left through the same door at the rear of the Student Union. The only issue for jury determination was appellant's intent on entering the building. In Cassady v. State, 247 Ark. 690, 447 S.W.2d 144 (1969), citing Shell v. State, 184 Ark. 248, 42 S.W.2d 19 (1931), we held: There was testimony to the effect that appellant entered the locked building at approximately midnight; the burglar alarm went off; the door was found broken open; numerous items of value, i. e, radios, movie projectors and a tape recorder, were present in the structure; and appellant refused to heed the order of the officer to stop running. It is apparent by the verdict of the jurors that they disregarded appellant's assertions he was investigating a ping pong game and found he intended to commit a punishable offense when he entered the building. Thus from the evidence it is apparent appellant was guilty of the burglary offense as charged or was innocent, and thus *951 the trial court did not err[2] by refusing to submit appellant's proffered instruction. Affirmed. We agree. HARRIS, C. J., and GEORGE ROSE SMITH and HICKMAN, JJ. [1] The Student Union door had a silent alarm system which alerted the police whenever the door was opened. The pastor of the Baptist Student Union testified the message was then automatically relayed to him by telephone, and that he received the message about 12:15 a. m., July 21. [2] Neither would it have been error for the court to give the requested instruction. See Cation, supra.