Title: Chase v. North Dakota

State: north-dakota

Issuer: North Dakota Supreme Court

Document:

)LOHG E\&OHUNRI6XSUHPH&RXUW ,17+(6835(0(&2857 67$7(2)1257+'$.27$  1' /RUU\9DQ&KDVH 3HWLWLRQHUDQG$SSHOODQW Y 6WDWHRI1RUWK'DNRWD 5HVSRQGHQWDQG$SSHOOHH 1R  $SSHDOIURPWKH'LVWULFW&RXUWRI5ROHWWH&RXQW\1RUWKHDVW-XGLFLDO'LVWULFW WKH+RQRUDEOH0LFKDHO3+XUO\-XGJH $)),50(',13$575(9(56(',13$57$1'5(0$1'(' 2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUWE\0F(YHUV-XVWLFH /RUU\9DQ&KDVHVHOIUHSUHVHQWHG%LVPDUFN1'SHWLWLRQHUDQGDSSHOODQW VXEPLWWHGRQEULHI 5\DQ-7KRPSVRQ6WDWH¶V$WWRUQH\'HYLOV/DNH1'IRUUHVSRQGHQWDQG DSSHOOHH VXEPLWWHGRQEULHI &KDVHY6WDWH 1R  0F(YHUV-XVWLFH >@ /RUU\9DQ&KDVHDSSHDOVIURPDGLVWULFWFRXUWRUGHUGHQ\LQJKLVUHTXHVWHG UHOLHI2QDSSHDO&KDVHDUJXHVWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWHUUHGE\  FRQVLGHULQJKLVPRWLRQ FLWLQJ1'5&LY3 E DVDQDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHILQRUGHUWRGHQ\ LWZLWKRXWDKHDULQJ  GHQ\LQJKLVPRWLRQRQJURXQGVRIPLVXVHRISURFHVVDQGUHV MXGLFDWD  ILQGLQJQRFRUURERUDWLQJHYLGHQFHZDVSUHVHQWHGWRVXSSRUW&KDVH¶V FODLPKLVDWWRUQH\GLUHFWHGKLPWROLH  ILQGLQJ&KDVHLVERXQGE\WKHXQHWKLFDO DFWLRQVRIKLVIRUPHUFRXQVHODQG  GHQ\LQJKLVPRWLRQZLWKRXWDSSRLQWLQJFRXQVHO DVUHTXHVWHG:HDIILUPLQSDUWUHYHUVHLQSDUWDQGUHPDQGIRUIXUWKHUSURFHHGLQJV , >@ ,QDMXU\FRQYLFWHG&KDVHRIJURVVVH[XDOLPSRVLWLRQ+HDSSHDOHGWRWKH 1RUWK'DNRWD6XSUHPH&RXUWDQGWKHFRQYLFWLRQZDVDIILUPHGState v. Chase 1' 1:G,Q6HSWHPEHU&KDVHILOHGDQDSSOLFDWLRQ IRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIZLWKWKHDVVLVWDQFHRISRVWFRQYLFWLRQFRXQVHODOOHJLQJ LQHIIHFWLYH DVVLVWDQFH RI WULDO FRXQVHO  6SHFLILFDOO\ &KDVH FODLPHG KH UHFHLYHG LQHIIHFWLYH DVVLVWDQFH RI FRXQVHO EHFDXVH KLV WULDO DWWRUQH\    IDLOHG WR ILOH D 1'5(YPRWLRQ   IDLOHGWRFRQGXFWSUHWULDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQDQGGLVFRYHU\   IDLOHGWRGHYHORSFULWLFDOZLWQHVVWHVWLPRQ\DWWULDO   IDLOHGWRGLVFORVHDFRQIOLFWRI LQWHUHVW DQG  LQVWUXFWHG&KDVHWROLHXQGHURDWK,Q1RYHPEHUWKHGLVWULFW FRXUWGHQLHG&KDVH¶VUHTXHVWHGUHOLHI&KDVHDSSHDOHGWKHFRXUW¶VRUGHUDQGWKLV &RXUWUHYHUVHGWKHRUGHUDQGUHPDQGHGIRUDQHYLGHQWLDU\KHDULQJChase v. State 1'  1:G$IWHUDQHYLGHQWLDU\KHDULQJWKHFRXUWGHQLHG &KDVH¶V DSSOLFDWLRQ RQ 'HFHPEHU   PDNLQJ ILQGLQJV RQ HDFK VSHFLILF DOOHJDWLRQRILQHIIHFWLYHDVVLVWDQFHRIFRXQVHO&KDVHDSSHDOHGWRWKH1RUWK'DNRWD 6XSUHPH&RXUWDQGWKHRUGHUZDVVXPPDULO\DIILUPHGEDVHGRQ&KDVH¶VIDLOXUHWR  VXSSO\DWUDQVFULSWRIWKHHYLGHQWLDU\KHDULQJChase v. State1'  1:G >@ 2Q1RYHPEHU&KDVHILOHGD1'5&LY3 E PRWLRQIRUUHOLHI IURPMXGJPHQWVHHNLQJUHOLHIIURPWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW¶V'HFHPEHURUGHU GHQ\LQJSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIDOOHJLQJKLVSRVWFRQYLFWLRQFRXQVHO   SURYLGHG LQHIIHFWLYHDVVLVWDQFHRIFRXQVHO   FRDFKHG&KDVHWROLHDWWKHHYLGHQWLDU\KHDULQJ   YLRODWHG HWKLFV UXOHV    YLRODWHG WKH UXOHV RI DSSHOODWH SURFHGXUH  DQG  DWWHPSWHGWRFRYHUXSKLVHUURUVE\DGYLVLQJ&KDVHQRWWRILOHDIHGHUDOKDEHDVFRUSXV SHWLWLRQ DQG  DWWHPSWHGWRFRQYLQFH&KDVHWROLHLQD1'5&ULP3PRWLRQ &KDVHDOVRDSSOLHGIRUFRXUWDSSRLQWHGFRXQVHO2Q1RYHPEHUWKH6WDWH UHVSRQGHGDVVHUWLQJWKHDIILUPDWLYHGHIHQVHVRIUHVMXGLFDWDDQGPLVXVHRISURFHVV ,Q 'HFHPEHU  &KDVH¶V SUHYLRXVO\ UHWDLQHG DWWRUQH\ PRYHG WR ZLWKGUDZ DV FRXQVHO,Q-DQXDU\ WKHFRXUWGHQLHGUHOLHIRQWKH1'5&LY3 E PRWLRQ ILQGLQJWKHPRWLRQZDVDFWXDOO\DQDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIDQGZDV WKHUHIRUHEDUUHGE\UHVMXGLFDWDDQGPLVXVHRISURFHVV&KDVHDSSHDOVIURPWKH FRXUW¶VRUGHU ,, >@ &HQWUDOWRWKHGLVSRVLWLRQRIWKLVDSSHDOLVZKHWKHU&KDVH¶V1'5&LY3 E PRWLRQZDVSURSHUO\FODVVLILHGDVDPRWLRQRULQVWHDGDVWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWIRXQGDV DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ IRU SRVWFRQYLFWLRQ UHOLHI  :H KDYH RQ RFFDVLRQ FRQVLGHUHG GHIHQGDQWV¶PRWLRQVDVDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIZKHQWKHGHIHQGDQWKDV DOUHDG\ILOHGDWOHDVWRQHSULRUDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHISee State v. Atkins 1' 1:G KROGLQJGHIHQGDQW¶VPRWLRQWRZLWKGUDZ KLVJXLOW\SOHDZDVDFWXDOO\KLVWKLUGDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIZKHQKH KDGSUHYLRXVO\ILOHGWZRDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHI State v. 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Bratcher1:G  1'  ³7KHEXUGHQLVRQWKHPRYDQWWRHVWDEOLVKE\FOHDUDQGFRQYLQFLQJHYLGHQFHWKDWthe adverse party REWDLQHG WKH MXGJPHQW WKURXJK IUDXG PLVUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RU PLVFRQGXFW´  HPSKDVLVDGGHG &KDVH¶VDWWRUQH\ZDVQRWDQDGYHUVHSDUW\7KH FRXUWIRXQG&KDVHZDVWU\LQJWRFLUFXPYHQWWKHSRVWFRQYLFWLRQSURFHVVE\PDVNLQJ  KLVUHTXHVWIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIDVDPRWLRQXQGHU1'5&LY3 E :H DJUHH >@ ,IZHZHUHWRDJUHHZLWK&KDVH¶VUHDVRQLQJWKDWKLV1'5&LY3 E PRWLRQ XQGHUWKHVHIDFWVLVQRWDQDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIWKHRXWFRPHUHQGHUV LQHIIHFWLYHWKHEDURQDWWDFNVRQSRVWFRQYLFWLRQFRXQVHOXQGHU1'&&     ZKLFK VWDWHV ³>D@Q DSSOLFDQW PD\ QRW FODLP FRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\ LQHIIHFWLYH DVVLVWDQFHRISRVWFRQYLFWLRQFRXQVHOLQSURFHHGLQJVXQGHUWKLVFKDSWHU´%DVHGRQWKH IDFWVRIWKLVFDVHZHDJUHHZLWKWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWWKDW&KDVH¶V³PRWLRQ´ZDVLQVWHDG KLVVHFRQGDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIZLWKUHVSHFWWRFODLPVDJDLQVWSRVW FRQYLFWLRQFRXQVHO¶VUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ ,,, >@ +DYLQJGHWHUPLQHGWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWGLGQRWHUULQWUHDWLQJ&KDVH¶VPRWLRQDV KLVVHFRQGDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHIZHWXUQWRKLVDUJXPHQWWKDWWKH FRXUW HUUHG E\ GHQ\LQJ KLV DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLWKRXW D KHDULQJ  &KDVH DUJXHV XQGHU 1'5&W D  KHZDVHQWLWOHGWRDKHDULQJDIWHUPDNLQJVHYHUDOUHTXHVWVIRURQH )LOLQJ DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ IRU SRVWFRQYLFWLRQ UHOLHI GRHV QRW DXWRPDWLFDOO\ HQWLWOH DQ DSSOLFDQWWRDQHYLGHQWLDU\KHDULQJ1'&&    >@ ³$QDSSOLFDQWIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQUHOLHILVRQO\µHQWLWOHGWRDQHYLGHQWLDU\ KHDULQJLIDUHDVRQDEOHLQIHUHQFHUDLVHVDJHQXLQHLVVXHRIPDWHULDOIDFW¶´St. Claire v. State1' 1:G  TXRWLQJCrumley v. State1' 1:G 8VXDOO\LWLVWKH6WDWH¶VVXPPDU\GLVPLVVDOPRWLRQWKDWSXWV WKHDSSOLFDQWWRKLVSURRIDQGVKLIWVWKHEXUGHQWRWKHDSSOLFDQWWRVXSSRUWKLVFODLPV ZLWKFRPSHWHQWDQGDGPLVVLEOHHYLGHQFHUDLVLQJDJHQXLQHLVVXHRIIDFWPeterka v. State1'1:G+HUHWKH6WDWH¶VUHSO\GLGQRWUHTXHVW VXPPDU\GLVPLVVDO >@ :HKDYHUHFRJQL]HGWKDW³>D@GLVPLVVDORIDQDSSOLFDWLRQIRUSRVWFRQYLFWLRQ UHOLHIZLWKRXWDKHDULQJLVDVXPPDU\GHQLDOZKHWKHUEDVHGRQ1'&&    RU1'&&  ´Kaiser v. State1'  1:G  8QGHU1'&&   WKHGLVWULFWFRXUWPD\HQWHUDMXGJPHQWGHQ\LQJD PHULWOHVVDSSOLFDWLRQRQLWVRZQPRWLRQEHIRUHWKH6WDWHUHVSRQGVOurada v. State  1' 1:G:KHQWKH6WDWHUHVSRQGVWRDQDSSOLFDWLRQ VXPPDU\GLVPLVVDORQWKHFRXUW¶VRZQPRWLRQLVQRORQJHUDQRSWLRQXQGHU1'&&    Id:HKDYHDOVRUHFRJQL]HGWKDWZKHQDSDUW\PRYHVIRUGLVPLVVDO DQDSSOLFDQWLVHQWLWOHGWRQRWLFHDQGDQRSSRUWXQLW\WREHKHDUGId.DW  Chisholm v. 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