Title: Sayers v. City of Mobile

State: alabama

Issuer: Alabama Supreme Court

Document:

165 So. 2d 371 (1964)
J. E. SAYERS
v.
CITY OF MOBILE.
1 Div. 176.

Supreme Court of Alabama.
May 28, 1964.
*372 Tonsmeire & McFadden, Mobile, for appellant.
Wm. R. Lauten and Peter J. Palughi, Mobile, for appellee.
SIMPSON, Justice.
This is the second appeal in this case, both from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Mobile County, granting the City's motion for a new trial in a condemnation case.
The following statement of the case taken from the prior decision reported at 274 Ala. 77, 145 So. 2d 807, will be sufficient for an understanding of the background of the case:
The prior appeal resulted in a reversal of Judge McCall's judgment granting a new trial because it did not appear that the evidence taken on the trial of the case had been re-introduced on the hearing of the motion for new trial. The case was remanded and from the judgment granting the new trial after remandment, this second appeal has been taken by the condemnee.
It is first appropriate to point out that we are dealing with a case where the new trial was granted by a judge other than the one who tried the case. In this situation there is no presumption to aid the judgment on the motion. As recently as March 19, 1964, this court stated the rule:
We must therefore look to the evidence to determine whether or not Judge Stanard's judgment was supported by the evidence. It is not questioned that the City had the right to condemn the land. All of the evidence adduced at the trial concerned the value of the lands before and after the taking and the damages to which the defendant, condemnee, was entitled.
The City's motion for new trial contained 32 grounds which can be reduced to four points:
We shall consider these, although not necessarily in the order stated.
The land involved consisted of some 55 acres lying between Cottage Hill Road and Pleasant Valley Road within the city limits of Mobile. The property fronts a new Belt Line Highway.
The canal for which the property was condemned takes about one-fifth of the tract of land and divides it into two parcels, leaving approximately 18 acres east of the canal and a larger 27-acre tract west of the canal. Twenty acres of the land remaining is being used as a temporary spoil easement for two years. The record discloses that the city presented one expert witness to testify as to the value of the property. The land owner presented three experts to testify on the same subject. All of the expert witnesses agreed that the land owner lost the value of the 11 acres actually taken and suffered a diminished value with regard to the 27 acres remaining west of the canal.
The witness who testified for the City admitted that he appraised the property for residential purposes and did not consider its value for commercial purposes, although conceding that the property would be more valuable for commercial purposes. Appellant's witnesses considered the best use of the property as commercial and based their estimates accordingly. The property had been recently annexed to the City and at that time was zoned residential. There was, however, evidence to the effect that the zoning would be changed to commercial. In fact, a portion of it had been so changed.
We find ourselves in agreement with the condemnee's view that he was entitled to consideration on the basis of the highest and best use to which the property could be put. Speaking on this subject we have said:
We find nothing inherently objectionable about allowing the landowner to introduce evidence on the likelihood of a change in a zoning restriction within the foreseeable future. The text writers support the practice in limited instances:
The City contends that the drainage canal was a part of the Belt Line Highway and therefore it was entitled to show under Title 19, § 14, Code of Ala. 1940, that the remaining portion of the property had been enhanced in value, thereby mitigating the damage suffered as a result of the condemnation. This is purely a factual matter and there is ample evidence to the effect that the highway and canal were two distinct projects and that the condemnation proceedings for each were initiated by different governmental agencies at different times. The trial judge so found and we must not substitute our judgment for his. See Simmons v. F. W. Dodge Corp., 270 Ala. 616, 120 So. 2d 921. There was no error *375 then in his refusing evidence of enhancement in this proceeding since the evidence supports a finding that this was not a condemnation for a public highway.
The City's final contention is that the trial court erred to reversal in allowing evidence of sales of other lands to determine the value of the lands in question. This Court has adopted the so-called "Massachusetts Rule" on this issue (see 118 A.L.R. 869), to the effect that evidence of other sales of property is admissible as an aid to determining the value of condemned land if "the conditions surrounding the two tracts of land are similar and if the sale was neither too remote in point of time nor of such a character as to indicate that it did not represent the true value of the property". See Southern Electric Generating Co. v. Leibacher, 269 Ala. 9, 110 So. 2d 308, 315, where we stated:
Here the court heard evidence on the sale of other lands in the immediate vicinity after several witnesses had testified that there was no physical change or market change in the intervening period (one month in one casefive months in another). It is within the trial court's discretion to determine whether the evidence is too remote and its ruling in that regard, unless plainly erroneous, is not revisable on appeal.
Perhaps we have belabored this case too long already since the record clearly indicates that the evidence as to damages was in conflict, some of the evidence showing that the landowner had suffered damages considerably in excess of the verdict and other evidence considerably less than the verdict. In the view we take of the case, every presumption must be indulged in favor of the trial court's finding even though we might have reached a different conclusion on the exact evidence, and this is particularly true with regard to a trial court's findings as to value or amount of damages. Alabama Pecan Development Co. v. Case, 266 Ala. 471, 97 So. 2d 537; Ala.Dig., Appeal & Error, et seq.
It follows that the judgment granting the new trial is reversed and the judgment for defendant is reinstated.
Reversed and rendered with directions.
LIVINGSTON, C. J., and MERRILL and HARWOOD, JJ., concur.