Title: Ex Parte Bush

State: alabama

Issuer: Alabama Supreme Court

Document:

695 So. 2d 138 (1997)
Ex Parte William BUSH.
(Re William Bush v. State).
1950959.

Supreme Court of Alabama.
April 18, 1997.
Stephen R. Glassroth of Glassroth & Associates, P.C., Montgomery, and James R. Seale of Robison & Belser, P.A., Montgomery, for petitioner.
Bill Pryor, Atty. Gen., and Michael B. Billingsley, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.
MADDOX, Justice.
The opinion of January 24, 1997, is withdrawn and the following opinion is substituted therefor.
William Bush was originally convicted on November 18, 1981, of the capital offense of murder committed during the commission of a robbery, Ala.Code 1975, § 13A-5-40(a)(2), and was sentenced to death. Following appeals and retrials, he was convicted a third time on February 1, 1991, and a third time was sentenced to death. The facts and history of this case are sufficiently set out in the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeals. See Bush v. State, 695 So. 2d 70 (Ala.Crim. App.1995).
The Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Bush's conviction and death sentence and subsequently overruled his application for rehearing. We granted certiorari review pursuant to Rule 39(c), Ala.R.App.P.
Rule 39(k), Ala.R.App.P., provides that "[i]n all cases in which the death penalty has been imposed, upon review of the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeals on certiorari, the Supreme Court may notice any plain error or defect in the proceeding under review, whether or not brought to the attention of the trial court, and take appropriate appellate action by reason thereof, whenever such error has or probably has adversely affected the substantial rights of the petitioner." See also Ex parte Waldrop, 459 So. 2d 959 (Ala. 1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1030, 105 S. Ct. 2050, 85 L. Ed. 2d 323 (1985). "`Plain error' arises only if the error is so obvious that the failure to notice it would seriously affect the fairness or integrity of the judicial proceeding. United States v. Chaney, 662 F.2d 1148, 1152 (5th Cir.1981). See also Ex parte Womack, 435 So. 2d 766 (Ala.1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 986, 104 S. Ct. 436, 78 L. Ed. 2d 367 *139 (1983)." Ex parte Adkins, 600 So. 2d 1067, 1068-69 (Ala.1992), quoting Ex parte Bankhead, 585 So. 2d 112, 117 (Ala.1991). Accordingly, this Court has reviewed the record for any error that would have seriously affected the fairness or integrity of the judicial proceedings. See Ex parte Lawhorn, 581 So. 2d 1179 (Ala.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 970, 112 S. Ct. 445, 116 L. Ed. 2d 463 (1991).
The Court of Criminal Appeals, in its opinion, addressed each of the issues that Bush raised, and, based upon our review of that opinion and the record on appeal, and after considering the arguments made in Bush's brief and at oral arguments, we hold that the judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeals is due to be affirmed.
Bush makes several "plain error" arguments that neither the trial court nor the Court of Criminal Appeals addressed; only one of those calls for any discussion here. That argument is that Bush's incarceration for 16 years awaiting the execution of his death sentence constitutes cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
Bush relies primarily upon Lackey v. Scott, 885 F. Supp. 958 (W.D.Tex.1995), a case in which an inmate claimed that his lengthy incarceration on death row constituted cruel and unusual punishment. There, the federal district court stayed the execution in order to address the issue, but the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the stay, holding that this particular claim was barred. See Lackey v. Scott, 52 F.3d 98 (5th Cir.1995). On Lackey's petition, the Supreme Court issued a per curiam order granting a stay of execution "pending the district court's consideration of petitioner's petition for a writ of habeas corpus." Lackey v. Scott, 514 U.S. 1093, 115 S. Ct. 1818, 131 L. Ed. 2d 741 (1995). The district court, based upon Fearance v. Scott, 56 F.3d 633 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 115 S. Ct. 2603, 132 L. Ed. 2d 847 (1995) (which held that the legal theory underlying a Lackey claim is not novel and thus does not meet the novelty exception to the abuse-of-the-writ doctrine), dismissed Lackey's claim as an abuse of the writ. See 83 F.3d  at 117. On appeal, the Fifth Circuit affirmed, holding that "Lackey's claim ... fails on the merits, because White [v. Johnson, 79 F.3d 432 (5th Cir.1996), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 117 S. Ct. 275, 136 L. Ed. 2d 198 (1996)], holds that inordinate delay in carrying out an execution does not violate the prisoner's Eighth Amendment rights. Id. at 439." Lackey v. Johnson, 83 F.3d 116, 117 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 117 S. Ct. 276, 136 L. Ed. 2d 198 (1996).
Nevertheless, the same issue has also been addressed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in McKenzie v. Day, 57 F.3d 1461 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 514 U.S. 1104, 115 S. Ct. 1840, 131 L. Ed. 2d 846 (1995), where McKenzie, the petitioner, argued that a 20-year delay in the execution of his death sentence amounted to cruel, unusual, and arbitrary punishment. The Ninth Circuit stated:
57 F.3d  at 1466-69. In its note 16, the McKenzie court stated:
57 F.3d  at 1468.
Based on the foregoing, we find no merit in Bush's argument that the same constitutional protections that have kept him from being executed for the past 16 years are simultaneously violating his constitutional rights.
OPINION OF JANUARY 24, 1997, WITHDRAWN; OPINION SUBSTITUTED; *141 APPLICATION OVERRULED; AFFIRMED.
HOOPER, C.J., and SHORES, COOK, and BUTTS, JJ., concur.
HOUSTON, J., concurs specially.
HOUSTON, Justice (concurring specially).
I write only to address the penalty phase of the trial. This Court must determine "whether death was the proper sentence in the case." Ala.Code 1975, § 13A-5-53(a). The jury returned a unanimous verdict recommending life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. See Smith v. Schulte, 671 So. 2d  at 1334 (Houston, J., dissenting); Ex parte Jackson, 672 So. 2d 810 (Ala.1995), cert. denied, Jackson v. Alabama, ___ U.S.___ 116 S. Ct. 2505, 135 L. Ed. 2d 195 (1996) (Houston, J., concurring in the result); Ex parte Giles, 632 So. 2d 577, 587 (Ala.1993), cert. denied, Giles v. Alabama, 512 U.S. 1213, 114 S. Ct. 2694, 129 L. Ed. 2d 825 (1994) (Houston, J., concurring in the result); and Henderson v. Alabama Power Co., 627 So. 2d 878 (Ala.1993) (Houston, J., dissenting, at 904-14).