Title: Murphy v. Smith

State: virginia

Issuer: Virginia Supreme Court

Document:

VIRGINIA:  
 
 
In the Supreme Court of Virginia held at the Supreme Court Building in the  
City of Richmond on Friday the 23rd day of August, 2019.  
 
BEFORE: All the Justices 
 
Gregory Devon Murphy, 
 
 
 
 
Petitioner, 
 
 against 
Record No. 181522 
 
 
Mary Clare Rehak Smith, Western State Hospital,  
 
 
Respondent. 
  
 
Upon Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus 
 
 
 
Upon consideration of the petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed November 27, 2018, 
the respondent’s motion to dismiss, petitioner’s reply to the motion to dismiss, the April 3 and 
24, 2019 rules to show cause, and petitioner’s and respondent’s responses to the rules to show 
cause, the Court is of the opinion the petition should be dismissed. 
 
In 2000, petitioner was indicted in the City of Alexandria for capital murder and two 
counts of malicious wounding.1  Shortly thereafter, petitioner was deemed incompetent to stand 
trial, thus initiating almost fifteen years of efforts to restore him to competency.  In 2014, the 
Circuit Court for the City of Alexandria (“circuit court”) found petitioner “is likely to remain 
incompetent for the foreseeable future” under Code § 19.2-169.3(A).  Accordingly, pursuant to 
Code § 19.2-169.3(F), the circuit court began ordering petitioner to a series of six-month periods 
of confinement in a state psychiatric hospital for “continued treatment.”  On May 11, 2018, the 
circuit court entered one such order (“May 11 order”). 
 
Petitioner now challenges the legality of his confinement under the May 11 order and, 
ultimately, requests dismissal of his capital murder indictment.  Starting from the premise that 
the May 11 order was not supported by sufficient evidence that (1) petitioner’s continued 
                                                 
1 Petitioner’s indictments for malicious wounding were dismissed in 2006 pursuant to 
Code § 19.2-169.3(D), which requires the dismissal of noncapital charges against an incompetent 
criminal defendant after a certain amount of time has expired. 
  
2 
 
treatment is “medically appropriate” or (2) he remains a danger to himself or others, petitioner 
contends his detention under Code § 19.2-169.3(F) is no longer statutorily or constitutionally 
permissible.  In turn, petitioner appears to argue that, absent valid confinement under Code 
§ 19.2-169.3(F), his pre-trial detention pursuant to only his remaining capital indictment would 
be unconstitutional because there is no possibility he will be restored to competency to stand 
trial.  Accordingly, as stated by petitioner, his claim to habeas relief rises and falls on his 
establishing that, when issuing the May 11 order, the circuit court incorrectly determined the 
Commonwealth presented evidence satisfying the two requirements of Code § 19.2-169.3(F) 
enumerated above. 
 
Considering the construction of petitioner’s claim, we conclude the petition must be 
dismissed because an “order entered in the petitioner’s favor will [not] result in a court order 
that, on its face and standing alone, will directly impact the duration of the petitioner’s 
confinement.”  Carrol v. Johnson, 278 Va. 683, 693 (2009).  Petitioner did not file his habeas 
petition until more than six months after the circuit court issued the May 11 order.  On 
November 30, 2018, three days after petitioner filed his petition, the circuit court held a hearing 
and entered a new order confining him for an additional six-month period under Code § 19.2-
169.3(F) (“November 30 order”).  The November 30 order continued petitioner’s case to May 
30, 2019.  Although neither party has provided further updates on petitioner’s status, we presume 
petitioner is now confined pursuant to another order under Code § 19.2-169.3(F) that will expire 
in late November or early December 2019.2 
 
Accordingly, since petitioner filed his habeas petition, his confinement pursuant to the 
May 11 order has ended and the circuit court has twice received evidence and reexamined 
whether petitioner satisfies the factual requirements of Code § 19.2-169.3(F), including that his 
continued treatment is “medically appropriate” and that he presents a danger to himself or 
others.3  In doing so, the circuit court was required to review competency reports and hold 
hearings prior to each new order of confinement.  See Code § 19.2-169.1(D)-(E).    
                                                 
2 It is unclear why petitioner has not deemed it necessary to move to amend his petition 
or otherwise address these seemingly material developments in his circumstances. 
3 Effective July 1, 2019, Code § 19.2-169.3(F) was amended in several respects, none of 
which bear directly on our resolution of the present petition. 
 
3 
 
Consequently, petitioner is not currently detained pursuant to the May 11 order or the evidence 
supporting it.  Thus, a determination by this Court that the May 11 order was incorrect or 
improper cannot, “on its face and standing alone, . . . directly impact” petitioner’s present 
confinement.  Carrol, 278 Va. at 693. 
 
It is therefore ordered that the petition be dismissed.  This dismissal is without prejudice 
to petitioner filing a habeas petition challenging a current order of confinement under Code 
§ 19.2-169.3(F) or his seeking expedited review so as to permit timely resolution of his claim.  
Further, by virtue of this order, we offer no opinion on whether petitioner’s claim is otherwise 
properly before this Court.  Petitioner’s present habeas petition is the latest of several 
unsuccessful direct and collateral attacks on his confinement under Code § 19.2-169.3(F), thus 
raising the possibility his claim is procedurally barred because he has raised or could have raised 
it in a previous proceeding.  Upon further consideration whereof, the rules are discharged. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                A Copy, 
 
 
 
          
                    Teste: 
 
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Douglas B. Robelen, Clerk