Title: Com. v. Long

State: pennsylvania

Issuer: Pennsylvania Supreme Court

Document:

397 Pa. Superior Ct. 140 (1990) 579 A.2d 970 COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. William A. LONG, Appellant. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Submitted June 25, 1990. Filed August 20, 1990. *141 Stanton D. Levenson, Pittsburgh, for appellant. James R. Gilmore, Asst. Dist. Atty., Pittsburgh, for Com., appellee. Before CIRILLO, President Judge, and POPOVICH and HESTER, JJ. HESTER, Judge: This is a direct appeal from the judgment of sentence of ten to twenty years imprisonment entered following appellant's conviction by a jury of murder of the third degree. We affirm. Appellant, William Long, was convicted on May 3, 1989, for the shooting death of Jonathan Bailey on August 20, 1988. Following the denial of post-verdict motions, appellant was sentenced. This timely appeal followed. Appellant presents one issue for our review: The jury in the instant case did receive instructions on first degree murder, third degree murder, and voluntary manslaughter. Defense counsel requested a jury instruction on involuntary manslaughter which the trial court denied. Since the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decisions in Commonwealth v. White, 490 Pa. 179, 415 A.2d 399 (1980), *142 and Commonwealth v. Williams, 490 Pa. 187, 415 A.2d 403 (1980), it has been settled that "in a murder prosecution, an involuntary manslaughter charge shall be given only when requested, and where the offense has been made an issue in the case and the trial evidence reasonably would support such a verdict." Id., 490 Pa. at 185, 415 A.2d at 402; 490 Pa. at 190, 415 A.2d at 404. Appellant contends that the evidence offered at trial would have supported a verdict for involuntary manslaughter. In support of this claim, he relies upon Commonwealth v. Terrell, 482 Pa. 303, 393 A.2d 1117 (1978), contending that the similar facts of Terrell compel the conclusion that the facts in this case rationally would sustain such a verdict. Appellant also asserts that the trial court in the instant case applied an improper standard when determining whether an involuntary manslaughter charge was warranted. He contends that the court failed to view the facts in a light most favorable to him and instead credited the Commonwealth's version of the facts. In support of this claim, appellant quotes the trial court's statement that appellant "ran for several hundred feet, took careful aim, and calmly delivered the fatal act of violence." Appellant's brief at 15, quoting trial court opinion at 18. Appellant asserts that such a statement ignores appellant's own testimony that he did not crouch down or drop down to fire the gun. Even considering only appellant's evidence, however, it is clear that the facts presented did not warrant an involuntary manslaughter charge. Appellant's own summary of the facts, as stated in his brief, are as follows. Appellant's brief at 5-8 (citations to the record and footnotes omitted). The trial court's statement in its opinion that appellant "took careful aim, and calmly delivered the fatal act of violence" is a reference to the testimony of four eyewitnesses to the shooting who testified that when appellant fired the fatal shot as he chased the victim across the football field, he knelt down, crouched down, or squatted down and aimed at the victim and shot him in the back. Even if we were to disregard the testimony that appellant crouched down when he fired, the evidence clearly does not support a jury charge or verdict as to involuntary manslaughter. A person is guilty of involuntary manslaughter "when as a direct result of the doing of an unlawful act in a reckless or grossly negligent manner . . . he causes the death of another person." 18 Pa.C.S. § 2504(a). The testimony at trial, instead, is sufficient to prove an intentional or unintentional malicious killing. Appellant's own testimony at trial established that he fired two shots into the ground as the victim attempted to exit the Eackles' vehicle in order "to stop him." Notes of Testimony (N.T.), 2/2/89, at 693. He *146 testified that he fired the third shot into the victim's back as the victim tried to run away. Id. at 694. Appellant never stated why he directed the third shot at the victim. He contended only that he shouted, "Stop, if this is what you want, stop, mother f----" Id. Appellant never stated that he fired the third shot in order to stop the victim. Even if appellant had made such a claim, however, it would not support his contention that involuntary manslaughter was at issue. It is ludicrous to suggest that appellant recklessly and negligently chased the victim onto a field and fired a shot into the fleeing victim's back from thirty yards away simply to stop him. See also Commonwealth v. Williams, supra (in light of the facts, it is ludicrous to suggest that the defendant recklessly or negligently struck twelve blows with an iron pipe to the blind victim's head). Furthermore, appellant's reliance on Commonwealth v. Terrell, supra, is misplaced. We note initially that the opinion in Terrell, authored by Justice Pomeroy, was joined only by Chief Justice Eagen. Four other justices concurred with three concurring opinions. Further, the Terrell decision predated White and Williams by two years. More importantly, however, the facts in Terrell are significantly different from the instant facts. In Terrell, the defendant and his friend, Richard Alexander, were playing cards when the defendant accused Alexander of cheating. Alexander took the money on the table and left. Later, the defendant, who was unarmed, found Alexander at a jitney station and asked to speak to him. Alexander suggested that they step outside, whereupon he pulled a gun on the defendant. Terrell testified that he knew Alexander to carry a knife and believed him to be pulling out the knife, not a gun. When he saw the gun, the defendant panicked, grabbed it, and shot Alexander. It is clear that the jury could have found that although Terrell had no intention to kill or seriously harm Alexander, his conduct nevertheless was reckless in that "he consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk that death or serious bodily injury might result to Alexander *147 after he `snatched' the gun." Commonwealth v. Terrell, supra, 482 Pa. at 309, 393 A.2d at 1120. We disagree with appellant that Terrell is indistinguishable from the present case. The similarities appellant underscores, see appellant's brief at 14, are insignificant. In the present case, appellant, by his own testimony, was not an unarmed man involved in a close-quarters physical altercation with another man who just had drawn his own weapon. Instead, appellant's testimony reveals that he sought out the victim and approached him in an angry manner, that he did not fear the victim, that he purposely brought his fully loaded semi-automatic hand gun which he concealed in his pants, that when appellant confronted the victim, Bailey stated he did not want to talk to appellant and removed himself to a nearby automobile, that appellant pursued the victim to the car and pulled him out by the legs, that he shot into the ground twice when he was five or six feet away from Bailey to stop him, that the victim ran away and appellant pursued him, and finally, after Bailey had fled over a wall, across a courtyard and into a field, appellant fired a third shot into the victim's back as he tried to escape. We agree with the Commonwealth that by appellant's own testimony, in firing the third shot into the victim's back as he tried to run away, appellant has not placed into issue whether he was acting in a reckless or grossly negligent manner as is required for a finding of involuntary manslaughter. Instead, appellant demonstrated that his firing of the third shot was employed with conscious thought and with no explanation as to why he fired it. As such, the trial court was correct in denying appellant's requested jury instruction on involuntary manslaughter. Judgment of sentence affirmed.