Title: Disciplinary Counsel v. Adelstein

State: ohio

Issuer: Ohio Supreme Court

Document:

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as 
Disciplinary Counsel v. Adelstein, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3000.] 
 
 
 
NOTICE 
This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an 
advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports.  Readers are requested to 
promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65 
South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other 
formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before 
the opinion is published. 
 
 
SLIP OPINION NO. 2020-OHIO-3000 
DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL v. ADELSTEIN. 
[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it 
may be cited as Disciplinary Counsel v. Adelstein, Slip Opinion No.  
2020-Ohio-3000.] 
Attorneys—Misconduct—Violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct, 
including engaging in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or 
misrepresentation—Conditionally stayed one-year suspension. 
(No. 2019-0801—Submitted November 13, 2019—Decided May 21, 2020.) 
ON CERTIFIED REPORT by the Board of Professional Conduct of the Supreme 
Court, No. 2018-058. 
______________ 
Per Curiam. 
{¶ 1} Respondent, Carol Beth Adelstein, of Cleveland, Ohio, Attorney 
Registration No. 0040546, was admitted to the practice of law in Ohio in 1988.  We 
have suspended her license to practice law on two prior occasions for failing to 
timely pay attorney-registration fees.  See In re Attorney Registration Suspension 
of Adelstein, 116 Ohio St.3d 1420, 2007-Ohio-6463, 877 N.E.2d 305; In re Attorney 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
2
Registration Suspension of Adelstein, 130 Ohio St.3d 1420, 2011-Ohio-5627, 956 
N.E.2d 310. 
{¶ 2} In a March 21, 2019 amended complaint, relator, disciplinary counsel, 
charged Adelstein with multiple violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct 
arising from the mismanagement of two client trust accounts.  The complaint 
alleged that from April 2014 through January 2019, Adelstein accumulated 19 
account-overdraft and insufficient-funds notifications. 
{¶ 3} The parties entered into stipulations of fact, misconduct, and 
aggravating and mitigating factors and agreed that the appropriate sanction for 
Adelstein’s misconduct is a conditionally stayed one-year suspension.  After 
conducting a hearing, a panel of the Board of Professional Conduct issued a report 
adopting the parties’ stipulations of fact, finding that Adelstein committed the 
stipulated misconduct, and recommending that she be suspended from the practice 
of law for one year, with six months of the suspension stayed on the conditions 
recommended by the parties.  The board adopted the panel’s report and 
recommendation. 
{¶ 4} Adelstein objects to the board’s recommended sanction, arguing that 
a fully stayed suspension is more appropriate in this case.  For the reasons that 
follow, we sustain Adelstein’s objection and suspend her from the practice of law 
for one year, fully stayed on conditions. 
Misconduct 
Count One: General Mismanagement of Client Trust Account 
{¶ 5} On April 15, 2014, and May 2, 2015, Adelstein did not have enough 
funds in her KeyBank client trust account to pay for two checks that she had written.  
On December 5, 2015, Adelstein executed an affidavit admitting that she had not 
managed her client trust account as required by the Rules of Professional Conduct.  
However, relator found that Adelstein had neither converted client funds nor had 
she harmed any of her clients.  Accordingly, relator closed the investigation after 
January Term, 2020 
 
3
obtaining Adelstein’s sworn assurances that going forward, she would comply with 
the requirements of Prof.Cond.R. 1.15 regarding her client trust account.  Adelstein 
also understood that her affidavit and any evidence that relator collected as a result 
of that investigation could be used against her in future prosecutions. 
{¶ 6} In September 2016, KeyBank informed relator that Adelstein’s client 
trust account once again contained insufficient funds to pay a $135 check that she 
had made payable to PetSmart.  Relator opened a new investigation and 
subsequently received five additional overdraft notifications from KeyBank, all of 
which were attempts by VW Credit to debit $300 payments from Adelstein’s client 
trust account.  KeyBank honored the first payment request, which created an 
overdraft, and then rejected the remaining requests due to insufficient funds.  In 
September 2017, KeyBank rejected two more payment requests—both from Cash 
Central Ohio Loan. 
{¶ 7} Adelstein generally cooperated with relator’s investigation.  Although 
her responses were not always timely or complete, she complied with relator’s 
subpoena duces tecum and was deposed in December 2017. 
{¶ 8} Throughout the investigation and the resulting disciplinary 
proceedings, Adelstein attributed the successive overdrafts of her client trust 
account to the effects of her multiple sclerosis and the medication she had been 
prescribed to treat it.  And although she did not recall writing the $135 check to 
PetSmart, she acknowledged that the check must have been written for the payment 
of a personal expense.  Adelstein also admitted that the attempted payments to VW 
Credit and Cash Central Ohio Loan were for personal expenses but that she thought 
she had authorized VW Credit to debit only one payment from her client trust 
account.  She acknowledged that KeyBank had closed her personal and operating 
accounts for excessive overdraft activity. 
{¶ 9} Adelstein also admitted to depositing the proceeds of personal loans 
into her client trust account, commingling personal and client funds in the account 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
4
at times, and failing to maintain a general ledger for the KeyBank account.  
Additionally, she admitted to failing to deposit unearned fees from two clients into 
her client trust account.  And, although Adelstein initially denied it, she eventually 
admitted to failing to reconcile her KeyBank client trust account on a monthly basis. 
{¶ 10} The parties stipulated and the board found that Adelstein’s conduct 
violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.15(a)  (requiring a lawyer to hold the property of clients in 
an interest-bearing client trust account, separate from the lawyer’s own property), 
1.15(a)(3) (requiring a lawyer to maintain a record for the lawyer’s client trust 
account, setting forth the name of the account, the date, amount, and client affected 
by each credit and debit, and the balance in the account), 1.15(a)(5) (requiring a 
lawyer to perform and retain a monthly reconciliation of the funds held in the 
lawyer’s client trust account), 1.15(b) (permitting a lawyer to deposit his or her own 
funds in a client trust account for the sole purpose of paying or obtaining a waiver 
of bank service charges), and 1.15(c) (requiring a lawyer to deposit advance legal 
fees and expenses into a client trust account, to be withdrawn by the lawyer only as 
fees are earned or expenses incurred).  The parties also stipulated and the board 
found that Adelstein’s conduct was sufficiently egregious to constitute a violation 
of Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(h) (prohibiting a lawyer from engaging in conduct that 
adversely reflects on the lawyer’s fitness to practice law).  See Disciplinary Counsel 
v. Bricker, 137 Ohio St.3d 35, 2013-Ohio-3998, 997 N.E.2d 500, ¶ 21.  We adopt 
these findings of misconduct. 
Count Two: Mismanagement of Disputed Funds 
{¶ 11} In early October 2018, relator was notified by KeyBank that it had 
declined three separate $3,500 electronic-payment requests from a company named 
Square1 due to Adelstein’s client trust account containing insufficient funds.  By 
                                                          
 
1.  Square is a business that allows individuals and small businesses to accept credit-card payments 
over the Internet remotely or by swiping a customer’s credit card through a small card reader that 
may 
be 
attached 
to 
a 
cell 
phone 
or 
tablet 
computer. 
 
See 
January Term, 2020 
 
5
that time, Adelstein had opened a second client trust account at PNC Bank.  And in 
mid-October, PNC Bank informed relator that it had declined a $1,570.15 
electronic-payment request from Square due to Adelstein’s client trust account at 
that bank containing only $127.23. 
{¶ 12} Adelstein responded to relator’s letters of inquiry and stated that the 
overdrafts arose from a fee dispute with a former client, Jason Kubick.  She reported 
that Kubick had paid a $3,500 retainer by credit card through Square, which had 
been deposited into her KeyBank client trust account.  Subsequently, Adelstein 
withdrew $3,100 of the $3,500 from her KeyBank client trust account as earned 
fees.  Adelstein’s attorney-client relationship with Kubick eventually became 
hostile and confrontational, and Adelstein ended up withdrawing as Kubick’s 
attorney.  Kubick then attempted to reverse his entire payment of $3,500 through 
Square and Adelstein’s KeyBank client trust account.  But when Square informed 
Adelstein that it would be withdrawing $3,500 from her KeyBank client trust 
account, Adelstein failed to inform Square that that account contained insufficient 
funds.  Moreover, Adelstein provided Square with the account number for her PNC 
Bank client trust account, even though none of the $3,500 had ever been deposited 
into that account. 
{¶ 13} Adelstein stipulated that by failing to redeposit any of Kubick’s 
retainer into her KeyBank client trust account pending the resolution of the fee 
dispute, she violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.15(e) (requiring a lawyer in possession of 
funds in which two or more persons, one of whom may be the lawyer, claim an 
interest to hold those funds in the lawyer’s client trust account until the dispute is 
resolved).  She also stipulated that she engaged in dishonest conduct in violation of 
Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) (prohibiting a lawyer from engaging in conduct involving 
dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation) when she provided Square with 
                                                          
 
https://squareup.com/us/en/hardware/contactless-chip-reader 
(accessed 
Mar. 
3, 
2020) 
[https://perma.cc/E9RH-YWXU]. 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
6
information that allowed the company to withdraw funds from her PNC Bank client 
trust account—even though she knew that Kubick’s retainer had not been deposited 
into that account.  In addition, Adelstein stipulated that she failed to perform and 
retain a monthly reconciliation of her KeyBank and PNC Bank client trust accounts 
from September 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019, in violation of Prof.Cond.R. 
1.15(a)(5).  The board found that Adelstein committed the stipulated misconduct, 
and we adopt those findings. 
Recommended Sanction 
{¶ 14} When recommending the sanctions to be imposed for attorney 
misconduct, the board considers all relevant factors, including the ethical duties 
that the lawyer violated, the aggravating and mitigating factors listed in Gov.Bar R. 
V(13), and the sanctions imposed in similar cases. 
{¶ 15} The parties stipulated that two aggravating factors are present—
Adelstein has four instances of prior discipline and she engaged in multiple offenses 
in this case.  See Gov.Bar R. V(13)(B)(1) and (4).  The board accepted those 
stipulations but found that Adelstein had only two instances of prior discipline.2  
The board also found an additional aggravating factor—that Adelstein acted with a 
dishonest or selfish motive by paying personal expenses from her client trust 
account because she was experiencing personal financial hardship.  See Gov.Bar R. 
V(13)(B)(2). 
{¶ 16} As mitigating factors, the board adopted the parties’ stipulations that 
Adelstein made full and free disclosure to the board, demonstrated a cooperative 
attitude toward the disciplinary proceedings, and caused no harm to her clients or 
other persons.  See Gov.Bar R. V(13)(C)(4).  The board also attributed some 
mitigating effect to letters from two of Adelstein’s clients that attested to her 
                                                          
 
2.  Pursuant to Gov.Bar R. X(17)(C), the monetary penalties imposed in 2010 and 2012 for 
Adelstein’s failure to timely satisfy continuing-legal-education requirements do not constitute prior 
discipline.   
January Term, 2020 
 
7
competence and capability as an attorney.  However, the board rejected the parties’ 
stipulation that Adelstein did not have a dishonest or selfish motive and also 
declined to attribute any mitigating effect to Adelstein’s multiple sclerosis or to the 
effects of any medications that she had been prescribed to treat that illness. 
{¶ 17} The parties agreed that the appropriate sanction for Adelstein’s 
misconduct is a one-year suspension, fully stayed on the conditions that she 
complete at least six hours of continuing legal education (“CLE”) focused on client-
trust-account management and recordkeeping, serve a two-year period of 
monitored probation focused on law-office and client-trust-account management, 
and commit no further misconduct. 
{¶ 18} The board reviewed several cases in which we imposed fully stayed 
one-year suspensions on attorneys who used their client trust accounts to pay for 
personal and business expenses.  See, e.g., Disciplinary Counsel v. Daniell, 140 
Ohio St.3d 67, 2014-Ohio-3161, 14 N.E.3d 1040 (after averring that he would 
rectify deficient accounting practices in exchange for the dismissal of an earlier 
disciplinary investigation, the attorney continued to commingle personal funds with 
client funds in his client trust account, used it as a personal account, and overdrew 
the account); Disciplinary Counsel v. Johnston,  121 Ohio St.3d 403, 2009-Ohio-
1432, 904 N.E.2d 892 (the attorney commingled personal funds with client funds 
in his client trust account, used the account to pay personal and business expenses, 
overdrew the account 22 times, and bounced a check to a client). 
{¶ 19} However, the board found that the facts of this case were most 
closely aligned with those of Disciplinary Counsel v. Alexander, 133 Ohio St.3d 
232, 2012-Ohio-4575, 977 N.E.2d 633.  In Alexander, we suspended an attorney 
for one year and stayed six months of the suspension on conditions for depositing 
personal funds into his client trust account, using the account to pay personal and 
business expenses, failing to maintain a ledger of client funds, failing to routinely 
reconcile his client trust account, and splitting a fee with a lawyer who was not in 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
8
the same firm and without the client’s consent.  Based on Alexander, the board 
recommended that we suspend Adelstein from the practice of law for one year and 
stay six months of the suspension on the conditions recommended by the parties. 
Adelstein’s Objection 
{¶ 20} Adelstein objects to the board’s recommended sanction for three 
reasons.  She argues that (1) the board failed to attribute mitigating effect to her 
relevant physical and mental disorders, (2) the board improperly rejected the 
parties’ stipulation that she acted without a dishonest or selfish motive, and 
(3) because a partially stayed one-year suspension is not commensurate with the 
sanctions imposed for comparable misconduct, the board improperly rejected the 
parties’ stipulation that the suspension be fully stayed.  Relator contends that the 
board’s findings and recommendation are supported by the record and applicable 
case law but maintains that a fully stayed one-year suspension on the specified 
conditions is an appropriate disposition in this case.  For the reasons explained 
below, Adelstein’s first two arguments lack merit, but we are persuaded that a fully 
stayed suspension is the appropriate sanction in this case. 
Analysis 
{¶ 21} Adelstein’s first argument in support of her objection asserts that the 
board should have accorded mitigating effect to the stipulation that she suffers from 
multiple sclerosis.  She also asserts that although she did not present the board with 
any mitigating evidence that she also suffers from chronic depression and anxiety, 
she would like the opportunity to present evidence of those conditions for 
consideration.  The parties stipulated that Adelstein suffers from multiple sclerosis 
and she testified that some of her medication affects her judgment.  However, she 
did not present any documentary or testimonial evidence from her treating 
professionals about having chronic depression or anxiety and she only briefly 
mentioned her alleged depression in the proceedings below.  She therefore failed to 
establish that she has been diagnosed with a mental disorder and that her physical 
January Term, 2020 
 
9
or mental disorder(s) contributed to cause her misconduct, as required by Gov.Bar 
R. V(13)(C)(7)(a) and (b).  Moreover, she did not present any evidence that she has 
sustained a period of successful treatment for any disorder, let alone a prognosis 
from a qualified healthcare professional that she is capable of engaging in the 
competent, ethical, and professional practice of law, as required by Gov.Bar 
R. V(13)(C)(7)(c) and (d).  She has therefore failed to present sufficient evidence 
to establish a physical or mental disorder as a mitigating factor in this case. 
{¶ 22} At oral argument, Adelstein’s counsel requested that we remand this 
matter to the board and permit her to cure those evidentiary deficiencies as we did 
in Disciplinary Counsel v. Eynon, 135 Ohio St.3d 274, 2013-Ohio-953, 985 N.E.2d 
1285.  However, attorneys have an obligation to cooperate in disciplinary 
investigations and proceedings and we expect the record to be developed in the 
answers and hearings before a case reaches this court.  See Gov.Bar R. V(9)(G); 
Dayton Bar Assn. v. Stephan, 108 Ohio St.3d 327, 2006-Ohio-1063, 843 N.E.2d 
771, ¶ 5.  Consequently, “[w]e will consider supplements to the record only under 
the most exceptional circumstances.”  Id. 
{¶ 23} When this court has remanded cases to the board for consideration 
of mitigating evidence, it has typically done so when a respondent has failed to 
participate in the disciplinary proceedings until we have issued an order directing 
the respondent to show cause why we should not adopt the board’s recommendation 
to enter a default judgment against him.  See, e.g., Eynon at ¶ 2-4; Trumbull Cty. 
Bar Assn. v. Ohlin, 133 Ohio St.3d 241, 2012-Ohio-4565, 977 N.E.2d 640, ¶ 3-5, 
9; Butler Cty. Bar Assn. v. Portman, 121 Ohio St.3d 518, 2009-Ohio-1705, 905 
N.E.2d 1203, ¶ 4-5.  By contrast, we have declined to allow an attorney to 
supplement his disciplinary-case record with additional mitigating evidence when 
the attorney had represented himself in the disciplinary proceedings below.  See, 
e.g., Disciplinary Counsel v. Shaw, 126 Ohio St.3d 494, 2010-Ohio-4412, 935 
N.E.2d 405, ¶ 19-21 (absent exceptional circumstances, this court will not consider 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
10 
a motion to supplement the record in a disciplinary case).  Because Adelstein fully 
participated in the proceedings below, had an opportunity to present her mitigating 
evidence at that time, and has failed to demonstrate any exceptional circumstances, 
a remand is not appropriate here. 
{¶ 24} Adelstein’s second argument in support of her objection asserts that 
the record does not support the board’s finding that she acted with a dishonest or 
selfish motive due to her personal financial hardships.  But there is ample evidence 
to demonstrate that that she acted with a selfish motive by prioritizing her own 
banking needs over the security of her client’s funds during a time when she was 
experiencing personal financial hardship.  In fact, Adelstein admitted that she had 
failed to deposit some unearned fees into her client trust account and had withdrawn 
others from that account before having earned them.  She also admitted that she 
deposited the proceeds of personal loans into (and authorized a payday lender to 
withdraw payments from) her client trust account after KeyBank had closed her 
personal and operating accounts for excessive overdraft activity.  And although she 
claimed that she had inadvertently wrote a check to PetSmart and authorized her 
car payment to be deducted from her client trust account, she also testified that she 
thought she was permitted to pay personal expenses directly from that account, so 
long as the money had been earned.  Moreover, Adelstein engaged in that self-
serving conduct after she had provided sworn assurances to relator that she 
understood her obligations under Prof.Cond.R. 1.15 and that she would comply 
with all provisions of that rule moving forward and that she would also educate 
herself on the proper use and maintenance of her client trust account. 
{¶ 25} Adelstein also contends that she has not engaged in dishonesty or 
caused harm to any client.  While no client may have been harmed by Adelstein’s 
actions, she stipulated to engaging in dishonest conduct by providing information 
to Square that allowed the company to attempt to reverse Kubick’s $3,500 attorney-
January Term, 2020 
 
11 
fee payment from Adelstein’s PNC Bank client trust account when none of the 
funds in that account belonged to Kubick. 
{¶ 26} Adelstein’s third argument in support of her objection asserts that 
imposing a partially stayed suspension in this case is not commensurate with the 
sanctions imposed for comparable misconduct in other cases.  We agree.  Conduct 
involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation usually requires an actual 
suspension from the practice of law.  Disciplinary Counsel v. Fowerbaugh, 74 Ohio 
St.3d 187, 190-191, 658 N.E.2d 237 (1995).  However, we have occasionally 
imposed fully stayed suspensions in cases when an attorney’s misconduct involved 
isolated incidents of dishonesty and the attorney presented significant mitigating 
evidence.  For example, in Disciplinary Counsel v. Dockry, 133 Ohio St.3d 527, 
2012-Ohio-5014, 979 N.E.2d 313, we imposed a fully stayed one-year suspension 
on an attorney who deposited personal funds into his client trust account, used the 
account to pay personal and business expenses, and violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) 
by briefly misappropriating client funds to cover a deficiency in his personal 
checking account.  Significant mitigating factors in that case included the absence 
of a prior disciplinary record, the prompt payment of restitution, Dockry’s full 
cooperation in the disciplinary proceedings, and his good character and reputation 
in the community. 
{¶ 27} Adelstein admitted to failing to deposit unearned fees from two 
clients into her client trust account, commingling personal funds with client funds 
in that account, and authorizing or initiating 19 transactions that resulted in 
overdrafts or insufficient-funds events in that account.  We acknowledge that some 
of Adelstein’s actions were taken with a dishonest or selfish motive.  In addition, 
we are troubled that she failed to take corrective action after representing that she 
would rectify her deficient client-trust-account management practices at the 
conclusion of relator’s first investigation. 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
12 
{¶ 28} Even so, we are convinced that the bulk of Adelstein’s violations are 
the result of her failure to fully understand her obligations under the Rules of 
Professional Conduct with respect to properly managing her clients’ funds and 
client trust accounts and the result of her status as a sole practitioner with no support 
staff to assist her with those tasks.  In addition, Adelstein has made full and free 
disclosure to relator and has generally cooperated in this disciplinary proceeding.  
Her conduct has not caused any harm to her clients or to other people, and two 
clients have attested to her competence and capability as an attorney.  Furthermore, 
at her disciplinary hearing, she testified that she had opened new personal and 
operating accounts and keeps her operating-account checks in a separate binder 
from her client-trust-account checks, which helps her distinguish the two accounts.  
Relator has also acknowledged that she was in compliance with her client-trust-
account obligations at the time of the hearing.  In addition, at oral argument before 
this court, Adelstein’s counsel indicated that Adelstein is willing to be assessed by 
the Ohio Lawyers Assistance Program (“OLAP”) and comply with OLAP’s 
recommendations; relator agreed that this would be an appropriate condition in this 
case. 
{¶ 29} On these facts, we are persuaded that similar to Dockry, 133 Ohio 
St.3d 527, 2012-Ohio-5014, 979 N.E.2d 313, a one-year suspension, fully stayed 
on conditions, will best protect the public from future harm—provided that those 
conditions include additional training in client-trust-account management and 
recordkeeping, a two-year period of monitored probation, and a comprehensive 
OLAP assessment to ensure that no disorders will impair Adelstein’s practice of 
law going forward. 
Conclusion 
{¶ 30} Accordingly, Carol Beth Adelstein is hereby suspended from the 
practice of law for one year, fully stayed on the conditions that she (1) complete at 
least six hours of CLE, in addition to the requirements of Gov.Bar R. X, focused 
January Term, 2020 
 
13 
on client-trust-account management and recordkeeping, (2) submit to a 
comprehensive OLAP evaluation within 30 days of the date of this order, enter into 
an OLAP contract for a duration to be determined by OLAP, and comply with all 
treatment recommendations for the duration of that contract, (3) commit no further 
misconduct, and (4) serve a two-year period of monitored probation focused on her 
law-office and client-trust-account management and recordkeeping.  If Adelstein 
fails to comply with the conditions of the stay, the stay will be lifted and she will 
serve the full one-year suspension.  Costs are taxed to Adelstein. 
Judgment accordingly. 
FRENCH, FISCHER, DEWINE, TRAPP, and CANNON, JJ., concur. 
O’CONNOR, C.J., would stay only six months of the suspension. 
KENNEDY, J., concurs in part and dissents in part, with an opinion. 
MARY JANE TRAPP, J., of the Eleventh District Court of Appeals, sitting for 
DONNELLY, J. 
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J., of the Eleventh District Court of Appeals, sitting 
for STEWART, J. 
_________________ 
KENNEDY, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part. 
{¶ 31} I dissent from the majority’s decision to sustain respondent Carol 
Beth Adelstein’s objection to the Board of Professional Conduct’s recommended 
sanction and to impose a fully stayed one-year suspension from the practice of law.  
A fully stayed suspension is not commensurate with sanctions that have been 
imposed for similar misconduct in other cases.  Because Adelstein’s misconduct is 
more akin to—and in some ways more egregious than—the misconduct at issue in 
Disciplinary Counsel v. Alexander, 133 Ohio St.3d 232, 2012-Ohio-4575, 977 
N.E.2d 633, I would adopt the recommendation of the board and suspend Adelstein 
from the practice of law for one year, with six months of the suspension stayed on 
conditions. 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
14 
{¶ 32} I agree with the majority’s decision that, as a condition of the stay, 
Adelstein must complete at least six hours of continuing legal education (“CLE”) 
focused on client-trust-account management and recordkeeping in addition to the 
requirements of Gov.Bar R. X.  Upon Adelstein’s reinstatement, I agree with the 
majority opinion that she should receive a two-year period of monitored probation 
focused on law-office and client-trust-account management.  I also agree with the 
condition that Adelstein commit no further misconduct.  Unlike the majority, I 
would not order an assessment by the Ohio Lawyers Assistance Program 
(“OLAP”).  Therefore, I concur in part and dissent in part. 
{¶ 33} This case comes down to whether the sanction recommended by the 
board is appropriate given that relator and Adelstein had stipulated to a one-year, 
fully stayed suspension.  The majority properly rejects two other arguments raised 
by Adelstein in support of her objection to the board’s recommended sanction—
i.e., that the board failed to properly attribute relevant physical and mental disorders 
and that the board improperly rejected the parties’ stipulation that Adelstein acted 
without a dishonest or selfish motive. 
The holding in Fowerbaugh is not applicable to the misconduct in this case 
{¶ 34} Although the majority decides to fully stay the board’s 
recommended one-year suspension, it begins its analysis by stating that misconduct 
“involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation usually requires an actual 
suspension from the practice of law,” majority opinion at ¶ 26, citing Disciplinary 
Counsel v. Fowerbaugh, 74 Ohio St.3d 187, 190-191, 658 N.E.2d 237 (1995).  The 
majority ultimately abandons that rule of thumb, but it bears pointing out that 
Fowerbaugh is not applicable in cases like this one in which the attorney’s 
misconduct involves only abusing her client trust accounts and there are no 
misrepresentations to clients or courts. 
{¶ 35} In Fowerbaugh, this court was more narrowly focused on 
misconduct “where an attorney engages in a pattern of conduct of misleading or 
January Term, 2020 
 
15 
lying to a client [or court] concerning a legal matter entrusted to the lawyer by the 
client.”  Id. at 189.  In Fowerbaugh, the attorney had engaged in an ongoing course 
of misconduct involving “deceit and misrepresentation designed to cover up his 
inaction on an entrusted legal matter.”  Id. at 190.  After lying to his client, the 
attorney then fabricated documents to cover up the lie. 
{¶ 36} At the time Fowerbaugh was decided, this court had a “growing 
concern with the increase in the discipline matters referred to [this court] by the 
Board of Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline [the predecessor to the 
Board of Professional Conduct] in which members of the bar of Ohio have deceived 
their clients or a court.”  Id.  We explained: “A lawyer who engages in a material 
misrepresentation to a court or a pattern of dishonesty with a client * * * violates, 
at a minimum, the lawyer’s oath of office that he or she will not ‘knowingly * * * 
employ or countenance any * * * deception, falsehood, or fraud.’ ”  Id., quoting 
former Gov.Bar R. I(8)(A). 
{¶ 37} Prior to the rule this court announced in Fowerbaugh, 74 Ohio St.3d 
187, 658 N.E.2d 237, however, this court had imposed a wide range of sanctions 
for misconduct involving a pattern of dishonesty toward clients and courts.  See 
Disciplinary Counsel v. Gwyn, 71 Ohio St.3d 8, 640 N.E.2d 1141 (1994) (public 
reprimand for fabricating pleadings showing that a case had been filed and 
dismissed); Toledo Bar Assn. v. Dzienny, 72 Ohio St.3d 173, 648 N.E.2d 499 (1995) 
(fully stayed six-month suspension for misleading a client that a medical-
malpractice action was filed before the statute of limitations expired); Lake Cty. 
Bar Assn. v. Speros, 73 Ohio St.3d 101, 652 N.E.2d 681 (1995) (six-month 
suspension for filing an affidavit in a court bearing a forged signature of a notary 
and containing a false statement blaming the failure to timely file an appellate brief 
on a clerical error).  We stated in Fowerbaugh that engaging in misrepresentation 
to a client or a court “strikes at the very core of a lawyer’s relationship with the 
court and with the client.  Respect for our profession is diminished with every 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
16 
deceitful act of a lawyer.  We cannot expect citizens to trust that lawyers are honest 
if we have not yet sanctioned those who are not.”  Id. at 190. 
{¶ 38} Accordingly, regarding the sanction that this court imposed in 
Fowerbaugh, and for sanctions in future cases involving similar misconduct, this 
court held: 
 
Therefore, recognizing that the sanctions that we have imposed 
heretofore against lawyers who have [engaged in conduct involving 
dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation] are apparently not 
causing some lawyers to understand the importance of being honest 
with courts and clients, we announce a rule that will be applied to 
this case and future cases.  When an attorney engages in a course of 
conduct resulting in a finding that the attorney has [engaged in 
conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation], 
the attorney will be actually suspended from the practice of law for 
an appropriate period of time. 
 
Id. 
{¶ 39} This court’s holding in Fowerbaugh that an attorney receive an 
actual term of suspension when he engages in a pattern of misconduct involving 
dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation is limited to situations in which that 
pattern of misconduct involves a client or a court and concerns a legal matter that 
the client has entrusted to the lawyer.  Therefore, I reject the majority opinion’s 
broadening of this court’s holding in Fowerbaugh to include misconduct involving 
client trust accounts. 
{¶ 40} The misconduct at issue here is different from the misconduct in 
Fowerbaugh, 74 Ohio St.3d 187, 658 N.E.2d 237.  Here, relator and Adelstein 
stipulated that Adelstein violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) when she engaged in 
January Term, 2020 
 
17 
misconduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation by providing 
Square with information that allowed the company to withdraw funds from her 
PNC Bank client trust account when she knew that she had deposited the funds in 
her KeyBank client trust account.  While I do not condone Adelstein’s misconduct 
toward Square, Square was not her client.  Adelstein’s misconduct is not like the 
misconduct that this court addressed in Fowerbaugh.  Consequently, I disagree with 
the majority’s statement that Fowerbaugh requires that we begin our analysis with 
the premise that the presumptive sanction in this case is “an actual suspension from 
the practice of law,” majority opinion at ¶ 26. 
The cases cited by Adelstein and relator are inapt 
{¶ 41} Because Fowerbaugh is inapplicable and since Adelstein’s 
misconduct involves multiple rule violations concerning her mismanagement of 
two client trust accounts, I now turn to the cases considered by the board for 
guidance in determining the proper sanction in this case.  Relator and Adelstein 
cited four cases to support the imposition of a fully stayed one-year suspension.  
The panel and the board correctly discounted those cases.  Disciplinary Counsel v. 
Daniell, 140 Ohio St.3d 67, 2014-Ohio-3161, 14 N.E.3d 1040, and Disciplinary 
Counsel v. Eynon, 135 Ohio St.3d 274, 2013-Ohio-953, 985 N.E.2d 1285, are 
generally applicable because the type of misconduct that occurred in those cases is 
similar to the misconduct that occurred here.  But the attorneys in both those cases 
presented mitigation evidence that the attorneys suffered from major depression 
occasioned by personal tragedy.  In Daniell, the attorney suffered from “multiple 
depression-related disorders resulting from his wife’s death,” id. at ¶ 13, and in 
Eynon, the attorney suffered from “major depression occasioned by a series of 
personal tragedies,” id. at ¶ 11. 
{¶ 42} Here, similar mitigation evidence is lacking.  In Adelstein’s 
objection to the board’s findings of fact, conclusions of law, and recommendation, 
she argued that the board failed to properly attribute mitigating effect to her 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
18 
physical and mental conditions.  But I agree with the majority opinion’s rejection 
of that argument. 
{¶ 43} Similarly, Disciplinary Counsel v. Simon, 128 Ohio St.3d 359, 2011-
Ohio-627, 944 N.E.2d 660, and Disciplinary Counsel v. Johnston, 121 Ohio St.3d 
403, 2009-Ohio-1432, 904 N.E.2d 892, are generally applicable because of the 
similarity of the misconduct.  However, in both Simon and Johnston, we found only 
one aggravating factor—that the attorneys had engaged in a pattern of misconduct.  
In Simon, we also determined that the attorney established numerous mitigating 
factors, including a “lack of a prior disciplinary record, the absence of a dishonest 
or selfish motive, and his [good] character and reputation.”  Id. at ¶ 13.  And in 
Johnston, we determined that the attorney established significant mitigating factors, 
including that the attorney did not have a previous record of professional discipline, 
he had incorporated a new accounting system, he had cooperated fully in the 
disciplinary proceedings, and he had good character and reputation in his 
community. 
{¶ 44} In this case, there were three aggravating circumstances.  The parties 
stipulated to two: (1) Adelstein has two previous attorney-license suspensions for 
failing to register as an attorney pursuant to Gov.Bar R. VI and (2) Adelstein 
committed multiple offenses in the form of 19 account overdrafts from April 2014 
through December 2018.  See Gov.Bar R. V(13)(B)(1) and (4).  The third 
aggravating factor is the presence of a selfish or dishonest motive.  See Gov.Bar 
R. V(13)(B)(2).  The parties stipulated that Adelstein’s lack of a selfish or dishonest 
motive was a mitigating factor.  But the board and the majority are correct to have 
rejected the stipulated mitigating factor.  As the majority relates, there is ample 
evidence that Adelstein acted with a selfish motive when she placed her own 
financial needs above the security of the funds of her clients.  And the mitigating 
circumstances here do not rise to the level of those in Simon and Johnston.  
January Term, 2020 
 
19 
Therefore, the aggravating factors in Adelstein’s case are not outweighed by the 
mitigating factors like they were in Simon and Johnston. 
Alexander is the most comparable precedent 
{¶ 45} I turn now to the case that the board found to be the most aligned to 
Adelstein’s misconduct.  In Alexander, 133 Ohio St.3d 232, 2012-Ohio-4575, 977 
N.E.2d 633, the parties stipulated that the attorney had deposited personal funds 
into his client trust account, issued checks on the account to pay personal and 
business expenses, and permitted his wife to write checks on the account.  The 
attorney further admitted that he had not maintained a ledger of client funds for 
several years.  And although he had attempted to intermittently reconcile his client 
trust account, he still committed an overdraft on the account.  The attorney also 
engaged in improper fee splitting. 
{¶ 46} The two aggravating factors in that case were (1) the attorney was 
late in paying his biennial attorney-registration fee, which was still outstanding at 
the time of the panel hearing and (2) the attorney had failed to pay an overdraft 
bank charge.  And although the attorney did not have a disciplinary record and was 
cooperative during the disciplinary proceedings, this court rejected the board’s 
recommended sanction of a fully stayed one-year suspension.  Instead, this court 
imposed a one-year suspension, with six months stayed on conditions. 
{¶ 47} Adelstein’s misconduct is more egregious than the misconduct at 
issue in Alexander.  As a result of an overdraft investigation for insufficient funds 
in 2014 and 2015, relator worked with Adelstein in remedying her noncompliance 
with her client-trust-account obligations.  In the end, relator gave Adelstein a copy 
of a handbook titled Lawyer’s Trust Accounts.  Relator also gave Adelstein sample 
forms for client ledgers, a general ledger, and an example of a client-trust-account 
reconciliation.  Relator closed that investigation without taking any formal action, 
and Adelstein executed an affidavit admitting her client-trust-account misuse. 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
20 
{¶ 48} After Adelstein’s second round of client-trust-account overdrafts, 
relator filed an amended complaint, which included the affidavit that Adelstein had 
executed admitting her client-trust-account misconduct from 2014 and 2015.  
Undisputedly, the evidence reveals that Adelstein was using her client trust account 
for personal expenses.  The majority agrees that her response to the investigation 
was “not always timely or complete,” majority opinion at ¶ 7.  And as found by the 
board, during Adelstein’s deposition, she agreed that with respect to her KeyBank 
client trust account,  
 
she failed to maintain a general ledger * * *, failed to keep a monthly 
written reconciliation * * *, paid or attempted to pay personal bills 
and obligations from her KeyBank [client trust account], deposited 
personal funds and personal loans from friends and family into her 
KeyBank [client trust account] in excess of any amount necessary 
to pay monthly bank service charges * * *, commingled personal 
funds with client funds in her KeyBank [client trust account], and 
withdrew advanced retainer fees from her KeyBank [client trust 
account] on multiple occasions before she earned the advances fees. 
 
{¶ 49} By October 2018, Adelstein had opened a second client trust account 
at PNC Bank.  Relator began receiving notices from both KeyBank and PNC Bank 
of overdrafts.  Around this time, a fee dispute with a former client occurred and the 
situation with Square ensued.  Adelstein’s misconduct regarding her client trust 
account spanned more years, involved more investigations, and was more egregious 
than the misconduct in Alexander, 133 Ohio St.3d 232, 2012-Ohio-4575, 977 
N.E.2d 633, but the majority imposes a lesser sanction on Adelstein. 
 
 
January Term, 2020 
 
21 
The appropriate sanction 
{¶ 50} In Alexander, this court held that mishandling clients’ funds is 
“ ‘ “an area of the gravest concern of this court in reviewing claimed attorney 
misconduct.” ’ ” Alexander at ¶ 12, quoting Disciplinary Counsel v. Freeman, 119 
Ohio St.3d 330, 2008-Ohio-3836, 894 N.E.2d 31, ¶ 19, quoting Columbus Bar 
Assn. v. Thompson, 69 Ohio St.2d 667, 669, 433 N.E.2d 602.  And we also held 
that it is “ ‘ “of the utmost importance that attorneys maintain their personal and 
office accounts separate from their clients’ accounts and that the violation of that 
rule warrants a substantial sanction whether or not the client has been harmed.” ’ ”  
Id., quoting Freeman at ¶ 19, quoting Erie-Huron Counties Joint Certified 
Grievance Commt. v. Miles, 76 Ohio St.3d 574, 577, 669 N.E.2d 831.  But today, 
the majority shrinks away from this holding without justification. 
{¶ 51} While I recognize that “the primary purpose of disciplinary sanctions 
is not to punish the offender, but to protect the public,” Disciplinary Counsel v. 
O’Neill, 103 Ohio St.3d 204, 2004-Ohio-4704, 815 N.E.2d 286, ¶ 53, “[p]rotecting 
the public * * * is not strictly limited to protecting clients from a specific attorney’s 
potential misconduct.  Imposing attorney-discipline sanctions also protects the 
public by demonstrating to the bar and the public that this type of conduct will not 
be tolerated.”  Disciplinary Counsel v. Schuman, 152 Ohio St.3d 47, 2017-Ohio-
8800, 92 N.E.3d 850, ¶ 17.  We should send a message that Adelstein’s misconduct 
will not be tolerated and reaffirm our holding in Columbus Bar Assn. v. Tuttle, 41 
Ohio St.2d 183, 185, 324 N.E.2d 753 (1975), that “in order to ensure that the 
interests of the public are protected and to require that lawyers maintain a degree 
of personal and professional integrity of the highest standard,” a significant 
sanction for commingling funds is necessary.  “As the Supreme Court of California 
so cogently stated: ‘The rule against commingling was adopted to provide against 
the probability in some cases, the possibility in many cases, and the danger in all 
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO 
 
22 
cases that such commingling wi[ll] result in the loss of clients’ money.’ ”  Id. at 
184-185, quoting Clark v. State Bar, 39 Cal.2d 161, 168, 246 P.2d 1 (1952). 
{¶ 52} Commingling funds was only part of  Adelstein’s misconduct.  This 
case involves her complete disregard of the following Rules of Professional 
Conduct: Prof.Cond.R. 1.15(a) (requiring a lawyer to hold clients’ property in an 
interest-bearing client trust account, separate from the lawyer’s own property), 
1.15(a)(3) (requiring a lawyer to maintain a record for the lawyer’s client trust 
account setting forth the name of the account, the date, amount, and client affected 
by each credit and debit, and the balance in the account), 1.15(a)(5) (requiring a 
lawyer to perform and retain a monthly reconciliation of the funds held in the 
lawyer’s client trust account), 1.15(b) (prohibiting a lawyer from depositing her 
own funds in a client trust account except to pay or obtain a waiver of bank-service 
charges), 1.15(c) (requiring a lawyer to deposit into a client trust account legal fees 
and expenses that have been paid in advance), 8.4(c) (prohibiting a lawyer from 
engaging in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation), and 
8.4(h) (prohibiting a lawyer from engaging in conduct that adversely reflects on the 
lawyer’s fitness to practice law). 
{¶ 53} For all the foregoing reasons, I would adopt the recommendation of 
the board and suspend Adelstein from the practice of law for one year, with six 
months of the suspension stayed on conditions.  As one of the conditions, in 
addition to the requirements of Gov.Bar R. X, I would order Adelstein to complete 
at least six hours of CLE focused on client-trust-account management and 
recordkeeping.  I agree with the board that on Adelstein’s reinstatement, she should 
have a two-year period of monitored probation focused on recordkeeping and law-
office and client-trust-account management and that Adelstein must commit no 
further misconduct.  Unlike the majority, I would not order an assessment by 
OLAP.  Therefore, I concur in part and dissent in part. 
_________________ 
January Term, 2020 
 
23 
Joseph M. Caligiuri, Disciplinary Counsel, for relator. 
Novak, L.L.P., and William J. Novak, for respondent. 
_________________