Title: In Re: Standard Jury Instructions In Criminal Cases – Report No. 2006.2

State: florida

Issuer: Florida Supreme Court

Document:

Supreme Court of Florida 
 
 
____________ 
 
No. SC06-2303 
____________ 
 
 
 
IN RE:  STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN 
CRIMINAL CASES––REPORT NO. 2006-2. 
 
[July 12, 2007] 
CORRECTED OPINION 
 
PER CURIAM. 
 
The Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal 
Cases (Committee) has filed a report, proposing amendments to Standard Jury 
Instructions in Criminal Cases 8.4 – Aggravated Battery; 8.10 – Assault on Law 
Enforcement Officer or Firefighter; 8.11 – Battery on Law Enforcement Officer or 
Firefighter; 8.12 – Aggravated Assault on Law Enforcement Officer or Firefighter; 
8.13 – Aggravated Battery on Law Enforcement Officer or Firefighter; 8.14 – 
Aggravated Battery on Person 65 Years of Age or Older; 11.1 – Sexual Battery – 
Victim Less than 12 Years of Age; 13.1 – Burglary; 14.2 – Dealing in Stolen 
Property (Fencing); 14.3 – Dealing in Stolen Property (Organizing); and 27.1 – 
Escape.  The Committee also proposes new instructions 6.3 – Attempted Felony 
Murder; 6.3(a) – Attempted Felony Murder – Injury Caused by Another; 8.4(a) – 
Aggravated Battery (Pregnant Victim); 10.16 – Use of a Firearm While Under the 
Influence; 13.5(a) – Trespass on School Grounds or Facilities; 13.5(b) – Trespass 
on School Grounds or Facilities after Warning by Principal or Designee; 20.13 – 
Fraudulent Use or Possession of Personal Identification Information; 20.14 – 
Harassment by Use of Personal Identification Information; 20.15 – Fraudulent Use 
of Personal Identification Information of a Minor; 20.16 – Fraudulent Use of 
Personal Identification Information of a Minor by a Parent or Guardian; 20.17 – 
Fraudulent Use or Possession of Personal Identification Information Concerning a 
Deceased Individual; and 20.18 – Fraudulent Creation, Use or Possession of 
Counterfeit Personal Identification Information.  The Committee published the 
proposals for comment in The Florida Bar News prior to submission to the Court.  
We have jurisdiction.  See art. V, § 2(a), Fla. Const. 
We decline to authorize proposed new instructions 20.13 – Fraudulent Use 
or Possession of Personal Identification Information, and 20.17 – Fraudulent Use 
or Possession of Personal Identification Information Concerning a Deceased 
Individual.  Unlike the other instructions pertaining to the unlawful use or 
possession of personal identification information, these proposed instructions 
include provisions for an enhanced penalty based upon the use of a public record to 
facilitate or further the identity theft, pursuant to sections 817.568(5) and (10), as 
 
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well as based upon the pecuniary benefit, value of the services received, the 
payment sought to be avoided, or the amount of the injury or fraud perpetrated, or 
the number of individuals victimized.  See §§ 817.568(2)(b) and (c); 817.568(8)(b) 
and (c), Fla. Stat.  While the basis for the enhanced penalty under sections 
817.568(2) and 817.568(8) is fraudulent use, an enhancement under section 
817.568(5) or section 817.568(10) does not require fraudulent use.  However, 
proposed new instructions 20.13 and 20.17 cite sections 817.568(5) and 
817.568(10), and state “Give if applicable and Fraudulent Use is charged.”  We are 
concerned that these proposed instructions fail to distinguish between the two 
distinct bases for application of an enhanced penalty, i.e., use of a public record to 
facilitate or further the identity theft, as distinguished from fraudulent use of 
personal identification information in respect to the pecuniary benefit, value of the 
services received, the payment sought to be avoided, or the amount of the injury or 
fraud perpetrated, or the number of individuals victimized.  Therefore, we refer 
these proposed instructions back to the Committee to address this issue. 
Having considered the Committee’s report and one comment filed, we 
hereby authorize the publication and use of the other proposals, as set forth in the 
appendix to this opinion, with minor modifications.1  In doing so, we express no 
                                          
 
 
1.  The amendments to instructions 14.2 – Dealing in Stolen Property 
(Fencing) and 14.3 – Dealing in Stolen Property (Organizing), add the four 
inferences enacted under sections 812.022(2)-(5), Florida Statutes, pertaining to 
 
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opinion on the correctness of those instructions and remind all interested parties 
that this authorization forecloses neither requesting additional or alternative 
instructions nor contesting the legal correctness of the instructions.  We further 
caution all interested parties that any notes and comments associated with the 
instructions reflect only the opinion of the Committee and are not necessarily 
indicative of the views of this Court as to their correctness or applicability.  New 
language is indicated by underlining, and deleted language is struck-through.  The 
instructions as set forth in the appendix shall be effective when this opinion 
becomes final. 
It is so ordered. 
LEWIS, C.J., and WELLS, ANSTEAD, PARIENTE, QUINCE, CANTERO, and 
BELL, JJ., concur. 
                                                                                                                                        
evidence of dealing in stolen property.  Subsequent to the Committee’s approval of 
its proposed changes to instructions 14.2 and 14.3, on June 7, 2006, Chapter 2006-
107, section 1, Laws of Florida, was signed into law, creating an additional 
inference in respect to evidence of dealing in stolen property, i.e., specific to 
possession of a stolen motor vehicle.  See § 812.022(6), Fla. Stat. (2006).  Because 
it appears that the Committee intended to incorporate all inferences created by 
section 812.022, Florida Statutes, relating to dealing in stolen property, instructions 
14.2 and 14.3 are modified to include the inference under section 812.022(6), 
Florida Statutes (2006). 
 
In addition, new instructions 20.14 – Harassment by Use of Personal 
Identification Information; 20.15 – Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a Minor; 20.16 – Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a Minor by a Parent or Guardian; and 20.18 – Fraudulent Creation, 
Use or Possession of Counterfeit Personal Identification Information, are modified 
to include the term “telephone number” under “Personal identification 
information” at the beginning of the fourth line, to bring the definition into accord 
with section 817.568(1)(f)1, Florida Statutes (2006). 
 
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NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND 
IF FILED, DETERMINED. 
 
 
Original Proceeding – Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases 
 
Honorable Terry David Terrell, Chair, Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury 
Instructions in Criminal Cases, First Judicial Circuit, Pensacola, Florida, 
 
 
for Petitioner 
 
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APPENDIX 
6.3 ATTEMPTED FELONY MURDER – FIRST DEGREE 
[ENUMERATED FELONY] [NON-ENUMERATED FELONY] 
§§ 782.04(1)(a) and 777.04 § 782.051(1) and (2), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
The instructions on attempted first and third degree felony murder have been 
deleted.  See State v. Gray, 654 So.2d 552 (Fla. 1995). 
 
To prove the crime of Attempted Felony Murder, the State must prove 
the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [committed] [attempted to commit] a (crime alleged). 
 
2. 
While engaged in the [commission] [attempted commission] 
[escape from the immediate scene] of (crime alleged), the 
defendant [committed] [aided or abetted] an intentional act that is 
not an essential element of (crime alleged). 
 
3. 
This intentional act could have but did not cause the death of 
(victim). 
 
(Crime alleged) is defined by Florida law as (define the crime). 
 
In order to convict (defendant) of Attempted Felony Murder, it is not 
necessary for the State to prove that [he] [she] had a premeditated design or 
intent to kill. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
Section 782.051(1), Fla. Stat., applies where the defendant is alleged to have 
committed or attempted to commit a felony enumerated in section 782.04(3).  
Section 782.051(2), Fla. Stat., applies where the defendant is alleged to have 
committed or attempted to commit a felony not enumerated in section 782.04(3), 
Fla. Stat. 
 
 
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This instruction was adopted in 2007.  See Battle v. State, 911 So. 2d 85 
(Fla. 2005). 
 
 
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6.3(a) ATTEMPTED FELONY MURDER – INJURY CAUSED BY 
ANOTHER 
§ 782.051(3) Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Attempted Felony Murder, the State must prove 
the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [committed] [attempted to commit] a (crime alleged).  
 
2. 
(Victim) was injured during the [commission] [attempted 
commission]of an escape from the immediate scene of the (crime 
alleged) by an individual other than the person(s) [committing] 
[attempting to commit] [escaping from the immediate scene of] 
the (crime alleged). 
 
 
(Crime alleged) is defined by Florida law as (define the crime). 
 
 
In order to convict the defendant of attempted felony murder, it is not 
necessary for the state to prove that the defendant had a premeditated design 
or intent to kill. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
Section 782.051(3), Fla. Stat., applies only where the defendant was 
committing or attempting to commit a felony enumerated in section 782.04(3). 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
 
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8.4 AGGRAVATED BATTERY 
' 784.045, Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Aggravated Battery, the State must prove the 
following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt.  The first element is a 
definition of battery. 
 
1. 
(Defendant) 
 
  
[intentionally touched or struck (victim) against [his] [her] will]. 
 
[intentionally caused bodily harm to (victim)]. 
 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2. 
(Defendant) in committing the battery 
 
a. 
[intentionally or knowingly caused 
 
 
 
[great bodily harm to (victim)]].  
 
 
[permanent disability to (victim)]]. 
 
 
[permanent disfigurement to (victim)]]. 
 
b. 
[used a deadly weapon.] 
 
c. 
[knew or should have known that (victim) was pregnant.]  
 
Definition.  Give if 2b alleged. 
A weapon is a “deadly weapon” if it is used or threatened to be used in a 
way likely to produce death or great bodily harm. 
 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
AGGRAVATED BATTERY — 784.045(1)(a) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO.
Battery 
 
784.03 
8.3 
Felony battery 
 
784.041 
8.5 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Improper exhibition of 
dangerous weapons or 
firearms 
790.10 
10.5 
 
Discharging a firearms 
in public 
790.15 
10.6 
 
 
Comment 
 
The lesser included offense of Felony Battery is only applicable if element 
2a is charged and proved. 
 
This instruction was approved in 1981 and amended in 1989 [543 So.2d 
1205], and 2007. 
 
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8.4(a) AGGRAVATED BATTERY (Pregnant Victim) 
§ 784.045, Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Aggravated Battery, the State must prove the 
following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt.  The first element is a 
definition of battery. 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [intentionally touched or struck (victim) against her 
will] [intentionally caused bodily harm to (victim)]. 
 
2. 
(Victim) was pregnant at the time. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) in committing the battery knew or should have known 
that (victim) was pregnant. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
AGGRAVATED BATTERY (PREGNANT VICTIM) – 784.045(1)(b) 
CATEGORY ONE
CATEGORY TWO
FLA. STAT.
INS. NO.
 
 
 
 
Battery
 
784.03 
8.3
 
 
 
 
Attempt
777.04(1)
5.1
 
 
 
                                                                                                       
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was approved in 2007.  See Small v State, 889 So.2d 862 
(Fla. 1st DCA 2004). 
 
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8.10 ASSAULT ON A [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER], 
[FIREFIGHTER], ETC. 
' 784.07(2)(a), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Assault on a [Law Enforcement Officer] 
[Firefighter] [Emergency Medical Care Provider] [Traffic Accident 
Investigation Officer] [Traffic Infraction Enforcement Officer] [Parking 
Enforcement Specialist] [Security Officer employed by the Board of Trustees 
of a Community College], the State must prove the following six elements 
beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) intentionally and unlawfully threatened, either by 
word or act, to do violence to (victim). 
 
2. 
At the time, (defendant) appeared to have the ability to carry out 
the threat. 
 
3. 
The act of (defendant) created in the mind of (victim) a 
well-founded fear that the violence was about to take place. 
 
4. 
(Victim) was at the time a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] 
[emergency medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation 
officer] [traffic infraction enforcement officer] [parking 
enforcement specialist] [security officer employed by the board of 
trustees of a community college]. 
 
5. 
(Defendant) knew (victim) was a [law enforcement officer] 
[firefighter][emergency medical care provider] [traffic accident 
investigation officer] [traffic infraction enforcement officer] 
[parking enforcement specialist] [security officer employed by the 
board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
6. 
At the time of the assault, (victim) was engaged in the lawful 
performance of [his] [her] duties. 
 
The court now instructs you that (name of official position of victim 
designated in charge) is a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] [emergency 
medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation officer] [traffic 
infraction enforcement officer] [parking enforcement specialist] [security 
officer employed by the board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
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In giving this sentence, do not refer to the victim by name.  The instruction 
must state the class of officers to which the victim belongs, e.g., probation officer, 
correctional officer.  See Wright v. State, 586 So.2d 1024 (Fla. 1991). 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
ASSAULT ON LAW [ENFORCEMENT OFFICER] [FIREFIGHTER], ETC.  
784.07(2)(a) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
 
Assault 
 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
Several statutes have been added in recent years providing for 
reclassification of assaults and batteries on designated classes:  '' 784.074, 
784.075, 784.076, 784.078, 784.081, 784.082, 784.083, and 784.085. 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1992 [603 So.2d 
1175], and 1995 [657 So.2d 1152], and 2007. 
 
 
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8.11 BATTERY ON [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER], [FIREFIGHTER], 
ETC. 
' 784.07(2)(b), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Battery on a [Law Enforcement Officer] 
[Firefighter] [Emergency Medical Care Provider] [Traffic Accident 
Investigation Officer] [Traffic Infraction Enforcement Officer] [Parking 
Enforcement Specialist] [Security Officer Employed by the Board of Trustees 
of a Community College], the State must prove the following four elements 
beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) intentionally  
 
 
[touched or struck (victim) against [his] [her] will]. 
 
[caused bodily harm to (victim)]. 
 
2. 
(Victim) was a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] [emergency 
medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation officer] 
[traffic infraction enforcement officer] [parking enforcement 
specialist] [security officer employed by the board of trustees of a 
community college]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) knew (victim) was a [law enforcement officer] 
[firefighter] [emergency medical care provider] [traffic accident 
investigation officer] [traffic infraction enforcement officer] 
[parking enforcement specialist] [security officer employed by the 
board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
4. 
(Victim) was engaged in the lawful performance of [his] [her] 
duties when the battery was committed. 
 
The court now instructs you that (name of official position of victim 
designated in charge) is a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] [emergency 
medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation officer] [traffic 
infraction enforcement officer] [parking enforcement specialist] [security 
officer employed by the board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
In giving this sentence, do not refer to the victim by name.  The instruction 
must state the class of officers to which the victim belongs, e.g., probation officer, 
correctional officer.  See Wright v. State, 586 So.2d 1024 (Fla. 1991). 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
BATTERY ON [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER] [FIREFIGHTER], 
ETC. 
784.07(2)(b) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Battery 
 
 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1992 [603 So.2d 
1175], and 1995 [657 So.2d 1152], and 2007. 
 
 
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8.12 AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ON [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER], 
[FIREFIGHTER], ETC. 
' 784.07(2)(c), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Aggravated Assault on a [Law Enforcement 
Officer] [Firefighter] [Emergency Medical Care Provider] [Traffic Accident 
Investigation Officer] [Traffic Infraction Enforcement Officer] [Parking 
Enforcement Specialist] [Security Officer Employed by the Board of Trustees 
of a Community College], the State must prove the following seven elements 
beyond a reasonable doubt.  The first three elements define assault. 
 
1. 
(Defendant) intentionally and unlawfully threatened, either by 
word or act, to do violence to (victim). 
 
2. 
At the time, (defendant) appeared to have the ability to carry out 
the threat. 
 
3. 
The act of (defendant) created in the mind of (victim) a 
well-founded fear that the violence was about to take place. 
 
Give 4a or 4b as applicable. 
4. 
a. 
[The assault was made with a deadly weapon.] 
 
b. 
[The assault was made with a fully-formed, conscious intent 
to commit (crime charged) upon (victim).] 
 
If 4b is alleged, define the crime charged. 
 
5. 
(Victim) was at the time a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] 
[emergency medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation 
officer] [traffic infraction enforcement officer] [parking 
enforcement specialist] [security officer employed by the board of 
trustees of a community college]. 
 
6. 
(Defendant) knew (victim) was a [law enforcement officer] 
[firefighter] [emergency medical care provider] [traffic accident 
investigation officer] [traffic infraction enforcement officer] 
[parking enforcement specialist] [security officer employed by the 
board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
 
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7. 
At the time of the assault, (victim) was engaged in the lawful 
performance of [his] [her] duties. 
 
The court now instructs you that (name of official position of victim 
designated in charge) is a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] [emergency 
medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation officer] [traffic 
infraction enforcement officer] [parking enforcement specialist] [security 
officer employed by the board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
In giving this sentence, do not refer to the victim by name.  The instruction 
must state the class of officers to which the victim belongs, e.g., probation officer, 
correctional officer.  See Wright v. State, 586 So.2d 1024 (Fla. 1991). 
 
Definition.  Give if 4a alleged. 
A weapon is a “deadly weapon” if it is used or threatened to be used in a 
way likely to produce death or great bodily harm. 
 
Give if 4a alleged. 
It is not necessary for the State to prove that the defendant had an 
intent to kill. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ON [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER], ETC. - 
784.07(2)(c) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
 
FLA. STAT 
INS. NO. 
Aggravated assault 
 
 
 
784.021 
8.2 
Assault on law on 
enforcement officer 
 
 
784.07(2)(a) 
 
 
8.10  
Assault 
 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Improper exhibition of 
dangerous weapons or 
firearms 
790.10 
10.5 
 
Discharging firearms in 
public 
790.15 
10.6 
 
Comment 
 
 
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This instruction was approved in 1992 [603 So.2d 1175], and amended in 
1995 [657 So.2d 1152], and 2007. 
 
 
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8.13 AGGRAVATED BATTERY ON [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER], 
[FIREFIGHTER], ETC. 
' 784.07(2)(d), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Aggravated Battery on a [Law Enforcement 
Officer] [Firefighter] [Emergency Medical Care Provider] [Traffic Accident 
Investigation Officer] [Traffic Infraction Enforcement Officer] [Parking 
Enforcement Specialist] [Security Officer Employed by the Board of Trustees 
of a Community College], the State must prove the following five elements 
beyond a reasonable doubt.  The first element is a definition of battery. 
 
1. 
(Defendant) 
 
[intentionally touched or struck (victim) against [his] [her] will] 
[intentionally caused bodily harm to (victim)]. 
 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2. 
(Defendant) in committing the battery 
 
a. 
[intentionally or knowingly caused 
 
 
[great bodily harm to (victim)]] 
 
[permanent disability to (victim)]] 
 
[permanent disfigurement to (victim)]] 
 
b. 
[used a deadly weapon]. 
 
3. 
(Victim) was a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] [emergency 
medical care  provider] [traffic accident investigation officer] 
[traffic infraction enforcement officer] [parking enforcement 
specialist] [security officer employed by the board of trustees of a 
community college]. 
 
4. 
(Defendant) knew (victim) was a [law enforcement officer] 
[firefighter] [emergency medical care provider] [traffic accident 
investigation officer] [traffic infraction enforcement officer] 
[parking enforcement specialist] [security officer employed by the 
board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
 
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5. 
(Victim) was engaged in the lawful performance of [his][her] 
duties when the battery was committed against [him][her]. 
 
The court now instructs you that (name of official position of victim 
designated in charge) is a [law enforcement officer] [firefighter] [emergency 
medical care provider] [traffic accident investigation officer] [traffic 
infraction enforcement officer] [parking enforcement specialist] [security 
officer employed by the board of trustees of a community college]. 
 
In giving this sentence, do not refer to the victim by name.  The instruction 
must state the class of officers to which the victim belongs, e.g., probation officer, 
correctional officer.  See Wright v. State, 586 So.2d 1024 (Fla. 1991). 
 
Definition.  Give if 2b alleged. 
A weapon is a “deadly weapon” if it is used or threatened to be used in a 
way likely to produce death or great bodily harm. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
AGGRAVATED BATTERY ON [LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER] 
[FIREFIGHTER], ETC. - 784.07(2)(d) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
 
FLA. STAT 
INS. NO. 
Aggravated battery 
 
 
 
784.045 
8.4 
Felony battery
 
784.041
8.5
 
 
 
Battery on 
enforcement officer 
 
 
784.07(2)(b) 
 
 
8.11 
 
 
Battery 
 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
 
5.1 
 
Improper exhibition of 
dangerous weapons or 
firearms 
790.10 
10.5 
 
Discharging firearms in 
public 
790.15 
10.6 
 
Comment 
 
The lesser included offense of Felony Battery is only applicable if element 
2a is charged and proved. 
 
 
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This instruction was adopted in 1992 [603 So.2d 1175] and was amended in 
1995 [657 So.2d 1152], and 2007. 
 
 
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8.14 AGGRAVATED BATTERY ON PERSON 65 YEARS OF AGE OR 
OLDER 
' 784.08(2)(a), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Aggravated Battery on a Person 65 Years of Age 
or Older, the State must prove the following three elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt.  The first element is a definition of battery. 
 
1. 
(Defendant) intentionally 
 
 
 
[touched or struck (victim) against [his] [her] will]. 
 
 
[caused bodily harm to (victim)]. 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2. 
(Defendant) in committing the battery 
 
Give 2a, 2b, or 2c as applicable. 
a. 
[intentionally or knowingly caused  
 
 
 
[great bodily harm to (victim)]]. 
 
 
[permanent disability to (victim)]]. 
 
b. 
[used a deadly weapon]. 
 
c. 
[knew or should have known that (victim) was pregnant]. 
 
3. 
(Victim) was at the time 65 years of age or older. 
 
Definition.  Give if 2b alleged. 
A weapon is a “deadly weapon” if it is used or threatened to be used in a 
way likely to produce death or great bodily harm. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
AGGRAVATED BATTERY ON PERSON 65 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER 
– 784.08(a2)(a) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
 
FLA. STAT 
INS. NO. 
Aggravated battery 
 
 
 
784.045 
 
8.4 
Felony battery
 
784.041
8.5
 
 
 
Battery on person 65  
 
784.08(2)(c)  
8.16 
 
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years of age or older 
Battery 
 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
 
5.1 
 
Improper exhibition of 
dangerous weapons or 
firearms 
790.10 
10.5 
 
Discharging firearms in 
public 
790.15 
10.6 
 
 
 
Comment 
 
The lesser included offense of Felony Battery is only applicable if element 
2a is charged and proved. 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1997 [697 So.2d 84] and amended in 2007. 
 
 
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10.16 USING A FIREARM WHILE UNDER THE INFLUENCE  
 [§ 790.151, Fla. Stat. RESERVED] 
 
 
To prove the crime of Using a Firearm While Under the Influence, the 
State must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt:  
 
1. 
(Defendant) used a firearm. 
 
2. 
(Defendant) was under the influence of [an alcoholic beverage] 
[any chemical substance] [any controlled substance] when 
affected to the extent that [his] [her] normal faculties were 
impaired, when using the firearm. 
 
Definitions. 
§ 790.001(6), Fla. Stat. 
“Firearm” means any weapon (including a starter gun) which will, is 
designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of 
an explosive; the frame or receiver of any such weapon; any firearm muffler 
or firearm silencer; any destructive device; or any machine gun.  The term 
“firearm” does not include an antique firearm unless the antique firearm is 
used in the commission of a crime. 
 
“Use a firearm” means to discharge a firearm or to have a firearm 
readily accessible for immediate discharge. 
 
“Readily accessible for immediate discharge” means loaded and in a 
person's hand. 
 
Give if applicable. 
“Alcoholic beverages” are considered to be substances of any kind and 
description which contain alcohol. 
 
§ 877.111, Fla. Stat. 
(Chemical substance) is a chemical substance under Florida law. 
 
Ch. 893, Fla. Stat. 
(Controlled substance) is a controlled substance under Florida law. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
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No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
 
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11.1 SEXUAL BATTERY — 
VICTIM LESS THAN 12 YEARS OF AGE 
§ 794.011(2), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Sexual Battery upon a Person Less Than 12 Years 
of Age, the State must prove the following two three elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt: 
 
 
1. 
(Victim) was less than 12 years of age. 
 
 
Give 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d as applicable. 
2. 
a. 
[(Defendant) committed an act [upon] [with] (victim) in 
which the sexual organ of the [(defendant)] [(victim)] 
penetrated or had union with the [anus] [vagina] [mouth] of 
the [(victim)] [(defendant)]. 
 
 
b. 
[(Defendant) committed an act upon (victim) in which the 
[anus] [vagina] of (victim) was penetrated by an object.] 
 
 
c. 
[(Defendant) injured the sexual organ of (victim) in an 
attempt to commit an act [upon] [with] (victim) in which the 
sexual organ of the [(defendant)] [(victim)] would have 
penetrated or would have had union with the [anus] 
[vagina] [mouth] of the [(victim)] [(defendant)].] 
 
 
d. 
[(Defendant) injured the sexual organ of (victim) in an 
attempt to commit an act upon (victim) in which the [anus] 
[vagina] of (victim) would be penetrated by an object.] 
 
 
Give 3a or 3b as applicable. 
3. 
a. 
(Defendant) was 18 years of age or older at the time of the 
sexual battery. 
 
 
b. 
(Defendant) was less than 18 years of age at the time of the 
sexual battery. 
 
 
The punishment provided by law for sexual battery upon a person less 
than 12 years of age is greater depending upon the age of the defendant. 
Therefore, if you find the defendant guilty of sexual battery upon a person less 
than 12 years of age and you further find that at the time of the sexual battery 
 
- 26 -
the defendant was 18 years of age or older, you should find [him] [her] guilty 
of sexual battery upon a person less than 12 years of age by a person 18 years 
of age or older. 
 
 
If you find that the defendant was not 18 years of age or older but did 
commit the sexual battery, you should find [him] [her] guilty only of sexual 
battery upon a person less than 12 years of age by a person under 18 years of 
age. 
 
 
Give if applicable. 
 
However, any act done for bona fide medical purposes is not a sexual 
battery. 
 
 
Definition.  Give if applicable. 
 
“Union” means contact. 
 
 
In the event that multiple perpetrators is charged and proven, give 
instruction on enhancement.  § 794.023, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
The option of the word “[with] (victim)” in 2a and 2c is provided to reflect 
the manner in which the crime was committed. See Coleman v. State, 484 So.2d 
624 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986), at pages 627, 628. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
SEXUAL BATTERY — VICTIM UNDER 12 — 794.011(2)(a)–(b) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Battery 
 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Solicitation by person in 
familial authority 
794.011(8)(c) 
11.5 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Aggravated assault 
784.021(1)(a) 
8.2 
 
Aggravated battery 
784.045(1)(a) 
8.4 
 
Comment 
 
 
- 27 -
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and was amended in 1987 [508 So.2d 
1221], and 1995 [657 So.2d 1152], and 2007, by adding 3(a) and 3(b) pursuant to 
Glover v. State, 863 So.2d 236 (Fla. 2003). 
 
 
- 28 -
13.1 BURGLARY 
§ 810.02, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
Give this statement of the elements if the charge is unlawful entry:. 
 
To prove the crime of Burglary, the State must prove the following 
three [two] [three] elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) entered a [structure] [conveyance] owned by or in the 
possession of (person alleged). 
 
2. 
(Defendant} did not have the permission or consent of (person 
alleged), or anyone authorized to act for him, to [enter] [remain 
in] the [structure] [conveyance] at the time. 
 
3. 2. At the time of entering the [structure] [conveyance], (defendant) 
had a fully-formed, conscious the intent to commit the offense of 
[an offense] [(the crime alleged)] in that [structure] [conveyance]. 
 
The offense intended cannot be trespass or burglary. 
 
Give element 3 only if defendant meets his or her burden of production that 
he or she had an invitation or license to enter, or that the premises were open to 
the public.  See State v. Hicks, 421 So.2d 510 (Fla. 1982) and State v. Waters, 436 
So.2d 66 (Fla. 1983). 
3. 
[(Defendant) was not [licensed] [invited] to enter the [structure] 
[conveyance].]  [The premises were not open to the  public at the 
time of the entering.] 
 
 
Give if applicable. 
If the [license] [invitation] to enter was obtained by (defendant’s) trick or 
fraud or deceit, then the [license] [invitation] to enter was not valid.  
 
Give if applicable. 
If (defendant) entered premises that were open to the public, but then 
entered an area of the premises that [he] [she] knew was not open to the 
public, (defendant) committed a burglary if [he] [she] entered that non-public 
area with the intent to commit [an offense] [(the crime alleged)] in that non-
public area. 
 
 
 
- 29 -
Give if applicable.  § 810.07 Fla. Stat. 
You may infer that (defendant) had the intent to commit a crime inside a 
[structure] [conveyance] if  the [entering] [attempted entering] of the 
[structure] [conveyance] was done stealthily and without the consent of the 
owner or occupant. 
 
 
The entry necessary need not be the whole body of the defendant. It is 
sufficient if the defendant extends any part of the body far enough into the 
[structure] [conveyance] to commit [an offense] [(the crime alleged)]. 
 
Give this statement of the elements if the charge is unlawfully remaining:. 
To prove the charge crime of Burglary, the State must prove the 
following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) had permission or consent to enter a [structure] 
[conveyance] owned by or in the possession of (person alleged). 
 
2. 
(Defendant), after entering the [structure] [conveyance], remained 
therein 
 
 
Give 2a, 2b, or 2c, as applicable. 
a. 
surreptitiously and with the fully-formed conscious intent to 
commit the offense of (crime alleged) [an offense] [(the crime 
alleged)] inside the [structure] [conveyance]. 
 
b. 
after permission to remain had been withdrawn and with 
the fully-formed conscious intent to commit the offense of 
(crime alleged) [an offense] [(the crime alleged)] inside the 
[structure] [conveyance]. 
 
c. 
with the fully-formed conscious intent to commit or attempt 
to commit the offense of [a forcible felony] [(the forcible 
felony alleged)].  
 
 
Define the crime or forcible felony alleged.  The offense intended cannot be 
trespass or burglary. 
Give whichever bracketed language applies 
A person may be guilty of this offense [if he or she originally entered the 
premises at a time when they were open to the public, but remained there 
after he or she knew that the premises were closed to the public] 
 
- 30 -
[or] 
 
[if he or she entered into or remained in areas of the premises which he or she 
knew or should have known were not open to the public]. 
 
if he or she had the intent to commit the crime described in the charge. 
 
§ 810.07 Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of the entering of a [structure] [conveyance] stealthily and 
without the consent of the owner or occupant may justify a finding that the 
entering was with the intent to commit a crime if, from all the surrounding 
facts and circumstances, you are convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that 
the intent existed. 
 
 
The entry necessary need not be the whole body of the defendant. It is 
sufficient if the defendant extends any part of the body far enough into the 
[structure] [conveyance] to commit (crime alleged). 
  
Proof of intent. 
The intent with which an act is done is an operation of the mind and, 
therefore, is not always capable of direct and positive proof. It may be 
established by circumstantial evidence like any other fact in a case. 
 
 
Even though an unlawful [entering] [remaining in] a [structure] 
[conveyance] is proved, if the evidence does not establish that it was done with 
the intent to commit (crime alleged) [an offense] [(the crime alleged)], the 
defendant must be found not guilty of burglary. 
 
Proof of possession of stolen property. 
Proof of unexplained possession by an accused of property recently 
stolen by means of a burglary may justify a conviction of burglary with intent 
to steal that property if the circumstances of the burglary and of the 
possession of the stolen property, when considered in the light of all evidence 
in the case, convince you beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant 
committed the burglary. 
 
Definitions.  Give as applicable. 
§ 810.011(1), Fla. Stat. 
 
- 31 -
 
“Structure” means any building of any kind, either temporary or 
permanent, that has a roof over it, and the enclosed space of ground and 
outbuildings immediately surrounding that structure. 
 
§ 810.011(3), Fla. Stat. 
“Conveyance” means any motor vehicle, ship, vessel, railroad car, 
trailer, aircraft, or sleeping car; and to enter a conveyance includes taking 
apart any portion of the conveyance. 
 
Enhanced penalty.  Give as applicable. 
The punishment provided by law for the crime of burglary is greater if the 
burglary was committed under certain aggravating circumstances.  Therefore, if 
you find the defendant guilty of burglary, you must then consider whether the State 
has further proved those circumstances. 
 
With an assault. 
 
If you find that in the course of committing the burglary If you find 
(defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the State has proved 
beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of committing the burglary, 
(defendant) the defendant made an assault assaulted upon any person. , you 
should find [him] [her] guilty of burglary during which an assault has been 
committed.  An assault is an intentional and unlawful threat either by word or 
act to do violence to another at a time when the defendant appeared to have 
the ability to carry out the threat and [his] [her] act created a well-founded 
fear in the other person that the violence was about to take place. 
 
With a battery. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, (defendant) battered any person.  A battery is an 
actual and intentional touching or striking of another person against that 
person’s will or the intentional causing of bodily harm to another person. 
 
 
While armed 
. 
 
If you find that in the course of committing the burglary, the If you find 
(defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the State has proved 
beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of committing the burglary, 
(defendant) was armed or armed [himself] [herself] within the [structure] 
[conveyance] with [explosives] or [a dangerous weapon]., you should find 
[him][her] guilty of burglary while armed. 
 
- 32 -
 
Definitions.  Give as applicable.  § 790.001(5), Fla. Stat.  See exceptions § 
790.001(5)(a)-(d), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Explosive” means any chemical compound or mixture that has the 
property of yielding readily to combustion or oxidation upon application of 
heat, flame, or shock, including but not limited to dynamite, nitroglycerin, 
trinitrotoluene, or ammonium nitrate when combined with other ingredients 
to form an explosive mixture, blasting caps, and detonators. 
 
 
 
A “dangerous weapon” is any weapon that, taking into account the 
manner in which it is used, is likely to produce death or great bodily harm. 
 
 
Structure is a dwelling. 
 
If you find that while the defendant made no assault and was unarmed, 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the State 
has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether the structure [entered] 
[remained in] was a dwelling., you should find [him][her] guilty of burglary of 
a dwelling. 
 
 
Definition.  Give as applicable. 
 
“Dwelling” means a building [or conveyance] of any kind, including any 
attached porch, whether such building [or conveyance] is temporary or 
permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over it and is designed to be 
occupied by people lodging therein at night, together with the enclosed space 
of ground and outbuildings immediately surrounding it. 
 
 
Human being in structure or conveyance. 
 
If you find that while the defendant made no assault and was unarmed, 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the State 
has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of committing 
the burglary, there was a human being in the [structure] [conveyance], at the 
time [he] [she] [entered] [remained in] the [structure] [conveyance],. you 
should find [him][her] guilty of burglary of a [structure] [conveyance] with a 
human being in the [structure] [conveyance]. 
 
 
Dwelling or structure with use of motor vehicle or damage. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine if the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the course of 
committing the burglary, (defendant) entered a [dwelling] [structure] and 
 
 
- 33 -
1. 
used a motor vehicle as an instrumentality, other than merely as a 
getaway vehicle, to assist in committing the offense, and thereby 
damaged the [dwelling] [structure],  
 
or 
 
2. 
caused damage to the [dwelling] [structure] [property within the 
[dwelling] [structure], in excess of $1,000. 
 
 
In an area that is subject to a state of emergency, the definition of 
structure, dwelling, and conveyance may be different during a state of 
emergency.  See § 810.011, Fla. Stat. 
 
If you find (defendant) guilty of burglary, you must also determine 
if the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt whether, in the 
course of committing the burglary, the [structure] [conveyance] was 
within an area that the governor had declared was subject to a state of 
emergency under Chapter 252, the “State Emergency Management 
Act.” 
 
 
With no aggravating circumstances 
 
If you find that the defendant committed the burglary without any 
aggravating circumstances, you should find [him] [her] guilty only of 
burglary. 
 
 
§ 810.011(4), Fla. Stat. 
 
An act is committed “in the course of committing” if it occurs in the 
attempt to commit the offense or in flight after the attempt or commission. 
 
 
 
§ 790.001(5), Fla. Stat.   
 
“Explosive” means any chemical compound or mixture that has the 
property of yielding readily to combustion or oxidation upon application of 
heat, flame, or shock, including but not limited to dynamite, nitroglycerin, 
trinitrotoluene, or ammonium nitrate when combined with other ingredients 
to form an explosive mixture, blasting caps, and detonators. 
 
 
If necessary see exceptions set out in § 791.01 and Chapter 552, Fla.Stat. 
 
A “dangerous weapon” is any weapon that, taking into account the 
manner in which it is used, is likely to produce death or great bodily harm. 
 
 
- 34 -
 
“Dwelling” means a building [or conveyance] of any kind, including any 
attached porch, whether such building [or conveyance] is temporary or 
permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over it and is designed to be 
occupied by people lodging therein at night, together with the enclosed space 
of ground and outbuildings immediately surrounding it. 
 
 
Therefore, it you find the defendant guilty of burglary, it will be 
necessary for you to state in your verdict whether the defendant (insert 
aggravating circumstances charged). 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
BURGLARY WITH ASSAULT OR BATTERY OR WHILE ARMED OR 
WITH USE OF MOTOR VEHICLE OR PROPERTY DAMAGE — 810.02(2)
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Burglary 
 
810.02(4) 
13.1 
 
Aggravated battery 
784.045 
8.4 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Aggravated assault 
784.021 
8.2 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Burglary 
810.02(3) 
13.1 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(a) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(b) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08 (2)(c) 
13.3 
 
Criminal Mischief 
806.13 
12.4 
 
- 35 -
 
BURGLARY OF DWELLING; BURGLARY OF STRUCTURE OR 
CONVEYANCE WITH HUMAN BEING INSIDE — 810.02(3) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Burglary 
 
810.02(4) 
13.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Burglary 
810.02(3) 
13.1 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(a) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(b) 
13.3 
BURGLARY — 810.02(4) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(a) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08(2)(b) 
13.3 
 
Trespass 
810.08 (2)(c) 
13.3 
 
Criminal Mischief 
806.13 
12.4 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1985 [477 So.2d 985], 
1997 [697 So.2d 84], and 2003 [850 So.2d 1272], and 2007.  It should be given for 
offenses committed after July 1, 2001.  See § 810.02, Fla. Stat. (2002).  For 
guidance on instructions for burglary offenses committed between February 2000 
and before July 1, 2001, see State v. Ruiz, 863 So.2d 1205 (Fla. 2003) and Burnes 
v. State, 861 So.2d 78 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003). 
 
 
- 36 -
13.5 (a) TRESPASS ON SCHOOL GROUNDS OR FACILITIES 
§ 810.097, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Trespass on School Grounds or Facilities, the 
State must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
 
Give 1a or 1b as applicable. 
1.        a. 
(Defendant) entered or remained on the campus of (school 
name). 
 
b. 
(Defendant) entered or remained on (facility name) owned by 
(school name). 
 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2.       a. 
(Defendant) did not have any legitimate business on the 
campus or any other authorization, license, or invitation to 
enter or remain upon school property. 
 
b. 
(Defendant) was a student under suspension or expulsion at 
the time he or she entered or remained on the campus or 
any other facility owned by a school. 
 
 
Definition. 
 
“School” means the grounds or any facility of any kindergarten, 
elementary school, middle school, junior high school, or secondary school, 
whether public or non-public. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
 
- 37 -
13.5 (b) TRESPASS ON SCHOOL GROUNDS OR FACILITIES AFTER 
WARNING BY PRINCIPAL OR DESIGNEE 
§ 810.097(2), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Trespass on School Grounds or Facilities After 
Warning by Principal or Designee, the State must prove the following two 
elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) entered or remained on the campus or any facility of 
(school name). 
 
2. 
The principal or [his] [her] designee [told or directed the 
defendant to leave the campus or facility] [told the defendant not 
to enter the campus or facility] of (school name). 
 
Definition. 
“School” means the grounds or any facility of any kindergarten, 
elementary school, middle school, junior high school, or secondary school, 
whether public or non-public. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
 
- 38 -
14.2 DEALING IN STOLEN PROPERTY (FENCING) 
§ 812.019(1), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of (crime charged) Dealing in Stolen Property 
(Fencing), the State must prove the following two elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [trafficked in] [endeavored to traffic in] (property 
alleged). 
 
2. 
(Defendant) knew or should have known that (property alleged) 
was stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(2), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of possession of recently stolen property, unless satisfactorily 
explained, gives rise to an inference that the person in possession of the 
property knew or should have known that the property had been stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property at a price substantially 
below the fair market value, unless satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an 
inference that the person buying or selling the property knew or should have 
known that the property had been stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(4), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property by a dealer in property, 
out of the regular course of business or without the usual indicia of ownership 
other than mere possession, unless satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an 
inference that the person buying or selling the property knew or should have 
known that it had been stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(5), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof that a dealer who regularly deals in used property possesses 
stolen property, upon which a name and phone number of a person other than 
the offeror of the property are conspicuously displayed, gives rise to an 
inference that the dealer possessing the property knew or should have known 
that the property was stolen. 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
- 39 -
Proof that a person was in possession of a stolen motor vehicle and that 
the ignition mechanism of the motor vehicle had been bypassed or the steering 
wheel locking mechanism had been broken or bypassed, unless satisfactorily 
explained, gives rise to an inference that the person in possession of the stolen 
motor vehicle knew or should have known that the motor vehicle had been 
stolen. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
§ 812.012(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Property” means anything of value, and includes: 
 
 
real property, including things growing on, affixed to and found 
in land; 
 
 
tangible or intangible personal property, including rights, 
privileges, interests, and claims; and 
 
 
services. 
 
 
§§ 812.012(6), 812.028(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Stolen property” means property that has been the subject of any 
criminally wrongful taking or if the property has not been stolen, that it was 
offered for sale to (defendant) as stolen property. 
 
 
§ 812.012(7), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Traffic” means: 
 
 
to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of 
property; and  
 
 
to buy, receive, possess, obtain control of or use property with the 
intent to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of 
that property. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
- 40 -
DEALING IN STOLEN PROPERTY — TRAFFICKING — 812.019(1) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
Grand theft — third 
degree 
812.014(2)(c) 
 
 
Petit theft — first degree 812.014(2)(e) 
 
 
Petit theft — second 
degree 
812.014(3)(a) 
 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1989 [543 So.2d 
1205], and in 2007, by adding the Inferences in § 812.022(2)-(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
- 41 -
14.3 DEALING IN STOLEN PROPERTY (ORGANIZING) 
§ 812.019(2), Fla.Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of (crime charged) Dealing in Stolen Property 
(Organizing), the State must prove the following two elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) [initiated] [organized] [planned] [financed] [directed] 
[managed] [supervised] the theft of (property alleged). 
 
2. 
(Defendant) trafficked in the (property alleged). 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable. § 812.022(2), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of possession of recently stolen property, unless satisfactorily 
explained, gives rise to an inference that the person in possession of the 
property knew or should have known that the property had been stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property at a price substantially 
below the fair market value, unless satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an 
inference that the person buying or selling the property knew or should have 
known that the property had been stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(4), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof of the purchase or sale of stolen property by a dealer in property, 
out of the regular course of business or without the usual indicia of ownership 
other than mere possession, unless satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an 
inference that the person buying or selling the property knew or should have 
known that it had been stolen. 
 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(5), Fla. Stat. 
 
Proof that a dealer who regularly deals in used property possesses 
stolen property, upon which a name and phone number of a person other than 
the offeror of the property are conspicuously displayed, gives rise to an 
inference that the dealer possessing the property knew or should have known 
that the property was stolen. 
 
Inferences.  Give if applicable.  § 812.022(6), Fla. Stat. 
Proof that a person was in possession of a stolen motor vehicle and that 
the ignition mechanism of the motor vehicle had been bypassed or the steering 
 
- 42 -
wheel locking mechanism had been broken or bypassed, unless satisfactorily 
explained, gives rise to an inference that the person in possession of the stolen 
motor vehicle knew or should have known that the motor vehicle had been 
stolen. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
§ 812.012(3), Fla.Stat. 
 
“Property” means anything of value, and includes: 
 
real property, including things growing on, affixed to and found 
in land; 
 
 
tangible or intangible personal property, including rights, 
privileges, interests, and claims; and 
 
 
services. 
 
 
§§ 812.012(6), 812.028(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Stolen property” means property that has been the subject of any 
criminally wrongful taking or if the property has not been stolen, that it was 
offered for sale to (defendant) as stolen property. 
 
 
§ 812.012(7), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Traffic” means: 
 
 
to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of 
property; and  
 
 
to buy, receive, possess, obtain control of or use property with the 
intent to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of 
that property. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
DEALING IN STOLEN PROPERTY — MANAGING AND TRAFFICKING 
— 812.019(2) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
Dealing in stolen 
property 
  
812.019(1) 
14.2 
  
None 
  
  
 
 
- 43 -
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1989 [543 So.2d 
1205], and in 2007, by adding the Inferences in § 812.022(2)-(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
- 44 -
20.14 HARASSMENT BY USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION 
§ 817.568(4), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Harassment by Use of Personal Identification 
Information, the State must prove the following three elements beyond a 
reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) willfully and without authorization [possessed] [used] 
[attempted to use] personal identification information concerning 
(victim). 
 
2. 
[He] [She] did so without first obtaining the consent of (victim). 
 
3. 
[He] [She] did so with the purpose of harassing (victim). 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
“Willfully” means intentionally and purposely. 
 
 
“Authorization” means empowerment, permission, or competence to 
act. 
 
 
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources.  
 
 
“Harass” means to engage in conduct directed at a specific person that 
is intended to cause substantial emotional distress to such person and serves 
no legitimate purpose.  “Harass” does not mean to use personal identification 
 
- 45 -
information for accepted commercial purposes and does not include 
constitutionally protected conduct such as organized protests.  
 
 
Enhanced penalty.  Give if applicable.  See § 817.568 (5) and (10), Fla. 
Stat., which if alleged will require an interrogatory. 
 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
HARASSMENT BY USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION – 817.568(4) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt (possession only) 777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
- 46 -
20.15 FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A MINOR 
§ 817.568(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a Minor, the State must prove the following three elements 
beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1.  
(Defendant) willfully and without authorization fraudulently used 
personal identification information concerning (victim). 
 
2. 
(Victim) was less than 18 years of age. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) did so without first obtaining the consent of (victim) or 
[his] [her] legal guardian. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
“Willfully” means intentionally and purposely. 
 
 
“Fraudulently” means purposely or intentionally suppressing the truth 
or perpetrating a deception. 
 
 
“Authorization” means empowerment, permission, or competence to 
act. 
 
 
 
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources.  
 
 
 
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Enhanced penalty.  Give if applicable.  See § 817.568 (5) and (10), Fla. 
Stat., which if alleged will require an interrogatory. 
 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION  
INFORMATION OF A MINOR – 817.568(6) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
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20.16 FRAUDULENT USE  OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION OF A MINOR BY A PARENT OR GUARDIAN 
§ 817.568(7), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Fraudulent Use of Personal Identification 
Information of a Minor by a [Parent] [Guardian], the State must prove the 
following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1.  
(Defendant) willfully and fraudulently used personal identification 
information concerning (victim). 
 
 
2. 
(Victim) was less than 18 years of age. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) was [the parent of] [the legal guardian of] [exercised 
custodial authority over] (victim) at the time. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
“Willfully” means intentionally and purposely. 
 
 
 
“Fraudulently” means purposely or intentionally suppressing the truth 
or perpetrating a deception. 
 
 
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources.  
 
 
 
Enhanced penalty.  Give if applicable.  See § 817.568 (5) and (10), Fla. 
Stat., which if alleged will require an interrogatory. 
 
 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
FRAUDULENT USE OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION 
OF A MINOR BY A [PARENT] [GUARDIAN]– 817.568(7) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
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20.18 FRAUDULENT CREATION, USE OR POSSESSION OF 
COUNTERFEIT PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION 
§ 817.568(9), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Fraudulent [Creation] [Use] [Possession] of 
Counterfeit Personal Identification Information, the State must prove the 
following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Defendant) willfully and fraudulently [created] [used] [possessed 
with intent to use] counterfeit or fictitious personal identification 
information. 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2. 
a. 
The personal identification information concerned a 
fictitious individual. 
 
b. 
The personal identification information concerned a real 
individual whose consent had not first been obtained. 
 
3. 
[He] [She] did so with intent to commit or facilitate the 
commission of a fraud on another person. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
“Willfully” means intentionally and purposely. 
 
 
“Fraudulently” means purposely or intentionally suppressing the truth 
or perpetrating a deception. 
 
 
“Authorization” means empowerment, permission, or competence to 
act. 
 
 
“Personal identification information” means any name or number that 
may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a 
specific individual, including any name, postal or electronic mail address, 
telephone number, social security number, date of birth, mother’s maiden 
name, official state or United States issued driver’s license or identification 
number, alien registration number, government passport number, employer 
or taxpayer’s identification number, Medicaid or food stamp account number, 
bank account number, credit or debit card number or personal identification 
number or code assigned to the holder of a debit card by the issuer to permit 
 
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authorized use of such card, unique biometric data such as fingerprint, voice 
print, retina or iris image, or other unique physical representation, unique 
electronic identification number, address, or routing code, medical record, 
telecommunication identifying information or access device, or other number 
or information that can be used to access a person’s financial resources. 
 
 
“Counterfeit or fictitious personal identification information” means 
any counterfeit, fictitious or fabricated information in the similitude of the 
data just defined to you that, although not truthful or accurate, would in 
context lead a reasonably prudent person to credit its truthfulness and 
accuracy. 
 
 
Enhanced penalty.  Give if applicable.  See § 817.568 (5) and (10), Fla. 
Stat., which if alleged will require an interrogatory. 
 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
FRAUDULENT CREATION, USE OR POSSESSION OF 
COUNTERFEIT PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION – 
817.568(9) 
CATEGORY ONE CATEGORY TWO
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007. 
 
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27.1 ESCAPE 
§ 944.40, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Escape, the State must prove the following three 
elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
 
Give 1a or 1b as applicable. 
 
1. 
(Defendant) was  
 
a. 
[under arrest and in the lawful custody of a law 
enforcement official]. 
 
b. 
[convicted of a crime and sentenced to a term of 
imprisonment and committed to (institution alleged) by a 
court]. 
 
 
Give 2a, 2b, or 2c as applicable. 
 
2. 
While a prisoner, (defendant) was  
 
 
 
a. 
[confined at (name of institution)]. 
 
 
 
b. 
[being transported to or from a place of confinement]. 
 
 
 
c. 
[working on a public road]. 
 
3. 
(Defendant) escaped or attempted to escape by (read overt act from 
charge), intending to avoid lawful confinement. 
 
 
Give if requested and applicable.  See Kearse v. State, 662 So. 2d 677 (Fla. 
1995) and Applewhite v. State, 874 So. 2d 1276 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004). 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
“Transportation to a place of confinement” begins at the time an 
individual is placed under arrest.  
 
 
An “arrest” takes place when the arresting officer intends to arrest; the 
arresting officer actually or constructively seizes the person to be arrested; the 
officer’s intent to arrest is communicated by the arresting officer to the 
person to be arrested; and the person to be arrested understands that 
communication.  An “arrest” does not require that the law enforcement 
 
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officer complete the act of acquiring total physical control over the person to 
be arrested. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1981 and amended in 1989 and 2007.