Title: Christy Aills v. Luciano Boemi, M.D., Et Al.

State: florida

Issuer: Florida Supreme Court

Document:

Supreme Court of Florida 
 
 
____________ 
 
No. SC08-2087 
____________ 
 
CHRISTY AILLS,  
Petitioner, 
 
vs. 
 
LUCIANO BOEMI, M.D., et al., 
Respondents. 
 
[February 25, 2010] 
 
LABARGA, J. 
 
In the case before us, petitioner Christy Aills seeks review of the decision of 
the Second District Court of Appeal in Aills v. Boemi, 990 So. 2d 540 (Fla. 2d 
DCA 2008).1  In that case, the Second District Court of Appeal reversed a 
judgment in favor of Aills, the patient, in a medical malpractice action against the 
defendant plastic surgeon, Dr. Luciano Boemi, arising out of negligence in 
connection with an elective surgical procedure for breast reconstruction.  For 
reasons explained below, we find that the district court erred in reversing for a new 
trial on the basis of an improper argument by Aills‟ counsel during closing 
                                          
 
 
1.  We have jurisdiction.  See art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla. Const. 
 
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argument.  We therefore quash the decision of the Second District and remand for 
proceedings consistent with our decision herein. 
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 
Christy Aills (Aills) brought a medical malpractice action against              
Dr. Luciano Boemi, M.D., and Luciano Boemi, M.D., P.A. (collectively referred to 
as Dr. Boemi), after experiencing complications from elective breast surgery.  
Aills‟ second amended complaint asserted four separate causes of action: medical 
negligence, battery, lack of informed consent, and fraud.  The jury found            
Dr. Boemi liable for negligence, but found in favor of Dr. Boemi on the remaining 
counts.  The jury‟s award of compensatory damages to Aills was as follows:       
(1) $100,000 for past medical damages; (2) $150,000 for future medical damages; 
(3) $4,000,000 for past noneconomic damages; and (4) $4,000,000 for future 
noneconomic damages.  The trial court subsequently entered a judgment on the 
verdict in favor of Aills and against Dr. Boemi in the amount of $8,250,000.     
After the trial, Dr. Boemi filed a motion requesting the entry of judgment in 
his favor in accordance with his prior motion for directed verdict or, in the 
alternative, a new trial.  The trial court denied both claims for relief.  Dr. Boemi 
also moved for a remittitur of the various awards in the jury‟s verdict.  The trial 
court granted a remittitur of the jury‟s award for past medical damages from   
$100,000 to $81,000.  The court also granted a remittitur of the jury‟s award for 
 
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past noneconomic damages from $4,000,000 to $3,250,000, and for future 
noneconomic damages from $4,000,000 to $2,500,000.  However, the court denied 
a remittitur of the jury‟s award for future medical damages.  Aills accepted the 
remittitur of the past medical damages, but rejected the remittitur of the awards for 
noneconomic damages.  Consequently, the trial court ordered a new trial on the 
issue of damages only.  Aills appealed the trial court‟s order granting a new trial on 
damages, and Dr. Boemi cross-appealed. 
In his cross-appeal, Dr. Boemi challenged the trial court‟s rulings on four 
grounds: (1) the trial court erred in denying him a directed verdict on liability 
because Aills failed to establish the applicable standard of care and a subsequent 
breach of that standard; (2) the trial court erred in failing to grant a new trial based 
on remarks concerning postoperative negligence during Aills‟ closing argument; 
(3) the trial court erred in denying him a new trial based on the admission of 
graphic photographic evidence depicting Aills‟ condition after the initial surgery; 
and (4) the evidence proved insufficient to support the award of future medical 
expenses.   
On appeal, the Second District held that “the trial court did not commit error 
in denying Dr. Boemi‟s motion for a directed verdict on liability” for negligence.  
Aills, 990 So. 2d at 546.  It also held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion 
“in denying Dr. Boemi‟s motion for new trial based on the admission of the 
 
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photographs into evidence.”  Id.  We do not disturb the district court‟s holdings in 
these respects.  However, as we explain below, we conclude that the district court 
erred in reversing for a new trial on the basis of Dr. Boemi‟s claim of improper 
closing argument by counsel for Aills.  Because Dr. Boemi failed to advance the 
specific ground of objection relied upon by the district court for reversal, we 
conclude that it was not preserved for appellate review.  We first examine the 
district court‟s decision.  
II. DISCUSSION 
In Aills, the Second District reviewed Dr. Boemi‟s claim that the trial court 
erred in denying his motion for new trial based on Aills‟ closing argument 
regarding his asserted postoperative negligence.  Id. at 546.  The district court 
observed that during closing argument, Dr. Boemi‟s counsel objected when Aills‟ 
counsel began to argue that Dr. Boemi failed to provide Aills with appropriate 
postoperative care.  Id. at 544.  The district court summarized the parties‟ 
arguments as follows: 
At a sidebar conference, Dr. Boemi‟s counsel explained that opposing 
counsel‟s remarks were improper because of the absence of any basis 
in the record “that the postoperative care was negligent” and “that it 
would have made a difference.”  Ms. Aills‟ counsel responded that his 
remarks were “fair comment” because “we have already put on 
testimony . . . that the entire thing that this doctor did caused her to 
have her harm.”  The trial court overruled the objection. 
Id. at 544. 
 
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The district court‟s review of the pleadings, arguments, and witness 
testimony led it to conclude that the issue of postoperative negligence had neither 
been pled in the complaint nor tried by consent.  Therefore, the district court 
concluded that Aills‟ closing argument was improper and that the trial court abused 
its discretion in failing to grant Dr. Boemi a new trial on all issues.   Id. at 547-48, 
550. 2  
The question before us is whether the district court erred in reversing the 
trial court‟s judgment on a ground that we find from the record was not presented 
to the trial court and thus not preserved for appellate review.  Because this is a 
question of law arising from undisputed facts, the standard of review is de novo.  
See Kirton v. Fields, 997 So. 2d 349, 352 (Fla. 2008); see also D‟Angelo v. 
Fitzmaurice, 863 So. 2d 311, 314 (Fla. 2003) (stating that the standard of review 
for pure questions of law is de novo).  To resolve this issue, we must consider the 
principles of error preservation, the objection at issue, and the basis for the district 
court‟s reversal.   
                                          
 
 
2.  The district court found that the theory of postoperative negligence was 
neither pled in Aills‟ second amended complaint nor tried by consent and held that 
the “two-issue” rule was inapplicable.  Id. at 549-50.   Because we find these 
grounds were not preserved for review, and are quashing the district court‟s ruling 
and remanding it for further proceedings, we need not address the question of the 
“two-issue” rule. 
 
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Proper preservation of error for appellate review generally requires three 
components.  First, the party must make a timely, contemporaneous objection at 
the time of the alleged error.  See Overton v. State, 976 So. 2d 536, 547 (Fla. 
2007); Harrell v. State, 894 So. 2d 935, 940 (Fla. 2005).  “Second, the party must 
state a legal ground for that objection.  Third, „[i]n order for an argument to be 
cognizable on appeal, it must be the specific contention asserted as legal ground 
for the objection, exception, or motion below.‟ ”  Harrell, 894 So. 2d at 940 
(quoting Steinhorst v. State, 412 So. 2d 332, 338 (Fla. 1982)); see also Sunset 
Harbour Condo. Ass‟n v. Robbins, 914 So. 2d 925, 928 (Fla. 2005) (“In order to be 
preserved for further review by a higher court, an issue must be presented to the 
lower court and the specific legal argument or ground to be argued on appeal or 
review must be part of that presentation if it is to be considered preserved.” 
(quoting Tillman v. State, 471 So. 2d 32, 35 (Fla. 1985))).  While no magic words 
are required to make a proper objection, we reiterate here that the concern 
articulated in the objection must be sufficiently specific to inform the court of the 
perceived error.  Williams v. State, 414 So. 2d 509, 511-12 (Fla. 1982); Castor v. 
State, 365 So. 2d 701, 703 (Fla. 1978) (“[A]n objection must be sufficiently 
specific both to apprise the trial judge of the putative error and to preserve the issue 
for intelligent review on appeal.”).  We turn now to the question of whether 
Dr. Boemi‟s articulated concern was sufficiently specific to inform the trial court 
 
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of the perceived error, and to do so, we look to the undisputed facts found in the 
record. 
During closing argument, Aills‟ counsel began to argue that Dr. Boemi 
failed to provide appropriate postoperative care to Aills.  Dr. Boemi‟s counsel 
immediately objected to this line of argument.  At a sidebar conference,              
Dr. Boemi‟s counsel explained that the closing remarks made by Aills‟ counsel 
were improper because “[t]o argue that the postoperative care was negligent and 
that there was evidence to support that it would have made a difference, there‟s no 
basis in the record.”  The trial court overruled Dr. Boemi‟s objection and Aills‟ 
counsel proceeded to describe the consequences of Dr. Boemi‟s postoperative 
negligence.   
Dr. Boemi argues that the district court correctly determined from the record 
that postoperative negligence had not been raised at the trial level, i.e., that the 
theory of postoperative negligence was neither pled in the complaint nor tried by 
consent, and, consequently, Aills‟ closing argument concerning postoperative 
negligence was improper.  The district court found the statement made by           
Dr. Boemi‟s counsel during the sidebar conference “that opposing counsel‟s 
remarks were improper because of the absence of any basis in the record „that 
postoperative care was negligent‟ and „that it would have made a difference,‟ ” 990 
 
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So. 2d at 544, to have sufficiently asserted the legal grounds for his objection with 
the specificity required by law.  We disagree.   
“[T]o be preserved for appeal, „the specific legal ground upon which a claim 
is based must be raised at trial and a claim different than that will not be heard on 
appeal.‟ ”  Chamberlain v. State, 881 So. 2d 1087, 1100 (Fla. 2004) (quoting 
Spann v. State, 857 So. 2d 845, 852 (Fla. 2003)).  Appellate review is therefore 
limited to the specific grounds for objection raised at trial.  Lynx Transp. v. 
Atkinson, 720 So. 2d 600, 600-01 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998); Clock v. Clock, 649 So. 
2d 312, 315 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995); Wilson v. Health Trust, Inc., 640 So. 2d 93, 94 
(Fla. 4th DCA 1994).  Except in cases of fundamental error, an appellate court 
cannot consider any ground for objection not presented to the trial court.  See 
Steinhorst, 412 So. 2d at 338; see also Smith v. State, 7 So. 3d 473, 496 (Fla. 2009) 
(holding that claims based on grounds not objected to at trial cannot be considered 
on appeal) (citing Steinhorst, 412 So. 2d at 338); City of Orlando v. Birmingham, 
539 So. 2d 1133, 1135 (Fla. 1989) (holding that an appellate court cannot consider 
an issue that was not preserved for appellate review).   
Here, Dr. Boemi‟s objection did not articulate his concern that postoperative 
negligence had not been pled or tried with the requisite specificity to inform the 
trial court of the perceived error.  Rather, we find that his objection to the closing 
remarks was directed solely at the insufficiency of the evidence.  Accordingly, we 
 
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conclude that the district court erred in reversing for a new trial on the basis of 
grounds not presented before the trial court.   
Based on the foregoing, we quash the decision of the district court and 
remand the case to the Second District for proceedings consistent herewith.  On 
remand, the district court should address the following issues which were raised on 
appeal but not reached by the district court: (1) Aills‟ challenge to the trial court 
order for a remittitur of the past and future noneconomic damages awards; and,   
(2) Dr. Boemi‟s objections to the award of future medical expenses. 
It is so ordered.  
QUINCE, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, CANADY, POLSTON, and PERRY, JJ., 
concur. 
 
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND 
IF FILED, DETERMINED. 
 
 
 
Application for Review of the Decision of the District Court of Appeal - Direct 
Conflict of Decisions 
 
 
Second District - Case No. 2D07-233 
 
(Lee County) 
 
Joel D. Eaton of Podhurst Orseck, P.A., Miami, Florida, and Jeffrey R. Garvin of 
the Garvin Law Firm, Fort Myers, Florida, 
 
 
for Petitioner 
 
Arthur J. England, Jr. Brigid F. Cech Samole and Kerri L. McNulty of Greenberg 
Traurig, P.A., Miami, Florida, William R. Clayton of Greenberg Traurig, P.A., 
 
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Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and Richard B. Mangan of Rissman, Barrett, Hurt, 
Donahue, and McLain, P.A., Tampa, Florida, 
 
 
for Respondent