Title: Ferrante v. August

State: oregon

Issuer: Oregon Supreme Court

Document:

Reversed and remanded October 4, 1967.
*17 Philip A. Levin, Portland, argued the cause for appellant. On the brief were Pozzi, Levin & Wilson and Tyler E. Marshall.
Frederic P. Roehr, Portland, argued the cause for respondent. On the brief were Vergeer, Samuels, Cavanaugh & Roehr.
Before PERRY, Chief Justice, and McALLISTER, O'CONNELL, HOLMAN and LUSK, Justices.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
LUSK, J.
Plaintiff was injured when an automobile in which she was riding sustained a collision with another car. She brought this action for damages against the defendant, the driver of the other car. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $205.20. From the consequent judgment plaintiff has appealed, assigning errors which she contends require reversal because they prejudicially affected the jury's consideration of her damages.
Plaintiff alleged in her complaint that as a proximate result of the negligence of the defendant plaintiff "suffered a tearing, twisting and wrenching of the muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the low back, and a lumbosacral strain, from all of which this plaintiff *18 has been rendered sick, sore, nervous and distressed * * *."
The accident occurred on December 11, 1964. Plaintiff consulted a physician, Dr. Richard Hopkins, who diagnosed her injury as an acute lumbosacral strain. He prescribed certain exercises and other treatment for her and by the early months of 1966 her condition was considerably improved. About May 26, 1966, however, she felt a very sharp pain in her back as she was getting out of her chair. According to her testimony the chair did not move or slip  she simply felt pain in her back when she was "about half-way out of" her chair.
Plaintiff reported the incident to Dr. Hopkins. He had last seen her on May 1, 1966, and testified that she had improved considerably though she still manifested symptoms. Regarding her condition later Dr. Hopkins testified:
It was Dr. Hopkins opinion that "the cause of her acute strain was related to her accident of December 11, 1964." Again, he testified:
Responding to questions by counsel for defendant in aid of an objection, the witness testified:
Finally, in answer to further questions by counsel for the plaintiff relating to the causal connection between the May twenty-sixth strain and the original accident, the witness testified:
Counsel for defendant thereupon moved the court to strike the testimony and instruct the jury to disregard *20 it and the court allowed the motion. The ruling is assigned as error.
The trial court stated as matter of law that the May twenty-sixth incident was an "independent factor," which, not having been pleaded, could not be proved. We do not agree.
1. In an action to recover damages for personal injuries the tortfeasor is liable for all the natural, direct and proximate consequences of his wrongful act or omission: Gilman v. Burlingham, 188 Or 418, 423, 216 P2d 252; 22 Am Jur 2d 116, Damages § 81. In the Gilman case plaintiff pleaded that she had sustained injuries to her back, neck and spine, an abrasion over her right eye and a contusion on the right side of her head. On the trial evidence was admitted of a swelling of her body caused by novocaine injections given by a physician in the course of his treatment of her injuries. We held that the evidence was properly admitted, although the complaint contained no allegations as to the swelling of the body.
In McDonough v. National Hospital Ass'n, 134 Or 451, 460, 294 P 351 (cited in the Gilman case) we gave our approval to the line of cases which hold that an injured person may recover from a tortfeasor damages for the aggravation of his injuries caused by the negligence, mistake or lack of skill of his physician.[1]
*21 Numerous cases hold that where the injured person meets with a subsequent accident which would not have occurred but for the original injury the defendant may be held liable for the enhancement of plaintiff's damages caused by the subsequent accident. A typical case is Hartnett v. Tripp, 231 Mass 382, 121 NE 17. There the plaintiff suffered a broken leg and after about nine weeks in bed in a hospital he was able to get up by the use of crutches and sit in a wheelchair. On one occasion in getting out of the chair one of his crutches slipped and he fell back into the chair breaking his leg at the place of the original fracture. The court held that evidence of the subsequent injury was properly admitted, and said:
*22 Similar cases are cited in the Annotations, 20 ALR 524, 9 ALR 255. Cf. Baker v. State Industrial Acc. Com., 128 Or 369, 274 P 905.
2. Upon the pleading question we think the applicable rule is correctly stated in 22 Am Jur 2d 374, Damages § 278, as follows:
See, also, Denver & R.G.R. Co. v. Roller, 100 Fed 738, 758 (CCA 9), 49 LRA 77; Myers v. Hagert Construction Co., 74 ND 435, 441, 23 NW2d 29; York Transport Co. v. Moreland (Tex Civ App), 224 SW2d 899.
3. We are not advised as to the fashion in which the case was submitted to the jury by the judge, as the instructions have not been brought to this court. We think, however, that the jury could have found under proper instructions and upon consideration of the stricken evidence that but for the original injury the back strain of May 26, 1966, would not have occurred and that the latter injury was the natural and probable consequence of the former. Dr. Hopkins' testimony, when read in its entirety, supports this conclusion.
Defendant argues that the ruling was not prejudicial because all the facts of plaintiff's injury and re-injury were allowed to go to the jury together with the evidence of her weakened condition and her susceptibility to re-injury. This is true. But the evidence of causal connection between the original injury and the re-injury was withheld from the jury *23 and, in addition, the court ruled, in effect, in the presence of the jury that evidence of the doctor's charge for medical services rendered plaintiff after May twenty-sixth was inadmissible. In this state of the record we cannot say with any assurance that the jury's verdict for $205.20  the exact amount of special damages proved  was not influenced to the detriment of the plaintiff by the ruling in question. We are, therefore, constrained to hold the error ground for reversal.
4. Another assignment of error is directed to the court's sustaining an objection to a question asked on recross-examination by counsel for plaintiff of a doctor who testified as an expert witness for the defendant. The question would have injected into the case an issue of whether the plaintiff had a herniated disk. This was a collateral inquiry and we think that the court did not abuse its discretion to control cross-examination, since the tendency of the questioning would have been to divert the attention of the jury from the real issues and, perhaps, to bring prejudicial matter into the case.
The final assignment of error, which relates to the validity of the verdict, does not call for disposition, as it is unlikely that a similar verdict will be again returned.
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.
[1]  "One of the reasons which the courts assign for holding the wrongdoer responsible in a common-law action for the negligence of a physician whose unskillful treatment aggravated the injury is that such unskillful treatment is a result which reasonably ought to have been anticipated by the wrongdoer. But the principal reason and the one most generally assigned is that the injury caused by the malpractice would not have occurred but for the original injury and was a proximate result thereof, which is in law regarded as one of the immediate and direct damages resulting from the primary injury." McDonough v. National Hospital Ass'n, supra, 134 Or at 460.