Title: Mason v. DFS and Office of Child Advocate

State: delaware

Issuer: Delaware Supreme Court

Document:

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE 
 
ANDRE MASON,1 
 
 
§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
§ 
No. 246, 2017 
 
Respondent Below, 
 
§ 
Appellant,  
 
 
§ 
Court Below—Family Court of  
 
 
 
 
 
§ 
the State of Delaware in and for 
 
v. 
 
 
 
 
§ 
New Castle County 
 
 
 
 
 
§ 
DIVISION OF FAMILY SERVICES, §  
File No. 16-04-07TN 
 
 
 
 
 
 
§ 
Petition No. 16-10828 
 
Petitioner Below,  
 
§ 
 
Appellee, 
 
 
 
§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
§ 
 
and 
 
 
 
 
§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
§ 
OFFICE OF THE CHILD  
 
§ 
ADVOCATE, 
 
 
 
§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
§  
 
Appellee. 
 
 
 
§ 
  
Submitted: January 4, 2018 
Decided: 
March 19, 2018 
 
Before STRINE, Chief Justice; VALIHURA and VAUGHN, Justices. 
 
O R D E R 
 
 
This 19th day of March 2018, upon consideration of the appellant’s brief under 
Supreme Court Rule 26.1(c), his attorney’s motion to withdraw, and the appellees’ 
responses and motions to affirm, it appears to the Court that: 
                                          
 
1 By Order dated June 20, 2017, the Court assigned a pseudonym to the appellant.  Del. Sup. Ct. 
R. 7(d).   
2 
 
 
(1) 
In March 2015, the State Division of Family Services (“DFS”) filed a 
dependency and neglect petition against a twenty-eight-year-old mother, concerning 
her three children born in 2005, 2006, and 2009, and the children’s respective 
fathers.  The Family Court granted emergency ex parte custody of the children to 
DFS.  And at the mandated hearings that followed, the court continued custody with 
DFS for the duration of the dependency and neglect proceedings. 
 
(2) 
In April 2016, DFS filed a termination of parental rights petition 
seeking to terminate the parents’ parental rights in the three children.  By order dated 
May 24, 2017, the Family Court granted the petition and terminated the parental 
rights of each parent. 
 
(3) 
In this appeal, one of the fathers, Andre Mason, has appealed the Family 
Court’s decision terminating his parental rights in his daughter, Olivia, born in 
February 2006.2  Mason’s counsel has filed a no-merit brief and a motion to 
withdraw under Supreme Court Rule 26.1(c).  Mason’s counsel asserts that she made 
a conscientious review of the record and found no arguable claim to raise on appeal.  
Mason has submitted points he would like the Court to consider on appeal.  Counsel 
for DFS and the attorney guardian ad litem appointed to represent the children have 
responded to the no-merit brief, Mason’s points, and have moved to affirm the 
Family Court’s judgment. 
                                          
 
2 The Court has assigned a pseudonym to the child.  
3 
 
 
(4) 
Mason has been incarcerated for all—or nearly all—of Olivia’s life and 
was incarcerated during both the dependency and neglect and the termination 
proceedings.  In fact, Mason has been incarcerated in Delaware since April 2006, 
when he was extradited here and held in default of bail on charges of attempted first 
degree murder and weapon offenses.3  He agreed to plead guilty to assault in the first 
degree, and was sentenced, effective April 5, 2006, to twenty years of Level V 
incarceration, suspended after fifteen years for two years of Level IV work release, 
suspended after six months for probation.4  The Family Court estimated that Mason 
has approximately nineteen months left of incarceration. 
 
(5) 
Mason was appointed counsel for the dependency and neglect 
proceedings.  He and his counsel participated in those proceedings.  Mason also 
attended the two-day termination-of-parental-rights hearing and, through his 
counsel, presented testimony in support of his position that terminating his parental 
rights was not in Olivia’s best interests.5 
 
(6) 
In Delaware, termination of parental rights is based on a two-step 
statutory analysis.6 Both steps must be established by clear and convincing 
                                          
 
3 See State v. [Mason], Cr. ID No. 0511021324 (Del. Super. Ct. Jan. 5, 2007). 
4 The Family Court erroneously stated that Mason “has been incarcerated since November 2009 
when he was arrested for various drug related charges.”  
5 Over the course of the hearing, the court also heard testimony from a cadre of professionals, 
including a DFS treatment worker, an adoption social worker, a foster care facilitator, a family 
assessment specialist, a family interventionist, and Olivia’s therapist. 
6 Shepherd v. Clemens, 752 A.2d 533, 536–37 (Del. 2000). 
4 
 
evidence.7  First, the Family Court must determine whether there is a statutory basis 
for termination under 13 Del. C. § 1103(a).  When, as in this case, the statutory basis 
for termination is an alleged failure or inability to plan, the court must find sufficient 
evidence of at least one additional statutory condition8 and find that DFS “made bona 
fide, reasonable efforts to reunite the family.”9  Second, if the court finds a statutory 
basis for termination, the court then must determine, under the factors set forth in 13 
Del. C. § 722(a), whether severing parental rights is in the best interest of the child. 
 
(7) 
In this case, the Family Court determined, first, that DFS presented 
clear and convincing evidence of a statutory basis for termination, namely Mason’s 
inability to plan for Olivia’s physical needs and mental and emotional health and 
development.10 The court also found the existence of several additional statutory 
conditions, including that Olivia had been in the custody of DFS for over one year;  
that, due to his incarceration, Mason is incapable of discharging his parental 
responsibilities; that Mason is not able to assume promptly legal and physical 
custody of Olivia and to pay for her support; and that failure to terminate Mason’s 
parental rights would cause Olivia continued emotional stability or physical risk.11  
                                          
 
7 Powell v. Dep't of Servs. for Children, Youth & Their Families, 963 A.2d 724, 731 (Del. 2008). 
8 § 1103(a)(5)(a)(1)–(5). 
9 963 A.2d at 737 (quoting Newton v. Div. of Family Servs., 2006 WL 2852409, at *2 (Del. Oct. 
4, 2006)).   
10 § 1103(a)(5). 
11 § 1103(a)(5)(a)(1), (3), (4), (5).     
5 
 
When finding that failure to terminate Mason’s parental rights would cause Olivia 
continued emotional stability or physical risk, the court considered other relevant 
factors and found that there was little likelihood that Mason can assume care of 
Olivia in the near future; that DFS did not thwart Mason’s efforts to assert his rights; 
and that delaying Olivia’s placement in a permanent home while awaiting Mason’s 
release from incarceration would be detrimental to her emotional well-being.12  As 
for DFS’ efforts to provide family preservation services to Mason under 29 Del. C. 
§ 9003(3)(b), the Family Court determined that Mason’s extended incarceration 
prevented DFS from providing such services. 
 
(8) 
Second, the Family Court considered each of the best-interest factors 
and found that the following six factors favored terminating Mason’s parental rights:  
Olivia’s wishes;13 the interaction and interrelationship of Olivia with Mason and 
other persons who may significantly affect her best interests; the mental and physical 
health of both Mason and Olivia; Olivia’s adjustment to her home, school, and 
community; Mason’s past and present compliance with his general rights and 
responsibilities as a parent; and Mason’s criminal history.14  The court found that 
                                          
 
12 § 1103(a)(5)(a)(1)(5)(A), (B), (E).  
13 Except for the trial testimony from Olivia’s therapist, the record reveals little about Olivia’s 
actual wishes as to her custody and residential arrangements.  According to the therapist, Olivia 
would like to live with the half-sister who was taken into DFS custody with her in March 2015 
and with whom she shared a foster home. Unlike her half-siblings, Olivia did not attend the 
interview with the trial judge.   
14 13 Del. C. § 722(a)(2)–(6), (8). 
6 
 
one factor—Mason’s wishes—weighed against terminating his parental rights.15  On 
another factor—evidence of domestic violence—the court was neutral.16 
 
(9) 
On appeal, Mason claims that DFS failed to use reasonable efforts to 
reunify him with Olivia and discriminated against him because of his incarceration.  
Mason’s claims are not supported by the record and are without merit.  Under the 
governing statute, DFS is required to make reasonable efforts to reunite the family 
“whenever feasible.”17  This Court has held that when a parent is incarcerated for an 
extended period, it may not be feasible to attempt reunification.18  In this case, the 
Family Court concluded that Mason’s extended incarceration prevented his 
reunification with Olivia and that, under the circumstances, DFS was not required to 
offer a reunification case plan to Mason.  We find no error or abuse of discretion in 
that ruling.  Moreover, although DFS did not offer a reunification case plan to 
Mason, it appears from the record that DFS did explore paternal relative resources.  
At trial, Fred Conkey, the DFS treatment worker, testified that, at Mason’s 
suggestion, he approached Mason’s mother—Olivia’s paternal grandmother—as a 
possible placement option for Olivia.  Mason’s mother told Conkey that she was 
                                          
 
15 § 722(a)(1). 
16 § 722(a)(7).   
17 29 Del. C. § 9003(13).   
18 See, e.g., Heller v. Div. of Family Servs., 669 A.2d 25, 30 (Del. 1995); cf. Waters v. Div. of 
Family Servs., 903 A.2d 720, 726 (Del. 2006) (finding that reunification services were feasible 
when father was released from incarceration less than thirty days after the paternity determination).   
7 
 
unwilling to have Olivia placed with her because she was already caring for another 
of Mason’s children.  Also, Conkey testified that he gave his contact information to 
Mason’s mother in case she wanted to visit with Olivia, but that Mason’s mother did 
not contact him. 
 
(10) Our review of a Family Court decision terminating parental rights 
requires consideration of the facts and the law as well as the inferences and 
deductions made by the Family Court.19   We review legal rulings de novo.20  If the 
Family Court has correctly applied the law, our review is limited to abuse of 
discretion.21  To the extent issues implicate rulings of fact, we review the factual 
findings of the Family Court only to assure that they are sufficiently supported by 
the record and are not clearly wrong.22  We will not disturb inferences and deductions 
that are supported by the record and are the product of an orderly and logical 
deductive process.23 
 
(11) Having carefully considered the parties’ submissions on appeal and the 
Family Court record, we conclude that the record supports the Family Court’s 
finding that there is clear and convincing evidence in favor of terminating Mason’s 
parental rights.  There is no abuse of discretion in the Family Court’s factual findings 
                                          
 
19 Wilson v. Div. of Family Servs., 988 A.2d 435, 439–40 (Del. 2010). 
20 Id. at 440. 
21 Id. 
22 Id. 
23 Id. 
8 
 
and no error in the court’s application of the law to the facts.  We are satisfied that 
Mason’s counsel made a conscientious effort to examine the record and the law and 
properly determined that Mason could not raise a meritorious claim on appeal. 
 
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Family 
Court is AFFIRMED.  The motion to withdraw is moot. 
 
 
 
 
 
BY THE COURT: 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Karen L. Valihura 
 
 
 
 
 
Justice