Title: State v. Shank

State: north-carolina

Issuer: North Carolina Supreme Court

Document:

394 S.E.2d 811 (1990)
327 N.C. 405
STATE of North Carolina
v.
John Quinton SHANK.
No. 260A89.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.
August 29, 1990.
*812 Lacy H. Thornburg, Atty. Gen. by Charles M. Hensey, Sp. Deputy Atty. Gen., Raleigh, for the State.
Malcolm Ray Hunter, Appellate Defender by Teresa A. McHugh, Asst. Appellate Defender, Raleigh, for defendant-appellant.
MITCHELL, Justice.
The defendant, John Quinton Shank, was indicted for the first-degree murder of his estranged wife, Dellarie Shank. He was convicted of first-degree murder at the 15 September 1986 Criminal Session of Superior Court, Cleveland County, and sentenced to life imprisonment. On his appeal of that conviction and sentence, this Court awarded a new trial. State v. Shank, 322 N.C. 243, 367 S.E.2d 639 (1988). After a retrial of the defendant at the 23 January 1989 Criminal Session of Superior Court, Cleveland County, the defendant was again convicted of the first-degree murder of his wife, and the trial court entered judgment sentencing him to life imprisonment. From that judgment, the defendant appealed to this Court as a matter of right.
Some of the evidence introduced upon the retrial of this case tended to show that a little after 8:30 a.m. on 6 January 1986, the defendant went to the Cleveland County Health Department, where his estranged wife worked. Shortly thereafter, he and the victim came out of the building and *813 stood outside the main entrance talking. The defendant reached into his jacket and pulled out a pistol, and the victim began running and screaming. The victim fell as the defendant fired the pistol at her three times. The defendant then ran over to the victim and fired twice more. He then got into his truck and left the scene. The victim died of multiple gunshot wounds.
At approximately 9:15 a.m., the defendant called his brother Clifford and told him that he had done "something stupid," that he had "shot Dellarie." Clifford Shank then left his place of employment in King's Mountain and drove to Shelby, where he located the defendant along the highway and picked him up. The defendant asked Clifford Shank to take him to South Carolina, but Clifford declined and left the defendant at a shopping center in Gastonia.
Evidence was introduced tending to show that the defendant purchased a pistol and ammunition on 3 January 1986. He bought a shoulder holster from a gun shop on 4 January 1986. At approximately 1:30 p.m. on 6 January 1986, the date the defendant's wife was killed, police found the gun and holster the defendant had bought in plain view on the bed in Carolyn Lawrence's house where the defendant had slept the previous night. The gun had been fired recently.
Carolyn Lawrence testified that she met the defendant at work and at some point began seeing him regularly. After October of 1985, the defendant occasionally spent the night with her. She testified that the defendant came to her home on the night of 5 January 1986 wearing a holster and pistol. He spent the night with her and was still in bed when she left for work the next day.
Additional evidence introduced at trial is discussed, where pertinent to the defendant's arguments, at other points in this opinion.
The defendant assigns error to the trial court's failure, upon objection by the defendant, to intervene and prevent or correct certain arguments made by the prosecutor in his closing arguments to the jury. In support of these assignments, the defendant contends that the prosecutor's arguments misstated critical evidence or traveled outside the record and were unsupported by the evidence.
The defendant first contends that the prosecutor misstated or mischaracterized certain testimony to the effect that, at the time of trial, the defendant suffered from amnesia concerning the events surrounding the killing of his wife. "It is well settled that arguments of counsel are left largely to the control and discretion of the trial judge and that counsel will be granted wide latitude in the argument of hotly contested cases." State v. Williams, 317 N.C. 474, 481, 346 S.E.2d 405, 410 (1986). Counsel may argue the facts which have been presented, "as well as reasonable inferences which can be drawn therefrom." Id. However, counsel may not argue facts which are not supported by the evidence. Id.
In the present case, Dr. William Varley, a psychologist, testified as an expert in psychology for the defendant. Dr. Varley testified that he had interviewed the defendant and administered various tests to him. Dr. Varley testified, inter alia, that the defendant suffered from amnesia concerning the killing of his wife.
During his closing arguments to the jury, the prosecutor argued that:
*814 The defendant contends specifically that the prosecutor misstated the evidence by arguing that Dr. Varley had testified that the defendant's telephone call fifteen minutes after the killing, in which the defendant stated he had killed his wife, would tend to show that the defendant's claim of amnesia might not be valid. We do not agree.
That part of Dr. Varley's testimony which is pertinent to this argument by the defendant, was as follows:
Taken in context, we conclude that Dr. Varley's testimony was to the effect that the defendant's telephone call stating that he had killed his wife, made approximately fifteen minutes after he had done so, did "conflict with the whole notion of amnesia." We further conclude that the prosecutor did not misstate the evidence, but simply drew a permissible inference from it, when he argued that Dr. Varley had testified that the telephone call would tend to show that the defendant's claim of amnesia might not be valid. It is true, of course, that despite any such possibility, Dr. Varley continued to draw the conclusion that the defendant suffered from amnesia at the time of trial concerning the events surrounding the killing of his wife. Nevertheless, the prosecutor's argument *815 did not mischaracterize the evidence and, at most, drew a permissible inference from Dr. Varley's testimony. Therefore, we find this argument by the defendant to be without merit.
The defendant next contends that the prosecutor improperly argued incompetent matters outside the record when he made the argument that:
Initially, we note that much of the prosecutor's argument tended to rebut arguments that counsel for the defendant had made in his closing argument to the jury; those arguments were to the effect that the defendant would not have killed his wife in order to get custody of his children and that his affair with Carolyn Lawrence did not mean that he was guilty of murder. Further, the prosecutor's argument was based upon reasonable inferences from the evidence and was otherwise proper.
The prosecutor's reference in his argument to newspapers and television, while not desirable or well advised, did not amount to an improper argument in the context in which it was made. Taken in context, we conclude that this argument merely called upon the jurors to draw upon their common sense and life experiences in order to recognize that a heightened likelihood of, and motive for, violence and even killing arises in a situation in which a married man has an affair with another woman. In this regard, the prosecutor's argument simply called upon the jury to apply the "commonsense judgment of the community." Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522, 530, 95 S. Ct. 692, 698, 42 L. Ed. 2d 690, 698 (1975). This is a proper function for the jury and one of the reasons for the jury system. State v. Scott, 314 N.C. 309, 311-12, 333 S.E.2d 296, 297-98 (1985). Although the prosecutor would have been better advised to make his appeal directly to the jury's own common sense and knowledge drawn from life experiences without reference to any outside sources, we do not believe that the argument was so improper as to require a new trial, particularly in light of the fact that the prosecutor was engaged in rebutting the prior closing argument of counsel for the defendant. See State v. Noell, 284 N.C. 670, 202 S.E.2d 750 (1974), vacated in part on other grounds, 428 U.S. 902, 96 S. Ct. 3203, 49 L. Ed. 2d 1205 (1976) (mem.).
The defendant further contends that this part of the prosecutor's argument went beyond the evidence and was improper because "there was no evidence presented to support the inference that John Shank killed his wife to make room for his relationship with Carolyn Lawrence." We find this argument without merit. First, the prosecutor's argument in this regard was directly responsive to the closing argument of counsel for the defendant to the effect that the fact that the defendant was having an affair with Carolyn Lawrence did not prove that he had planned to kill anyone. The prosecutor was entitled to rebut that argument by counsel for the defendant. See id. Additionally, it appears from the record to be uncontroverted that the defendant was having an affair with Carolyn Lawrence and left her bed on the morning of 6 January 1986 to go to kill his wife. Therefore, the prosecutor's argument that the defendant's affair with Lawrence *816 was a motive for the killing was one legitimate inference to be drawn from the evidence, and the prosecutor's argument to that effect was not improper.
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the defendant received a fair trial free of prejudicial error.
NO ERROR.