Title: Wilson v. State Farm Ins.

State: oregon

Issuer: Oregon Supreme Court

Document:

Filed:  February 12, 1998

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF OREGON

In the Matter of the Compensation
of Donna M. Wilson, Claimant.

DONNA M. WILSON,

	Petitioner on Review,

	v.

STATE FARM INSURANCE and
JAMES A. DEDERER, CPA,

	Respondents on Review.

(WCB 94-10507; CA A90709; SC S43841)

	On review from the Court of Appeals.*

	Argued and submitted April 29, 1997.

	G. Duff Bloom, of Coons, Cole, Cary & Wing, P.C., Eugene,
argued the cause and filed the petition for petitioner on review.

	Kenneth L. Kleinsmith, of Meyers, Radler, Replogle & Bohy,
Tigard, argued the cause and filed the brief for respondents on
review.

	Before Carson, Chief Justice, and Gillette, Van Hoomissen,
Graber, Durham and Kulongoski, Justices.**

	VAN HOOMISSEN, J.

	The decision of the Court of Appeals and the order of the
Workers' Compensation Board are reversed.  The case is remanded
to the Workers' Compensation Board for further proceedings.

	*Judicial review from the Workers' Compensation Board.

	 142 Or App 205, 920 P2d 181 (1996).

	**Fadeley, J., retired January 31, 1998, and did not
participate in this decision.

		VAN HOOMISSEN, J.

		In this case, we review the compensability under the
Workers' Compensation Law of an injury incurred by claimant when
she "skip-stepped" around a corner within her workplace.  The
Workers' Compensation Board (Board) denied compensation on the
ground that claimant's injury did not "arise out of" claimant's
employment.  ORS 656.005(7)(a).(1)  The Court of Appeals affirmed
without opinion.  Wilson v. State Farm Ins., 142 Or App 205, 920
P2d 181 (1996).  The sole issue presented is whether claimant's
injury arose out of her employment.  We review for errors of law. 
ORS 183.482(8)(a).  For the reasons that follow, we reverse and
remand to the Board for further proceedings.

		At the time of her injury, claimant was employed as a 
secretary for a certified public accountant (employer).  Shortly
before the end of her workday on a Friday afternoon, she asked
her employer if she could leave work early.  Her employer told
her that she could leave early, after she transferred the office
telephone to the answering service.  As claimant walked from her
employer's office to her work area, she "skip-stepped" around a
corner.(2)  In doing so, she tore her Achilles tendon, an injury
requiring medical attention.  

		Claimant sought workers' compensation coverage for her
injury.  Employer's insurer denied the claim.  An administrative
law judge (ALJ) found that skipping was not an integral part of
claimant's job and that skipping was not a risk connected with
her employment.  The ALJ further found that claimant's injury
occurred independently of any physical conditions at work.  The
ALJ, therefore, concluded that claimant's injury did not "arise
out of" her employment.

		The Board, with one member dissenting, affirmed,
concluding that claimant's injury did not result from an act that
was an ordinary risk of, or incidental to, her employment and,
therefore, did not "arise out of" her employment.  Accordingly,
the Board held that claimant had failed to establish that her
injury was compensable.(3) 

		On review, claimant argues that her injury arose out of
her employment, because moving about in the workplace involves
certain inherent work-related risks and "skip-stepping" around a
corner was not so unusual as to take her injury outside the realm
of work-related injuries. 

		For an injury to be compensable under the Workers'
Compensation Law, it must "arise out of" and occur "in the course
of" employment.  ORS 656.005(7)(a); Fred Meyer, Inc. v. Hayes,
325 Or 592, 596, 943 P2d 197 (1997).  Employer does not dispute
that claimant was "in the course of" her employment at the time
of her injury.  Thus, the sole issue presented is whether
claimant's injury "arose out of" her employment.  "That inquiry
tests the causal connection between the claimant's injury and a
risk connected with her employment." Fred Meyer, 325 Or at 601
(citations omitted).  In Redman Industries, Inc. v. Lang, 326 Or
32, 35-36, 943 P2d 208 (1997), this court stated:

		"In prior cases interpreting ORS 656.005(7)(a),
this court has held that the inquiry into whether an
injury 'arises out of employment' tests the causal
connection between the injury and the employment.  A
causal connection requires more than a mere showing
that the injury occurred at the workplace and during
working hours.  A causal connection must be linked to a
risk connected with the nature of the work or a risk to
which the work environment exposed claimant. 

		"In some jurisdictions, courts have required not
only that an injury be linked to a risk connected with
employment, but also that the risk be 'peculiar to the
employment' or that the employment 'increase[] the risk
of injury.'  However, this court has 'rejected "the
largely obsolete 'peculiar-risk' and 'increased-risk'
considerations" in assessing whether a worker's injury
was linked to a risk connected with employment.'" 
(Citations omitted.)

		Claimant's possible negligence in maneuvering around
the corner is irrelevant.  Workers' compensation is a no-fault
system that compensates a worker for injuries that arise out of
and occur in the course of the worker's employment.  One
objective of the Workers' Compensation Law is to provide,
regardless of fault, sure, prompt, and complete medical treatment
for injured workers.  See ORS 656.012(2)(a) (so stating); see
also Andrews v. Tektronix, Inc., 323 Or 154, 159-60, 915 P2d 972
(same); Clark v. U.S. Plywood, 288 Or 255, 259, 605 P2d 265
(1980) ("Contributory fault or contributory negligence is no
defense to a claim for compensation benefits, unless due to 'the
deliberate intention of the worker.'  ORS 656.156(1)."). 

		The Board reasoned:

 	"Here, claimant was injured when she skipped
around a corner at work.  Other than the injury
occurring on the employer's premises, we find no risk
connected with claimant's employment.  The employer did
not contemplate or expect claimant to skip around the
corner nor had he seen claimant skip in the office. 
Skipping was not the usual means for claimant to go to
her office.  The decision to skip was claimant's, not
the employer's.  Other than the fact that claimant was
'happy' because she could leave work early, there was
no condition associated with her work to cause the
injury."  (Footnotes omitted.)

In a footnote, the Board stated:

	"Claimant argues that 'locomoting' herself within the
office to perform a specific job duty is within the
ambit of conditions of employment.  Perhaps, if
claimant had used her usual means of ambulation, we may
have agreed."

We find nothing in the Workers' Compensation Law, or in any of
this court's cases interpreting it, to support the Board's
underlying premise, viz., that injuries are not compensable if
the worker's method of carrying out a work-related activity --
here, moving about the office during working hours while
completing a work shift -- is not a "usual" means of doing so. 
In Clark, 288 Or at 261, this court stated:

		"Injuries sustained by a worker in doing the
appointed task are normally compensable, absent self-inflicted injury.  Contributory fault of the employee
is no defense." 

		The fact that the employer did not contemplate or
expect claimant to "skip-step" around the corner as she was
walking to her work area does not undermine compensability. 
Certainly, employers cannot contemplate or expect every unusual
means that a worker may use to accomplish various work-related
tasks.  For example, in Andrews, 323 Or at 163, the employer
argued that, by disobeying the employer's instruction to avoid
lifting heavy objects, the worker lost his entitlement to
compensation.  This court rejected that reasoning, stating:

	"[F]or purposes of determining whether a claimant's
injury is compensable, his or her status as a worker
does not depend on demonstrable submission to the
employer's right of direction and control at the
precise moment in time that the injury was sustained. 
This court's opinions on the issue of at-work
'horseplay' are a case in point:  Employees who engage
in on-the-job horseplay can hardly be said to be
subject to the direction and control of their employers
for the period of time that they are so engaged, yet
injuries sustained in the course of horseplay may
nevertheless be deemed to 'arise out of and in the
course of employment.'"  Ibid. (emphasis in original;
citation omitted).

If an injury resulting from a prohibited method of accomplishing
a task is compensable, a fortiori, an injury resulting only from
an unusual method of doing so generally is compensable.  In
short, the fact that employer did not contemplate or expect
claimant's precise method of rounding the corner as she returned
to her office does not render her resulting injury
noncompensable. 

		We conclude that claimant has satisfied the "arising
out of" prong of the work-connection test by showing a causal
link between her injury and her work.  The "in the course of"
prong was uncontested.  Thus, claimant demonstrated her
entitlement to compensation.

		The decision of the Court of Appeals and the order of
the Workers' Compensation Board are reversed.  The case is
remanded to the Workers' Compensation Board for further
proceedings.

1. 	ORS 656.005(7)(a) provides in part:

		"A 'compensable injury' is an accidental injury *
* * arising out of and in the course of employment[.]"

2. 	The term "skip-step" originates from claimant's
description of the injury before the administrative law judge.
She described the "skip-step" as similar to a "little stutter
step" that one might take when realizing that there is not enough
room to take two steps.

3. 	The Board stated in its order that "the record does not
persuasively establish that claimant was returning to her office
to transfer the phones to the answering service."  However, the
Board affirmatively found that claimant was "on the way to her
office" at the time of her injury.  There is no evidence in the
record that claimant's return to her office was anything other
than work connected.