Title: In Re: Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases

State: florida

Issuer: Florida Supreme Court

Document:

Supreme Court of Florida 
 
 
____________ 
 
No. SC14-2035 
____________ 
 
 
IN RE:  STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES—
REPORT NO. 2014-07. 
 
[April 30, 2015] 
 
PER CURIAM. 
 
The Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal 
Cases (Committee) has submitted proposed changes to the standard jury 
instructions and asks that the Court authorize the amended standard instructions for 
publication and use.  We have jurisdiction.  See art. V, § 2(a), Fla. Const. 
 
The Committee proposes amending the following existing standard criminal 
jury instructions:  3.8(b) (Conviction of Certain Crimes as Impeachment); 11.7 
(Unlawful Sexual Activity with Certain Minors); 11.10(a) (Lewd or Lascivious 
Battery (Engaging in Sexual Activity)); 11.10(b) (Lewd or Lascivious Battery 
(Encouraging, Forcing or Enticing)); 11.10(c) (Lewd or Lascivious Molestation); 
11.10(d) (Lewd or Lascivious Conduct); 11.10(e) (Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition 
Presence of Child); 11.11 (Lewd or Lascivious Offenses Committed Upon or in the 
 
 
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Presence of an Elderly Person or Disabled Person); 11.13 (Voyeurism); 11.17(a) 
(Soliciting a [Child] [Person Believed by the Defendant to be a Child] for 
Unlawful Sexual Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices); 11.17(b) 
(Soliciting a Parent, Legal Guardian, or Custodian of a Child for Unlawful Sexual 
Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices); 11.17(c) (Traveling to Meet a 
Minor); and 11.17(d) (Traveling to Meet a Minor Facilitated by Parent, Legal 
Guardian, or Custodian).  The Committee also proposes the following new jury 
instructions:  11.20 (Transmission of Child Pornography by Electronic Device or 
Equipment); 11.21 (Transmission of Material Harmful to Minors by Electronic 
Device or Equipment); and 15.5 (Resisting Recovery of Stolen Property).  The 
Committee published its proposals in The Florida Bar News.  Three comments 
were received by the Committee.  The Court did not publish the proposals after 
they were filed. 
Having considered the Committee’s report and the comments submitted to 
the Committee, with the exception discussed below, we amend the standard jury 
instructions as proposed by the Committee and authorize them for publication and 
use. 
With respect to jury instruction 11.17(c) (Traveling to Meet a Minor) and 
instruction 11.17(d) (Traveling to Meet a Minor Facilitated by Parent, Legal 
Guardian, or Custodian), the Court at this time declines to authorize these 
 
 
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instructions.  Both instructions, as proposed, include language under the “Lesser 
Included Offenses” portion of the instructions that the courts may consider the 
crime of Solicitation under section 847.0135(3)(a) or (3)(b), Florida Statutes 
(2014), respectively, to be a necessary lesser-included offense of Traveling under 
section 847.0135(4)(a) or (4)(b), respectively.  However, in State v. Shelley, Case 
No. SC14-755, the Court is currently considering whether, for purposes of double 
jeopardy, a defendant may be punished both for soliciting a person believed to be a 
parent to consent to unlawful sexual activity with a child and for traveling to meet 
the minor after soliciting the person believed to be a parent.  Until this issue is 
resolved, we decline to authorize the proposed amendments to instructions 
11.17(c) and 11.17(d) for publication and use. 
The new and amended criminal jury instructions, as set forth in the appendix 
to this opinion, are hereby authorized for publication and use.1  New language is 
indicated by underlining, and deleted language is indicated by struck-through type.  
In authorizing the publication and use of these instructions, we express no opinion 
on their correctness and remind all interested parties that this authorization 
                                          
 
 
1.  The amendments as reflected in the appendix are to the Criminal Jury 
Instructions as they appear on the Court’s website at www.floridasupremecourt.org 
/jury_instructions/instructions.shtml.  We recognize that there may be minor 
discrepancies between the instructions as they appear on the website and the 
published versions of the instructions.  Any discrepancies as to instructions 
authorized for publication and use after October 25, 2007, should be resolved by 
reference to the published opinion of this Court authorizing the instruction. 
 
 
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forecloses neither requesting additional or alternative instructions nor contesting 
the legal correctness of the instructions.  We further caution all interested parties 
that any comments associated with the instructions reflect only the opinion of the 
Committee and are not necessarily indicative of the views of this Court as to their 
correctness or applicability.  The instructions as set forth in the appendix shall be 
effective when this opinion becomes final. 
 
It is so ordered. 
LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, QUINCE, CANADY, POLSTON, 
and PERRY, JJ., concur.  
 
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND 
IF FILED, DETERMINED.  
 
Original Proceedings – Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions in 
Criminal Cases 
 
Judge Jerri Lynn Collins, Chair, Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury 
Instructions in Criminal Cases, Sanford, Florida; and Bart Neil Schneider, Staff 
Liaison, Office of the State Courts Administrator, Tallahassee, Florida,  
 
for Petitioner 
 
 
 
 
 
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APPENDIX 
3.8(b) CONVICTION OF CERTAIN CRIMES 
AS IMPEACHMENT 
§§ 90.107, 90.610(1), Fla.Stat. 
 
 
To be given at the time the evidence is admitted, if requested. 
 
The evidence that you are about to receive that [(witness)] [(defendant)] 
has been convicted of (crime) should be considered by you only in weighing  the 
credibility of [(witness's)] [(defendant's)] testimony and not for any other 
purpose. 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in July 1995. 
 
11.7 UNLAWFUL SEXUAL ACTIVITY WITH CERTAIN MINORS 
§ 794.05, Fla._Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Sexual Activity with a Minor, the State must prove 
the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
           Give 1a and/or 1b depending on the allegations and the evidence. 
1. 
(Victim) was 16 or 17 years of age. 
a.           (Defendant) committed an act with (victim) in which 
               the sexual organ of the [(defendant)] [(victim)] penetrated or 
               had union with the [anus] [vagina] [mouth] of the [(victim)] 
               [(defendant)]. 
 
b.           (Defendant) committed an act with (victim) in which 
               the [anus] [vagina] of [(victim)] [(defendant)] was penetrated 
               by an object.  The definition of “an object” includes a finger.  
 
2. 
At the time, (Ddefendant) was 24 years of age or older. 
 
3. 
At the time, (victim) was 16 or 17 years of age.  (Defendant) 
 
engaged in sexual activity with a minor in which the sexual organ 
          of the [(defendant)] [(victim)] penetrated or had union with the 
          [anus] [vagina] [mouth] of the [(victim)][(defendant)].] 
 
 
 
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Give if applicable.  
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
 
The definition of “an object” includes a finger. 
 
 
Give if applicable. 
§ 794.05(1), Fla. Stat. 
  
Sexual activity does not include an act done for a bona fide medical 
purpose. 
 
Give if requested. § 794.05(3), Fla. Stat. 
(Victim’s) lack of chastity is not a defense to the crime charged. 
 
Give if requested. Feliciano v. State, 937 So. 2d 818 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006); 
§ 794.021, Fla. Stat.  
The defendant’s ignorance of (victim’s) age, (victim’s) misrepresentation 
of his or her age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of (victim’s) age is not a 
defense to the crime charged.  
 
§ 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Sexual Activity With 
a Minor, you must also determine whether the State has proved beyond a 
reasonable doubt that (defendant) was an authority figure at a school and 
(victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of  
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school.  
 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
UNLAWFUL SEXUAL ACTIVITY WITH CERTAIN MINORS — 
794.05 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 1998 [723 So. 2d 123] and amended in 2015. 
 
 
If removal of the disabilities of nonage is raised as an issue pursuant to 
§ 794.05(2), Fla._Stat., the jury should be instructed with respect to § 743.01 
et seq. 
 
11.10(a) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS BATTERY 
(ENGAGING IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY) 
§ 800.04(4)(a)1, Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious Battery, the State must prove 
the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Victim) was twelve years of age or older, but under the age of 
sixteen years. 
 
 
2. 
(Defendant) 
 
a. 
[committed an act [upon] [with] (victim) in which the sexual 
organ of the [(defendant)] [(victim)] penetrated or had union 
with the [anus] [vagina] [mouth] of the [(victim)] 
[(defendant)].] 
 
b. 
[committed an act [upon] [with] (victim) in which the [anus] 
[vagina] of [(victim)] [(defendant)] was penetrated by an 
object.] The definition of “an object” includes a finger. 
 
 
Definitions. Give if applicable. 
          Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
 
 
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“An object” includes a finger.  
 
“Union” means contact. 
 
           Give if applicable. 
          § 800.04(1)(a), Fla. Stat.  
However, any act done for bona fide medical purposes is not a lewd or 
lascivious battery. 
 
           § 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
Neither the victim’s (victim’s) lack of chastity nor victim’s (victim’s) 
consent is a defense to the crime charged. 
 
§ 800.04(3), Fla. Stat. 
The defendant’s ignorance of victim’s (victim’s) age, victim’s (victim’s) 
misrepresentation of [his] [her] age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of 
(victim’s) age is not a defense to the crime charged. 
 
§ 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Lewd or Lascivious 
Battery, you must also determine whether the State has proved beyond a 
reasonable doubt that (defendant) was an authority figure at a school and 
(victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school.   
 
 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS BATTERY (ENGAGING IN SEXUAL 
ACTIVITY) — 800.04(4)(a)1 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Unnatural and lascivious 
act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
Comments 
 
 
In 2014, the legislature created a lewd and lascivious battery classified as a 
first degree felony if the defendant was 18 years of age or older at the time of the 
crime and had a prior conviction for an enumerated crime. See § 800.04(4)(c), Fla. 
Stat. If this enhancement is charged, it is likely that Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 
U.S. 466 (2000) requires the jury to make at least one additional finding regarding 
the defendant’s age. 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007 [SC05-1434, October 25, 2007 969 So. 
2d 245] and amended in 2015. 
 
11.10(b) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS BATTERY 
(ENCOURAGING, FORCING OR ENTICING) 
§800.04(4)(ba)2, Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious bBattery, the State must 
prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Victim) was under the age of sixteen years. 
 
 
 
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2. 
(Defendant) [encouraged] [forced] [or] [enticed] (victim) to engage 
in [sadomasochistic abuse] [sexual bestiality]  [prostitution] [or] 
[any act involving sexual activity]. 
 
 
Definitions. 
          Give if applicable. 
§ 800.04(1)(a), Fla. Stat. 
  
“Sexual activity” means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or 
union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of 
another by any other object; however, sexual activity does not include an act 
done for a bona fide medical purpose. 
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
“An object” includes a finger. 
 
“Union” means contact. 
 
§ 827.071(d) and §_847.001(13), Fla. Stat. 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise physically 
restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction from inflicting harm 
on another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
§ 827.071(f) and §_847.001(15), Fla. Stat. 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act between a person and an 
animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, or vagina of 
the other. 
 
 
§ 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
Neither the victim’s (victim’s) lack of chastity nor victim’s (victim’s) 
consent is a defense to the crime charged. 
 
§ 800.04(3), Fla. Stat. 
The defendant’s ignorance of victim’s (victim’s) age, victim’s (victim’s) 
misrepresentation of [his] [her] age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of 
(victim’s) age is not a defense to the crime charged. 
 
§ 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
 
 
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If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Lewd or Lascivious 
Battery, you must also determine whether the State has proved beyond a 
reasonable doubt that (defendant) was an authority figure at a school and 
(victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS BATTERY (ENCOURAGING, FORCING OR 
ENTICING) — 800.04(4)(ba)2 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Unnatural and lascivious 
act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
 
 
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Comments 
 
 
In 2014, the legislature created a lewd and lascivious battery classified as a 
first degree felony if the defendant was 18 years of age or older at the time of the 
crime and had a prior conviction for an enumerated crime. See § 800.04(4)(c), Fla. 
Stat. If this enhancement is charged, it is likely that Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 
U.S. 466 (2000) requires the jury to make at least one additional finding regarding 
the defendant’s age. 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007 [SC05 1434, October 25, 2007 969 So. 
2d 245] and amended in 2015. 
 
11.10(c) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS MOLESTATION 
§ 800.04(5), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious Molestation, the State must 
prove the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
Give 1a or 1b as applicable. 
1. (Victim) 
 
a. was 12 years of age or older but less than 16 years of 
age. 
 
b. was less than 12 years of age. 
 
Give 2a or 2b as applicable. 
2. (Defendant), 
 
a. in a lewd or lascivious manner, intentionally touched 
the [breasts] [genitals] [genital area] [buttocks] 
[clothing covering the breasts] [clothing covering the 
genitals] [clothing covering the genital area] [clothing 
covering the buttocks] of (victim). 
 
b. in a lewd or lascivious manner, intentionally [forced] 
[enticed] (victim) to touch the [breasts] [genitals] 
[genital area] [buttocks] [clothing covering the 
breasts] [clothing covering the genitals] [clothing 
covering the genital area] [clothing covering the 
buttocks] of (defendant). 
 
 
- 13 - 
 
 
Give 3a or 3b as applicable. 
3. (Defendant) 
 
a. was 18 years of age or older at the time of the offense. 
 
b. was less than 18 years of age at the time of the offense. 
 
 
Definition. 
The words “lewd” and “lascivious” mean the same thing: a wicked, 
lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person doing 
an act. 
 
           Give if applicable. 
 
§ 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
Neither (victim’s) lack of chastity nor (victim’s) consent is a defense to 
the crime charged. 
 
§ 800.04(3), Fla. Stat. 
The defendant’s ignorance of victim’s (victim’s) age, victim’s (victim’s) 
misrepresentation of [his] [her] age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of 
(victim’s) age is not a defense to the crime charged. 
 
Give if applicable. § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Lewd or Lascivious 
Molestation, you must also determine whether the State has proved beyond a 
reasonable doubt that (defendant) was an authority figure at a school and 
(victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
 
 
- 14 - 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS MOLESTATION — 800.04(5) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Unnatural and lascivious 
act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
Comments 
 
 
In 2014, the legislature created a lewd and lascivious molestation classified 
as a first degree felony depending on the ages of the defendant and victim and 
whether the defendant had a prior conviction for an enumerated crime. If this 
enhancement is charged, Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000) may require 
the jury to make additional findings regarding the prior qualifying conviction 
and/or the age of the victim involved. See § 800.04(5)(e), Fla. Stat. 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2008 [998 So. 2d 1138] and amended in 
2013 [109 So. 3d 721] and 2015. 
 
11.10(d) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS CONDUCT 
§ 800.04(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious Conduct, the State must 
prove the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
 
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1. 
(Victim) was under the age of 16 years. 
 
 
2. 
(Defendant) 
 
a. 
[intentionally touched (victim) in a lewd or lascivious 
manner]. 
 
b. 
[solicited (victim) to commit a lewd or lascivious act]. 
 
 
 
Give 3a or 3b as applicable. 
3. 
a. 
(Defendant) was 18 years of age or older at the time of the 
offense. 
 
 
b. 
(Defendant) was less than 18 years of age at the time of the 
offense. 
 
 
Definitions. 
 
The words “lewd” and “lascivious” mean the same thing and mean a 
wicked, lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person 
doing an act. 
 
           Give if applicable.  
 
To “solicit” means to ask earnestly or to try to induce the person 
solicited to do the thing solicited. 
 
           § 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
Neither (victim’s) lack of chastity nor (victim’s) consent is a defense to 
the crime charged. 
 
           § 800.04(3), Fla. Stat. 
 
The defendant’s ignorance of (victim’s) age, (victim’s) misrepresentation 
of [his] [her] age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of (victim’s) age is not a 
defense to the crime charged. 
 
 
 § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Lewd or Lascivious 
Conduct, you must also determine whether the State has proved beyond a 
 
 
- 16 - 
reasonable doubt that (defendant) was an authority figure at a school and 
(victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS CONDUCT – 800.04(6) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Unnatural and lascivious 
act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2008 [998 So. 2d 1138] and amended in 
2015. 
 
 
 
- 17 - 
11.10(e) LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS EXHIBITION 
PRESENCE OF CHILD 
§ 800.04(7)(a), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition, the State must 
prove the following four elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1. 
(Victim) was under the age of 16 years. 
 
2. 
(Defendant)  
 
a. 
[intentionally masturbated]. 
 
b. 
[intentionally exposed [his] [her] genitals in a lewd or 
lascivious manner]. 
 
c. 
[committed [a sexual act] [sadomasochistic abuse] [sexual 
bestiality] [simulation of any act involving sexual activity] 
that did not involve actual physical or sexual contact with 
(victim)]. 
 
3. 
The act was committed in the presence of (victim). 
 
Give 4a or 4b as applicable. 
4. 
a. 
(Defendant) was 18 years of age or older at the time of the 
offense. 
 
 
b. 
(Defendant) was less than 18 years of age at the time of the 
offense. 
 
 
Definitions. 
Give if applicable 
The words “lewd” and “lascivious” mean the same thing and mean a 
wicked, lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person 
doing an act. 
 
§ 800.04(1)(a), Fla. Stat.  
“Sexual activity” means the oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or 
union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of 
 
 
- 18 - 
another by any other object; however, sexual activity does not include an act 
done for a bona fide medical purpose. 
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
“An object” includes a finger.  
 
 
§ 847.001(13), Fla. Stat. 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
on another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
 
§ 847.001(15), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between a 
person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, 
or vagina of the other. 
 
 
§ 800.04, Fla. Stat. See State v. Werner, 609 So.2d 585 (Fla. 1992). 
 
“In the presence of” means that (victim) saw, heard, or otherwise sensed 
that the act was taking place. 
 
 
§ 800.04(2), Fla. Stat. 
Neither (victim’s) lack of chastity nor (victim’s) consent is a defense to 
the crime charged. 
 
§ 800.04(3), Fla. Stat. 
The defendant’s ignorance of (victim’s) age, (victim’s) misrepresentation 
of his or her age, or the defendant’s bona fide belief of (victim’s) age is not a 
defense to the crime charged. 
 
            § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Lewd or Lascivious 
Exhibition in the Presence of a Child, you must also determine whether the 
State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that (defendant) was an authority 
figure at a school and (victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
 
- 19 - 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS EXHIBITION PRESENCE OF CHILD — 
800.04(7)(a) 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Exposure of Sexual 
Organs 
800.03 
11.9 
 
Unnatural and lascivious 
act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
Comment 
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2008 [998 So. 2d 1138] and amended in 
2015. 
 
 
 
- 20 - 
11.11 LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS OFFENSES COMMITTED UPON OR IN 
THE PRESENCE OF AN ELDERLY PERSON OR DISABLED PERSON 
§ 825.1025, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of [Lewd or Lascivious Battery] [Lewd or Lascivious 
Molestation] [Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition] upon or in the Presence of an 
Elderly Person or Disabled Person, the State must prove the following three 
elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1.  
(Victim) was [an elderly] [a disabled] person. 
 
Give 2a, 2b, or 2c as applicable. 
2.  
a.  (Defendant) committed lewd and lascivious battery by 
               encouraging, forcing, or enticing (victim) to engage in 
               [sadomasochistic abuse] [sexual bestiality] [prostitution] [any 
               act involving sexual activity].  
 
 
b.  (Defendant) committed lewd and lascivious molestation of 
               (victim) by intentionally touching in a lewd and lascivious 
               manner [his] [her] [breasts] [genitals] [genital area] [buttocks] 
               [clothing covering [his] [her] [breasts] [genitals] [genital area] 
               [buttocks]]. 
 
 
c.  (Defendant) committed lewd and lascivious exhibition to  
               (victim) by [intentionally masturbating] [intentionally exposing 
               [his] [her] genitals in a lascivious manner] [committing any 
               other lewd or lascivious act not involving physical or sexual  
               contact with (victim) including but not limited to 
               [sadomasochistic abuse] [sexual bestiality] [simulated any act 
               involving sexual activity]]. 
 
3.  
(Defendant) knew or reasonably should have known that the 
(victim) lacked the capacity to consent or failed to give consent. 
 
Definitions.  Give as applicable.  
 
The words “lewd” and “lascivious” mean the same thing and mean a 
wicked, lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person 
doing an act. 
 
 
 
- 21 - 
 
If 2a or 2c is alleged, define the act charged from § 847.001, Fla. Stat. 
§ 825.1025(1), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Disabled adult” means a person 18 years of age or older who suffers 
from a condition of physical or mental incapacitation due to a developmental 
disability, organic brain damage, or mental illness, or who has one or more 
physical or mental limitations that restrict the person’s ability to perform the 
normal activities of daily living. 
 
 
“Elderly person” means a person 60 years of age or older who is 
suffering from the infirmities of aging as manifested by advanced age or 
organic brain damage, or other physical, mental, or emotional dysfunctioning, 
to the extent that the ability of the person to provide adequately for the 
person’s care or protection is impaired. 
 
 
 
“Lacks capacity to consent” means an impairment by reason of mental 
illness, developmental disability, organic brain disorder, physical illness or 
disability, chronic use of drugs, chronic intoxication, short-term memory loss, 
or other cause, that causes an elderly person or disabled adult to lack 
sufficient understanding or capacity to make or communicate reasonable 
decisions concerning the elderly person’s or disabled adult’s person or 
property. 
 
            Give if applicable. § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of [Lewd or Lascivious 
Battery] [Lewd or Lascivious Molestation] [Lewd or Lascivious Exhibition] 
upon or in the Presence of an [Elderly] [Disabled] Person, you must also 
determine whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that 
(defendant) was an authority figure at a school and (victim) was a student at 
the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
 
 
- 22 - 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
11.14 LEWD OR LASCIVIOUS OFFENSES COMMITTED UPON OR IN 
THE PRESENCE OF AN ELDERLY PERSON OR DISABLED PERSON – 
825.1025 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA._STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Unnatural and 
lascivious act 
800.02 
11.8 
 
Exposure of sexual 
organs 
800.03 
11.9 
 
Comments 
 
 
§ 825.1025, Fla. Stat. protects a “disabled person” (age unspecific) while      
§ 825.101, Fla. Stat. defines a “disabled adult” (18 years of age or older). The 
discrepancy between the two terms has yet to be clarified.   
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2007 [965 So. 2d 811] and amended in 2010 
[48 So. 3d 41] and 2015.  See Jennings v. State, 920 So. 2d 32 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005). 
 
11.13 VOYEURISM 
§ 810.14, Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Voyeurism, the State must prove the following 
[three] [four] elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
          Give if § 810.14(1)(a), Fla. Stat. is charged.   
1. 
(Defendant) secretly [observed] (victim). 
 
 
 
- 23 - 
2. 
The (act alleged) (Defendant’s) observation was done with a [lewd], 
[lascivious], or [indecent] intent. 
 
3. 
When (victim) was observed, [he] [she] (victim) was in a [dwelling] 
[structure] [conveyance] in which [he] [she] had a reasonable 
expectation of privacy. 
 
           Give if § 810.14(1)(b), Fla. Stat. is charged.   
1.     (Defendant) secretly observed any portion of (victim’s) body or  
undergarments that were covered by clothing and were intended 
to be protected from public view. 
 
2. 
(Defendant’s) observation was done with a lewd, lascivious, or     
indecent intent. 
 
3. 
At the time, (victim) was located in a public or private [dwelling] 
[structure] [conveyance]. 
 
4.      (Victim) had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the portion of 
          [his] [her] body or undergarments observed by (defendant).   
 
 
The words lewd, lascivious, and indecent mean the same thing: a 
wicked, lustful, unchaste, licentious, or sensual intent on the part of the person 
doing the act. 
 
 
Definitions. Give as applicable. Jacobs v. State, 41 So. 3d 1004 (Fla. 1st 
DCA 2010). 
 
“Dwelling” means a building [or conveyance] of any kind, including any 
attached porch [or attached garage], whether such building [or conveyance] is 
temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over it and is 
designed to be occupied by people lodging therein at night, together with the 
enclosed space of ground and outbuildings immediately surrounding it. The 
enclosure need not be continuous and may have an opening for entering and 
exiting.  
 
 
 Jacobs v. State, 41 So. 3d 1004 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010). 
 
“Structure” means any kind of building, either temporary or 
permanent, that has a roof over it, together with the enclosed space of ground 
and outbuildings immediately surrounding it. The enclosure need not be 
continuous and may have an opening for entering and exiting. 
 
 
- 24 - 
 
 
“Conveyance” means any motor vehicle, ship, vessel, railroad car, 
trailer, aircraft or sleeping car. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
VOYEURISM — 810.14 
CATEGORY ONE CATEGORY TWO FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comments 
 
 
It is error to inform the jury of a prior conviction before a determination of 
guilt of the charged offense. Therefore, do not read the allegation of prior 
conviction or send the information or indictment into the jury room.  If the 
defendant is convicted of the current charge, the historical fact of a previous 
conviction shall be determined beyond a reasonable doubt by the jury in a 
bifurcated proceeding. State v. Harbaugh, 754 So. 2d 691 (Fla. 2000).  
 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2000 [765 So. 2d 692], and amended in 2008 
[982 So. 2d 1160], and 2013 [122 So. 3d 263], and 2015. 
 
11.17(a) SOLICITING A [CHILD] [PERSON BELIEVED BY THE 
DEFENDANT TO BE A CHILD] FOR UNLAWFUL SEXUAL CONDUCT 
USING COMPUTER SERVICES OR DEVICES 
§ 847.0135(3)(a), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Soliciting a [Child] [Person Believed by the 
Defendant to be a Child] for Unlawful Sexual Conduct Using Computer 
Services or Devices, the State must prove the following three elements beyond 
a reasonable doubt: 
1. 
(Defendant) knowingly used a[n] [computer on-line service] 
 
 
[Internet service] [local bulletin board service] [device 
capable of electronic data storage or transmission] to contact  
(victim).  
 
2. 
(Victim) was a child or a person believed by the defendant to be a 
child. 
 
 
- 25 - 
 
3. 
During that contact, (defendant) [seduced] [solicited] [lured] 
[enticed] [attempted to [seduce] [solicit] [lure] [entice]] (victim) to 
engage in [commit (any illegal act as charged in the indictment or 
information under chapter 794, 800, or 827,)] or [or] [engage in 
(other unlawful sexual conduct with a child or with a person believed 
by the defendant to be a child)]. 
 
The mere fact that an undercover operative or law enforcement officer 
was involved in the detection and investigation of this offense shall not 
constitute a defense from prosecution. 
 
Enhanced penalty. Give if applicable. 
If you find (defendant) guilty of Soliciting a Child for Unlawful Sexual 
Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices, you must also determine 
whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that: during the 
contact, (defendant) misrepresented [his] [her] age to [(victim)] [the person 
believed by the defendant to be a child]. 
during the contact, (defendant) misrepresented [his] [her] age to 
[(victim)] [the person believed by the defendant to be a child]. 
The mere fact that an undercover operative or law enforcement officer 
was involved in the detection and investigation of this offense shall not 
constitute a defense from prosecution. 
 
Definitions. 
 
A “child” means any person, whose identity is known or unknown, less 
than 18 years of age. 
 
 
Give the following definitions if applicable. Additional definitions can be 
added as applicable depending on the nature of the alleged illegal conduct. See 
§ 847.001, Fla. Stat.   
 
“Sexual conduct” means actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate 
sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, or sadomasochistic abuse; 
actual lewd exhibition of the genitals; actual physical contact with a person’s 
clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if such person is a 
female, breast with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of either 
party; or any act or conduct which constitutes sexual battery or simulates that 
sexual battery is being or will be committed. A mother’s breastfeeding of her 
baby does not under any circumstance constitute “sexual conduct.” 
 
 
- 26 - 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
upon another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
 
“Sexual battery” means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union 
with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another 
by any other object; however, sexual battery does not include an act done for 
a bona fide medical purpose. 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
“An object” includes a finger.  
 
“Deviate sexual intercourse” means sexual conduct between persons not 
married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, 
the mouth and the penis, or the mouth and the vulva. 
 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between a 
person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, 
or vagina of the other. 
            Give if applicable. § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Soliciting a [Child] 
[Person Believed by the Defendant to be a Child] for Unlawful Sexual 
Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices, you must also determine 
whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that (defendant) was 
an authority figure at a school and (victim) was a student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
 
 
- 27 - 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2009 [6 So. 3d 574] and amended in 2013 
[122 So. 3d 263] and 2015. 
11.17(b) SOLICITING A PARENT, LEGAL GUARDIAN, OR CUSTODIAN 
OF A CHILD FOR UNLAWFUL SEXUAL CONDUCT USING 
COMPUTER SERVICES OR DEVICES 
§ 847.0135(3)(b), Fla. Stat. 
 
 
To prove the crime of Soliciting a Parent of a Child for Unlawful Sexual 
Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices, the State must prove the 
following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
1. 
(Defendant) knowingly used a[n] [computer on-line service]  
 
[Internet service] [local bulletin board service] [device  
capable of electronic data storage or transmission] to contact a 
[parent of a child] [legal guardian of a child] [custodian of a child] 
[person the defendant believed to be a [parent] [legal guardian] 
[custodian of] a child]. 
 
 
2. 
During that contact, (defendant) [solicited] [lured] [enticed] 
[attempted to [solicit] [lure] [entice]] a [parent of a child] [legal 
guardian of a child] [custodian of a child] [person believed by the 
defendant to be a [parent] [legal guardian] [custodian of] a child] 
to consent to the participation of  the child in (any illegal act as 
charged in the indictment or information under chapter 794, 800, 827, 
or other unlawful sexual conduct).  
 
 
 
- 28 - 
The mere fact that an undercover operative or law enforcement officer 
was involved in the detection and investigation of this offense shall not 
constitute a defense from prosecution. 
Enhanced penalty. Give if applicable. 
If you find (defendant) guilty of Soliciting a Parent of a Child for 
Unlawful Sexual Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices, you must also 
determine whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that: 
during the contact, (defendant) misrepresented [his] [her] age to the [parent] 
[legal guardian] [custodian] [person believed by the defendant to be a [parent] 
[legal guardian] [custodian]]. 
 
 
during the contact, (defendant) misrepresented [his] [her] age to 
the [parent] [legal guardian] [custodian] [person believed by the 
defendant to be a [parent] [legal guardian] [custodian]. 
 
 
The mere fact that an undercover operative or law enforcement officer 
was involved in the detection and investigation of this offense shall not 
constitute a defense from prosecution. 
 
Definitions. 
 
A “child” means any person, whose identity is known or unknown, less 
than 18 years of age. 
 
 
Give the following definitions if applicable. Additional definitions can be 
added as applicable depending on the nature of the alleged illegal conduct. See 
§ 847.001, Fla. Stat.  
 
“Sexual conduct” means actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate 
sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, or sadomasochistic abuse; 
actual lewd exhibition of the genitals; actual physical contact with a person’s 
clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if such person is a 
female, breast with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of either 
party; or any act or conduct which constitutes sexual battery or simulates that 
sexual battery is being or will be committed. A mother’s breastfeeding of her 
baby does not under any circumstance constitute “sexual conduct.” 
 
 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
upon another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
 
- 29 - 
 
 
“Sexual battery” means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union 
with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another 
by any other object; however, sexual battery does not include an act done for 
a bona fide medical purpose. 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
“An object” includes a finger.  
 
“Deviate sexual intercourse” means sexual conduct between persons not 
married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, 
the mouth and the penis, or the mouth and the vulva. 
 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between a 
person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, 
or vagina of the other. 
            Give if applicable. § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Soliciting a Parent 
of a Child for Unlawful Sexual Conduct Using Computer Services or Devices, 
you must also determine whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable 
doubt that (defendant) was an authority figure at a school and (victim) was a 
student at the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
 
- 30 - 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2009 [6 So. 3d 574] and amended in 2013 
[122 So. 3d 263] and 2015. 
11.20 TRANSMISSION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY BY  
ELECTRONIC DEVICE OR EQUIPMENT 
§ 847.0137(2) and (3), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Transmission of Child Pornography by 
Electronic Device or Equipment, the State must prove the following two 
elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
Give 1a or 1b as applicable. 
    
          § 847.0137(2), Fla. Stat. 
1. a.  (Defendant), when in the State of Florida, transmitted child 
               pornography. 
 
          § 847. 0137(3), Fla. Stat. 
       b.  (Defendant), when not in the State of Florida, transmitted child 
            pornography to any person who was in the State of  
            Florida. 
 
2. (Defendant) knew or reasonably should have known that [he]  [she] 
transmitted child pornography. 
        
Definitions. Give as applicable. 
 
§ 847.0137(1)(b), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Transmit” means the act of sending and causing to be delivered any 
image, information, or data from one or more persons or places to one or 
more other persons or places over or through any medium, including the 
internet, by use of any electronic equipment or device. 
 
§ 847.001(3), Fla. Stat. 
“Child pornography” means any image depicting a minor engaged in 
sexual conduct.  
 
 
 
- 31 - 
§ 847.0137(1)(a), Fla. Stat.  
 
“Minor” means any person less than 18 years of age.   
 
           § 847.001(16), Fla. Stat. 
          “Sexual conduct” means actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate 
sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, or sadomasochistic abuse; 
actual lewd exhibition of the genitals; actual physical contact with a person’s 
clothed or unclosed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if such person is a 
female, breast with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of either 
party; or any act or conduct which constitutes sexual battery or simulates that 
sexual battery is being or will be committed.  A mother’s breastfeeding of her 
baby does not under any circumstance constitute “sexual conduct.” 
 
 
§ 847.001(19), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Simulated” means the explicit depiction of conduct described in the 
definition of “sexual conduct” which creates the appearance of such conduct 
and which exhibits any uncovered portion of the breasts, genitals, or buttocks. 
 
§ 847.001(5), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Deviate sexual intercourse” means sexual conduct between persons not 
married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, 
the mouth and the penis, or the mouth and the vulva.   
 
§ 847.001(15), Fla. Stat. 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between a 
person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, 
or vagina of the other.   
 
  
§ 847.001(13), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
on another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
§ 847.001(14), Fla. Stat.; Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
 
“Sexual Battery” means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union 
with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another 
by a finger or any other object; however, “sexual battery” does not include an 
act done for a bona fide medical purpose. 
 
 
- 32 - 
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
“An object” includes a finger.  
 
Give if applicable. § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Transmission of 
Child Pornography by Electronic Device or Equipment, you must also 
determine whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that 
(defendant) was an authority figure at a school and (victim) was a student at 
the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school.   
 
 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
 
TRANSMISSION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY BY ELECTRONIC 
DEVICE OR EQUIPMENT - 847.0137(2) and (3) 
 
CATEGORY ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. STAT. 
INS. NO. 
None 
 
 
 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2015. 
 
 
- 33 - 
11.21 TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL HARMFUL TO 
MINORS BY ELECTRONIC DEVICE OR EQUIPMENT 
§ 847.0138(2), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Transmission of Material Harmful to Minors by 
Electronic Device or Equipment, the State must prove the following three 
elements beyond a reasonable doubt:   
1. (Defendant) knowingly sent an image, information or data that [he] 
[she] knew or believed to be “harmful to minors.” 
 
2. (Defendant) sent the image, information or data to a specific 
individual who was either actually known by [him] [her] to be a 
minor or believed by [him] [her] to be a minor. 
 
3. (Defendant) sent the image, information or data via electronic mail. 
 
Definitions. Give as applicable. 
          § 847.001(6), Fla. Stat.  
An image, information, or data that is “harmful to minors” means any 
reproduction, imitation, characterization, description, exhibition, 
presentation, or representation, of whatever kind or form, depicting nudity, 
sexual conduct, or sexual excitement when it: 
(a) Predominately appeals to a prurient, shameful, or morbid  
interest; 
(b) Is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult   
community as a whole with respect to what is suitable 
material or conduct for minors; and 
(c) Taken as a whole, is without serious literary, artistic, political, 
or scientific value for minors.   
 
A mother’s breastfeeding of her baby is not under any circumstance 
“harmful to minors.”  
 
          § 847.0137(1)(a), Fla. Stat.  
“Minor” means any person less than 18 years of age. 
 
§ 847.001(9), Fla. Stat.  
“Nudity” means the showing of the human male or female genitals, 
pubic area, or buttocks with less than a fully opaque covering; or the showing 
of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion 
 
 
- 34 - 
thereof below the top of the nipple; or the depiction of covered male genitals 
in a discernibly turgid state. A mother’s breastfeeding of her baby does not 
under any circumstance constitute “nudity,” irrespective of whether or not 
the nipple is covered during or incidental to feeding.   
 
§ 847.001(16), Fla. Stat.  
          “Sexual conduct” means actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate 
sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, or sadomasochistic abuse; 
actual lewd exhibition of the genitals; actual physical contact with a person’s 
clothed or unclosed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if such person is a 
female, breast with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of either 
party; or any act or conduct which constitutes sexual battery or simulates that 
sexual battery is being or will be committed.  A mother’s breastfeeding of her 
baby does not under any circumstance constitute “sexual conduct.” 
 
 
§ 847.001(19), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Simulated” means the explicit depiction of conduct described in the 
definition of “sexual conduct” which creates the appearance of such conduct 
and which exhibits any uncovered portion of the breasts, genitals, or buttocks. 
 
§ 847.001(5), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Deviate sexual intercourse” means sexual conduct between persons not 
married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, 
the mouth and the penis, or the mouth and the vulva.   
 
§ 847.001(15), Fla. Stat. 
“Sexual bestiality” means any sexual act, actual or simulated, between a 
person and an animal involving the sex organ of the one and the mouth, anus, 
or vagina of the other.   
 
§ 847.001(13), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sadomasochistic abuse” means flagellation or torture by or upon a 
person or animal, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise 
physically restrained, for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction, or 
satisfaction brought about as a result of sadistic violence, from inflicting harm 
on another or receiving such harm oneself. 
 
 
 
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§ 847.001(14), Fla. Stat. 
 
“Sexual Battery” means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union 
with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another 
by a finger or any other object; however, “sexual battery” does not include an 
act done for a bona fide medical purpose.   
 
Lakey v. State, 113 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013). 
“An object” includes a finger.  
 
 
§ 847.001(17), Fla. Stat.  
“Sexual excitement” means the condition of the human male or female 
genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal. 
 
Give if applicable. § 775.0862, Fla. Stat.  
Enhancement for sexual offense against student by school authority figure. 
If you find that (defendant) committed the crime of Transmission of 
Material Harmful to Minors by Electronic Device or Equipment, you must 
also determine whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that 
(defendant) was an authority figure at a school and (victim) was a student at 
the same school. 
 
“Authority figure” means a person 18 years of age or older who is 
employed by, volunteering at, or under contract with a school. 
 
“School” means an organization of students for instructional purposes 
on an elementary, middle or junior high school, secondary or high school, [or 
other public school level authorized under the rules of the State Board of 
Education]. The term “school” does not include facilities dedicated exclusively 
to the education of adults.  If needed, insert appropriate definitions from 
§ 775.0862(1)(b), Fla. Stat. for “private school” or “voluntary prekindergarten 
education program” or “early learning program” or “public school as described 
in s. 402.3025(1)” or “the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind” or the 
“Florida Virtual School” or the “K-8 Virtual School.” 
 
“Student” means a person younger than 18 years of age who is enrolled 
at a school. 
 
 
 
 
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Lesser Included Offenses 
 
No lesser included offenses have been identified for this offense. 
 
Comment 
 
This instruction was adopted in 2015. 
 
15.5 RESISTING RECOVERY OF STOLEN PROPERTY 
            § 812.015(6), Fla. Stat. 
 
To prove the crime of Resisting Recovery of Stolen Property, the State 
must prove the following five elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 
 
1.  (Defendant) [was committing] [or] [had a committed] a theft of 
property from (name of owner or custodian of property). 
 
2.  During or after the theft, (victim) made a reasonable effort to recover 
the property.  
 
3.  (Defendant) resisted (victim’s) effort to recover the property. 
 
4.   At the time of (defendant’s) resistance, (victim) had probable cause to 
believe (defendant) had concealed or removed the property from [its 
place of display] [(place where property had been kept)]. 
 
5.  At the time of the resistance, (victim) was a [merchant] [merchant’s 
employee] [law enforcement officer].  
  
Definitions. 
§ 812.014(1), Fla. Stat. 
A “theft” occurs when someone knowingly and unlawfully obtains or 
uses or endeavors to obtain or to use the property of another and does so with 
intent to, either temporarily or permanently, deprive the person of his or her 
right to the property or any benefit from it or to appropriate the property to 
his or her own use or to the use of any person not entitled to it.  
 
§ 812.012(4), Fla. Stat.  
“Property” means anything of value, and includes tangible personal 
property. 
 
 
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§ 812.015(1), Fla. Stat.  
“Merchant” means an owner or operator, or the agent, consignee, 
employee, lessee, or officer of an owner or operator, of any premises or 
apparatus used for retail purchase or sale of any merchandise. 
 
§ 812.015(1), Fla. Stat. 
“Merchandise” means any personal property, capable of manual 
delivery, displayed, held, or offered for retail sale by a merchant. 
 
Maryland v. Pringle, 540 U.S. 366 (2003); State v. Neumann, 567 So. 2d 
950 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990). 
“Probable cause” is not capable of a precise quantification into 
percentages because it depends on an assessment of probabilities in a 
particular factual context. The term “probable cause” does not mean more 
likely true than false. Instead, “probable cause” is a practical, common sense 
determination, given the totality of circumstances, including a person’s 
knowledge, training and experience, as to whether there was a fair probability 
for a person to believe a certain fact is true. 
 
Affirmative Defense. § 812.015(6), Fla. Stat.  
The statute and case law are silent as to 1) which party bears the burden of 
persuasion of the affirmative defense and 2) the standard for the burden of 
persuasion. Under the common law, defendants had both the burden of production 
and the burden of persuasion on an affirmative defense by a preponderance of the 
evidence. The Florida Supreme Court has often decided, however, that once a 
defendant meets the burden of production on an affirmative defense, the burden of 
persuasion is on the State to disprove the affirmative defense beyond a reasonable 
doubt (e.g., self-defense and consent to enter in a burglary prosecution). In the 
absence of case law, trial judges must resolve the issue via a special instruction.  
See the opinions in Dixon v. United States, 548 U.S. 1 (2006), for further guidance. 
 
It is a defense to the crime of Resisting Recovery of Stolen Property if, 
at the time of the resistance, (defendant) did not know or did not have reason 
to know that (victim) was a [merchant] [merchant’s employee] [law 
enforcement officer].  
 
If burden of persuasion is on the defendant: 
 If you find that defendant proved (insert appropriate burden of 
persuasion) that [he] [she] did not know or did not have reason to know that 
(victim) was a [merchant] [merchant’s employee] [law enforcement officer], 
 
 
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you should find [him] [her] not guilty. If the defendant did not prove (insert 
appropriate burden of persuasion) that [he] [she] did not know or did not have 
reason to know that (victim) was a [merchant] [merchant’s employee] [law 
enforcement officer], you should find [him] [her] guilty, if all the elements of 
the charge have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.   
 
If burden of persuasion is on the State: 
If you find that the State proved (insert appropriate burden of persuasion) 
that the defendant knew or had reason to know that (victim) was a [merchant] 
[merchant’s employee] [law enforcement officer], you should find [him] [her] 
guilty, if all of the elements of the charge have been proven beyond a 
reasonable doubt.  However, if you are not convinced (insert appropriate 
burden of persuasion) that the defendant knew or had reason to know that 
(victim) was a [merchant] [merchant’s employee] [law enforcement officer], 
you should find [him] [her] not guilty. 
 
Lesser Included Offenses 
RESISTING RECOVERY OF STOLEN PROPERTY - 812.015(6) 
CATEGORY 
ONE 
CATEGORY TWO 
FLA. 
STAT. 
INS. NO 
Petit theft - second 
degree* 
 
812.014(3)(a) 14.1 
 
Attempt 
777.04(1) 
5.1 
 
Petit theft - first 
degree* 
812.014(2)(e) 14.1 
 
Battery 
784.03 
8.3 
 
Assault 
784.011 
8.1 
 
Comments 
 
*§ 812.015(6), Fla. Stat., states: “For purposes of this section the 
charge of theft and the charge of resisting may be tried concurrently.” In 
 
 
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Stuckey v. State, 972 So. 2d 918 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007), the court interpreted 
that to mean that a defendant can be prosecuted and convicted for both 
Resisting a Merchant and Theft without offending double jeopardy. 
Accordingly, if Theft is charged as a separate count, then Theft should not 
be given as a lesser-included offense of Resisting a Merchant. If, however, 
the jurors are being instructed on Resisting a Merchant as a lesser-
included offense of Robbery, then Theft should be given as a lesser-
included offense. 
“Law enforcement officer” is not defined in chapter 812, Florida 
Statutes, or in case law interpreting § 812.015(6), Fla. Stat. Trial judges 
may consult § 790.01, Fla. Stat., § 934.02, Fla. Stat., and § 943.10, Fla. 
Stat. in deciding whether and how to define “law enforcement officer” for 
the jury. 
This instruction was adopted in 2015.