Title: Estate of Hogen

State: north-dakota

Issuer: North Dakota Supreme Court

Document:

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Hogen Trust B1'     1:G   0RUH UHFHQWO\ ZH DIILUPHG D VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW GLVPLVVLQJDQDFWLRQE\0DUE\DQG6XVDQ+RJHQDJDLQVW6WHYHQ+RJHQSHUVRQDOO\ DQGDVSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKH(VWDWHDQGDVWUXVWHHRIWKH7UXVWWRTXLHWWLWOHWR FHUWDLQODQGLQYROYHGLQWKH(VWDWHDQGWKH7UXVWSURFHHGLQJVHogen v. Hogen 1' 1:G >@ 2QUHPDQGLQWKHSUREDWHSURFHHGLQJWKHSUREDWHFRXUWXOWLPDWHO\LVVXHGDQ RUGHUDSSURYLQJ6WHYHQ+RJHQ¶VSHWLWLRQDVSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHIRUWKHFRPSOHWH VHWWOHPHQWDQGGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKH(VWDWHLQFOXGLQJWKHVDOHRIFHUWDLQODQGWRSD\IRU DGPLQLVWUDWLRQFRVWVH[SHQVHVDQGDWWRUQH\IHHVDQGGLVFKDUJLQJ6WHYHQ+RJHQDV SHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKH(VWDWH7KHFRXUWRUGHUHGSD\PHQWRIIURP HDFK RI 6WHYHQ DQG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶V VKDUH RI WKH (VWDWH IRU WKH SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶VDWWRUQH\IHHVDQGH[SHQVHVLQFXUUHGEHIRUHWKHUHPDQGLQEstate of Hogen1'1:GDQGSD\PHQWRIHQWLUHO\IURP 5RGQH\+RJHQ¶VVKDUHRIWKH(VWDWHIRUWKHSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶VDWWRUQH\IHHVDQG H[SHQVHVDIWHUWKHUHPDQG7KHFRXUWDOVRRUGHUHGDZLWKKROGLQJRIIURP 5RGQH\+RJHQ¶VVKDUHRIWKH(VWDWHIRUWKHSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶VDWWRUQH\IHHV UHODWHGWRUHPDLQLQJZRUNLQWKHWKHQSHQGLQJDSSHDOLQWKHTXLHWWLWOHDFWLRQDQGIRU  DQH[SHFWHGDSSHDOLQWKLVFDVHZLWKDQ\XQXVHGIXQGVGLVWULEXWHGWR5RGQH\+RJHQ 7KHFRXUWGLVFKDUJHG6WHYHQ+RJHQDVSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKH(VWDWHEXW VWD\HGWKHGLVFKDUJHXQWLOWKHH[SLUDWLRQRIWKHWLPHIRUDSSHDORUXQWLOWKHSURFHHGLQJ ZDVILQDOO\UHVROYHGRQDSSHDO ,, >@ 7KHDSSHOODQWVJHQHUDOO\DUJXHWKHSUREDWHFRXUWIDLOHGWRVXEVWDQWLDOO\FRPSO\ ZLWKLWVVWDWXWRU\MXULVGLFWLRQDFWHGLQH[FHVVRILWVVWDWXWRU\MXULVGLFWLRQRUDFWHG ZLWKRXWMXULVGLFWLRQLQHQWHULQJDQRUGHURQWKHSHWLWLRQIRUFRPSOHWHVHWWOHPHQWDQG GLVWULEXWLRQRIWKH(VWDWHDIWHUWKLV&RXUW¶VUHPDQGLQEstate of Hogen1' 1:G7KH\FODLPWKHSUREDWHSURFHHGLQJVFRQFOXGHGZLWKWKHRUGHUIRU ILQDODFFRXQWLQJDQGVHWWOHPHQWWKDWZDVDSSHDOHGLQEstate of Hogen7KH\DUJXHWKDW RUGHUZDVILQDOXQGHU1'&&IRUGLVWULEXWLRQRIDOOWKH(VWDWHODQGDQG WHUPLQDWHG6WHYHQ+RJHQ¶VSRZHUDQGDXWKRULW\DVSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHXQGHU 1'&&  7KH\FODLPWKHSUREDWHFRXUW¶VSRVWUHPDQGGHFLVLRQV IDLOHGWRFRPSO\ZLWKVHYHUDOMXULVGLFWLRQDOVWDWXWRU\SURYLVLRQVLQFOXGLQJ1'&& IRUDGPLQLVWUDWLRQRISURSHUW\DIWHUWKH(VWDWHKDGEHHQVHWWOHG1'&&    IRUEULQJLQJFODLPVDIWHUGLVWULEXWLRQ1'&&IRUWKH SHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHWRDOORFDWHUHDOSURSHUW\1'&&IRUWKHVDOH RI UHDO SURSHUW\ 1'&&   IRU WKH DOORFDWLRQ RI FDSLWDO JDLQV DQG 1'&& DQGIRUDUHWDLQHUIRUWKHWKURXJKFURS \HDUV >@ ,QHogen v. Hogen 1' 1:GZHUHFHQWO\UHMHFWHG WKHDSSHOODQWV¶VLPLODUDUJXPHQWDERXWILQDOLW\DQGWKHWHUPLQDWLRQRI6WHYHQ+RJHQ¶V DXWKRULW\DVSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYH:HUHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKHSULRURUGHUGLGQRW WHUPLQDWHWKH(VWDWHSURFHHGLQJRUGLVFKDUJH6WHYHQ+RJHQDVSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYH DQGWKDWWKH(VWDWHZDVVWLOOVXEMHFWWRDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDIWHURXUHDUOLHUGHFLVLRQLQWKH  SUREWHSURFHHGLQJId:HFRQFOXGHWKHDSSHOODQWV¶MXULVGLFWLRQDODUJXPHQWVLQWKLV DSSHDODUHUHVROYHGE\WKDWGHFLVLRQLQHogen ,,, >@ 7KHDSSHOODQWVDUJXHWKHSUREDWHFRXUWDEXVHGLWVGLVFUHWLRQRUODFNHGVWDWXWRU\ DXWKRULW\WRUHTXLUH5RGQH\+RJHQWRSD\DOOSRVWUHPDQGDWWRUQH\IHHVIURPKLVVKDUH RIWKH(VWDWH7KH\DUJXHWKHFRXUWIDLOHGWRIROORZWKHSURFHGXUDOSURWHFWLRQVLQ 1'5&LY3IRUDZDUGLQJDWWRUQH\IHHVDQGWKDWQRQHRIKLVFODLPVZHUHIULYRORXV XQGHU1'&&  7KH\DOVRFODLPWKHFRXUW¶VLQKHUHQWSRZHUGLGQRW MXVWLI\WKHSXQLVKPHQWLQWKHIRUPRIWKHDZDUGRIDWWRUQH\IHHVDQGWKDWWKHSHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYHDQGKLVDWWRUQH\VKDGFRQIOLFWVRILQWHUHVWWKDWSUHFOXGHGSD\PHQWRIDOO DWWRUQH\IHHVIURP5RGQH\+RJHQ¶VVKDUHRIWKH(VWDWH7KH\DUJXHWKHSUREDWHFRXUW HUUHGLQQRWDSSO\LQJWKH³$PHULFDQ5XOH´IRUSD\PHQWRIDWWRUQH\IHHV > @ ,QUHTXLULQJ5RGQH\+RJHQWRSD\DOOSRVWUHPDQGDWWRUQH\IHHVIURPKLVVKDUH RIWKH(VWDWHWKHSUREDWHFRXUWH[SODLQHG 7KH&RXUWILQGVWKDWWKHOLWLJDWLRQIROORZLQJWKHUHPDQGIURPWKH 1RUWK'DNRWD6XSUHPH&RXUWZDVRFFDVLRQHGE\5RGQH\¶VVWXEERUQ UHIXVDOWRFRPSO\ZLWKFRXUWRUGHUVDQGWRIROORZVWDQGDUGSUREDWH SURFHGXUHV5RGQH\H[HUFLVHGXQDXWKRUL]HGFRQWURORYHUWKHODQGDQG LQWHUIHUHGZLWKWKHSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶VDELOLW\WRPDQDJHHVWDWH UHVRXUFHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH UHFHLSW RI DSSURSULDWH IDUP UHQW  )XUWKHU 5RGQH\FRQWLQXHGWRREVWUXFWWKHSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHLQKLVHIIRUWV WRFRPSOHWHWKHHVWDWHSURFHHGLQJV3XUVXDQWWREstate of Kjorvestad  1:G   1'    SHUVRQDO UHSUHVHQWDWLYH¶V DQG DWWRUQH\¶VIHHVDQGFRVWVIROORZLQJWKHUHPDQGRIWKLVPDWWHUE\WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW DUH DZDUGHG DJDLQVW 5RGQH\ +RJHQ DQG 5RGQH\ +RJHQ¶VGLVWULEXWLRQIURPWKHHVWDWHUDWKHUWKDQIURPWKHHVWDWHDVD ZKROH5RGQH\+RJHQ¶VFRQWLQXHGREMHFWLRQVWRDQGREVWUXFWLRQRIWKH SUREDWH SURFHVV DQG KLV DFWLRQV LQ FRQYROXWLQJ WKH WLWOH WR WKH UHDO SURSHUW\KDYHEHHQXQUHDVRQDEOHDQGXQMXVWLILHG2ISDUWLFXODUQRWHLV WKHUHFRUGLQJDlis pendensLQDGLUHFWYLRODWLRQRIWKLV&RXUW¶V)HEUXDU\ 2UGHU  >@ ,QEstate of Kjorvestad1:G 1'  WKLV&RXUWDZDUGHG WKHSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHDWWRUQH\IHHVDQGFRVWVRQDSSHDOIURPWKHDSSHOODQW¶V VKDUH RI DQ HVWDWH XQGHU 1'5$SS3  IRU WKH DSSHOODQW¶V VZHHSLQJ DQG XQVXEVWDQWLDWHG DFFXVDWLRQV RQ DSSHDO  :H VDLG WKDW WKH SXEOLF DLULQJ RI WKH DSSHOODQW¶V³SULYDWHREVHVVLRQRXJKWWREHDWKHUSHUVRQDOH[SHQVH´DQGWKDW³µWKH SUREDWHFRGHVKRXOGQRWEHFRQVWUXHGVRDVWRSHUPLWRQHKHLURUGHYLVHHWRILQDQFHKLV RUKHUODZVXLWDJDLQVWDQRWKHUKHLURUGHYLVHHRXWRIWKHIXQGVRIWKHHVWDWH¶´Id TXRWLQJIn re Estate of Kesting1:G  1HE  :HH[HUFLVHG RXUSRZHUVXQGHU1'5$SS3DQGGLUHFWHGWKDWWKHSHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHEH SDLGLWVDWWRUQH\IHHVRXWRIWKHDSSHOODQW¶VVKDUHRIWKHHVWDWHRQO\UDWKHUWKDQIURP WKHWRWDOHVWDWHKjorvestadDWSeeFirst Trust Co. v. Conway1:G    1'   DIILUPLQJGLVWULFWFRXUW¶VDZDUGRIDPRXQWRIDWWRUQH\IHHVIRUSULRU DSSHDO  >@ 7KHDWWRUQH\IHHDZDUGLQKjorvestad1:GDWZDVSUHPLVHGRQ 1'5$SS3ZKLFKDXWKRUL]HVWKLV&RXUWWRDZDUGDWWRUQH\IHHVIRUIULYRORXV DSSHDOV$OWKRXJKKjorvestadUHFRJQL]HVDQDSSURSULDWHFRQFHUQDERXWSUHFOXGLQJ DFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHSUREDWHFRGHWRSHUPLWRQHKHLURUGHYLVHHWRILQDQFHKLVRUKHU ODZVXLWDJDLQVWDQRWKHUKHLURUGHYLVHHRXWRIIXQGVRIDQHVWDWH1'5$SS3LV DUXOHRIDSSHOODWHSURFHGXUHDQGGRHVQRWDSSO\WRSURFHHGLQJVOLNHWKLVLQWKHGLVWULFW FRXUW,QEstate of Nohle1' 1:GKRZHYHUZH UHFHQWO\DIILUPHGDGLVWULFWFRXUWGHFLVLRQRUGHULQJDSUREDWHOLWLJDQWWRSD\DWWRUQH\ IHHVLQFXUUHGE\SHUVRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVLQGLVWULFWFRXUWSURFHHGLQJV:HH[SODLQHG WKDWSDUWLHVDUHJHQHUDOO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHLURZQDWWRUQH\IHHVEXW 7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWKDVDXWKRULW\WRVWHPDEXVHVRIWKH MXGLFLDOSURFHVVZKLFKFRPHVQRWRQO\IURPDSSOLFDEOH UXOHVDQGVWDWXWHVVXFKDV1'5&LY3EXW³IURPWKH FRXUW¶VLQKHUHQWSRZHUWRFRQWUROLWVGRFNHWDQGWRSURWHFW LWVMXULVGLFWLRQDQGMXGJPHQWVWKHLQWHJULW\RIWKHFRXUW DQG WKH RUGHUO\ DQG H[SHGLWLRXV DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI MXVWLFH´Federal Land Bank v. Ziebarth1:G   1'  $GLVWULFWFRXUWKDVGLVFUHWLRQXQGHU 1'&&  WRGHFLGHZKHWKHUDFODLPLV IULYRORXVDQGWKHDPRXQWDQGUHDVRQDEOHQHVVRIDQDZDUG RIDWWRUQH\IHHVEXWZKHQWKHFRXUWGHFLGHVDFODLPLV IULYRORXVWKHFRXUWPXVWDZDUGDWWRUQH\IHHVSee Strand v. Cass Cnty.1' 1:G ³$FODLPIRUUHOLHILVIULYRORXVXQGHU1'&&   RQO\LIWKHUHLVVXFKDFRPSOHWHDEVHQFHRIDFWXDO IDFWVRUODZDUHDVRQDEOHSHUVRQFRXOGQRWKDYHH[SHFWHG DFRXUWZRXOGUHQGHUDMXGJPHQWLQWKDWSHUVRQ¶VIDYRU´ [In re] Estate of Dion1'1:G :HUHYLHZWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW¶VGHFLVLRQXQGHUWKH VWDWXWHIRUDQDEXVHRIGLVFUHWLRQId Rath v. 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