ivil Appeal No. 3050 of 1989.
From the Judgment and Order dated 21.12.87 of the Orissa Administrative Tribunal in T.A. No. 161 of 1987.
P.P. Rao and C.S.S. Rao for the Appellant.
P.N. Misra and A.K. Panda for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SINGH, J.
Leave granted.
This appeal is directed against the judgment of the Orissa Administrative Tribunal, Bhubaneswar dated 21.12.
1987 dismissing the appellant 's suit challenging his pre mature retirement from service.
The appellant, a qualified Electrical Engineer with training in West Germany, joined service of Orissa Govern ment as an Assistant Engineer (Electrical) in 1955.
In 1961 he was promoted to the rank of Executive Engineer (Electri cal) and deputed to the Orissa State Electricity Board.
In March, 1976 he was promoted to the post of Superintending Engineer (Electrical) on the basis of merit.
In 1979 while working on the post of Superintending Engineer (Electrical) he was allowed to cross the Efficiency Bar with effect from 1.1.1979.
He also officiated on the post of Chief Engineer (Electrical) in Orissa State Electricity Board.
Since he had completed 50 years of age a Review Committee constituted by the Government of Orissa considered his service record in October, 1983 for determining his suitability for retention in service in accordance with the first proviso to Rule 71(a) of the Orissa Service Code.
On the recommendation of the 806 Review Committee the State Government by its order dated 10.11.1983 pre maturely retired the appellant from service.
He filed a civil suit before the Subordinate Judge, Bhuba neswar challenging the validity of his pre mature retirement on a number of grounds.
On the Constitution of the Orissa Administrative Tribunal the suit was transferred to the Administrative Tribunal, Bhubaneswar, under Section 29 of the Administrative Tribunals Act.
The Tribunal by its order dated 21.12.1987 dismissed the suit and upheld the validity of appellant 's pre mature retirement.
Hence this appeal.
The Tribunal held that the Review Committee on an as sessment of the overall performance of the appellant 's conduct had bona fide made recommendations to the State Government that the appellant 's retention in service was not in public interest, and in pursuance thereof the State Government retired the appellant pre maturely.
The Tribunal further held that the order of pre mature retirement does not suffer from any legal infirmity.
Learned counsel for the appellant urged that the Tribunal committed serious error in upholding the order of pre mature retirement as the recom mendation of the Review Committee was vitiated as it was rounded on irrelevant and inadmissible material.
In this connection, he urged that the Review Committee had consid ered a number of adverse remarks contained in the appel lant 's service record for the remote past years which had no relevance and it had further considered adverse entries relating to the recent years although those adverse entries had not become final as the representations against those adverse entries had not been considered of by the State Government.
He urged that while considering overall perform ance of the appellant the Review Committee was influenced by the entries of remote past, which had lost their signifi cance as inspite of those entries the appellant had been promoted to higher post on merit and he had also been per mitted to cross Efficiency Bar.
Before we consider these submissions it would be pertinent to refer of the recommen dations of the Review Committee which are as under: "From the year 1969 70 to 1982 83, Shri Bai dyanath Mohapatra has got adverse remarks for the years 1969 70, 1970 71, 1972 73, 1975 76, 1976 77, 1981 82 and 1982 83.
Although he was an intelligent officer, he did not apply his mind and did not bestow adequate zeal in his work.
He did neither assume responsibility nor did he work hard for which the Chief Engineer had to deal with his Executive Engineers and Assistant Engineers directly.
He was found to be too cursory in dealing with the problems and adept in 807 putting the responsibilities for deficiencies on others.
His performance during most of the years was found to be of average standard.
The Committee, considering his overall perform ance, was of the view that his continuance in service is not desirable in public interest and that he be retired prematurely.
This officer would have retired on superannuation on 30.9.1989." No exception can be taken to the Government 's opinion in retiring the appellant pre maturely on the basis of the aforesaid recommendation of the Review Committee as it clearly indicated that the appellant 's retention in service was not in public interest.
The purpose of the Rule confer ring power on the Government to retire Government servants pre maturely is to energise its machinery by "chopping of the dead wood" as held by this Court in Union of India vs J.N. Sinha, [1971] 1 SCR 791.
The question which falls for consideration is whether the Review Committee was justified in making its recommendations on the basis of adverse en tries awarded to the appellant in remote past especially when the appellant had been promoted to the post of Superin tending Engineer in 1976 and he had further been permitted to cross Efficiency Bar in 1979.
The adverse entries relat ing to the years 1969 70, 1970 71, 1972 73 and 1975 76, had lost all significance, because inspite of those entries the appellant was considered to be an intelligent and efficient officer and in that view he was promoted to the post of Superintending Engineer.
If those entries did not reflect deficiency in appellant 's work and conduct for the purpose of promotion, it is difficult to comprehend as to how those adverse entries could be pressed into service for retiring him pre maturely.
When a Government servant is promoted to a higher post on the basis of merit and selection, adverse entries if any contained in his service record lose their significance and those remain on record as part of past history.
It would be unjust to curtail the service career of Government servant on the basis of those entries in the absence of any significant fall in his performance after his promotion.
The adverse entries for the years 1969 70, 1970 71, 1972 73 and 1975 76 were communicated in a lot to the appel lant in 1978, although under the instructions issued by the State Government the adverse entries must be communicated by December of each year.
The purpose of communicating adverse entries to the Government servant is to inform him regarding his deficiency in work and conduct and to afford him an opportunity to make, amend, and improvement in his work ,and further if the entries are not justified the communication 808 affords him an opportunity to make representation.
If the adverse remarks awarded to a Government servant are communi cated to him after several years, the object of communicat ing entries is defeated.
It is therefore imperative that the adverse entries awarded to a Government servant must be communicated to him within a reasonable period to afford him opportunity to improve his work and conduct and also to make representation in the event of the entry being unjustired.
In the instant case, adverse entries relating to a number of years were communicated to the appellant in one 101 under a letter dated 27.2.1978 contrary to the instructions issued by the State Government as contained in Circular No. 29 dated 19.2.1953.
Belated communication of the entries re sulted into denial of reasonable opportunity to the appel lant to improve his performance.
Further since adverse remarks for several years were communicated with inordinate delay it was impossible for the appellant to make an effec tive representation against the same.
The appellant 's repre sentation against the aforesaid entries was rejected on 12.3.1981 on the ground that the representation was barred by time.
Since the communication of the adverse entries was itself highly belated the representation against those adverse remarks should have been considered on merits and the same could not be rejected on the alleged ground of delay as the Government itself was guilty of inordinate delay in communicating the adverse remarks to the appellant.
Adverse remarks relating to the years 1981 82 and 1982 83 were taken into account by the Review Committee in formu lating its opinion against the appellant 's ,retention in service.
The appellant 's representation against those en tries had not been considered, yet the Review Committee placed reliance on those entries.
In fact, the adverse remarks for the year 1981 82 were communicated to the appel lant under the letter dated 21.6.1983 which was received by him on 5.7.1983, and as regards the adverse remarks for the 'year 1982 83 these were communicated to the appellant under the letter dated 29.7.1983 which was received by him on 9.8.1983.
He made representation to the Government against the aforesaid adverse remarks on 1.11.1983 but before the representation could be considered by the Government the impugned order of pre mature retirement was made on 10.11.1983.
These facts make it amply clear that the appel lant 's representation against the aforesaid adverse remarks for the years 1981 82 and 1982 83 was pending and the same had not been considered or disposed of on the date the impugned order was issued.
It is settled view that it is not permissible to pre maturely retire a Government servant on the basis of adverse entries, representations against 809 which are not considered and disposed of.
Brij Mohan Chopra vs State of Punjab, ; When this aspect was pressed before the Tribunal, it took a peculiar view in holding that since the representation had not been made before the date on which the Review Committee had considered the appellant 's case, the Committee need not have waited for the disposal of the appellant 's representation and it was free to take into account the adverse remarks awarded to the appellant in the years 1981 82 and 1982 83.
The appellant placed reliance on the decision of this Court in Brij Mohan Chopra 's case but the Tribunal by some in volved logic avoided giving effect to the law laid down by this Court.
It is not disputed that in the State of Orissa a Government servant has right to make representation within six months from the date of communication of the adverse remarks.
The appellant had right to make representation against the adverse entries within six months period, there fore, the adverse entries awarded to him in the years 1981 82 and 1982 83 could not be taken into account either by the Review Committee or by the State Government in forming the requisite opinion as contemplated by Rule 71(1)(a) of the Orissa Service Code, before the expiry of the period of six months.
Since the period prescribed for making representa tion against the adverse remarks for the years 1981 82 and 1982 83 had not expired, the proper course for the Review Committee should have been not to consider those entries or in the alternative, the Review Committee should have waited for the decision of the Government on the appellant 's repre sentation.
The view taken by the Tribunal is not sustainable in law.
There is a disturbing feature of this case which viti ates Tribunal 's order.
Shri Gian Chand, Chairman of the Tribunal, ex Chief Secretary of the State of Orissa, was member of the Review Committee which made recommendation against the appellant for his pre mature retirement, and in pursuance thereof the State Government had issued the im pugned order.
It appears that Sh.
Gian Chand, had later been appointed as Chairman of the Administrative Tribunal.
Shri Gian Chand, participated in the proceedings of the Tribunal, and he is party to the decision of the Tribunal.
These facts show that Mr. Gian Chand, who had administratively taken a decision against the appellant, considered the matter judi cially as a Chairman of the Tribunal, thereby he acted as a Judge of his own cause.
While it is true that there is no allegation of personal bias against Sh.
Gian Chand, he may have acted bona fide, nonetheless, the principles of natural justice, fair play, and judicial discipline required that he should have abstained from hearing the appellant 's case.
While considering the appellant 's case the Tri 810 bunal exercised judicial powers and it was required to act judicially, as the jurisdiction of the Civil Court and High Court have been excluded and vested in the Administrative Tribunal.
The Members of the Tribunal must follow rules of natural justice in administering justice like Judges, they should not sit in judgment on their own decisions.
Gian Chand was disqualified to hear the appellant 's case.
The order of the Tribunal is vitiated on this ground but as the appellant had not raised any objection before the Tribunal against the participation of Sh.
Gian Chand, we do not consider it necessary to grant relief to the appellant on this ground.
For the aforesaid reasons we hold that the order of pre mature retirement is vitiated and the Tribunal committed error in upholding the same.
We accordingly allow the ap peal, set aside the order of the Tribunal dated 21.12.1987 and also the order of the State Government dated 10.11.
The appellant is entitled to reinstatement with all consequential benefits of service in addition to the costs.
R.S.S. Appeal allowed.


Summary:
The appellant had joined service in the Orissa Govern ment as an Assistant Engineer in 1955, and in 1983 he was working on the post of Superintending Engineer.
Since he had completed 50 years of age, a Review Committee considered his service record for determining his suitability for retention in service in accordance with the first proviso to Rule 71(a) of the Orissa Service Code.
On the recommendation of the Review Committee the State Government by its order dated 10.11.1983 pre maturely retired the appellant from service.
The appellant filed a civil suit challenging the validity of his pre mature retirement.
The suit was transferred to the Administrative Tribunal.
The Tribunal held that the recom mendation of the Review Committee was bona fide and did not suffer from any legal infirmity.
Before this Court, it was contended that the recommenda tion of the Review Committee was vitiated as it was founded on irrelevant and inadmissible material.
It was urged that the Review Committee had considered a number of adverse remarks contained in the appellant 's service record for the remote past years, and had also considered adverse entries relating to recent years although those adverse entries had not become final.
Allowing the appeal and setting aside the order of premature retirement of the appellant, this Court, HELD: (1) The purpose of the Rule conferring power on the Government to retire Government servants prematurely is to energise 804 its machinery by 'chopping of the dead wood '.
[807C] Union of India vs J.N. Sinha, [1971] 1 SCR 791.
(2) When a Government servant is promoted to a higher post on the basis of merit and selection prior adverse entries if any contained in his service record lose their significance and those remain on record as part of past history.
It would, therefore, be unjust to curtail the service career of Government servant on the basis of those entries in the absence of any significant fail in his per formance after his promotion.
[807F] (3) If the adverse remarks awarded to a Government servant are communicated to him after several years, the object of communicating entries is defeated.
It is, there fore, imperative that the adverse entries awarded to a Government servant must he communicated to him within a reasonable period to afford him opportunity to improve his work and conduct and also to make representation in the event of the entry being unjustified.
In the instant case, belated communication of the entries resulted into denial of reasonable opportunity to the appellant to improve his performance.
[808A B] (4) The appellant 's representation against the adverse entries relating to a number of years was rejected on the ground that the representation was barred by time.
Since the communication of the adverse entries was itself highly belated, the representation against those adverse remarks should have been considered on merits and the same could not be rejected on the alleged ground of delay as the Government itself was guilty of inordinate delay in communicating the adverse remarks to the appellant.
[808D] (5) The appellant had a right to make representation against the adverse entries within six months period.
There fore, the adverse entries awarded to the appellant in the years 1981 82 and 1982 83 could not be taken into account either by the Review Committee or by the State Government in forming the requisite opinion contemplated by Rule 71(1)(a) of the Orissa Service Code, before the expiry of the period of six months.
It is settled view that it is not permissible to prematurely retire a Government servant on the basis of adverse entries, representations against which are not considered and disposed of.
[809C D, 808H 809A] Brij Mohan Chopra vs State of Punjab, ; (6) The Members of the Tribunal must follow rules of natural 805 justice in administering justice like judges.
They should not sit in judgment on their own decisions.
In the instant case Shri Gian Chand, who had administratively taken a decision as Chief Secretary against the Appellant, consid ered the matter judiciary as the Chairman of the Administra tive Tribunal, thereby he acted as a Judge of his own cause.
While it is true that there is no allegation of personal bias against Shri Gian Chand, he may have acted bona fide, nevertheless, the principles of natural justice, fair play, and judicial discipline required that he should have ab stained from hearing the appellant 's case.
[810B, 809F H]