Criminal Appeal No. 711 of 1991.
From the Judgment and Order dated 28.7.1988 of the Kerala High Court in Crl.
R.P. No. 59 of 1988.
Kapil Sibal and E.M.S. Anam for the Appellant.
A.S.Nambiar and K.R. Nambiar for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by K. JAGANNATHA SHETTY, J.
We grant special leave and proceed to dispose of the matter.
This appeal against a decision of the Kerala High Court raises an important question concerning the power of the Magistrate to drop proceedings against an accused in a summons case after process is issued.
The facts are simple.
K.M.Mathew appellant is the Chief Editor of Malayala Manorma.
It is a daily newspaper with wide circulation the State of Kerala and seems to be the largest language newspaper in India.
Separate editions of the newspaper are published from different centres,namely, Trivendrum, Kottayam, Cochin and Calicut.
At each of these section there is a separately Editor who is responsible for selection and publication to the items The chief editor is based at Kottayam and he is responsible for the genaral policy of the Daily and various other publicalions of the Manaroma group of publications.
Respondent No. 2 is an case was that the news item published in the Daily.
His case was that the news item was published with the sole object of ridiculing and defaming him.
He lodged a complaint before the court of Addi 367 tional Judicial Magistrate against the Chief Editor, the Printer and Publisher of the newspaper alleging that they have committed an offence punishable under Sections 500 & 34 IPC.
The learned Magistrate examined the complainant on oath and took the complaint on file as CC 496/ 85.
He issued summons to the accused.
The accused upon service entered appearance and pleaded not guilty.
Before the evidence was recorded, the Chief Editor requested the Magistrate to drop the proceedings against him He contended that the complainant has not alleged that the Chief Editor was responsible for selection of the news item and publication thereof.
There was not even an averment in the complaint that the Chief Editor has perused the material or edited before its publication or that it was published with his knowledge or consent.
After hearing the parties the Magistrate accepted the plea of the Chief Editor and dropped the proceedings against him.
To be more precise, the Magis trate directed that the complaint so far as it relates to the Chief Editor could not be proceeded with.
The complainant took up the matter to the High Court in revision.
The High Court allowed the revision and set aside the order of the Magistrate.
The High Court did not examine whether the complainant has or has not made out a case against the Chief Editor.
The High Court rested its conclusion solely on the procedural requirements of the trial of a summons case.
It has been pointed out that in any private complaint triable as a summons case the Magistrate, after taking cognizance of the offence and issuing process, has no jurisdiction to drop proceedings against the accused.
He is bound to proceed under Chapter XX of the Code of Criminal Procedure when the accused enters appearance.
He will have to state the partic ulars of the offence and record the plea of the accused.
When the accused pleads not guilty, he will have to hear the prosecution and take all such evidence produced in support of the prosecution.
Then he will have to hear the accused and take all such evidence produced in support of the de fence.
The High Court went on to state that the question of conviction or acquittal will arise only after recording evidence of the parties.
There is no question of discharging the accused at an intermediate stage.
There is no provision in the Code for dropping the proceedings against any ac cused.
So stating the High Court has directed the Magistrate to proceed with the trial of all the accused.
The High Court seems to be too technical in this regard.
If one reads carefully the provisions relating to trial of summons cases, the power to 368 drop proceedings against the.
accused cannot be.
denied to the Magistrate Section 204 of the Code indicates .
the proceedings before the Magistrate commmences upon taking cognizance of the offence and the issue of summons to the accused.
When the accused enters apperance in response to the summons, the Magistrate has to take proceedings under Chapter .XX of the Code.
But the need to try 'the accused arises ' when they is allegation in the comnplaint that the accused has commited the crime If there is no allegation in the complaint involving the accused.
in the commission of the crime, it i.s implied that the Magistarte has no jurisdlction to proceed against the accused.
It is open, to the accused to plead bfore the Magis tarate that the process against him ought.
no; to have been issued.
The Magistrate may drop the proceedings if he is statisfied on reconsideration of the complaint that there is no offence for which the accuseed could be tried.
It is his judicial desetion .
No specific provision required for the Magistrate t0 drop the proceedings or rescind the proc ess The order issumg the process is an interim order and not a judgment.
It can be varied or recalled.
The fact that the process has already been issued is no bar to drop file proceedings if the complaint on the very face of it does not disclose any offence against the accused In the instant case there is no averment against the Chief Editor except the motive attributed to him.
Even the motive alleged is general and vague.
The complainant seems to rely upon the presumption under Section 7 of the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 ( 'the Act '),.
But Sec tion 7 of the Act has no applicability for a person who is simply named as 'Chief Editor '.
The presumption under Sec tion 7 is only against the person whose name is printed as 'editor ' as required under Section 5(1).
There is a mandato ry (though rebuttable) presumption that the person whose name is printed as 'Editor ' is the editor of every portion of that issue of the newspaper of which a copy is produced.
Section 1(1) of the Act defines 'Editor ' to mean 'the person who controls the selection of the matter that is published in a newspaper '.
Section 7 raises the presumption in respect of a person who is named as the editor and printed as such on every copy of the newspaper.
The Act does not recognise any other legal entity for r,rising the presumption.
Even if the name of the Chief Editor is printed in the newspaper.
there is no presumption against him under Section 7 of the Act.
See State of Maharashtra vs Dr. RB.
Chowdhary & Ors., ; U.P. Mishra vs Kamal Narain Sharma & Ors., [1971] 3 SCR 257, Narasingha Charan Mohanty vs Surendra Mohanty, ; and haji C.H. mohamad Koya vs T.K.S.M.A. Muthukoya; , 369 It is important to state that for a Magistrate to take cognizance of the offence as against the Chief Editor, there must be positive averments in the complaint of knowledge of the objectionable character of the matter.
The complaint in the instant case does not contain any such allegation.
In the absence of such allegation, the Magistrate was justified in directing that the complaint so far as it relates to the Chief Editor could not be proceeded with.
To ask the Chief Editor to undergo the trial of the case merely on the ground of the issue of process would be oppressive.
No person should be tried without a prima facie case.
The view taken by the High Court is untenable.
The appeal is accordingly allowed.
The order of the High Court is set aside.
V.P.R. Appeal allowed.


Summary:
The appellant the Chief Editor of a leading daily newspaper was arrayed as an accused in the complaint case initated by the respondent no.2, an advocate, who was ag grieved by a news item published in the newspaper before the Additional Judicial Magistrate, sections 500 and 34 I.P.C.
The Magistrate issued summons to the accused appellant, who pleaded not guilty.
The appellant requested the Magis trate to drop the proceedings against him, before the evi dence was recorded, contending that there was no averment in the complaint that he had perused the material or edited before its publications or that it was published with his knowledge or consent.
The Magistrate dropped the proceedings against the appel lant.
The revision, moved by the complainant was allowed by the 365 High Court.
This appeal has been filed by special leave against the order Of the High Court.
Allowing the appeal, this Court, HELD: 1.
The power to drop proceedings against the accused cannot be denied to the Magistrate.
Section 204 of the Code indicates that the proceedings before the Magis trate commences upon taking cognizance of the offence and the issue of summons to the accused.
When the accused enters appearance in response to the summons, the Magistrate has to take proceedings under Chapter XX of the Code.
But the need to try the accused arises when there is allegation in the complaint that the accused has committed the crime.
, If there is no allegation in the complaint involving the ac cused in the commission of the crime, it is implied that the Magistrate has no jurisdiction to proceed against the ac cused.
[368 A C] 2.
It is open to the accused to plead before the Magis trate that the process against him ought not to have been issucd.
Magistrate may drop the proceedings if he is satis fied on reconsideration of the complaint that there is no offence for which the accused could be tried.
It is :his judicial discrction.
[368 C D] 3.
No specific provision required for the Magistrate to drop the proceedings or rescind the process.
The order issuing the process is an interim order: and not a judg ment.
It can be varied or recalled.
The fact that the process has already been issued is no bar to drop the proceedings if the complaint on the very face of its does not disclose any offence against the accused.
[368 D E] 4.
Section 7 of the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 has no applicability for a person who is simply named as 'Chief Editor '. 'The presumption under Section7 is only against the person whose name is printed as 'Editor ' as required under Section 5(1).
There is a mandato ry (though rebuttable) presumption that the person whose name is printed as 'editor ' is the editor of every portion of that issue of the newspaper of which a copy is produccd.
The Act does not recognize any: other legal entity for raising the presumption.
Even if the name of the Chief Editor is printed in the newspaper there is no Presumption against him under Section 7 of the Act.
[368 E G] 5.
No person should be tried without a prima ficie case.
For a Magistrate to take congnizance of the offence as against the Chief 366 Editor, there must be positive averments in the complaint of knowledge of the objectionable character of the matter.
The complaint in the instant case does not contain any such allegation.
In the absence of such allegation, the Magis trate was justified in directing that the complaint so far as it relates to the Chief Editor could not be proceeded with.
[369 B, A] State of Maharashtra vs Dr. R.B. Chowdhaty & Ors., ; ; D.P. Mishra vs Kamal Narain Sharma & Ors., [1971] 3 SCR 257; Nara Singh Charan Mohanty vs Suren dra Mohantv; , and Haji C.H.Mohammad Koya vs T.K. S.M.A.Muthukoya, ; , referred to.