Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Contract killing is a form of murder in which one party hires another party to kill a target individual or group of people. It involves an illegal agreement between two or more parties in which one party agrees to kill the target in exchange for some form of payment, monetary or otherwise. Either party may be a person, group, or an organization. Contract killing has been associated with organized crime and with vendettas. For example, in the United States, the gang Murder, Inc. committed hundreds of murders on behalf of the National Crime Syndicate during the 1930s and 1940s., Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit. Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated. Sometimes criminal organizations force people to do business with them, such as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for so-called "protection". Gangs may become disciplined enough to be considered "organized". A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as a mafia, mob, or crime syndicate; the network, subculture and community of criminals may be referred to as the underworld., The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world., The Westies were a New York City-based Irish American organized crime gang, responsible for racketeering, loan sharking, bookmaking, number writing, contract killing, drug trafficking, murder, illegal gambling, and extortion. They were partnered with the Italian-American Mafia, and operated out of the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan. According to crime author T. J. English, "Although never more than twelve to twenty membersdepending on who was in or out of jail at any given timethe Westies became synonymous with the last generation of Irish in the birthplace of the Irish Mob..." According to the NYPD Organized Crime Squad and the FBI, the Westies were responsible for 60100 murders between 1968 and 1986., Frank Morrison Spillane (March 9, 1918July 17, 2006), better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American crime novelist, whose stories often feature his signature detective character, Mike Hammer. More than 225 million copies of his books have sold internationally. Spillane was also an occasional actor, once even playing Hammer himself., T. J. English (born 6 October 1957) is an Irish American author and journalist known primarily for his non-fiction books about organized crime, criminal justice and the American underworld., Extortion (also called shakedown, outwrestling, and exaction) is a criminal offense of obtaining money, property, or services from an institution, through coercion. It is sometimes euphemistically referred to as a "protection racket" since the racketeers often phrase their demands as payment for "protection" from (real or hypothetical) threats from unspecified other parties. Extortion is commonly practiced by organized crime groups. The actual obtainment of money or property is not required to commit the offense. Making a threat of violence which refers to a requirement of a payment of money or property to halt future violence is sufficient to commit the offense. Exaction refers not only to extortion or the demanding and obtaining of something through force, but additionally, in its formal definition, means the infliction of something such as pain and suffering or making somebody endure something unpleasant., Michael J. Spillane , much better known as Mickey Spillane ( July 13 , 1933 -- May 13 , 1977 ) , was an Irish - American mobster from Hell 's Kitchen , New York City . Spillane , who was called the `` last of the gentleman gangsters , '' was a marked contrast to the violent Westies mob members who succeeded him in Hell 's Kitchen . Spillane was no relation to the author Mickey Spillane , or to the wrestler Michael Spillane ., The Irish Mob is the oldest organized crime group in the United States, in existence since the early 19th century. Originating in Irish American street gangs of the 19th centurydepicted in Herbert Asbury's 1928 book "The Gangs of New York"the Irish Mob has appeared in most major U.S. cities, including Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Cleveland, the Twin Cities, and New Orleans., Michael "Mike" Hammer is a fictional hard boiled detective created by the American author Mickey Spillane in the 1947 book "I, the Jury"., Subject: mickey spillane , Relation: occupation, Options: (A) actor (B) author (C) book (D) criminal (E) detective (F) diplomacy (G) entertainment (H) fashion (I) journalist (J) major (K) novelist (L) organized crime
Output (English): criminal