Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Urdu ( or Modern Standard Urdu) is a standardised register of the Hindustani language. It is the and "lingua franca" of Pakistan, and an official language of six states of India. It is also one of the 22 official languages recognized in the Constitution of India. Hyderabad, Rampur, Badayun, Bhopal and Lucknow are noted Urdu-speaking cities of India., Qawwali (Nastalq: ) is a form of Sufi devotional music popular in South Asia: in the Punjab and Sindh regions of Pakistan; in Hyderabad, Delhi in India as well as Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet and many parts of Bangladesh. It is part of a musical tradition that stretches back for more than 700 years., Lucknow is the largest and capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. A major metropolitan city of India, Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous District and Division and the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the second largest city in north India, after Delhi
. It is also the largest city in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries. It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry., Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu/; 13 October 1948  16 August 1997) was a Pakistani musician, primarily a singer of Qawwali, the devotional music of the Sufis. and could perform at a high level of intensity for several hours. Extending the 600-year old Qawwali tradition of his family, Khan is widely credited with introducing Qawwali music to international audiences. He is popularly known as "Shahenshah-e-Qawwali", meaning "The King of Kings of Qawwali"., Doaba, also known as Bist Doab, is the region of Punjab, India that lies between the Beas River and the Sutlej River. People of this region are given the demonym "Doabia". The dialect of Punjabi spoken in Doaba is called "Doabi". The term "Doaba" or "Doab" is derived from Persian " " (do b "two water") meaning "land of two rivers". The river Sutlej separates Doaba from the Malwa region to its south and the river Beas separates Doaba from the Majha region to its north., The sitar (or ; Urdu: ) is a plucked stringed instrument used mainly in Hindustani music and Indian classical music. The instrument is believed to have been derived from the veena, an ancient Indian instrument, which was modified by a Mughal court musician to conform with the tastes of his Mughal patrons and named after a Persian instrument called the setar (meaning "three strings"). The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th century India. It derives its distinctive timbre and resonance from sympathetic strings, bridge design, a long hollow neck and a gourd-shaped resonance chamber. In appearance, the sitar is similar to the tanpura, except that it has frets., South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia., The sarod (or sarode) () is a stringed instrument of India, used mainly in Indian classical music. Along with the sitar, it is among the most popular and prominent instruments in Hindustani classical music. The sarod is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar, with sympathetic strings that give it a resonant, reverberant quality. It is a fretless instrument able to produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend (glissandi), which are important in Indian music., Delhi (Dilli) , officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. It is the most expansive city in Indiaabout . It has a population of about 25 million, making it the second most populous city after Mumbai and most populous urban agglomeration in India and 3 largest urban area in the world. Urban expansion in Delhi has caused it to grow beyond the NCT to incorporate towns in neighbouring states. At its largest extent, there is a population of about 25 million residents . According to data released by Oxford Economics, Delhi NCR urban agglomeration has replaced Mumbai Metropolitan Region urban agglomeration as the economic capital of India. However the comparison of the figures specific to the Metropolis of Delhi and Metropolis of Mumbai was not provided by this institution. These figures however did not match with those revealed by the reserve bank of India, The economic survey of India, The economic survey of Delhi and Maharashtra., Bhopal is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Bhopal district and Bhopal division. The city was the capital of the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as the "City of Lakes" for its various natural as well as artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India. It is the 17th largest city in the country and 131st<ref name="Estimated Population of Bhopal urban area in 2009, Bhopal 131th largest city in world in 2009/"> </ref> in the world., Chisht, also written Chisht-e Sharif, Chesht-i Sharif or Chesht is a town near Herat in Afghanistan. It is important in Sufism because the Chishti Sufi Order originated there., Fateh Ali Khan ( Urdu :    ) was a classical singer and Qawwali musician . He was born in Jalandhar , Punjab , British India in 1901 . Ustad Fateh Ali Khan was the father of Pakistani Qawwali musician , Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan . Their family has an unbroken tradition of Qawwali , linked closely to the Sufi Chishti Order for over 600 years . Ustad Fateh Ali Khan was trained in classical music and Qawwali by his father , Maula Baksh Khan , and he soon distinguished himself as a skilled vocalist and instrumentalist . He learnt to play traditional Indian instruments such as sitar , sarod and vichitraveena as well as Western instruments like the violin . He also mastered thousands of verses in Punjabi , Urdu , Arabic and Persian . Ustad Fateh Ali Khan was the leader of his family 's Qawwali party but they were billed as Fateh Ali Khan , Mubarak Ali Khan & Party . Ustad Mubarak Ali Khan , his brother , shared both singing and harmonium - playing duties with him . They were regarded as among the foremost exponents of Qawwali in their time . They are credited with popularizing the poetry of Allama Iqbal through their singing . Iqbal 's poetry was regarded as difficult and while he was highly admired in academic circles and by intellectuals , he did not have much of a popular following . Fateh Ali Khan and Mubarak Ali Khan , more than anyone else , helped Iqbal achieve popular success as well : `` Allama Iqbal paid the ultimate homage to the two brothers by saying : ' I was restricted to schools and colleges only . You ( Ustad Fateh Ali Khan ) have spread my poetry through India ' . '' In 1948 , his son , Nusrat , was born in Faisalabad . Ustad Fateh Ali Khan wanted Nusrat to become a doctor or an engineer because he felt Qawwali artists had low social status . However , Nusrat showed such interest in and aptitude for Qawwali that his father soon relented , and began training him . However , Ustad Fateh Ali Khan died in 1964 at the age of sixty - three , when Nusrat was sixteen and still in school . Nusrat 's training was completed by Ustad Fateh Ali Khan 's brothers , Ustad Mubarak Ali Khan and Ustad Salamat Ali Khan ., Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan (December 25, 1952  September 9, 2003) was a player of the harmonium in Qawwali and also was a member of a well-known family of Qawwali musicians. He was the younger brother of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the son of Fateh Ali Khan, the nephew of Mubarak Ali Khan, and the father of Rahat Fateh Ali Khan., Jalandhar (Punjabi Gurmukhi: ), formerly known as Jullundur in British India, is a city in the Doaba region of the northwestern Indian state of Punjab. Jalandhar is the oldest city in the Indian state of Punjab and is one of the oldest in the country. In recent times the city has undergone rapid urbanisation and has developed into a highly industrialised centre of commerce., Sindh is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country. Historically home to the Sindhi people, it is also locally known as the Mehran. It was formerly known as Sind until 1956. Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area, and second largest province by population after Punjab. Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west, and Punjab province to the north. Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east, and Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh. Sindh's climate is noted for hot summers and mild winters. The provincial capital of Sindh is Pakistan's largest city and financial hub, Karachi., The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. The nation is governed by it. B. R. Ambedkar is regarded as its chief architect., Hyderabad (; often ) is the capital of the southern Indian state of Telangana and "de jure" capital of Andhra Pradesh. Occupying along the banks of the Musi River, it has a population of about and a metropolitan population of about , making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India. At an average altitude of , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagarpredating the city's foundingnorth of the city centre., Herat is the third-largest city of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 436,300, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated in the fertile valley of the Hari River. It is linked with Kandahar and Mazar-e-Sharif via highway 1 or the ring road. It is further linked to the city of Mashhad in neighboring Iran through the border town of Islam Qala., Setar (from "seh", meaning "three" and "tr", meaning "string") is an Iranian musical instrument. It is a member of the lute family, which is played with index finger of the right hand. Two and a half centuries ago, a fourth string was added to the setar. it has 25 - 27 moveable frets which are usually made of animal intestines or silk. It originated in Persia before the spread of Islam., Rahat Fateh Ali Khan (born 1974) is a Pakistani singer, primarily of Qawwali, a devotional music of the Muslim Sufis. He is the nephew of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and son of Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan and also the grandson of Qawwali singer Fateh Ali Khan. In addition to Qawwali, he also performs ghazals and other light music. He is popular as a playback singer in Bollywood and Pakistan film industry., Hindustani classical music is the Hindustani or North Indian style of Indian classical music. The style is sometimes called "North Indian classical music" or "Shstriya Sangt". It is a tradition that has been evolving since the 12th century CE, in North India. Today, it is one of the two subgenres of Indian classical music, the other being Carnatic music, the classical tradition of South India., Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God., Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman., The Chisht Order ("chisht"; "shisht") is a Sunni Sufi order within the mystic Sufi tradition of Islam. It began in Chisht, a small town near Herat, Afghanistan about 930 CE. The Chishti Order is known for its emphasis on love, tolerance, and openness., India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad., Chittagong (, Chatga) is a major coastal seaport city and financial centre in southeastern Bangladesh. The city has a population of more than 2.5 million while the metropolitan area has a population of over 6.5 million, making it the second largest city in the country. It is the capital of an eponymous district and division. The city is located on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. Much of Chittagong Division is located within the ecological Indo-Burma zone on the boundary of the India Plate and Burma Plate. This makes Chittagong the crossroads of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The port city has been known by various names in history, including Chatigaon, Chatigam, Chattagrama, Islamabad, Chattala, Chaityabhumi and Porto Grande De Bengala., Hindustani, historically also known as Hindavi, Dehlvi and Rekhta, is the "lingua franca" of North India and Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving primarily from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi, and incorporates a large amount of vocabulary from Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic and Chagatai. It is a pluricentric language, with two official forms, Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu, which are its standardised registers, and which may be called Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu when taken together. The colloquial registers are mostly indistinguishable, and even though the official standards are nearly identical in grammar, they differ in literary conventions and in academic and technical vocabulary, with Urdu adopting stronger Persian, Turkic and Arabic influences, and Hindi relying more heavily on Sanskrit. Before the Partition of the British Indian Empire, the terms "Hindustani, Urdu," and "Hindi" were synonymous; all covered what would be called Urdu and Hindi today. The term "Hindustani" is still used for the colloquial language and "lingua franca" of North India and Pakistan, for example for the language of Bollywood films, as well as for several quite different varieties of Hindi spoken outside the Indian Subcontinent, such as Fiji Hindi of Fiji and the Caribbean Hindustani of Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, Barbados, and the rest of the Caribbean. Hindustani is also spoken by a small number of people in Mauritius and South Africa., Subject: fateh ali khan , Relation: religion, Options: (A) hindu (B) india (C) islam (D) muslim (E) sufism
Output (English): islam