Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes that shape it. Geologists usually study geology, although backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences are also useful. Field work is an important component of geology, although many subdisciplines incorporate laboratory work., Geology (from the Ancient Greek , "g", i.e. "earth" and -o, "-logia", i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars)., Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union., Varberg is a locality and the seat of Varberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden with 27,602 inhabitants in 2010., Uppsala (older spelling "Upsala") is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. It had 140,454 inhabitants in 2010., Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate., The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency., Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas., Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages., Physics (from , from "phúsis" "nature") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. One of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, the main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves., Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all the organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition known as homeostasis., The Treaty of Roskilde was concluded on 26 February (OS) or 8 March 1658 (NS) during the Second Northern War between Frederick III of DenmarkNorway and Charles X Gustav of Sweden in the Danish city of Roskilde. After a devastating defeat, Denmark-Norway was forced to give up a third of its territory to save the rest, the ceded lands comprising Blekinge, Bornholm, Bohuslän (Båhuslen), Scania (Skåne) and Trøndelag, as well as her claims to Halland., The Lund Cathedral, built as Catholic (arch)episcopal see of the Diocese of Lund (first a suffragan of Bremen in Germany, soon Metropolitan for much of Scandinavia), dedicated to Saint Lawrence, is since the Danish Reformation (as Lund was Danish until 1658) the Lutheran cathedral in Lund, Scania, Sweden. It is the seat of the bishop of Lund of the Church of Sweden., Scania, also known by its local name Skåne (or in the regional dialect), is the southernmost province ("landskap") of Sweden which consists of a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula and some islands close to it. Scania is roughly equivalent to the modern Skåne County ("Skåne län"). The responsibility for overseeing implementation of state policy in the county is administered by the County Administrative Board. Within Scania there are 33 municipalities that are independent and separate from the Scania Regional Council which has its seat in Kristianstad. The largest city is Malmö, which is also the third largest city in Sweden., Lund is a city in the province of Scania (Skåne), southern Sweden. The town had 87,244 inhabitants in 2015, out of a municipal total of 118,150 in 2016. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. , Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry includes topics such as the properties of individual atoms, how atoms form chemical bonds to create chemical compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces that give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances., Lund University is one of northern Europe's oldest, largest and most prestigious universities, consistently ranking among the world's top 100 universities. The university, located in the city of Lund in the province of Scania, Sweden, traces its roots back to 1425, when a Franciscan studium generale was founded in Lund next to the Lund Cathedral (with baccalaureates education started in 1438), making it the oldest institution of higher education in Scandinavia followed by studia generalia in Uppsala in 1477 and Copenhagen in 1479. After Sweden won Scania from Denmark in the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde, the university was founded in 1666 on the location of the old studium generale next to Lund Cathedral., Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän., Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets., Otto Martin Torell ( 1828 -- 1900 ) was a Swedish naturalist and geologist . He was born in Varberg , Sweden on 5 June 1828 . He was educated at Lund University for the medical profession , but became interested in zoological and geological studies , and being of independent means he devoted himself to science . He gave his attention first especially to the invertebrate fauna and the physical changes of pleistocene and recent times . In 1850 he applied Louis Agassiz 's theory on ice ages to explain his observations of arctic molluscs on the coast of Sweden . From 1856 to 1859 he studied the glacial phenomena of Switzerland , Iceland , Spitzbergen and Greenland , and in 1861 made the first of two Arctic expeditions to the Polar sea in company with Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld . In 1865 he visited the Netherlands to investigate the strange rock formations and to explore the possibility of answering the prize contest set up by the Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen since 1841 with the theme `` What is to be thought of Agassiz 's discovery that glacial moraines occur in Northern Europe far from present glaciers ? '' . Since 1861 the question was broadend to include the question where the hondsrug rocks came from , and in 1867 Torell sent in a proposal to declare the rocks were transported by glaciers and was awarded the prize ( a gold medal worth 400 guilders and cash to the amount of 150 guilders ) but he never collected it , to the great frustration of the Haarlem Society 's secretary , who sent him letters requesting his manuscript for publication . The 300 page manuscript was finally sent after Torell 's death by the Swedish Geological survey , of which he had become director . His widow was awarded the prize posthumously . In 1866 , he became professor of zoology and geology in the University of Lund , and in 1871 he was appointed chief of the Geological Survey of Sweden . In the latter capacity he labored until 1897 . His published contributions , though of much interest and importance , were not large , but his influence in promoting a knowledge of geology in Sweden was of great service . His Arctic experiences enabled him to interpret the method of origin of the drift deposits in northern Europe , and to show that they were largely of glacial or fluvio - glacial origin . In the English drifts he recognized many boulders of Scandinavian origin . He died on 11 September 1900 . Publications include : Bidrag till Spitsbergens molluskfauna ( 1859 ) ; and memoirs to accompany several sheets of the Geological Survey map of Sweden . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1870 ., Varberg Municipality ("Varbergs kommun") is a municipality in Halland County, in southwest Sweden. Its seat is in Varberg., Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road., Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition., Halland County ("Hallands län") is a county ("län") on the western coast of Sweden. It corresponds roughly to the cultural and historical province of Halland. The capital is Halmstad., Subject: otto martin torell, Relation: place_of_birth, Options: (A) amager (B) atlantic ocean (C) blekinge (D) bohuslän (E) bremen (F) bridge (G) copenhagen (H) denmark (I) estonia (J) eu (K) finland (L) germany (M) give (N) gothenburg (O) greenland (P) iceland (Q) island (R) isle of man (S) lawrence (T) lithuania (U) lund (V) lund municipality (W) mars (X) mayen (Y) netherlands (Z) norway ([) of (\) peninsula (]) republic (^) roskilde (_) russia (`) scandinavia (a) scania (b) shetland (c) skåne county (d) stockholm (e) sweden (f) trøndelag (g) union (h) united kingdom (i) uppsala (j) upsala (k) varberg (l) varberg municipality (m) zealand
Output (English): varberg municipality