Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: A Muslim is someone who follows or practises Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran (Koran), their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ("sunnah ") as recorded in traditional accounts ("hadith"). "Muslim" is an Arabic word meaning "one who submits (to God)"., Hassan ' Abd Allah al - Turabi ( born c.1932 in Kassala ) is a religious and Islamist political leader in Sudan . He has been called `` one of the most influential figures in modern Sudanese politics '' , and a `` longtime hard - line ideological leader '' . In particular he may have been instrumental in institutionalizing sharia Islamic law in the northern part of the country . He has been frequently imprisoned in Sudan , but these `` periods of detention '' have been `` interspersed with periods of high political office '' . Al - Turabi was leader of what was called the National Islamic Front ( NIF ) ( which changed its name to National Congress in the late 1990s ) , a political movement that developed considerable political power in Sudan while never obtaining significant popularity among Sudanese voters . It embraced a `` top down '' approach to Islamisation of placing party members in high posts in the government and security services . Turabi and the NIF reached the peak of their power from 1989 following a military coup d'état , until 2001 , as what observers have called `` the power behind the throne '' , head of the only Sunni Islamist movement to take state control of a state . Turabi oversaw highly controversial policies such as the creation of the `` NIF police state '' and associated NIF militias which consolidated Islamist power and prevented a popular uprising , but reportedly committed many human rights abuses , including `` summary executions , torture , ill treatment , arbitrary detentions , denial of freedoms of speech , assembly , and religion , and violations of the rules of war , particularly in the south '' . Turabi was a leader of opposition to the American - Saudi `` coalition forces '' in the Gulf War , establishing in 1990 - 1 the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress ( PAIC ) , a regional umbrella for political Islamist militants , headquartered in Khartoum . After 1996 , al - Turabi and his party 's `` internationalist and ideological wing '' saw a decline in influence in favor of more pragmatic leaders , brought on by the imposition of UN sanctions on Sudan in punishment for Sudan 's assistance to Egyptian terrorists in their attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak . As of 2015 Turabi and the NIF 's fortunes have waned . Sudan has lost at least a third of its land and nearly all its oil fields as a result of the cession of South Sudan , and Turabi is out of power leading a splinter group of the National Congress known as the Popular ( or People 's ) National Congress . His most recent imprisonment was 17 January 2011 for nine days , following civil unrest across the Maghreb ., Sharia (shari'a), Islamic sharia, Islamic law (()) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term "sharah" refers to God's divine law and is contrasted with "fiqh", which refers to its scholarly interpretations. The manner of its application in modern times has been a subject of dispute between Muslim traditionalists and reformists., Eritrea (or ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its toponym "Eritrea" is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea, which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890., Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam., The Quran (; ', literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran"') is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God ("Allah"). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters ("surah" in Arabic), which are then divided into verses ("ayah")., The Nile ( "en-Nl",  "an-Nl" "P(h)iaro"; Ancient Egyptian: "'p" and "Iteru"; Biblical Hebrew: , "Ha-Ye'or") is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world, however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an "international" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan., A hadith (or  plural: ahadith, ) is one of various reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The term comes from Arabic meaning a "report", "account" or "narrative". Hadith are second only to the Quran in developing Islamic jurisprudence, and regarded as important tools for understanding the Quran and commentaries ("tafsir") written on it. Some important elements of traditional Islam, such as the five salat prayers, are mentioned in hadith., Arabic (' or ' ) is a Central Semitic language that was first spoken in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the "lingua franca" of the Arab world. Arabic also is a liturgical language of 1.7 billion Muslims. It is one of six official languages of the United Nations. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, and from northwestern Arabia to the Sinai in the south., Subject: hassan al-turabi, Relation: languages_spoken_or_written, Options: (A) arabic (B) egyptian (C) greek (D) hebrew
Output (English): arabic