Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Industrial design is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production. Its key characteristic is that design is separated from manufacture: the creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features takes place in advance of the physical act of making a product, which consists purely of repeated, often automated, replication. This distinguishes industrial design from craft-based design, where the form of the product is determined by the product's creator at the time of its creation., William Grant "Bill" Moggridge, RDI (25 June 1943  8 September 2012) was a British designer, author and educator who cofounded the design company IDEO and was director of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in New York. He was a pioneer in adopting a human-centred approach in design, and championed interaction design as a mainstream design discipline (he is given credit for coining the term). Among his achievements, he designed the first laptop computer, the GRiD Compass, was honoured for Lifetime Achievement from the National Design Awards, and given the Prince Philip Designers Prize. He was quoted as saying, "If there is a simple, easy principle that binds everything I have done together, it is my interest in people and their relationship to things.", The Gavilan SC was an early laptop computer, and was the first ever to be marketed as a "laptop"., The bit is a basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can have only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state device. These values are most commonly represented as either a . The term "bit" is a portmanteau of binary digit. In information theory, the bit is equivalent to the unit "shannon", named after Claude Shannon., A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a "program", make computers very flexible and useful. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers., The Grid Compass (written "GRiD" by its manufacturer GRiD Systems Corporation) was one of the first laptop computers when the initial model was introduced in April 1982 (the model 1101). The computer was designed by British industrial designer Bill Moggridge in 1979, and first sold three years later., The Sharp PC - 5000 was a pioneering laptop computer , announced by Sharp Corporation of Japan in 1983 . Like the GRiD Compass , which preceded it , and its contemporary the Gavilan SC , it employed a clamshell design in which the display closes over the keyboard . The PC - 5000 was largely IBM PC - compatible , with the same 4.77 - MHz Intel 8088 processor as the IBM PC , and ran MS - DOS 2.0 ( in ROM ) . It had 128 kilobytes of internal memory ( it was one of the few computers to use bubble memory ) , which could be expanded by the use of plug - in cartridges . The cartridge slots also accepted ROM cartridges containing software , such as the Extended BASIC programming language and the EasyPac software suite , which contained the EasyWrite II word processor , EasyReport reports program , and EasyComm terminal software for use with the internal modem . It featured a 640 × 80 - pixel ( 80 - character by 8 - line ) LCD display , a full - transit keyboard , and an external dual 5.25 - inch floppy disk drive . A notable feature of the computer was its built - in thermal printer , which could also be purchased separately and attached to the machine . It is perhaps due to this attachment that the case design of the PC - 5000 owes much to that of electronic typewriters of its time . While far more portable than the popular Compaq Portable or Osborne 1 computers , the machine weighed 5 kg ( 11 lb ) ., Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek  "arithmos", "number") is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics. It consists of the study of numbers, especially the properties of the traditional operations between themaddition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Arithmetic is an elementary part of number theory, and number theory is considered to be one of the top-level divisions of modern mathematics, along with algebra, geometry, and analysis. The terms "arithmetic" and "higher arithmetic" were used until the beginning of the 20th century as synonyms for "number theory" and are sometimes still used to refer to a wider part of number theory., Subject: sharp pc-5000, Relation: significant_event, Options: (A) design (B) production (C) theory
Output (English): production