Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Innovation can be defined simply as a "new idea, device, or method". However, innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more-effective products, processes, services, technologies, or business models that are readily available to markets, governments and society. The term "innovation" can be defined as something original and more effective and, as a consequence, new, that "breaks into" the market or society. It is related to, but not the same as, invention. Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process. The exnovation is the opposite of innovation., Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. "Human capital" is sometimes used synonymously with "human resources", although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and economic growth). Likewise, other terms sometimes used include "manpower", "talent", "labour", "personnel", or simply "people"., A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups., An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not. It need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate, or present., Institutions are "stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior". As structures or mechanisms of social order, they govern the behaviour of a set of individuals within a given community. Institutions are identified with a social purpose, transcending individuals and intentions by mediating the rules that govern living behavior. , Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it be a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees or volunteers to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources. The term "management" may also refer to the people who manage an organization., A business (also known as an enterprise, a company or a firm) is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers.
Businesses as a form of economic activity are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services to customers in exchange for other goods, services, or money. Businesses may also be social non-profit enterprises or state-owned public enterprises charged by governments with specific social and economic objectives. A business owned by multiple individuals may form as an incorporated company or jointly organise as a partnership. Countries have different laws that may ascribe different rights to the various business entities., An organization or organisation (see spelling differences) is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment., Innovation management is the management of innovation processes . It refers both to product and organizational innovation . Innovation management includes a set of tools that allow managers and engineers to cooperate with a common understanding of processes and goals . Innovation management allows the organization to respond to external or internal opportunities , and use its creativity to introduce new ideas , processes or products . It is not relegated to R&D ; it involves workers at every level in contributing creatively to a company 's product development , manufacturing and marketing . By utilizing innovation management tools , management can trigger and deploy the creative capabilities of the work force for the continuous development of a company . Common tools include brainstorming , virtual prototyping , product lifecycle management , idea management , TRIZ , Phase -- gate model , project management , product line planning and portfolio management . The process can be viewed as an evolutionary integration of organization , technology and market by iterating series of activities : search , select , implement and capture . Innovation processes can either be pushed or pulled through development . A pushed process is based on existing or newly invented technology , that the organization has access to , and tries to find profitable applications for . A pulled process is based on finding areas where customers needs are not met , and then find solutions to those needs . To succeed with either method , an understanding of both the market and the technical problems are needed . By creating multi-functional development teams , containing both engineers and marketers , both dimensions can be solved . The product lifecycle of products is getting shorter because of increased competition . This forces companies to reduce the time to market . Innovation managers must therefore decrease development time , without sacrificing quality or meeting the needs of the market ., A goal is a desired result or possible outcome that a person or a system envisions, plans and commits to achieve: a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines., Engineering is the application of mathematics and scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research, and improve structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, processes, solutions, and organizations., An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process. The invention process is a process within an overall engineering and product development process. It may be an improvement upon a machine or product or a new process for creating an object or a result. An invention that achieves a completely unique function or result may be a radical breakthrough. Such works are novel and not obvious to others skilled in the same field. An inventor may be taking a big step in success or failure., Subject: innovation management, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) activity (B) administration (C) application (D) collective (E) company (F) composition (G) design (H) device (I) economy (J) engineering (K) enterprise (L) exchange (M) function (N) goal (O) government (P) group (Q) human (R) idea (S) institution (T) invention (U) machine (V) may (W) method (X) money (Y) novel (Z) object ([) organization (\) people (]) person (^) point (_) process (`) product (a) profit (b) radical (c) result (d) sector (e) set (f) sharing (g) social order (h) society (i) stable (j) term (k) territory (l) time
Output (English): activity