Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Mulberry harbours were temporary portable harbours developed by the British during World War II to facilitate the rapid offloading of cargo onto beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. After the Allies successfully held beachheads following D-Day, two prefabricated harbours were taken in sections across the English Channel from Britain with the invading army and assembled off Omaha (Mulberry "A") and Gold Beach (Mulberry "B")., The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940, during World War II. The operation was decided upon when large numbers of Belgian, British, and French troops were cut off and surrounded by the German army during the Battle of France. In a speech to the House of Commons, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called the events in France "a colossal military disaster", saying "the whole root and core and brain of the British Army" had been stranded at Dunkirk and seemed about to perish or be captured. In his "We shall fight on the beaches" speech on 4 June, he hailed their rescue as a "miracle of deliverance"., Brigadier Sir Bruce Gordon White , KBE , FCGI , FICE , FIEE ( 1885 - 1983 ) was one of the leading British consulting engineers of his generation . Son of the engineer Robert White ( 1842 - 1925 ) , Bruce White joined his father 's practice in 1919 together with his brother Colin White in 1923 . On his father 's death Bruce White became senior partner . After World War II Bruce White was knighted , and the practice became known as Sir Bruce White , Woolfe Barry and Partners . On Sir Bruce 's retirement Allan Beckett became senior partner . The family firm continues today as marine consulting engineers Beckett Rankine where Sir Bruce 's grandson Gordon Rankine and Allan Beckett 's son Tim Beckett are directors . Born on 5 February 1885 , White saw military service in Europe during World War I as a Major in the Royal Engineers ; he was involved in the design and construction of Richborough military port near Sandwich in Kent ; the port was notable for being equipped with the UK 's first electric gantry cranes for cargo handling . White was appointed MBE in 1919 . During World War II White returned to military service with the rank of brigadier . He held the posts of Director of Ports and IWT at the War Office and Deputy Director , Department of Transportation Tn ( 5 ) . He was part of the team involved in planning and designing of the `` artificial '' Mulberry harbours , having been responsible for the development of the four - legged floating pontoons and the floating roadways that became the Spud pier heads and the Whale piers of these two harbours . These were used to supply Allied forces in France after the D - day landings in Normandy . In this capacity he was chairman of the Harbours committee , which was principally made up of civilian consultant civil engineers who undertook the design of Mulberry . He was appointed a CBE in 1943 and a KBE in 1944 . After the war his company was responsible for the design of the Chiswick flyover , Bhavnagar Port , Bombay Marine Oil Terminal , Damman Port , Muara Port , the UK 's first container terminal at Tilbury 's Berth 30 and Singapore 's first container berth . White worked into his nineties . He died on 29 September 1983 ., Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II., Allan Harry Beckett MBE (b. 4 March 1914, East Ham, London Borough of Newham, United Kingdom, d. 19 June 2005, Farnborough, London) was a civil engineer whose design for the 'Whale' floating roadway was crucial to the success of the Mulberry harbour that was used in the Normandy Landings. Starting the war as a sapper digging trenches on the South Coast at the time of the Dunkirk evacuation, Allan Beckett came to play a significant rôle in the success of the Mulberry harbour used during and after the Normandy landings of June 1944., Military personnel are members of the armed forces. Usually, personnel are divided into military branches roughly defined by certain circumstances of their deployment. Those who serve in a typical large land force are soldiers, making up an army. Those who serve in seagoing forces are seamen or sailors, and their branch is a navy or coast guard . Marines serve in a marine corps. In the 20th century, the development of powered flight aircraft prompted the development of air forces, serviced by airmen. Designated leaders of military personnel are officers. These include commissioned officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs). For naval forces, non-commissioned officers are referred to as petty officers (POs).
military personnel are instructed to wear dog tags, Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability., Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The most famous use of trench warfare is the Western Front in World War I. It has become a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges and futility in conflict., World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved., In general, a civilian is "a person who is not a member of the military or of a police or firefighting force", as defined by Merriam Webster's Dictionary. From the perspective of the U.S. Department of Defense, Chapter 18 of Title 10 United States Code refers to non-military law enforcement officers as civilians since they are employees rather than enlisted personnel, and also in order to distinguish itself from military police. In military and law enforcement slang, the term "Civies" or "Civvies" are often used to refer civilian population or civilian clothing., World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history., Subject: bruce white, Relation: military_branch, Options: (A) aircraft (B) army (C) artillery (D) british army (E) german army (F) military police (G) navy (H) united states army
Output (English): british army