Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: The Kamakura shogunate (Japanese: , "Kamakura bakufu") was a Japanese feudal military government that ruled from 1185 to 1333. The heads of the government were the shoguns. The first three were members of the Minamoto clan. The next two were members of the Fujiwara clan. The last six were minor Imperial princes., Buddhism (or ) is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. Buddhism originated in India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, from where it spread through much of Asia, whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: "The School of the Elders") and Mahayana (Sanskrit: "The Great Vehicle"). Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 500 million followers or 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists., In Japanese, they are usually referred to as or . According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character  was originally a verb meaning "to wait upon" or "accompany persons" in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau. In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean "those who serve in close attendance to the nobility", the pronunciation in Japanese changing to saburai. According to Wilson, an early reference to the word "samurai" appears in the Kokin Wakash (905914), the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the first part of the 10th century., The Lotus Stra (Sanskrit: "", literally "Sutra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma") is one of the most popular and influential Mahayana sutras, and the basis on which the Tiantai, Tendai, Cheontae, and Nichiren schools of Buddhism were established. For many East Asian Buddhists, the Lotus Stra contains the ultimate and complete teaching of the Buddha and the recitation of the text is understood to bring auspicious fortune and eradicate ones accumulated negative karma., Nichiren (  ; February 16 , 1222 -- November 21 , 1282 ) was a Buddhist monk who lived during the Kamakura period ( 1185 -- 1333 ) in Japan . Nichiren taught devotion to the Lotus Sutra , which claims to contain Gautama Buddha 's teachings towards the end of his life , as the exclusive means to attain enlightenment . Nichiren believed that this sutra contained the essence of all of Gautama Buddha 's teachings related to the laws of causality , karma , and leading all people without distinction to enlightenment . This devotion to the sutra entails the chanting of Namu Myh Renge Ky `` homage to the Lotus Sutra '' , a phrase referred to as the daimoku , as the essential practice of the teaching . Nichiren Buddhism includes various schools such as Honmon Butsury Sh , Nichiren Shsh , the Nichiren Sh confederation of schools , and lay movements such as Rissh Ksei Kai or Soka Gakkai , each claiming to be the only true follower of their founder , with their own interpretations of Nichiren 's teachings . However , despite the differences between schools , all Nichiren sects share the fundamental practice of chanting daimoku . While all Nichiren Buddhist schools regard him as a reincarnation of the Lotus Sutra 's Visistacaritra or Jgy Bosatsu (  ) , some schools of Nichiren Buddhism 's Nikk lineages regard him as the actual Buddha of this age , or the Buddha of the Latter day of the Law and for all eternity ., Nichiren (; 16 February 1222  13 October 1282), born as , was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (11851333). Nichiren is known for his sole devotion to the "Lotus Sutra", asserting that it was Shakyamuni Buddha's ultimate teachings and was the exclusive method to attain enlightenment.
Nichiren believed that the Lotus Sutra contained the essence of all of Shakyamuni Buddha's teachings related to the laws of causality, karma, without any distinction to enlightenment. His interpretation of the Lotus Sutra centers on the emphasis of its 16th chapter, "The Life Span of the Thus Come One", where he grounds his revelation that the chanting of Nam Myh Renge Ky is the superior practice of "Mapp" or today's age., As of September 1, 2016, the modern city has an estimated population of 172,302 and a population density of 4,358.77 persons per km². The total area is ., The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun, Minamoto no Yoritomo. The period is known for the emergence of the samurai, the warrior caste, and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan., A was the military dictator of Japan during the period from 1185 to 1868 (with exceptions). In most of this period, the shoguns were the "de facto" rulers of the country; although nominally they were appointed by the Emperor as a ceremonial formality. The Shogun held almost absolute power over territories through military means. Nevertheless, an unusual situation occurred in the Kamakura period (11991333) upon the death of the first shogun, whereby the Hj clan's hereditary titles of "shikken" (1199-1256) and "tokus" (12561333) monopolized the shogunate as dictatorial positions, collectively known as the . The shogun during this 134-year period met the same fate as the Emperor and was reduced to a figurehead until a coup in 1333, when the Shogun was restored to power in the name of the Emperor., China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower., Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea., Sanskrit (English pronunciation:; written in Devanagari script ; : or ', originally ', "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism and "Mahyna" Buddhism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. It was also a literary language that was in use as a "lingua franca" in ancient and medieval South Asia. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies., Cheontae is the Korean descendant of the Chinese Buddhist school Tiantai. Tiantai was introduced to Korea a couple of times during earlier periods, but was not firmly established until the time of Uicheon (1055-1101) who established Cheontae in Goryeo as an independent school., Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people., Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. , Subject: nichiren, Relation: date_of_death, Options: (A) 1 (B) 1055 (C) 1101 (D) 1185 (E) 1192 (F) 1199 (G) 1256 (H) 1282 (I) 13 (J) 13 october 1282 (K) 1333 (L) 134 (M) 140 (N) 16 (O) 1868 (P) 1945 (Q) 22 (R) 30 (S) 302 (T) 500 (U) 7 (V) 905
Output (English): 13 october 1282