Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Adrantus, or Ardrantus or Adrastus, was a contemporary of Athenaeus who wrote a commentary in five books upon the work of Theophrastus, entitled , to which he added a sixth book upon the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle., Antigonus of Carystus (Greek   ; in Latin "Antigonus Carystius"), Greek writer on various subjects, flourished in the 3rd century BC. After some time spent at Athens and in travelling, he was summoned to the court of Attalus I (241 BC197 BC) of Pergamum. His chief work is the "Successions of Philosophers" drawn from personal knowledge, with considerable fragments preserved in Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. We still possess his "Historiae Mirabiles" ("Collection of Wonderful Tales"), a paradoxographical work chiefly extracted from the    ("On Marvellous Things Heard") attributed to Aristotle and the  of Callimachus. It is doubtful whether he is identical with the sculptor who, according to Pliny ("Nat. Hist." xxxiv. 19), wrote books on his art., The Suda or Souda is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Suidas. It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers. The derivation is probably from the Byzantine Greek word "souda", meaning "fortress" or "stronghold," with the alternate name, "Suidas", stemming from an error made by Eustathius, who mistook the title for the author's name., Successions of Philosophers or Philosophers' Successions was the name of several lost works from the Hellenistic era. Their purpose was to depict the philosophers of different schools in terms of a line of succession of which they were a part. From the 3rd to the 1st centuries BC there were "Successions" written by Antigonus of Carystus, Sotion, Heraclides Lembos (an epitome of Sotion), Sosicrates, Alexander Polyhistor, Jason of Nysa, Antisthenes of Rhodes, and Nicias of Nicaea. The surviving "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers" by Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century AD) draws upon this tradition., Lucius Cornelius Alexander Polyhistor (flourished in the first half of the 1st century BC; also called Alexander of Miletus) was a Greek scholar who was enslaved by the Romans during the Mithridatic War and taken to Rome as a tutor. After his release, he continued to live in Italy as a Roman citizen. He was so productive a writer that he earned the surname "polyhistor" (very learned). The majority of his writings are now lost, but the fragments that remain shed valuable light on antiquarian and eastern Mediterranean subjects.
Among his works were historical and geographical accounts of nearly all the countries of the ancient world, and the book "Upon the Jews" which excerpted many works which might otherwise be unknown., Sosicrates of Rhodes ( Greek :  ; floruit c. 180 BC ) was a Greek historical writer . Sosicrates was born on the island Rhodes and is noted , chiefly , for his frequent mention by Diogenes Laërtius in his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers -- referencing Sosicrates as the sole authority behind such facts as Aristippus having written nothing . It is inferred that Sosicrates flourished after Hermippus and before Apollodorus of Athens , and , therefore , sometime between 200 and 128 BC. Sosicrates is claimed to have penned a Successions of Philosophers , quoted by both Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius . Sosicrates also composed a work on the history of Crete -- though neither of the aforementioned works have survived ., Sotion of Alexandria ("gen".: ; fl. c. 200  170 BC) was a Greek doxographer and biographer, and an important source for Diogenes Laërtius. None of his works survive; they are known only indirectly. His principal work, the  or  (the "Successions"), was one of the first history books to have organized philosophers into schools of successive influence: e.g., the so-called Ionian School of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. It is quoted very frequently by Diogenes Laërtius, and Athenaeus. Sotion's "Successions" likely consisted of 23 books, and at least partly drew on the doxography of Theophrastus. The "Successions" was influential enough to be abridged by Heraclides Lembus in the mid-2nd century BC, and works by the same title were subsequently written by Sosicrates of Rhodes and Antisthenes of Rhodes., Aristarchus of Samothrace (c. 220  c. 143 BC) was a grammarian noted as the most influential of all scholars of Homeric poetry. He was the librarian of the library of Alexandria and seems to have succeeded his teacher Aristophanes of Byzantium in that role., Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study., Commodus (31 August 161  31 December 192), born Lucius Aurelius Commodus and died Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, was Roman Emperor from 180 to 192. He also ruled as co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180., Athenaeus of Naucratis (or N, "Athnaios Naukratits" or "Naukratios") was a Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The "Suda" says only that he lived in the times of Marcus Aurelius, but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus, who died in 192, shows that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of Adrantus., Marcus Aurelius (26 April 121  17 March 180 AD) was Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 AD. He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Verus' death in 169. Marcus Aurelius was the last of the so-called Five Good Emperors. He was a practitioner of Stoicism, and his untitled writing, commonly known as the "Meditations", is the most significant source of the modern understanding of ancient Stoic philosophy., Nicias of Nicaea, was a biographer and historian of ancient Greek philosophers. Nothing is known about his life, he may have lived in the 1st century BC or AD. He is repeatedly referred to by Athenaeus. His principal work seems to have been a "Successions", a history of the various schools of philosophy. Athenaeus also mentions a work "On the Philosophers", A third work, a "History of Arcadia" is also referred to, but whether it is by this Nicias is unclear., Diogenes Laërtius ("Diogens Laertios"; fl. c. 3rd century AD) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers" is a principal source for the history of Greek philosophy., Antisthenes of Rhodes was a Greek historian who lived c. 200 BCE. He took an active part in the political affairs of his country, and wrote a history of his own time, which, notwithstanding his bias towards his native island, is spoken of in terms of high praise by Polybius. He wrote an account of the Battle of Lade (201 BC) and was, according to Polybius, a contemporary with the events he described., Jason (Iason; 1st-century BC) of Nysa, a Stoic philosopher, son of Menecrates, and, on his mother's side, grandson of Posidonius, of whom also he was the disciple and successor at the Stoic school at Rhodes. He therefore flourished after the middle of the 1st century BC. The Suda lists four works of his:, Diogenes of Babylon (also known as Diogenes of Seleucia ; c. 230  c. 150/140 BC) was a Stoic philosopher. He was the head of the Stoic school in Athens, and he was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC. He wrote many works, but none of his writings survive, except as quotations by later writers., Alexandria (or ; Arabic: '; '; "") is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also an important tourist destination., A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either theology or science. The term "philosopher" comes from the Ancient Greek ("philosophos") meaning "lover of wisdom". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BC)., Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 435  c. 356 BCE) was the founder of the Cyrenaic school of Philosophy. He was a pupil of Socrates, but adopted a very different philosophical outlook, teaching that the goal of life was to seek pleasure by adapting circumstances to oneself and by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity. Among his pupils was his daughter Arete., Apollodorus of Athens (c. 180 BC  after 120 BC) son of Asclepiades, was a Greek scholar, historian and grammarian. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon, Panaetius the Stoic, and the grammarian Aristarchus of Samothrace. He left (perhaps fled) Alexandria around 146 BC, most likely for Pergamon, and eventually settled in Athens., Subject: sosicrates, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) antiquarian (B) author (C) biographer (D) book (E) disciple (F) drawing (G) emperor (H) founder (I) grammarian (J) historian (K) major (L) philosopher (M) prior (N) rhetorician (O) scholar (P) science (Q) sculptor (R) writer
Output (English): historian