Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Paths of Glory is a 1957 American anti-war film by Stanley Kubrick based on the novel of the same name by Humphrey Cobb. Set during World War I, the film stars Kirk Douglas as Colonel Dax, the commanding officer of French soldiers who refuse to continue a suicidal attack. Dax attempts to defend them against a charge of cowardice in a court-martial., The Famous Players Film Company or Celebrated Players was a film company.It was founded in 1912 by Adolph Zukor in partnership with the Frohman brothers, the powerful New York City theatre impresarios. Discussions to form the company were held at The Lambs, the famous theater club where Charles and Daniel Frohman were members. The company advertised "Famous Players in Famous Plays" and its first release was the French film "Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth" (1912) starring Sarah Bernhardt and Lou Tellegen. Its first actual production was "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1912, released 1913), directed by Edwin S. Porter and starring James O'Neill, the father of dramatist Eugene O'Neill. The company established a studio on 26th Street in New York City that today is Chelsea Studios., Apulia ( Apoulia) is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its southernmost portion, known as the Salento peninsula, forms a "stiletto" on the "boot" of Italy. The region comprises , and its population is about 4 million., The Sheik is a 1921 American silent romantic drama film produced by Famous Players - Lasky , directed by George Melford and starring Rudolph Valentino and Agnes Ayres , and featuring Adolphe Menjou . It was based on the bestselling romance novel of the same name by Edith Maude Hull and was adapted for the screen by Monte M. Katterjohn . The film was box office hit and helped propel Valentino to stardom . In the sequel The Son of the Sheik , Valentino played both the Sheik and his son , while Ayres reprised her role ., In sociology and psychology, mass hysteria (also known as collective hysteria, group hysteria, or collective obsessional behavior) is a phenomenon that transmits collective illusions of threats, whether real or imaginary, through a population in society as a result of rumors and fear (memory acknowledgment)., Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901  May 13, 1961) was an American film actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style and screen performances. His career spanned thirty-five years, from 1925 to 1960, and included leading roles in eighty-four feature films. He was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood. His screen persona appealed strongly to both men and women, and his range of performances included roles in most major movie genres. Cooper's ability to project his own personality onto the characters he played contributed to his appearing natural and authentic on screen. The screen persona he sustained throughout his career represented the ideal American hero., Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Pierre Filibert Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella, professionally known as Rudolph Valentino (May 6, 1895  August 23, 1926), was an Italian actor who starred in several well-known silent films including "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse," "The Sheik," "Blood and Sand," "The Eagle," and "The Son of the Sheik." He was an early pop icon, a sex symbol of the 1920s, who was known as the "Latin lover" or simply as "Valentino". He had applied for American citizenship shortly before his untimely death at age 31, which caused mass hysteria among his female fans and further propelled him into iconic status.
Early life.
Childhood.
Valentino was born Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi in Castellaneta, Apulia, Kingdom of Italy. His mother, Marie Berta Gabrielle (née Barbin; 18561919), was French, born in Lure in Franche-Comté. His father, Giovanni Antonio Giuseppe Fedele Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella, was Italian; he was a veterinarian who died of malaria when Rodolfo was 11 years of age. Valentino had an older brother, Alberto (18921981), a younger sister, Maria, and an older sister, Beatrice, who had died in infancy., Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928  March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor, and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history. His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music., A Woman of Paris is a feature-length American silent film that debuted in 1923. The film, an atypical drama film for its creator, was written, directed, produced and later scored by Charlie Chaplin. It is also known as A Woman of Paris: A Drama of Fate., A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936. In silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, synchronized dialogue was only made practical in the late 1920s with the perfection of the Audion amplifier tube and the introduction of the Vitaphone system. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, even a small orchestra would often play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise; an orchestra would play from sheet music., Adolphe Jean Menjou (February 18, 1890  October 29, 1963) was an American actor. His career spanned both silent films and talkies. He appeared in such films as Charles Chaplin's "A Woman of Paris", in which he played the lead role; Stanley Kubrick's "Paths of Glory" with Kirk Douglas; Ernst Lubitsch's "The Marriage Circle"; "The Sheik" with Rudolph Valentino; "Morocco" with Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper; and "A Star Is Born" with Janet Gaynor and Fredric March. He was nominated for an Academy Award for "The Front Page" in 1931., Jesse Louis Lasky (September 13, 1880  January 13, 1958) was an American pioneer motion picture producer. He was a key founder of Paramount Pictures with Adolph Zukor, and father of screenwriter Jesse L. Lasky, Jr., Agnes Ayres (April 4, 1898  December 25, 1940) was an American actress who rose to fame during the silent film era. She was known for her role as Lady Diana Mayo in "The Sheik" opposite Rudolph Valentino., The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre. Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending." There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction. Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents"., Franche-Comté (literally "Free County", Frainc-Comtou dialect: "Fraintche-Comtè"; ) is a former administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, Jura, Haute-Saône and the Territoire de Belfort. In 2009, its population was 1,168,208., Famous Players-Lasky Corporation was an American motion picture and distribution company created on July 19, 1916, from the merger of Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Companyoriginally formed by Zukor as Famous Players in Famous Playsand Jesse L. Lasky's Feature Play Company., Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897  April 14, 1975) was a "distinguished stage actor and one of Hollywood's most celebrated, versatile stars of the 1930s and 40s." He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (1931) and "The Best Years of Our Lives" (1946), as well as the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for "Years Ago" (1947) and "Long Day's Journey into Night" (1956)., Adolph Zukor (January 7, 1873  June 10, 1976) was an American film mogul and founder of Paramount Pictures., Fiction is the classification for any story or universe derived from imaginationin other words, not based strictly on history or fact. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most commonly refers to the narrative forms of literature (see "literary" fiction), including the novel, novella, short story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form., Castellaneta is a city and "comune" in the province of Taranto, in the Apulia region of Southern Italy, about from Taranto. Located in a territory spanning from the Murgia to the Ionian Sea, characterized by numerous "gravina" ravines, it is part of the Comunità Montana della Murgia Tarantina (Tarentine Murgia Mountain Community)., Subject: the sheik , Relation: production_company, Options: (A) collective (B) dr (C) eagle (D) famous players film company (E) france (F) history (G) italy (H) jesse louis lasky (I) paramount pictures (J) paris (K) screen (L) stanley kubrick (M) vitaphone
Output (English): paramount pictures