Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Sciara is a genus of fungus gnats that feed on decaying organic matter and fungi , and are often found in greenhouses . Their larvae are up to 6 mm long , white , slender and legless , with a black head and smooth semi-transparent skin which reveals the contents of the digestive tract . The adult fly is small , up to 3 mm , has a dark brown body , small head and its legs and wings are comparatively long , looking like a mosquito . Sex determination in sciara is a different mechanism . Sciara basically has 4 pairs of chromosomes 3 pairs of autosomes and one pair of allosomes . Some special chromosomes called limited chromosomes are present in certain stages . The zygote has 3 pairs of autosomes a one or more limited chromosomes and 3 X chromosome ( 2 fathers '' , 1 mother 's ) . There are 2 stages in Sciara 1 ) GERM LINE Is also the gametic line where the gamete formation takes place . The no. of chromosomes during this line is different in males and females . i ) MALES In the formation sperms the 1st spermatocystic division is monocentric mitosis , the maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes are separated . Then few limited chromosomes are eliminated not all of them . After this one paternal X chromosome is also eliminated . Hence male germ line ( spermatogonia ) cells have 3 pairs of autosomes , 2 ( one maternal and one paternal ) X chromosomes and a few limited chromosomes . ii ) FEMALES In the formation ova the 1st ovarian division is monocentric mitosis , the maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes are separated . Then few limited chromosomes are eliminated not all of them . After this both 2 paternal X chromosome are also eliminated . Hence female germ line ( oogonia ) cells have 3 pairs of autosomes , 1 maternal X chromosomes and a few limited chromosomes . 2 ) SOMA LINE Is the vegetative stage . During early cleavage stages of the embryo limited chromosomes are eliminated . The no. of chromosomes during this line is different in males and females . i ) MALES During the 5th and 6th divisions of the embryo all the limited chromosomes are eliminated . Then paternal X chromosome is eliminated which are 2 in number . Hence male soma line cells have 3 pairs of autosomes and one maternal X chromosome . ii ) FEMALES During the 5th and 6th divisions of the embryo all the limited chromosomes are eliminated . In the next stage of cleavage one paternal X chromosome is eliminated . Hence female soma line cells have 3 pairs of autosomes and one maternal and one paternal X chromosome ., In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs., Fungus gnats (some times mistakenly identified as drain flies) are small, dark, short-lived gnats, of the families Sciaridae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae, and Mycetophilidae (order Diptera); they are sometimes placed in the superfamily Mycetophilidae., Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus., A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus., Subject: sciara , Relation: parent_taxon, Options: (A) animal (B) homo (C) sciaridae
Output (English): sciaridae