Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: The Auxilia (Latin, lit. "auxiliaries") constituted the standing non-citizen corps of the Imperial Roman army during the Principate era (30 BC284 AD), alongside the citizen legions. By the 2nd century, the Auxilia contained the same number of infantry as the legions and in addition provided almost all of the Roman army's cavalry and more specialised troops (especially light cavalry and archers). The "auxilia" thus represented three-fifths of Rome's regular land forces at that time. Like their legionary counterparts, auxiliary recruits were mostly volunteers, not conscripts., The Roman army (Latin: ) is a term that can in general be applied to the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (to c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (50031 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC  395/476 AD), and its successor the East Roman or Byzantine Empire. It is thus a term that may span approximately 2,000 years, during which the Roman armed forces underwent numerous permutations in composition, organisation, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions., The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ("Hermannsschlacht", or "Varusschlacht")described as "Clades Variana" (the Varian Disaster) by Roman historianstook place in the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE, when an alliance of Germanic tribes ambushed and decisively destroyed three Roman legions and their auxiliaries, led by Publius Quinctilius Varus. The anti-Roman alliance was led by Arminius, a Germanic officer of Varus' auxilia who had acquired Roman citizenship and had received a Roman military education, thus enabling him to deceive the Roman commander methodically and anticipate the Roman army's tactical responses., Augustus (23 September 63 BC  19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14., The Teutoburg Forest (colloquially: "") is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia which was formerly believed to be the scene of Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, a decisive battle between the Germans and Romans in Until the 19th century the official name of the hill ridge was Osning., The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in about 30 BC to the Crisis of the Third Century in 284 AD, after which it evolved into the so-called "Dominate"., The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic., Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC Cremona, Roman Republic  Sept. 9 AD near Kalkriese, Germany) was a Roman general and politician under the first Roman emperor Augustus. Varus is generally remembered for having lost three Roman legions when ambushed by Germanic tribes led by Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, whereupon he took his own life., Citizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance., Legio undevigesima ( `` Nineteenth Legion '' ) was a legion of the Imperial Roman army . It was founded in 41 or 40 BC by Octavian , the future emperor Augustus . It was destroyed in 9 AD in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . The emblem of the XIXth legion is unknown , but probably was the Capricorn like other legions levied by Augustus . Their first assignment was in Sicily where Sextus Pompey , son of Pompey , was leading a revolt . This revolt put Rome 's grain supply in peril and it needed a harsh response . In 30 BC , veterans of the XIX legion were settled near Pisa , and after that , the rest of the legion was allocated in the Rhine frontier with base camp at Cologne . The XIX legion participated in the German campaigns of Drusus ( 13 -- 9 BC ) and Tiberius ( 8 -- 5 BC ) . By the year 5 BC Germania was a Roman province and Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned as governor . In September 9 , Arminius , leader of the Cherusci and a Roman ally , set a trap . He had reported a major revolt of one of the western tribes and suggested the return of both governor and his legions to the Rhine . Varus accepted the suggestion and went with the XVII , XVIII and XIX legions . The army was trapped near Osnabrück and was completely destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . Between 16 and 18 , Germanicus , the leader of the Rhine armies , looked for the remains of the legions . After its destruction , the Romans never used this legion number again ., Arminius (German: "Hermann"; 18/17 BC  AD 19) was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci tribe and a former officer in the Roman military, as well as a traitor of the Senate and People of Rome. An auxiliary lieutenant to the Roman general Publius Quinctilius Varus, Arminius used his knowledge of Roman tactics to lead an allied coalition of Germanic tribes to a decisive victory against three Roman legions and their auxiliaries in the historic Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, in 9 AD., A Roman legion (from Latin "legio" "military levy, conscription", from "legere" "to choose") was the largest unit of the Roman army involving from 3000 men in early times to over 5200 men in imperial times, consisting of "centuries" as the basic units. Until the middle of the first century, 10 cohorts (about 5,000 men) made up a Roman Legion. This was later changed to nine cohorts of standard size (with 6 centuries at 80 men each) and one cohort, the first cohort, of double strength (5 double-strength centuries with 160 men each)., Subject: legio xix, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) addition (B) alliance (C) ancient rome (D) annexation (E) armed forces (F) army (G) august (H) battle (I) century (J) city (K) civilization (L) conflict (M) corps (N) emperor (O) empire (P) equipment (Q) era (R) forest (S) founder (T) government (U) hill (V) infantry (W) military (X) name (Y) number (Z) officer ([) official (\) people (]) politician (^) range (_) republic (`) roman legion (a) scene (b) sea (c) september (d) size (e) status (f) term (g) three (h) time (i) tribe (j) year
Output (English): roman legion