Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers (APCs). It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and was seen in public for the first time in 1961. BTR stands for "Bronetransporter" (, , literally "armoured transporter")., An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a combat vehicle, protected by strong armour and generally armed with weapons, which combines operational mobility, tactical offensive, and defensive capabilities. AFVs can be wheeled or tracked. It is not uncommon for AFVs to be simply referred to as "armour"., The Eastern Bloc was the group of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact. The terms Communist Bloc and Soviet Bloc were also used to denote groupings of states aligned with the Soviet Union, although these terms might include states outside Central and Eastern Europe., A military operation is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and are referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives., The ZiS-151 was general-purpose truck produced by the Soviet car manufacturer Automotive Factory No. 2 "Zavod imeni Stalina" in 19471958. In 1956, the factory was renamed to "Zavod imeni Likhacheva", and new trucks were called ZiL-151., The BTR-152 (also known as BTR-140) was a six-wheeled Soviet armored personnel carrier (, from /"Bronetransporter", literally "armored transporter") , built on the chassis and drive train of a ZiS-151 utility truck. It entered service with a number of Warsaw Pact member states beginning in 1950, and formed the mainstay of Soviet motor rifle battalions until the advent of the amphibious BTR-60 series during the 1960s., In military operations, reconnaissance is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and enemy presence., The BRDM-2 ("Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina",    , literally "Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle") is an amphibious armoured patrol car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union. It was also known under the designations BTR-40PB, BTR-40P-2 and GAZ 41-08. This vehicle, like many other Soviet designs, has been exported extensively and is in use in at least 38 countries. It was intended to replace the earlier BRDM-1, compared to which it had improved amphibious capabilities and better armament., BRDM is an initialism for "Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina", (RU    ), literally "Combat Reconnaissance Patrol Vehicle". The BRDM is a four-wheeled amphibious vehicle which is very lightly armoured by today's standards. Both versions were produced in the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries. Both versions came in an ATGM variant. The BRDM-2 also came as a command vehicle and as an air defence vehicle., The BRDM-1 ("Bronirovannaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina",    , literally "Armored reconnaissance/patrol vehicle") was an amphibious armored scout car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union. It was originally known simply as BRDM but when the BRDM-2 entered production and service with Soviet Army in 1962, it received the designation BRDM-1. The BRDM (also known as the BTR-40P) first appeared in 1957, and was in production until 1966. Total production was around 10,000 vehicles, less than 600 remain in the reserves of a number of countries., An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) designed to transport infantry to the battlefield. APCs are colloquially referred to as 'battle taxis' or 'battle buses', among other things. Armoured personnel carriers are distinguished from infantry fighting vehicles by the weaponry they carry., Infantry is the general branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot. As the troops who engage with the enemy in close-ranged combat, infantry units bear the largest brunt of warfare and typically suffer the greatest number of casualties during a military campaign. Historically, as the oldest branch of the combat arms, the infantry are the tip of the spear of a modern army, and continually undergo training that is typically more physically demanding and psychologically stressful than that of any other branch of the combat arms. Common representations of infantry fighting forces include the U.S. Army Infantry Branch, U.S. Marine Corps Infantry, Royal Canadian Infantry Corps, Infantry of the British Army, and the Royal Australian Corps of Infantry., The Warsaw Pact, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance and sometimes, informally, WarPac. was a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe., The BTR - 40 (  , from  , or Bronetransporter , literally `` armoured transporter '' .  ) is a Soviet non-amphibious , wheeled armoured personnel carrier and reconnaissance vehicle . It is often referred to as the Sorokovka in Soviet service . It is also the first mass - produced Soviet APC . It was eventually replaced in the APC role by the BTR - 152 and in the scout car role by the BRDM - 1 ., The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital., An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), or mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV), is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct fire support. The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe defines an infantry fighting vehicle as "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped primarily to transport a combat infantry squad, which is armed with an integral or organic cannon of at least 20 millimeters calibre and sometimes an antitank missile launcher.", Subject: btr-40, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) 1 (B) armored personnel carrier (C) armour (D) bear (E) branch (F) calibre (G) campaign (H) cannon (I) capital (J) chassis (K) collective (L) combat (M) communist party (N) corps (O) council (P) country (Q) designation (R) eight (S) exploration (T) factory (U) federation (V) four (W) government (X) group (Y) infantry (Z) infantry fighting vehicle ([) information (\) initialism (]) march (^) may (_) member (`) military (a) military campaign (b) military operation (c) number (d) operation (e) pact (f) party (g) plan (h) population (i) public (j) reconnaissance (k) reconnaissance vehicle (l) role (m) saint (n) series (o) service (p) six (q) soviet (r) state (s) surface (t) time (u) training (v) treaty (w) truck (x) vehicle
Output (English): armored personnel carrier