Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Thea Gabriele von Harbou (27 December 1888  1 July 1954) was a German screenwriter, novelist, film director, and actress. She is especially known as the screenwriter of the science fiction film classic "Metropolis" and the story on which it was based. Harbou collaborated as a screenwriter with film director Fritz Lang, her husband, during the period of transition from silent to sound films., Alfred Peter Abel (12 March 1879  12 December 1937) was a German film actor, director, and producer. He appeared in more than 140 silent and sound films between 1913 and 1938. His best-known performance was as Joh Fredersen in Fritz Lang's 1927 film, "Metropolis"., The Maschinenmensch (German for "machine-human") is a fictional character in Fritz Lang's film "Metropolis", played by German actress Brigitte Helm in both its robot form and human incarnation. She is a gynoid (female robot or android) created by the scientist Rotwang. Named Maria in the film, and "Futura" in Thea von Harbou's original novel "Metropolis", she was one of the first robots ever depicted in cinema., An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance., Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang (December 5, 1890  August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor. One of the best-known "émigrés" from Germany's school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the "Master of Darkness" by the British Film Institute., Friedrich Rudolf Klein-Rogge (24 November 1885  29 May 1955) was a German film actor. Klein-Rogge is known for playing sinister figures in films in the 1920s and 1930s as well as being a main-stay in director Fritz Lang's Weimar-era films. He is probably best known in popular culture, particularly to English-speaking audiences, for playing the archetypal mad scientist role of C.A. Rotwang in Lang's "Metropolis" and as the criminal genius Doctor Mabuse., Brigitte Helm (17 March 1906  11 June 1996) was a German actress, best remembered for her dual role as Maria and her double, the Maschinenmensch, in Fritz Lang's 1927 silent film "Metropolis"., Science fiction film (or sci-fi) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies. Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held., A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936. In silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, synchronized dialogue was only made practical in the late 1920s with the perfection of the Audion amplifier tube and the introduction of the Vitaphone system. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, even a small orchestra would often play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise; an orchestra would play from sheet music., A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed before sound motion pictures were made commercially practical. Reliable synchronization was difficult to achieve with the early sound-on-disc systems, and amplification and recording quality were also inadequate. Innovations in sound-on-film led to the first commercial screening of short motion pictures using the technology, which took place in 1923., The British Film Institute (BFI) is a film and charitable organisation which promotes and preserves filmmaking and television in the United Kingdom., Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf., Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist epic science - fiction drama film directed by Fritz Lang . Lang and his wife , Thea von Harbou , wrote the silent film , which starred Brigitte Helm , Gustav Fröhlich , Alfred Abel and Rudolf Klein - Rogge . Erich Pommer produced it in the Babelsberg Studios for Universum Film A.G. . It is regarded as a pioneering work of the science - fiction genre in movies , being among the first feature - length movies of the genre . Made in Germany during the Weimar Period , Metropolis is set in a futuristic urban dystopia and follows the attempts of Freder , the wealthy son of the city 's ruler , and Maria , a poor worker , to overcome the vast gulf separating the classes of their city . Filming took place in 1925 at a cost of approximately five million Reichsmarks , making it the most expensive film ever released up to that point . The motion picture 's futuristic style shows the influence of the work of the Futurist Italian architect Antonio Sant'Elia . The film met with a mixed response upon its initial release , with many critics praising its technical achievements and social metaphors while others derided its `` simplistic and naïve '' presentation . Because of its long running - time and the inclusion of footage which censors found questionable , Metropolis was cut substantially after its German premiere , and large portions of the film went missing over the subsequent decades . Numerous attempts have been made to restore the film since the 1970s . Music producer Giorgio Moroder released a version with a soundtrack by rock artists such as Freddie Mercury , Loverboy and Adam Ant in 1984 . A new reconstruction of Metropolis was shown at the Berlin Film Festival in 2001 , and the film was inscribed on UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register in the same year , the first film thus distinguished . In 2008 a damaged print of Lang 's original cut of the film was found in a museum in Argentina . After a long restoration process , the film was 95 % restored and shown on large screens in Berlin and Frankfurt simultaneously on 12 February 2010 ., Erich Pommer (20 July 1889  8 May 1966) was a German-born film producer and executive. Pommer was perhaps the most powerful person in the German and European Film Industries in the 1920s and 1930s. , A screenplay writer, screenwriter for short, scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based., Mad scientist (also mad doctor or mad professor) is a caricature of a scientist who is described as "mad" or "insane" owing to a combination of unusual or unsettling personality traits and the unabashedly ambitious, taboo and/or hubristic nature of their experiments. As a motif in fiction, the mad scientist may be villainous (evil genius) or antagonistic, benign or neutral; may be insane, eccentric, or clumsy; and often works with fictional technology or fails to recognize or value common human objections to attempting to play God. Some may have benevolent or good-spirited intentions, even if their actions are dangerous or questionable, which can make them accidental villains., A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film., Gustav Fröhlich (21 March 1902  22 December 1987) was a German actor and film director. He landed secondary roles in a number of films and plays before landing his breakthrough role of Freder Fredersen in Fritz Lang's 1927 film "Metropolis". He remained a popular film star in Germany until the 1950s., Subject: metropolis , Relation: main_subject, Options: (A) actor (B) android (C) design (D) english (E) europe (F) film (G) filmmaking (H) july (I) law (J) mad scientist (K) music (L) organist (M) robot (N) science (O) technology (P) television (Q) travel (R) united kingdom (S) writer (T) writing
Output (English): mad scientist