Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Gneiss is a common distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. It is often foliated (composed of layers of sheet-like planar structures). The foliations are characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands, called "gneissic banding"., In geology, a pluton is a body of intrusive igneous rock (called a plutonic rock) that is crystallized from magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Plutons include batholiths, stocks, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, and other igneous bodies. In practice, "pluton" usually refers to a distinctive mass of igneous rock, typically several kilometers in dimension, without a tabular shape like those of dikes and sills. Batholiths commonly are aggregations of plutons. Examples of plutons include Denali, Cuillin, Cardinal Peak, Mount Kinabalu and Stone Mountain., Clovis is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The 2014 population was estimated to be 102,189. Clovis is located northeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m)., Fresno Dome is a dominant granite dome rising in isolation above the forest of Soquel Meadow in the Sierra National Forest in Madera County , California . The dome as known to the Mono Indians as `` the greeting place '' ( `` wah - me - yelo '' ) . John Muir encountered Fresno Dome , calling it `` Wamello '' , in the 1870s , and used its summit to locate Fresno Grove ( now known as Nelder Grove ) . It is accessible by a trailhead which is a three - mile drive from the Sierra Vista Scenic Byway ( part of the National Scenic Byway system ) . The nearest town is Bass Lake , California , 9.1 miles ( 14.6 km ) to the south . At its base , sits the Fresno Dome campground , a backwoods campground accessible only by jeep trails . The campground is a favorite spot for deer hunters and is largely empty other than during deer season . The dome offers several technical free climbs rated class 5 or better. , with `` South Pillar '' rated at 5.7 ., A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China and Taiwan. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function., Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in color, depending on their mineralogy. The word "granite" comes from the Latin "granum", a grain, in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a holocrystalline rock. By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 20% quartz and up to 65% alkali feldspar by volume., Sierra National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located on the western slope of central Sierra Nevada in the state of California. The forest is known for its mountain scenery and natural resources. Forest headquarters are located in Clovis, California. There are local ranger district offices in North Fork and Prather., Madera County, officially the County of Madera, is a county at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 150,865. The county seat is Madera., Exfoliation joints or sheet joints are surface-parallel fracture systems in rock often leading to erosion of concentric slabs., California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County., Granite domes are domical hills composed of granite with bare rock exposed over most of the surface. Generally, domical features such as these are known as bornhardts. Bornhardts can form in any type of plutonic rock but are typically composed of granite and granitic gneiss. As granitic plutons cool kilometers below the earths surface minerals in the rock crystallize under uniform confining pressure. Erosion brings the rock closer to earths surface and the pressure from above the rock decreases; as a result the rock fractures. These fractures are known as exfoliation joints, or sheet fractures, and form in onionlike patterns that are parallel to the land surface. These sheets of rock peel off the exposed surface and in certain conditions develop domical structures. Additional theories on the origin of granite domes involve scarp-retreat and tectonic uplift., A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody)., A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice., In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it away to another location. The particulate breakdown of rock or soil into clastic sediment is referred to as "physical" or "mechanical" erosion; this contrasts with "chemical" erosion, where soil or rock material is removed from an area by its dissolving into a solvent (typically water), followed by the flow away of that solution. Eroded sediment or solutes may be transported just a few millimetres, or for thousands of kilometres., Subject: fresno dome, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) action (B) alkali (C) area (D) border (E) census (F) city (G) coast (H) color (I) country (J) county (K) definition (L) federal government (M) federal republic (N) forest (O) geology (P) government (Q) grade (R) headquarters (S) information (T) jurisdiction (U) location (V) los angeles (W) material (X) may (Y) mountain (Z) national forest ([) parish (\) population (]) quartz (^) reference (_) rock (`) science (a) seat (b) shape (c) sharing (d) sierra (e) soil (f) solution (g) solvent (h) state (i) structure (j) surface (k) tectonic uplift (l) territory (m) union (n) volume (o) water (p) wind
Output (English): mountain