Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: High-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR or HDR rendering), also known as high-dynamic-range lighting, is the rendering of computer graphics scenes by using lighting calculations done in high dynamic range (HDR). This allows preservation of details that may be lost due to limiting contrast ratios. Video games and computer-generated movies and special effects benefit from this as it creates more realistic scenes than with the more simplistic lighting models used., Digital distribution (also called content delivery, online distribution, or electronic software distribution (ESD), among others) is the delivery or distribution of media content such as audio, video, software and video games. The term is generally used to describe distribution over an online delivery medium, such as the Internet, thus bypassing physical distribution methods, such as paper, compact discs, and VHS videocassettes. The term online distribution is typically applied to freestanding products; downloadable add-ons for other products are more commonly known as downloadable content. With the advancement of network bandwidth capabilities, online distribution became prominent in the 21st century., High dynamic range (HDR) is a dynamic range higher than what is considered to be standard dynamic range. The term is often used in discussing displays, photography, 3D rendering, and sound recording including digital imaging and digital audio production. The term may apply to an analog or digitized signal, or to the means of recording, processing, and reproducing such signals., Half-Life 2 (stylized as HLF-LIFE) is a first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. The sequel to 1998's "Half-Life", it was released in November 2004, following a five-year, $40 million development phase, during which a substantial part of the project was leaked and distributed on the Internet. The game was developed alongside Valve's Steam software and the Source engine., Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies., Half - Life 2 : Lost Coast is an additional level for the 2004 first - person shooter video game Half - Life 2 . Developed by Valve Corporation , it was released on October 27 , 2005 , through the Steam content delivery service as a free download to owners of the Microsoft Windows version of Half - Life 2 . Lost Coast serves as a technology demonstration , specifically showcasing the high - dynamic - range rendering implemented in the Source engine . The level was designed with a variety of appropriate environments to emphasize these effects . In addition , Lost Coast was the first video game developed by Valve to allow developers to explain various elements of design as the player progresses through the level . Lost Coast follows Half - Life protagonist Gordon Freeman as he travels up a coastal cliff to destroy a Combine artillery launcher in a monastery , which is firing on a nearby town . The Lost Coast level was originally created for Half - Life 2 , but was ultimately removed from the game . As a result , it has several minor story details that were not included in Half - Life 2 . The level received a generally positive reception , and there was consensus among reviewers that the new features included in Lost Coast should be integrated into future games released by Valve ., Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically associated with IBM PC compatible architecture. Active Windows families include Windows NT, Windows Embedded and Windows Phone; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x; Windows 10 Mobile is an active product, unrelated to the defunct family Windows Mobile., IBM PC compatible computers are those similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to run the same software and support the same expansion cards as those. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones. They duplicate almost exactly all the significant features of the PC architecture, facilitated by IBM's choice of commodity hardware components and various manufacturers' ability to reverse engineer the BIOS firmware using a "clean room design" technique. Columbia Data Products built the first clone of the IBM personal computer by a clean room implementation of its BIOS., Left 4 Dead is a cooperative first-person shooter video game with survival horror elements, developed by Valve South and published by Valve Corporation. The game uses Valve's proprietary Source engine, and is available for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and OS X. Development on the game was completed on November 13, 2008, and two versions were released digitally: A downloadable digital version, released on November 17, 2008, and a digital retail disc version, with a release date determined by region. The digital retail disc version was released in North America and Australia on November 18, 2008; and in Europe on November 21, 2008., Valve Corporation (commonly referred to as Valve) is an American video game developer and digital distribution company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. The company is known for the "Half-Life", "Counter-Strike", "Portal", "Day of Defeat", "Team Fortress", and "Left 4 Dead" series, "Dota 2", and its software distribution platform Steam., Subject: half-life 2: lost coast, Relation: distribution, Options: (A) digital (B) digital distribution (C) internet (D) personal computer (E) steam
Output (English): digital distribution