Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Brierfield Plantation was a cotton plantation located in Davis Bend , Mississippi , south of Vicksburg and the home of Confederate president Jefferson Davis . The more than 1,000 acre plantation was given to Davis by his much older brother , Joseph E. Davis ( 1784 - 1870 ) , and had previously been a part of Joseph Davis 's much larger Hurricane plantation which it adjoined on a bend of the Mississippi River twenty miles from Vicksburg . With financial assistance and slaves given by his brother , Jefferson Davis became a successful planter on the acreage following his brief first marriage to Sarah Knox Taylor ( who died of malaria a few months after their wedding ) ; after his second marriage to Varina Banks Howell in 1845 , Davis erected a large comfortable frame house on the property that was home to himself , his wife , their children , as well as Davis 's widowed sister and other relatives . Brierfield had very profitable years as well as years of disastrous flooding , but generally provided a very comfortable living to subsidize his relatively modest earnings from public office . Davis left the plantation for large periods of time including during his term in the House of Representatives , his service in the Mexican -- American War , his terms in the Senate , and his four years as Secretary of War in the Franklin Pierce Administration . He considered Brierfield his primary residence and it was the home to which he returned when not in office and to which he returned upon his resignation from the United States Senate following the Secession of Mississippi in 1861 . His return to Brierfield was very brief as he was soon notified , while tending the flower gardens of the house with his wife he would recall , that he had been chosen as president of the newly formed Confederate States of America and was summoned to Montgomery , Alabama , the Confederacy 's first capitol . Davis did not visit Brierfield during his tenure as Confederate president . The plantation , along with Hurricane , began to be pilfered by Union troops and deserters soon after the fall of New Orleans in 1862 , with many of the more than 200 slaves who lived on the plantation in 1860 fleeing from the advancing armies . Much of the family 's personal property was crated and shipped from the house for safekeeping , though most was left behind and looted when Union forces officially seized and occupied the property during the undefended Vicksburg campaign . Unlike the far larger and finer plantation house of Joseph Davis at the adjoining Hurricane Plantation , which was burned to the ground , the house at Brierfield was spared the torch and used as , consecutively , field headquarters , a hospital , and a supply house for Union troops during the Mississippi campaigns . A photograph of the occupied house bearing the banner `` The House Jeff Built '' was widely circulated in newspapers . When Jefferson Davis and his family visited the property after his release from prison in 1867 they found the fields neglected and the house unlivable . Joseph Davis , who had never given Jefferson Davis title to the property , negotiated its sale after the war on a mortgage to members of the Montgomery family , former Davis family slaves , bequeathing the income from the mortgage , but not the real estate , to Jefferson in his will . The Montgomery family defaulted on the mortgage after Joseph Davis 's death and the property reverted to his estate . The heirs to Joseph Davis 's Hurricane plantation ( his grandchildren by an acknowledged illegitimate daughter ) claimed ownership of the reverted Brierfield as well , a claim disputed by Jefferson Davis , resulting in a lengthy lawsuit that was ultimately decided in Jefferson Davis 's favor in 1881 , giving him undisputed title to the Brierfield property for the first time more than forty years after he first settled the plantation . Though his primary residence in the final decade of his life was at Beauvoir ( the house and farm he had inherited near Biloxi ) , Jefferson Davis spent much of the remaining years of his life attempting to make Brierfield profitable again , though fluctuating cotton prices and floods and the price of free versus enslaved labor combined to deprive him of the fortunes the land had once provided . He was in residence at Brierfield in autumn of 1889 seeing to harvest when a lingering cold developed into pneumonia and he had to be physically carried onto a riverboat bound for New Orleans to receive medical attention ; he died a few weeks later . After Jefferson Davis 's death , his widow and surviving children left Mississippi and none of his descendants ever resided at Brierfield again . The house was destroyed by fire in 1931 . A drainage canal converted what had been a peninsula into the Mississippi River into an island . Some of the family 's belongings that were taken from the house by troops were returned to the Davis family over the following decades and may now be found at various museums associated with the Davis family and the Civil War ., Fort Crawford was an outpost of the United States Army located in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, during the 19th Century. The Second Fort Crawford Military Hospital was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1960., Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the "Plasmodium" type. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.
The disease is most commonly transmitted by an infected female "Anopheles" mosquito. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of "Plasmodium" can infect and be spread by humans. Most deaths are caused by "P. falciparum" because "P. vivax", "P. ovale", and "P. malariae" generally cause a milder form of malaria. The species "P. knowlesi" rarely causes disease in humans. Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests. Methods that use the polymerase chain reaction to detect the parasite's DNA have been developed, but are not widely used in areas where malaria is common due to their cost and complexity.
The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites through the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents, or with mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standing water. Several medications are available to prevent malaria in travellers to areas where the disease is common. Occasional doses of the combination medication sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine are recommended in infants and after the first trimester of pregnancy in areas with high rates of malaria. Despite a need, no effective vaccine exists, although efforts to develop one are ongoing. The recommended treatment for malaria is a combination of antimalarial medications that includes an artemisinin. The second medication may be either mefloquine, lumefantrine, or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. Quinine along with doxycycline may be used if an artemisinin is not available. It is recommended that in areas where the disease is common, malaria is confirmed if possible before treatment is started due to concerns of increasing drug resistance. Resistance among the parasites has developed to several antimalarial medications; for example, chloroquine-resistant "P. falciparum" has spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to artemisinin has become a problem in some parts of Southeast Asia.
The disease is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions that exist in a broad band around the equator. This includes much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria worldwide resulting in an estimated 438,000 deaths, 90% of which occurred in Africa. Rates of disease have decreased from 2000 to 2015 by 37%, but increased from 2014 during which there were 198 million cases. Malaria is commonly associated with poverty and has a major negative effect on economic development. In Africa, it is estimated to result in losses of US$12 billion a year due to increased healthcare costs, lost ability to work, and negative effects on tourism., Mississippi is a state in the southern region of the United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico. Its western border is formed by the Mississippi River., Sarah Knox "Knoxie" Taylor Davis (March 6, 1814  September 15, 1835) was the daughter of Zachary Taylor, who was a career military officer during her life and later became President of the United States. She met Jefferson Davis when living with her father and family at Fort Crawford during the Black Hawk War. They married in 1835 and she died three months later of malaria., The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the "Third Coast" in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts, or sometimes the "south coast", in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the "north coast." One of the gulf's seven main areas is the Gulf of Mexico basin., Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784  July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850. Before his presidency, Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general., The Black Hawk War was a brief 1832 conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the "British Band", crossed the Mississippi River, into the US state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832. Black Hawk's motives were ambiguous, but he was apparently hoping to avoid bloodshed while resettling on tribal land that had been ceded to the United States in the disputed 1804 Treaty of St. Louis., The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history., The President of the United States (POTUS) is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces., The President of the Confederate States of America was the elected head of state and government of the Confederate States. The president also headed the executive branch of government and was commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, and of the militia of the several states when called into Confederate service., The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana., Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808  December 6, 1889) was an American politician who was a U.S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi, the 23rd U.S. Secretary of War, and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and at home, the collapsing Confederate economy forced his government to print more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses, leading to runaway inflation and devaluation of the Confederate dollar., Subject: brierfield plantation, Relation: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity, Options: (A) africa (B) alabama (C) basin (D) borne (E) canada (F) cuba (G) davis (H) fort (I) gulf (J) gulf of mexico (K) illinois (L) indian (M) iowa (N) jefferson (O) kentucky (P) knox (Q) louisiana (R) mississippi (S) most (T) of (U) river (V) south (W) southern region (X) southwest (Y) taylor (Z) tennessee ([) texas (\) union
Output (English): louisiana