Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel written by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel "The Hobbit", but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, "The Lord of the Rings" is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold., Smaug ( / sma / ) is a fictional dragon and the primary antagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien 's 1937 novel The Hobbit . He is a powerful , intelligent , malevolent and fearsome dragon who invaded the Dwarf kingdom of Erebor 150 years prior to the events described in the novel . A group of 13 Dwarves mounted a quest to take the kingdom back , aided by the wizard Gandalf and the Hobbit Bilbo Baggins . Smaug is described as `` a most specially greedy , strong and wicked worm '' . Smaug appears in the Hobbit film adaption as one of the main antagonists ., The Return of the King is the third and final volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings", following "The Fellowship of the Ring" and "The Two Towers". The story begins in the kingdom of Gondor, which is soon to be attacked by the Dark Lord Sauron., Halfling is another name for J. R. R. Tolkien's Hobbit, a fictional race found in some fantasy novels and games. They are often depicted as similar to humans except about half as tall. "Dungeons & Dragons" began using the name "halfling" as an alternative to "hobbit" for legal reasons., The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published on 21 September 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the "New York Herald Tribune" for best juvenile fiction. The book remains popular and is recognized as a classic in children's literature., The New York Herald Tribune was a leading daily newspaper of its era in New York City. It was created in 1924 when the "New York Tribune" acquired the "New York Herald". It was viewed for most of its existence as the chief rival of "The New York Times", and was widely regarded as a "newspaperman's newspaper" for both the breadth of its coverage and the quality of its writing. The paper won several Pulitzer Prizes during its lifetime., A protagonist is the main character in any story, such as a literary work or drama., A pen name ("nom de plume", or "literary double") is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of his or her works in place of their "real" name. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her previous works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge., A supporting character is a character in a narrative that is not focused on by the primary storyline, but appears or is mentioned in the story enough to be more than just a minor character or a cameo appearance. Sometimes, supporting characters may develop a complex back-story of their own, but this is usually in relation to the main character, rather than entirely independently. In television, supporting characters may appear in more than half of the episodes per season, The Red Book of Westmarch (sometimes Red Book of the Periannath, and The Downfall of the Lord of the Rings, also known as the Thain's Book after its principal version) is a fictional manuscript written by hobbits, a conceit of author J. R. R. Tolkien to explain the source of his fantasy writings., In literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century., Hobbits are a fictional, diminutive, humanoid race who inhabit the lands of Middle-earth in J. R. R. Tolkiens fiction. They are also referred to as Halflings., John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, (3 January 1892  2 September 1973), known by his pen name J. R. R. Tolkien, was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings", and "The Silmarillion"., Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children. Modern children's literature is classified in two different ways: genre or the intended age of the reader., Gandalf is a fictional character and one of the protagonists in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings". He is a wizard, member of the "Istari" order, as well as leader of the Fellowship of the Ring and the army of the West. In "The Lord of the Rings", he is initially known as Gandalf the Grey, but returns from death as Gandalf the White., A humanoid (from English "human" and "-oid" "resembling") is something that has an appearance resembling a human being. The earliest recorded use of the term, in 1870, referred to indigenous peoples in areas colonized by Europeans. By the 20th century, the term came to describe fossils which were morphologically similar, but not identical, to those of the human skeleton. Although this usage was common in the sciences for much of the 20th century, it is now considered rare. More generally, the term can refer to anything with uniquely human characteristics and/or adaptations, such as possessing opposable anterior forelimb-appendages (thumbs), visible spectrum-binocular vision (having two eyes), or biomechanic digitigrade-bipedalism (the ability to walk on heels in an upright position)., Bilbo Baggins is the title character and protagonist of J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel "The Hobbit", as well as a supporting character in "The Lord of the Rings". In Tolkien's narrative conceit, in which all the writings of Middle-earth are translations from the fictitious volume of "The Red Book of Westmarch", Bilbo is the author of "The Hobbit" and translator of various "works from the elvish" (as mentioned in the end of "The Return of the King")., Middle-earth is the setting of much of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
The term is equivalent to the term "Midgard" of Norse mythology, describing the human-inhabited world, i.e. the central continent of the Earth in Tolkien's imagined mythological past.
Tolkien's most widely read works, "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", take place entirely in Middle-earth, and "Middle-earth" has also become a short-hand to refer to the legendarium or its "fictional universe"., Subject: smaug, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) 1937 (B) book (C) century (D) character (E) city (F) combine (G) comparison (H) daily newspaper (I) diminutive (J) dragons (K) drama (L) epic (M) episodes (N) fantasy novel (O) fellowship (P) fictional character (Q) fictional universe (R) final (S) gender (T) genre (U) herald (V) hobbit (W) human skeleton (X) humanoid (Y) humans (Z) idiom ([) january (\) king (]) legendarium (^) literary work (_) literature (`) manuscript (a) may (b) member (c) metaphor (d) name (e) narrative (f) object (g) paper (h) pen (i) plume (j) position (k) principal (l) protagonist (m) pseudonym (n) quality (o) race (p) ring (q) season (r) september (s) sequel (t) skeleton (u) television (v) term (w) title (x) two (y) university
Output (English): dragons