Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: The studio system (which was used during a period known as the Golden Age of Hollywood) is a method of film production and distribution dominated by a small number of "major" studios in Hollywood. Although the term is still used today as a reference to the systems and output of the major studios, historically the term refers to the practice of large motion picture studios between the 1920s and 1960s of (a) producing movies primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract, and (b) dominating exhibition through vertical integration, i.e., the ownership or effective control of distributors and exhibition, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques such as block booking., A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market. In the North American, Western, and global markets, the major film studios, often simply known as the majors, are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue. The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate., Moonstruck is a 1987 American romantic comedy film directed by Norman Jewison and written by John Patrick Shanley. It is about a widowed 37-year-old Italian-American woman (Cher) who falls in love with her fiancé's (Danny Aiello) estranged, hot-tempered younger brother (Nicolas Cage). Vincent Gardenia and Olympia Dukakis play supporting roles., The Strange Love of Martha Ivers is a film noir released in the United States in 1946, starring Barbara Stanwyck, Van Heflin, Lizabeth Scott and featuring Kirk Douglas in his film debut. The movie is based on the short story "Love Lies Bleeding" by playwright John Patrick  using the pseudonym Jack Patrick  and was produced by Hal B. Wallis. The film was directed by Lewis Milestone from a screenplay written by Robert Rossen and Robert Riskin, who was not credited. , Brian Russell De Palma (born September 11, 1940) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is considered part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking., Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical black-and-white sports drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's memoir "". It stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, an Italian American middleweight boxer whose self-destructive and obsessive rage, sexual jealousy, and animalistic appetite destroyed his relationship with his wife and family. Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, LaMotta's well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons, and Cathy Moriarty as his wife. The film features supporting roles from Nicholas Colasanto, Theresa Saldana and Frank Vincent., A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the latter term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the music industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies. Pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers  songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have outside publishers., A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film., Joseph Frank "Joe" Pesci (; born February 9, 1943) is an Italian American actor, singer and musician, known for playing tough, volatile characters, in a variety of genres. He is best known for a trio of Martin Scorsese films in which he co-starred with Robert De Niro: "Raging Bull" (1980), "Goodfellas" (1990), and "Casino" (1995)., Gerrit Graham (born November 27, 1949) is an American actor, scriptwriter and songwriter. , The Commish is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on ABC in the United States from 1991 to 1996. The series focuses on the work and home life of a suburban police commissioner in upstate New York., Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916) is an American actor, producer, director, and author. He is one of the last living people of the industry's Golden Age. After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters, he had his film debut in "The Strange Love of Martha Ivers" (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war movies. During a 64-year acting career, he has appeared in more than 90 movies., Vincent Gardenia (born Vincenzo Scognamiglio; January 7, 1920  December 9, 1992) was an Italian-American stage, film, and television actor. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for "Bang the Drum Slowly" (1973) and again for "Moonstruck" (1987). He also portrayed Det. Frank Ochoa in "Death Wish" (1974) and its 1982 sequel, as well as Mr. Mushnik in the musical film adaptation of "Little Shop of Horrors" (1986)., Home Movies is a 1980 independent film directed by Brian De Palma and starring Kirk Douglas , Nancy Allen , Vincent Gardenia , Keith Gordon , Theresa Saldana , and Gerrit Graham . De Palma had been teaching film at his alma mater Sarah Lawrence College , and conceived this project as a hands - on training exercise for his students . They were given the primary responsibilities of raising money , arranging the shooting schedule , and editing the film , all under De Palma 's supervision . Many of these students , such as Gilbert Adler , Sam Irvin , and Charlie Loventhal , went on to long careers of their own , producing and directing films . Kirk Douglas plays a film instructor loosely modeled on the director himself . Keith Gordon is one of his pupils who films everything that happens at home . Many of the events that happen to Gordon 's character were modeled on events from De Palma 's own adolescence , particularly rivalry with a more favored brother , a mother prone to dramatic outbursts , and a philandering father ., Theresa Saldana (August 20, 1954  June 6, 2016) was an American actress and author. She is known for her role as Rachel Scali, the wife of Police Commissioner Tony Scali, in the 1990s television series "The Commish", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role, in 1994. Major film roles include the part of 'Lenore La Motta', the wife of Joe Pesci's character, in the 1980 feature film "Raging Bull" and Robert Zemeckis's Beatlemania ensemble "I Wanna Hold Your Hand". She was also known for raising public awareness of the crime of stalking, after surviving a murder attempt by an obsessed fan in 1982., "Beatlemania" is a term that originated and was coined during the early 1960s to describe the intense fan frenzy directed towards the English rock band the Beatles. The phenomenon began in 1963 and continued past the group's break-up in 1970, despite the band ceasing public performances in 1966., An independent film or indie film is a feature film that is produced outside of the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies., Barbara Stanwyck (born Ruby Catherine Stevens; July 16, 1907  January 20, 1990) was an American actress. She was a film and television star, known during her 60-year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong, realistic screen presence, and a favorite of directors including Cecil B. DeMille, Fritz Lang, and Frank Capra. After a short but notable career as a stage actress in the late 1920s, she made 85 films in 38 years in Hollywood, before turning to television., Keith Gordon (born February 3, 1961) is an American actor and film director., An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance., New Hollywood, sometimes referred to as the "American New Wave", refers to a period in American film history from the mid-to-late 1960s ("Bonnie and Clyde", "The Graduate") to the early 1980s ("Heaven's Gate", "One from the Heart") when a new generation of young filmmakers came to prominence in United States, influencing the types of films produced, their production and marketing, and the way major studios approached film-making. In New Hollywood films, the film director, rather than the studio, took on a key authorial role. "New Hollywood" usually refers to a period of film-making rather than a style of film-making, though it can be referred to as a movement. The films made in this era are stylistically characterized in that their narrative often strongly deviated from classical norms., Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an American filmmaker and screenwriter frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects. He first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of "Romancing the Stone" (1984) and the science-fiction comedy "Back to the Future" film trilogy, as well as the live-action/animated comedy "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" (1988). In the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare, including 1994's "Forrest Gump", for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. The films he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres, for both adults and families., Subject: home movies , Relation: genre, Options: (A) classical music (B) comedy (C) country music (D) crime (E) design (F) drama (G) dramatic (H) entertainment (I) fiction (J) film adaptation (K) film noir (L) genre (M) independent film (N) love (O) music (P) new wave (Q) performance art (R) play (S) radio (T) reference (U) rock (V) romantic (W) romantic comedy (X) science (Y) sequel (Z) share ([) short story (\) television (]) variety (^) various (_) war (`) western
Output (English): comedy