Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Tin is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion. During the Shang Dynasty (1711th centuries BCE), the Chinese referred to their supreme god as "Shàngdì" ("Lord on High") or "Dì" ("Lord"). During the following Zhou Dynasty, "Tin" became synonymous with this figure. Heaven worship was, before the 20th century, an orthodox state religion of China., Kyrgyzstan (; "Kyrgyzstan"), officially the Kyrgyz Republic ("Krgz Respublikas"; "Kyrgyzskaya Respublika"), formerly known as Kirghizia, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and southwest, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek., The Muksu River is a west-flowing river in north-central Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan. It is a tributary of the Vakhsh River which in turn is a tributary of the Amu Darya. The north side of its valley is the Trans-Alay Range and the south side is formed by the high mountains near the Fedchenko Glacier. It begins at Altyn Mazar at the juncture of the west-flowing Sauksai and the northwest-flowing Seldara rivers. It joins the Kyzyl-Suu (which drains the Alay valley) to form the Surkhob or Vakhsh River. At Altyn Mazar there is a pass leading north to Daroot-Korgan in the Alay Valley., Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world., The Amu Darya ('; /; //;  '), also called the Amu River and historically known by its Latin name, , is a major river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, at Qal`eh-ye Panjeh in Afghanistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. In ancient times, the river was regarded as the boundary between Greater Iran and Turan., Tajikistan (, or ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ("Çumhuriji Toçikiston"), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan., China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower., Tengri (Modern Turkish: ; Proto-Turkic *"teri / *tar"; Mongolian script: , "Tngri"; Modern Mongolian: , "Tenger"), is one of the names for the sky deity since the early Turkic, Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples., Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman., Osh is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country and often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated to be more than 3000 years old), and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of about 255,800 in 2012, comprising Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Russians, Tajiks, and other smaller ethnic groups., The Alay Valley is a broad, dry valley running east-west across most of southern Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan. (From the Russian spelling, pronunciation should probably be 'alai' rather than 'alay'). It is about 180 km east-west and about 40 km north-south and 2500-3500m in altitude. The north side is the Alay Mountains which slope down to the Ferghana Valley. The south side is the Trans-Alay Range along the Tajikistan border, with Lenin Peak, (7134m). The western 40 km or so is more hills than valley. On the east there is the low Tongmurun pass and then more valley leading to the Irkestam border crossing to China., Bishkek (and ] respectively), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek is also the administrative center of the Chuy Region. The province surrounds the city, although the city itself is not part of the province, but rather a province-level unit of Kyrgyzstan., The Wakhan Corridor (alternatively Vakhan Corridor, or Wakhan) is the narrow strip of territory in northeastern Afghanistan that extends to China and separates Tajikistan from Pakistan. The corridor, wedged between the Pamirs to the north and the Karakoram range to the south, is about long and wide., Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia. It is a unitary, constitutional, presidential republic, comprising twelve provinces, one autonomous republic and a capital city. Uzbekistan is bordered by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest., Lenin Peak ("Lenin Çoqusu",   "Pik Lenina" renamed     (qullai Abûalî ibni Sino) in July 2006), or Ibn Sina (Avicenna) Peak, rises to 7,134 metres (23,406 ft) in Gorno-Badakhshan (GBAO) on the border of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and is the second-highest point of both countries. It is considered one of the easiest 7000 m peaks in the world to climb and it has by far the most ascents of any 7000 m or higher peak on Earth, with every year seeing hundreds of climbers make their way to the summit. Lenin Peak is the highest mountain in the Trans-Alay Range of Central Asia, and in the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan it is exceeded only by Ismoil Somoni Peak (7,495 m). It was thought to be the highest point in the Pamirs in Tajikistan until 1933, when Ismoil Somoni Peak (known as "Stalin Peak" at the time) was climbed and found to be more than 300 metres higher. Two mountains in the Pamirs in China, Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and Muztagh Ata (7,546 m), are higher than the Tajik summits., Ismoil Somoni Peak (Tajik:   , "Qullai Ismoili Somonî/Qullaji Ismojili Somon" Russian:    "pik Ismaila Samani") is the highest mountain in Tajikistan and in the former Russian Empire and later in the Soviet Union, named after Ismail Samani, the greatest ruler of the Samanid dynasty., The Fedchenko Glacier (Russian ) is a large glacier in the Yazgulem Range, Pamir Mountains, of north-central Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan. The glacier is long and narrow, currently extending for and covering over . It is the longest glacier in the world outside of the polar regions. The maximum thickness of the glacier is , and the volume of the Fedchenko and its dozens of tributaries is estimated at about a third the volume of Lake Erie., The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part of Eastern Europe Ural mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia), the region also known as Eurasian sub-continent. Kazakh identity is of medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when several tribes under the rule of the sultans Zhanibek and Kerey departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan., Muztagh Ata, or Muztagata (Uyghur:   ,  , literally "ice-mountain-father"), is the second highest (7509 metres) of the mountains which form the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (not the second highest of the mountains of the Tibetan Plateau). It is sometimes regarded as being part of the Kunlun Shan, although physically it is more closely connected to the Pamirs. It is also one of the relatively easier 7,000 m peaks in the world to climb, due to its gentle western slope and the comparatively drier weather of Xinjiang, though a thorough acclimatization period and a very strong physical condition are crucial for success., The Alay or Alai Mountains constitute a mountain range that extends from the Tien Shan mountain range in Kyrgyzstan west into Tajikistan. It is part of the Pamir-Alai mountain system. The range runs approximately east to west. Its highest summit is Pik Tandykul, 5544 m. The southern slopes of the range drain into the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amu Darya. The streams that drain the northern slopes of the range are tributaries of the Syr Darya, and empty into the Fergana Valley to the north of the range., Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent., Jengish Chokusu ("Ceñi çoqusu",    "Pik Pobedy" ) is the highest mountain in the Tian Shan mountain system at . It lies on the KyrgyzstanChina border, in the Kakshaal Too, the highest part of the Tien Shan, southeast of lake Issyk Kul., Xiao'erjing or Xiao'erjin or Xiaor jin or in its shortened form, Xiaojing, literally meaning "children's script" or "minor script" (cf. "original script" referring to the original Perso-Arabic script, , Xiao'erjing: ; /Benjin), is the practice of writing Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) or the Dungan language in the Perso-Arabic Script. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to the Islamic faith in China (mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang, and the Salar), and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Soviet writing reforms forced the Dungan to replace Xiao'erjing with a Roman alphabet and later a Cyrillic alphabet, which they continue to use up until today., A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges., The Pamir Mountains, or the Pamirs, are a mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush and Hindu Raj ranges. They are among the worlds highest mountains., Kongur Tagh or Kongkoerh (Uyghur: , " " "Hongor Tag") (also referred to as Kongur) is at 7,649 m the highest mountain wholly within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. , The Vakhsh (River), also known as the Surkhob (), in north-central Tajikistan, and the Kyzyl-Suu, in Kyrgyzstan, is a Central Asian river, and one of the main rivers of the nation of Tajikistan. It is a tributary of the Amu Darya river., The Tian Shan (Xiao'erjing:  "Tjansan"; Old Turkic:  , "Tenri ta"; Turkish: "Tanr Da" "Tenger úl"  , "Tengri tagh" "Teñir-Too/Ala-Too", -/- "Täñirtaw/Alataw",  "-", -), meaning the Mountain of Heaven or the Heavenly Mountain, is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia. The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Jengish Chokusu, ., Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources., The Trans - Alay Range ( also Trans Alai ) is the northern most range of the Pamir Mountains , where the Pamirs and the Tian Shan come together . They form the border between Osh Province , Kyrgyzstan and Gorno - Badakshan province , Tajikistan . To the north is the Alay Valley and to the south , the Muksu River . The highest peak in the range is Lenin Peak ., Subject: trans-alay range, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) 1 (B) ala (C) area (D) autonomous republic (E) border (F) capital (G) chinese (H) city (I) concept (J) continent (K) country (L) day (M) dynasty (N) empire (O) english name (P) faith (Q) five (R) four (S) gas (T) glacier (U) great power (V) gulf (W) identity (X) islamic republic (Y) july (Z) jurisdiction ([) key (\) khanate (]) landform (^) landlocked country (_) mineral (`) mountain (a) mountain range (b) name (c) nation (d) oil (e) part (f) party (g) people (h) period (i) plateau (j) point (k) population (l) practice (m) province (n) range (o) region (p) republic (q) river (r) running (s) script (t) sea (u) six (v) soviet (w) state (x) suffix (y) summit (z) system ({) tag (|) territory (}) time (~) transcontinental country () tributary () valley () weather () writing () year
Output (English): mountain range