Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Physostegia , the lionshearts , is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae , native to North America ( United States , Canada , northern Mexico ) . They are erect rhizomatous herbaceous perennials inhabiting damp , sunny places . They grow up to 2 m ( 7 ft ) tall with purple or pink tubular flowers in racemes in summer . The generic name comes from two Greek words , physa ( a bladder ) and stege ( a covering ) , referring to the calyx , which becomes full of fruit when mature . Physostegia virginiana is the most common species , and is known as `` obedient plant '' . Species Physostegia angustifolia Fernald - lower Mississippi Valley , southern Great Plains Physostegia correllii ( Lundell ) Shinners - Texas , northern Mexico Physostegia digitalis Small - Texas , Louisiana , Arkansas , Alabama Physostegia godfreyi P.D.Cantino - Florida Panhandle Physostegia intermedia ( Nutt . ) Engelm . & A.Gray - lower Mississippi Valley , southern Great Plains Physostegia ledinghamii ( B.Boivin ) P.D.Cantino - Northwest Territories , Alberta , Saskatchewan , Manitoba , North Dakota Physostegia leptophylla Small - Southeast from Florida to Virginia Physostegia longisepala P.D.Cantino - Texas , Louisiana Physostegia parviflora Nutt . ex A.Gray - western Canada ( Manitoba to British Columbia ) , northwestern + north - central United States ( Illinois to Washington ) Physostegia pulchella Lundell - eastern Texas Physostegia purpurea ( Walter ) S.F.Blake - Southeast from Florida to North Carolina Physostegia virginiana ( L. ) Benth . - much of eastern + central US + Canada ; northeastern Mexico, Plectranthus edulis, the Ethiopian potato, known as "Welayta dinich" in Amharic, is a species of annual plant in the Lamiaceae family. It is indigenous to Ethiopia, where it is grown for its edible tubers. The tubers are cooked before they are eaten., Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus., The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approx. 13,164 known genera and a total of c. 295,383 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure, in other words, a fruiting plant. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek composite word ("angeion", "case" or "casing", and "sperma", "seed") meaning "enclosed seeds", after the enclosed condition of the seeds., Stachys affinis, commonly called crosne, Chinese artichoke, Japanese artichoke, knotroot, and artichoke betony, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the family Lamiaceae, originating from China. Its rhizome can be grown and eaten as a root vegetable., Lamiaceae (or )
or Labiatae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some species are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage, such as "Coleus". Others are grown for seed, such as "Salvia hispanica" (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as "Plectranthus edulis", "Plectranthus esculentus", "Plectranthus rotundifolius", and "Stachys affinis" (Chinese artichoke). , In general use, herbs are any plants used for food, flavoring, medicine, or fragrances for their savory or aromatic properties. Culinary use typically distinguishes herbs from spices. "Herbs" refer to the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant (either fresh or dried), while "spices" are produced from other parts of the plant (usually dried), including seeds, berries, bark, roots and fruits., Thyme is an evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. 
The most common variety is "Thymus vulgaris". Thyme is of the genus "Thymus" of the mint family (Lamiaceae), and a relative of the oregano genus "Origanum"., A vine (Latin "vnea" "grapevine", "vineyard", from "vnum" "wine") in the narrowest sense is the grapevine ("Vitis"), but more generally it can refer to any plant with a growth habit of trailing or (that is, climbing) stems or runners. The word also can refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance when used in wicker work., Teak (Tectona grandis) is a tropical hardwood tree species placed in the flowering plant family Lamiaceae. "Tectona grandis" is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. It has small, fragrant white flowers and large papery leaves that are often hairy on the lower surface. It is sometimes known as the "Burmese teak". Teak wood has a leather-like smell when it is freshly milled. It is particularly valued for its durability and water resistance, and is used for boat building, exterior construction, veneer, furniture, carving, turnings, and other small wood projects. "Tectona grandis" is native to south and southeast Asia, mainly India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar and Bangladesh but is naturalised and cultivated in many countries in Africa and the Caribbean. Myanmar's teak forests account for nearly half of the world's naturally occurring teak.
Molecular studies show that there are two centres of genetic origin of teak; one in India and the other in Myanmar and Laos. "CP teak" ("Central Province" teak) is a description of teak from the central states of India. "Nagpur teak" is another regional Indian teak. It produces small, white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panicles) at the end of the branches. Flowers contain both types of reproductive organs (perfect flowers), Stachys is one of the largest genera in the flowering plant family Lamiaceae. Estimates of the number of species in the genus vary from about 300, to about 450. The type species for the genus is "Stachys sylvatica". "Stachys" is in the subfamily Lamioideae. Generic limits and relationships in this subfamily are poorly known., Plectranthus esculentus, with English common names kaffir potato, and Livingstone potato, is a species of plant in the dicot family Lamiaceae. It is indigenous to Africa, where it is grown for its edible tubers. It is more difficult to cultivate than "Plectranthus rotundifolius", but able to give greater yields. Although the crop is similar to a potato it is from the mint family but it is still quite nutritious and useful. This crop can benefit many subsistence farmers since it is native, easy to grow, growing popularity in the market and quite nutritious., Plectranthus, with some 350 species, is a genus of warm-climate plants occurring largely in the southern hemisphere, in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, India and the Indonesian archipelago down to Australia and some Pacific Islands. They are closely related to "Solenostemon" and are known as the spurflowers. Several species are grown as ornamental plants, as leaf vegetables, as root vegetables for their edible tubers, or as medicine., Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, "Salvia" is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage., Perilla is of the mint family, Lamiaceae. Though known to several cultures by different names, the disparate varieties are now classified under the single species "Perilla frutescens". The plant overall resembles the stinging nettle, though the leaves are somewhat rounder., Oregano (or , scientific name "Origanum vulgare", is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is native to temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region., A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds., In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a woody trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. In looser senses, the taller palms, the tree ferns, bananas and bamboos are also trees. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. The tallest known tree, a coast redwood named Hyperion, stands high. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are just over 3 trillion mature trees in the world., A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus., Marjoram ("Origanum majorana", syn. "Majorana hortensis" Moench, "Majorana majorana" (L.) H. Karst) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus "Origanum". It is also called pot marjoram, although this name is also used for other cultivated species of "Origanum"., Salvia hispanica, commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. The sixteenth-century "Codex Mendoza" provides evidence that it was cultivated by the Aztec in pre-Columbian times and economic historians say it may have been as important as maize as a food crop. It was given as an annual tribute by the people to the rulers in 21 of the 38 Aztec provincial states., Plectranthus rotundifolius or Solenostemon rotundifolius, commonly known as "native" or "country potato" in Africa and called "Chinese potato" in India is a perennial herbaceous plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to tropical Africa. It is cultivated for its edible tubers primarily in West Africa, as well as more recently in parts of Asia, especially India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia., In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs., A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant. It is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 6 m (20 ft) tall. Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of roses, are often termed subshrubs., Subject: physostegia, Relation: parent_taxon, Options: (A) angiospermae (B) angiosperms (C) animal (D) homo (E) lamiaceae (F) lamioideae (G) magnoliophyta (H) mentheae (I) origanum (J) perilla (K) plant (L) plectranthus (M) salvia (N) solenostemon (O) stachys (P) tectona (Q) thymus (R) vitis
Output (English): lamioideae