Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Aetosaurinae is one of the two subfamilies of aetosaurs, the other being Desmatosuchinae. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to "Aetosaurus" than to the last common ancestor of "Aetosaurus" and "Desmatosuchus". The only synapomorphy that diagnoses the clade Aetosaurinae is the medial offset of the dorsal eminences of the paramedian osteoderms. A phylogenetic study in 2012 found Aetosaurinae to be paraphyletic, with "Aetosaurus" being the basal-most stagonolepidid and aetosaurines like "Calyptosuchus", "Neoaetosauroides", and the newly described "Aetobarbakinoides" being successively more derived taxa leading up to a clade containing Desmatosuchinae and Typothoracisinae. Under this phylogeny, most traditional aetosaurines are more closely related to "Desmatosuchus" than they are to "Aetosaurus", and the clade Aetosaurinae can only include "Aetosaurus"., Typothoracisinae is a clade of aetosaurs within the subfamily Aetosaurinae. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs closer to "Typothorax" than to "Stagonolepis" or "Desmatosuchus". As with many aetosaur taxa, most of the synapomorphies that diagnose the clade are found in the osteoderms. These include a strongly acute angle of flexion between the dorsal and lateral flanges of the dorsal and lateral plates and triangular-shaped pelvic and anterior caudal dorsal lateral plates possessing semicircular borders and hook-like eminences., Desmatosuchinae is one of the two subfamilies of aetosaurs , the other being Aetosaurinae . It is a stem - based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to Desmatosuchus than the last common ancestor of Desmatosuchus and Stagonolepis . All synapomorphies that diagnose the clade can be found in the osteoderms . These include tongue - and - groove articulations for lateral plates present in dorsal presacral paramedian plates and large spikes on the lateral cervical , dorsal , and caudal plates ., Calyptosuchus (meaning "covered crocodile") is an extinct genus of crurotarsan from the Late Triassic of North America. As an aetosaur, it was heavily armored and had a pig-like snout used to uproot plants. The genus might be a junior synonym of "Stagonolepis"., Aetosaurs ("aetosaur" ; order name "Aetosauria" ; from Greek, (aetos, "eagle") and (sauros, "lizard")) are an extinct order of heavily armoured, medium- to large-sized Late Triassic herbivorous archosaurs. They have small heads, upturned snouts, erect limbs, and a body covered by plate-like scutes. All aetosaurs belong to the family Stagonolepididae. Two distinct subdivisions of aetosaurs are currently recognized, Desmatosuchinae and Aetosaurinae, based primarily on differences in the morphology of the bony scutes of the two groups. Over 20 genera of aetosaurs have been described, and recently there has been controversy regarding the description of some of these genera., Stagonolepis is an extinct genus of stagonolepidid aetosaur known from the Late Triassic (Carnian stage) of Europe., Neoaetosauroides is an extinct genus of primitive aetosaur. Its type and only species is "N. engaeus". Fossils have been found from the Los Colorados Formation outcropping along the Sierra Morada River in La Rioja, Argentina, and date back to the Norian age of the Late Triassic. It was the first aetosaur known from the formation, with remains being discovered in the 1960s., Desmatosuchus (from Greek  "desmos" 'link' +  "soûkhos" 'crocodile') is an extinct genus of archosaur belonging to the Order Aetosauria. It lived during the Late Triassic., Aetosaurus is an extinct genus of archosaur reptile belonging to the order Aetosauria. It is generally considered to be the most primitive aetosaur. Three species are currently recognized: "A. ferratus", the type species from Germany and Italy; "A. crassicauda" from Germany; and "A. arcuatus" from eastern North America. Additional specimens referred to "Aetosaurus" have been found from South Africa, the Chinle Group of the southwestern United States, and the Fleming Fjord Formation of Greenland. Specimens of "Aetosaurus" occur in Norian-age strata., Archosaurs are a group of diapsid amniotes whose living representatives consist of birds and crocodilians. This group also includes all extinct non-avian dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosauria, the archosaur clade, is a crown group that includes the most recent common ancestor of living birds and crocodilians. It includes two main clades: Pseudosuchia, which includes crocodilians and their extinct relatives, and Ornithosuchia, which includes birds and their extinct relatives (such as non-avian dinosaurs and pterosaurs)., Subject: desmatosuchinae, Relation: parent_taxon, Options: (A) aetosaur (B) aetosaurinae (C) archosaur (D) argentina (E) crocodile (F) desmatosuchinae (G) desmos (H) diapsid (I) la (J) lizard (K) pig (L) reptile (M) stagonolepididae
Output (English): stagonolepididae