Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Clark Virgil Terry Jr. (December 14, 1920  February 21, 2015) was an American swing and bebop trumpeter, a pioneer of the flugelhorn in jazz, composer, educator, and NEA Jazz Masters inductee., A composer (Latin "compn"; literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores)., Raymond Daniel "Ray" Manzarek, Jr., (precisely Manczarek; February 12, 1939  May 20, 2013), was an American musician, singer, producer, film director, and author, best known as a member of The Doors from 1965 to 1973, which he co-founded with singer and lyricist Jim Morrison. Manzarek was notable for performing on a keyboard bass during many live shows and some recordings, taking on a role usually filled by a bass guitar player. He recorded on every track of all eight Doors studio albums, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. He was a co-founding member of Nite City from 1977 to 1978, and of ManzarekKrieger from 2001 until his death in 2013., Kurt Elling (born November 2, 1967) is an American jazz vocalist, composer, lyricist and vocalese performer. Born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Rockford, Elling first became interested in music through his father, who was Kapellmeister at a Lutheran church. Growing up, Elling sang in choirs and played various musical instruments, but was not exposed to jazz until he attended Gustavus Adolphus College. Elling enrolled in graduate school at the University of Chicago Divinity School, but left school one credit short of a master's degree to pursue a career as a jazz vocalist., Philip Tyler "Phil" Keaggy (born March 23, 1951) is an American acoustic and electric guitarist and vocalist who has released more than 50 albums and contributed to many more recordings in both the contemporary Christian music and mainstream markets. He is a seven-time recipient of the GMA Dove Award for Instrumental Album of the Year, and was twice nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album. He has frequently been listed as one of the world's top-three "finger-style", as well as "finger-picking", guitarists by "Guitar Player Magazine" readers' polls., Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklin's church as a child. In 1960, at the age of 18, Franklin embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as "Respect", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Think". These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade., Yiannis Chryssomallis ("Giánnis Chrysomállis"; born November 14, 1954), known professionally as Yanni, is a Greek composer, keyboardist, pianist, and music producer who has spent his adult life in the United States., Tony Guerrero (born September 20, 1966) is a musician, songwriter, and producer. His career as a jazz trumpeter has spanned over twenty years starting with the release of his first CD, "Tiara", in 1988. He has since released seven solo albums, several of which garnered critical praise, Top 20 jazz radio play, and earned him a worldwide audience. His songs have been recorded by jazz artists around the world including contemporary stars, Brian Bromberg and Greg Vail, and he has toured as a headliner and guest artist throughout the United States, Europe, Asia, South America, and the South Pacific. He has played on albums from dozens of other artists and recorded and/or performed with artists as diverse as Freddie Hubbard, Tom Scott, Brian Wilson, Billy Idol, Slash, Phil Keaggy, David Pack, and countless others. His work as a producer has placed him in a wide variety of styles from jazz, rock, country, Christian, and musical theater., Vocalese is a style or musical genre of jazz singing wherein words are sung to melodies that were originally part of an all-instrumental composition or improvisation. Whereas scat singing uses improvised nonsense syllables, such as "bap ba dee dot bwee dee" in solos, vocalese uses lyrics, either improvised or written and set to pre-existing instrumental solos, sometimes in the form of a tribute to the original instrumentalist. The word "vocalese" is a play on the musical term "vocalise" and the suffix "-ese", meant to indicate a sort of language., A pianist is an individual musician who plays the piano. Most forms of Western music can make use of the piano. Consequently, pianists have a wide variety of repertoire and styles to choose from, including traditionally classical music, Jazz, blues and all sorts of popular music, including rock music. Most pianists can, to a certain extent, play other keyboard-related instruments such as the synthesizer, harpsichord, celesta and the organ and keyboard. Perhaps the greatest pianist of all time was Franz Liszt, whose piano mastery was described by Anton Rubinstein: "In comparison with Liszt, all other pianists are children". , The Cadillacs were an American rock and roll and doo-wop group from Harlem, New York, active from 1953 to 1962. The group was noted for their 1955 hit "Speedoo", which was instrumental in attracting white audiences to black rock and roll performers., The Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. The band got its name, at Morrison's suggestion from the title of Aldous Huxley's book "The Doors of Perception", which itself was a reference to a quote made by William Blake, "If the doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear to man as it is, infinite." They were unique and among the most controversial and influential rock acts of the 1960s, mostly because of Morrison's lyrics and charismatic but unpredictable stage persona. After Morrison's death in 1971 at age 27, the remaining members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973., Brian Bromberg (born December 5, 1960) is an American jazz bassist and record producer who performs on both electric and acoustic instruments. Though he tends to gravitate towards the genre of smooth jazz, Bromberg has released some straight-ahead jazz records in which he performs with a trio, and has even ventured into more rock-oriented jazz fusion territory as of late. His innovative and technically demanding style of playing extends to both electric and upright bass. On his acoustic bass albums, Bromberg performs jazzy interpretations of various pop and rock staples from the 1960s and '70s completely solo. Regarding his work with electric bass, Bromberg, among other bassists, helped popularize the piccolo bass, or bass with each string tuned an octave up, by releasing several albums in which he plays both the bass line and melody. For instance, upon first listen many will be surprised to learn that, although soaring guitar can be heard throughout the album, Bromberg's 2005 release "Metal" contains only Bromberg on two overdubbed basses, one of which is heavily effects-laden to make it sound like an electric guitar., Nnenna Freelon, (born July 28, 1954) is an American jazz singer, composer, producer, and arranger. She has been nominated for six Grammy Awards for her vocal work, and has performed and toured with such top artists as Ray Charles, Ellis Marsalis, Al Jarreau, Anita Baker, Aretha Franklin, Dianne Reeves, Diana Krall, Ramsey Lewis, George Benson, Clark Terry, Herbie Hancock, and Terence Blanchard., Osama Afifi has been a professional bassist since 1983 . He has recorded and performed live with many artists such as U.S. and Canadian tours with Yanni during the `` Reflections of Passion '' , `` Revolution in Sound '' , and `` Dare to Dream '' concert tours ; a European and Canadian tour with French artist Vanessa Paradis ; and a TV show on VH1 called Storytellers with The Doors . He worked with Grammy - nominated jazz vocalists Kurt Elling and Nnenna Freelon , The 5th Dimension , The Cadillacs , jazz saxophonist Gary Herbig , singer Debbie Boone , former Miles Davis keyboardist Kei Akagi , Doors drummer John Densmore , Brazilian style guitar duo Hugo Jojo , and jazz trumpeter Tony Guerrero . For several years he has been the bassist for the B Sharp Jazz Quartet , who have been recognized by numerous national and regional magazines and newspapers . The Quartet toured extensively throughout the United States and Europe . They performed at the North Sea , Istanbul , Nice , Brecon , and Monterey Jazz Festivals , to name a few . Afifi ventured into composition , co-writing a song entitled `` Nami '' that is featured on the group 's CD Searching for the One . The song was quoted as `` a future Jazz standard '' by Billboard Magazine . KLON , a Los Angeles jazz radio station , chose `` Nami '' to be on their latest compilation CD . His education includes studies at the Dick Grove School of Music . He also studied with Jeff Berlin and Gary Willis ., Doo-wop is a genre of music that was developed in African-Americans communities of New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, Newark, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles in the 1940s, achieving mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Singer Bill Kenny (19141978) is often called the "Godfather of Doo-wop" for his introducing the "top and bottom" format which featured a high tenor singing the lead and a bass singer reciting the lyrics in the middle of the song. Doo-wop features vocal group harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation, and simple music and lyrics., Subject: osama afifi, Relation: instrument, Options: (A) bass (B) bass guitar (C) celesta (D) electric guitar (E) flugelhorn (F) guitar (G) harpsichord (H) piano (I) singing (J) synthesizer
Output (English): bass guitar