Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior. State-enforced laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or established by judges through precedent, normally in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people., The Morea (or , , ) was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The name was used for the Byzantine province known as the Despotate of the Morea, by the Ottoman Empire for the Morea Eyalet, and by the Republic of Venice for the short-lived Kingdom of the Morea., Thomas Palaiologos or Palaeologus (1409  12 May 1465) was Despot in Morea from 1428 until the Ottoman conquest in 1460. After the desertion of his older brother to the Turks in 1460, Thomas Palaiologos became the legitimate claimant to the Byzantine throne, a claim he maintained during his exile in Italy., ura Brankovi (; 1377  24 December 1456) was the Serbian Despot from 1427 to 1456 and a baron of the Kingdom of Hungary. He collected a large library of Serbian, Slavonic, Latin, and Greek manuscripts and made his capital Smederevo, a centre of Serbian culture. He was the first of the Brankovi dynasty to hold the Serbian monarchy., De jure (adjective, adverb) (; Classical Latin: de iure ; (lit. 'concerning law') means 'a state of affairs that is in accordance with law', i.e. that is officially designated. In contrast, "de facto" (lit. 'concerning fact'), means 'a state of affairs that is true in fact, but that is not officially designated'. In law, and in government, the terms "de jure" and "de facto" are used instead of 'in law' and 'in practice', respectively. In a legal context, "de jure" (laws) are contrasted to "de facto" practices, where, for example, the people obey a contract as though there were a law enforcing it, yet there is no such law. A process known as 'desuetude' may allow "de facto" practices to replace "de jure" laws that have fallen out of favour locally., Classical Latin is the modern term used to describe the form of the Latin language recognized as standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. In some later periods, it was regarded as "good" Latin, with later versions being viewed as debased or corrupt. The word "Latin" is now taken by default as meaning "Classical Latin", so that, for example, modern Latin textbooks describe classical Latin. Marcus Tullius Cicero and his contemporaries of the late republic, while using "lingua Latina" and "sermo Latinus" to mean the Latin language as opposed to the Greek or other languages, and "sermo vulgaris" or "sermo vulgi" to refer to the vernacular, regarded the speech they valued most and in which they wrote as "Latinitas", "Latinity", with the implication of good. Sometimes it is called "sermo familiaris", "speech of the good families", "sermo urbanus", "speech of the city" or rarely "sermo nobilis", "noble speech", but mainly besides "Latinitas" it was "Latine" (adverb), "in good Latin", or "Latinius" (comparative degree of adjective), "good Latin"., The Palaiologos dynasty ( Palaiologoi ), also romanized as Palaeologus or Palaeologue, was the name of a Byzantine Greek family, which rose to nobility and ultimately produced the last ruling dynasty of the Byzantine Empire., Lazar Brankovi (c. 1421  20 January 1458) was a Serbian despot, prince of Rascia from 1456 to 1458. He was the third son of ura Brankovi and his wife Eirene Kantakouzene. He was succeeded by his elder brother, despot Stefan III Brankovi., Manuel Palaiologos ( or Palaeologus ) ( 1455 -- 1512 ) was the youngest child of Thomas Palaiologos and Catherine Zaccaria . He was brother of the de jure Byzantine Emperor Andrew Palaiologos , Zoe Palaiologina , Grand Duchess of Moscovy , and Helena Palaiologina , wife of Despot Lazar Brankovi of Serbia . Born after the Fall of Constantinople ( May 29 , 1453 ) , Manuel spent his first few years living in the Morea ( modern Peloponnese ) till fleeing with his family in 1460 to Corfu . His father Thomas then left the rest of the family to go to Rome , where he made a ceremonial entrance as Byzantine Emperor 7 March 1461 . Manuel 's mother died in August 1462 , but he and his older brother Andrew did not rejoin his father until a few days before the man died in 1465 . , For the next few years he and his brother were brought up under the watchful eye of Cardinal Bessarion . Pope Pius II granted him a pension of 50 ducats a month , but this came to an end with the prelate 's death in 1465 ; his successor Pope Sixtus IV proved to be not as generous . After several years of life as an exile , Manuel surprised the Roman establishment by returning to Constantinople and throwing himself on the mercy of the Sultan Mehmed II. In exchange for his rights to the Imperial throne , the Sultan granted him an estate and a comfortable pension . He married a woman , whose name has not been recorded , and by whom he had two sons : John ( Ioannes ) , who died at an early age ; and Andrew ( Andreas ) , who converted to Islam . Although Runciman identifies Andrew with a court official named Mehmet Pasha , subsequent research has shown they are two different men . Manuel died in 1512 ., Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state., Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a "transitional" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe., Subject: manuel palaiologos, Relation: place_of_death, Options: (A) albania (B) austria (C) baron (D) bulgaria (E) byzantine empire (F) central (G) france (H) greece (I) hungary (J) italy (K) kosovo (L) latina (M) macedonia (N) montenegro (O) normal (P) ottoman empire (Q) peloponnese (R) republic of serbia (S) roman (T) roman empire (U) sea (V) serbia (W) switzerland
Output (English): ottoman empire