Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Covent Garden (or ) is a district in London on the eastern fringes of the West End, between St Martin's Lane and Drury Lane. It is associated with the former fruit-and-vegetable market in the central square, now a popular shopping and tourist site, and with the Royal Opera House, which is also known as "Covent Garden". The district is divided by the main thoroughfare of Long Acre, north of which is given over to independent shops centred on Neal's Yard and Seven Dials, while the south contains the central square with its street performers and most of the elegant buildings, theatres and entertainment facilities, including the London Transport Museum and the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane., Edward I. Altman ( born 1941 ) is a Professor of Finance at New York University 's Stern School of Business . He is best known for the development of the Z - Score for predicting bankruptcy which he published in 1968 . Professor Altman is a leading academic on the High - Yield and Distressed Debt markets and is the pioneer in the building of models for credit risk management and bankruptcy prediction . He is the brother of Stuart Altman . Altman teaches `` Bankruptcy and Reorganization '' and `` Credit Risk Management '' in the Risk Management Open Enrollment program for Stern Executive Education , as well as on the TRIUM Global Executive MBA Program , an alliance of NYU Stern , the London School of Economics and HEC School of Management , and for both the Master of Science in Global Finance ( MSGF ) and Master of Science in Risk Management Program for Executives ( MSRM ) . MSGF is jointly offered by NYU Stern and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology . He also teaches in the school 's MBA programs and has been a Stern faculty member since 1967 . The Z - Score is a multivariate formula for a measurement of the financial health of a company and a powerful diagnostic tool that forecasts the probability of a company entering bankruptcy within a 2 - year period . Studies measuring the effectiveness of the Z - Score have shown that the model has an 80 % -90 % reliability . Altman 's equation did an excellent job at distinguishing bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms . Altman holds a B.A. in Economics , ( CCNY , 1963 ) ; an MBA ( UCLA , 1965 ) ; and a Ph.D. in Finance ( UCLA , 1967 ) . Altman was inducted into the Fixed Income Society 's Hall of Fame in 2001 and was amongst the inaugural inductees into the Turnaround Management 's Hall of Fame in 2008 . He was named one of the `` 100 Most Influential People in Finance '' by the Treasury & Risk Management magazine in 2005 . Co-founder of the International Risk Management Conference , now in its 7th year ., A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking. , The London School of Economics (officially The London School of Economics and Political Science; often referred to as LSE) is a public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb, Graham Wallas and George Bernard Shaw for the betterment of society, LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and established its first degree courses under the auspices of the University in 1901; the LSE has awarded its own degrees since 2008.
LSE is located in Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn. The area is historically known as Clare Market. It has students and 3,300 staff, just under half of whom come from outside the UK. It had a total income of £340.7 million in 2015/16, of which £30.3 million was from research grants.<ref name="LSE Financial Statement 15/16"></ref> 155 nationalities are represented amongst LSE's student body and the school has the highest percentage of international students (70%) of all British universities. Despite its name, the school is organised into 25 academic departments and institutes which conduct teaching and research across a range of legal studies and social sciences.
The School is generally recognised as one of the most prestigious universities in the world and as one of the world's leading social science universities, ranked among the top 10 universities nationally by two of the three UK tables and in the top 100 internationally by three of the four major global rankings. In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the School had the highest proportion of world-leading research among research submitted of any British non-specialist university. LSE is usually considered part of the golden triangle of highly research-intensive universities in southeast England. It is a member of academic organisations such as the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association and the Russell Group.
The LSE has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, history, economics, philosophy, business, literature, media and politics. Alumni and staff include 52 past or present heads of state or government and 20 members of the current British House of Commons. To 2016, 27% (or 13 out of 48) of all the Nobel Prizes in Economics have been awarded or jointly awarded to LSE alumni, current staff or former staff, making up 17% (13 out of 78) of all laureates. LSE alumni and staff have also won 3 Nobel Peace Prizes, and 2 Nobel Prizes in Literature. Out of all European universities, LSE has educated the most billionaires according to a 2014 global census of dollar billionaires. LSE graduates earn higher incomes on average than those of any other British university., The University of London is a collegiate research university located in London, England, consisting of 18 constituent colleges, nine research institutes and a number of central bodies., The Russell Group is a self-selected association of twenty-four public research universities in the United Kingdom. The group is headquartered in London and was established in 1994 to represent its members' interests, principally to government and parliament; nineteen smaller British research universities formed the 1994 Group in response, which has since dissolved. In 2010, Russell Group members received approximately two-thirds of all university research grant and contract income in the United Kingdom. The group is widely perceived as representing the best universities in the country., The Research Excellence Framework is the successor to the Research Assessment Exercise. It is an Impact evaluation; assessing the research of British higher education institutions. It was used in 2014 to assess UK research during the period 20082013., Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments. It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk. Finance can also be defined as the science of money management. Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three different sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance., The European University Association (EUA) represents and supports more than 850 institutions of higher education in 47 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and exchange of information on higher education and research policies. Members of the Association are European universities involved in teaching and research, national associations of rectors and other organisations active in higher education and research., In finance, return is a profit on an investment. It comprises any change in value and interest or dividends or other such cash flows which the investor receives from the investment. It may be measured either in absolute terms (e.g., dollars) or as a percentage of the amount invested. The latter is also called the holding period return., The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a public research university in Clear Water Bay Peninsula, Hong Kong. Established in 1991, it is the territory's youngest higher learning institution with no precursory existence., In financial accounting, an asset is an economic resource. Anything tangible or intangible that can be owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have positive economic value is considered an asset. Simply stated, assets represent value of ownership that can be converted into cash (although cash itself is also considered an asset)., George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856  2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, and polemicist whose influence on Western theatre, culture, and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond. He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as "Man and Superman" (1903), "Pygmalion" (1913), and "Saint Joan" (1923). With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, and in 1925 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature., Central London is the innermost part of London, England. There is no official definition of its area but its characteristics are understood to include a high density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities. Over time a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. , Martha Beatrice Webb, Baroness Passfield, (née Potter; 22 January 1858  30 April 1943), was an English sociologist, economist, socialist, labour historian and social reformer. It was Webb who coined the term "collective bargaining". She was among the founders of the London School of Economics and played a crucial role in forming the Fabian Society., Graham Wallas (31 May 1858  9 August 1932) was an English socialist, social psychologist, educationalist, a leader of the Fabian Society and a co-founder of the London School of Economics., The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has had a powerful influence on British politics. Later members of the Fabian Society included Jawaharlal Nehru and other leaders of new nations created out of the former British Empire, who used Fabian principles to create socialist democracies in India, Pakistan, Nigeria and elsewhere as Britain decolonised after World War II., Subject: edward altman, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) academic (B) accounting (C) critic (D) economist (E) entertainment (F) faculty (G) founder (H) investor (I) leader (J) official (K) opera (L) playwright (M) potter (N) psychologist (O) research (P) revolutionary (Q) science (R) social psychologist (S) socialist (T) sociologist (U) student (V) united kingdom
Output (English): economist