Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Valentinus Smalcius ( German : Valentin Schmalz or Schmaltz ; Polish : Walenty Smalc ) ( Gotha , 1572 -- Raków , Kielce county 1622 ) was a German Socinian theologian . He is known for his German translation of the Racovian Catechism , and Racovian New Testament ( 1606 ) translated from Greek into Polish . A migrant to Poland , he became largely Polonised towards the end of his life . Schmalz was converted by Andrzej Wojdowski while at Strassburg University around 1592 , and emigrated to Poland on graduation , after which he taught at Smigiel , Lublin , and t. Stanislaw Kot records that Schmalz became `` a noteworthy example of the assimilative power of Raków '' . Like many of the emigrant Germans , French and Italians who came to Poland he married a Pole and brought up his children as Poles . Schmalz became so thorough Polonised that in addition to the Polish New Testament he composed Polish hymns , and kept his personal diary in Polish . He was a preacher of the Polish Brethren at Raków , Kielce County . The origins of the Racovian Catechism are not quite clear . A traditional view is that Smalcius put it together , perhaps with collaborators , from literary remains of Faustus Socinus . Another is that it was developed by Smalcius and Hieronim Moskorzowski ( Moscorovius ) in 1605 ; others say Moskorzowski wrote it with Piotr Stoiski Jr. ( son of Pierre Statorius ) and Johannes Völkel , and Smalcius was the translator into German for publication in 1608 . In any case the Catechism was constructed by disciples of Socinus , and Smalcius probably had a leading role . Moskorzowski exchanged pamphlets with the Jesuit Piotr Skarga , and Smalcius supported him . He later supported Völkel in a long controversy with the Jesuit Martinus Smiglecius . He also attacked the views of the Lutheran Frantzius ( Wolfgang Franz ) ., witokrzyskie Voivodeship, witokrzyskie Province, or Holy Cross Province is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It is situated in southeastern Poland, in the historical province of Lesser Poland, and takes its name from the witokrzyskie (Holy Cross) mountain range. Its capital and largest city is Kielce., The gmina (Polish pronunciation , plural "gminy" ) is the principal unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a commune or municipality. As of 2010 there were 2,478 gminy throughout the country. The word "gmina" derives from the German word "Gemeinde", meaning "community.", Kielce County is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in witokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Chciny, south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, south of Kielce, Daleszyce, south-east of Kielce, and Bodzentyn, east of Kielce., Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin., Kielce ("Keltz") is a city in south central Poland with 199,475 inhabitants (June 2014). It is also the capital city of the witokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (19191939, 19451998). The city is located in the middle of the witokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), at the banks of the Silnica River, in northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland., Raków is a village in Kielce County, witokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Raków. It lies in historic Lesser Poland, approximately south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The village has a population of 1,213., Lesser Poland (Polish: "Maopolska", Latin: "Polonia Minor") is a historical region ("dzielnica") of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków., Gmina Raków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kielce County, witokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Raków, which lies approximately south-east of the regional capital Kielce., The Racovian Catechism ("Pol.": Katechizm Rakowski) is a nontrinitarian statement of faith from the 16th century. The title "Racovian" comes from the publishers, the Polish Brethren, who had founded a sizeable town in Raków, Kielce County, where the Racovian Academy and printing press was founded by Jakub Sienieski in 1602., The Polish Brethren (Polish: "Bracia Polscy") were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a Nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658. By those on the outside, they were called "Arians" or "Socinians" (")", but themselves preferred simply to be called "Brethren" or "Christians," and, after their expulsion from Poland, "Unitarians"., Subject: valentinus smalcius, Relation: place_of_death, Options: (A) carpathian mountains (B) central (C) germany (D) gmina raków (E) kaliningrad (F) kielce (G) kraków (H) most (I) poland (J) poznań (K) raków , kielce county (L) ukraine (M) union (N) wrocław
Output (English): gmina raków