Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Kinetic art is art from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or depends on motion for its effect . Canvas paintings that extend the viewer 's perspective of the artwork and incorporate multidimensional movement are the earliest examples of kinetic art. More pertinently speaking , kinetic art is a term that today most often refers to three - dimensional sculptures and figures such as mobiles that move naturally or are machine operated . The moving parts are generally powered by wind , a motor or the observer . Kinetic art encompasses a wide variety of overlapping techniques and styles . There is also a portion of kinetic art that includes virtual movement , or rather movement perceived from only certain angles or sections of the work . This term also clashes frequently with the term `` apparent movement '' , which many people use when referring to an artwork whose movement is created by motors , machines , or electrically powered systems . Both apparent and virtual movement are styles of kinetic art that only recently have been argued as styles of op art. The amount of overlap between kinetic and op art is not significant enough for artists and art historians to consider merging the two styles under one umbrella term , but there are distinctions that have yet to be made . `` Kinetic art '' as a moniker developed from a number of sources . Kinetic art has its origins in the late 19th century impressionist artists such as Claude Monet , Edgar Degas , and Édouard Manet who originally experimented with accentuating the movement of human figures on canvas . This triumvirate of impressionist painters all sought to create art that was more lifelike than their contemporaries . Degas '' dancer and racehorse portraits are examples of what he believed to be `` photographic realism '' ; artists such as Degas in the late 19th century felt the need to challenge the movement toward photography with vivid , cadenced landscapes and portraits . By the early 1900s , certain artists grew closer and closer to ascribing their art to dynamic motion . Naum Gabo , one of the two artists attributed to naming this style , wrote frequently about his work as examples of `` kinetic rhythm '' . He felt that his moving sculpture Kinetic Construction ( also dubbed Standing Wave , 1919 -- 20 ) was the first of its kind in the 20th century . From the 1920s until the 1960s , the style of kinetic art was reshaped by a number of other artists who experimented with mobiles and new forms of sculpture ., Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing fusion, which is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal. In addition to melting the base metal, a filler material is typically added to the joint to form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to form a joint that is usually stronger than the base material. Pressure may also be used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce a weld., Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief., Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast., A metal (from Greek  "métallon", "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are generally malleable  that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking  as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire). About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals, the others are nonmetals or metalloids. Some elements appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms., Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics. The term has also been applied more broadly to all the visual arts (such as painting, sculpture, film and photography)., Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees, and other woody plants. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers which are strong in tension embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber., Clay is a fine-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. Clays are plastic due to their water content and become hard, brittle and nonplastic upon drying or firing. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure. Depending on the soil's content in which it is found, clay can appear in various colours from white to dull grey or brown to deep orange-red.
Although many naturally occurring deposits include both silts and clay, clays are distinguished from other fine-grained soils by differences in size and mineralogy. Silts, which are fine-grained soils that do not include clay minerals, tend to have larger particle sizes than clays. There is, however, some overlap in particle size and other physical properties. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 µm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 45 m, and colloid chemists use 1 m. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 m and silt particles as being larger., A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds. This article gives an overview of ceramic materials from the point of view of materials science. , Subject: kinetic art, Relation: subclass_of, Options: (A) art (B) belief (C) branch (D) brown (E) ceramic (F) clay (G) content (H) element (I) fiber (J) fusion (K) good (L) material (M) matter (N) metal (O) metalloid (P) mine (Q) natural (R) nonmetal (S) organic matter (T) out (U) painting (V) plastic arts (W) point (X) pressure (Y) process (Z) religious ([) scale (\) sculpture (]) shape (^) society (_) soldering (`) solid (a) stone (b) support (c) table (d) temperature (e) term (f) tissue (g) variable (h) variety (i) visual arts (j) water (k) welding (l) western (m) wire (n) wood
Output (English): visual arts