Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Muhajirun (The Emigrants) were the first converts to Islam and the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated with him from Mecca to Medina, the event known in Islam as "The Hijra". The early Muslims from Medina are called the "Ansar" ("helpers")., The Rashidun Caliphate (') was the Islamic caliphate in the earliest period of Islam, comprising the first four caliphsthe "Rightly Guided" or Rashidun caliphs ('). It was founded after Muhammad's death in 632 (year 11 AH in the Islamic calendar). At its height, the Caliphate controlled an empire from the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, to the Caucasus in the north, North Africa from Egypt to present-day Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau to Central Asia in the east., Abraha (also spelled Abreha) (died after AD 553; r. 525at least 553), also known as 'Abraha al-Ashram (Arabic:  ), was an Ethiopian general then the viceroy of southern Arabia for the Kingdom of Aksum, and later declared himself an independent King of Himyar. Abraha ruled much of present-day Yemen and Hijaz from at least 531 -547 AD to 555 - 565 AD., Ammr ibn Ysir ibn mir ibn Mlik Ab al - Yaqzn ( Arabic :     ) was one of the Muhajirun in the history of Islam and , for his dedicated devotion to its cause , is considered to be one of the most loyal and beloved companions of Muhammad and Ali ; thus , he occupies a position of the highest prominence in Islam . Historically , Ammar ibn Yasir is the first Muslim to build a mosque . He is also referred to by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions . Ammar 's ultimate fate was unique than the rest of Mohammad 's companions in that it decisively distinguished the righteous group from the sinful one in the First Fitna ., The First Fitna was a civil war within the Rashidun Caliphate which resulted in the overthrowing of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty. It began when the caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated by Egyptian rebels in 656 and continued through the four-year reign of Uthman's successor Ali ibn Abi Talib. It ended in 661 when Ali's heir Hasan ibn Ali concluded a treaty acknowledging the rule of Muawiyah, the first Umayyad caliph., A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united state.
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region or to change government policies.
The term is a calque of the Latin "bellum civile" which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC., Moses (' ' '; "Moushe"; '; "" in both the Septuagint and the New Testament) is a prophet in Abrahamic religions. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was a former Egyptian prince who later in life became a religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah, or acquisition of the Torah from Heaven is traditionally attributed. Also called "Moshe Rabbenu" in Hebrew ("lit." "Moses our Teacher"), he is the most important prophet in Judaism. He is also an important prophet in Christianity, Islam, Bahá'í Faith as well as a number of other faiths., The Rashidun" Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; '), often simply called, collectively, ""'the "Rashidun", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate. The concept of "Rightly Guided Caliphs" originated with the later Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad. It is a reference to the Sunni imperative "Hold firmly to my example ("sunnah") and that of the Rightly Guided Caliphs" (Ibn Majah, Abu Dawood)., Medina (', "the radiant city"; or , ', "the city"), also transliterated as Madnah, is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also the capital of the Al Madinah Region. The city contains al-Masjid an-Nabawi ("the Prophet's Mosque"), which is the burial place of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and is the second-holiest city in Islam after Mecca., Mecca or Makkah ("" ) is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also capital of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the "hajj" ("pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of "Dhu al-Hijjah"., Muhammad (c. 570 CE  8 June 632 CE) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam, believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran, formed the basis of Islamic religious belief., Subject: ammar ibn yasir, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) abbasid caliphate (B) kingdom of aksum (C) rashidun caliphate (D) roman republic (E) saudi arabia (F) teacher (G) yemen
Output (English): rashidun caliphate