Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Daniel E. Gorenstein ( January 1 , 1923 -- August 26 , 1992 ) was an American mathematician . He earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Harvard University , where he earned his Ph.D. in 1950 under Oscar Zariski , introducing in his dissertation a duality principle for plane curves that motivated Grothendieck 's introduction of Gorenstein rings . He was a major influence on the classification of finite simple groups . After teaching mathematics to military personnel at Harvard before earning his doctorate , Gorenstein held posts at Clark University and Northeastern University before he began teaching at Rutgers University in 1969 , where he remained for the rest of his life . He was the founding director of DIMACS in 1989 , and remained as its director until his death . Gorenstein was awarded many honors for his work on finite simple groups . He was recognised , in addition to his own research contributions such as work on signalizer functors , as a leader in directing the classification proof , the largest collaborative piece of pure mathematics ever attempted . In 1972 he was a Guggenheim Fellow and a Fulbright Scholar ; in 1978 he gained membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , and in 1989 won the Steele Prize for mathematical exposition ., A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking. , Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities., The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism., Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition of a composite number into a product of smaller integers. If these integers are further restricted to prime numbers, the process is called prime factorization., A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because 1 and 5 are its only positive integer factors, whereas 6 is composite because it has the divisors 2 and 3 in addition to 1 and 6. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes the central role of primes in number theory: any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as a product of primes that is unique up to ordering. The uniqueness in this theorem requires excluding 1 as a prime because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization, e.g., 3, 1 · 3, 1 · 1 · 3, etc. are all valid factorizations of 3., Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Boston metropolitan area., A mathematical problem is a problem that is amenable to being represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the solar system, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems.<br>
It can also be a problem referring to the nature of mathematics itself, such as Russell's Paradox., In mathematics, the classification of the finite simple groups is a theorem stating that every finite simple group belongs to one of four broad classes described below. These groups can be seen as the basic building blocks of all finite groups, in a way reminiscent of the way the prime numbers are the basic building blocks of the natural numbers. The JordanHölder theorem is a more precise way of stating this fact about finite groups. However, a significant difference with respect to the case of integer factorization is that such "building blocks" do not necessarily determine uniquely a group, since there might be many non-isomorphic groups with the same composition series or, put in another way, the extension problem does not have a unique solution., Mathematics (from Greek  "máthma", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics., In abstract algebra, a finite group is a mathematical group with a finite number of elements. A group is a set of elements together with an operation which associates, to each ordered pair of elements, an element of the set. With a finite group, the set is finite. , Oscar Zariski (born Oscher Zaritsky (April 24, 1899  July 4, 1986) was a Russian-born American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century., In abstract algebra, a composition series provides a way to break up an algebraic structure, such as a group or a module, into simple pieces. The need for considering composition series in the context of modules arises from the fact that many naturally occurring modules are not semisimple, hence cannot be decomposed into a direct sum of simple modules. A composition series of a module "M" is a finite increasing filtration of "M" by submodules such that the successive quotients are simple and serves as a replacement of the direct sum decomposition of "M" into its simple constituents. , A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his/her work, typically to solve mathematical problems., Subject: daniel gorenstein, Relation: place_of_birth, Options: (A) boston (B) cambridge (C) harvard (D) hilbert (E) jordan (F) march (G) massachusetts (H) middlesex county (I) moscow (J) most (K) nizhny novgorod (L) of (M) pennsylvania (N) petersburg (O) russia (P) saint petersburg (Q) strong (R) yekaterinburg
Output (English): boston