Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: Endive (or ) is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus "Cichorium", which includes several similar bitter leafed vegetables. Species include "Cichorium endivia" (also called endive), "Cichorium pumilum" (also called wild endive), and "Cichorium intybus" (also called common chicory). Common chicory includes types such as "radicchio", "puntarelle", and Belgian endive., Cichorium endivia is a species of flowering plant belonging to the genus "Cichorium", which is widely cultivated as one of the species of similar bitter-leafed vegetables known as endive and escarole., Bouches-du-Rhône (Occitan: "Bocas de Ròse", lit. "Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in the south of France named after the mouth of the Rhône River. It is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its INSEE and postal code is 13., Mesclun ( French pronunciation :  ( msklœ ) ) is a salad mix of assorted small , young salad green leaves , that originated in Provence , France . The traditional mix usually includes chervil , arugula , leafy lettuces and endive , while the term may also refer to an undetermined mix of fresh and available baby salad greens , which may include lettuces , spinach , arugula ( rocket , or roquette ) , Swiss chard ( silver beet ) , mustard , endive , dandelion , frisée , mizuna , mâche ( lamb 's lettuce ) , radicchio , sorrel , or other leaf vegetables . The name comes from the Provençal , mesclum , derivated from the verb mesclar , to `` mix thoroughly , '' and literally means , `` mixture . '' According to the Merriam - Webster Dictionary , the term was first used in 1976 . According to local lore , mesclun originated with the farmers around Nice , who would each bring their own unique and prized mix of baby greens to the farmers ' markets ; one of the most representative and authentic versions is a combination of baby dandelion , lettuce and arugula . Noted chef Alice Waters comments , `` Outdoor markets in Provence display mesclun in profusion , a melange of the first tender young leaves which appear in the garden . Mesclun can be an extraordinary lettuce mixture : rocket , much like the rugola ( arugula ) found in Italian markets ; chervil ; mâche , or lamb 's lettuce ; and oak leaf . On occasion , baby curly endive ( chicory ) or young dandelion greens find their way into the medley , depending solely upon the grower 's personal preferences combined with the reality of whatever else might send up shoots in the spot where mesclun grows . '' In the North American foodservice industry , the first appearance of mesclun is traced back to restaurants and farm stands in the early 1980s , with a rise in popularity since . A mesclun mix is described as comprising baby leaves of lettuces and other greens , and often herbs , in a wide range of leaf shapes , colors , textures , and tastes . Depending on the season , a mix might contain anywhere from a dozen to three dozen different types and varieties of baby greens , including red and green oak leaf , romaine , and lolla rossa lettuces , frisée , tatsoi , bok choy , arugula , spinach , orach , mizuna , dandelion , mustard , and cress . When available , locally grown , direct - from - the - farmer sourcing is recommended over commercial bulk packs for best flavor and freshness . This version of mesclun , sometimes considered an evolution , is also known as spring mix., Spinach ("Spinacia oleracea") is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia. Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable., Common sorrel or garden sorrel ("Rumex acetosa"), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family Polygonaceae. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or leaf vegetable (pot herb)., Common chicory, "Cichorium intybus", is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. "sativum"), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and is now common in North America, China, and Australia, where it has become widely naturalized. "Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive ("Cichorium endivia"); these two closely related species are often confused., Radicchio is a cultivated form of leaf chicory ("Cichorium intybus", Asteraceae), sometimes known as Italian chicory, and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted., Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family) is an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae)., The Rhône (; Walliser German: "Rotten"  ) is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhône (French: "Le Grand Rhône") and the Little Rhône ("Le Petit Rhône"). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region., Parsley or garden parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a species of "Petroselinum" in the family Apiaceae, native to the central Mediterranean region (southern Italy, Greece, Algeria, and Tunisia), naturalized elsewhere in Europe, and widely cultivated as a herb, a spice, and a vegetable., Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, vegetable greens, leafy greens, or salad greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Although they come from a very wide variety of plants, most share a great deal with other leaf vegetables in nutrition and cooking methods., Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), sometimes called garden chervil to distinguish it from similar plants also called chervil, or French parsley, is a delicate annual herb related to parsley. It is commonly used to season mild-flavoured dishes and is a constituent of the French herb mixture fines herbes., Provence (Provençal: "Provença" in classical norm or "Prouvènço" in Mistralian norm) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It largely corresponds with the modern administrative "région" of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and includes the "départements" of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse. The largest city of the region is Marseille., The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approx. 13,164 known genera and a total of c. 295,383 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure, in other words, a fruiting plant. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek composite word ("angeion", "case" or "casing", and "sperma", "seed") meaning "enclosed seeds", after the enclosed condition of the seeds., France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux., Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics., The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweedbuckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus "Polygonum", and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, "Genera Plantarum". The name refers to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; "poly" means many and "goni" means knee or joint., A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds., Fines herbes (pronounced feen-ZAIRB) designates an important combination of herbs that forms a mainstay of French cuisine. The canonic "fines herbes" of French "haute cuisine" comprise finely chopped parsley, chives, tarragon, and chervil. These are employed in seasoning delicate dishes such as chicken, fish, and eggs, that need a relatively short cooking period and also used in a "beurre blanc" sauce for seasoning such dishes. "Fines herbes" are also eaten raw in salads. 
The classic mixture.
In 1903, the renowned chef Auguste Escoffier noted that dishes labeled "aux fines herbes" were sometimes being made with parsley alone. In his "Culinary Guide", Escoffier insisted that:It is a mistake to serve, under the name "Omelette aux fines herbes", an omelet in which chopped parsley furnishes the only aromatic note. This error is too widespread for us to hope to overturn it. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that an "omelette aux fines herbes" must contain: parsley, chives, and a little chervil and tarragon. Thirty-five years later, under the entry "Fines Herbes", the authoritative "Larousse Gastronomique" of 1938 conceded that, generally speaking, an "Omelette aux fines herbes" was still most frequently being seasoned only with chopped parsley, but repeated Escoffier's admonition that it ought to contain a combination of fragrant herbs, "such as, parsley, chervil, tarragon, and also chives." For in former times this was the traditional practice ("la pratique ancienne"), when "to the aforementioned herbs, chopped mushrooms, and even truffles, would be added." , , qian jing shui cai, kyona, Japanese mustard greens, or spider mustard, is a cultivated crop plant from the species "Brassica juncea var. japonica" a dark green, serrated leafed plant., The Vaucluse (; in classical norm or "Vau-Cluso" in Mistralian norm) is a department in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring, the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse. The name Vaucluse derives from the Latin Vallis Clausa (closed valley) as the valley here ends in a cliff face from which emanates a spring whose origin is so far in and so deep that it remains to be defined., In general use, herbs are any plants used for food, flavoring, medicine, or fragrances for their savory or aromatic properties. Culinary use typically distinguishes herbs from spices. "Herbs" refer to the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant (either fresh or dried), while "spices" are produced from other parts of the plant (usually dried), including seeds, berries, bark, roots and fruits., Cichorium is a genus of plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. The genus includes two cultivated species commonly known as chicory or endive, plus several wild species.
Common chicory ("Cichorium intybus") is a bushy perennial herb with blue or lavender (or, rarely, white or pink) flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America, where it has become naturalized. It is grown for its leaves, when it is known as leaf chicory, endive, radicchio, Belgian endive, French endive, or witloof. Other varieties are grown for their roots, which are used as a coffee substitute, similar to dandelion coffee., In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is often problematic. For example, in a species complex, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether. Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies., The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water., Alpes-Maritimes  is a department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the extreme southeast corner of France., Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur  or PACA is one of the 18 administrative regions of France. Its capital is Marseille., Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family, the (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Crops from this genus are sometimes called "cole crops"derived from the Latin "caulis", denoting the stem or stalk of a plant., Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants known as the amaranth family. It now includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae, and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species. making it the most species-rich lineage within the flowering plant order of Caryophyllales., Subject: mesclun, Relation: has_part, Options: (A) a (B) africa (C) anthriscus cerefolium (D) asia (E) atlantic ocean (F) body of water (G) book (H) c (I) capital (J) casing (K) chicken (L) chives (M) code (N) coffee (O) d (P) egypt (Q) english (R) europe (S) face (T) family (U) fish (V) flower (W) france (X) french (Y) function (Z) garden ([) geneva (\) group (]) herb (^) herbaceous plant (_) italy (`) leaf (a) leaf vegetable (b) north america (c) one (d) order (e) parsley (f) running (g) s (h) spinacia oleracea (i) spring (j) statistics (k) stem (l) vegetable (m) water
Output (English): anthriscus cerefolium