Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context: The radish ("Raphanus raphanistrum" subsp. "sativus") is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. Radishes are grown and consumed throughout the world, being mostly eaten raw as a crunchy salad vegetable. They have numerous varieties, varying in size, flavor, color, and length of time they take to mature. Radishes owe their sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase, and isothiocyanate. They are sometimes grown as companion plants and suffer from few pests and diseases. They germinate quickly and grow rapidly, smaller varieties being ready for consumption within a month, while larger daikon varieties take several months. Another use of radish is as cover or catch crop in winter or as a forage crop. Some radishes are grown for their seeds; daikon, for instance, may be grown for oil production. Others are used for sprouting and both roots and leaves are sometimes served cooked or cold., Mustard plants are any of several plant species in the genera "Brassica" and "Sinapis" in the family Brassicaceae. Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids, creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens., Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, brussels sprouts and similar green leaf vegetables. The family takes its alternate name (Cruciferae, New Latin for "cross-bearing") from the shape of their flowers, whose four petals resemble a cross., A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus., Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus., Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. , In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs., Brassicoraphanus is the name for all the intergeneric hybrids between the genera Brassica ( cabbages , etc. ) and Raphanus ( radish ) . The name comes from the combination of the genus names . Both diploid hybrids and allopolyploid hybrids are known and share this name . Early experimental crosses between species of these two genera had been sterile or nearly sterile , but large - scale experiments by Soviet agronomist Georgi Dmitrievich Karpechenko using Raphanus sativus and Brassica oleracea were remarkable because some of the plants produced hundreds of seeds . The second generation were allopolyploids , the result of gametes with doubled chromosome numbers . As Karpechenko realized , this process had created a new species , and it could justifiably be called a new genus , and proposed the name Raphanobrassica for them , but the earlier name Brassicoraphanus has priority . Plants of this parentage are now known as radicole . Two other fertile forms of Brassicoraphanus are known by the following informal names : The Raparadish group are allopolyploid hybrids between Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa , used as fodder crops Raphanofortii is the allopolyploid hybrid between Brassica tournefortii and Raphanus caudatus Currently , it is thought that a great part of the flowering plants have some hybridization and polyploidization among their ancestors ., Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people., Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family, the (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Crops from this genus are sometimes called "cole crops"derived from the Latin "caulis", denoting the stem or stalk of a plant., Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage, "B. oleracea" var. "oleracea", and is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. "botrytis"), brussels sprouts (var. "gemmifera") and savoy cabbage (var. "sabauda"). Cabbage heads generally range from , and can be green, purple and white. Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely. It is a multi-layered vegetable. Under conditions of long sunlit days such as are found at high northern latitudes in summer, cabbages can grow much larger. Some records are discussed at the end of the history section., Raphanus (Latin for "radish") is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Linnaeus described three species within the genus: the cultivated radish ("Raphanus sativus"), the wild radish or jointed charlock ("Raphanus raphanistrum"), and the rat-tail radish ("Raphanus caudatus"). Various other species have been proposed (particularly related to the East Asian daikon varieties) and the rat-tail radish is sometimes considered a variety of "R. sativus", but no clear consensus has emerged. , Subject: brassicoraphanus, Relation: parent_taxon, Options: (A) animal (B) area (C) botrytis (D) brassica (E) brassica oleracea (F) brassicaceae (G) homo (H) plant (I) raphanus (J) sinapis
Output (English): brassicaceae