Task: Question Answering
Input (English):  We opted for an automatic approach instead, that can be scaled arbitrarily and at little cost: we generate synthetic sentence pairs $(, \tilde{})$ by randomly perturbing 1.8 million segments $$ from Wikipedia. We use three techniques: mask-filling with BERT, backtranslation, and randomly dropping out words.  
 Question: How are the synthetic examples generated?
Output (English): Random perturbation of Wikipedia sentences using mask-filling with BERT, backtranslation and randomly drop out