Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Axelrod's causal mapping method comprises a set of conventions to graphically represent networks of causes and effects (the nodes in a network) as well as the qualitative aspects of this relation (the network’s directed edges, notably assertions of whether the causal linkage is positive or negative). 
 Question: What are the causal mapping methods employed?
Output (English): Axelrod's causal mapping method