Task: Question Generation
Input (English): Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D by tumors is associated with metastasis to lymph nodes in mice. However, there are few reports concerning the clinical significance of VEGF-D protein in human carcinoma.', 'After confirming production of VEGF-D by eight colorectal carcinoma cell lines, we investigated relationships between the expression of VEGF-D protein, lymph node metastasis and postoperative survival in 83 colorectal carcinoma patients. mRNA levels in cell lines were evaluated using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and protein was detected by Western blotting in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in resected tissues using an antibody recognizing the processed form of the molecule.', 'Immunohistochemistry showed VEGF-D-positive staining in 26 of the 83 carcinomas (31%). There was a significant relationship between the presence of VEGF-D protein and the incidence of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that VEGF-D protein expression was an independent factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Nonetheless, the presence or absence of VEGF-D protein had no significant impact on the survival of the patients (p = 0.15).
Output (English): Is expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D associated with lymph node metastasis in human colorectal carcinoma?