Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Mycena holoporphyra is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It was first described by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1868 as "Agaricus holoporphyrus". Rolf Singer transferred it to the genus "Mycena" in 1962, where it is classified in the section "Calodontes". First described from Cuba, it is also found in Trinidad, Africa, Mexico, and Central America and South America. Context_2 : Eosalmo is a genus of extinct salmon which lived during the Eocene epoch. The genus was first described in 1977 from fossils found in lacustrine deposits in Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, near Smithers, British Columbia, Canada. Fossils from this genus have also been found at sites in Princeton, British Columbia, the McAbee Fossil Beds in B.C., and Republic, Washington, USA. When first described the genus was thought to be intermediate in form to the living salmon subfamilies Salmoninae (trout and salmon) and Thymallinae (graylings). More recent review of the genus has placed "Eosalmo" as the most primitive member of the Salmoninae subfamily. Fossils found in Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park display a full range of individuals from young juveniles through adults. This range indicates that the genus was completely freshwater dwelling and did not spend time in saltwater. Context_3 : Polycynodon is an extinct genus of therapsid therocephalian from the Late Permian of South Africa. It is known from the "Cistecephalus" Assemblage Zone. The type species was first described as "Octocynodon elegans" by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1940, but the name "Octocynodon" was preoccupied by a genus of labrid fish first described in 1904. Along with John T. Robinson, Broom instated "Polycynodon" as a replacement name for "O. elegans" in 1948. "Polycynodon" is classified in Baurioidea, although its relationship to other baurioid therocephalians is uncertain. Context_4 : Osteitis pubis is a noninfectious inflammation of the pubis symphysis (also known as the pubic symphysis, symphysis pubis, or symphysis pubica), causing varying degrees of lower abdominal and pelvic pain. Osteitis pubis was first described in patients who had undergone suprapubic surgery, and it remains a well-known complication of invasive procedures about the pelvis. It may also occur as an inflammatory process in athletes. The incidence and cause of osteitis pubis as an inflammatory process versus an infectious process continues to fuel debate among physicians when confronted by a patient who presents complaining of abdominal pain or pelvic pain and overlapping symptoms. It was first described in 1924. Context_5 : Lake McLeod, sometimes also called McLeod Lake, is somewhat oval in shape. This lake is a natural freshwater lake with a 410 acre surface area. Lake McLeod is bordered on the north by the town of Eagle Lake, Florida. Here it is bordered by residential areas. It is bordered on the northeast and east the lake is bordered by residences. On the south it is bordered by grassland and citrus orchards. Context_6 : Aethes afghana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described from Afghanistan where it is probably widely distributed. It is known from the vicinity of Kabul, Safed Koh and Paghman Mountains. Specimens where collected at altitudes of 2,200 to 2,650 meters. It has also been recorded from Kashmir. Context_7 : Candida auris is a species of fungus which grows as yeast, first described in 2009. It is one of the few species of the "Candida" genus which cause candidiasis in humans. Candidiasis is often acquired in hospitals by patients with weakened immune systems. "C. auris" can cause invasive candidiasis in which the bloodstream (fungemia), the central nervous system, and internal organs are infected. It has recently attracted increased attention because of its multidrug resistance. Treatment is also complicated because it is easily misidentified as other "Candida" species. "C. auris" was first described after it was isolated from the ear canal of a 70-year-old Japanese woman at the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital in Japan in 2009. The first cases of disease-causing "C. auris" were reported from South Korea in 2011, spread across Asia and Europe to arrive in the U.S. in 2016. Context_8 : Sphaerotholus is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the western United States and Canada. To date, three species have been described: the type species, "S. goodwini", from the Den-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation (Late Campanian) of San Juan County, New Mexico, USA; "S. buchholtzae", from the Hell Creek Formation (Late Maastrichtian) of western Carter County, Montana, USA; and "S. edmontonense", from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. The etymology of "Sphaerotholus" is a combination of the Greek "sphaira", meaning "ball", and "tholos", meaning "dome", and is a reference to the characteristically dome-shaped pachycephalosaurian skull. The survival of "Sphaerotholus" from the Campanian of New Mexico to the end of the Maastrichtian of Montana demonstrates that this taxon had both a relatively long duration (approximately 7-8 million years) and a widespread distribution. Williamson and Carr, who first described the genus in 2002, diagnose it as follows: "Differs from all other pachycephalosaurids where known in the possession of a parietosquamosal bar that decreases in depth laterally as seen in caudal view and is bordered by a single row of nodes and one lateroventral corner node." "Sphaerotholus" is considered a highly derived pachycephalosaur. Context_9 : Afghanistan ( ; Pashto/Dari: , Pashto: "Afġānistān" ] , Dari: "Afġānestān" ] ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. The country has a population of /1e6 round 0 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers 652,000 km2 , making it the 41st largest country in the world. Context_10 : Prasium, common name white hedge-nettle, is a genus of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family, first described in 1982. It contains only one known species, Prasium majus, first described for modern science in 1753. It is native to Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Mediterranean region of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, as far east as Turkey and Israel. fact_1 : Aethes afghana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. fact_2 :  It was first described from Afghanistan where it is probably widely distributed. fact_3 :  Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Question: What country, bordered by Pakastan in the south and east, is also where theAethes afghana is first described from?  
Output (English): Afghanistan