Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Essential Skills Wales (ESW) is a suite of skills qualifications, available in Wales. Essential Skills Wales has replaced the earlier Key Skills in Wales and Wider Key Skills schemes. Skills covered are in the areas of communication, application of number, and ICT. ESW is embedded within Welsh educational initiatives including the Welsh Baccalaureate and the Apprenticeship programme. Context_2 : Yakusoku 約束 (Promise) Kumite 組手 (grappling hands), is the term used to describe the group of pre-arranged karate sparring forms, that are designated to equip the karate-ka with the essential skills required to perform any of the Jiyu 自由 (Free) Kumite sparring forms. When an extreme sporting application of jiyu kumite such as in a full contact mixed martial arts contest is the exclusive training focus of the participant, then the practice of the more basic forms of yakusoku kumite tend to be neglected. However, traditional karate organisations such as Shotokan Karate Union, Shotokan Karate-do International Federation, Japan Karate Association and others that follow the budo form of jiyu kumite, incorporate the yakusoku kumite forms within their grading syllabus. Context_3 : Susan Gyankorama Ofori-Atta also de-Graft Johnson (1917 – †1985) was a Ghanaian physician - the first female doctor in the Gold Coast. Susan Ofori-Atta was the first Ghanaian woman and third West African woman to earn a university degree. Ofori-Atta was also the second West African woman to become a physician after Nigerian, Agnes Yewande Savage. In 1933, Sierra Leonean political activist and higher education pioneer, Edna Elliot-Horton became the second West African woman university graduate and the first to earn a bachelor's degree in the liberal arts. Eventually she became a medical officer-in-charge at Kumasi Hospital, and later, she assumed charge of the Princess Louise Hospital for Women. Her contemporary was Matilda J. Clerk, the second Ghanaian woman and third West African woman to become a physician, who incidentally was also educated at Achimota and Edinburgh. Susan Ofori-Atta was made an Honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Ghana for her work on malnutrition in children, and received the Royal Cross from Pope John Paul II when he visited Ghana in 1980 in recognition of her offering of free medical services at her clinic. She helped to establish the "Women's Society for Public Affairs" and was a Foundation Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences. Her achievements were a symbol of inspiration to aspiring women physicians in Ghana. Context_4 : The Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) or Master of Science in Teaching (MST) degree is generally a pre-service degree that usually requires a minimum of 30 semester hours beyond the bachelor's degree. While the program often requires education classes in order to meet state license requirements, it emphasizes advanced coursework in a specific academic discipline to enhance one's knowledge in that subject area. Furthermore, it focuses on educating the candidate in practical teaching skills for use as a teacher as opposed to focusing on performing research in the educational field. Candidates usually spend a semester as a full time student teacher in order to earn the degree. There are two general models that (MAT or MST) degrees follow: a 5th year model, in which students spend one year extra beyond their bachelor’s degree to earn a master's degree and an initial teaching license, or a "Flex" program, which usually offers part-time weekend and evening courses to accommodate professionals who are changing careers. Context_5 : The Cecchetti method is a ballet technique and rigorous training method devised by the Italian ballet master and pedagogue Enrico Cecchetti (1850–1928). , especially within the confines of classical ballet technique. The method seeks to develop the essential skills of dance (e.g., balance, poise, strength, elevation, elasticity, and ballon) in students through a meticulously designed training regimen. Its goal for students is to learn to express themselves through dance by studying and internalizing the basic principles, in an effort to become self-reliant rather than imitating the movements executed by their teacher. Context_6 : Professor Joy Tivy (1924–1995) was a physical geographer at the University of Glasgow. She specialised in biogeography and has been credited for having helped raise the profile of biogeography as a distinct sub-discipline of geography. She published over 40 papers, books and reports and she was often asked to advise government agencies and other organisations. She was a strong advocate of the importance of field studies for providing essential skills for geography graduates. Her capacity as a teacher was as highly regarded as her research — she was known to be enthusiastic and engaging to a wide range of audiences - a medal has been created by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in honour of her commitment to Geographical Education and Teaching. Context_7 : Matilda Johanna Clerk (2 March 1916 - †27 December 1984) was a medical pioneer and a science educator on the Gold Coast and in West Africa as well as the second Ghanaian woman to become an orthodox medicine-trained physician. The first woman in Ghana and West Africa to earn a postgraduate diploma, Clerk was also the first Ghanaian woman in any field to be awarded an academic merit scholarship for university education abroad. In addition, M. J. Clerk was the third West African woman to become a physician after Nigerian, Agnes Yewande Savage (1929), the first West African woman medical doctor and Susan de Graft-Johnson, née Ofori-Atta (1949), Ghana's first female physician. These three pioneering physicians were all early advocates of maternal health, paediatric care and public health in Ghana. For a long time after independence in 1957, Clerk and de Graft-Johnson were the only two women doctors in Ghana. By breaking the glass ceiling in medicine and other institutional barriers to healthcare delivery, they were an inspiration to a generation of post-colonial Ghanaian and West African female doctors at a time the field was still a male monopoly and when the vast majority of women worldwide had very limited access to biomedicine and higher education. Pundits in the male-dominated medical community in that era described Matilda J. Clerk as "the beacon of emancipation of Ghanaian womanhood." Context_8 : The liberal arts (Latin: "artes liberales") are those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person (Latin: "liberalis", "worthy of a free person") to know in order to take an active part in civic life, something that (for Ancient Greece) included participating in public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and most importantly, military service. Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts, while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a (somewhat lesser) part in education. Context_9 : The double-deficit theory of dyslexia proposes that a deficit in two essential skills gives rise to the lowest level of reading performances, constituting the most severe form of dyslexia. Context_10 : St John Ambulance Cadets is a youth section of St John Ambulance for members aged between 10 and 18 (inclusive). It was founded in 1922, in order to train young people in first aid, and other essential skills. It has grown to be one of the biggest youth organisations in the United Kingdom, with over 20,000 members. Members take part in a very wide variety of activities, including providing first aid at major and community events, attending camps, completing awards, participating in competitions, learning leadership and training skills and fundraising. fact_1 :  In 1933, Sierra Leonean political activist and higher education pioneer, Edna Elliot-Horton became the second West African woman university graduate and the first to earn a bachelor's degree in the liberal arts. fact_2 : The liberal arts (Latin: "artes liberales") are those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person (Latin: "liberalis", "worthy of a free person") to know in order to take an active part in civic life, something that (for Ancient Greece) included participating in public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and most importantly, military service. Question: Susan Ofori-Atta was the first to earn a degree in what track based on essential skills?
Output (English): liberal arts