Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Lt. Col. Elizaveta Ivanovna Mukasei (Russian: Елизаве́та Ива́новна Мукасе́й ; 21 March 1912, Ufa – 19 September 2009) was a Soviet spy codenamed "Elza". Along with her husband Mikhail Mukasei (whose codename was "Zephyr"), she took part in a number of undercover operations in Western Europe and the United States from the 1940s through to the 1970s. She died on September 19, 2009 in Moscow at age 97. Her husband died on August 19, 2008, aged 101. Context_2 : Helena Ivanovna of Moscow (Russian: Елена Ивановна ; Lithuanian: "Elena" ; Polish: "Helena Moskiewska" ; 19 May 1476 – 20 January 1513) was daughter of Ivan III the Great, Grand Prince of Moscow, and an uncrowned Grand Duchess of Lithuania and Queen of Poland as she would not convert from Eastern Orthodoxy to Catholicism. Her childless marriage to Grand Duke of Lithuania and later King of Poland Alexander Jagiellon was a constant source of tension between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Instead of guaranteeing peace, Helena's marriage gave her father Ivan III an excuse to interfere in Lithuanian affairs accusing Alexander of mistreating Helena and repressing Orthodox believers. This became the pretext to renew the Muscovite–Lithuanian War in 1500. The war ended with a six-year truce in 1503; the Grand Duchy of Lithuania lost about a third of its territory. Despite political tensions and religious differences, the marriage was a loving one and the royal couple was close. After her husband's death in 1506, Helena wanted to return to Moscow but was not allowed. When she planned to run away, she was arrested and reportedly poisoned. Context_3 : Saint Eustochium (ca. 368 – September 28, 419 or 420). Born "Eustochium Julia" at Rome, she was the daughter of Saint Paula and is also venerated as a saint and was an early Desert Mother. She was the third of four daughters of the Roman Senator Toxotius, for whom Jerome made a lot of fanciful claims of ancestry. After the death of her husband (ca. 380) Paula and her daughter Eustochium lived in Rome as austere a life as the Fathers of the desert. Eustochium has three sisters, St. Blaesilla, Paulina, and Rufina, and a brother, Toxotius. Context_4 : Lyudmila Ivanovna Kasatkina (Russian: Людмила Ивановна Касаткина ; 15 May 1925 22 February 2012) was a Russian actress who starred in a string of war-related films directed by her husband Sergey Kolosov. Context_5 : Tatyana Ivanovna Gomolko (née Machigina in 1940, Russian: Татьяна Ивановна Мачигина (Гомолко) ) is a retired Russian rower who won two European titles, in 1967 and 1969. Her husband Nikolay Gomolko also competed internationally in rowing. Context_6 : Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (Russian: Мари́на Ива́новна Цвета́ева ; ] ; 8 October [O.S. 26 September] 1892 31 August 1941) was a Russian and Soviet poet. Her work is considered among some of the greatest in twentieth century Russian literature. She lived through and wrote of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Moscow famine that followed it. In an attempt to save her daughter Irina from starvation, she placed her in a state orphanage in 1919, where she died of hunger. Tsvetaeva left Russia in 1922 and lived with her family in increasing poverty in Paris, Berlin and Prague before returning to Moscow in 1939. Her husband Sergei Efron and her daughter Ariadna Efron (Alya) were arrested on espionage charges in 1941; and her husband was executed. Tsvetaeva committed suicide in 1941. As a lyrical poet, her passion and daring linguistic experimentation mark her as a striking chronicler of her times and the depths of the human condition. Context_7 : Helena Ivanovna Roerich (born "Shaposhnikova") (Russian: Елéна Ивáновна Рéрих ; February 12, 1879 – October 5, 1955) was a Russian philosopher, writer, and public figure. In the early 20th century, she created, in cooperation with the Teachers of the East, a philosophic teaching of Living Ethics ("Agni Yoga"). She was an organizer and participant of cultural activity in the U.S., conducted under the guidance of her husband, Nicholas Roerich. Along with her husband, she took part in expeditions of hard-to-reach and little-investigated regions of Central Asia. She was an Honorary President-Founder of the Institute of Himalayan Studies "Urusvati" in India and co-author of the idea of the International Treaty for Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historical Monuments (Roerich’s Pact). She translated two volumes of the "Secret Doctrine" of H. P. Blavatsky, and also selected Mahatma’s Letters ("Cup of the East"), from English to Russian. Context_8 : Rufina Ivanovna Pukhova (Russian: Руфина Ивановна Пухова ; born 1 September 1932) is a Russian memoir writer. She was the last wife of Kim Philby, a KGB double agent who rose in rank through British Intelligence along with the Cambridge Five. She met Philby through George Blake. Pukhova and Philby married in 1971. She is the author of "The Private Life of Kim Philby: The Moscow Years" (2000). Pukhova was born in Moscow to a Russian father and a Polish mother. Context_9 : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963. He served as both an NKVD and KGB operative. Context_10 : Anumarana or Anugamana refers to ancient Indian practice of Voluntary death by self-immolation by widowed Hindu women, some time after death of her husband. Anumarana was practiced usually by the widowed wives, when learnt of husband's death at battlefield or elsewhere and he had been already cremated. The widow then resolves to take away her life and immolated herself with husband's ashes or padukas or other such memento. The practice of Anumarana is mentioned in Kamasutra. In Mahabharata, we find mention of Anumarana practiced by widows of Kshatriyas on rare occasions. The practice has been described to be prevalent northern India and had existed before the Gupta empire. Interestingly, as per customs prevalent the Brahmin women were only permitted to die by "Sahamarana" and were not allowed the right of "anumarana"; however, non-Brahmin women could decide to immolate herself both by "sahamarana" or "anumarana" Anumarana was not comparable to later understandings of the practice of "sati", as in this widows did not self-immolate herself in funeral pyre of her husband. When a widow immolated herself with the husband's dead body, it was called "Sahamarana" or "Sahagamana" fact_1 : Rufina Ivanovna Pukhova (Russian: Руфина Ивановна Пухова ; born 1 September 1932) is a Russian memoir writer. fact_2 :  She was the last wife of Kim Philby, a KGB double agent who rose in rank through British Intelligence along with the Cambridge Five. fact_3 : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963. Question: When did the husband of Rufina Ivanovna Pukhova die?
Output (English): 11 May 1988