Task: Question Generation
Input (English): We sought to evaluate the incidence and nature of pulmonary stenosis after implantation of the bovine jugular vein graft (Contegra; Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) in the right ventricular outflow tract.', 'Between May 2000 and September 2002, 58 Contegra conduits (8-22 mm) were implanted during primary (n = 27) or redo operations (n = 31) in 57 patients, with ages ranging from 2 days to 48 years (mean, 9 years). Indications were truncus arteriosus (n = 16), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 28), pulmonary replacement in the Ross operation (n = 10), and Rastelli-type repair for double-outlet right ventricle (n = 4). Echocardiography was prospectively performed by a fixed team of investigators during follow-up (mean, 22.7 +/- 10 months). A peak gradient of greater than 50 mm Hg was considered severe stenosis.', 'Two patients died from Staphylococcus aureus -induced septicemia and enterococcal endocarditis after 12 days and 12 weeks, respectively. One patient died of heart failure caused by endocardial fibroelastosis after 1 year. Freedom from severe stenosis at the distal anastomosis was 91% +/- 3% at 3 months, 68% +/- 6% at 12 months, and 49% +/- 8% at 24 months. The risk of development of stenosis does not change over time. Younger age and its derivatives (graft size and indication) are significantly related to the occurrence of severe stenosis ( P < .0001). Seventeen (29%) conduits required an endovascular intervention (balloon dilatation or stent). Seven (12%) conduits were explanted (endocarditis, 2; stenosis, 5). Histologic analysis of the explanted conduits showed excessive proliferation of neointima at the level of the distal anastomosis. Valve regurgitation was observed in 9 (16%) conduits and was always secondary to dilatation in the presence of severe distal stenosis.
Output (English): Does the Contegra conduit in the right ventricular outflow tract induce supravalvular stenosis?