Task: Question Generation
Input (English): Context_1 : Philip Henry Terzian (born 1950) is an American journalist and has been Literary Editor of "The Weekly Standard," the well-known journal of politics and culture founded by William Kristol and Fred Barnes in 1995, since 2005. He is the author of "Architects of Power: Roosevelt, Eisenhower, and the American Century" (Encounter Books 2010). Context_2 : From the personal union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon until the accession of the first Bourbon monarch in 1700, the heir to the Spanish throne was the person closest to the Spanish monarch according to the male-preference cognatic primogeniture. From the accession of Philip of France as Philip V until the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, the heir to the Spanish throne was the person closest to the Spanish monarch according to the Salic law. Context_3 : Diopeithes (in Greek Διoπείθης; lived during the 4th century BC) was an Athenian general, probably father of the poet Menander, who was sent out to the Thracian Chersonese about 343 BC, at the head of a body of Athenian settlers or κληρoυχoι. Disputes having arisen about their boundaries between these settlers and the Cardians, the latter were supported, but not with arms in the first instance, by king Philip II of Macedon (359-336 BC), who, when the Athenians remonstrated, proposed that their quarrel with Cardia should be referred to arbitration. This proposal being indignantly rejected, Philip sent troops to the assistance of the Cardians, and Diopeithes retaliated by ravaging the maritime district of Thrace, which was subject to the Macedonians, while Philip was absent in the interior of the same country on his expedition against Teres and Cersobleptes. Philip sent a letter of remonstrance to Athens, and Diopeithes was arraigned by the Macedonian party, not only for his aggression on the king's territory, but also for the means to which he resorted for the support of his mercenaries. He was defended by Demosthenes in the oration, still extant, "On the Chersonese", 341 BC, and the defence was successful, for he was permitted to retain his command. After this, and probably during the war of Philip with Byzantium (340 BC), Diopeithes again invaded the Macedonian territory in Thrace, took the towns of Crobyle and Tiristasis and enslaved the inhabitants, and when an ambassador, named Amphilochus, came to negotiate for the release of the prisoners, he seized his person in defiance of all international law, and compelled him to pay nine talents for his ransom. The enmity of Diopeithes to Philip appears to have recommended him to the favour of the king of Persia Artaxerxes III, who, as we learn from Aristotle, sent him some valuable presents, which arrived just prior to his death. Context_4 : Laurentius Suslyga or Laurence Suslyga ("Polish": Wawrzyniec Suslyga) (1570–1640), was a Polish Jesuit historian, chronologist, and an author of Baroque visual poetry. He was the first person to claim that Jesus Christ was born in or before 4 BC, not in AD 1, as the Christian era would imply. Suslyga was thus questioning the Anno Domini chronology introduced by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525. Suslyga presented this theory in his 1605 doctoral thesis entitled "Theoremata de anno ortus et mortis Domini, deque universa Jesu Christi in carne oeconomia" at the University of Graz. Among other arguments, Suslyga's treatise included the following: Herod's son, Philip the Tetrarch, renamed a city (Bethsaida) after Augustus's biological daughter, Julia. Since she had been exiled from Rome by Augustus in 2 BC, Suslyga assumed that Philip must have renamed the city prior to that date, and Herod must have died prior to Philip's becoming a ruler, which pushes the Massacre of the Innocents at least 3, if not more, years before AD 1. Dionysius Exiguus' chronology did need to be questioned; his chronology did not even match the point of view of the early Christians. The Church Fathers generally believed that Jesus was born either in the 41st or 42nd year of the reign of Augustus (consulship, principate, etc.), that is in 3 or 2 BC. Context_5 : Philip Delano (c. 1603 – c. 1681-82) arrived in Plymouth Colony in November 1621 on the voyage of the ship "Fortune". He was about 18 years of age on arrival. "Mayflower" passenger Francis Cooke was his uncle with whom he may initially have resided. Philip Delano lived a long life in Plymouth Colony where he became a person of some note, being involved in numerous governmental activities such as civil commissions and juries. Among his early activities was in becoming a very young (investment) Purchaser in 1626 and making the first recorded land sale in Plymouth after the institution of private property. At his death it is believed he had become a person of some wealth. Context_6 : Alexander (Gr. Ἀλέξανδρος ) was commander of the cavalry in the army of Antigonus III Doson during the war against Cleomenes III of Sparta. He fought against Philopoemen, then a young man, whose prudence and valor forced him to a disadvantageous engagement at Sellasia. This Alexander is probably the same person as the one whom Antigonus, as the guardian of Philip (son of Demetrius II of Macedon), had appointed commander of Philip's body-guard, and who was slandered by Apelles. Subsequently he was sent by Philip as ambassador to Thebes, to persecute the Macedonian Megaleas. Polybius states that at all times he manifested a most extraordinary attachment to his king. Context_7 : Ami Koshimizu (小清水 亜美 , Koshimizu Ami , born February 15, 1986) is a Japanese voice actress and singer affiliated with Axlone management. She was born in Kokubunji, Tokyo. She was previously represented by Production Baobab until 2011. She voices in a number of lead roles in Japanese anime including: Nadja Applefield in "Ashita no Nadja", Leonmitchelli Galette Des Rois in "Dog Days", Yumi Hoshino in "KimiKiss: Pure Rouge", Takuto Hasegawa in "Magician's Academy", Nanaka Yatsushiro in "Myself ; Yourself", Himari Noihara in "Omamori Himari", Sailor Jupiter in "Sailor Moon Crystal", Nodoka Haramura in "Saki", Tenma Tsukamoto in "School Rumble", Holo in "Spice and Wolf", and Hibiki Hojo (Cure Melody) in "Suite PreCure". In 2007, she was awarded Best Actress in a supporting role at the 1st Seiyu Awards for her role as Kallen Stadtfeld in "Code Geass". In 2014, she visited Anime Expo as a guest of honor to promote "Kill la Kill" as starring character Ryuko Matoi. In video games she voices Agnès Oblige in "Bravely Default", Ibuki Mioda in "Danganronpa", Mai Shiranui since "KOF Sky Stage", Mist in "Rune Factory", Rimurisu in "Tears to Tiara", Rinka in the "Atelier" series, Rosa Ushiromiya in "", Tsuruhime in "Sengoku Basara", and Yukiko Amagi in "Persona 4". Context_8 : Kallen Esperian, born in Barrington, Illinois on (1961--) 8, 1961 (age 56 ) , is an Armenian-American lyric soprano. Context_9 : A dæmon is a type of fictional being in the Philip Pullman fantasy trilogy "His Dark Materials". Dæmons are the external physical manifestation of a person's 'inner-self' that takes the form of an animal. Dæmons have human intelligence, are capable of human speech—regardless of the form they take—and usually behave as though they are independent of their humans. Pre-pubescent children's dæmons can change form voluntarily, almost instantaneously, to become any creature, real or imaginary. During their adolescence a person's dæmon undergoes "settling", an event in which that person's dæmon permanently and involuntarily assumes the form of the animal which the person most resembles in character. Dæmons and their humans are almost always of different genders. Context_10 : Kitty Kallen (born Katie Kallen; May 25, 1921 – January 7, 2016) was an American popular singer whose career spanned from the 1930s to the 1960s, to include the Swing era of the Big Band years, the post-WWII pop scene and the early years of rock 'n roll. Kallen performed with popular big band leaders of the 1940s, including Jimmy Dorsey and Harry James, before establishing a solo career. fact_1 : Philip Henry Terzian (born 1950) is an American journalist and has been Literary Editor of "The Weekly Standard," the well-known journal of politics and culture founded by William Kristol and Fred Barnes in 1995, since 2005. fact_2 : Kallen Esperian, born in Barrington, Illinois on (1961--) 8, 1961 (age 56 ) , is an Armenian-American lyric soprano. Answer: Kallen Esperian
Output (English): Which person is a singer, Philip Terzian or Kallen Esperian?