Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Es war einmal ("Once upon a time") is a fairy-tale opera in a prologue and three acts by the Austrian composer Alexander von Zemlinsky. Its libretto, an adaptation of M. Von Borch's German translation of the fairy-tale play "Der var engang" by the Danish author Holger Drachmann, was written by Maximilian Singer. Context_2 : The Cherry Orchard (Russian: "Вишнëвый сад" , "Vishnevyi sad " ) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov. Written in 1903, it was first published by "Znaniye" (Book Two, 1904), and came out as a separate edition later that year in Saint Petersburg, via A.F. Marks Publishers. It opened at the Moscow Art Theatre on 17 January 1904 in a production directed by Konstantin Stanislavski. Chekhov described the play as a comedy, with some elements of farce, though Stanislavski treated it as a tragedy. Since its first production, directors have contended with its dual nature. It is often identified as one of the three or four outstanding plays by Chekhov, along with "The Seagull", "Three Sisters", and "Uncle Vanya". Context_3 : Isaac Alexander was a German author. He lived in South Germany in the second half of the 18th century, and wrote on philosophical subjects from a rationalistic point of view. His works include: "Von dem Dasein Gottes, die Selbstredende Vernunft," Ratisbon, 1775; "Anmerkungen über die Erste Geschichte der Menschheit nach dem Zeugnisse Mosis," Nuremberg, 1782; "Vereinigung der Mosaischen Gesetze mit dem Talmud," Ratisbon, 1786; "Einheitsgedichte," a German translation of the "Shir ha-Yiḥud," Ratisbon, 1788; "Abhandlung von der Freiheit des Menschen," and "Kleine Schriften," Ratisbon, 1789. Context_4 : Dr Jody Byrne is an Irish translation scholar and translator who specialises in scientific and technical translation from German and Spanish into English. He is best known as the author of "Technical Translation: Usability Strategies for Translating Technical Documents" (Springer, 2006) and "Scientific and Technical Translation Explained" (St Jerome, 2012). Byrne taught German translation at Dublin City University and was a Lecturer in Translation Studies & Localisation at the University of Sheffield. While at Dublin City University he became interested in scientific and technical translation and he subsequently went on to conduct doctoral research involving human cognition and the usability of translated software user guides. He has published on a range of topics including technical translation, professional translation, technical communication and translation pedagogy. Context_5 : Matti Rönkä (born 9 September 1959) is a Finnish TV journalist and novelist. He received the Glass Key award in 2007 for the crime novel "Ystävät kaukana" and the "Deutscher Krimi Preis" third prize in 2008 for the German translation of his novel "Tappajan näköinen mies" (2002) (German: "Der Grenzgänger" ). He has been the anchor of the daily news program "8:30 National Report" since 2003 on Yle, thus inheriting the nickname "Suomen ääni" (English: "The Voice of Finland") from the program's old host Arvi Lind. Context_6 : Der Kirschgarten (The Cherry Orchard) is an opera in four acts by the Swiss composer Rudolf Kelterborn. The German-language libretto was written by the composer and is based on Gudrun Düwel's German translation of Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard". The opera was composed between 1979 and 1981 and premiered on 4 December 1984 at the Zürich Opera House to inaugurate the newly renovated theatre. The premiere production was conducted by Ralf Weikert and directed by Nikolaus Lehnhoff. Evelyn Lear created the pivotal role of Ranevskaya. Context_7 : Otto Jolle Matthijs Jolles (1911–1968) performed a major service to strategic studies in the United States by providing the first American translation of Carl von Clausewitz's "magnum opus", "On War". Jolles himself is a bit obscure to students of military affairs, largely because his translation of "On War" was his only published effort in that field. Even his nationality has been misidentified—he has been variously identified as Hungarian, Czech, and Dutch. Military historian Jay Luvaas once quoted an unidentified Israeli professor as saying "whereas the first English translation was by an Englishman who did not know German, the 1943 American translation was by a Hungarian who did not know English." There is little in the Jolles translation to warrant such a comment. In the field of German literature, Jolles is quite well known, especially for his work on Friedrich Schiller. Most of his published work, however, is in German. Context_8 : Der Sturm (The tempest) is a German-language opera in three acts by the Swiss composer Frank Martin to a libretto based on the Schlegel/Tieck German translation of Shakespeare's play "The Tempest". It was premiered at the Vienna State Opera in 1955. The role of Prospero was originally conceived for Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, but illness prevented him participating. Context_9 : Der König Kandaules ("King Kandaules") is an opera in three acts by the Austrian composer Alexander von Zemlinsky. Its libretto was adapted by the composer from Franz Blei's German translation of the play "Le roi Candaule" by French author André Gide. Context_10 : Henny Koch (22 September 1854 – 13 June 1925) was a translator and a German children's author. She was born in Alsfeld, Grand Duchy of Hesse. From 1898 on, she lived in Jugenheim an der Bergstraße in Hessia, Germany, where she died in 1925. She produced the first German translation of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1890. Henny Koch wrote 29 books, mainly for young girls. Her books were published in eight countries. Her most successful work was a series of novels, beginning with Papas Junge, in which you can accompany the protagonist through her life as a young girl, a mother and grandmother. A film has been made based on this novel Il birichino di papà, Italy, 1943, directed by Raffaello Matarazzo with music by Nino Rota. fact_1 :  The German-language libretto was written by the composer and is based on Gudrun Düwel's German translation of Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard". fact_2 : The Cherry Orchard (Russian: "Вишнëвый сад" , "Vishnevyi sad " ) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov. Question: Der Kirschgarten is based on the German translation of the play by the playwright of what nationality?
Output (English): Russian