Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice. An Introduction to a Subject Which the Spanish War Has Brought into Overwhelming Prominence is a book written by the German anarchist Rudolf Rocker. Its first edition (158 pages) was published by Secker and Warburg, London in 1938 and was translated from Ray E. Chase. Rocker penned this political and philosophical work in 1937, at the behest of Emma Goldman, as an introduction to the ideals fueling the Spanish social revolution and resistance to capitalism and fascism the world over. Within, Rocker offers an introduction to anarchist ideas, a history of the international workers' movement, and an outline of the syndicalist strategies and tactics embraced at the time (direct action, sabotage and the general strike). The Pluto Press and the newest AK Press editions including a lengthy introduction by Nicolas Walter and a preface by Noam Chomsky. Context_2 : Pavel Yeliseyevich Agafonov (Russian: Павел Елисеевич Агафонов;1907-?) was a Soviet military pilot who flew during the Spanish Civil War. He was under the command of Pavel Rychagov. During the Spanish Civil War, he used the pseudonyms "Akhmed Amba" and "Pedro Jimenez". For his service in the Spanish Civil War he was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner. Agafonov claimed eight victories during the war. Context_3 : The Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War, known as Spanish fighters (Croatian: "Španjolski borci" , Slovene: "Španski borci" , Serbian: Шпански борци/Španski borci ) and Yugoslav brigadistas (Spanish: "brigadistas yugoslavos" ), was a contingent of volunteers from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that fought beside the Republican side (in support of the Second Spanish Republic) in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). An estimated 1,664 "Yugoslav brigadistas" fought in the war, out of whom c. 800 were killed in action. According to the Spanish statistics, 148 Yugoslav volunteers received the officer rank during the conflict. Context_4 : Angela Jackson, (born 1946) is a Doctor in history. The doctoral thesis of Angela Jackson, "British Women and the Spanish Civil War" was published the 2002 for the publisher Routledge of London. Next Jackson wrote "Further of the field of battle: Witness, memory and record of one hatches hospital in the Spanish Civil War", in the Catalan language and in English. Based on this research, in the year 2007 she published her next novel, "Warm Earth". Jackson currently lives in Priorat, where she continues to be involved in the conservation of the historical memory of the war, especially the historical facts and the memory of the period of the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War (1931–39) in the region of Priorat. Jackson's second book with Cossetània is "The Brigades strictly between ourselves". Context_5 : The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: "Guerra Civil Española" ), widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War (Spanish: "Guerra Civil" ) or The War (Spanish: "La Guerra" ), took place from 1936 to 1939. The Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning and relatively urban Second Spanish Republic, in an alliance of convenience with the Anarchists, fought against the Nationalists, a Falangist, Carlist, and largely aristocratic conservative group led by General Francisco Franco. Although the war is often portrayed as a struggle between democracy and fascism, some historians believe it should more accurately be described as a struggle between leftist revolution and rightist counter-revolution. Ultimately, the Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975. Context_6 : The final offensive of the Spanish Civil War took place between 26 March and 1 April 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War. On 5 March 1939, the Republican Army led by Colonel Segismundo Casado and the politician Julián Besteiro rose against the Socialist prime minister Juan Negrín and formed a military junta, the National Defence Council ("Consejo Nacional de Defensa" or "CND") in order to negotiate a peace deal. Negrín fled to France but the Communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a civil war within the civil war. Casado defeated them and started peace negotiations with the Nationalists. Francisco Franco, however, was prepared to accept only an unconditional surrender. On 26 March the Nationalists started a general offensive and by 31 March they controlled all Spanish territory. Hundreds of thousands of Republicans were arrested and interned in concentration camps. Context_7 : The Spanish Revolution was a workers' social revolution that began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and resulted in the widespread implementation of anarchist and more broadly libertarian socialist organizational principles throughout various portions of the country for two to three years, primarily Catalonia, Aragon, Andalusia, and parts of the Valencian Community. Much of the economy of Spain was put under worker control; in anarchist strongholds like Catalonia, the figure was as high as 75%, but lower in areas with heavy influence by the Communist Party of Spain. Factories were run through worker committees, agrarian areas became collectivized and run as libertarian socialist communes. Even places like hotels, barber shops, and restaurants were collectivized and managed by their workers. Context_8 : The background of the Spanish Civil War dates back to the end of the 19th century, when the owners of large estates, called "latifundia", held most of the power in a land-based oligarchy. The landowners' power was unsuccessfully challenged by the industrial and merchant sectors. In 1868 popular uprisings led to the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of the House of Bourbon. In 1873 Isabella's replacement, King Amadeo I of the House of Savoy, abdicated due to increasing political pressure, and the short-lived First Spanish Republic was proclaimed. After the restoration of the Bourbons in December 1874, Carlists and anarchists emerged in opposition to the monarchy. Alejandro Lerroux helped bring republicanism to the fore in Catalonia, where poverty was particularly acute. Growing resentment of conscription and of the military culminated in the Tragic Week in Barcelona in 1909. After the First World War, the working class, the industrial class, and the military united in hopes of removing the corrupt central government, but were unsuccessful. Fears of communism grew. A military coup brought Miguel Primo de Rivera to power in 1923, and he ran Spain as a military dictatorship. Support for his regime gradually faded, and he resigned in January 1930. There was little support for the monarchy in the major cities, and King Alfonso XIII abdicated; the Second Spanish Republic was formed, whose power would remain until the culmination of the Spanish Civil War. Monarchists would continue to oppose the Republic. Context_9 : Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores was a Latin American anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation, founded in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1929 (other sources say 1928). It functioned as the Latin American branch of the International Workers Association. The organization failed to make a significant impact as anarcho-syndicalism lost terrain in the Latin American labour movement during the 1930s, a trend that could not be reversed even after the arrival of exiled Spanish FAI members after their defeat in the Spanish Civil War. It dissolved in 1936. Context_10 : Julián Gómez García-Ribera, better known as Julián Gorkin (January 1901, Benifairó de les Valls - 8 August 1987, Paris) was a Spanish revolutionary socialist, and a central leader of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) during the Spanish Civil War. He was also a writer of many books on political and cultural themes, as well as novels and some plays. After the Spanish Civil War, he escaped to Mexico where he became a part of the strong anti-Stalinist socialist community there. He helped obtain visas for Victor Serge and his son Vlady to enter Mexico when they had to escape from the Nazis invading France. fact_1 :  Rocker penned this political and philosophical work in 1937, at the behest of Emma Goldman, as an introduction to the ideals fueling the Spanish social revolution and resistance to capitalism and fascism the world over. fact_2 : The Spanish Revolution was a workers' social revolution that began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and resulted in the widespread implementation of anarchist and more broadly libertarian socialist organizational principles throughout various portions of the country for two to three years, primarily Catalonia, Aragon, Andalusia, and parts of the Valencian Community. Question: Anarcho-Syndicalism helped to spark what event which took place during the Spanish Civil War?
Output (English): The Spanish Revolution