Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : The Globotype is a colour display for telecommunications. It was invented and patented by David McCallum of Stonehouse, Devon, England. The device features very low cost and does not use consumable supplies. It is Royal Letters Patent No. 2924 issued December 29, 1855. The design and coding used is described in "Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications", Volume 2, pages 461 and 462. Mr. McCallum invented the Globotype in response to the use of printing telegraph machines which he saw as both expensive and unneeded. Context_2 : In computer science CDR coding is a compressed data representation for Lisp linked lists. It was developed and patented by the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and implemented in computer hardware in a number of Lisp machines derived from the MIT CADR. Context_3 : Sababbi Mangal born November 13, 1987 is an Indian author, Inventor and a Memory Trainer based at Bathinda, Punjab. In 2007, Sababbi invented Unlimited Years Calendar from 0001 to infinity. based on coding system. Sababbi has been working as a professional memory trainer and writer since 2007 and has authored seven Memory Enhancement Titles. His first book, Memorise Unlimited Years Calendar in One Hour was published in the year 2008. Later he published Be the Memory Champion, i-Memory the Guruitself followed by a series of 3 Books titled ‘Memory Mechanism’, ‘Advance Mnemonics’ and ‘Vedic Arithmetic’. Context_4 : Autocode is the name of a family of "simplified coding systems", later called programming languages, devised in the 1950s and 1960s for a series of digital computers at the Universities of Manchester, Cambridge and London. Autocode was a generic term; the autocodes for different machines were not necessarily closely related as are, for example, the different versions of the single language FORTRAN. Context_5 : The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication. Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II. Several different Enigma models were produced, but the German military models, having a plugboard, were the most complex. Japanese and Italian models were also in use. Context_6 : Modified Frequency Modulation, commonly MFM, is a run-length limited (RLL) coding scheme used to encode the actual data-bits on most floppy disks. It was first introduced in disk drives with the IBM 3330 hard disk drive in 1970. Floppy disk drive hardware examples include Amiga, most CP/M machines as well as IBM PC compatibles. Context_7 : Modified Huffman coding is used in fax machines to encode black on white images (bitmaps). It combines the variable length codes of Huffman coding with the coding of repetitive data in run-length encoding. Context_8 : Golomb coding is a lossless data compression method using a family of data compression codes invented by Solomon W. Golomb in the 1960s. Alphabets following a geometric distribution will have a Golomb code as an optimal prefix code, making Golomb coding highly suitable for situations in which the occurrence of small values in the input stream is significantly more likely than large values. Context_9 : Eva Salier, née Hellendag, (1923 – August 12, 2014). A survivor of the Nazi Holocaust. She has written a book about her experience during her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit", a summation of the hardships suffered by her s mall group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved from secret site to secret site where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the enigma coding machine and V-2 guidance systems. As she tells the story, she worked in the first solid state transistors that would replace the tubes in the guidance system of the V-2. But this has never seen the light of day. The book was also translated into German as "Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin" and as "Ungebrochen durch die Hölle" Context_10 : CCITT Group 4 compression, also referred to as G4 or Modified Modified READ (MMR), is a lossless method of image compression used in Group 4 fax machines defined in the ITU-T T.6 fax standard. It is only used for bitonal (black and white) images. Group 4 compression is based on the Group 3 two-dimensional compression scheme (G3-2D), also known as Modified READ, which is in turn based on the Group 3 one-dimensional compression scheme (G3), also known as Modified Huffman coding. Group 4 compression is available in many proprietary image file formats as well as standardized formats such as TIFF, CALS, CIT (Intergraph Raster Type 24) and the PDF document format. fact_1 :  She has written a book about her experience during her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit", a summation of the hardships suffered by her s mall group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved from secret site to secret site where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the enigma coding machine and V-2 guidance systems. fact_2 :  Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Question: The coding machines Eva Salier worked on during the Holocaust were invented by whom?
Output (English): Arthur Scherbius