Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Américo Paredes (September 3, 1915 – May 5, 1999) was a Mexican-American author born in Brownsville, Texas who authored several texts focusing on the border life that existed between the United States and Mexico, particularly around the Rio Grande region of South Texas. His family on his father’s side, however, had been in the Americas since 1580. His ancestors were "sefarditas", or Spanish Jews who had been converted to Christianity, and in 1749 - along with Escandon - they settled in the lower Rio Grande. The year of Paredes’ birth was the year of the last Texas Mexican Uprising, which was to portend the life Paredes was to lead. Throughout his long career as a journalist, folklorist and professor, Paredes was to bring focus to his Mexican American heritage, and the beauty of those traditions. Context_2 : Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on the sense of "I" (sense of self in relation to the external world), consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics. Hofstadter's book "Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid", first published in 1979, won both the Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction Context_3 : Tyne O'Connell (full name Clementyne Rose O'Connell) is an English author born in Windsor, who lives and works in Mayfair, London. Mayfair serves as a backdrop for much of her contemporary women's fiction, including "Making The A list" (Headline Review, 1999) and "Sex With The Ex" (Red Dress Ink UK, 2004). She has written for publications such as "Ms.", "Elle UK" and "Journal". Her short stories appear in "Girls' Night Out" and "Kid's Night In". She is a contributor to "Holiday Goddess". O'Connell is The Eccentrics Club's (whose patron is HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh), "Most Eccentric Thinker of the Year" 2015. <br><br>Bloomsbury USA published a compilation of O'Connell's YA fiction 'Royal Match' and 'Royal Mess' in 2012 to coincide with the Royal Wedding. Soon after O'Connell was diagnosed with a brain tumour and began writing her history of eccentricity as a quintessential aspect of the British and Irish character. CNN Style in its documentary 'The Adorned' describes O'Connell "The Mayfair-based author and socialite seems to have been torn straight from the pages of an Evelyn Waugh novel; with her cut-glass accent, perma-fixed tiara and layers of pearls. Context_4 : Barbara Cleverly is a British author born in Northern England and a former teacher. She graduated from Durham University and now works in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk. She is known for her "Detective Joe Sandilands Mystery" series, of which she has written twelve books, and her "Laetitia Talbot Mystery" series. Shortlisted in 1999, Cleverly received the Crime Writers Association Ellis Peters Historical Dagger award in 2004. "The Last Kashmiri Rose" was a "New York Times Notable Book". She currently lives in Cambridge, England. Context_5 : Richard Marsh (12 October 1857 – 9 August 1915) was the pseudonym of the English author born Richard Bernard Heldmann. A best-selling and prolific author of the late 19th century and the Edwardian period, Marsh is best known now for his supernatural thriller novel "The Beetle", which was published the same year as Bram Stoker's "Dracula" (1897), and was initially even more popular. "The Beetle" remained in print until 1960. Marsh produced nearly 80 volumes of fiction and numerous short stories, in genres including horror, crime, romance and humour. Many of these have been republished recently, beginning with "The Beetle" in 2004. Marsh's grandson Robert Aickman was a notable writer of short "strange stories". Context_6 : The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals is a nonfiction book written by American author Michael Pollan published in 2006. In the book, Pollan asks the seemingly straightforward question of what we should have for dinner. As omnivores, the most unselective eaters, humans are faced with a wide variety of food choices, resulting in a dilemma. Pollan suggests that, prior to modern food preservation and transportation technologies, this particular dilemma was resolved primarily through cultural influences. These technologies have recreated the dilemma, by making available foods that were previously seasonal or regional. The relationship between food and society, once moderated by culture, now finds itself confused. To learn more about those choices, Pollan follows each of the food chains that sustain us; industrial food, organic food, and food we forage ourselves; from the source to a final meal, and in the process writes a critique of the American way of eating. Context_7 : Laura Frankos-Turtledove is an American author born February 9, 1960. She has written mysteries, fantasy and science fiction stories. She has published one mystery novel, "Saint Oswald's Niche", which is currently out of print, and "The Broadway Musical Quiz Book". Frankos also writes the Broadway history column "The Great White Wayback Machine" and has published numerous trivia quizzes about Broadway plays. Context_8 : In the platonia dilemma introduced in Douglas Hofstadter's book "Metamagical Themas", an eccentric trillionaire gathers 20 people together, and tells them that if one and only one of them sends him a telegram (reverse charges) by noon the next day, that person will receive a billion dollars. If he receives more than one telegram, or none at all, no one will get any money, and cooperation between players is forbidden. In this situation, the superrational thing to do is to send a telegram with probability 1/20. Context_9 : Katherine Elizabeth Krohn (born 1961) is an American author born in Bitburg, Germany to American-born parents. Krohn is a prolific writer of books for children and young adults. Writing for young reader's series such as USA Today Lifeline Biographies and A&E Biography (published by Lerner Publishing Group), her works include many well-reviewed titles, such as the Carter G. Woodson Honor Book "Ella Fitzgerald: First Lady of Song", and the Oregon Book Award contender "Women of the Wild West". In recent years, Krohn ventured from the biographical format to create graphic science and graphic history titles for Capstone Press and Gale Cengage Learning. She has authored metaphysical titles about fortune-telling and ghosts, fiction, and books about contemporary social issues. Context_10 : Russell Davis (born 1970) is an American author born in Missouri. His publications include more than 20 novels and 30 short stories. Davis, who writes in many genres, was the president of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) from 2008–2010, and a member of the Western Writers of America (WWA). He has also worked as an editor and book packager. fact_1 : In the platonia dilemma introduced in Douglas Hofstadter's book "Metamagical Themas", an eccentric trillionaire gathers 20 people together, and tells them that if one and only one of them sends him a telegram (reverse charges) by noon the next day, that person will receive a billion dollars. fact_2 : Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on the sense of "I" (sense of self in relation to the external world), consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics. Question: The Platonia Dilemma was introduced in the book "Metamagical Themas" which was written by an author born in what year?
Output (English): 1945