Task: Question Generation
Input (English): Context_1 : United States v. Motion Picture Patents Co. , 225 F. 800 (D.N.J. 1915), was a civil antitrust prosecution overlapping to some extent with the issues in the decision in the Supreme Court's "Motion Picture Patents" case. After the trial court found that the defendants violated §§ 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act by establishing control over "trade in films, cameras, projecting machines, and other accessories of the motion picture business," by their patent licensing practices and other conduct, they appealed to the Supreme Court. After the Supreme Court's 1917 decision in "Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Mfg. Co.", however, the parties dismissed the appeal by stipulation (mutual agreement) in 1918' that decision had made the defendants' appeal futile. Context_2 : Lindsay Dee Lohan (born July 2, 1986) is an American actress and singer. Lohan began her career as a child fashion model when she was three, and was later featured on the soap opera "Another World" for a year when she was 10. At age 11, Lohan made her motion picture debut in Disney's commercially and critically successful 1998 remake of "The Parent Trap". Her next major motion picture, Disney's 2003 remake of "Freaky Friday", was also a critical and commercial success. With the release of "Mean Girls" (2004), another critical and commercial success, and Disney's "" (2005), another commercial success, Lohan became a teen idol sensation, a household name and a frequent focus of paparazzi and tabloids. However, Lohan's next starring role in the romantic comedy "Just My Luck" (2006), received poor reviews and was only a modest commercial success. Following "Just My Luck," Lohan focused on smaller, more mature roles in independent movies, receiving positive comments on her work, including "A Prairie Home Companion" (2006), "Bobby" (2006) and "Chapter 27" (2007). Context_3 : Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical "Showboat". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's "Beauty and the Beast", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of "Beauty and the Beast", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, "" and "Belle's Magical World". Context_4 : Manfish is a 1956 adventure film, released by United Artists in 1956 and originally filmed in DeLuxe Color. Filmed in Jamaica, it was released in Great Britain as "Calypso". It was based on the stories "The Gold-Bug" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" by Edgar Allan Poe. Actor John Bromfield starred as Captain Brannigan and Lon Chaney Jr. played the role of Swede. The leading female star was Tessa Prendergast, who played Alita. Tessa later became a fashion designer and designed the white bikini of Ursula Andress for "Dr. No". The film also featured the motion picture debut of Barbara Nichols. Context_5 : Barbara Marie Nickerauer (December 10, 1928 – October 5, 1976), better known as Barbara Nichols, was an American actress who often played brassy or comic roles in films in the 1950s and 1960s. Context_6 : "Galgale Nighale" is one of the greatest Marathi motion picture discharged in 2008. It had everything required for any Marathi motion picture to be effective. To begin with it is a comic drama motion picture. Film featured the two greatest satire performing artists Bharat Jadhav and Siddharth Jadhav in Marathi silver screen. Them two are certain shot group puller. Bharat Jadhav's Character "Galgale" is lifted from a mainstream play "Sahi re Sahi" played by Bharat himself. This play and character Galgale is among the unsurpassed top in the fame graph. So there was substantially more interest in individuals in what manner will character Galgale will advance. At that point this is Kedar shinde's film, who had splendid past record. At that point Siddharth Jadhav is in negative part first time in his vocation. At that point the film is exhibited by Zee Talkies. This one is their third motion picture after "Sade Made Tin", and "De Dhakka". Like these two motion picture Zee talkies ensured "Galgale" will discharge in greatest theaters in Maharashtra, which is greatest errand for any Marathi producers. So this motion picture expected to have everything in it to be fruitful engaging film. Gori Gauri Mandavakhali is the superhit song from this film Galgale Nighale sung by Vaishali Samant and Anand Shinde. Context_7 : The Battle is a 1911 American war film directed by D. W. Griffith. The film was set during the American Civil War. It was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century. Prints of the film survive in several film archives around the world including the Museum of Modern Art, UCLA Film and Television Archive, George Eastman House and the Filmoteca Española. It was Lionel Barrymore's motion picture debut. Context_8 : Ladybug Ladybug is a 1963 American motion picture directed by Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Frank Perry. The film is a commentary on the psychological effects of the Cold War, the title deriving from the classic nursery rhyme. It was the motion picture debut of William Daniels, Estelle Parsons and Jane Connell. Context_9 : Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996) is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film. Context_10 : The Chicago film industry is a central hub for motion picture production and exhibition that was established before Hollywood became the undisputed capital of film making. In the early 1900s, Chicago boasted the greatest number of production companies and filmmakers. Essanay Studios founded by George K. Spoor was one of the earliest successful studios to produce movies in Chicago, employing stars such as Charlie Chaplin and Gloria Swanson. Actor and co-founder of Essanay Studios "Broncho Billie" Anderson gave birth to the western genre. Early film companies such as Essanay Studios produced multiple silent films every week and rented viewing equipment to showcase the latest cinematography to the public. This rental culture gave birth to the popularity of Nickelodeons up until the Great Depression. However, due to the high demand for motion pictures during this time, a black market for films and equipment developed. The Motion Picture Patents Company, established in 1909 as a conglomerate of the major studios, sought to eliminate all illegal use of patented film equipment. As a result, independent ventures entered the film scene. Independents drove the film industry to the west to avoid legal trouble with the trust of major film companies united under the Motion Picture Patents Company. The west offered fairer weather and scenery that better accommodated film making. Not until the 1980s and early 21st century has Chicago experienced a film production revival. Blockbusters, such as "Blues Brothers", "Sixteen Candles", and "The Dark Knight", have rejuvenated the Chicago film scene. In the 21st century, Chicago further experienced a film revival due to a tax bill the state of Illinois passed to give filmmakers a 30% tax break on production costs. fact_1 :  The film also featured the motion picture debut of Barbara Nichols. fact_2 : Barbara Marie Nickerauer (December 10, 1928 – October 5, 1976), better known as Barbara Nichols, was an American actress who often played brassy or comic roles in films in the 1950s and 1960s. Answer: 1928
Output (English): What is the birth year of the actress who made her motion picture debut in Manfish in 1956?