Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Here Northumbria is taken to mean Northumberland, the northernmost county of England, and County Durham. This area, together with Tweeddale, was the ancient British tribal kingdom of Bernicia (Bryneich) and is notable for the stable ancestry of its present indigenous population, which has been identified by DNA analysis to be an offshoot of the group Scotland, Cumbria and the North of Ireland, but not so closely related to the other peoples of the UK. The area was the core of the outstanding artistic culture that developed during the Northumbrian Golden Age of the 7th and 8th centuries; it would be unwise to suggest that the area did not have a flourishing musical culture at that time, or that it was not of similar sophistication - Bede makes reference to the playing of the harp. The traditional music of this area may be a tangible legacy of the Bernicians - given that little is known of the antiquity of Northumbrian music; though traditional Northumbrian instruments would have had their limitations. However, much surviving early modern Northumbrian music is similar in form to the music of the Scottish Lowlands, so Northumberland's position on the cultural frontier between England and Scotland has played a significant role. The modern era has seen Northumbrian traditional music artificially pigeon holed into national divisions, into which Northumbrian music simply will not fit. Likewise, the crude assumption that the font of all music of substance was in the west and north of the British isles has undermined considered appreciation of the local repertoire.The region possesses a distinctive style of folk music with a strong and continuing tradition. The region is particularly noted for its tradition of border ballads, the Northumbrian smallpipe (a form of bagpipe unique to north-east England) and also a strong fiddle tradition in the region that was already well established in the 1690s. Northumbrian music is characterised by considerable influence from other regions (and vice versa), particularly southern Scotland and other parts of the north of England. Irish tunes are also much played in the region, as they are elsewhere. There has been a continuous tradition of traditional and distinctive Northumbrian styles since the 18th century – there have also been 'revivals' in the late nineteenth century and again in the mid-twentieth. More recently, Northumbrian folk music, and particularly the use of the Northumbrian pipes, has become one of the liveliest and most widely known forms of folk music in Britain. Context_2 : Freybug is a monstrous Black Dog from medieval English folklore, specifically from Norfolk. Like most supernatural black dogs, it was roughly the size of a calf, and wandered country roads terrifying travelers. The name "Freybug" is reportedly mentioned in an English manuscript from 1555. Context_3 : In Northern English folklore, the Barghest or Barguest is a mythical monstrous black dog with large teeth and claws, though in other cases the name can refer to a ghost or household elf, especially in Northumberland and Durham, such as the Cauld Lad of Hylton. Context_4 : A brownie/brounie or urisk (Lowland Scots) or "brùnaidh", "ùruisg", or "gruagach" (Scottish Gaelic) is a mythical household spirit from English and Scottish folklore. Brownies are especially popular in the North. In this region, brownies are commonly conflated with hobs. A brownie is the Scottish and Northern English counterpart of the Scandinavian "tomte", the Slavic "domovoi" and the German "Heinzelmännchen". Context_5 : A bogle, boggle, or bogill is a Northumbrian and Scots term for a ghost or folkloric being, used for a variety of related folkloric creatures including Shellycoats, Barghests, Brags, the Hedley Kow and even giants such as those associated with Cobb's Causey (also known as "ettins", "yetuns" or "yotuns" in Northumberland and "Etenes", "Yttins" or "Ytenes" in the South and South West). They are reputed to live for the simple purpose of perplexing mankind, rather than seriously harming or serving them. Context_6 : Black Dog (1780 - 1848) was a notable chief of the Osage Nation. This man was the father of a son who was also named Black Dog and who was an Osage chief during the second half of the 19th Century. Many sources refer to the father as Black Dog I and the son as Black Dog II (1827-1910). The son reportedly became chief in 1870. Context_7 : In the "Dungeons & Dragons" fantasy roleplaying game, the barghest ( ) is a type of fictional monster. The barghest is portrayed as a goblin-like creature that comes from the plane of Gehenna to feed on humans. These evil creatures can change form to appear as a dog or wolf, or a large goblin at will. The barghest was introduced in "The Dragon" magazine, and then the first edition "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons" game's original "Monster Manual II", and then continued to appear in the game's second edition, third edition, and fourth edition. Context_8 : Boggart is one of numerous related terms used in English folklore for either a household spirit or a malevolent "genius loci" inhabiting fields, marshes or other topographical features. Other names of this group include "bug", "bugbear", "bogey", "bogeyman", "bogle", etc., presumably all derived from (or related to) Old English "pūcel", Irish púca and Welsh "bwg" with the same meaning (itself a probable loan from the English "bug"). Context_9 : The Northumbrian language or Northumbria English is an English language or dialect of English (""Northumbrian Language"" may only refer to the broadly spoken Northumbrian whereas Northumbrian English may just refer to the Standard English as spoken in Northumbria and featuring various Northumbrian words and forms), and a variant of Northern English with the Geordie dialect being one of the subsets of Northumbrian the others being Northern (north of the River Coquet), Western (from Allendale through Hexham up to Kielder), Southern or Pitmatic (the mining towns such as Ashington and much of Durham) Mackem (Wearside), Smoggie (Teesside) and possibly also Tyke (Yorkshire). It is spoken mainly if not exclusively in the modern day counties of Northumberland and Durham. Whilst all sharing similarities to the more famous Geordie dialect and most of the time not distinguishable by non-native speakers, there are a few differences between said dialects not only between them and Geordie but also each other. Context_10 : Pitmatic (originally "pitmatical"), also colloquially known as "yakka", is a dialect of English used in the counties of Northumberland and Durham in England. It developed as a separate dialect from Northumbrian and Geordie partly due to the specialised terms used by mineworkers in the local coal pits. For example, in Northumberland and Tyne and Wear the word "Cuddy" is an abbreviation of the name "Cuthbert" but in Durham Pitmatic "cuddy" denotes a horse, specifically a pit pony. In Lowland Scots, "cuddie" usually refers to a donkey or ass but may also denote a short, thick, strong horse. fact_1 : A bogle, boggle, or bogill is a Northumbrian and Scots term for a ghost or folkloric being, used for a variety of related folkloric creatures including Shellycoats, Barghests, Brags, the Hedley Kow and even giants such as those associated with Cobb's Causey (also known as "ettins", "yetuns" or "yotuns" in Northumberland and "Etenes", "Yttins" or "Ytenes" in the South and South West). fact_2 : In Northern English folklore, the Barghest or Barguest is a mythical monstrous black dog with large teeth and claws, though in other cases the name can refer to a ghost or household elf, especially in Northumberland and Durham, such as the Cauld Lad of Hylton. Question: A bogle, boggle, or bogill is a Northumbrian and Scots term for a ghost or folkloric being, used for a variety of related folkloric creatures including Barghest, n Northern English folklore, the Barghest or Barguest is a mythical monstrous black dog with large teeth and claws, though in other cases the name can refer to a ghost or household elf, especially in Northumberland and Durham, such as which location?
Output (English): Cauld Lad of Hylton