Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : Barbara Jacak () is a nuclear physicist who uses heavy ion collisions for fundamental studies of hot, dense nuclear matter. She is Director of the Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a professor of Physics at UC Berkeley. Before going to Berkeley, she was a member of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University, where she held the rank of Distinguished Professor. She is a leading member of the collaboration that built and operates the PHENIX detector, one of the large detectors currently operating at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and was involved in the discovery of the quark gluon plasma and its strongly coupled, liquid-like behavior. Throughout her career she has served on many advisory committees and boards including the National Research Council Committee on Nuclear Physics, and the Physical Review C Editorial Board. Context_2 : John Wawrzynek is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California at Berkeley. He holds a joint appointment with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and is the Chief Faculty Director of the Berkeley Wireless Research Center, Context_3 : The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL or LBL), commonly referred to as Berkeley Lab, is a United States national laboratory located in the Berkeley Hills near Berkeley, California that conducts scientific research on behalf of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). It is managed and operated by the University of California. The laboratory overlooks the University of California, Berkeley's main campus. Context_4 : Yasunori Nomura (born 1974) is a theoretical physicist working on particle physics, quantum gravity, and cosmology. He is a Professor of Physics at University of California, Berkeley, a Senior Faculty Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a Principal Investigator at Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Since 2015, he has been the Director of the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics. Context_5 : Professor Jean M.J. Fréchet (born August 19, 1944, Burgundy, France), American chemist, is a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. In addition, he is the head of Materials Synthesis, Materials Science Division,of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Director of the Organic and Macromolecular Facility for the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Vice-President for research at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. He has authored nearly 900 scientific papers and holds over 70 United States Patents. His research areas include organic synthesis and polymer chemistry applied to nanoscience and nanotechnology with emphasis on the design, fundamental understanding, synthesis, and applications of functional macromolecules. He was a good friend of influential American chemist Linus Pauling and consistently mentions him in his organic chemistry lectures. As of March 2011, he is 16th on the Hirsch index rating of all living chemists with an H-index of 105. He is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Chemical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an elected member of the US National Academy of Sciences, the US National Academy of Engineering, and the Academy of Europe (Academia Europaea). Context_6 : Carol Hirschmugl, is Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Principal Investigator at the Synchrotron Radiation Center, and Director of the Laboratory for Dynamics and Structure at Surfaces. She received her B.Sc. in Physics from State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1987 and her Applied Physics PhD from Yale University in 1994. She has received an Alexander von Humboldt grant, a University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship, multiple National Science Foundation Grants, a Research Corporation Research Innovation Award, and a UWM Research Growth Initiative. She is notable for her research in applications of infrared microspectroscopy to biological specimens and materials science at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the Synchrotron Radiation Center. Context_7 : The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), located in Walnut Creek, California, was created in 1997 to unite the expertise and resources in genome mapping, DNA sequencing, technology development, and information sciences pioneered at the DOE genome centers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Today the DOE JGI staff is composed of employees from Berkeley Lab, LLNL and the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. The DOE JGI also collaborates with other national labs such as Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Context_8 : Jan Gunneweg, is a member of the Archaeometry Task-force Unit at the Institute of Archaeology of the Humanities Faculty of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He began research at the University in 1973 completing his Ph.D. in the Archaeometry Unit of the institution in 1981. He became a Lecturer in 1983, and Senior Lecturer in 1988. His major research interest is in discovering the place of manufacture of pottery and parchment through the use of neutron activation analysis and synchrotron radiation. He has been particularly interested in finding the place of origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the jars that contained them in Gunneweg and Balla 2003,2006,2010 & 2012 in. Other interests include research into the ancient preparation of parchment and ink as used in the Dead Sea scrolls. Gunneweg organized three workshops, two at the Hebrew University Science Campus in 2005 and 2010, whereas the third one in 2008 at the Lorentz Centre for Physics and Mathematics at Leiden University (Netherlands) as a NIAS and Lorentz fellow for the year 2007-2008. During two Sabbaticals in 1989 and 1996 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory In Berkeley, California, he worked on the digitizing of neutron activation data obtained at LBL in the 1960s and 70s. More research was focused on the place of origin of Iron Age pottery associated with the first Iron Age settlements in the Israel highlands, the Philistines and the Mycenaean IIIA Chariot Krater and other Mycenaean pottery, found at Akko and Tel Dan. Also the origin of Nabatean and Eastern Terra Sigillata pottery have been studied and published At present, Gunneweg is particularly interested in promoting the protection of Cultural Heritage in which he lectured at the ESRF in Grenoble, SESAME at Allan, ELETTRA, Trieste, Daresbury and the CLS at Saskatoon in order to lay the foundations of a collaboration between Science and Humanities and Social Sciences, which he has dubbed Trans-disciplinary an approach that transcendents the borders/limits of any discipline. Context_9 : The Berkeley Institute for Data Science (BIDS) is a central hub of research and education within UC Berkeley designed to facilitate data-intensive science and earn grants to be disseminated within the sciences. BIDS was initially funded by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Sloan Foundation as part of a three-year grant with data science institutes at New York University and the University of Washington. The objective of the three-university initiative is to bring together domain experts from the natural and social sciences, along with methodological experts from computer science, statistics, and applied mathematics. The organization has an executive director and a faculty director, Saul Perlmutter, who won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. The initiative was announced at a White House Office of Science and Technology Policy event to highlight and promote advances in data-driven scientific discovery, and is a core component of the National Science Foundation's strategic plan for building national capacity in data science. Context_10 : Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is a U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Perlmutter shared the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy, the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics with Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. fact_1 : The Berkeley Institute for Data Science (BIDS) is a central hub of research and education within UC Berkeley designed to facilitate data-intensive science and earn grants to be disseminated within the sciences. fact_2 :  The organization has an executive director and a faculty director, Saul Perlmutter, who won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. fact_3 : Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is a U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. Question: What is the name of this U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and executive director and faculty director of Berkeley Institute of Data Science?
Output (English): Saul Perlmutter