Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : The Forestville Historic District is a national historic district located at Forestville, Shenandoah County, Virginia. The district encompasses 84 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in the 19th century mill village of Forestville. The vernacular buildings represent a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Italianate. The buildings date from the late-18th to mid-20th centuries and primarily include log and wood-frame single dwellings, with domestic and agricultural dependencies, that dominate the district are substantiated by a gristmill, two commercial buildings. Also in the district are a church, a cemetery, a post office, two doctors' offices, and a school. Context_2 : Forestville Commonwealth is an archaeological site and national historic district located at Earlton in Greene County, New York. The district contains seven contributing sites. It represents the remains of a utopian community built in 1826-1827 as one of three Owenite experiments in New York State. Context_3 : Jacob W. Holt (1811–1880), was an early to mid 19th century carpenter and builder-architect of Warrenton, North Carolina. Some twenty or more buildings are known to have been built by him or are attributed to him and his workshop by local tradition or their distinctive style. Some of his work includes among others Long Grass Plantation, Eureka near Baskerville, Virginia; Shadow Lawn at Chase City, Virginia; buildings at Peace College; Vine Hill near Centerville, North Carolina; Dr. Samuel Perry House near Gupton, North Carolina; the Archibald Taylor House near Wood, North Carolina; Salem Methodist Church near Huntsboro, North Carolina; Hebron Methodist Church in Warren County, North Carolina; and the John Watson House and possibly the house known as Annefield (Saxe, Virginia) in Charlotte County, Virginia and Belvidere and Pool Rock Plantation near Williamsboro, North Carolina. He may have also built the Forestville Baptist Church at Forestville, North Carolina. Context_4 : Owenism is the utopian socialist philosophy of 19th-century social reformer Robert Owen and his followers and successors, who are known as Owenites. Owenism aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement. The Owenite movement undertook several experiments in establishment of utopian communities organized according to communitarian and cooperative principles. One of the best known of these efforts, which were largely unsuccessful, was the project at New Harmony, Indiana, which started in 1825 and was abandoned by 1829. Owenism is also closely associated with the development of the British trade union movement, and with the spread of the Mechanics' Institute movement. Context_5 : Classical music of the United Kingdom is taken in this article to mean classical music in the sense elsewhere defined, of formally composed and written music of chamber, concert and church type as distinct from popular, traditional, or folk music. The term in this sense emerged in the early 19th century, not long after the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into existence in 1801. Composed music in these islands can be traced in musical notation back to the 13th century, with earlier origins. It has never existed in isolation from European music, but has often developed in distinctively insular ways within an international framework. Inheriting the European classical forms of the 18th century (above all, in Britain, from the example of Handel), patronage and the academy and university establishment of musical performance and training in the United Kingdom during the 19th century saw a great expansion. Similar developments occurred in the other expanding states of Europe (including Russia) and their empires. Within this international growth the traditions of composition and performance centred in the United Kingdom, including the various cultural strands drawn from its different provinces, have continued to evolve in distinctive ways through the work of many famous composers. Context_6 : Thomas Seebohm (born William Thomas Mulvany Seebohm, July 7, 1934, Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia – August 25, 2014, Bonn, Germany) was a phenomenological philosopher whose wide-ranging interests included, among others, Immanuel Kant, Edmund Husserl, hermeneutics, and logic. Other areas of Professor Seebohm's interests included the history of philosophy, philosophy of history, philosophy of the formal sciences, methodology and philosophy of the human sciences, the history of 19th century British Empiricism, American pragmatism, analytic philosophy, philosophy of law and practical philosophy, and the development of the history of philosophy in Eastern Europe. Despite this diverse span of interests, Seebohm was chiefly known as a phenomenologist, who "above all...considered himself a creative phenomenologist, who as a critically reflecting philosopher would look at all major issues with which he became confronted, from a transcendental phenomenological point of view." Context_7 : Language federations were formed in the late 19th and early 20th century by immigrants to the United States, primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe, who shared a commitment to some form of socialist politics. Some of these groups joined the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP); later, many joined the Socialist Party of America (SPA) and then later joined one of the precursors of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA); a number of federations also remained in the Socialist Party. The Russian and Finnish federations were particularly important in the early years of the Communist Party. Context_8 : Ecology is a new science and considered as an important branch of biological science, having only become prominent during the second half of the 20th century. Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Its history stems all the way back to the 4th century. One of the first ecologists whose writings survive may have been Aristotle or perhaps his student, Theophrastus, both of whom had interest in many species of animals and plants. Theophrastus described interrelationships between animals and their environment as early as the 4th century BC. Ecology developed substantially in the 18th and 19th century. It began with Carl Linnaeus and his work with the economy of nature. Soon after came Alexander von Humboldt and his work with botanical geography. Alfred Russel Wallace and Karl Möbius then contributed with the notion of biocoenosis. Eugenius Warming’s work with ecological plant geography led to the founding of ecology as a discipline. Charles Darwin’s work also contributed to the science of ecology, and Darwin is often attributed with progressing the discipline more than anyone else in its young history. Ecological thought expanded even more in the early 20th century. Major contributions included: Eduard Suess’ and Vladimir Vernadsky’s work with the biosphere, Arthur Tansley’s ecosystem, Charles Elton's "Animal Ecology", and Henry Cowles ecological succession. Ecology influenced the social sciences and humanities. Human ecology began in the early 20th century and it recognized humans as an ecological factor. Later James Lovelock advanced views on earth as a macro-organism with the Gaia hypothesis. Conservation stemmed from the science of ecology. Important figures and movements include Shelford and the ESA, National Environmental Policy act, George Perkins Marsh, Theodore Roosevelt, Stephen A. Forbes, and post-Dust Bowl conservation. Later in the 20th century world governments collaborated on man’s effects on the biosphere and Earth’s environment. Context_9 : The recorded history of Seychelles dates back to the 16th century. The islands were appropriated and settled by France in the 18th century. African slaves were brought to the island, and the characteristic Seychellois Creole language developed. Britain took possession of the islands in the early 19th century. The Seychelles became an independent republic in 1976. A socialist one-party state ruled the country from 1977 to 1993. The subsequent democratic elections were won by the same socialist party. Context_10 : Bert Mosselmans (born 1969) is a professor of economics and philosophy and Dean of Vesalius College, Brussels, Belgium. And professor of economics and philosophy at University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, the Netherlands. He received a MSc in Business Engineering (1992), a MA in philosophy (1994) and a PhD in economics (1999) from the Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium. His research focuses on the history of economic thought, mainly the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, and with a special interest in the history of microeconomics and industrial organization. He has published extensively on the history of economic thought and the history of philosophy, most notably on William Stanley Jevons, a 19th-century British philosopher and economist. His research appeared in journals such as The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought and History of Political Economy. fact_1 :  It represents the remains of a utopian community built in 1826-1827 as one of three Owenite experiments in New York State. fact_2 : Owenism is the utopian socialist philosophy of 19th-century social reformer Robert Owen and his followers and successors, who are known as Owenites. Question: Forestville Commonwealth is an example of which 19th century socialist philosophy?
Output (English): Owenism