Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Context_1 : A term coined by Karl Popper in his work "The Logic of Scientific Discovery" to denote what he regarded as the main problem of methodology and the philosophy of science, i.e. to explain and promote the further growth of scientific knowledge. To this purpose, Popper advocated his theory of falsifiability, testability and testing. Context_2 : Kuhn vs. Popper: The Struggle for the Soul of Science is a 2003 book by sociologist Steve Fuller, in which the author discusses and criticizes the philosophers of science Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The book, published by Columbia University Press, received several negative reviews, but was also made Book of the Month by "Popular Science" magazine. Context_3 : The 'principle of rationality' (or 'rationality principle') was coined by Karl R. Popper in his Harvard Lecture of 1963, and published in his book "Myth of Framework". It is related to what he called the 'logic of the situation' in an "Economica" article of 1944/1945, published later in his book "The Poverty of Historicism". According to Popper’s rationality principle, agents act in the most adequate way according to the objective situation. It is an idealized conception of human behavior which he used to drive his model of situational analysis. Context_4 : The Open Society and Its Enemies is a work on political philosophy by the philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author presents a "defence of the open society against its enemies," and offers a critique of theories of teleological historicism, according to which history unfolds inexorably according to universal laws. Popper indicts Plato, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and Karl Marx as totalitarian for relying on historicism to underpin their political philosophies, though his interpretations of all three philosophers have been criticized. Context_5 : Popper's experiment is an experiment proposed by the philosopher Karl Popper to put to the test different interpretations of quantum mechanics (QM). In fact, as early as 1934, Popper started criticising the increasingly more accepted Copenhagen interpretation, a popular subjectivist interpretation of quantum mechanics. Therefore, in his most famous book "Logik Der Forschung" he proposed a first experiment alleged to empirically discriminate between the Copenhagen Interpretation and a realist interpretation, which he advocated. Einstein, however, wrote a letter to Popper about the experiment in which he raised some crucial objections and Popper himself would have declared that this first attempt was "a gross mistake for which I have been deeply sorry and ashamed of ever since". Context_6 : Situational analysis (or Situational logic) is a concept advanced by Popper in his The Poverty of Historicism. "Situational analysis" is a process by which a social scientist tries to reconstruct the problem situation confronting an agent in order to understand that agent's choice. Context_7 : Josef Popper-Lynkeus (21 February 1838 – 22 December 1921) was an Austrian scholar, writer, and inventor. Josef Popper was born in the Jewish quarter in Kolín, Austrian Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic). He was the uncle of Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper. Context_8 : Horror Victorianorum (terror of the Victorian), coined by the philosopher David Stove, is an extreme distaste or condemnation of Victorian culture, art and design. The term was used in Stove's book "The Plato Cult" as part of his argument against Karl Popper and other philosophers whom he characterised as "modernists". For Stove, Popper was influenced by the pervasive anti-Victorian mentality of the era, epitomised by Evelyn Waugh's book "A Handful of Dust", in which the absurdity of Victorian values is expressed by a parody of "Victorian" conceptions of the civilizing mission of imperialism, when the hero is finally trapped in the Amazonian jungle, forced eternally to read the works of Dickens to a tribal chief. Context_9 : The Logic of Scientific Discovery is a 1959 book about the philosophy of science by Karl Popper. Popper rewrote his book in English from the 1934 German original, titled Logik der Forschung. Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft, which literally translates as, Logic of Research: On the Epistemology of Modern Natural Science. The work is famous. Context_10 : The Poverty of Historicism is a 1957 book by philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author argues that the idea of historicism is dangerous and bankrupt. fact_1 : Situational analysis (or Situational logic) is a concept advanced by Popper in his The Poverty of Historicism. fact_2 : The Poverty of Historicism is a 1957 book by philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author argues that the idea of historicism is dangerous and bankrupt. Question: Situational analysis was coined in a book by Karl Popper in what year?
Output (English): 1957