Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): Question: What specific procedure of the experimental strategy makes it the most appropriate to test hypotheses of causality? : 
 Options:  <0> The representative sampling of the participants. <1> The manipulation of the independent variable with control of possible strange variables. <2> The realization of the study in real contexts with natural groups. <3> The identification of possible predictor variables through the retrospective analysis of the study phenomenon. <4> The application of statistical techniques for the analysis of data.
Output (English): psychology