Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): This man created a theory of distribution based on marginal productivity, and, along with Daniel Bernoulli, he derived an equation for the torque on a thin elastic beam. He found all even perfect numbers and his phi-function is the number of smaller positive integers relatively prime to a number. With Lagrange, he derived the calculus of variations, while his angles specify the orientation of a rigid body. For ten points, name this Swiss mathematician and possible namesake of the number e.
Output (English): Science