Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): His studies in conducting began at the Curtis Institute of Music, where he received the only "A" Fritz Reiner ever gave and continued at Tanglewood with Serge Koussevitzky. His first big break came in 1943, when, without any rehearsal, he substituted in concert for the ailing Bruno Walter. In 1953, he became the first American to conduct at La Scala and in 1989, he conducted a performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony to celebrate the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, that changed the word "joy" to "freedom" in "Ode to Joy". He was preceded by Dmitri Mitropoulos and succeeded by Pierre Boulez as Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, and his tenure was noted for his educational broadcasts for children, the Young People's Concerts. For 10 points, who is this conductor and composer of the musical, West Side Story
Output (English): Fine Arts