Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): A so-called "Ideal" formulation of this doctrine was promulgated in 1907 by Hastings Rashdall. In Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit outlines the "repugnant conclusion," which results from strict adherence to this doctrine. The "Meaning" and "Proof" of this doctrine are discussed in Henry Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics, and a book by J. J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams that aims to defend the "act," variety of this doctrine, which is often contrasted with its "rule" variety. Best known from a work which sets forth the Greatest Happiness Principle, for 10 points, identify this doctrine promoted by Jeremy Bentham and J. S. Mill, which holds that the most ethical actions produce the greatest good for the greatest number.
Output (English): Social Science