Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): This concept explains why the torque of a dipole would cause it to rotate about its center. The Lorentz Force Law is a generalization of this concept, the expression of which can be calculated using Gauss's Law. The quantity of this concept within a conductor is zero and it runs perpendicular to the surface of a conductor. Coulomb's law can be used to find this property of a point charge, negative ones of which are oriented radially inward. The direction of this concept is tested with a positive test charge. For 10 points, name this concept measured in Newtons per Coulomb that is equal to the electric force divided by charge.
Output (English): Science