Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): This thinker examined the use of analogy using the grammatically similar sentences "A has a gold tooth" and "A has a toothache." This thinker was inspired by the way traffic courts in Paris model car accidents with toy cars to propose his "picture theory," which was included in work that begins "The world is all that is the case."  This author of the (*) Blue and Brown Books argued that "What we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence" and refuted the possibility of a private language using  the example of a beetle in a box. For ten points, name this Austrian philosopher whose works include Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Output (English): Social Science