Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): way to find this value is by calculating it through the Kapustinskii equation. Another method includes using a constant that determines the electrostatic energy of a compound, called the Madelung constant. It increases with the separation of charge between ions, and decreases as ionic radius increases. Most often, it is calculated by analyzing the reaction between a (*) metal and a non-metal by comparing the enthalpy of formation of the compound to the energy required to make those elements into the gas phase, known as the Born-Haber cycle. Often symbolized U, for 10 points, is which measure of the strength of the bonds in an ionic solid.
Output (English): Science