Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): Systems with a discrete upper energy limit can possess negative absolute values of this quantity. This quantity is defined as one over the energy partial derivative of the entropy; its reciprocal is referred to as beta. Mean kinetic energy is defined as one half times the Boltzmann constant times this quantity. The (*) third law of thermodynamics predicts an unattainable lower limit for this quantity, which is a measure of the average energy in a substance due to heat, called absolute zero, and this quantity is equal for two bodies in thermodynamic equilibrium. For 10 points, name this quantity, measured in scales like Kelvin.
Output (English): Science