Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): In a reversible process, the change in this quantity for an ideal gas equals Cp times the log of the temperature ratio minus R times the log of the pressure ratio. Maxwell's relations relate the first partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature, and this quantity. For a reservoir absorbing heat, the change in this quantity equals the heat divided by the temperature of the reservoir. It is multiplied by temperature in a formula for Helmholtz free energy, and lost work can be attributed to increases in this quantity, which occurs for every spontaneous process according to the second law of thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this measurement of disorder symbolized S.
Output (English): Science