Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): The intensity of light passing through a polarizer equals its intensity times the square of this function with respect to the direction of polarization, according to Malus' Law. This function has a phase constant of zero for the position function of a mass-on-a-spring released from its maximum displacement. For a mass sitting on an inclined plane, the normal force is proportional to this function of the angle of the ramp. Dot products depend on this function of the angle between two vectors. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity includes this function of the angle. For 10 points, name this function equal to sine divided by tangent or adjacent divided by hypotenuse.
Output (English): Science