Task: Text Categorization
Input (English): The distribution of these events is the subject of the Mogi donut hypothesis. The mechanism of these events can be calculated using a "beach ball" diagram, and such mechanisms include the double-couple source. The frequency of these events is given by an equation setting that value equal to 10 to the power of a minus bM, which is a law partly named for Gutenberg and notably doesn't apply during "swarms" of these events. The VAN method attempts to predict these events by using low-level (*) electrical signals. One theory about these events proposes that they are caused by strain energy being spontaneously released; that idea was posited by Harry Fielding Reid and is called the elastic rebound hypothesis. Another common method of predicting them measures anomalies in the ratio of P-wave to S-wave velocity, and the MMS has largely replaced the scale previously used to measure these events, which is a log-base-10 scale. For 10 points, name these events whose severity is measured by the Richter scale.
Output (English): History