Task: Question Answering
Input (English): passage: Under the Articles of Confederation, the presiding officer of Congress--referred to in many official records as President of the United States in Congress Assembled--chaired the Committee of the States when Congress was in recess, and performed other administrative functions. He was not, however, an executive in the way the later President of the United States is a chief executive, since all of the functions he executed were under the direct control of Congress.
 question: did the articles of confederation have an executive branch?
Output (English): No