Task: Question Answering
Input (English): Passage: Open primaries in the United States -- In 2011, the state adopted a ``modified open primary''. Individual citizens may vote for any candidate, and the top two candidates regardless of party will advance to the general election. The Presidential election is exempt from this voting method as it is a contest for delegates rather than a direct election for an office.
Question: can independents vote in the primary in california
Output (English): 1