Task: Question Generation
Input (English): We use the following cheap ways to generate pseudo-source texts:

copy: in this setting, the source side is a mere copy of the target-side data. copy-marked: another way to integrate copies without having to deal with OOVs is to augment the source vocabulary with a copy of the target vocabulary.  copy-dummies: instead of using actual copies, we replace each word with “dummy” tokens. 
Output (English): what data simulation techniques were introduced?