Hubble's near-infrared camera digs for galactic gold: This infrared view reveals galaxies far, far away that existed long, long ago. Taken by the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the image is part of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field survey, the deepest portrait ever taken of the universe. This galaxy-studded view represents a "deep" core sample of the universe, cutting across billions of light-years. This infrared image offers a slightly farther look into the universe's past, compared with the snapshot of the same field taken in visible light by Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. Astronomers used Hubble's near-infrared camera to find very distant galaxies that cannot be seen in visible light. The light from remote galaxies has been stretched from visible to invisible infrared wavelengths by the expansion of space. Some light also has been absorbed by intergalactic hydrogen. Astronomers are hoping to strike it rich by finding some of the farthest known galaxies, existing perhaps 400 million years after the big bang. To find them, astronomers must combine the infrared and visible-light images. The remotest galaxies will only appear in the infrared image. If discovered, these record-breaking galaxies may offer clues to the emergence of galaxies when the universe was only 2 to 5 percent of its present age. The Ultra Deep Field observations represent a narrow, deep view of the cosmos. Peering into the Ultra Deep Field is like looking through a 2.5 metre-long soda straw. In ground-based photographs, the patch of sky in which the galaxies reside (just one-tenth the diameter of the full Moon) is largely empty. Located in the constellation Fornax, the region is so empty that only a handful of stars within the Milky Way galaxy can be seen in the image. This composite image was assembled from exposures taken by the near-infrared camera and the advanced camera. Astronomers incorporated the advanced camera's visible-light observations into the image to better discriminate the colours of the distant galaxies. The near-infrared camera observations were taken from 3 September to 27 November 2003.

Name: Hubble Ultra Deep Field, HUDF
Type: Early Universe : Galaxy : Grouping : Cluster
Category: Galaxies
Constellation: Fornax
Release date: 9 March 2004, 15:30
Credit: NASA, ESA and R. Thompson (Univ. Arizona)

Hubble reveals galactic drama: A galactic brawl. A close encounter with a spiral galaxy. Blue wisps of galaxies. These close-up snapshots of galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field reveal the drama of galactic life. Almost every panel shows oddball-shaped galaxies engaged in boxing matches with galactic neighbours. In the panel at top, left, three galaxies just below centre are enmeshed in battle, their shapes distorted by the brutal encounter. The panel at top, centre reveals an edge-on spiral galaxy fending off a weirdly shaped blue galaxy. The panel at bottom, right, is littered with close encounters between galaxies that have been shredded by the interactions. These oddball galaxies chronicle a period when the universe was younger and more chaotic. Order and structure were just beginning to emerge. Not all the galaxies are engaged in galactic mayhem. In the panel at top, right, is a majestic spiral galaxy, one of the nearest galaxies in the Ultra Deep Field. This galaxy existed about 1 billion years ago, when the cosmos was 13 billion years old. The smallest, reddest galaxies [the red dots in the panels at top, left and bottom, left] may be among the most distant known, existing when the cosmos was 800 million years old. The galaxies in these panels were plucked from a harvest of nearly 10,000 galaxies in the Ultra Deep Field, the deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. The Ultra Deep Field observations, taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys, represent a narrow, "deep" view of the cosmos. Peering into the Ultra Deep Field is like looking through a 2.5 metre-long soda straw. In ground-based images, the patch of sky in which the galaxies reside (just one-tenth the diameter of the full Moon) is largely empty. Located in the constellation Fornax, the region is so empty, in fact, that only a handful of stars within the Milky Way galaxy can be seen in the image. In this image, blue and green correspond to colours that can be seen by the human eye, such as hot, young, blue stars and the glow of Sun-like stars in the disks of galaxies. Red represents near-infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, such as the red glow of dust-enshrouded galaxies. The image required 800 exposures taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. The total amount of exposure time was 11.3 days, taken between Sept. 24, 2003 and Jan. 16, 2004.

Name: Hubble Ultra Deep Field, HUDF
Type: Early Universe : Galaxy : Grouping : Cluster
Category: Galaxies
Release date: 9 March 2004, 15:30
Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Beckwith (STScI) and the HUDF Team

Hubble reveals galactic drama [image 1]: A galactic brawl. A close encounter with a spiral galaxy. Blue wisps of galaxies. These close-up snapshots of galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field reveal the drama of galactic life. Here three galaxies just below centre are enmeshed in battle, their shapes distorted by the brutal encounter. The galaxies in this panel were plucked from a harvest of nearly 10,000 galaxies in the Ultra Deep Field, the deepest visible-light image of the cosmos. The Ultra Deep Field observations, taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys, represent a narrow, "deep" view of the cosmos. Peering into the Ultra Deep Field is like looking through a 2.5 metre-long soda straw. In ground-based images, the patch of sky in which the galaxies reside (just one-tenth the diameter of the full Moon) is largely empty. Located in the constellation Fornax, the region is so empty, in fact, that only a handful of stars within the Milky Way galaxy can be seen in the image. In this image, blue and green correspond to colours that can be seen by the human eye, such as hot, young, blue stars and the glow of Sun-like stars in the disks of galaxies. Red represents near-infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, such as the red glow of dust-enshrouded galaxies. The image required 800 exposures taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. The total amount of exposure time was 11.3 days, taken between Sept. 24, 2003 and Jan. 16, 2004.

Name: Hubble Ultra Deep Field, HUDF
Type: Early Universe : Star : Grouping : Cluster
Category: Star Clusters
Constellation: Fornax
Release date: 9 March 2004, 15:30
Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Beckwith (STScI) and the HUDF Team