Title: September 22 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 66 Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica. * 904 The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong of Tong, the second-last Emperor of China's Tang Dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government. * 1236 Lithuanians and Semigallians beat Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Battle of Siauliai * 1499 Treaty of Basel: Switzerland becomes an independent state. * 1503 Pope Pius III becomes Pope, though his reign only lasts for 27 days. * 1598 English playwright Ben Jonson is indicted for manslaughter. * 1692 Last people hanged for witchcraft in the United States. * 1761 George III of Great Britain and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned. * 1776 Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution. * 1784 Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska. * 1789 Position of United States Postmaster General established. * 1823 Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Jr. stated that he found the Golden Plates on this date, being directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where they were buried. * 1857 Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 806 people on board. * 1862 A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released. * 1864 American Civil War: End of the Battle of Fishers Hill. * 1869 Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold debuts in Munich. * 1877 French astronomer Edouard Jean-Marie Stephan discovers five galaxies, that together are now known as the "Stephan Quintet". * 1888 The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published. * 1893 The first American-built automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed. * 1896 Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather, King George III, as the longest- reigning monarch in British history. Elizabeth II beats her record on September 9, 2015. === 1901 2000 === * 1908 Independence of Bulgaria recognised. * 1910 The Duke of York's Picture House opens in Brighton, now the oldest continually operating cinema in the United Kingdom. * 1914 German submarine 5M U-9 torpedoes and sinks British cruisers HMS Aboukir, HMS Hague and HMS Cressy on the Broad Fourteens off the Dutch coast with the loss of 1,400 men and boys. * 1919 The Steel Strike of 1919 begins in Pennsylvania, later spreading across the United States. * 1927 Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney. * 1934 An explosion occurs at Gresford Colliery in Wales, killing 266 miners and rescuers. * 1937 Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco. * 1941 Holocaust: On Yom Kippur, Jewish New Year, SS officers murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. * 1949 Soviet Union detonates its first nuclear weapon. * 1951 The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC. * 1955 UK television channel ITV begins broadcasting. * 1957 Francois Duvalier (Papa Doc) is elected President of Haiti. Establishing a one-party state, he remains in power until his death in 1971, when his son takes over. * 1960 Mali gains independence from France. * 1961 The Peace Corps is formed. * 1964 The musical Fiddler on the Roof has its first performance on Broadway in New York City. * 1965 The war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ends after the UN calls for a cease-fire. * 1968 The move of the Abu Simbel temple ruins in Egypt is completed, in order to make way for Lake Nasser. * 1970 Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as Prime Minister of Malaysia. * 1975 Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate President Gerald Ford. * 1979 The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test. * 1980 Iraq invades Iran. * 1985 The Farm Aid concert takes place in Champaign, Illinois. * 1985 The Plaza Accord was signed in New York City. * 1990 Start of the 1990 Asian Games, held in Beijing. * 1991 The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time, by the Huntington Library. * 1993 A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia. * 1993 A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, killing 47 people. * 1994 The first episode of Friends aired on NBC. * 1995 The Nagercovil School Bombing is carried out by Sri Lankan Air Force, killing at least 24 people, most of them ethnic Tamil children. * 1997 Bentalha massacre in Algeria; over 200 villagers are killed. === From 2001 === * 2002 German Bundestag election: incumbent Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schröder narrowly defeats Edmund Stoiber. * 2003 David Hempleman-Adams becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open-air, wicker-basket hot air balloon. * 2013 A bomb attack on a church in Peshawar, Pakistan, kills at least 70 people. * 2013 Angela Merkel is elected to a third term as Chancellor of Germany, after the CDU/CSU scored around 42%. Her coalition partners, the Free Democrats (FDP), are voted out of the Bundestag. * 2014 Ewa Kopacz becomes Prime Minister of Poland, replacing Donald Tusk, who resigned to take up his post as President of the European Council. * 2016 Yahoo! confirms that hackers entered its network in late 2014 and stole information connected to at least 500 million user accounts, in the largest data breach reported to date. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1515 Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII of England (d. 1557). * 1547 Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590). * 1552 Vasili IV of Russia (d. 1612). * 1601 Anne of Austria, Queen Consort of Louis XIII of France (d. 1666). * 1606 Li Zecheng, Chinese Emperor (d. 1645). * 1694 Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman (d. 1773). * 1715 Jean-Etienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (d. 1786). * 1717 Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer (d. 1783). * 1741 Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (d. 1811). * 1762 Elizabeth Simcoe, English-Canadian painter and author (d. 1850). * 1765 Paolo Ruffini, Italian mathematician (d. 1822). * 1791 Michael Faraday, English scientist (d. 1867). * 1829 Tu Duc, Vietnamese Emperor (d. 1883). * 1835 Alexander Potebnja, Ukrainian philosopher and linguist (d. 1891). * 1841 Andrejs Pumpurs, Latvian poet (d. 1902). * 1842 Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918). * 1863 Alexandre Yersin, Swiss- French physician (d. 1943). * 1868 Louise McKinney, Canadian politician and activist (d. 1931). * 1870 Charlotte Cooper, British tennis player (d. 1966). * 1870 Arthur Pryor, American trombone player, composer and bandleader (d. 1942). * 1875 Mikolajus Konstantinas Ciurlionis, Lithuanian painter and composer (d. 1911). * 1876 André Tardieu, 97th Prime Minister of France (d. 1945). * 1878 Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967). * 1880 Christabel Pankhurst, British suffragette (d. 1958). * 1882 Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946). * 1885 Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951). * 1885 Gunnar Asplund, Swedish architect (d. 1940). * 1885 Erich von Stroheim, Austrian-American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1957). * 1887 Bhaurao Patil, Indian educator and activist (d. 1959). * 1891 Hans Albers, German actor and singer (d. 1960). * 1892 Billy West, American actor (d. 1975). * 1896 Uri Zvi Grinberg, Israeli poet and journalist (d. 1981). * 1896 Henry Segrave, British racing driver (d. 1930). * 1898 Katharine Alexander, American actress and singer (d. 1981). === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Charles B. Huggins, Canadian scientist (d. 1997). * 1901 Nadezhda Alliluyeva, second wife of Joseph Stalin (d. 1932). * 1902 John Houseman, Romanian-American actor and producer (d. 1988). * 1902 José Quintero Parra, Venezuelan cardinal (d. 1984). * 1904 Ellen Church, American flight attendant (d. 1965). * 1905 Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician (d. 2009). * 1905 Eugen Saenger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964). * 1906 Ilse Koch, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1967). * 1912 Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003). * 1918 Hans Scholl, German activist (d. 1943). * 1918 Henryk Szeryng, Polish- Mexican violinist and composer (d. 1988). * 1920 Eric Baker, English activist (d. 1976). * 1922 David Sive, American attorney and environmentalist (d. 2014). * 1922 Chen Ning Yang, Chinese physicist. * 1923 Dannie Abse, Welsh poet (d. 2014). * 1924 Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist (d. 2019). * 1924 Charles Waterhouse, American painter, sculptor and illustrator (d. 2013). * 1925 Virginia Capers, American actress and singer (d. 2001). * 1927 Tommy Lasorda, American baseball player and manager. * 1930 Joni James, American singer. * 1930 Antonio Saura, Spanish artist (d. 1998). * 1931 Ashokamitran, Indian writer (d. 2017). * 1931 Fay Weldon, English feminist and writer. * 1931 George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger, Scottish politician (d. 2003). * 1932 Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (d. 2010). * 1932 Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (d. 2009). * 1933 Jesco von Puttkamer, German- American engineer (d. 2012). * 1933 Leonardo Balada, Spanish-American composer. * 1934 Ornella Vanoni, Italian actress and singer. * 1939 Junko Tabei, Japanese mountaineer (d. 2016). * 1940 Anna Karina, Danish actress and singer. * 1941 Anna Tomowa-Sintow, Bulgarian soprano. * 1941 Jeremiah Wright, American pastor. * 1942 Candida Lycett Green, English writer (d. 2014). * 1942 Wu Ma, Hong Kong actor, director, producer and writer (d. 2014) * 1942 David Stern, American lawyer and NBA commissioner. * 1943 Toni Basil, American singer. * 1946 King Sunny Ade, Nigerian singer. * 1948 Denis Burke, Australian politician, 6th Chief Minister of the Northern Territory. === 1951 1975 === * 1951 David Coverdale, English singer-songwriter. * 1952 Sukhumbhand Paribatra, 15th Governor of Bangkok. * 1952 Richard Fairbrass, English presenter, bassist and singer (Right Said Fred). * 1953 Ségolène Royal, French politician. * 1954 Shari Belafonte, American singer, actress and model. * 1954 Randy Lanier, American racing driver. * 1956 Debby Boone, American actress. * 1957 Nick Cave, Australian musician. * 1958 Eddy Planckaert, Belgian cyclist. * 1958 Andrea Bocelli, Italian operatic tenor. * 1958 Joan Jett, American rock singer. * 1959 Saul Perlmutter, American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize winner. * 1959 Tai Babilonia, American figure skater and talk show host. * 1960 Scott Baio, American actor. * 1961 Bonnie Hunt, American actress. * 1961 Liam Fox, British politician. * 1961 Catherine Oxenberg, American actress. * 1962 Martin Crowe, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2016). * 1965 Tony Drago, Maltese snooker player. * 1965 Robert Satcher, American astronaut. * 1965 Andrii Deschchytsia, Ukrainian politician and diplomat. * 1965 Dan Rucatinsky, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. * 1966 Ruth Jones, Welsh actress, producer and screenwriter. * 1967 Rickard Rydell, Swedish racing driver. * 1969 Sue Perkins, English comedienne. * 1970 Rupert Penry-Jones, English actor. * 1970 Emmanuel Petit, French footballer. * 1971 Princess Martha-Louise of Norway, Princess of Norway. * 1971 Chesney Hawkes, English singer. * 1972 Marcus Campbell, Scottish snooker player. * 1973 Yoo Chae- yeong, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2014). * 1975 Mireille Enos, American actress. === From 1976 === * 1976 Ronaldo, Brazilian footballer. * 1976 Xiao Huang-Chi, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and Paralympic judoka. * 1976 Martin Solveig, French DJ and music producer. * 1976 Mo Collins, American football player (d. 2014). * 1978 Harry Kewell, Australian footballer. * 1979 Roberto Saviano, Italian journalist and writer. * 1979 Emilie Autumn, American singer and musician. * 1982 Kosuke Kitajima, Japanese swimmer. * 1982 Billie Piper, English singer and actress. * 1982 Maarten Stekelenburg, Dutch footballer. * 1983 William Farquarson, English bass guitarist. * 1984 Godfrey Gao, Taiwanese-Canadian model and actor (d. 2019). * 1984 Ross Jarman, British musician. * 1984 Thiago Silva, Brazilian footballer. * 1984 Laura Vandervoort, Canadian actress. * 1985 Jamie Mackie, Scottish footballer. * 1987 Tom Felton, English actor. * 1987 Derick Brassard, Canadian ice hockey player. * 1988 Bethany Dillon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist. * 1989 Kim Hyo-yeon, South Korean singer (Girls' Generation) * 1989 Sabine Lisicki, German tennis player. * 1989 Coeur de pirate, Canadian singer- songwriter and pianist. * 1993 Chase Ellison, American actor. * 1994 Jr., South Korean singer, dancer and actor * 1996 Anthoine Hubert, French racing driver (d. 2019) * 1999 Kim Yoo-jung, South Korean actress == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 530 Pope Felix IV * 904 Emperor Zhaozong of Tong of China. * 1072 Ouyang Xiu, Chinese statesman (b. 1007). * 1253 Dogen Zenji, Japanese Zen Buddhist (b. 1200) * 1253 (or September 23) Wenceslas I, King of Bohemia * 1345 Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester (b. 1281) * 1520 Selim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1465) * 1539 Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469) * 1554 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Spanish explorer (b. c. 1510) * 1566 Johannes Agricola, German Protestant reformer (b. 1494) * 1607 Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (b. 1535) * 1703 Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1622) * 1774 Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705) * 1776 Nathan Hale, American soldier (b. 1755) * 1777 John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699) * 1826 Johann Peter Hebel, German poet (b. 1760) * 1828 Shaka Zulu, Zulu leader (b. c. 1787) * 1848 James Dunlop, Scottish astronomer (b. 1793) * 1852 William Tierney Clark, civil engineer (b. 1783) * 1872 Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (b. 1801) * 1873 Friedrich Frey-Herosé, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1801) * 1881 Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831) === 1901 2000 === * 1913 Ton That Thuyet, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1839) * 1914 Alain-Fournier, French writer (b. 1886). * 1952 Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg, first President of Finland (b. 1865) * 1956 Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877) * 1957 Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (b. 1885) * 1961 Marion Davies, actress (b. 1897) * 1967 Harald Quandt, German industrialist (b. 1921) * 1969 Adolfo López Mateos, President of Mexico (b. 1909) * 1973 Paul van Zeeland, Belgian economist and politician (b. 1893) * 1981 Harry Warren, American composer and songwriter (b. 1893) * 1985 Ernest Nagel, Czech-American philosopher (b. 1901) * 1987 Dan Rowan, actor, comedian (b. 1922) * 1987 Hakun Djurhuus, 4th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1908) * 1989 Irving Berlin, American songwriter (b. 1888) * 1993 Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (b. 1903) * 1994 Leonard Feather, British-born jazz pianist, composer and producer (b. 1914). * 1996 Dorothy Lamour, American actress (b. 1914) * 1996 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime Minister of Algeria (b. 1927) * 1999 George C. Scott, actor (b. 1927) * 2000 Vincenzo Fagiolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1918) === From 2001 === * 2001 Isaac Stern, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1920) * 2003 Wolfgang Peters, German footballer (b. 1929) * 2003 Gordon Jump, American television actor (b. 1932) * 2003 Hugo Young, British journalist (b. 1938) * 2007 Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (b. 1923) * 2008 Thomas Dörflein, German zookeeper (b. 1963) * 2010 Eddie Fisher, American singer (b. 1928) * 2011 Aristides Pereira, 1st President of Cape Verde (b. 1923) * 2011 Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (b. 1924) * 2013 Alvaro Mutis, Colombian writer (b. 1923) * 2014 Sahana Pradhan, Nepalese politician (b. 1927). * 2014 Flor Van Noppen, Belgian politician (b. 1956). * 2014 Samira Salih al-Nuaimi, Iraqi lawyer and human rights activist (b. 1963). * 2014 Hasse Wallman, Swedish entertainment executive, composer and film director (b. 1936). * 2014 Skip E. Lowe, American talk show host (b. 1929). * 2014 Erik van der Wurff, Dutch pianist and composer (b. 1945). * 2014 Ben Webb, New Zealand artist (b. 1976). * 2015 Yogi Berra, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1925). * 2015 James David Santini, American politician (b. 1937). * 2015 Richard G. Scott, American apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1928) * 2015 Phyllis Tickle, American religious author (b. 1934) * 2016 Kjell Albin Abrahamson, Swedish journalist and author (b. 1945) * 2017 Paavo Lonkila, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1923) * 2017 Mohammed Mahdi Akef, Egyptian religious and political leader, former Head of the Muslim Brotherhood (b. 1928) * 2017 Börje Vestlund, Swedish politician (b. 1960) * 2017 Dunc Fisher, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927) * 2017 Shmuel Moreh, Iraqi-born Israel writer (b. 1932) * 2018 Avi Duan, Israeli politician (b. 1955) * 2018 Chas Hodges, English musician (b. 1943) * 2018 Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (b. 1948) * 2018 Al Matthews, American actor and singer (b. 1942) * 2018 Edna Molewa, South African politician (b. 1957) * 2018 Eric Yarrow, American businessman (b. 1920) * 2019 Harry Joseph Flynn, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1933) * 2019 Ivan Kizimov, Russian equestrian (b. 1928) * 2019 J. Michael Mendel, American television producer (b. 1964) * 2019 Tom Polanic, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1943) * 2019 Sándor Sára, Hungarian cinematographer and film director (b. 1933) == Observances == * Independence Day in Mali and Bulgaria * September Equinox in some years (Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and Spring in the Southern Hemisphere) * Car-free Day Category:Days of the year