Title: August 27 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === *479 BC Battle of Plataea ends the Persian invasion of Greece, Mardonius routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army. *55 BC Julius Caesar Lands in Britain for the first time. *AD 410 Vandal sack of Rome ends after three days. *1172 Henry the Young King and Margaret of France crowned as junior king and queen of England. *1593 Pierre Barriere fails in his attempt to kill King Henry IV of France. *1597 Japan defeats Korea in the Naval Battle of Chilchonryang during the Imjin War, following several mistakes by the Korean admiral Won Gyun. *1664 After officially taking control of the former Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, British colonists rename it New York. *1664 The French East India Company is officially founded by Louis XIV of France. *1728 On this date in the Gregorian calendar, Vitus Bering lands on the Diomede Islands in the now-named Bering Strait between Alaska, now in the US, and the Russian far east. *1776 Battle of Long Island, in present-day Brooklyn, New York British forces under General William Howe defeat Americans under General George Washington. *1793 French Revolutionary Wars: The city of Toulon revolts against the French Republic. *1810 The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbor of Grand Port and Ile de France. *1813 Napoleon defeats the Austrians, Russians and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden. *1820 Along with two other people, Josef Naus becomes the first person to climb Zugspitze, the highest mountain in Germany. *1828 The Russians defeat the Turks at Akhaltzikke. *1832 Black Hawk, leader of the Sauk tribe of Native Americans, surrenders to US forces. *1859 Petroleum discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania - the world's first successful oil well. *1861 American Civil War: Union forces attack Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. *1883 The after effects caused by the Krakatoa explosion in Indonesia kill over 36,000 people, as the eruption ends in a loud explosion, which causes deadly tsunamis. *1896 The shortest war in the world - 9:02 - 9:40 between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar *1900 British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal. === 1901 2000 === *1912 The novel Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs goes on sale. *1914 World War I: French and British troops occupy the then-German colony of Togoland. *1916 World War I: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary. *1921 The British Faisal I as King of Iraq. *1927 Five Canadian women file a petition to the Supreme Court of Canada asking whether the word 'persons' in Section 24 of the British North America Act of 1867, includes female persons. *1928 The Kellogg-Briand Pact, outlawing war, is signed by sixty nations. *1939 First jet aircraft flight. *1943 World War II: Japanese forces evacuate New Georgia Island in the Pacific Theater of Operations during the war. *1952 Reparation negotiations between West Germany and Israel end in Luxembourg; West Germany to pay 3 billion Deutschmarks. *1955 The Guinness Book of Records goes on sale for the first time. *1957 The Constitution of Malaysia comes into force. *1962 The Mariner 2 space probe is launched. *1971 A failed military coup occurs in Chad. *1975 The Governor of Portuguese Timor (now East Timor) abandons his capital, Dili, and flees to Atauro Island, leaving control to a rebel group. *1979 An IRA bomb kills Lord Mountbatten and 3 others on holiday in Sligo, Republic of Ireland. Another near Warrenpoint, Northern Ireland kills 18 British soldiers. *1982 Turkish military diplomat Colonel Atilla Altikat is shot dead in Ottawa, Canada. The group Justice Commandos Against Armenian Genocide claims responsibility. *1985 The Nigerian government is peacefully overthrown by army chief Ibrahim Babangida. *1990 The British Broadcasting Corporation launches BBC Radio Five Live at 9am GMT with a mixture of sports, news, and children's programming. The station broadcasts for eighteen hours per day. *1991 The European Community recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. *1991 Moldova declares independence from the USSR. *1993 The Gouhou Dam in Gonghe, Qinghai province, breaks, resulting in 240 deaths. *1993 The Florida DOT decides to cease producing its distinctive colored U.S. Highway shields so that it can make use of Federal funds for those signs. *2000 Ostankino Tower in Moscow catches fire, and three people are killed. === From 2001 === *2003 Mars makes closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing approximately 34,646,416 miles (55,758,006 kilometers) from Earth. *2005 The Turning Torso in Malmo, Sweden, which is the tallest residential building in Europe, is opened. *2005 Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama declare a State of Emergency in preparation for Hurricane Katrina. *2006 Comair Flight 5191 crashes on take-off at Lexington, Kentucky, with 49 people out of the 50 on board being confirmed dead within hours of the crash. *2010 Kenya promulgates a new constitution under Mwai Kibaki *2011 Hurricane Irene strikes the east coast of the United States. == Births == === Up to 1850 === *551 BC Confucius, Chinese philosopher (died 479 BC) *865 Rhazes, Persian polymath (died 925) *1407 Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Ashikaga shogun (died 1425) *1471 George, Duke of Saxony (died 1539) *1487 Anne of Brandenburg (died 1514) *1545 Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (died 1592) *1619 Anne Genevieve de Bourbon (died 1679) *1624 Koxinga, Chinese Ming dynasty loyalist (died 1662) *1630 Maria van Oosterwijk, Dutch painter (died 1693) *1669 Anne Marie d'Orléans, Duchess of Saxony (died 1728) *1724 Joan Joachim Zubly, Swiss pastor, planter and statesman (died 1781) *1730 Johann Georg Hamann, German philosopher and writer (died 1788) *1770 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher (died 1831) *1781 Finnur Magnusson, Icelandic philologist (died 1847) *1785 Agustin Gamarra, Peruvian general and President (died 1841) *1803 Edward Beecher, American theologian (died 1895) *1809 Hannibal Hamlin, 15th Vice President of the United States and 26th Governor of Maine (died 1891) *1812 Bertalan Szemere, 3rd Prime Minister of Hungary (died 1869) *1827 Charles Lilley, English-Australian politician, 4th Premier of Queensland (died 1897) *1845 Friedrich Martens, Russian diplomat (died 1909) === 1851 1900 === *1858 Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician (died 1932) *1862 Abram Arkhipov, Russian artist (died 1930) *1864 Helena Patursson, Faroese actress and writer (died 1916) *1865 James Henry Breasted, American Egyptologist (died 1935) *1865 Charles G. Dawes, 30th Vice President of the United States (died 1951) *1868 Hong Beom-do, Korean activist (died 1943) *1869 Karl Haushofer, German geographer (died 1946) *1870 Amado Nervo, Mexican journalist, poet and diplomat (died 1919) *1871 Theodore Dreiser, American writer (died 1945) *1872 Giovanni Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, Archbishop of Bologna (died 1952) *1873 Maud Allan, Canadian-American dancer (died 1956) *1874 Carl Bosch, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940) *1875 Katharine McCormick, American women's rights activist (died 1967) *1877 Charles Rolls, British co-founder of Rolls-Royce (died 1910) *1877 Ernst Wetter, Swiss Federal Councillor (died 1963) *1878 Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, Russian military figure (died 1928) *1881 Sigurd Islandsmoen, Norwegian composer (died 1964) *1884 Vincent Auriol, President of France (died 1966) *1884 Alfredo Baldomir, President of Uruguay (died 1948) *1886 Eric Coates, English composer (died 1957) *1886 Rebecca Clark, English composer (died 1979) *1887 Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-born American actor (died 1953) *1890 Man Ray, American photographer and artist (died 1976) *1896 Faina Rainevskaya, Russian actress (died 1984) *1896 Zygmunt Berling, Polish general and politician (died 1980) *1896 Léon Theremin, Russian physicist and inventor (died 1993) *1899 C. S. Forester, British writer (died 1966) *1899 Byron Foulger, American actor (died 1970) === 1901 1950 === *1904 Norah Lofts, writer (died 1983) *1905 Aris Velouchiotis, Greek military leader (died 1945) *1906 Ed Gein, American serial killer (died 1984) *1908 Don Bradman, Australian cricketer (died 2001) *1908 Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States (died 1973) *1908 Frank Leahy, American football coach (died 1945) *1909 Lester Young, American jazz musician (died 1959) *1911 Kay Walsh, British actress (died 2005) *1913 Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, wife of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (died 2006) *1914 Heidi Kabel, German actress (died 2010) *1915 Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr., American physicist (died 2011) *1916 Martha Raye, American actress (died 1994) *1917 Peanuts Lowrey, American baseball player, coach and manager (died 1986) *1918 Jelle Zijlstra, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 2001) *1920 James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, Northern Irish politician (died 2015) *1921 Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg (died 1996) *1921 Leo Penn, American actor and director (died 1998) *1925 Nat Lofthouse, English footballer (died 2011) *1925 Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian cardinal (died 2017) *1926 Pat Coombs, English actress (died 2002) *1926 Kristen Nygaard, Norwegian mathematician (died 2002) *1928 Osamu Shimomura, Japanese biochemist *1928 Péter Boross, Hungarian politician and Prime Minister *1928 Mangosuthu Buthelezi, South African politician *1928 Othmar Schneider, Austrian skier (died 2012) *1929 Ira Levin, American writer (died 2007) *1931 Sri Chinmoy, Indian spiritual leader (died 2007) *1931 Sven Tumba, Swedish footballer, ice hockey player and golfer (died 2011) *1932 Saye Zerbo, Burkina Faso politician (died 2013) *1932 Karekin I, former Armenian Apostolic Church leader *1932 Antonia Fraser, British writer *1933 Kerstin Ekman, Swedish writer *1935 Frank Yablans, American movie producer *1937 Alice Coltrane, American pianist and composer (died 2007) *1937 Tommy Sands, American actor and singer *1939 Edward Patten, American singer, songwriter and producer (died 2005) *1941 Bohdan Stupka, Ukrainian actor and Minister of Culture (died 2012) *1941 Cesaria Evora, Cape Verdean singer *1941 Janos Konrad, Hungarian water polo player and swimmer *1942 Brian Peckford, Canadian politician *1942 Robert Marion Berry, American politician *1942 Daryl Dragon, American songwriter (Captain & Tennille) (d. 2019) *1943 Tuesday Weld, American actress *1943 Bob Kerrey, 36th Governor of Nebraska *1943 Wolfgang Nordwig, German high jumper *1945 Jan Sloot, Dutch inventor (died 1999) *1946 Peter Tobin, Scottish serial killer *1947 Barbara Bach, American actress *1948 Philippe Vallois, French screenwriter and director *1950 Neil Murray, Scottish bass player and songwriter === 1951 1975 === *1952 Paul Reubens (Pee-Wee Herman), American actor *1953 Alex Lifeson, Canadian rock guitarist (Rush) *1953 Peter Stormare, Swedish actor, director, playwright and musician *1954 John Lloyd, British tennis player and coach *1957 Bernhard Langer, German golfer *1957 Jeff Grubb, American game designer and author *1958 Sergei Krikalev, Russian cosmonaut *1958 Marcos Paqueta, Brazilian football manager *1958 Hugh Orde, English senior police officer *1959 Yves Rossy, Swiss pilot, aviation enthusiast and inventor *1959 Juan Fernando Cobo, Colombian painter and sculptor *1959 Jeanette Winterson, English novelist *1959 Jürgen Becker, German comedian and performer *1961 Yolanda Adams, American singer, producer and actress *1961 Tom Ford, American fashion designer and director *1962 Sjon, Icelandic writer and artist *1965 Cheryl Fergison, English actress *1965 Paulo Silas, Brazilian footballer *1966 Juhan Parts, former Prime Minister of Estonia *1968 Daphne Koller, Israeli-American computer scientist *1969 Cesar Millan, Mexican-American dog trainer *1969 Christine O'Donnell, American politician *1969 Chandra Wilson, American actress *1970 Peter Ebdon, English snooker player *1970 Jim Thome, American baseball player *1970 Tony Kanal, English-American musician, songwriter and producer *1970 Karl Unterkircher, Italian mountaineer (died 2008) *1972 Denise Lewis, British athlete *1972 Jimmy Pop, American musician (Bloodhound Gang) *1973 Dietmar Hamann, German footballer *1974 José Vidro, Major League Baseball player *1974 Mohammad Yousuf, Pakistani cricketer *1975 Jonny Moseley, American skier === From 1976 === *1976 Sarah Chalke, Canadian actress *1976 Carlos Moya, Spanish tennis player *1976 Mark Webber, Australian race car driver *1977 Deco, Brazilian- Portuguese footballer *1979 Karel Rachunek, Czech ice hockey player (died 2011) *1981 Alessandro Gamberini, Italian footballer *1981 Collin Samuel, Trinidadian footballer *1983 Jamala, Ukrainian singer *1984 David Bentley, English footballer *1984 Sulley Muntari, Ghanaian footballer *1985 Nikica Jelavic, Croatian footballer *1985 Daniel Küblböck, German singer and actor *1985 Alexandra Nechita, Romanian-American artist *1986 Mario, American R&B; singer *1986 Sebastian Kurz, Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria *1988 Alexa Vega, American actress *1990 Taylor Mitchell, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 2009) *1990 Luuk de Jong, Dutch footballer *1993 Sarah Hecken, German figure skater == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === *542 Caesarius of Arles, Archbishop of Arles and Roman Catholic Saint (b. 470) *827 Pope Eugene II *1312 Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1262) *1394 Emperor Chokei of Japan (b. 1343) *1521 Josquin des Prez, French-Flemish composer (b. 1450) *1577 Titian, Italian painter *1590 Pope Sixtus V (b. 1521) *1635 Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1562) *1773 Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (b. 1721) *1828 Eise Eisinga, Dutch astronomer (b. 1744) *1865 Thomas Chandler of Haliburton, Canadian writer (b. 1796) *1871 William Whiting Boarding, American politician (b. 1794) *1874 Stefan Golescu, Romanian statesman (b. 1809) *1875 William Chapman Ralston, founder of the Bank of California (b. 1826) *1879 Rowland Hill, English postal reformer (b. 1795) === 1901 2000 === *1909 Emil Christian Hansen, Danish physiologist (b. 1842) *1919 Louis Botha, South African politician (b. 1862) *1937 Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, British banker and zoologist (b. 1868) *1937 Andrew W. Mellon, United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1855) *1944 Georg von Boeselager, German aristocrat (b. 1915) *1948 Charles Evans Hughes, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1862) *1950 Cesare Pavese, Italian poet, novelist, critic and translator (b. 1908) *1958 Ernest Lawrence, American physicist (b. 1901) *1963 W. E. B. Du Bois, American civil rights activist and scholar (b. 1868) *1964 Gracie Allen, American actress (b. 1895) *1965 Le Corbusier, Swiss architect (b. 1887) *1967 Brian Epstein, British music manager (b. 1934) *1968 Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (b. 1906) *1968 Robert Z. Leonard, American movie director, actor, producer and screenwriter (b. 1889) *1969 Erika Mann, German actress and singer (b. 1905) *1975 Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1892) *1976 Mukesh, Indian singer (b. 1923) *1979 Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, British statesman (b. 1900) *1980 Douglas Kenney, American actor and writer (b. 1947) *1981 Valeri Kharlamov, Soviet ice hockey player (b. 1948) *1982 Atilla Altikat, Turkish military diplomat *1990 Stevie Ray Vaughan, American musician (b. 1954) *1999 Helder Camara, Brazilian archbishop (b. 1909) === From 2001 === *2001 Abu Ali Mustafa, Palestinian leader (b. 1938) *2006 Maria Esther de Capovilla, Ecuadorean supercentenarian, World's oldest woman (b. 1889) *2006 Jesse Pintado, British musician (b. 1969) *2009 Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer (b. 1913) *2010 Anton Geesink, Dutch judoka (b. 1934) *2011 Stetson Kennedy, American writer and Civil Rights activist (b. 1916) *2012 Russell Scott, American TV personality (b. 1920) *2012 Malcolm Browne, American journalist and photographer (b. 1931) *2013 Anatoly Onoprienko, Ukrainian serial killer (b. 1959) *2014 Valeri Petrov, Bulgarian writer (b. 1920) *2014 Sandy Wilson, English composer (b. 1924) *2014 Peret, Spanish musician (b. 1935) *2014 Yehezkel Braun, German-born Israeli composer (b. 1922) *2014 Benno Pludra, German writer (b. 1925) *2014 Jan Groth, Norwegian rock music singer (b. 1946) *2014 Jacques Friedel, French physicist (b. 1921) *2015 Darryl Dawkins, American basketball player (b. 1957) *2015 Joan Garriga, Spanish motorcycle racer (b. 1963) *2017 Yitzhak Pundak, Polish-born Israeli military officer and diplomat (b. 1913) *2017 Ebrahim Yazdi, Iranian politician and diplomat (b. 1931) *2018 Dale M. Cochran, American politician (b. 1928) *2018 Mirka Mora, French-born Australian artist (b. 1928) *2018 Fredd Wayne, American actor and columnist (b. 1924) *2018 Murray Westgate, Canadian actor (b. 1918) == Observances == * Independence Day (Moldova) * Lyndon Baines Johnson Day (Texas) Category:Days of the year