Title: September 9 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 9 Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and heavily defeats Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest. * 337 Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans I succeed their father Constantine I as Roman Emperor. * 533 A Byzantine army of 15,000 under Belisarius lands at Caput Vada in modern Tunisia and marches onto Carthage. * 1000 Battle of Svolder – After it, King Olaf I of Norway commits suicide. * 1087 William the Conqueror dies. His son succeeds him as King William II of England. * 1379 Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III. * 1488 Anne of Brittany becomes Duchess of Brittany. * 1493 Battle of Krbava Field - A decisive defeat of Croats in the Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire. * 1499 Vasco da Gama returns to Lisbon from his voyage to India. * 1513 In the Battle of Flodden Field James IV of Scotland is defeated. * 1543 Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling. * 1739 Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina. * 1775 A hurricane strikes Newfoundland, killing 4,000 people. * 1776 The Continental Congress officially names their new country the United States. * 1791 Washington, DC is named after 1st President of the United States George Washington. * 1806 A hurricane kills 457 people in Dominica. * 1839 John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph. * 1850 California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state. * 1850 The Compromise of 1850 strips Texas of a third of its claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) in return for the federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt. * 1855 Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol ends with the withdrawal of Russian troops. * 1863 American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee. * 1870 Redmond, Washington is founded. * 1886 The Berne Convention is finalized. * 1892 Edward Barnard discovers Jupiter's moon Amalthea. * 1893 A birth occurs in the White House for the only time in its history to date. First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland gives birth to a girl, Esther. === 1901 2000 === * 1913 Russian military pilot Pyotr Nesterov performs the first 'Looping' maneuver with his aircraft over Kiev. * 1914 World War I: The Battle of the Marne ends in a French victory. * 1914 World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army. * 1919 Spanish passenger ferry Valbanera disappears in a hurricane between Cuba and the Florida Keys. * 1922 The Greco-Turkish War ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks. The largest part of the city of Smyrna (on the Minor Asia coast, now Izmir) is burned. The Non-Turkic population flees. * 1923 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, founds the CHP. * 1924 The Hanapepe massacre takes place in Kauai, Hawaii. * 1926 The National Broadcasting Company formed. * 1939 World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest defended pocket of Polish Army Resistance during the German invasion of Poland. * 1940 George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer. * 1940 World War II: Treznea massacre - The Hungarian army, supported by local Hungarians, kills 93 Romanian civilians in Treznea, a village in Northern Transylvania. * 1942 World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops an incendiary bomb on Oregon. * 1943 World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy. * 1944 World War II: Bulgaria is liberated by Russia. * 1945 Japan formally surrenders to China. * 1947 "First actual case of (a computer) bug being found" – a moth is lodged in a relay of a Mark II computer at Harvard. * 1948 The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is created, declared by Kim Il-Sung. * 1954 Marilyn Bell swam for 20 hours and 57 minutes under grueling conditions to become the first person to swim across Lake Ontario. * 1954 An earthquake in Algeria kills 1,250 people. * 1956 Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time. * 1965 The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established. * 1965 Sandy Koufax throws a perfect game against the Chicago Cubs. * 1965 Hurricane Betsy hits New Orleans. * 1966 The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon Johnson. * 1969 Canada's Official Languages Act comes into force, making French equal to English throughout the Federal Government. * 1970 A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown into Dawson's Field, Jordan. * 1976 Chinese Communist Leader Mao Zedong dies aged 82. * 1983 Aaron Pryor beats Alexis Arguello by knockout in round ten of a rematch of their 1982 controversial fight, dubbed The Battle of The Champions. * 1990 The Sri Lankan Army kills 184 Tamil civilians in the Batticaloa massacre. * 1990 Liberian leader Samuel K. Doe is overthrown and killed in a coup. * 1991 Tajikistan becomes independent from the Soviet Union. * 1991 Nirvana release their hit single "Smells Like Teen Spirit", which becomes an iconic tune for a whole generation. * 1993 The Palestinian Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legal state in its own right. * 1996 Croatia and Yugoslavia take up diplomatic relations after war in the region. * 1999 The Sega Dreamcast is released in the United States * 2000 In the wake of inflation, Ecuador replaces its currency, the Sucre with the US dollar. === From 2001 === * 2001 Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan. * 2004 A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, killing several people. * 2004 Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica reverses a decision by Minister of Education and Sport Ljiljana Colic to require the teaching of both creationism and evolution in schools, and announces that Colic will be replaced. * 2009 09/09/09: The date, when written, has 3 nines in it. As well as that, September has nine letters, and so does Wednesday, the day of the week it falls on. It also fell on the 252nd day of the year, and the digits of 252 add up to nine. * 2011 The 2011 Rugby World Cup begins in New Zealand. * 2012 The 2012 Summer Paralympics in London end. * 2013 Norwegian Parliamentary Election: The Labour Party-led coalition under Jens Stoltenberg loses the election after eight years in government. Erna Solberg of the Centre-Right Venstre Party becomes the next Prime Minister on October 16. * 2014 Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper announces that a ship from John Franklin's ill-fated expedition to the Canadian Arctic has been found. * 2015 Elizabeth II overtakes Queen Victoria to becomes the longest-reigning British monarch. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 214 Aurelian, Roman Emperor (d. 275) * 384 Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (d. 423) * 1349 Duke Albert III of Austria (d. 1395) * 1466 Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shogun (d. 1523) * 1585 Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1642) * 1656 Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer, German composer (d. 1746) * 1708 Paul Egede, Danish missionary (d. 1789) * 1711 Thomas Hutchinson, American historian and politician (d. 1780) * 1737 Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798) * 1754 William Bligh, British naval officer and Governor of New South Wales (d. 1817) * 1769 Ivan Kotlyarevsky, Ukrainian poet (d. 1838) * 1774 Salomon Mayer Rothschild, patriarch of the Rothschild banking family (d. 1855) * 1778 Clemens Brentano, German writer (d. 1842) * 1815 Johann Gottfried Piefke, Prussian military musician and composer (d. 1884) * 1822 Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte, French general and politician (d. 1891) * 1826 Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1907) * 1828 Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1910) * 1834 Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English writer (d. 1903) * 1834 James E. Bond, Governor of Nebraska (d. 1906) * 1841 Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1915) * 1842 Elliott Coues, American army surgeon, historian and writer (d. 1899) * 1848 Elia Millosevich, Italian astronomer (d. 1919) * 1852 John Henry Poynting, British physicist (d. 1914) * 1855 Houston Stewart Chamberlain, British-German writer (d. 1927) * 1855 Anthony Francis Lucas, Croatian-American engineer and explorer (d. 1921) * 1868 Mary Hunter Austin, American author (d. 1934) * 1872 Phan Chu Trinh, Vietnamese activist (d. 1926) * 1873 Max Reinhardt, movie and theatre director and actor (d. 1943) * 1873 Marcel Jacques Boulenger, French author and fencer (d. 1932) * 1878 Sergio Osmena, President of the Philippines (d. 1961) * 1887 Alf Landon, American politician (d. 1987) * 1890 Harland D. Sanders, American inventor of KFC (d. 1980) * 1890 Kurt Lewin, German psychologist (d. 1947) * 1892 Tsuru Aoki, Japanese-American actress (d. 1961) * 1893 Esther Cleveland, only person to be born in the White House (d. 1980) * 1894 Arthur Freed, American songwriter and movie producer (d. 1973) * 1894 Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer (d. 1976) * 1898 Styles Bridges, 63rd Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1961) * 1899 C. R. Smith, American politician (d. 1990) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Lev Shubnikov, Russian physicist (d. 1937) * 1902 Fred Tootell, American athlete (d. 1964) * 1903 Phyllis Whitney, American writer (d. 2008) * 1904 Feroze Khan, Pakistani field hockey player (d. 2005) * 1905 Joseph E. Levine, American movie producer (d. 1987) * 1906 Harri Larva, Finnish runner (d. 1980) * 1906 James Quinn, American athlete (d. 2004) * 1908 Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and novelist (d. 1950) * 1908 Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral (d. 1945) * 1911 John Gorton, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002) * 1918 Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, former President of Italy (d. 2012) * 1919 Gottfried Dienst, Swiss football referee (d. 1998) * 1920 Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and physicist (d. 1993) * 1922 Hans Georg Dehmelt, German physicist (d. 2017) * 1922 Warwick Estevam Kerr, Brazilian geneticist * 1923 Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist (d. 2008) * 1923 Cliff Robertson, American actor (d. 2011) * 1924 Rik van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003) * 1924 Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001) * 1926 Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Egyptian theologian and author * 1930 Francis Carroll, Australian archbishop * 1931 Margaret Tyzack, British actress (d. 2011) * 1932 Sylvia Miles, American actress * 1934 Nicholas Liverpool, former President of Dominica (d. 2015) * 1935 Chaim Topol, Israeli actor * 1939 Reuven Rivlin, 10th President of Israel * 1941 Otis Redding, American musician (d. 1967) * 1941 Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist (d. 2011) * 1945 Richard Divall, Australian conductor and musicologist (d. 2017) * 1945 Alphonso Jackson, American politician * 1946 Doug Ingle, American musician (Iron Butterfly) * 1946 Jim Keays, Australian musician (d. 2014) * 1947 Freddy Weller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1949 John Curry, British figure skater (d. 1994) * 1949 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 6th President of Indonesia === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Alexander Downer, Australian politician * 1951 Tom Wopat, American actor, singer and director * 1952 David A. Stewart, British musician (Eurythmics) * 1953 Alisher Usmanov, Uzbek-Russian business magnate * 1955 John Kricfalusi, Canadian voice actor, animator, director and screenwriter * 1956 Anatoly Artsebarsky, Soviet-Ukrainian cosmonaut * 1957 Pierre-Laurent Aimard, French pianist and educator * 1959 Tom Foley, American baseball player and coach * 1959 Eric Serra, French composer * 1960 Hugh Grant, English actor * 1960 Bob Hartley, Canadian ice hockey coach * 1961 Matjaz Kek, Slovenian football coach * 1962 Liza Marklund, Swedish writer * 1963 Chris Coons, American politician * 1963 Roberto Donadoni, Italian footballer * 1964 Mike Ashley, English billionaire entrepreneur * 1964 John Hughes, Scottish football manager * 1966 Adam Sandler, American actor and comedian * 1967 Akshay Kumar, Indian actor * 1967 Hana Andronikova, Czech writer (d. 2011) * 1968 Shahbaz Bhatti, Pakistani politician (d. 2011) * 1968 Julia Sawalha, English actress * 1969 Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model * 1971 Eric Stonestreet, American actor * 1971 Henry Thomas, American actor, singer- songwriter and guitarist * 1972 Goran Visnjic, Croatian actor * 1974 Ana Carolina, Brazilian singer, composer and musician * 1974 Gok Wan, English fashion consultant, author and television host * 1975 Michael Bublé, Canadian singer === From 1976 === * 1976 Chace Ambrose, American actor and screenwriter * 1976 Jerry Newman, American composer and conductor * 1976 Aki Riihilahti, Finnish footballer * 1977 Fatih Tekke, Turkish footballer * 1977 Soulja Slim, American rapper (d. 2003) * 1978 Mariano Puerta, Argentine tennis player * 1980 Michelle Williams, American actress * 1980 Todd Coffey, American baseball player * 1980 Vaclav Drobny, Czech footballer (d. 2012) * 1982 Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1982 Graham Onions, English cricketer * 1983 Kim Jung-hwa, South Korean actress and model * 1984 Andrey Silnov, Russian athlete * 1984 Brad Guzan, American footballer * 1985 Luka Modric, Croatian footballer * 1987 Alex Song, Cameroonian footballer * 1987 Andrea Petkovic, German tennis player * 1987 Nicole Aniston, American pornographic actress * 1988 Shizuka Nakamura, Japanese model and actress * 1990 Haley Reinhart, American singer-songwriter * 1991 Kelsey Chow, American actress * 1991 Oscar, Brazilian footballer * 1993 Ryohei Kato, Japanese gymnast * 2000 Victoria de Marichalar y Borbon, Spanish royal == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 701 Pope Sergius I * 1000 Olaf I of Norway (b. 963) * 1087 King William I of England (b. 1028) * 1398 King James I of Cyprus (b. 1334) * 1438 King Edward of Portugal (b. 1391) * 1487 Chenghua, Chinese Emperor (b. 1447) * 1488 Francis II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1433) * 1513 King James IV of Scotland (b. 1473) * 1569 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter * 1583 Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (b. 1539) * 1596 Anna Jagiellon, Queen of Poland (b. 1523) * 1612 Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyo (b. 1570) * 1676 Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French army officer, founder of Montreal (b. 1612) * 1806 William Paterson, 2nd Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745) * 1815 John Singleton Copley, American painter (b. 1738) * 1834 James Weddell, British sailor (b. 1787) * 1891 Jules Grévy, President of France (b. 1813) * 1898 Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842) === 1901 2000 === * 1901 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (b. 1864) * 1910 Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician (b. 1821) * 1915 Albert Spalding, American baseball player and sporting goods maker (b. 1850) * 1939 U Ottama, Burmese national hero * 1941 Hans Spemann, German doctor and zoologist, won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1869) * 1960 Jussi Björling, Swedish opera singer (b. 1911) * 1976 Mao Zedong, political leader (People's Republic of China) (b. 1893) * 1978 Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (b. 1892) * 1978 Jack Warner, American Hollywood studio founder (b. 1892) * 1980 John Howard Griffin, American writer (b. 1920) * 1981 Robert Askin, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1907) * 1981 Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist (b. 1901) * 1983 Luis Monti, Argentine-Italian footballer (b. 1901) * 1985 Paul Flory, American chemist (b. 1910) * 1985 Antonio Votto, Italian conductor (b. 1896) * 1986 Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian classical pianist (b. 1893) * 1990 Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher (b. 1901) * 1990 Samuel K. Doe, Liberian military officer and President of Liberia (b. 1951) * 1990 Doc Cramer, American Major League Baseball player (b. 1905) * 1993 Helen O'Connell, singer (b. 1920) * 1997 Burgess Meredith, actor (b. 1907) * 1998 Lucio Battisti, Italian singer (b. 1943) * 1999 Jim "Catfish" Hunter, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1946) * 2000 Veerasamy Ringadoo, first President of Mauritius (b. 1920) === From 2001 === * 2001 Ahmed Shah Massoud, Afghan military leader (b. 1953) * 2003 Larry Hovis, American actor (b. 1936) * 2003 Edward Teller, Hungarian-American physicist (b. 1908) * 2007 Hughie Thomasson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952) * 2008 Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (b. 1910) * 2010 Bent Larsen, Danish chess player (b. 1935) * 2013 Alberto Bevilacqua, Italian writer, poet and journalist (b. 1934) * 2014 Graham Joyce, British author (b. 1954) * 2014 Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (b. 1930) * 2014 Bob Suter, American ice hockey player (b. 1957) * 2014 Howell Evans, Welsh actor (b. 1928) * 2014 Denny Miller, American actor (b. 1934) * 2015 Einar H. Ingman, Jr., American soldier (b. 1929) * 2017 Frank Aarebrot, Norwegian political scientist (b. 1947) * 2017 Michael Friedman, American composer and songwriter (b. 1975) * 2017 Oscar E. Huber, American politician (b. 1917) * 2017 Pierre Pilote, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931) * 2018 Frank Andersson, Swedish professional wrestler (b. 1956) * 2018 Johannes Geldenhuys, South African military commander (b. 1935) * 2018 Beat Richner, Swiss paediatrician and cellist (b. 1947) * 2018 Daniel Küblböck, German singer (b. 1985) (presumed drowned) * 2018 Mr. Catra, Brazilian rapper (b. 1968) * 2018 Javier Usabiaga Arroyo, Mexican businessman and politician (b. 1939) == Observances == * Admission Day (California) * Independence Day (Tajikistan) * National Day of North Korea * Children's Day (Costa Rica) * Human Rights Day (Colombia) September 09