Supabase/wikipedia-en-embeddings huggingface dataset:
Title: Death of Mario Gonzalez Content: On April 19, 2021, Mario Gonzalez, a 26-year-old Latino man was killed by the Alameda Police Department. In their initial report of the incident, the department reported that Gonzalez died after a “scuffle” and “physical altercation” resulting in a “medical emergency.” In body cam footage released on April 27, Gonzalez could be seen being pinned to the ground for more than five minutes after refusing to provide identification, eventually becoming unresponsive. He died in police custody. == People involved == === Mario Gonzalez === Mario Gonzalez (December 24, 1994 - April 19, 2021) was a 26-year-old man from Oakland, California. He was a father and was the primary caretaker of his mother and brother, who has autism. === Officers === The officers involved with Gonzalez' death were identified as Eric McKinley, who has been on the force for three years, Cameron Leahy, who has been on the force for three years, and James Fisher, who has been on the force for 10 years. The three men have been placed on paid administrative leave. ==Incident== An officer approaches Gonzalez at a park after police said they were responding to reports of a man who was believed to be intoxicated and suspected of theft. Gonzalez was in the park with two baskets. Officials asked him to produce his name and identification; Gonzalez does not produce an ID, and an officer states, "Please put your hand behind your back ... please stop resisting us." The officers push Gonzalez into the ground into wood chips, placing a knee on his back and leaving it there for four minutes as an out-of- breath Gonzalez says, "I didn't do nothing." and “Please don’t do this.” Gonzalez loses consciousness, at which point the officers rolled him over and perform CPR. He was pronounced dead. == Investigation == Alameda city officials launched an independent investigation into Gonzalez' death. == Reactions == === Family === Gonzalez' brother stated, "Everything we saw in that video was unnecessary and unprofessional. The police killed my brother in the same manner that they killed George Floyd." Julia Sherwin, a lawyer representing the Gonzalez family, stated, "His death was completely avoidable and unnecessary. Drunk guy in a park doesn't equal a capital sentence." === Institutions === CURYJ Executive Director George Galvis stated, “We have seen this play out time and time again. Police come up with a false narrative until footage is revealed and the truth comes out. They did this to 13-year-old Adam Toledo, and they would have done it to George Floyd if there wasn’t community recording.” === Public figures === Alameda mayor Marilyn Ezzy Ashcraft stated, “I’m just heartsick. This is a young man. This shouldn't have happened." On Twitter, former-Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro wrote, "Police in Alameda, CA wrote in a report that Mario Gonzalez was violent before his arrest and died in the hospital after a 'medical emergency.' Body cam footage shows he was calm and peaceful. He died on-site after they knelt on his back for 5 minutes."
Title: Etika Content: right|200px Desmond Daniel Amofah (May 12, 1990 – June 19, 2019), better known online as Etika, was an American YouTuber, live-streamer and model. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was best known for his reactions to many Nintendo products and games. Amofah was reported missing on June 19, 2019, after uploading a video in which he admitted to being mentally ill and suicidal. Amofah's body was discovered in the East River on June 24 by the New York City Police Department. They later confirmed his cause of death was suicide by drowning. Amofah was 29 years old.
Title: The Girl He Left Behind Content: The Girl He Left Behind is a 1956 romantic comedy movie that was produced by Frank P. Rosenberg and was directed by David Butler. The Girl He Left Behind was released on 1956 in North America and in 1957 in Europe by Premier Productions. == Cast == *Tab Hunter as Andy L. Shaeffer *Natalie Wood as Susan Daniels *Jessie Royce Landis as Mrs. Madeline Shaeffer *Jim Backus as Sgt. Hanna *Henry Jones as Hanson *Murray Hamilton as Sgt. Clyde *Alan King as Maguire *James Garner as Preston *David Janssen as Capt. Genaro *Wilfred Knapp as Congressman Hardison *Les Johnson as Lt. Taylor *Raymond Bailey as General *Florenz Ames as Mr. Hillaby *Fredd Wayne as Sgt. Sheridan *Ernestine Wade as Lorna
Title: Mount Whitney Content: Mount Whitney or Tumanguya is a mountain in eastern California. The mountain is about 14,505 feet (4,421 m). This makes Mount Whitney the tallest mountain in the contiguous United States. Mount Whitney is only 76 miles from Badwater in Death Valley National Park, which is the lowest point in the United States. Mount Whitney is in the Sierra Nevada. Mount Whitney was named by the California Geological Survey in 1864, they named it after Josiah Whitney.
Title: Ismail I Content: Ismail I (Azerbaijani: 1-ci İsmayıl ) (17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524), was the Shah of the Safavid dynasty of Persia from 1501 until his death in 1524. He started the Safavid dynasty and was the effective founder who went on to unite most of Persia for the first time since the Sassanids and establish Shia Islam as the main religion. Category:1487 births Category:1524 deaths Category:Shahs of Iran
Title: Lemon chiffon Content: Lemon chiffon is a shade of yellow. It is highly reminiscent of a lemon chiffon cake. Category:Shades of yellow
Title: CNN+ (TV network) Content: CNN+ (CNN Plus) is a Spanish 24-hour television news channel. Category:Television networks
Title: Saint-Michel-sur-Ternoise Content: thumb|90px|coat of arms Saint-Michel-sur-Ternoise is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Title: Second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson Content: The second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson as the third president of the United States took place on Monday, March 4, 1805 in the Senate Chamber of the United States Capitol. The inauguration was the beginning of the second term of Thomas Jefferson as President and the first term of George Clinton as Vice President. Chief Justice John Marshall gave the oath of office. Jefferson wore a black suit and silk stockings for the inauguration.
Title: Carl Ferdinand Cori Content: Carl Ferdinand Cori (5 December, 1896 — 20 October, 1984) was an Czech doctor. He won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with his wife Gerty Cori and Bernardo Houssay, for discovering the way the body processed glycogen and sugar.
Title: Sevenum Content: thumb|150px|Flag thumb|90px|Coat of arms Sevenum is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2010, it is part of the municipality of Horst aan de Maas. Category:21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands Category:Settlements in Limburg (Netherlands) Category:Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands) Category:Horst aan de Maas
Title: Kgalema Motlanthe Content: Kgalema Petrus MotlantheRecording of him taking the oath of office http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7636151.stm (born 19 July 1949) is a South African politician who was President of South Africa between 25 September 2008 and 9 May 2009. This happened following the resignation of Thabo Mbeki. After the end of his presidency, Motlanthe was appointed as the Deputy President of South Africa by his successor, current South African president Jacob Zuma. In March 2014, he announced his resignation to become a dean at ANC. Motlanthe was born on 19 July 1949 in Boksburg, Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa.
Title: Anthony Smith (producer) Content: Professor Anthony Smith CBE (14 March 1938 - 28 November 2021) was a British broadcaster, author and academic. He was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, between 1988 and 2005. He worked for the Annan Committee on The Future of Broadcasting, and became engaged in the national debate which led to the foundation of the UK's Channel 4. Smith died on 28 November 2021 in London from renal failure, aged 83.Anthony Smith CBE (1938–2021) President of Magdalen College 1988–2005
Title: Brad Harris Content: thumb|right|200px|Harris in 2004 Bradford "Brad" Harris (July 16, 1933 – November 7, 2017) was an American actor, stuntman, bodybuilder and executive producer. He was born in St. Anthony, Idaho. He appeared in 50 movies during his career. He was best known for his roles in Kommissar X, Goliath Against the Giants and in The Pirates of the Mississippi. Harris died on November 7, 2017 at the age of 84.Brad Harris, Actor in Sword-and-Sandal Movies, Dies at 84
Title: James Madison University Content: right|thumb|Wilson Hall which is on the campus. James Madison University is a public university in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The university has about 18,971 students. It was founded in 1908. The current president of the university is Dr. Linwood H. Rose. ==Sports== The athletics teams of the university are called the Dukes. They have 19 recognized varsity teams, six for men and 13 for women, with almost all competing in the Sun Belt Conference.
Title: Lake Ontario Content: thumb|Lake Ontario seen from near Wolcott, New York, USA thumb|right|Lake Ontario shown in darker blue Lake Ontario is the smallest of the Great Lakes in North America, but its maximum depth (802ft; 244m) is deeper than lake Erie's (210ft) and Lake Huron's (750ft). It forms most of the border between Ontario in Canada and New York in the United States of America. Its inlet is the Niagara River (from Niagara Falls), and its outlet is the Saint Lawrence River. Nearly 9 million Canadians live near Lake Ontario. It is the only Great Lake that does not touch the U.S. state of Michigan, the "Great Lakes State". Category:Great Lakes Category:Lakes of Canada Category:Geography of Ontario
Title: Sideshow Content: A sideshow is an amusement or entertainment usually associated with circus and carnival midways. Such a show displays curiosities of all sorts such as bearded ladies, midgets, giants, snake charmers, two-headed babies saved in formaldehyde, six-legged calves, and more. ==Related pages== * Freaks, a 1930s movie about sideshow performers
Title: Mike Castle Content: Michael Newbold Castle (born July 2, 1939) is an American attorney and politician. He was the Governor of Delaware (1985–92) and the U.S. Representative for (1993–2011). He is a member of the Republican Party. He unsuccessfully ran for the United States Senate for the 2010 special election.
Title: Timothy Davlin Content: thumb|200px|Davlin in 2008 Timothy J. Davlin (August 27, 1957 – December 14, 2010) was an American Democratic politician. He was the mayor of Springfield, Illinois from April 2003 until his death in December 2010. He was born in Springfield. At the time of his death, he was being investigated for fraud and corruption during his time as mayor. Davlin died by shooting himself in the chest at his home in Springfield on December 14, 2010. He was 53.Davlin death ruled a suicide , sj-r.com; accessed April 27, 2017.
Title: Henrik Ripa Content: Henrik Ripa (14 May 1968 – 12 July 2020) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament from 2010 to 2014. Ripa represented the northern constituency of Västra Götaland. Between 1998 and 2010 he was chairman of the municipality of Lerum. Ripa died on 12 July 2020, aged 52.Sahlgrenskas styrelseorförande Henrik Ripa har avlidit
Title: Banded iron formation Content: thumb|2.1 billion year old banded iron formation Banded iron formations (or BIFs) are a distinctive type of rock often found in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. They consist of repeated thin layers of iron oxides, either magnetite (Fe3O4) or hematite (Fe2O3), alternating with bands of iron-poor shale and chert. Some of the oldest known rock formations, formed over 3,700 million years ago (mya), include banded iron layers.Minik T. Rosing et al. 1996. Earliest part of Earth's stratigraphic record: A reappraisal of the >3.7 Ga Isua (Greenland) supracrustal sequence. Geology 24 #1, 43-46 The banded layers are a common feature in sediments for much of the Earth's early history.Knoll, Andrew H. 2004. Life on a young planet: the first three billion years of evolution on Earth. Princeton, N.J. Faces of Earth - Building the Planet. YouTube account of early Earth history. American Geosciences Institute. == Relation to atmospheric oxygenation == The formations are abundant around the time of the Great Oxygenation Event, 2,400 mya.Cloud, Preston 1973. Paleoecological significance of the Banded Iron-Formation. Economic Geology 68 (7): 1135. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1135. They become less common after 1,800 mya. The total amount of oxygen locked up in the banded iron beds is estimated to be perhaps twenty times the volume of oxygen present in the modern atmosphere of Earth. Banded iron beds are an important commercial source of iron ore, such as the Pilbara region of Western Australia, the Animikie Group in Minnesota and Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil.DOCEGEO, 1988, Revisão litoestratigráfica da Província Mineral de Carajás: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, 35th, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Belém, Brazil, p. 11−54. ==Origins== The conventional concept is that the banded iron layers were formed in sea water as the result of oxygen released by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. This combined with dissolved iron in Earth's oceans to form insoluble iron oxides. These precipitated out, forming a thin layer on the substrate, which may have been anoxic mud (forming shale and chert). Each band is similar to a varve: the banding is assumed to result from cyclic variations in available oxygen. It is assumed that the Earth started out with vast amounts of iron dissolved in the world's acidic seas.Cesare Emiliani, Planet Earth 1992:407f, and Tjeerd van Andel, New Views on an Old Planet 2nd ed. 1994:303-05. Iron is much more soluble than its oxides. Eventually, as photosynthetic organisms generated oxygen, the available iron in the Earth's oceans was precipitated out as iron oxides. At the tipping point where the oceans became permanently oxygenated, small variations in oxygen production produced pulses of free oxygen in the surface waters, alternating with pulses of iron oxide deposition.
Title: Gothenburg Cathedral Content: thumb|right|240px|Gothenburg Cathedral thumb|right|240px|Inside the Gothenburg Cathedral Gothenburg Cathedral  is a cathedral in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. Belonging to Gothenburg Cathedral Parish of the Church of Sweden, it serves the Diocese of Gothenburg, and was opened on Trinity Sunday, 21 May 1815.
Title: C'est pour vivre (album) Content: C'est pour vivre is a greatest hits album by Canadian singer Celine Dion. == Track listing == ==Chart performance==
Title: Georgetown, Illinois Content: Georgetown is a city in Illinois in the United States. Category:Cities in Illinois
Title: Porky Pig Content: thumb|Cartoon showing Porky Pig on the right Porky Pig is a cartoon character from the Warner Bros. cartoons. He stands on two legs, has a pink body, and a pink nose. He first appeared in I Haven't Got a Hat in 1935. Category:Animated characters Category:Anthromophic characters Category:Comics characters Category:Fictional characters introduced in the 1930s Category:Fictional pigs Category:Looney Tunes characters Category:Space Jam characters Category:Tune Squad players
Title: Het Laatste Nieuws Content: Het Laatste Nieuws (; in English The Latest News) is a Dutch-language newspaper.It is based in Antwerp, Belgium. It was founded by Julius Hoste Sr. on 7 June 1888. It is now part of DPG Media. The newspaper is the most popular newspaper in Flanders and Belgium. == Profile == thumb|VFront page of Flemish newspaper "Het Laatste Nieuws" of September 5 1944. With headline: Long live Belgium !, Long live The King !, Long live Freedom! in honor of the liberation of Belgium. thumb|Front page of the Flemish newspaper "Het Laatste Nieuws" 20 April 1943 The liberal Julius Hoste Sr. founded the newspaper on 7 June 1888 five days before the Belgian elections. With the newspaper he wanted to support the Liberal Party in the elections. He also wanted to support the Flemish movement in Brussels, a city which was dominated by francophone bourgeois (Franskiljons). The newspaper supported the cause of the Gelijkheidswet (E: equality law between French and Flemish in Belgium), the rescue of the Koninklijke Vlaamse Schouwburg (KVS) (E: Royal Flemish Theatre) in Brussels and the election of the first Flemish, liberal, Ghent municipal governing board in 1907. The newspaper has liberal views. Generally it wants to support the Flemish movement, with a minimal focus on French speaking people. These characteristics were very important in the new daily, just like its anti-clericalism. In 1897, Flor Burton founded the newspaper De Nieuwe Gazet in Antwerp, with a substantially similar editorial policy. When Julius Hoste Sr. died, his son, Julius Hoste Jr., took over the responsibility. He moderated the confrontational style favored by his father, but changed it to a softer, and more formal tone. He also included more regional news, and expanded the sports section to reach an even wider public. When World War II broke out, Julius Hoste Jr. fled to the United Kingdom. His newspaper was still published under Nazi control. During this period The Adventures of Tintin was in the newspaper. Stories included Tintin in the Congo, Tintin in America, The Broken Ear, The Shooting Star, and The Secret of the Unicorn. After the war Julius Hoste Jr. again took control, but the business needed to be rebuilt. He shared day-to-day management with Albert Maertens, who would follow him, after Hoste suddenly died. His heirs wanted to create a foundation, to preserve the newspaper. == Circulation == In the period of 1995-96 Het Laatste Nieuws had a circulation of 303,993 copies. The circulation of the paper was 287,000 copies in 2001. It was 341,257 copies in 2002. In 2003 its circulation was 294,000 copies, making it the best selling newspaper in Belgium. In 2009 Het Laatste Nieuws had a circulation of 287,162 copies. The approximate circulation of the paper was 370,000 copies in 2010. == Notable journalists == * Piet Van Brabant (1932-2006)
Title: Shadoe Stevens Content: Shadoe Stevens (born November 3, 1947) is an American radio host, television personality and voiceover host. He hosted the American Top 40 from August 1988 to January 1995. On television, Stevens was the announcer for The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. Stevens first became famous in 1957 when a Life magazine article titled "America's Youngest D.J." ran a story on him. Stevens was born in Jamestown, North Dakota
Title: Companhia de Electricidade de Macau Content: Companhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM; ; English: Macau Electricity Company) is an electricity company in Macau, China. Its main business is power generation, power transmission, power distribution and electricity selling in Macau. ==History== CEM was established in 1972 in Portuguese Macau.
Title: Anneke Staring Content: Anneke Staring (born 1942 or 1943 — October 2022) was a Dutch field hockey player who played as a defender. She played with HC Bloemendaal and was a member of the Netherlands women's national field hockey team. As captain of the Dutch team she became world champion at the inaugural unofficial 1971 Women's Hockey World Cup. ==Biography== ===International career=== Staring made 42 appearances for the Netherlands women's national field hockey team from 1966 to 1972. She made her debut on 7 May 1966 in a match against Germany. They won the match with 0-1. The team played ahead of the 1971 Women's Hockey World Cup a number of preparation matches. During this preparation matches the Dutch team beated for the first time England. Staring was the captain of the team at the first unofficial 1971 Women's World Cup in Auckland, New Zealand. In the preliminary round they won from Ireland and Fiji and played 2-2 against the United States. In the final round they played two matches and The Netherlands finished second behind the Indian team in the preliminary round and defeated the Germans 1-0 in the semi-finals. The Netherlands team won from Australia (3-0), played 1-1 against England and 0-0 against West-Germany. These results were enough to win the unofficial World Cup. As captain of the team, Staring was awarded the cup. She played her last international match against Argentina 1972. ===Post playing career=== After her playing career Staring was from 1972 to 1977 commissioner of the Board of the field hockey district North Holland. In 1976 and 1977 she was also a member (commissioner) of the Board of Directors of the national hockey federation (KNHB). In 1974 the KNHB appointed Staring as Member of Merit for all her works for the field hockey sport. Staring died in October 2022.
Title: Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – discus throw Content: The discus throw event at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, with the qualification and final being held on 7 September 1930. ==Entrants== In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the discus throw event.
Title: Balaenoptera Content: Balaenoptera is the largest genus of the Rorqual whales, containing eight species, including the recently discovered Balaenoptera omurai in 2003. The only rorqual whale which is currently not classified as a member of the genus Balaenoptera is the Humpback Whale, Megaptera novaeangliae. category:Baleen whales
Title: Garry Kasparov Content: Garry Kasparov (born 13 April 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster and political activist. He was born with the name Garry Weinstein, and is partly of Jewish descent. He was the World Chess Champion from 1985 to 2000. In 1993 he broke away from FIDE to make a rival organisation (the PCA), because he felt FIDE had failed to raise enough money for world title matches. There is controversy about that period. By any measure, he is one of the greatest chess players of all time, and was the highest-rated player even after his retirement, It was till much later when Magnus Carlsen took him over. Kasparov became the youngest non-disputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22.Ruslan Ponomariov won the disputed FIDE title, at the age of 18, when the world title was split, but that was the product of short knock- out matches, not a long match of the classical type. He held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when an argument with FIDE led him to set up a rival company, the Professional Chess Association. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. Kasparov lost a match (a series of chess games) against Deep Blue, a computer made by IBM, in 1997. Lately, retired from competition, he has been coaching Magnus Carlsen, the young player from Norway who is the current world #1. ==Politics== thumb|right|300px|Kasparov at a dissenters march in Saint Petersburg on 9 June 2007 After retiring from chess, Kasparov became involved in Russian politics. In 2005, he traveled around Russia, speaking against Vladimir Putin, who was President of Russia at that time. The same year he created the United Civil Front, a political movement whose main goal is to dismantle Putin's regime and restore democracy in Russia. Kasparov was also one of the founders of The Other Russia, an opposition coalition which unites many left and nationalist politicians. He helped organize marches of dissenters involving several thousand people rallying against Putin and governors of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. In October 2007, Kasparov announced his intention of standing for the Russian presidency. In November 2007, he was detained by police at a rally in Moscow and given a jail sentence of five days. On 12 December 2007, Kasparov announced that he had to withdraw his presidential candidacy due to inability to rent a hall where at least 500 of his supporters could meet to endorse his candidacy, as is legally required. Kasparov's spokeswoman accused the government of using pressure to discourage anyone from renting a hall for the gathering.Andrew E. Kramer, "Kasparov says he was forced to end bid for Presidency", The New York Times, 13 December 2007. In 2008 Kasparov and his United Civil Front joined the Solidarity movement. Kasparov is among the 34 first signatories and a key organiser of the online anti-Putin campaign Putin must go started in March 2010.
Title: Maurice Far Eckhard Tió Content: Maurice Far Eckhard Tio (born July 26, 1983 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the C2 road trial race.
Title: Choctaw County, Oklahoma Content: Choctaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 15,342 people lived there. Its county seat is Hugo. == Geography == The county has a total area of 801 square miles.
Title: Wooden horse Content: The wooden horse or Spanish donkey is a torture device where the victim is made to straddle a triangular "horse" and place their full body weight on their genitals, which rested on the point of the angle which causes pain in the lower regions. Sometimes cannonballs or something similar would be tied to the victim's feet. There is also a less intense variation was probably developed for BDSM play. Category:BDSM Category:Torture
Title: Transitional Age Content: Transitional Age  is a 1968 Soviet drama movie directed by Richard Viktorov.Знакомые улицы. 12 фильмов, которые снимали в Волгоградской областиПереходный возраст It stars Elena Proklova, Sergey Makeyev, and Vitali Segeda. == Actors == * Elena Proklova as Olga Alekseyeva * Sergey Makeyev as Kolya (as Serjosha Makeyev) * Vitali Segeda as Vitya * Aleksandr Barsky as Seryozha (as Sasha Barsky) * Lena Bespalova as Lena
Title: Degrees of freedom (statistics) Content: Degrees of freedom refers to the maximum number of logically independent values, which are values that have the freedom to vary, in the data sample. == Understanding Degrees of Freedom == The easiest way to understand degrees of freedom conceptually is through an example: * Consider a data sample consisting of, for the sake of simplicity, five positive integers. The values could be any number with no known relationship between them. This data sample would, theoretically, have five degrees of freedom. * Four of the numbers in the sample are  and the average of the entire data sample is revealed to be 6. * This must mean that the fifth number has to be 10. It can be nothing else. It does not have the freedom to vary. * So the degrees of freedom for this data sample is 4. The formula for degrees of freedom equals the size of the data sample minus one: Df​=N−1 where: Df​=degrees of freedom N=sample size​ Degrees of freedom are commonly discussed in relation to various forms of hypothesis testing in statistics, such as a chi-square. It is essential to calculate degrees of freedom when trying to understand the importance of a chi-square statistic and the validity of the null hypothesis. == Chi-Square Tests == There are two different kinds of chi-square tests: the test of independence, which asks a question of relationship, such as, "Is there a relationship between gender and SAT scores?"; and the goodness-of-fit test, which asks something like "If a coin is tossed 100 times, will it come up heads 50 times and tails 50 times?" For these tests, degrees of freedom are utilized to determine if a certain null hypothesis can be rejected based on the total number of variables and samples within the experiment. For example, when considering students and course choice, a sample size of 30 or 40 students is likely not large enough to generate significant data. Getting the same or similar results from a study using a sample size of 400 or 500 students is more valid. == History == The earliest and most basic concept of degrees of freedom was noted in the early 1800s, intertwined in the works of mathematician and astronomer Carl Friedrich Gauss. The modern usage and understanding of the term were expounded upon first by William Sealy Gosset, an English statistician, in his article "The Probable Error of a Mean," published in Biometrika in 1908 under a pen name to preserve his anonymity.1 In his writings, Gosset did not specifically use the term "degrees of freedom." He did, however, give an explanation for the concept throughout the course of developing what would eventually be known as Student’s T-distribution. The actual term was not made popular until 1922. English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher began using the term "degrees of freedom" when he started publishing reports and data on his work developing chi-squares. Category:Statistics
Title: List of prime ministers of Albania Content: This is a list of prime ministers of Albania. The current Prime Minister is Edi Rama. ==Prime ministers of Albania (1912–Present)== ===Provisional Government of Albania (1912–1914)===
Title: Tony Stewart Content: right|thumb|alt=|Tony Stewart Anthony Wayne Stewart (born May 20, 1971 in Columbus, Indiana) is an American race car driver. He drives the #14 Chevrolet SS in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series. For most of his career in NASCAR, Stewart was driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, but now owns his own team called Stewart Haas Racing. Hurt in August, he could not take a NASCAR start til the end of 2013. ==Career== Tony Stewart started racing in Go-Karts. Then, in 1991, he moved into the United States Auto Club (USAC) series where he won the Rookie of the Year award. This award is given to the best first year driver in the series. Stewart started racing in the Winston Cup series (now called the Sprint Cup series) in 1999. He drove for Joe Gibbs Racing. He finished in second place in his first race. Stewart went on to win the Sprint Cup Championship in 2002. In 2009, Stewart began racing for his own team, named Stewart Haas Racing. Stewart won the 2011 Sprint Cup Championship, beating Carl Edwards. Stewart and Edwards finished the season tied in points, but Tony had won more races during the year then Edwards, so Stewart was given the championship. In 2015, Stewart said that 2016 would be his final year racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.
Title: Hanover Parish, Jamaica Content: thumb|250px|Location in Jamaica Hanover is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Lucea.
Title: Backslash Content: The backslash ( \ ), is a glyph mostly used in computing. It has other names, like reverse slash, backslant, and slosh. It is not used in normal writing, which is one reason for its use in computing. Category:Punctuation Category:Symbols Category:Typography
Title: Jacques Plante Content: Joseph Jacques Omer "Jake the Snake" Plante (January 17, 1929 – February 27, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He grew up in Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, and began to play hockey in 1932. Plante started to play organized hockey at age 12, and his first professional game was at age 18. He played for the Montreal Canadiens from 1953 to 1963; during this time, the team won the Stanley Cup six times, including five wins in a row. Plante first retired in 1965, but he was asked to come back to the NHL to play for a new team, the St. Louis Blues, in 1968. Plante was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1970, and then to the Boston Bruins in 1973. He joined the World Hockey Association, first as coach and general manager for the Quebec Nordiques in 1973–74. After his time with Quebec was not successful, Plante played goal for the Edmonton Oilers in 1974–75. Plante retired for the last time during training camp in the 1975-76 season. Plante is considered one of the most important inventors in ice hockey. Most importantly, Plante was the first NHL goaltender to always wear mask when playing. With the help of other experts, he made and tested many versions of the goalie mask, including a version of today's mask/helmet combination. Plante was the first goaltender to regularly play the puck outside his crease in support of his team's defencemen, and often instructed his teammates from behind the play, as the goaltender usually has the best view of the game. Plante was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978. He was chosen as the goaltender of the Canadiens' "dream team" in 1985. He was inducted into the Quebec Sports Pantheon in 1994. Lastly, the Montreal Canadiens retired Plante's sweater, #1, in 1995. Plante was the eldest of 11 children. In 1949, he married Jacqueline Gagné; they had two sons, Michel and Richard. In 1970, Plante met his second wife, Raymonde Udrisard, with whom he eventually moved to Switzerland. He died in Geneva, on February 27, 1986, shortly after he had been diagnosed with untreatable stomach cancer. He was buried in Sierre. ==Career statistics== ===Regular season===  ==Related pages== *Goalie mask *Glenn Hall *Terry Sawchuk ==Bibliography== *O'Brien, Andy with Plante, Jacques (1973) The Jacques Plante Story. Toronto: McGraw Hill. . *Plante, Jacques (1972). On goaltending: Fundamentals of hockey netminding by the master of the game. Toronto: Collier MacMillan Canada. . :*Published 1972 in French as Devant le filet. Toronto: Collier MacMillan Canada. . :*Both editions reprinted 1997. Montreal: Multimedia Robert Davies. (English) and (French).
Title: Meisterschwanden Content: Meisterschwanden is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. thumb|left|250px|Meisterschwanden and Lake Hallwil, seen from Lindenberg
Title: Amorpha juglandis Content: Amorpha juglandis, or the walnut sphinx is a type of species. It is a part of the genus Amorpha which only has one species(which makes it Monotypic). It is in the family of Sphingidae and was noted by Jacob Hübner in 1809. It was first described by James Edward Smith in 1797. It is native to North America. It is found from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains in Canada and the United States. == Description == The wingspan is 45–75 mm. Amorpha juglandis MHNT CUT 2010 0 266 Edgard, St. John Par. Louisiana USA female dorsal.jpg|Female Amorpha juglandis MHNT CUT 2010 0 266 Edgard, St. John Par. Louisiana female ventral.jpg|Female underside Amorpha juglandis MHNT CUT 2010 0 266 Sank City Sank Co Wisconsin male dorsal.jpg|Male Amorpha juglandis MHNT CUT 2010 0 266 Sank City Sank Co Wisconsin male ventral.jpg|Male underside == Biology == The adult moth is nocturnal. The caterpillar feeds on alder (Alnus), hickory (Carya), hazelnut (Corylus), beech (Fagus), walnut (Juglans), and hop-hornbeam (Ostrya) species. The caterpillar can make a high-pitched whistles. It comes from spiracles in its abdomen. This will startle the bird which will probably not eat it because of that.
Title: Jorat-Mézières Content: thumb|250px|Carrouge thumb|90px|coat of arms Jorat-Mézières is a new municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2016 the former municipalities of Carrouge, Ferlens and Mézières merged to form the new municipality of Jorat-Mézières.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 27 April 2016
Title: Bar-sur-Aube Content: thumb|90px|coat of arms Bar-sur-Aube is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France. Bar-sur-Aube Category:Subprefectures in France
Title: Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut Content: Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut
Title: Obernzell Content: Obernzell  is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany. ==Geography== ===Geographical place=== Obernzell is in the Donau-Wald region at the Danube River. The middle of the Danube River makes the border with Upper Austria. thumb|190px|Schloss Obernzell ===Neighboring communities in Bavaria=== In Bavaria (Passau district): * Thyrnau * Untergriesbach In Upper Austria: * Vichtenstein * Esternberg ===Constituent communities=== The Obernzell Municipality has 21 Districts.: Hammermühle There are the districts of Ederlsdorf, Kellberg and Obernzell . thumb|center|upright=3.5|Obernzell ==History== ===Incorporations=== Once an independent municipality, Ederlsdorf was incorporated on July 1, 1972. ===Population development=== * 1970: 3.426 Residents * 1987: 3.425 Residents * 2000: 3.790 Residents * 2011: 3.850 Residents
Title: Galaxy Express 999 Content: is a manga created in 1977 by Leiji Matsumoto. Many anime movies and television series were created based on this manga. It is set in a high-tech future in which humans have learned how to transfer their minds and emotions into mechanical bodies. By doing so they achieve practical immortality. The manga won the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōnen in 1978. The anime series won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1981. Matsumoto was inspired to create Galaxy Express 999 by the idea of a steam train running through the stars in the novel Night on the Galactic Railroad by Kenji Miyazawa. The movie Galaxy Express 999: Eternal Fantasy was released in 1998.
Title: Escondido, California Content: right|250px right|200px Escondido ( ) is a city located in San Diego County's North County region, northeast of Downtown San Diego, California. Created in 1888, it is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County. The city had a population of 143,911 in the 2010 census.
Title: The American (2010 movie) Content: The American is a 2010 American thriller-drama movie that was based on the novel A Very Private Gentleman by Martin Booth. The movie was directed by Anton Corbijn. The movie was shot and set in Abruzzo. The movie was released on September 1, 2010 and gained a mediocre response from critics. ==Cast== *George Clooney as Jack *Thekla Reuten as Mathilde *Bruce Altman as Larry *Irina Björklund as Ingrid *Paolo Bonacelli as Father Benedetto *Violante Placido as Clara
Title: Ernst Bakker Content: thumb|Ernst Bakker (1981) Ernst Carel Bakker (16 April 1946 in Hellendoorn - 8 February 2014 in Hilversum) was a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66). Bakker was merely active in local politics. He served as a councillor of Amsterdam for several years, and was also an alderman from 1992 to 1998. Afterwards he was mayor of Hilversum from 1998 to 2011. In between he was for a brief period a member of the House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1982. Bakker died at the age of 67 in 2014.
Title: Josefina Villalobos Content: Josefina Villalobos (born August 5, 1924) is an American-born Colombian- Ecuadorian public servant. She was the First Lady of Ecuador serving from August 10, 1992 through August 10, 1996 when her husband, Sixto Durán Ballén, served as President of Ecuador. Ballén and Villalobos had eight children. After Ballén left office, the two retired and lived in Quito, Ecuador. On November 15, 2016, Ballén died at the age of 95.
Title: Henvic Content: Henvic  is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.
Title: Nagorno-Karabakh Content: right|thumb|Map of Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh is a disputed region in the South Caucasus. Legally, it is recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but from 1994 until the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, most of it was militarily controlled by Armenians as the Republic of Artsakh, which is not officially recognized by any other country, including Armenia which supports it. The political status of the region remains unresolved. == Etymology == The names for the region in the different local languages all translate to "mountainous Karabakh", or "mountainous black garden". The word "nagorno" is Russian for "mountainous/on the mountain", "kara" is Turkish for "black", and "bakh" means "garden" in Azerbaijani. * Armenian: , transliterated Lernayin Gharabagh * Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ, or Yuxarı Qarabağ (meaning "upper Karabakh" or "mountainous Karabakh") * Russian: Нагорный Карабах, transliterated Nagornyj Karabakh == History == The region became a subject of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1918 when both states gained brief independence. Two years later, Soviet Union conquered both of the new states and created the Nagorno- Karabakh Autonomous Oblast within Azerbaijan. When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in Moscow and started campaigns of publicity and democratic reforms at the end of the 20th century, Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh sent letters to Gorbachev demanding him to move the autonomous oblast to the control of Armenia. When it was declined, the Armenians started an independence movement. In November 1991, seeking to stop this movement, the Parliament of Azerbaijan abolished the autonomous status of the region. In response, the Nagorno- Karabakh Armenians held a referendum on December 10, 1991, which was boycotted by Azerbaijanis living in Nagorno-Karabakh and none of them participated in it, therefore the overwhelming majority of the population voted for independence. ==Gallery== File:Five principalities of karabakh.png|In the 1500s File:Red kurdistan 1930.png|In 1930 File:Nagorno Karabakh03.png|In 2006 File:Nagorno-Karabakh regions named english.png|In 2006 File:Location Artsakh en.png|Nearby countries File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.svg|Map of the war in 2020 File:2014 Górski Karabach, Klasztor Gandzasar (14).jpg|The Gandzasar monastery, built in the 1200s
Title: House of Commons Content: House of Commons is the name of the lower house in several commonwealth parliaments *House of Commons of the United Kingdom *House of Commons of Canada *The House of Commons of Southern Ireland (1921-1922) *The House of Commons of Northern Ireland (1921-1971)
Title: Dick Wagner Content: Richard Allen "Dick" Wagner (December 14, 1942 – July 30, 2014) was an American rock music guitarist, songwriter and author. He was best known for his work with Alice Cooper, Lou Reed, and KISS. He also fronted his own Michigan-based bands, the Frost and the Bossmen. On July 30, 2014, Wagner died of respiratory failure at the age of 71. He had contracted a lung infection as a complication of recent heart surgery.
Title: Jordin Sparks Content: Jordin Brianna Sparks (born December 22, 1989 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American recording artist, singer and actress. On May 23, 2007, she won the 6th season of the reality television show American Idol. She was the youngest winner of the talent show. She has released two studio albums Jordin Sparks and Battlefield. She has a vocal range of a mezzo-soprano.
Title: Guerrero Content: Guerrero may refer to: * Guerrero (state) * Guerrero Municipality, Chihuahua * Guerrero Municipality, Coahuila * Guerrero Municipality, Tamaulipas
Title: Numb3rs Content: Numbers is a television series that was broadcast on CBS from 2005 to 2010. Category:2005 American television series debuts Category:2010 American television series endings Category:English-language television programs
Title: Mackenzie Crook Content: Paul James "Mackenzie" Crook (born 29 September 1971) is a British actor, writer, director and comedian. He is best known for playing Gareth Keenan in The Office, Ragetti in the Pirates of the Caribbean movies and Orell in the HBO series Game of Thrones. He is also the creator and star of the BBC Four sitcom Detectorists. The series earnt him a BAFTA Award in 2015. Crook was born in Maidstone, Kent, England. He grew up in Dartford, Kent. He has been married to Lindsay since April 2001. The couple have two children, a son and a daughter.
Title: Cindy Sherman Content: Cynthia Morris Sherman (born January 19, 1954) is an American artist and photographer. Her work is mainly about photographic self-portraits. ==Works== Her first famous work is often said to be the collected "Untitled Film Stills". The Untitled Film Stills is a series of 70 black-and-white photographs of herself doing typical women roles in performance media. In the 1980s, she used color film and large prints. She focused more on costume, lighting and facial expression. ==Honors== Sherman was given the MacArthur Fellowship in 1995. She was given an honorary doctorate degree from the Royal College of Art, London, in 2013.Honorary Doctors Royal College of Art, London
Title: Fritzl case Content: The Fritzl case began in 2008, when a woman named Elisabeth Fritzl (born 6 April 1966) told police in the town of Amstetten, Lower Austria that she had been held captive for 24 years by her father, Josef Fritzl (born 9 April 1935). Fritzl had assaulted, sexually abused, and raped her many times when keeping her trapped in the family's basement. The abuse by Elisabeth's father resulted in the birth of seven children. Josef was arrested on suspicion of false imprisonment, rape, manslaughter by negligence, and incest. In March 2009, he pleaded guilty to all counts and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Title: Norwich, New York Content: Norwich is a city in Chenango County, New York, United States. It had a population of 7,190 as of 2010. Category:Cities in New York (state)
Title: Seville Township, Michigan Content: Seville Township is a civil township of Gratiot County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,375 at the 2000 census. Category:Townships in Michigan
Title: Station-to-Station protocol Content: The Station-to-Station (STS) protocol is a cryptographic (information-hiding) key agreement scheme based on the classic Diffie-Hellman key exchange that provides mutual key and entity (party) authentication. In addition to protecting the established key from an attacker, the STS protocol uses no timestamps and provides perfect forward secrecy. It also requires two-way explicit key confirmation, making it an Authenticated key agreement with Key Confirmation (Acronym: AKC) protocol. STS was originally presented in 1987 in the context of ISDN security , finalized in 1989 and generally presented by Whitfield Diffie, Paul C. van Oorschot and Michael J. Wiener in 1992. Category:Cryptography
Title: Moon Je-chun Content: Moon Je-Chun (born 15 April 1987) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.FootballSquads.com, "Tokyo Verdi, #31 Moon Je Chun"; retrieved 2012-9-6. Moon played for FC Sportakademklub Moscow in the Russian First Division.Sportbox.ru, Мун Чжечун; retrieved 2012-9-6. ==Club career statistics== |- |2005||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0 |- |2006||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0 0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0 0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0 |}
Title: Louison Bobet Content: Louis "Louison" Bobet (; 12 March 1925 - 13 March 1983L'Equipe, Cycling database, Louison Bobet) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He was the first to win the Tour de France three times in a row.
Title: Virtue, Liberty and Independence Content: Virtue, Liberty, and Independence is the state motto of Pennsylvania. The motto of Pennsylvania was officially adopted in the year 1875. The meaning of the Pennsylvania State Motto reflects the attitude and hope of the people of New York following the outbreak of the War Of Independence in 1775-1783.
Title: Southern Gothic Content: Southern Gothic is a kind of gothic fiction, different from American literature, that usually takes place in American South. It can be ironic and unique. It is used in writing for subjects such as social issues and the culture of the American South. Category:Fiction genres