Title: July 27 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1054 Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, somewhere North of the Firth of Forth. * 1202 Georgian-Seljuk Wars: At the Battle of Basian, the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum. * 1214 Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies. * 1299 According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding date of the Ottoman State. * 1302 Battle of Bopheus: Ottoman victory over the Byzantines, opening up Bahynia for Turkish conquest. * 1549 Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan. * 1663 The English Parliament passes the Second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. * 1689 The Jacobite Army defeats Government forces in the Battle of Killiecrankie. * 1694 A Royal Charter is granted to the Bank of England. * 1778 American Revolution: First Battle of Usant - British and French fleets fight to a stand-off. * 1789 The United States Department of Foreign Affairs is founded, later being renamed the United States Department of State. * 1793 Maximilien Robespierre takes control of the 'Committee of Public Safety'. * 1794 Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 'Enemies of the Revolution'. * 1830 The July Revolution in France against King Charles II of France. * 1862 Sailing from San Francisco to Panama City, the SS Golden Gate catches fire and sinks off Manzanillo, Mexico. * 1865 Welsh settlers arrive in Chubut, Argentina. * 1866 The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, from Valentia Island, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland. * 1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand - Afghan forces led by Mohammad Ayub Khan defeats a British Army. * 1890 Vincent van Gogh is believed to have shot himself, leading to his death two days later. * 1900 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany makes a speech comparing the Germans to the Huns. The word 'Huns' has often been used as an offensive word to describe Germans ever since. === 1901 2000 === * 1919 The Chicago Race Riot breaks out after an incident on the South Side. Subsequent rioting leads to 38 deaths. * 1921 University of Toronto researchers, led by Frederick Banting, prove that the hormone insulation regulates blood sugar. * 1924 The 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris come to an end. * 1929 The Third Geneva Convention, on dealing with prisoners of war, is signed by 53 nations. * 1940 Bugs Bunny makes his debut (first appearance) on television. * 1941 World War II: Japanese troops occupy French Indochina, in what is now Vietnam. * 1942 World War II: Allied forces successfully halt a final Axis advance into Egypt. * 1945 Clement Attlee becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. * 1953 The Korean War ends. * 1955 The Allied occupation of Austria officially ends. * 1976 Former Prime Minister of Japan Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. * 1983 At Weikada High Security Prison in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 18 Tamil prisoners are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners. * 1990 Belarus declares independence. * 1990 The Jamaat al-Muslimeen group attempts a coup d'état in Trinidad and Tobago. * 1995 The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC. * 1996 A bomb explodes at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, US, killing 1 person. Eric Rudolph carried out the attack. * 1997 Jan Ullrich becomes the first German to win the Tour de France. * 1997 About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria. === From 2001 === * 2002 In New Zealand's election, Helen Clark's Labor Party Government is reelected. * 2002 The world's worst ever air show disaster occurs in Lviv, Ukraine, as a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes, killing 85 people. * 2005 NASA suspends Space Shuttle flights, just a day after the Discovery launch, as, during it, part of the foam insulation sheds from the fuel tank. Repairs are performed on space walks and the Shuttle lands safely on August 9. * 2006 The Federal Republic of Germany is deemed guilty in the loss of Bashkirian 2937 and DHL Flight 611, because it is illegal to outsource flight surveillance. * 2007 Two news helicopters, from TV Stations KNXV and KTVK collide over Phoenix, Arizona, while covering a police chase. * 2012 The 2012 Summer Olympics in London begin. * 2013 Between 65 and 100 people are estimated to have been killed in clashes between the military, and supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi in Cairo, Egypt. * 2018 The longest-lasting total lunar eclipse of the 21st century is seen in many parts of the world; coincidentally, it occurs at the same time as Mars' closest approach to Earth in 15 years. == Births == === Up to 1900 === *1452 Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508) *1667 Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748) *1733 Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779) *1734 Princess Sophie of France (d. 1782) *1740 Jeanne Baret, French naturalist (d. 1803) *1768 Joseph Anton Koch, Austrian painter (d. 1839) *1768 Charlotte Corday, French aristocrat who killed Jean-Paul Marat (d. 1793) *1773 Jacob Aall, Norwegian politician and historian (d. 1844) *1773 Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (d. 1802) *1781 Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1828) *1784 Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (d. 1839) *1824 Alexandre Dumas, fils, French writer (d. 1895) *1833 Thomas George Bonney, geologist (d. 1923) *1834 Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian national hero (d. 1879) *1835 Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer (d. 1907) *1848 Lorand Eotvos, Hungarian physicist (d. 1919) *1851 Guillermo Billinghurst, President of Peru (d. 1915) *1851 Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery, British noblewoman (d. 1890) *1853 Vladimir Korolenko, Russian writer (d. 1921) *1854 Takahashi Korekiyo, 20th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936) *1857 José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican political leader (d. 1921) *1857 Augusta Stowe-Gullen, Canadian physician and feminist (d. 1943) *1857 E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist and philologist (d. 1934) *1866 Antonio José de Almeida, Portuguese politician (d. 1929) *1867 Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (d. 1916) *1870 Hilaire Belloc, English writer (d. 1953) *1877 Ernst von Dohnanyi, Hungarian composer and conductor (d. 1960) *1878 Iwane Matsui, Japanese general (d. 1948) *1879 Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1960) *1880 Joe Tinker, American baseball player (d. 1948) *1881 Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945) *1882 Geoffrey de Havilland, British aircraft designer (d. 1965) *1886 Ernst May, German architect (d. 1970) *1896 Robert George, Scottish-born 24th Governor of South Australia (d. 1967) *1896 Henri Longchambon, French politician (d. 1969) *1900 Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (d. 1976) === 1901 1950 === *1903 Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek politician (d. 2002) *1903 Nikolai Cherkasov, actor (d. 1966) *1904 Lyudmila Rudenko, Russian chess player (d. 1986) *1905 Leo Durocher, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1991) *1906 Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (d. 2000) *1907 Gregory Vlastos, American philosopher (d. 1991) *1908 Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996) *1910 Julien Gracq, French writer (d. 2007) *1910 Lupita Tovar, Mexican actress (d. 2017) *1915 Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (d. 1982) *1916 Elizabeth Hardwick, novelist (d. 2007) *1916 Keenan Wynn, American character actor (d. 1986) *1916 Amha Selassie, Crown Prince of Ethiopia (d. 1997) *1917 Bourvil, French actor (d. 1970) *1918 Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984) *1919 Jack Goody, English social anthropologist (d. 2015) *1922 Norman Lear, American television writer and producer *1923 Masutatsu Oyama, founder of Kyokushin marshal art (d. 1994) *1924 Vincent Canby, movie critic (d. 2000) *1927 Heinz Wewers, German footballer (d. 2008) *1927 John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (d. 2014) *1927 Guy Carawan, American folk musician (d. 2015) *1928 Karl Mai, German footballer (d. 1993) *1928 Joe Kittinger, American pilot *1929 Jean Baudrillard, French philosopher (d. 2007) *1930 Shirley Williams, British politician *1931 Jerry Van Dyke, American actor (d. 2018) *1931 Khieu Samphan, Cambodian politician *1937 Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009) *1938 Isabelle Aubret, French singer *1938 Gary Gygax, American game creator (d. 2008) *1939 Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet *1939 William Eggleston, American photographer *1940 Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (d. 2009) *1940 Gary Kurtz, American film producer (d. 2018) *1942 John Pleshette, American actor, director and screenwriter *1942 Dennis Ralston, American tennis player *1943 Jeremy Greenstock, English diplomat *1943 John Button, English racing driver (d. 2014) *1944 Tony Capstick, English comedian (d. 2003) *1944 Bobbie Gentry, American singer-songwriter *1944 Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist *1944 Barbara Thompson, British musician and composer *1948 Peggy Fleming, American figure skater *1948 Hans Rosling, Swedish physician, academic, statistician and public speaker (d. 2017) *1949 André Dupont, Canadian ice hockey player *1949 Rory MacDonald, Scottish musician (Runrig) *1949 Maureen McGovern, American singer and Broadway actress *1949 Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (d. 2010) === 1951 1975 === *1951 Roseanna Cunningham, Scottish politician *1951 Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (d. 2019) *1952 Roxanne Hart, American actress *1954 Peter L. Allen, actor and musician *1954 Philippe Alliot, French racing driver *1957 Bill Engvall, American comedian *1957 Allan Simmons, English Scrabble player *1958 Christopher Dean, English figure skater *1958 Barbara Rudnik, German actress (d. 2009) *1959 Siobhan Redmond, Scottish actress *1960 Conway Savage, Australian rock singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2018) *1960 Emily Thornberry, English politician *1960 Jo Durie, English tennis player *1961 Daniel C. Burbank, American astronaut *1962 Tony Leung, Chinese actor *1963 Donnie Yen, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer and martial artist *1965 José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer *1965 Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (d. 2016) *1967 Juliana Hatfield, musician *1967 Monique Sluyter, Dutch model *1967 Kellie Waymire, actress (d. 2003) *1968 Cliff Curtis, New Zealand actor *1969 Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress *1969 Triple H, American professional wrestler *1969 Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer *1972 Jill Arrington, American sports reporter *1972 Maya Rudolph, American actress, singer and screenwriter *1972 Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian surgeon and astronaut *1973 Abe Cunningham, American drummer (Deftones) *1974 Eason Chan, Hong Kong pop singer *1975 Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer *1975 Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player *1975 Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player === From 1976 === *1976 Fernando Ricksen, Dutch footballer (d. 2019) *1977 Jonathan Rhys-Meyers, British actor *1977 Björn Dreyer, German footballer *1979 Sidney Govou, French footballer *1979 Shannon Moore, American professional wrestler *1980 Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler *1983 Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer *1983 Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer *1984 Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player *1984 Arynne Sherouse, American writer, actor, and singer *1984 Iekeliene Stange, Dutch model *1985 Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player *1986 DeMarre Carroll, American basketball player *1986 Ryan Flaherty, American baseball player *1987 Marek Hamsik, Slovakian footballer *1987 Jordan Hill, American basketball player *1989 Charlotte Arnold, Canadian actress *1989 Mohamed Bangura, Sierra Leonean footballer *1990 Indiana Evans, Australian actress *1990 Nick Hogan, American reality TV personality *1990 Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1991 Rena Matsui, Japanese singer (AKB48) *1993 Jordan Spieth, American golfer *1994 Winnie Harlow, Canadian model == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 432 Pope Celestine I * 916 Clement of Ohrid, Slavic archbishop and scholar (b. 840) * 1101 Conrad II of Italy (b. 1074) * 1276 King James I of Aragon (b. 1208) * 1365 Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1339) * 1382 Joanna I of Naples (b. 1326) * 1656 Salomo Glassius, German theologian (b. 1593) * 1675 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (b. 1611) * 1759 Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (b. 1698) * 1770 Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693) * 1783 Johann Philipp Kirnberger, German composer and music theorist (b. 1721) * 1841 Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer, poet and painter (b. 1814) * 1844 John Dalton, English physicist and chemist (b. 1776) * 1863 William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (b. 1813) * 1873 Fyodor Tyutchev, Russian poet (b. 1803) * 1883 Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813) === 1901 2000 === * 1917 Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss doctor, won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841) * 1924 Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist (b. 1866) * 1946 Gertrude Stein, American writer and publicist (b. 1874) * 1948 Joe Tinker, American baseball player (b. 1880) * 1962 Richard Herrmann, German footballer (b. 1923) * 1962 James H. Kindelberger, American aerospace pioneer (b. 1895) * 1970 António de Oliveira Salazar, President of Portugal (b. 1889) * 1971 Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1924) * 1978 Bob Heffron, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1890) * 1978 Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and composer (b. 1907) * 1980 Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919) * 1985 Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (b. 1889) * 1987 Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1903) * 1988 Frank Zamboni, American inventor (b. 1901) * 1990 Elizabeth Allan, British actress (b. 1908) * 1991 Gino Colaussi, Italian footballer (b. 1914) * 1995 Miklos Rozsa, Hungarian-American composer (b. 1907) * 1995 Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician (b. 1915) * 1999 Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1912) === From 2001 === * 2001 Leon Wilkeson, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1952) * 2003 Bob Hope, English-American comedian (b. 1903) * 2008 Horst Stein, German conductor (b. 1928) * 2010 Maury Chaykin, American- Canadian actor (b. 1949) * 2011 Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer (b. 1935) * 2012 Jack Taylor, English football referee (b. 1930) * 2012 Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (b. 1944) * 2012 Norman Alden, American actor (b. 1924) * 2012 R. G. Armstrong, American actor (b. 1917) * 2012 Tony Martin, American singer (b. 1913) * 2012 Russ Mayberry, Scottish-American television director (b. 1926) * 2013 Lindy Boggs, American politician (b. 1916) * 2013 Jon Leyne, British journalist (b. 1958) * 2014 Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (b. 1929) * 2014 Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, Japanese-American Rinzai Zen teacher (b. 1907) * 2014 Paul Schell, 50th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1937) * 2014 George Freese, American baseball player (b. 1926) * 2015 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian scientist and politician, 11th President of India (b. 1931) * 2015 Samuel Pisar, Polish-born American lawyer and author (b. 1929) * 2016 Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (b. 1928) * 2016 Jack Davis, American artist (b. 1924) * 2016 Richard Thompson, American cartoonist (b. 1957) * 2016 James Alan McPherson, American writer (b. 1943) * 2016 Jerry Doyle, American actor, broadcaster and political commentator (b. 1956) * 2016 Piet de Jong, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1915) * 2017 D. L. Menard, American singer- songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932) * 2017 Ovidio Messa, Bolivian footballer (b. 1952) * 2017 Sam Shepard, American playwright and actor (b. 1943) * 2017 Marty Sklar, American businessman (b. 1934) * 2017 Magnus Böcker, Swedish businessman (b. 1961) * 2018 Michael P. DeLong, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General (b. 1945) * 2018 Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian sexologist and television presenter (b. 1938) * 2018 Bernard Hepton, English actor (b. 1925) * 2018 Vladimir Voinovich, Russian novelist and journalist (b. 1932) * 2018 Gervase Markham, British computer programmer (b. 1978) * 2018 Enrique Verástegui, Peruvian poet, physicist and philosopher (b. 1950) * 2019 Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (b. 1923) * 2019 Humphrey Mijnals, Surinamese- Dutch footballer (b. 1930) * 2019 Mike Roarke, American baseball player (b. 1930) * 2019 John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist (b. 1931) == Observances == * National Sleepy Head Day (Finland) * Victory Day (North Korea) * José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico) Category:Days of the year