Title: October 1 Content: It is the first day of the last quarter of the year. == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 331 BC Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. * 959 Edgar the Peaceable becomes King of all England. * 1553 Coronation of Queen Mary I of England. * 1787 Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn. * 1791 First session of the French Legislative Assembly. * 1795 Belgium is conquered by France. * 1800 Spain cedes Louisiana to France. * 1811 The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans. * 1814 Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to re-draw Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte the previous Spring. * 1827 Russo-Persian War: The Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia. * 1829 The South African College is founded in Cape Town. It will later split into the University of Cape Town and the South African Colleges. * 1843 British tabloid newspaper, the News of the World, begins publication. It ends publication in 2011 due to a major scandal. * 1847 German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds the Siemens AG and Halske. * 1869 The world's first postcards are issued in Austria. * 1880 John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the US Marine Band. * 1880 The first electric lamp factory is opened by Thomas Edison. * 1884 Denmark's Politiken newspaper is founded. * 1887 Balochistan, in present-day Pakistan, is conquered by the British Empire. * 1889 The Japanese city of Nagoya is founded. * 1890 The Yosemite National Park is established by the United States Congress. * 1891 Stanford University opens in California. === 1901 1950 === * 1903 Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series. * 1908 Ford puts a Model-T car on the market for the first time. * 1910 A bomb destroys The Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21 people. * 1928 The Soviet Union introduces its first Five-Year Plan. * 1931 The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey to New York opens. * 1931 Spain gives women the right to vote. * 1936 Francisco Franco becomes head of the Nationalist Government of Spain. * 1937 The Japanese city of Handa is founded in Aichi prefecture. * 1938 Germany takes control of the Sudetenland in the present-day Czech Republic. * 1939 World War II: Nazi forces enter Warsaw, Poland, after a one-month siege. * 1943 World War II: Naples, Italy falls to the Allies. * 1946 The Nuremberg Trials of leading Nazis conclude. * 1946 Mensa International is founded in the UK. * 1949 Mao Zedong and 300,000 others come to Tiananmen Square to celebrate the Sept.21 creation of the People's Republic of China; within a few months, this celebration becomes the basis for a new National Day. === 1951 2000 === * 1957 First appearance of In God We Trust on US paper currency. * 1958 NASA is created to replace NACA. * 1960 Nigeria becomes independent from the United Kingdom. * 1961 British and French Cameroon (independent since 1960) merge. * 1962 First transmission of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. * 1964 Tōkaidō Shinkansen is opened (Tokyo – Shin-Osaka). * 1965 General Suharto rises to power in a coup in Indonesia. Seven military officers are executed in the early hours of the morning. * 1966 West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with 18 fatalities and no survivors near Wemme, Oregon. * 1968 Guyana moves towards independent broadcasting, when its government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service. * 1969 After Tupolev Tu-144, Concorde becomes the second aircraft type to break the sound barrier. * 1971 Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida. * 1975 In the Thrilla in Manila, Muhammad Ali defends his world heavyweight boxing title against Joe Frazier. * 1975 The Seychelles gain self government; The islands become independent on June 29, 1976. * 1975 The Ellice Islands split from the Gilbert Islands (present-day Kiribati) and change their name to Tuvalu. * 1977 Brazilian footballer Pele ends his playing career. * 1978 Tuvalu becomes independent from the United Kingdom. * 1979 Pope John Paul II visits the United States. * 1979 The United States hands over control of the Panama Canal to Panama, though the full transfer of control occurs at the end of 1999. * 1982 Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany. * 1985 Israel's Air Force bombs Palestinian Liberation Organization headquarters in Tunis, Tunisia. * 1988 Singles' Tennis: Steffi Graf wins the gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, having already won all Grand Slam tournaments of the year, becoming the first, and so far only, winner of a 'Golden Slam' in tennis. * 1989 Denmark introduces the world's first same-sex civil union, or Registered Partnership. * 1991 Balkan War: The Siege of Dubrovnik begins. * 1992 The children's television channel Cartoon Network begins transmission. * 1994 Palau becomes independent from a UN trusteeship administered by the US. * 1995 An earthquake strikes Dinar, Turkey, killing 100 people. * 2000 The 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, end. === From 2001 === * 2001 Militants attack the state legislature building in Srinagar, Kashmir, killing 38 people. * 2005 Bali is devastated by a terrorist attack, in which 26 people are killed after bombs explode. * 2009 The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over the judicial functions of the House of Lords. * 2012 A ferry collision in Hong Kong kills 38 people and injures over 100. * 2013 The United States Government temporarily shuts down after failing to agree on a budget. * 2014 Jens Stoltenberg becomes Secretary-General of NATO. * 2017 Same-sex marriages take place in Germany for the first time. * 2017 A ban on face covering in public places enters into force in Austria. * 2017 Catalonia holds a disputed referendum on whether or not to become independent from Spain. * 2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting: Stephen Paddock carries out the deadliest shooting by a single gunman in recent US history in Las Vegas when he fires shots from two windows of his 32nd floor room on the Mandalay Bay Hotel onto a crowd in a country music festival, killing 59 people and wounding more than 500. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 86 BC Sallust, Roman historian (d. 35 BC) * 208 Alexander Severus, Roman Emperor (d. 235) * 1207 King Henry III of England (d. 1272) * 1348 Isabella, Countess of Vertus, French princess (d. 1373) * 1471 King Frederick I of Denmark (d. 1533) * 1507 Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573) * 1540 Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. 1617) * 1541 El Greco, Greek-Spanish painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1614) * 1577 Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Swiss friar and saint (d. 1622) * 1620 Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683) * 1644 Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682) * 1671 Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742) * 1685 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740) * 1691 Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768) * 1724 Giovanni Battista Cirri, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1808) * 1729 Anton Cajetan Adlgasser, German organist and composer (d. 1777) * 1730 Richard Stockton, American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781) * 1754 Tsar Paul I of Russia (d. 1801) * 1760 William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844) * 1771 Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842) * 1791 Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859) * 1794 Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt (d. 1871) * 1800 Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish botanist and Christian missionary to Lapland (d. 1861) === 1801 1900 === * 1808 Mary Anna Custis Lee, First Lady of the Confederate States of America (d. 1873) * 1821 Benjamin T. Biggs, American politician and Governor of Delaware (d. 1893) * 1832 Caroline Harrison, First Lady of the United States (d. 1892) * 1835 Adam Politzer, Austro-Hungarian physician (d. 1920) * 1842 Charles Clos, French poet and inventor (d. 1888) * 1846 Nectarios de Aegina, Greek saint (d. 1920) * 1847 Annie Besant, English-Indian activist and author (d. 1933) * 1850 David R. Francis, American politician and diplomat, Governor of Missouri and Ambassador to Russia (d. 1927) * 1865 Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935) * 1872 Henry H. Blood, Governor of Utah (d. 1942) * 1878 Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950) * 1881 William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956) * 1885 Louis Untermeyer, American writer (d. 1977) * 1890 Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982) * 1890 Alice Joyce, American actress (d. 1955) * 1893 Yip Man, Chinese martial artist (d. 1972) * 1894 Edgar Krahn, Estonian mathematician (d. 1961) * 1896 Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951) * 1896 Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937) * 1900 Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian-born pianist (d. 1989) * 1904 Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979) * 1904 A. K. Goppalan, Indian politician (d. 1977) * 1905 José Leandro Andrade, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1957) * 1905 Alfons Goppel, German politician, Prime Minister of Bavaria (d. 1991) * 1906 Sachin Dev Burman, Indian composer and singer (d. 1975) * 1907 Maurice Bardèche, French journalist, author and critic (d. 1998) * 1909 Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (d. 1998) * 1910 Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (Bonnie and Clyde) (d. 1934) * 1911 Heinrich Mark, Estonian politician (d. 2004) * 1912 Kathleen Ollerenshaw, British mathematician and politician (d. 2014) * 1914 Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004) * 1914 Marvin Gay, Sr., father of Marvin Gaye (d. 1998) * 1915 Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016) * 1917 Cahal Daly, Irish archbishop (d. 2009) * 1920 Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000) * 1921 James Whitmore, American actor (d. 2009) * 1922 Chen Ning Yang, Chinese- American physicist * 1922 Kim Ki-young, South Korean movie director (d. 1998) * 1924 Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize * 1924 William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005) * 1924 Bob Geigel, American wrestling promoter (d. 2014) * 1924 Leonie Kramer, Australian academic (d. 2016) * 1925 Bob Boyd, American baseball player (d. 2004) * 1925 Benno Pludra, German writer (d. 2014) * 1927 Tom Bosley, American actor (d. 2010) * 1927 Sandy Gall, Scottish journalist and writer * 1927 Márta Kurtág, Hungarian pianist (d. 2019) * 1928 Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973) * 1928 George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994) * 1928 Zhu Rongji, Chinese politician * 1930 Sir Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002) * 1930 Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006) * 1930 Frank Gardner, Australian Formula One driver (d. 2009) * 1930 Naimatullah Khan, Pakistani politician * 1931 Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer * 1932 Albert Collins, American blues guitarist (d. 1993) * 1932 Manuel Busto, French cyclist (d. 2017) * 1934 Emilio Botín, Spanish businessman (d. 2014) * 1935 Julie Andrews, British actress and singer * 1935 Walter De Maria, American sculptor (d. 2013) * 1935 Julio Jaramillo, Ecuadorean singer (d. 1978) * 1936 Duncan Edwards, English footballer (d. 1958) * 1938 Stella Stevens, American actress * 1938 Mary McFadden, American fashion designer and writer * 1939 George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005) * 1942 Günter Wallraff, German writer and journalist * 1942 David Stancliffe, 77th Bishop of Salisbury, England * 1943 Jean-Jacques Annaud, French director * 1945 Rod Carew, Panamanian baseball player * 1945 Ram Nath Kovind, Indian politician, President of India * 1946 Dave Holland, British jazz musician and composer * 1947 Dave Arneson, American game creator (d. 2009) * 1947 Stephen Collins, American actor * 1947 Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry * 1948 Cub Koda, American singer (d. 2000) * 1949 Isaac Bonewits, American writer (d. 2010) * 1949 André Rieu, Dutch violinist, conductor and composer * 1949 Sheila Gilmore, Scottish politician * 1950 Boris Morukov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2015) * 1950 Randy Quaid, American actor * 1950 Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, English neuroscientist, academic and politician === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Jacques Martin, Canadian ice hockey coach * 1953 Klaus Wowereit, German politician, former Governing Mayor of Berlin * 1953 Grete Waitz, Norwegian marathon runner (d. 2011) * 1954 Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer * 1955 Jeff Reardon, American baseball player * 1955 Morten Gunnar Larsen, Norwegian pianist * 1956 Andrus Ansip, former Prime Minister of Estonia * 1956 Theresa May, British politician, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom * 1959 Youssou N'Dour, Senegalese singer, musician, composer and politician * 1961 Walter Mazzarri, Italian footballer * 1961 Gary Ablett, Sr., Australian footballer * 1962 Attaphol Buspakom, Thai footballer and coach (d. 2015) * 1962 Nico Claesen, Belgian footballer * 1962 Esai Morales, American actor * 1963 Mark McGwire, American baseball player * 1964 Harry Hill, British comedian * 1964 Max Matsuura, Japanese singer-songwriter * 1964 Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and writer * 1964 Christopher Titus, American actor, producer and screenwriter * 1965 Andreas Keller, German field hockey player * 1966 George Weah, Liberian footballer and politician, President of Liberia * 1967 Scott Young, American ice hockey player * 1968 Jon Guenther, American writer * 1968 Phil de Glanville, English rugby player * 1969 Marcus Stephen, Nauruan weightlifter and politician, former President of Nauru * 1969 Igor Ulanov, Russian ice hockey player * 1969 Zach Galifianakis, American actor, comedian, producer and screenwriter * 1969 Simone Stelzer, Austrian singer * 1974 Mats Lindgren, Swedish ice hockey player * 1974 Keith Duffy, Irish singer (Boyzone) and actor * 1975 Chulpan Khamatova, Russian actress === From 1976 === * 1976 Umit Karan, Turkish footballer * 1977 Jeffrey van Hooydonk, Belgian racing driver * 1979 Rudi Johnson, American football player * 1981 Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer * 1981 Rupert Friend, English actor, producer and screenwriter * 1982 Haruna Babangida, Nigerian footballer * 1983 Mohamed Abdelwahab, Egyptian footballer (d. 2006) * 1983 Mirko Vucinic, Montenegrin footballer * 1984 Daniel Guillén, Spanish footballer * 1984 Mónica Spear, Venezuelan model (d. 2014) * 1985 Nazimuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi cricketer * 1986 Ricardo Vaz Te, Portuguese footballer * 1986 Matthew Gonzalez, American figure skater * 1986 Daniela Katzenberger, German model and television personality * 1986 Sayaka Kanda, Japanese actress and singer * 1987 Hiroki Aiba, Japanese actor and singer * 1988 Cariba Heine, South African-Australian actress * 1989 Brie Larson, American actress and singer * 1990 Charlie McDonnell, English blogger * 1998 Danika Yarosh, American actress == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 686 Emperor Temmu of Japan (b. 631) * 959 King Edwy of England (b. 941) * 1040 Alan III, Duke of Brittany (b. 997) * 1310 Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257) * 1404 Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356) * 1499 Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433) * 1567 Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508) * 1578 John of Austria (b. 1547) * 1588 Edward James, English priest and martyr (b. 1557) * 1609 Giammatteo Asola, Italian composer (b. 1532) * 1684 Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (b. 1606) * 1708 John Blow, English composer (b. 1649) * 1768 Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687) * 1837 Robert Clark, American politician (b. 1777) * 1864 Juan José Flores, 1st President of Ecuador (b. 1800) * 1868 Mongkut, King of Siam, present-day Thailand (b. 1804) * 1878 Midon Min, King of Burma (b. 1808) * 1895 John Light Atlee, American physician and surgeon (b. 1799) === 1901 2000 === * 1901 Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir (b. 1844) * 1913 Eugene O'Keefe, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1827) * 1919 Princess Charlotte of Prussia (b. 1860) * 1929 Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor and painter (b. 1861) * 1942 Ants Piip, Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1884) * 1950 Faik Ali Ozansoy, Turkish politician, poet and critic (b. 1876) * 1952 John Langenus, Belgian football referee (b. 1891) * 1955 Charles Christie, American movie producer (b. 1880) * 1957 Abdülhalik Renda, Turkish civil servant and politician (b. 1881) * 1959 Enrico de Nicola, first President of Italy (b. 1877) * 1960 Giuseppe Fietta, Italian cardinal (b. 1883) * 1968 Romano Guardini, Italian priest, theologian and philosopher (b. 1885) * 1972 Louis Leakey, British-Kenyan palaeontologist (b. 1903) * 1985 E. B. White, American writer (b. 1899) * 1992 Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947) * 1992 Gert Bastian, German politician (b. 1923) * 1994 Paul Lorenzen, German philosopher and mathematician (b. 1915) * 1996 Pat McGeown, Provisional IRA member (b. 1956) * 1999 Lena Zavaroni, Scottish singer (b. 1963) * 2000 Reginald Cray, English gangster (b. 1933) === From 2001 === * 2002 Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (b. 1908) * 2004 Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923) * 2007 Ronnie Hazlehurst, English conductor and theme song composer (b. 1928) * 2007 Al Oerter, American athlete (b. 1936) * 2009 Kazumi Takada, Japanese footballer (b. 1951) * 2011 Sven Tumba, Swedish ice hockey player, golfer and footballer (b. 1931) * 2011 David Bedford, British composer (b. 1937) * 2012 Eric Hobsbawm, British historian and writer (b. 1917) * 2012 Dirk Bach, German actor, television presenter and comedian (b. 1961) * 2012 Moshe Sanbar, Israeli economist (b. 1926) * 2013 Peter Broadbent, English footballer (b. 1933) * 2013 Giuliano Gemma, Italian actor (b. 1938) * 2013 Tom Clancy, American writer (b. 1947) * 2013 Israel Gutman, Israeli historian (b. 1923) * 2014 Shlomo Lahat, Israeli general and politician (b. 1927) * 2014 Lynsey de Paul, English singer-songwriter (b. 1950) * 2015 Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (b. 1985) * 2015 Don Edwards, American politician (b. 1915) * 2015 Jacob Pressman, American rabbi (b. 1919) * 2015 Joe Wark, Scottish footballer (b. 1947) * 2015 Max Keeping, Canadian broadcaster (b. 1942) * 2017 Hansje Bunschoten, Dutch swimmer and television presenter (b. 1958) * 2017 Robert D. Hales, American religious leader (b. 1932) * 2017 Arthur Janov, American psychologist and author (b. 1924) * 2017 Edmond Maire, French labour union leader and activist (b. 1931) * 2017 Larissa Volpert, Russian-Estonian philologist and chess player (b. 1926) * 2017 Edward B. Giller, American Major General (b. 1918) * 2017 Andy Hopkins, American football player (b. 1941) * 2017 Philippe Rahmy, Swiss poet and writer (b. 1965) * 2017 Stephen Paddock, American accountant and mass murderer (b. 1953) * 2018 Charles Aznavour, French-Armenian singer, actor and diplomat (b. 1924) * 2018 Stelvio Cipriani, Italian composer (b. 1937) * 2018 Carlos Ezquerra, Spanish comic artist (b. 1947) * 2018 Jerry González, American bandleader and trumpeter (b. 1949) * 2018 Do Muoi, Vietnamese politician (b. 1917) * 2018 Graciano Rocchigiani, German boxer (b. 1963) * 2018 Franco Sar, Italian decathlete (b. 1933) * 2018 Antoine Sfeir, Lebanese journalist and professor (b. 1948) * 2019 Joseph Bismuth, Tunisian businessman (b. 1926) * 2019 Cain Hope Felder, American theologian and writer (b. 1943) * 2019 Karel Gott, Czech singer (b. 1939) * 2019 Miguel León-Portilla, Mexican anthropologist and historian (b. 1926) * 2019 C. K. Menon, Indian businessman and politician (b. 1949) * 2019 Eric Pleskow, Austrian-born American film producer (b. 1924) * 2019 Peter Sissons, English journalist and broadcaster (b. 1942) * 2019 Arto Tchakmaktchian, Egyptian-born Armenian-Canadian sculptor and painter (b. 1933) == Observances == * National Day (China, Cyprus, Tuvalu, and Palau) * Independence Day (Nigeria) * Unification Day (Cameroon) * Teacher's Day (Uzbekistan) * Armed Forces Day (South Korea) * International Day of Older Persons October 01