Title: Emperor Kameyama Content: (9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305), was the 90th emperor of Japan, in the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 亀山天皇 (90); retrieved 2011-10-16. His reign started in 1259 and ended in 1274.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 253-261; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 232-233; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002). "Kameyama Tennō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 461. ==Traditional history== Before he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was .Titsingh, p. 253; Varley, p. 232. The posthumous name of Kameyama comes from the place name of the emperor's tomb, in a section of Kyoto. He was the seventh son of Emperor Go-Saga and the younger brother of Emperor Go- Fukakusa.Martin, Peter. (1997). The Chrysanthemum Throne: a History of the Emperors of Japan, p. 81. Kameyama was the father of 36 children, including the son and heir who became Emperor Go-Uda.Martin, pp. 81-82. ==Events of Kameyama's life== * 1258 (Shōka 2): Kameyama's son, Prince Tsunehito was named Crown Prince and heir at age nine. * 1259 (Shōgen 1, 11th month): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign, he abdicated. Go-Fukakusa's younger brother got the succession (senso).Titsingh, p. 253. Soon after, Emperor Kameyama accepted the monarch's role, duties and powers (sokui). This was confirmed in ceremonies.Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no- Rei); retrieved 2011-12-23. * 1268 (Bun'ei 5): Kameyama did not answer a letter from Kublai Khan which demanded tribute. Khan, the leader of China, saw this non-response as rude and not respectful. * 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 1st month): In the 15th year of Kameyama's reign, he abdicated.Titsingh, p. 261. * 19 November 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Yuan China (Kublai Khan) sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū. This was the "Battle of Bun'ei" or the 1st Mongol Invasion. The same day, a storm sank many of the ships with the main part of the invading army. The invaders ran away to Korea.Davis, Paul K. (2001). 100 decisive battles: from ancient times to the present, p. 147. During the short fight, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400, p. 66. * 1281 (Kōan 4): This is called the "Battle of Kōan" or the 2nd Mongol Invasion. A typhoon broke up the invading fleet; and this act of 'divine wind' was called kamekaze. * 1291 (Shōō 4): Kameyama helped to found the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyōto.Martin, p. 81 * 1305 (Kagen 3): Kameyama died. ===After his death=== The Imperial Household Agency say the mausoleum (misasagi) of Kameyama is in Kyoto. The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine there.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 422. ==Eras of reign== The years of Kameyama's reign cover more than one era name.Titsingh, pp. 253-261. * Bun'ō, 1260-1261 * Kōchō, 1261-1264 * Bun'ei, 1264-1275 == Related pages == * Emperor of Japan * List of emperors of Japan * Japanese imperial family tree * Emperor Go-Kameyama