Title: November 9 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1282 - Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon. * 1313 - Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin, Frederick I of Austria, in the Battle of Gamelsdorf. * 1456 - Ulrich II of Celje, the last prince of the Celje principality in present-day Slovenia, is murdered in Belgrade. * 1492 – Peace of Etaples between Henry VII and Charles VIII. * 1494 – Family de' Medici become rulers of Florence. * 1520 - Over 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath. * 1620 - Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at present-day Cape Cod, Massachusetts. * 1688 - Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter, Devon. * 1729 – Spain, France & England sign the Treaty of Seville. * 1780 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Fishdam Ford. * 1791 - Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen. * 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire. * 1802 - From Callao, Peru, Alexander von Humboldt observes the transit of the planet Mercury. * 1861 - The first-documented Canadian football match is played at University College, University of Toronto. * 1862 - American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside takes over control of the Army of the Potomac. * 1867 - The Tokugawa Shogunate hands power back to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration. * 1872 – The Great Boston Fire of 1872 occurs in Boston, Massachusetts. * 1880 - A large earthquake strikes Zagreb, present-day Croatia. The city's cathedral is among the buildings either destroyed or heavily damaged. * 1887 – The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. * 1888 – Jack the Ripper kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim. === 1901 2000 === * 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country (to inspect progress on the Panama Canal). * 1907 - The Cullinan Diamond is presented to Edward VII of the United Kingdom on his 66th birthday. * 1913 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 occurs, destroying 19 ships and killing over 250 people. * 1914 - World War I: The SMS Emden is sunk by the HMAS Sydney in the Battle of Cocos. * 1917 - Joseph Stalin enters the Provisional Governor of Soviet Russia. * 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic. * 1918 – Kurt Eisner, Provisional National Council Minister-President, declares Bavaria to be a republic. * 1923 – In Munich, Germany, policeman and troops crush the Beer Hall Putsch coup attempt by the Nazi Party. * 1936 - Nazis remove the statue of Felix Mendelssohn in Leipzig in the night to November 10. * 1937 – Japanese troops take control of Shanghai, China. * 1938 – Kristallnacht, Nazi Germany's first large-scale act of physical anti-Jewish violence, begins. * 1944 - Otto Hahn wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. * 1953 – Cambodia becomes independent from France. * 1953 - Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, the first King of Saudi Arabia, dies. As of 2013, he is the father of all the Saudi Kings that have reigned since his death. * 1960 - Robert McNamara becomes President of the Ford Motor Company, the first person from outside Henry Ford's family to get this position. * 1963 - At Miike Coal Mine in Miike, Japan, an explosion kills 458 people and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning. * 1965 - In the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos is elected President over Diosdado Macapagal. * 1965 - A large power blackout affects the Northeastern United States and parts of Southeastern Canada. * 1967 – NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy. * 1967 - The first issue of Rolling Stone magazine is published. * 1985 – Garry Kasparov of the Soviet Union becomes the youngest world chess champion, defeating Anatoly Karpov, also of the Soviet Union. * 1989 – Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to freely travel to West Germany. * 1993 – The Stari most (Old Bridge) in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina collapses in the Balkan War, and becomes a symbol of the conflict. * 1994 – Discovery of the chemical element Darmstadtium. * 1997 - BBC News 24, now called the BBC News Channel, goes on transmission. * 2000 - The Indian state of Uttarakhand is created out of parts of Uttar Pradesh. === From 2001 === * 2004 – Mozilla Firefox 1.0 released. This has become one of Microsoft Internet Explorer's biggest competitors. * 2005 - The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. * 2005 – A suicide bombing in Amman, Jordan, kills at least 60 people. * 2007 - The German Bundestag passes the controversial Data Retention Bill, allowing storage of citizens' telecommunications traffic data for six months. * 2012 - Justin Welby is announced as the successor to Rowan Williams as Archbishop of Canterbury. * 2012 - David Petraeus resigns as head of the CIA. * 2014 - Catalonia holds a symbolic vote on independence from Spain. * 2016 - A tram crashes in Croydon, South London, killing 7 people. * 2019 - A religious site disputed by both Muslims and Hindus in Ayodhya, India, is given to Hindus by a court decision. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 955 - Gyeongjong of Korea (d. 981) * 1389 – Isabella of Valois, Queen-consort of England (d. 1409) * 1414 - Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1486) * 1522 – Martin Chemnitz, German theologian (d. 1586) * 1606 - Hermann Conring, German philosopher (d. 1681) * 1664 - Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695) * 1664 - Johann Speth, German organist and composer (d. 1719) * 1697 - Claudio Casciolini, Italian composer (d. 1760) * 1719 - Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani, Italian law professor, priest, chess player, composer and theoretician (d. 1796) * 1721 - Mark Akenside, English poet and physician (d. 1770) * 1723 - Anna Amalia, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Prussian royal and composer (d. 1787) * 1731 - Benjamin Banneker, African American astronomer (d. 1806) * 1787 - Johann Natterer, Austrian explorer and naturalist (d. 1843) * 1799 – Gustavus, Crown Prince of Sweden (d. 1877) * 1801 - Gail Borden, American publisher and inventor (d. 1874) * 1802 - Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (d. 1837) * 1810 - Thomas Bragg, American politician (d. 1872) * 1818 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (d. 1883) * 1825 - A. P. Hill, American Confederate general (d. 1865) * 1829 - Peter Lumsden, British general (d. 1918) * 1832 - Emile Gaboriau, French writer (d. 1873) * 1840 - Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, 5th Premier of Quebec (d. 1898) * 1841 – Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom (d. 1910) * 1850 – Louis Lewin, German pharmacologist (d. 1929) * 1853 - Stanford White, American architect (d. 1906) * 1855 - Alexandros Zaimis, Greek politician (d. 1936) * 1862 - Gigo Gabashvili, Georgian painter (d. 1936) * 1869 - Marie Dressler, Canadian-American actress (d. 1934) * 1871 - Florence Sabin, American anatomist (d. 1953) * 1872 - Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian writer and poet (d. 1941) * 1873 - Fritz Thyssen, German businessman (d. 1951) * 1874 - Albert Francis Blakeslee, American botanist (d. 1954) * 1876 - Ahn Changho, Korean independence activist (d. 1938) * 1877 – Enrico de Nicola, 1st President of Italy (d. 1959) * 1877 – Muhammad Iqbal, national poet of Pakistan (d. 1938) * 1878 - An Chang-ho, Korean independence activist (d. 1938) * 1880 - Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect and designer (d. 1960) * 1882 - Roy E. Ayers, 11th Governor of Montana (d. 1955) * 1883 – Edna May Oliver, American actress (d. 1942) * 1883 - Charles Demuth, American painter (d. 1935) * 1885 – Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (d. 1955) * 1885 - Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian writer (d. 1922) * 1886 - Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966) * 1888 - Jean Monnet, French businessman and statesman (d. 1979) * 1892 - Mabel Normand, American actress (d. 1930) * 1894 - Mae Marsh, American actress (d. 1968) * 1897 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist (d. 1978) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 - Anthony Asquith, British movie director (d. 1968) * 1903 - Josefina Pla, Spanish poet, playwright, art critic, painter and journalist (d. 1999) * 1904 - Viktor Brack, German Nazi physician and war criminal (d. 1945) * 1905 – Erika Mann, German writer (d. 1969) * 1907 - Ko Takamoro, Japanese footballer (d. 1995) * 1914 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000) * 1915 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011) * 1918 – Choi Hong Hi, co- founder of Taekwondo (d. 2002) * 1918 – Spiro Agnew, 39th Vice President of the United States and 55th Governor of Maryland (d. 1996) * 1918 - Thomas Ferebee, American Enola Gay bombardier (d. 2000) * 1919 - Eva Todor, Hungarian-Brazilian actress (d. 2017) * 1920 - Byron De La Beckwith, American assassin and white supremacist (d. 2001) * 1921 - Viktor Chukarin, Soviet gymnast (d. 1984) * 1922 - Dorothy Dandridge, American actress and singer (d. 1965) * 1922 - Augusto Vargas Alzamora, Archbishop of Lima (d. 2000) * 1923 - Alice Coachman, American athlete (d. 2014) * 1923 - James Schuyler, American poet, playwright and novelist (d. 1991) * 1924 - Joy Page, American actress (d. 2008) * 1925 - Giovanni Coppa, Italian cardinal (d. 2016) * 1925 - Alistair Horne, English journalist, biographer and historian (d. 2017) * 1925 - Helmut Rohde, German politician (d. 2016) * 1926 - Dominguín, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1996) * 1926 - Vicente Aranda, Spanish movie director (d. 2015) * 1927 - Shlomo Lahat, Israeli general and politician (d. 2014) * 1928 - Anne Sexton, American poet (d. 1974) * 1929 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer (d. 2016) * 1929 - Aleksandra Pakhmutova, Russian composer * 1931 - Whitey Herzog, American baseball player * 1934 – Ingvar Carlsson, 29th Prime Minister of Sweden * 1934 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer (d. 1996) * 1934 - Ronald Harwood, British movie producer and actor * 1935 - Bob Gibson, American baseball player * 1936 – Bob Graham, American politician, 38th Governor of Florida * 1936 - Eduard Punset, Spanish politician and science populariser (d. 2019) * 1936 – Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (d. 1992) * 1936 – Mary Travers, American singer (d. 2009) * 1937 – Roger McGough, English poet * 1937 - Clyde Wells, 5th Premier of Newfoundland * 1939 - Björn Engholm, German politician * 1941 - Tom Fogerty, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1990) * 1942 – Tom Weiskopf, American golfer * 1944 – Herbert Wimmer, German footballer * 1944 - Phil May, English singer * 1947 – Robert David Hall, American actor * 1948 – Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football manager * 1948 - Viktor Matviyenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (d. 2018) * 1948 - Bille August, Danish director, cinematographer and screenwriter * 1948 - Jane Humphries, English economist, historian and academic === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Lou Ferrigno, American bodybuilder * 1952 – Jack W. Szostak, British- American molecular biologist * 1952 - Sherrod Brown, American politician and United States Senator from Ohio * 1954 – Dennis Stratton, British musician * 1955 – Karen Dotrice, British actress * 1955 - Fernando Meirelles, Brazilian movie director * 1956 - Lei Clijsters, Belgian footballer (d. 2009) * 1959 - Tony Slattery, British actor * 1959 - Frances O'Grady, British union leader * 1959 – Thomas Quasthoff, German operatic baritone * 1960 – Andreas Brehme, German footballer * 1961 - Jill Dando, English television presenter (d. 1999) * 1961 - Jackie Kay, Scottish poet * 1962 - Sergio Batista, Argentine footballer * 1965 – Bryn Terfel, Welsh operatic baritone * 1965 - Daphne Guinness, English-Irish model and actress * 1967 - Yoshiro Moriyama, Japanese footballer * 1969 - Pepa, American rapper * 1970 – Scarface, American rapper * 1970 - Bill Guerin, American ice hockey player * 1970 - Chris Jericho, American professional wrestler, actor, radio presenter and rock musician * 1971 - Sabri Lamouchi, French football coach and manager * 1972 – Eric Dane, American actor * 1973 – Zisis Vryzas, Greek footballer * 1973 - Nick Lachey, American singer * 1973 - Belén Esteban, Spanish journalist and television presenter * 1974 – Alessandro Del Piero, Italian footballer * 1974 - Giovanna Mezzogiorno, Italian actress * 1975 - Gareth Malone, English choirmaster and broadcaster * 1975 - Maria Ribeiro, Brazilian actress * 1975 - Raphaël Enthoven, French philosophy teacher, radio host and television host === From 1976 === * 1977 - Omar Trujillo, Mexican footballer * 1978 - Olga Brusnikina, Russian synchronized swimmer * 1979 - Adam Dunn, American baseball player * 1979 – Martin Taylor, English footballer * 1979 - Caroline Flack, English television presenter * 1980 - James Harper, English footballer * 1980 - Dominique Maltais, Canadian snowboarder * 1980 - Vanessa Minnillo, Filipina television host and actress * 1981 - Scottie Thompson, American actress * 1981 - Termanology, American rapper * 1982 - Jana Pittman, Australian athlete * 1982 - Boaz Myhill, Welsh footballer * 1983 - Gabriel Tamas, Romanian footballer * 1984 - French Montana, Moroccan-American singer and rapper * 1985 - Ku Hye Sun, South Korean actress * 1985 – Bakary Soumaré, Malian footballer * 1986 - Carl Gunnarsson, Swedish ice hockey player * 1986 - Prince Tagoe, Ghanaian footballer * 1988 – Nikki Blonsky, American actress * 1988 - Analeigh Tipton, American model, actress and figure skater * 1988 - Cheyenne Tozzi, Australian model and singer * 1989 - Baptiste Giabiconi, French singer and male model * 1990 - Frankie Jones, Welsh rhythmic gymnast * 1990 - Nosa Igiebor, Nigerian footballer * 1993 - Pete Dunne, English wrestler * 1996 - Momo Hirai, Japanese singer * 1999 - Karol Sevilla, Mexican actress, singer and YouTuber == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 959 – Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 905) * 1187 – Emperor Gaozong of China (b. 1107) * 1208 - Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon (b. 1155) * 1456 - Ulrich II, Count of Celje (b. 1406) * 1516 - Ferdinand of Aragon (b. 1452) * 1581 - Bayinnaung, King of Burma (b. 1516) * 1641 - Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, Spanish Governor of the Netherlands and Bishop of Toledo * 1699 - Hortense Mancini, Italian mistress to Charles II (b. 1646) * 1766 - Unico Wilhelm von Wassenaer, Dutch composer (b. 1692) * 1778 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720) * 1848 – Robert Blum, German politician and revolutionary (b. 1807) * 1856 - John M. Clayton, United States Secretary of State (b. 1796) * 1875 – William Hovell, English explorer of Australia (b. 1786) * 1888 – Mary Jane Kelly, the fifth murder victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1863) === 1901 2000 === * 1911 - Howard Pyle, American illustrator and writer (b. 1853) * 1918 – Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880) * 1918 - Peter Lumsden, British general (b. 1829) * 1919 - Eduard Müller, Swiss politician (b. 1848) * 1924 - Henry Cabot Lodge, American politician (b. 1850) * 1937 – Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866) * 1940 – Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1869) * 1942 – Edna May Oliver, American actress (b. 1883) * 1944 - Frank Marshall, American chess player (b. 1877) * 1952 – Chaim Weizmann, first President of Israel (b. 1874) * 1952 - Philip Murray, American labor leader (b. 1886) * 1953 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and writer (b. 1914) * 1953 – Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, first King of Saudi Arabia (b. 1880) * 1953 - Louise DeKoven Bowen, American philanthropist and activist (b. 1859) * 1956 - Aino Kallas, Finnish author (b. 1878) * 1962 - Dhondo Keshav Karve, Indian Saint (b. 1858) * 1970 – Charles de Gaulle, President of France (b. 1890) * 1980 - Toyen, Czech Surrealist painter (b. 1902) * 1988 - David Bauer, Canadian ice hockey player and priest (b. 1924) * 1988 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General (b. 1913) * 1991 – Yves Montand, French actor (b. 1921) * 1992 - Charles Fraser-Smith, British inventor (b. 1904) * 1996 - Joe Ghiz, 27th Premier of Prince Edward Island (b. 1945) * 1997 – Carl Gustav Hempel, German philosopher (b. 1905) * 1997 – Helenio Herrera, Argentine footballer and manager (b. 1910) * 1998 - Ursula Reit, German actress (b. 1914) * 1999 - Mabel King, American actress (b. 1932) * 2000 - Hugh Paddick, British actor (b. 1916) === From 2001 === * 2001 – Giovanni Leone, Italian politician (b. 1908) * 2003 – Art Carney, American actor (b. 1918) * 2004 – Emlyn Hughes, English footballer (b. 1947) * 2004 – Stieg Larsson, Swedish writer (b. 1954) * 2005 – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (b. 1920) * 2006 - Ed Bradley, American journalist (b. 1941) * 2006 - Markus Wolf, East German intelligence director (b. 1923) * 2008 - Executions for the Bali bombings: **Huda bin Abdul Haq, Indonesian terrorist (b. 1960) **Amrozi bin Nurhasyim, Indonesian terrorist (b. 1962) **Imam Samudra, Indonesian terrorist (b. 1970) * 2011 - Har Gobind Khorana, Indian- born American biochemist and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1922) * 2012 - Sergey Nikolsky, Russian mathematician (b. 1905) * 2012 - Bill Tarmey, British actor (b. 1941) * 2012 - Joseph D. Early, American politician (b. 1933) * 2013 - Helen Eadie, Scottish politician (b. 1947) * 2014 - M. V. Raghavan, Indian politician (b. 1933) * 2014 - Myles Munroe, Bahamian pastor (b. 1954) * 2014 - Joe Walsh, Irish politician (b. 1943) * 2015 - Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter (b. 1930) * 2015 - Tommy Hanson, American baseball player (b. 1986) * 2017 - Grete Berget, Norwegian politician (b. 1954) * 2017 - Fred Cole, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1948) * 2017 - John Hillerman, American actor (b. 1932) * 2017 - Chuck Mosley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1959) * 2017 - Priyan, Indian cinematographer (b. 1964) * 2017 - Shyla Stylez, Canadian pornographic actress (b. 1982) * 2017 - Gene Kotlarek, American ski jumper (b. 1940) * 2017 - Chuck Nergard, American politician (b. 1929) * 2018 - Richard Paul Conaboy, American judge (b. 1925) * 2018 - Roger Hoy, English footballer (b. 1946) * 2019 - John Gokongwei, Filipino businessman and philanthropist (b. 1926) * 2019 - Noel Ignatiev, American author and historian (b. 1940) * 2019 - Brian Mawhinney, British politician (b. 1940) == Observances and Significance == * Independence Day in Cambodia * Schicksalstag in Germany, remembering several historic events in Germany that occurred on November 9 * Inventor's Day (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) * Birthday of Muhammad Iqbal (Pakistan) November 09