Title: March 9 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 141 BC - Liu Che, known after his death as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne of the Han Dynasty in China. * 1009 – Lithuania is mentioned in the annals of Quedlinburg. * 1230 - Ivar Asen II of Bulgaria defeats Theodore Epirus in the Battle of Klokonitsa. * 1276 – Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City. * 1500 – The fleet of Pedro Alvares Cabral leaves Lisbon. It intends to reach Calicut, India, but gets to present- day Brazil instead. * 1566 – David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. * 1741 - War of Jenkins' Ear: British forces lay siege to Cartagena in present-day Colombia. * 1781 - American War of Independence: The Spanish Infanteria de Marina under command of Bernardo de Galvez y Madrid occupy Pensacola, Florida. The Battle of Pensacola lasts until May 8. * 1796 – Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais. * 1811 – Paraguayan forces defeat Manuel Belgrano at the Battle of Taguari. * 1842 – Gold is discovered at Rancho San Francisco, California. * 1842 – The opera Nabucco by Giuseppe Verdi has its first performance in Milan. * 1847 - Mexican-American War: The first large amphibious (in-water) assault in US history begins in Veracruz, Mexico. * 1848 - The Bundestag in Frankfurt declares black, red and gold as the official German national colours. * 1862 - American Civil War: The USS Monitor and CSS Virginia fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads in the first battle between two iron-clad warships. * 1888 - Wilhelm I of Germany dies. Friedrich III of Germany becomes Kaiser, but dies only 99 days later due to laryngeal cancer. * 1896 – Italian Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns. === 1901 2000 === * 1902 – The Italian football club Vicenza Calcio is founded. * 1908 – In Italy, Inter Milan football club is founded by angry members of the Milan Cricket and Football Club, which only allows Italian nationals to participate. * 1908 – A five-man team reaches the top of Mount Erebus in Antarctica. * 1916 – Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack on Columbus, New Mexico. * 1933 - Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to the United States Congress, the first of his New Deal policies. * 1944 – World War II: Soviet Air Forces conduct a heavy bombing of Tallinn, Estonia, killing up to 800 people, mostly civilians. * 1945 – World War II: The bombing of Tokyo by US forces begins. * 1946 - Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster in Burnden Park, Bolton, northwest England, kills 33 people. * 1954 - CBS programme See It Now, reporting on Senator Joseph McCarthy, is broadcast, contributing to the end of the McCarthy Era. * 1956 – The Soviet military suppresses mass demonstrations in Georgia, which was part of the Soviet Union at the time. * 1957 – A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Andreanof Islands off Alaska, and triggers a Pacific-wide tsunami. * 1959 – The first Barbie dolls are sold. * 1960 - Dr. Belding Hibbard Scribner first implants a shunt he invented, into a patient. * 1961 – Sputnik 9 successfully launches. * 1967 - Trans World Airlines Flight 553, a Douglas DC-9-15 aircraft, crashes into Concord Township, Ohio, following a collision with a Beechcraft Baron aircraft, killing 26 people. * 1976 – 42 people die in the Cavalese cable car disaster. * 1977 - Hanafi Siege: In a 39-hour stand-off, armed Hanafi Muslims seize three Washington, DC buildings, killing 2 people and taking 149 hostage. * 1984 - Tim Witherspoon wins the Heavyweight Boxing Title, defeating Greg Page in Las Vegas, on points. * 1987 - U2 album The Joshua Tree is released. * 1989 – Eastern Air Lines files for bankruptcy. * 1990 - Antonia Novello becomes the first female, and first Hispanic American, to become Surgeon General of the United States. * 1991 – A massive demonstration against Slobodan Milosevic is held in Belgrade. * 1997 – Comet Hale-Bopp is seen during the day in China, Mongolia and Siberia, as an eclipse also occurs. === From 2001 === * 2004 – John Allen Muhammad is sentenced to death for the Beltway sniper attacks. * 2006 – NASA announces the possibility of water existing on Saturn's moon Enceladus. * 2010 – The first same-sex marriages in Washington, DC are held. * 2011 – The Space Shuttle Discovery is launched for the last time. * 2011 – Enda Kenny becomes Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland, succeeding Brian Cowen. * 2015 - Villa Castelli helicopter crash: Two helicopters involved in a French Reality TV programme collide over western Argentina, killing 10 people, including 3 of France's most famous sportspeople. * 2016 - A solar eclipse is seen over Eastern Asia and the Pacific Ocean. Totality is mainly seen over Indonesia and parts of the Western Pacific. * 2018 - The 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, begin. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1213 - Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1271) * 1285 – Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (d. 1318) * 1454 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer and cartographer (d. 1512) * 1564 – David Fabricius, German astronomer (d. 1617) * 1568 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (d. 1591) * 1629 – Tsar Alexis I of Russia (d. 1676) * 1695 – Martin Sarmiento, Spanish writer and scholar (d. 1772) * 1697 - Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (d. 1760) * 1727 - Johann Gottlieb Preller, German cantor, composer and land surveyor (d. 1786) * 1737 - Josef Muslivecek, Czech composer (d. 1781) * 1749 - Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, French writer and politician (d. 1791) * 1753 – Jean-Baptiste Kléber, French general (d. 1800) * 1758 - Franz Joseph Gall, German neuroscientist (d. 1828) * 1763 - William Cobbett, English writer (d. 1835) * 1814 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet (d. 1861) * 1824 - Amasa Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician (d. 1893) * 1847 - Martin Pierre Marsick, Belgian violinist (d. 1924) * 1856 – Eddie Foy, American singer and actor (d. 1928) * 1856 - Tom Roberts, Australian artist (d. 1931) * 1856 - Edward Goodrich Acheson, American chemist and technician (d. 1931) * 1877 - Stuart Stickney, American golfer (d. 1932) * 1881 - Ernest Bevin, British politician and trade unionist (d. 1951) * 1882 - Arthur Beecher Carles, American painter (d. 1952) * 1883 - Umberto Saba, Italian poet and writer (d. 1957) * 1884 - Johan Salonen, Finnish wrestler (d. 1938) * 1886 - Kenneth Edwards, American golfer (d. 1952) * 1887 - Fritz Lenz, German geneticist and eugenicist (d. 1976) * 1890 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (d. 1986) * 1891 – José P. Laurel, 3rd President of the Philippines (d. 1959) * 1892 - Vita Sackville-West, British writer (d. 1962) * 1894 - Frank Arnau, German author (d. 1976) * 1900 - Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, Italian aristocrat (d. 1948) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 – Will Geer, American actor (d. 1978) * 1903 - Albert Gregory Meyer, American cardinal (d. 1965) * 1905 – Gerardus Philippus Helders, Dutch politician (d. 2013) * 1911 - Clara Rockmore, Lithuanian-American theremin performer (d. 1998) * 1916 – Puey Ungpakorn, Thai bureaucrat (d. 1999) * 1918 – Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006) * 1918 – George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party (d. 1967) * 1920 - Franjo Mihalic, Croatian-Serbian runner and coach (d. 2015) * 1923 – James L. Buckley, American politician * 1923 – Walter Kohn, Austrian- born physicist (d. 2016) * 1923 - André Courrèges, French fashion designer (d. 2016) * 1924 - Peter Scholl-Latour, German journalist and writer (d. 2014) * 1925 - Ernest Braun, Austrian-British academic and author (d. 2015) * 1925 - C. William Miller, American politician (d. 2006) * 1926 - Joe Franklin, American radio and television host (d. 2015) * 1929 – Zillur Rahman, 15th President of Bangladesh (d. 2013) * 1929 – Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (d. 2002) * 1930 - Stephen Fumio Hamao, Japanese cardinal (d. 2007) * 1930 - Taina Elg, Finnish-American actress and dancer * 1930 - Ota Filip, Czech novelist and journalist (d. 2018) * 1930 - Ornette Coleman, American jazz saxophonist, trumpeter and composer (d. 2015) * 1931 - Billy Frank, Jr., American environmental activist (d. 2014) * 1931 - Jackie Healy-Rae, Irish politician (d. 2014) * 1931 - Leon Febres Cordero, President of Ecuador (d. 2008) * 1931 - Gilles Perrault, French author and journalist * 1932 - Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, Guatemalan cardinal (d. 2012) * 1932 - Qayyum Chowdhury, Bangladeshi painter (d. 2014) * 1932 - Walter Mercado, Puerto Rican astrologer and critic * 1933 - Mel Lastman, Canadian politician, 62nd Mayor of Toronto * 1933 – Lloyd Price, American musician * 1933 - David Weatherall, English physician and geneticist * 1934 – Yuri Gagarin, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut, first person to travel into space (d. 1968) * 1934 - Joyce Van Patten, American actress * 1935 - Andrew Viterbi, Italian-American electronic engineer and businessman * 1936 – Mickey Gilley, American musician and singer * 1936 - Marty Ingels, American actor (d. 2015) * 1937 – Bernard Landry, Quebec politician * 1937 - Harry Neale, Canadian ice hockey player * 1937 - Brian Redman, English racing driver * 1938 - Tom Adams, English actor (d. 2014) * 1938 - Lill-Babs, Swedish singer (d. 2018) * 1942 - John Cale, Welsh musician (The Velvet Underground) * 1942 - Mark Lindsay, American musician of Paul Revere and the Raiders * 1943 – Bobby Fischer, American-Icelandic chess player (d. 2008) * 1944 - Lee Irvine, South African cricketer * 1945 - Katja Ebstein, German singer * 1945 - Robin Trower, English musician * 1945 - Dennis Rader, American serial killer * 1946 - Alexandra Bastedo, English actress (d. 2014) * 1946 – Bernd Hölzenbein, German footballer * 1947 - Emiliano Mondonico, Italian footballer (d. 2018) * 1947 - Keri Hulme, New Zealand writer * 1948 - Emma Bonino, Italian politician * 1948 - Chris Thompson, English singer and guitarist * 1948 - Eric Fischl, American painter, sculptor and printmaker * 1949 - Neil Hamilton, Welsh politician (Conservative Party and UKIP) === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Zakir Hussain, Indian tabla player * 1951 – Helen Zille, South African politician * 1952 - Bill Beaumont, English rugby player * 1952 - Uliana Semenova, Latvian basketball player * 1954 – Bobby Sands, Northern Irish political activist, IRA member and hunger striker (d. 1981) * 1955 - Teo Fabi, Italian racing driver * 1955 - Ornella Muti, Italian actress * 1955 - Pat Murphy, American science fiction writer * 1956 – Shashi Tharoor, Indian politician * 1956 – David Willetts, British politician * 1957 – Mona Sahlin, Swedish politician * 1958 – Linda Fiorentino, American actress * 1958 - Martin Fry, English singer * 1958 - Jack Kenny, American television producer and writer * 1959 - Takaaki Kajita, Japanese physicist * 1959 - Lonny Price, American actor and director * 1960 - Elsa Cayat, French psychoanalyst and writer (d. 2015) * 1962 - Pete Wishart, Scottish musician and politician (Scottish National Party) * 1963 - Jean-Marc Vallée, Canadian movie director and screenwriter * 1964 – Juliette Binoche, French actress * 1964 - Valérie Lemercier, French actress, singer and director * 1964 – Herbert Fandel, German football referee * 1965 – Antonio Saca, former President of El Salvador * 1965 - Mike Pollock, American actor * 1968 – Youri Djorkaeff, French footballer * 1968 - Maggie Aderin-Pocock, English space scientist * 1968 – Johnny Kelly, American drummer * 1969 – Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, American basketball player * 1970 – Martin Johnson, English rugby player and coach * 1970 – Shannon Leto, American musician and actor * 1970 - David Guido Pietroni, Italian movie director and producer * 1971 - Diego Torres, Argentine singer * 1972 - Jean Louisa Kelly, American actress and singer * 1973 - Matteo Salvini, Italian politician * 1975 – Roy Makaay, Dutch footballer * 1975 – Juan Sebastian Veron, Argentine footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 - Ben Mulroney, Canadian television host * 1978 – Lucas Neill, Australian footballer * 1980 - Chingy, American rapper and author * 1980 - Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor * 1983 – Luke Charteris, Welsh rugby player * 1983 – Clint Dempsey, American footballer * 1983 - Maite Perroni, Mexican singer-songwriter and actress * 1984 – Julia Mancuso, American skier * 1986 – Brittany Snow, American actress * 1987 – Bow Wow, American rapper * 1987 - Stacey Dooley, English television presenter * 1988 - Alodia Gosiengfiao, Filipino model, actress and singer * 1989 – Taeyeon, South Korean singer (Girls' Generation) * 1989 - Artem Borodulin, Russian figure skater * 1989 - Klariza Clayton, English actress * 1990 - Daley Blind, Dutch footballer * 1990 - Bilel Ifa, Tunisian footballer * 1990 - Tatsuki Machida, Japanese figure skater * 1991 - Jade Etherington, English skier * 1993 - Suga, South Korean rapper, singer and actress * 1994 - Morgan Rielly, Canadian ice hockey player * 2018 - Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge, Swedish royal == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1202 – Sverre of Norway * 1440 - Saint Frances of Rome, Italian nun (b. 1384) * 1566 – David Rizzio, Italian secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1533) * 1649 - James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish statesman (b. 1606) * 1649 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (b. 1590) * 1661 – Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602) * 1808 - Joseph Bonomi the Elder, Italian architect (b. 1739) * 1825 - Anna Laetitia Barbauld, English poet, essayist and writer (b. 1743) * 1831 - Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German writer (b. 1752) * 1847 - Mary Anning, English paleontologist (b. 1799) * 1851 – Hans Christian Orsted, Danish physicist (b. 1777) * 1888 – Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany (b. 1797) * 1895 - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (b. 1836) * 1897 – Jamal-al-Din Afghani, Afghan politician and activist (b. 1838) * 1897 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (b. 1825) === 1901 2000 === * 1918 – Frank Wedekind, German writer (b. 1864) * 1926 – Usui Mikao, Japanese founder of Reiki healing (b. 1865) * 1936 – Sri Yukteswar Giri, Indian guru and swami (b. 1855) * 1936 - Sidney Johnston Catts, Governor of Florida (b. 1863) * 1945 – Margot Frank, sister of Anne Frank (b. 1926) * 1952 – Alexandra Kollontai, Russian revolutionary, diplomat and writer (b. 1872) * 1954 - Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer (b. 1912) * 1955 - Miroslava, Czech-Mexican actress (b. 1925) * 1962 – Zdenek Nejedly, Czech historian, literary critic and musicologist (b. 1878) * 1971 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church (b. 1902) * 1974 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr., American physiologist (b. 1915) * 1981 - Max Delbrück, German-American physicist and geneticist (b. 1906) * 1983 – Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist (b. 1905) * 1983 - Faye Emerson, American actress (b. 1917) * 1988 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of West Germany (b. 1904) * 1992 – Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1913) * 1993 - C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian (b. 1909) * 1994 - Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (b. 1917) * 1996 – George Burns, American actor and singer (b. 1896) * 1997 - Terry Nation, Welsh author and screenwriter (b. 1930) * 1997 – The Notorious B. I. G., American rapper (b. 1972) === From 2001 === * 2003 – Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (b. 1946) * 2004 - Albert Mol, Dutch actor (b. 1917) * 2006 – Geir Ivarsøy, Norwegian programmer, co-founder of Opera Software ASA (b. 1957) * 2006 – Anna Moffo, American operatic soprano (b. 1932) * 2007 – Brad Delp, American singer and musician (b. 1951) * 2010 – Granny D, American political activist (b. 1910) * 2012 - Jose Tomas Sanchez, Filipino cardinal (b. 1920) * 2013 - Viren J. Shah, Indian politician, 21st Governor of West Bengal (b. 1926) * 2014 - Carlos Moreno, Argentine actor (b. 1938) * 2014 - Gerard Mortier, Belgian opera director and administrator (b. 1943) * 2014 - Glenn McDuffie, American World War II sailor (b. 1927) * 2014 - Mohammed Fahim, Vice President of Afghanistan (b. 1957) * 2014 - William Clay Ford, Sr., American businessman (b. 1925) * 2015 - Jack Harte, Irish politician (b. 1920) * 2015 - James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, Northern Irish politician (b. 1920) * 2015 - David B. Frohnmayer, American attorney (b. 1940) * 2015 - Windell Middlebrooks, American actor (b. 1979) * 2015 - Juanita Morrow Nelson, American activist (b. 1923) * 2015 - Frei Otto, German architect (b. 1925) * 2015 - French sportspeople killed in the Villa Castelli helicopter crash in Argentina: **Florence Arthaud, French sailor (b. 1957) **Camille Muffat, French swimmer (b. 1989) **Alexis Vastine, French boxer (b. 1986) * 2016 - Clyde Lovellette, American basketball player (b. 1929) * 2016 - Nana Vasconcelos, Brazilian jazz musician (b. 1944) * 2016 - Sergio Arellano Stark, Chilean military officer (b. 1921) * 2016 - Jon English, English-Australian musician and actor (b. 1949) * 2016 - Ray Griff, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1940) * 2016 - Robert Horton, American actor (b. 1924) * 2016 - Bill Wade, American football player (b. 1930) * 2017 - Anthony Delhalle, French motorcycle racer (b. 1982) * 2017 - Hla Myint, Burmese economist (b. 1920) * 2017 - Kasugafuji Akihiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1966) * 2017 - Barbara Helsingius, Finnish singer, poet and fencer (b. 1937) * 2018 - Chris Gedney, American football player (b. 1970) * 2018 - Jo Min-ki, South Korean actor and professor (b. 1965) * 2018 - Jung Jae-sung, South Korean badminton player (b. 1982) * 2018 - George A. Sinner, American politician, Governor of North Dakota (b. 1928) * 2018 - Ion Voinescu, Romanian footballer (b. 1929) * 2018 - Oskar Gröning, German war criminal (b. 1921) * 2018 - Ali Asghar Khodadoust, Iranian surgeon (b. 1935) * 2018 - Millie Dunn Veasey, American activist (b. 1918) * 2019 - Jed Allan, American actor (b. 1935) * 2019 - Alberto Bucci, Italian basketball coach (b. 1948) * 2019 - Bernard Binlin Dadié, Ivorian novelist, playwright and poet (b. 1916) * 2019 - Vladimir Etush, Russian actor (b. 1922) * 2019 - Harry Howell, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1932) == Observances == * Teacher's Day (Lebanon) March 09