Title: March 3 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1284 – The Statute of Rhuddlan incorporates the Principality of Wales into England. * 1575 – Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great defeats a Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi. * 1585 – The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza, Italy. * 1776 - American Revolutionary War: The first amphibious landing of the United States Marine Corps begins in the Battle of Nassau. * 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army is routed (heavily beaten) at the Battle of Brier Creek. * 1788 – Europen settlement begins on Norfolk Island. * 1799 - Russo-Ottoman Siege of Corfu ends with the surrender of the French garrison. * 1820 - United States Congress passes the Missouri Compromise. * 1836 - Texas declares independence from Mexico. * 1845 – Florida becomes the 27th state of the United States. * 1849 - The Minnesota Territory is created. * 1857 – Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China. * 1861 – Tsar Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing the serfs. * 1875 – Georges Bizet's opera Carmen receives its premiere at the Opéra-Comique in Paris. * 1875 – The first-ever organised indoor ice hockey game is held in Montreal. * 1878 – The Russo-Turkish War ends, as Bulgaria regains its independence from the Ottoman Empire. * 1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York. === 1901 2000 === * 1904 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first ruler to make a sound recording of a political document, using the phonograph cylinder. * 1905 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly, the Duma. * 1913 - Thousands of women march in a suffrage parade in Washington, DC. * 1915 – NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded. * 1918 – World War I: Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia's involvement in the war. * 1923 – TIME magazine is first published. * 1924 – End of the Ottoman caliphate. * 1925 - The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is unveiled, having been created by Gutzon Borglum. Carved into rock are the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. * 1931 - The United States adopts "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem. * 1933 – Ching Yun University is established. * 1938 – Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia. * 1939 – Mahatma Gandhi begins a fast (a period without eating) in protest against autocratic rule in British colonial India. * 1942 – World War II: Ten Japanese war planes raid the town of Broome in Western Australia, killing over 100 people. * 1943 – World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter the air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station. * 1945 – World War II: American and Filipino troops recapture Manila from Japanese forces. * 1945 – A former Armia Krajowa unit massacres at least 150 Ukrainian civilians in Pawlokoma, Poland. * 1945 – World War II: The Royal Air Force accidentally bombs the Bezuidenhout neighbourhood in The Hague, killing 511 people. * 1953 – A Canadian Pacific Airlines Comet aircraft crashes in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 11 people. * 1958 – Nuri as-Said becomes Prime Minister of Iraq for the 14th time. * 1961 – Hassan II becomes King of Morocco. * 1962 - The British Antarctic Territory is created. * 1969 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module. * 1973 - Wasington Convention is signed. * 1974 – Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashes at Ermenonville, near Paris, killing all 346 people on board. * 1978 – The body of movie actor Charles Chaplin is stolen from his grave in Switzerland. * 1985 – Arthur Scargill announces the decision by the National Mineworkers Union to end the longest-running industrial dispute in the United Kingdom without a peace agreement over pit closures. * 1985 – A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Valparaiso region of Chile, killing 177 people. * 1991 – Referendum votes in both Estonia and Latvia show overwhelming support for independence from the Soviet Union. * 1991 – United Airlines Flight 585 crashes at Colorado Springs, Colorado, killing 25 people on board. * 1991 – Rodney King is hit and kicked by the Los Angeles police, which leads to big riots. * 1992 – Kyrgyzstan starts to use its current flag. * 1992 - Alija Izetbegovic declares Bosnia and Herzegovina independent. * 1996 - The Partido Popular wins the Spanish parliamentary election, leading to Jose Maria Aznar becoming Prime Minister. * 1997 – The Sky Tower, the southern hemisphere's tallest free-standing structure at a height of 328 metres, opens in Auckland, New Zealand, following more than 2-and-a-half years of building work. === From 2001 === * 2002 – Switzerland votes to join the United Nations, breaking its long history of being neutral. * 2002 – The Hindu Kush in Afghanistan is hit by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, killing 166 people. * 2005 – Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane non-stop around the world without refuelling. * 2009 – An armed attack targets the Sri Lanka national cricket team in Lahore, Pakistan. * 2009 – The Historical Archives building in Cologne, Germany, collapses, killing 2 people. Many documents are either completely destroyed or badly damaged. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1455 – King John II of Portugal (d. 1495) * 1500 - Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1558) * 1520 - Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575) * 1589 - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676) * 1606 - Edmund Waller, English poet (d. 1687) * 1652 - Thomas Ottway, English dramatist (d. 1685) * 1678 - Madeleine de Vercheres, Canadian heroine (d. 1747) * 1756 - William Goodwin, English writer (d. 1836) * 1778 – Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hanover (d. 1841) * 1788 - William Carroll, 6th and 9th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1844) * 1793 - Charles Sealsfield, Austrian- American journalist (d. 1864) * 1800 – Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (d. 1862) * 1805 – Jonas Furrer, 1st President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861) * 1816 - William James Blacklock, English painter (d. 1858) * 1819 - Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912) * 1823 – Gyula Andrassy, Hungarian regent (d. 1890) * 1831 - George Pullman, American inventor (d. 1897) * 1838 – George William Hill, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1914) * 1839 – Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (d. 1904) * 1841 - John Murray, Scottish oceanographer (d. 1914) * 1845 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918) * 1847 – Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor (d. 1922) * 1860 - John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player (d. 1925) * 1861 - Racho Petrov, Bulgarian general and politician (d. 1942) * 1866 - Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1914) * 1869 – Henry Wood, English conductor (d. 1944) * 1869 – William M. Calder, United States Senator (d. 1945) * 1871 – Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957) * 1873 - William Green, American labor union leader (d. 1953) * 1877 – Jon Thorlaksson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1935) * 1878 - Leopold Jessner, German producer and director (d. 1945) * 1879 - Jozsef Klekl, Slovenian writer (d. 1936) * 1880 – Yosuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician (d. 1946) * 1880 – Florence Auer, American actress (d. 1962) * 1882 - Charles Ponzi, Italian criminal, origin of the term Ponzi scheme (d. 1949) * 1886 – Tore Orjasaeter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968) * 1886 - Ezequiel Fernandez, 18th President of Panama (d. 1946) * 1890 – Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939) * 1891 – Damaskinos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1949) * 1891 – Arthur Drewry, British FIFA President (d. 1961) * 1893 – Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (d. 1998) * 1895 – Ragnar Frisch, Norwegian economist (d. 1973) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 – Claude Choules, British World War I veteran and supercentenarian (d. 2011) * 1903 - Vasily Kozlov, Soviet politician (d. 1987) * 1905 - Marie Glory, French actress (d. 2009) * 1906 - Artur Lundqvist, Swedish writer (d. 1991) * 1911 - Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937) * 1912 - Klaus Gysi, German politician (d. 1999) * 1914 – Asger Jorn, Danish painter (d. 1973) * 1916 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (d. 2006) * 1918 – Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist (d. 2007) * 1918 - Peter O'Sullevan, British horse racing commentator (d. 2015) * 1918 - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000) * 1919 – Loki Schmidt, German environmentalist and wife of Helmut Schmidt (d. 2010) * 1919 – Peter Abrahams, South African writer (d. 2017) * 1920 – Ronald Searle, British cartoonist (d. 2011) * 1920 – Julius Boros, American golfer (d. 1994) * 1920 – James Doohan, Canadian actor (d. 2005) * 1921 - Diana Barrymore, American actress (d. 1960) * 1921 - Doc Paskowitz, American surfer and physician (d. 2014) * 1922 – Nandor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002) * 1923 - Doc Watson, American bluegrass musician (d. 2012) * 1924 – Tomiichi Murayama, Prime Minister of Japan * 1924 – Lys Assia, Swiss singer and actress (d. 2018) * 1928 - Howell Evans, Welsh actor, comedian and singer (d. 2014) * 1929 - Mithat Bayrak, Turkish wrestler (d. 2014) * 1930 – Heiner Geissler, German politician (d. 2017) * 1930 – Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania * 1933 – Lee Radziwill, American fashion executive (d. 2019) * 1933 - Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor (d. 2013) * 1934 - Jimmy Garrison, American jazz musician (d. 1976) * 1934 - Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, English politician * 1934 - Yasuo Takamori, Japanese footballer * 1935 – Zhelyu Zhelev, former President of Bulgaria (d. 2015) * 1935 – Michael Walzer, American philosopher * 1935 - Malcolm Anderson, Australian tennis player * 1937 - Tsukasa Hosaka, Japanese footballer (d. 2018) * 1937 - Bobby Driscoll, American actor (d. 1968) * 1938 - Bruno Bozzetti, Italian animator and movie director * 1942 - Mike Pender, English singer and guitarist * 1945 - Ronald Mallett, American theoretical physicist * 1945 - George Miller, Australian director * 1946 - John Virgo, English snooker player * 1946 - James C. Adamson, American astronaut * 1947 - Jennifer Warnes, American singer * 1947 – Oscar Tabarez, Uruguayan football manager * 1948 – Snowy White, British guitarist * 1949 - Bonnie J. Dunbar, American engineer, academic and astronaut === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Tony Hall, British broadcasting executive, Director-General of the BBC * 1953 – Zico, Brazilian footballer * 1955 - Jorge Vergara, Mexican businessman * 1955 - Darnell Williams, English-American actor * 1956 - Zbigniew Boniek, Polish footballer * 1958 – Miranda Richardson, British actress * 1958 – Bob Bradley, American soccer coach * 1958 - Marc Silvestri, American comic book artist * 1960 - Neal Heaton, American baseball player and coach * 1961 – Fatima Whitbread, British javelin thrower * 1962 - Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete * 1966 - Fernando Colunga, Mexican actor * 1966 - Timo Tolkki, Finnish musician * 1967 - Alexander Volkov, Russian tennis player * 1968 – Brian Cox, British physicist, television presenter and former musician * 1968 - Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player * 1970 – Inzamam ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer * 1970 - James Purnell, British politician * 1970 - John Carter Cash, American country musician * 1971 – Charlie Brooker, British comedian, writer and broadcaster * 1971 - Christian Eigner, Austrian drummer and songwriter (Depeche Mode) * 1972 – Darren Anderton, English footballer * 1973 - Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg * 1973 - Olafur Darri Olafsson, Icelandic actor * 1974 - David Faustino, American actor * 1975 - Aleksandr Abdulkhalikov, Russian footballer * 1975 - Aleksei Abdulkhalikov, Russian footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 - Keit Pentus-Rosimannus, Estonian politician * 1977 – Ronan Keating, Irish singer * 1978 - Seo Moon-tak, South Korean singer * 1979 - Albert Jorquera, Spanish footballer * 1979 – Alex Zane, British comedian * 1981 - Eugene, South Korean singer and actress * 1981 – Lil' Flip, American rapper * 1981 – Julius Malema, South African politician and leader of Economic Freedom Fighters * 1981 – Emmanuel Pappoe, Ghanaian footballer * 1982 – Jessica Biel, American actress * 1983 - Ashley Hansen, Australian footballer * 1984 – Alexander Semin, Russian ice hockey player * 1985 - David Davies, Welsh swimmer * 1986 - Mehmet Topal, Turkish footballer * 1986 – Stacie Orrico, American singer * 1987 - Jesus Padilla, Mexican footballer * 1988 - Riccardo Bocchino, Italian rugby player * 1988 - Bella Heathcote, Australian actress * 1988 – Michael Morrison, English footballer * 1989 - Erwin Mulder, Dutch footballer * 1989 - Hayley Marie Norman, American actress, producer and screenwriter * 1989 - Shuichi Gonda, Japanese footballer * 1991 - Park Cho-rong, South Korean singer * 1992 - Jordy Lucas, Australian actress * 1994 - Umika Kawashima, Japanese actress * 1995 - Maine Mendoza, Filipina internet and television personality * 1997 - Camila Cabello, American singer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1033 - Cunigunde of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Empress (b. 960) * 1111 - Bohemund I, Prince of Antioch * 1239 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187) * 1554 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503) * 1605 – Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536) * 1606 – Nyaungyan Min, King of Burma (b. 1557) * 1703 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635) * 1706 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653) * 1707 – Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor (b. 1618) * 1792 – Robert Adam, Scottish architect (b. 1728) * 1824 - Giovanni Battista Viotti, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1755) * 1869 – William Lanney (King Billy), the last full blood aborigine in Tasmania. * 1899 - William P. Sprague, American politician (b. 1887) === 1901 2000 === * 1901 - George Gilman, American businessman (b. 1826) * 1920 - Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (b. 1840) * 1927 - Mikhail Artsybashev, Ukrainian author and playwright (b. 1878) * 1932 – Eugen d'Albert, German composer (b. 1864) * 1932 - Joseph Mackey Brown, Governor of Georgia (b. 1851) * 1942 - Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian governor and viceroy (b. 1898) * 1945 – William M. Calder, United States Senator (b. 1869) * 1953 – James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1875) * 1959 – Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (d. 1906) * 1961 – Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887) * 1966 – Joseph Fields, American playwright, director and producer (b. 1895) * 1975 - Edward H. Griffith, American director (d. 1888) * 1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903) * 1983 – Hergé, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907) * 1987 – Danny Kaye, American actor, singer and comedian (b. 1911) * 1991 - William Penney, English mathematician (b. 1909) * 1993 - Carlos Montoya, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1903) * 1993 – Albert Sabin, Polish-born medical researcher (b. 1906) * 1995 – Howard Hunter, American religious leader (b. 1907) * 1996 – Marguerite Durand, French writer (b. 1914) * 1996 - John Krol, American cardinal (b. 1910) * 1998 - Fred Friendly, American broadcast executive (b. 1915) * 1999 – Gerhard Herzberg, German-born Canadian chemist (b. 1904) === From 2001 === * 2002 - G. M. C. Balayogi, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1951) * 2003 – Horst Buchholz, German actor (b. 1933) * 2005 – Rinus Michels, Dutch footballer and coach (b. 1928) * 2008 – Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian operatic tenor (b. 1921) * 2010 – Keith Alexander, British footballer and coach (b. 1956) * 2010 – Michael Foot, British politician (b. 1913) * 2011 – Allan Louisy, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1914) * 2012 – Ralph McQuarrie, American conceptual designer and illustrator (b. 1929) * 2013 - Luis Cubilla, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1940) * 2014 - William R. Pogue, American astronaut (b. 1930) * 2015 - M. Stanton Evans, American journalist, author and educator (b. 1934) * 2015 - Lynn Borden, American actress (b. 1937) * 2015 - Ernest Braun, Austrian-British academic and author (b. 1925) * 2016 - Martin Crowe, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1962) * 2016 - Ashok Ghosh, Indian politician (b. 1921) * 2016 - Thanat Khoman, Thai politician (b. 1914) * 2016 - Natalia Krachkovskaya, Russian actress (b. 1938) * 2016 - Sophie Dessus, French politician (b. 1955) * 2016 - Hayabusa, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1968) * 2017 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer (b. 1931) * 2017 - Misha Mengelberg, Dutch jazz pianist and composer (b. 1935) * 2017 - Tommy Page, American singer-songwriter (b. 1970) * 2017 - René Préval, President of Haiti (b. 1943) * 2017 - Anne Kristin Sydnes, Norwegian politician (b. 1956) * 2018 - Vanessa Goodwin, Australian politician (b. 1969) * 2018 - Roger Bannister, English athlete and neurologist (b. 1929) * 2018 - David Ogden Stiers, American actor (b. 1942) * 2018 - Lin Hu, Chinese air force general (b. 1927) * 2018 - Yvon Taillandier, French artist (b. 1926) * 2018 - Derek Saunders, English footballer (b. 1928) * 2018 - Billy Herrington, American pornographic actor (b. 1969) * 2018 - Jorge Wagensberg Lubinski, Spanish physicist, academic and writer (b. 1948) * 2018 - Franz Pacher, Austrian engineer (b. 1919) * 2019 - Peter Hurford, British organist and composer (b. 1930) == Observances == * Hinamatsuri (Girls' Day) in Japan * Liberation Day (Bulgaria) * Mother's Day (Georgia) * Sportsmen's Day (Egypt) * Martyrs' Day (Malawi) * World Wildlife Day March 03