Title: September 28 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 48 BC – Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. It may have occurred on September 29, his 58th birthday, but records are unclear. * 235 - Pope Pontian resigns. * 365 - Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople and proclaims himself Roman Emperor. * 935 - Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia. * 1066 – William the Conqueror invades England. * 1106 – The Battle of Tinchebrai – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose. * 1238 - Muslim Valencia surrenders to the besieging King James I of Aragon the Conqueror. * 1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf. * 1448 – Christian I is crowned king of Denmark. * 1538 - The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over the Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza. * 1542 – Navigator Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo of Portugal arrives as what is now San Diego. * 1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya. * 1779 – Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay. * 1781 – American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown Heights, Virginia during the American Revolutionary War. * 1787 – The just completed United States Constitution is voted on by the United States Congress to be sent to the State legislatures for approval. * 1791 - France becomes the first country to emancipate its Jewish population. * 1820 – The tomato is publicly proven safe when Robert Johnson eats a bushel (24 kg) of tomatoes in Salem, Massachusetts. * 1821 – Mexico signs its final Declaration of Independence. * 1823 – Leo XII is elected as pope. * 1844 – Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden. * 1867 – Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario. * 1867 - The US takes control of Midway Island, northwest of Hawaii. * 1868 – Battle of Alcolea, causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France. * 1871 – Brazil passes law freeing future children of slaves. * 1885 - Riots break out in Montreal to protest against having to have smallpox vaccination. * 1889 - The first Conference of General Weights and Measurements is held. * 1892 - The first night match in American football takes place, between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal. * 1893 - FC Porto is founded. === 1901 2000 === * 1901 - Philippine-American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than 40 American soldiers and lose 28 of their own, in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar Island. * 1907 - The football club Real Sociedad is founded in Cantabria, Northern Spain. * 1912 - Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted official to die in an airplane crash, along with Lewis C. Rockwell at College Park, Maryland. * 1919 - In a referendum, most voters in Luxembourg decide to keep the monarchy. * 1928 – The UK passes the Dangerous Drugs Act. * 1928 - Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin. * 1934 – Ocean liner RMS Queen Mary is launched at Clydebank. * 1939 – Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II. * 1939 – Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II. * 1944 – Battle of Arnhem – Germans defeat British airborne at Arnhem, Netherlands. * 1950 – Indonesia joins the UN. * 1951 - CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, though withdraws them less than a month later. * 1958 – Guinea votes for independence from France. * 1958 – France ratifies a new constitution; the Fifth Republic of France is formed. * 1960 – Mali and Senegal join the UN. * 1961 – A military coup in Damascus, Syria effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria. * 1964 - The Warren Commission concludes there was no conspiracy in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. * 1969 – Willy Brandt is elected Chancellor of Germany. * 1970 – Gamal Abdel Nasser dies, and is succeeded by Anwar Sadat as President of Egypt. * 1971 – UK Misuse of Drugs Act – medicinal cannabis is banned. * 1972 – Paul Henderson scores the goal to win the Canada/USSR (ice hockey) "Summit Series". * 1973 – ITT Building in New York City is bombed to protest ITT's involvement in the September 11 Coup in Chile. * 1976 – R&B; singer Stevie Wonder releases the classic double album Songs in the Key of Life. * 1978 – Pope John Paul I dies after just 33 days as Pope. * 1979 - Larry Holmes wins his Heavyweight World Boxing Title fight against Ernie Shavers. * 1987 – "Encounter at Farpoint", the first episode of TV show Star Trek: The Next Generation airs. * 1992 - An Airbus A300 of Pakistan International Airlines strikes a mountain near Kathmandu, killing all 117 on board. * 1994 – The car ferry MS Estonia sinks in Baltic Sea, killing 852 people. * 1995 – Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of Comoros in a coup. * 2000 – Former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau dies. * 2000 – Al-Aqsa Intifada begins after the visit of Ariel Sharon to the Al-Aqsa Mosque. * 2000 - In a referendum in Denmark, a majority of voters reject the Euro currency. === From 2001 === * 2003 – A widespread power outage affects Italy. * 2004 – Wayne Rooney makes his long-awaited Manchester United debut, scoring a hat-trick in the 6-2 Champions League victory. * 2009 – 157 protesters are killed in Guinea, as they demonstrated against the military rule of Moussa Dadis Camara. * 2010 – A massive landslide kills at least 7 people in Oaxaca, Mexico. * 2012 - A plane crashes shortly after take-off from Kathmandu and bursts into flames, killing all 19 people on board. * 2013 - Pakistan is struck by a second earthquake, after one of magnitude 7.7 struck four days earlier. * 2013 - Several ministers from Silvio Berlusconi's party resign from the coalition government of Enrico Letta in Italy. * 2014 - Europe wins its third Ryder Cup golf championship in-a-row, defeating the United States at Gleneagles, Scotland. * 2016 - International investigators conclude that Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down by a Buk missile that came from Russia. * 2018 - 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami: The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is hit by a magnitude 7.5 earthquake and a tsunami, killing an estimated 4,340 people. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 551 BC - Confucius, Chinese philosopher (d. 479 BC) * 616 - Javanshir, Albanian King (d. 680) * 1493 – Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet (d. 1545) * 1555 - Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, Marshal of France (d. 1623) * 1573 – Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (d. 1610) * 1605 – Ismael Bullialdus, French astronomer (d. 1694) * 1667 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (d. 1701) * 1681 - Johann Mattheson, German composer (d. 1764) * 1698 - Pierre-Louis Maupertuis, French polymath (d. 1759) * 1705 - Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772) * 1735 - Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1811) * 1746 - William Jones, English philologist (d. 1794) * 1765 - Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846) * 1797 - Fyodor Litke, Russian geographer, navigator and Arctic explorer (d. 1882) * 1803 - Prosper Mérimée, French writer (d. 1870) * 1809 - Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899) * 1811 - Friedrich Hecker, German-American lawyer, politician and revolutionary (d. 1881) * 1819 - Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan engineer, artist and inventor (d. 1885) * 1821 - Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (d. 1874) * 1823 – Alexandre Cabanel, French painter (d. 1889) * 1828 - Friedrich Albert Lange, German philosopher (d. 1875) * 1836 – Thomas Crapper, English inventor (d. 1910) * 1838 – Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian national saint (d. 1918) * 1841 – Georges Clemenceau, French politician (d. 1929) * 1844 - Robert Stout, Scottish-New Zealand lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930) * 1852 – Henri Moissan, French chemist (d. 1907) * 1859 - Alfredo Baquerizo, President of Ecuador (d. 1951) * 1860 – Paul Ulrich Villard, French chemist and physicist (d. 1934) * 1863 - King Carlos I of Portugal (d. 1908) * 1865 - Amélie of Orléans (d. 1951) * 1867 – Hiranuma Kiichiro, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952) * 1871 – Pietro Badoglio, Italian soldier and politician (d. 1956) * 1871 - Fred P. Cone, Governor of Florida (d. 1948) * 1878 - Joseph Ruddy, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1962) * 1882 - Alexander Kutupov, Russian general (d. 1930) * 1887 – Avery Brundage, American sports official, President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1975) * 1889 - Jack Fournier, American baseball player (d. 1973) * 1892 - Elmer Rice, American dramatist (d. 1973) * 1893 - Giannis Skaribas, Greek writer and dramatist (d. 1984) * 1895 - Prentice Cooper, 36th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1969) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 – Ed Sullivan, American television host (d. 1974) * 1901 - William S. Paley, American radio and TV executive (d. 1990) * 1905 – Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005) * 1907 - Heikki Savolainen, Finnish gymnast (d. 1997) * 1909 - Al Capp, American cartoonist (d. 1979) * 1910 – Diosdado Macapagal, President of the Philippines (d. 1997) * 1914 - Maria Franziska von Trapp, Austrian-American singer (d. 2014) * 1915 – Ethel Rosenberg, American alleged spy (d. 1953) * 1916 – Peter Finch, British actor (d. 1997) * 1918 - Willi Ritschard, Swiss politician (d. 1983) * 1923 - William Windom, American actor (d. 2012) * 1924 – Rudolf Barshai, Russian conductor and violist (d. 2010) * 1924 - Giuseppe Chiappella, Italian footballer (d. 2009) * 1924 – Marcello Mastroianni, Italian actor (d. 1996) * 1925 – Seymour Cray, American computer scientist (d. 1996) * 1928 – Koko Taylor, American blues musician (d. 2009) * 1930 - Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist and social scientist (d. 2019) * 1932 – Víctor Jara, Chilean singer and songwriter (d. 1973) * 1933 - Madeleine M. Kunin, Swiss- born American politician, 77th Governor of Vermont * 1933 - Miguel Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (d. 2006) * 1934 – Brigitte Bardot, French actress and animal activist * 1935 - Pierre Ryckmans, Belgian-Australian writer and diplomat (d. 2014) * 1935 - Heather Sears, English actress (d. 1994) * 1938 – Ben E. King, American singer (d. 2015) * 1938 - Myechyslaw Hryb, former President of Belarus * 1939 - Elbridge Bryant, American tenor (d. 1975) * 1939 - Iain MacCormick, Scottish politician (d. 2014) * 1939 - Rudolph Walker, Trinidadian-English actor * 1939 - Stuart Kauffman, American physician and biologist * 1941 – David Lewis, American philosopher (d. 2001) * 1941 – Edmund Stoiber, German politician * 1942 - Donna Leon, American writer * 1942 - Tim Maia, Brazilian musician and songwriter (d. 1998) * 1943 - Nick St. Nicholas, German-Canadian musician (Steppenwolf) * 1944 - Yoshitada Yamaguchi, Japanese footballer * 1944 - Milos Zeman, former Prime Minister, and current President, of the Czech Republic * 1946 – Helen Shapiro, English singer * 1947 – Bob Carr, former Premier of New South Wales * 1947 – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh * 1947 – Jon Snow, English broadcast journalist * 1949 - Jim Henshaw, Canadian actor, screenwriter and producer * 1949 - George Kerevan, Scottish journalist, economist and politician, former SNP MP * 1950 – John Sayles, American director and screenwriter * 1950 – Laurie Lewis, American musician === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Jim Diamond, Scottish singer (d. 2015) * 1952 – Sylvia Kristel, Dutch actress, model and singer (d. 2012) * 1953 - Otmar Hasler, 11th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein * 1954 - Margot Wallström, Swedish politician * 1955 – Stéphane Dion, Canadian politician * 1960 – Jennifer Rush, American singer * 1960 - Socrates B. Villegas, Filipino archbishop * 1960 - Kamlesh Patel, Baron Patel of Bradford, English politician * 1961 - Quentin Kawananakoa, claimant to the throne of Hawaii * 1961 - Yordanka Donkova, Bulgarian athlete * 1961 - George Rossi, Scottish actor (d. 2022) * 1964 - Janeane Garofalo, American actress and comedienne * 1964 – Paul Jewell, English football manager * 1965 - Christopher Evan Welch, American actor (d. 2013) * 1966 - Ginger Fish, American musician * 1966 - Maria Canals- Barrera, American actress * 1966 - Leilani Sarelle, American actress * 1967 - Mira Sorvino, American actress * 1968 – Mika Hakkinen, Finnish racing driver * 1968 – Naomi Watts, English-Australian actress * 1969 - Angus Robertson, Scottish politician, SNP Deputy leader and former MP * 1970 – Kimiko Date- Krumm, Japanese tennis player * 1970 - Jo Wyatt, English singer and actress * 1971 - George Eustice, English politician * 1971 - Joseph Arthur, American singer * 1972 – Dita Von Teese, American Burlesque dancer * 1974 - Joonas Kolkka, Finnish footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 - Fedor Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist * 1977 - Ireneusz Marcinkowski, Polish footballer * 1978 - Peter Cambor, American actor * 1978 – Bushido, German rapper and musician * 1979 – Bam Margera, American skateboarder and actor * 1981 – Jorge Guagua, Ecuadorean footballer * 1981 - Melissa Claire Egan, American actress * 1982 - Takeshi Aoki, Japanese footballer * 1982 – Abhinav Bindra, Indian Olympic shooter * 1982 – Ray Emery, Canadian ice hockey player * 1982 – Ranbir Kapoor, Indian actor * 1982 - Matt Cohen, American actor * 1982 - St. Vincent, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1983 - Richard Henyekane, South African footballer (d. 2015) * 1983 - Sarah Wright, American actress and model * 1984 – Mathieu Valbuena, French footballer * 1984 – Melody Thornton, American singer * 1984 - Yvonne Ploetz, German politician * 1985 - Shindong, South Korean singer and actor (Super Junior) * 1986 - Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer * 1987 – Hilary Duff, American actress and singer * 1988 – Marin Cilic, Croatian tennis player * 1988 – Esmée Denters, Dutch singer * 1989 - Darius Johnson-Odom, American basketball player * 1990 – Kirsten Prout, Canadian actress * 1992 – Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (d. 2014) * 1993 - Jodie Williams, English athlete * 2000 - Frankie Jonas, American actor == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 48 BC – Pompey the Great, Roman consul (born 106 BC) * 235 – Saint Pontianus, Pope * 876 – Louis the German, King of Eastern Francia (born 804) * 935 – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (born 907) * 1104 – Pedro I, king of Aragon and Navarre (born 1068) * 1197 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1165) * 1582 - George Buchanan, Scottish philosopher and historian (born 1506) * 1781 - William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British statesman and diplomat (born 1717) * 1797 - Gunning Bedford, Jr., American politician, Governor of Delaware (born 1742) * 1829 - Nikolay Nikolayevich Raevsky, Russian general (born 1771) * 1844 - Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and statesman (born 1769) * 1859 – Carl Ritter, German geographer (born 1779) * 1891 – Herman Melville, American writer (born 1819) * 1895 – Louis Pasteur, French scientist (born 1822) * 1899 - Giovanni Segantini, Italian-Swiss painter (born 1858) === 1901 2000 === * 1907 - Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden (born 1826) * 1914 - Richard Sears, American businessman (born 1863) * 1918 - Eduard von Keyserling, German writer and dramatist (born 1835) * 1935 - William Kennedy Dickson, French-Scottish actor, director, producer and inventor (born 1860) * 1935 - Hans Baluschek, German painter (born 1870) * 1938 - Charles Duryea, American automobile manufacturer (born 1861) * 1939 - William Dunlap, American painter and writer (born 1866) * 1949 - Chrysanthus, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (born 1881) * 1953 - Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (born 1891) * 1956 – William Boeing, American aviation manufacturer (born 1881) * 1959 – Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (born 1901) * 1964 – Harpo Marx, American comedian and actor (born 1888) * 1966 - André Breton, French poet (born 1896) * 1970 – Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (born 1918) * 1978 – Pope John Paul I (born 1912) * 1979 - John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (born 1921) * 1981 – Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (born 1908) * 1989 – Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (born 1917) * 1990 - Larry O'Brien, American commissioner of the NBA (born 1917) * 1991 – Miles Davis, American musician (born 1926) * 1994 - Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (born 1953) * 1994 – José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican politician (assassinated) (born 1946) * 2000 – Pierre Elliott Trudeau, fifteenth Prime Minister of Canada (born 1919) === From 2001 === * 2003 - Yukichi Chuganji, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1889) * 2003 – Althea Gibson, American tennis player (b. 1927) * 2003 - Elia Kazan, Greek-born American movie director (b. 1909) * 2003 - Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (b. 1919) * 2009 – Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (b. 1936) * 2010 – Arthur Penn, American screenwriter (b. 1922) * 2012 - Michael O'Hare, American actor (b. 1952) * 2014 - Petr Skoumal, Czech musician and composer (b. 1938) * 2014 - Dannie Abse, Welsh writer (b. 1923) * 2015 - Ignacio Zoco, Spanish footballer (b. 1939) * 2015 - Michael Burgess, Canadian actor and tenor (b. 1945) * 2015 - Walter Dale Miller, American politician, 29th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1925) * 2015 - Frank Martinus Arion, Dutch Antillean writer (b. 1936) * 2015 - Frankie Ford, American singer (b. 1939) * 2016 - Shimon Peres, former President of Israel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1923) * 2016 - Agnes Nixon, American television writer and producer (b. 1922) * 2017 - Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi, Spanish film director (b. 1927) * 2017 - Lee Hsin, Taiwanese politician (b. 1953) * 2017 - Daniel Pe'er, Israeli television presenter (b. 1943) * 2017 - Jürgen Roth, German journalist (b. 1945) * 2017 - Benjamin Whitrow, British actor (b. 1937) * 2017 - Andreas Schmidt, German actor (b. 1963) * 2018 - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister of Swaziland (b. 1942) * 2018 - Ito Giani, Italian sprinter (b. 1941) * 2018 - Bob Jane, Australian racing driver and entrepreneur (b. 1929) * 2019 - José Aldunate, Chilean Roman Catholic prelate and activist (b. 1917) * 2019 - Ismail Petra of Kelantan, Malaysian royal (b. 1949) * 2019 - Jan Kobuszewski, Polish actor (b. 1934) * 2019 - José José, Mexican singer and actor (b. 1948) * 2019 - Mark Zakharov, Russian theatre and film director (b. 1933) == Holidays and observances == * RC Saints – St. Wenceslas, Lorenzo Ruiz - Also see September 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Czech Republic – Czech Statehood Day * Taiwan – Teacher's Day (Confucius' birthday) * World Heart Day * World Rabies Day * Ask a Stupid Question Day (United States)