Title: Industrial development in Pakistan Content: Factories and things made by machines are all called industry. Industry refers to the manufacture of raw materials by machine, which are used in the daily life of human beings. There are three types of benefits of factories. On the one hand, they meet human needs. The second is the addition of human comfort. And third, things can be made easily and quickly. Different industries work together. Which makes things less expensive to make. At present, the production of industrial goods is increasing exponentially. == National development == During the partition, Pakistan got those areas. Which were more industrially backward. Hindus were big industrialists and capitalists. Where factories were not established in Muslim-majority areas. When all the raw materials were available there at cheap rates. Yet these areas were kept away from industry. In East Bengal, the production of Puttsun was 50% of the total world production. However, not a single Puttsun factory was set up there. On the other hand, in West Bengal, more than a hundred Puttsun factories were operating on the Hugli River Cup. Cotton was grown in West Punjab. However, textile mills were established in Mumbai and Ahmedabad, at the time of independence Pakistan there were cotton, sugar and a total of seven cement factories. Therefore, Pakistan started its industrial development on a weaker basis. The Pakistani government realized that the country was lagging behind industrially. Therefore, special efforts were made to establish a strong industrial system. An industrial policy was announced in 1948, which encouraged the private sector. In 1972, the government nationalized ten types of factories. At the time, the government's actions created uncertainty in the private sector. Capitalists are now reluctant to invest in industry. The subsequent government made state-controlled factories private in the same way. In addition, the private sector paved the way for setting up new factories and investing in them. As investors invest in Pakistan's industrial sectors. == Industries == Industries in Pakistan are divided into the following categories * (1) Domestic and small scale industries * (2) Large industries * (3) Defense industries == Small home industries == Small and cottage industries are very important. Because they provide employment at the local level. They cost less to set up. And the administrative structure is also small. When the focus is on small and cottage industries, human migration from the countryside to the city will be reduced. There are so many types it's hard to say. Small and cottage industries have a significant role to play in Pakistan. Thousands of people work in them. Which strengthens the country's economy. There are small and cottage industries in Pakistan (1) blanket making factory: *Pakistan has raw materials for making blankets. There are many blanket factories in different parts of the country. It is located in the cities of Punjab Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Multan and Jhang. In Sindhi the blanket is called carpet. The cities of Sindh include Jakmabad, Sukkur, Khairpur, Mirpur Khas, Umerkot, Tharparkar, Hyderabad and Based in Karachi. Blankets are widely made in the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar. It's a big business locally. Similarly, there are blanket making industries in Quetta, the main city of Balochistan. Very beautiful and beautiful blankets are made in Pakistan. Which is very popular in Brown country. Money is made through this top industry. Blankets are made from this synthetic thread. (2) Cotton imprint: *It is an important and major industry in small domestic industries. It also includes hand stitching. The net of which is spread in every part of Sindh and Punjab. The number of hand sewing is in the tens of millions. This industry is a major source of local employment. Sutri sewing beautiful jackets and sutri sheets, bed sheets, sutri longi etc. are made. In Punjab it is located in Faisalabad, Multan, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sargodha and Sialkot, and in Sindh Hyderabad, Sukkur, Jakimabad, Kashmore and Ghotki. (3) Leather making factory: * Leather making is an important industry in Pakistan. Boots, suitcases, vases, handbags and other leather goods are made in diffe2rent parts of the country. Leather Goods Karachi, Hyderabad (Sindh), Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Multan (Punjab) Made in Peshawar and Swat (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). There are also tanneries in Balochistan. This industry involves a large number of workers. (4) Sports equipment: * The raw material of all kinds of sports goods is common jam in Pakistan. The manufacture of sporting goods requires a soft type of wood and leather. Sporting goods are widely manufactured in Lahore and Sialkot. Pakistan earns foreign exchange by selling these goods. Pakistan-made hockey, cricket benches and ball, football and racquets are very popular in foreign countries. (5) Cutlery or cutting tools: * Cutlery includes cups, scissors, spoons and knife etc. Wazirabad, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Gujarat and Lahore make various cutlery items. Money is made by making and selling cutlery to the standards of foreign countries. (6) Sewing and sewing work: * The work of sewing and sewing is a source of great value and status for Pakistan. This is a popular art of Pakistan. Flower berths made of silk thread are very popular. Which draws people to it. Sewing has been a common practice in Sindh since ancient times. European and Gulf countries used to come through Sindh to trade in sewn goods. This work Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Occurs in different cities of Gilgit- Baltistan and Kashmir. In Sindh and Balochistan, hats are made by weaving small pieces of moss on cloth with silk thread, and hats are widely used. This art is called Sindhi and Balochi art. The main centers of this art are Larkana, Dadu, Shikarpur, Nawabshah and Khuzdar. This is a special skill of the families of Balochistan and Sindh. "Salmi Sattar" works in major cities of Sindh and Punjab. Flower stitches, leather stitches are gold The cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa include Peshawar, Dera Ismail Khan, Kohat and Nowshera. == Large industries == In large industries, the lower factories are counted. (1) Textile Mills: The textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. These factories produce the best quality fabrics. Pakistan is self-sufficient in cotton cloth. Millions of rupees are earned every year by selling these clothes abroad. Special centers for textile industry are Faisalabad, Lahore and Multan (Punjab), Karachi and Hyderabad (Sindh). Occurs in Peshawar, Dera Ismail Khan, Nowshera, Bannu, Haripur and Swat (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Athal and Quetta (Balochistan). There are more than 500 industrial factories in Pakistan. In which only 3 factories were invented at the time of independence in 1947. There are also woolen factories in Pakistan. But cotton is no match for textile mills. The main reason is that low quality in Pakistan is obtained from it. It is used to make more wool or blankets. Major woolen factories are located in Karachi (Sindh), Lawrencepur (Rawalpindi), Lahore, Quaidabad (Punjab), Harnai (Balochistan) and Bannu (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Where blankets and woolen cloth are made from wool particles. There are currently 70 woolen factories in Pakistan. Lawrencepur and Karachi factories produce high quality woolen cloth. There are also silk industries in Pakistan. There are two types of silk used in the manufacture of silk fabrics. A natural silk. It is obtained from silkworms. And the second is Hathrado silk, which is called synthetic or synthetic silk. As natural silk is very expensive and non- existent. That's why people love synthetic or artificial silk fabrics. A synthetic silk factory operates in Karib Kala Shah Kaku, Lahore. Synthetic silk is called Rayon. Silk thread and raw silk are imported from brown countries. Karachi is a major hub for the silk industry. Besides, silk factories have been set up in Faisalabad, Lahore, Multan, Gujranwala, Peshawar, Swat, Sukkur, Hyderabad and Ghotki. (2) Chinese factory: The sugar industry is of great importance in Pakistan. In 1947, two sugar factories were set up, one at Karib Rahwali in Gujranwala and the other at Takht Bai in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Sugar is made from sugarcane. Which is produced on a large scale in Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. According to statistics, there are 78 sugar factories in the country. (40 in Punjab, 32 in Sindh, 6 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) The production capacity of all these factories is 5 million tons. Pakistan is not only self-sufficient in sugar but also sells it to foreign countries. From them Earning income. The sugar made in Pakistan is of high quality. (3) Cement factory: Gypsum is used in the manufacture of cement. Fortunately, Pakistan has large deposits of Chen stone and gypsum. That is why so many cement factories have been set up in the public or private sector. They are operating under the administrative regulations of Pakistan State Cement Corporation (PSCC). Cement factories are operating in the lower areas of Pakistan. ** Federal Territory = Islamabad ** Punjab = Dhandwat, Wah, Dawood Khel, Rawalpindi, Dera Ghazi Khan ** Sindh = Karachi, Hyderabad, Thatta, Nooriabad and Rohri. ** Khyber Pakhtunkhwa = Kohat, Haripur and Nowshero ** Balochistan = Darwaza and Gadani Cement production in Pakistan is almost self-sufficient. In 1947, there was only one cement factory. There are currently 25 cement factories operating in the country. Of which 21 factories are operating in the private sector and 4 factories are operating in the public sector. The capacity of these factories is 17.7 million tons. (4) chemical fertilizer factory: The country's need for chemical fertilizers is met through fertilizers made in factories here. Chemical fertilizers are essential for optimal production. These factories produce different types of fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer is more than required in Pakistan. Therefore, the remaining fertilizer is sent to foreign countries. Chemical fertilizer factories in Sindh Dharki and Mirpur Mathelo, and Punjab in Sheikhupura, Sadiqabad, Rahim Yar Khan , Multan, Faisalabad and Gujranwala. Fertilizer factories are located in the city of Haripur in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Their production capacity is 5.6 million tons. == Defense industries == The defense industries include iron and steel mills, heavy mechanical complexes and shipbuilding plants. Below is the necessary information for them. (1) Iron and steel factory: The factories of Iron and Steel depend on iron ore. Cast iron is obtained from Kala Bagh, Makarwal (Punjab), Langarial (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Khuzdar, Ziarat, Chal Ghazi and Nok Kundi (Balochistan). The iron ore found there is less than the country's needs. That is why he is taken abroad. Large iron and steel mills are located in Karachi and Taxila. Which are briefly mentioned below. (A) Pakistan Steel Mill Karachi: The mills have been set up near Bin Qasim Port, 40 km from Karachi. Work on the mill began in 1973 with the help of Russia, and produces pig iron, iron sheets, coal wire, and more. Thousands of people work in this mill. How much of the country was saved from the formation of this mill. (B) Heavy Mechanical Complex, Taxila: The Heavy Mechanical Complex was established in 1968 in Taxila, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in collaboration with China. Machinery, trucks, and spare parts for the railway engine, sugar, cement, textile and fertilizer factories are manufactured here. Imports of steel and machinery have fallen sharply since the Taxila complex began operations. In addition, a variety of machinery and additional tools do not have to be imported and the treasury is saved. (2) Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works: Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works was established in 1956. Where different types of ships began to be built. Ship repair work is also done here. In addition to shipbuilding, fish fishing fleets, shipwrecks, and ships from other countries are repaired. The shipbuilding industry in Pakistan has developed very well. (3) Weapons and the military equipment industry: The weapons factory is located in Wah, near Islamabad. Air defense equipment is manufactured in Havelian, KP Province, and Kamra, Punjab. Defense Machinery is made in a machine tool factory located in Landhi Karachi. Missiles are also manufactured in Pakistan. Pakistan is self-sufficient in making formal or modern weapons and ammunition.