Title: September 7 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 70 A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 King Louis II of France is crowned by Pope John VIII. * 1159 Pope Alexander II is chosen. * 1191 Third Crusade: Battle of Asruf - Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Asruf. * 1228 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor lands at Acre, Palestine, starting the Sixth Crusade. * 1533 Future-Queen Elizabeth I of England is born, as the daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII of England, who had expected a male heir to the throne. * 1571 Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is arrested for his role in the Ridolf plot to assassinate Elizabeth I of England and replace her on the throne with Mary, Queen of Scots. * 1706 War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to a French withdrawal from Italy. * 1764 Election of Stanislaw August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. * 1776 World's first submarine attack. The American submarine Turtle tried to put a time bomb on the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship Eagle in New York Harbor. * 1778 American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war, on the US' side. * 1812 Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon defeated the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino. * 1818 Carl III of Sweden-Norway became king of Norway, in Trondheim. * 1822 Brazil becomes independent from Portugal. * 1837 French explorer Jules Dumont D'Urville starts his expedition to Antarctica. * 1853 German explorer Heinrich Barth enters Timbuktu. * 1860 Unification of Italy: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples. * 1864 American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. * 1876 In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James Younger-Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are driven off by armed citizens. * 1895 The first game of what later becomes rugby league football is played in England. === 1901 1950 === * 1901 The Boxer Rebellion in China ends with the signing of the Peking Protocol. * 1906 Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France successfully. * 1907 The Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her first voyage from Liverpool in the UK to New York City in the US. * 1909 Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, and dies as a result. He becomes the first 'pilot' in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air flight. * 1911 French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail. It was believed that he took the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. He is later found to be innocent. * 1921 In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America beauty pageant is held. * 1922 In Aydin, Turkey, independence from Greek occupation is declared. * 1922 The Bank of Latvia is founded. * 1927 The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo T. Farnsworth. * 1929 Finnish passenger steamer Kuru sinks, killing 136 people. * 1932 Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia: Start of the Battle of Boquerón. * 1936 The last-surviving member of the thylacine species dies in the Hobart Zoo, Hobart, Tasmania. * 1940 World War II: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to bomb London. This will be the first of 57 nights of bombing. * 1940 Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria. * 1942 World War II: Australian and American forces inflict a significant defeat on Japan at the Battle of Milne Bay. * 1943 A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas kills 55 people. * 1945 World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since 1941, surrender to US Marines. * 1949 The German Bundestag, parliament of West Germany and later the whole of Germany, meets for the first time. So does the Bundesrat, whose leader Karl Arnold is the first acting President of the Federal Republic. === 1951 2000 === * 1953 Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee. * 1953 Mohammed Daoud Khan becomes Premier of Afghanistan. * 1955 Floods in India make around 45 million people homeless. It is not known how many people died. * 1963 The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio. * 1965 Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Pirahna on the Batangan Peninsula. * 1970 An anti-war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland. * 1977 The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The US agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century. * 1978 While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is targeted by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. He dies as a result of the attack four days later. * 1979 The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) makes its debut. * 1986 Desmond Tutu becomes the first black to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa. * 1986 Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet escapes an assassination attempt. * 1987 East German leader Erich Honecker visits West Germany. * 1996 In Las Vegas, Nevada, actor and rapper Tupac Shakur is shot several times after attending a boxing match. * 1998 Google Inc. is founded. * 1999 A major earthquake close to Athens, Greece results to the collapse of few buildings in the area. About 150 people are killed. === From 2001 === * 2004 The Serbian government backs a decision by Ljiljana Colic to require the teaching of both creationism and evolution in schools. * 2004 Hurricane Ivan hits Grenada, killing 39 people. * 2005 Egypt holds its first multi-party election. * 2008 The US Government takes over the mortgage financial companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. * 2011 A plane carrying the Russian Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team crashes shortly after take-off, killing 43 of the 45 people on board, with one, Alexander Galimov, dying five days later. Some of Europe's leading ice hockey players are among those killed in the crash, as only the flight engineer, Alexander Sizov, survives. * 2012 Several earthquakes strike southern China, with at least 80 people being killed. * 2012 Canada breaks off diplomatic relations with Iran over its stance on the political crisis in Syria. * 2013 The Liberal Party of Australia-led coaltion, under leadership of Tony Abbott, defeats Kevin Rudd's Australian Labor Party in Australia's general election. * 2013 Tokyo wins the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics. * 2017 The 2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes in Mexico. * 2019 Bianca Andreescu becomes the first tennis player born in the 2000s to win a Grand Slam singles title, winning the Women's Final at the US Open against Serena Williams. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 786 Emperor Saga of Japan (d. 842) * 1388 Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (d. 1412) * 1438 Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (d. 1471) * 1492 Jacob Acontius, Italian humanist, philosopher, jurist and engineer (d. 1567) * 1524 Thomas Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583) * 1533 Elizabeth I, Queen of England (d. 1603) * 1641 Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese shogun (d. 1680) * 1674 Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (d. 1728) * 1683 Mary Anne of Austria, Queen of Portugal (d. 1754) * 1694 Johan Ludvig, Danish politician (d. 1763) * 1707 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, biologist and writer (d. 1788) * 1726 François-André Danican Philidor, French chess player and composer (d. 1795) * 1731 Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer, singer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1765) * 1740 Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor (d. 1814) * 1795 John Polidori, English writer (d. 1821) * 1807 Henry Sewell, 1st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1879) * 1810 Hermann Heinrich Gossen, Prussian economist (d. 1858) * 1813 Emil Korytko, Polish political activist and translator (d. 1839) * 1815 John McDouall Stuart, Scottish-Australian explorer (d. 1866) * 1815 Howell Cobb, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1868) * 1817 Louise of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1898) * 1818 Thomas Talbot, 31st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1886) * 1819 Thomas A. Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States and 16th Governor of Indiana (d. 1885) * 1829 Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist and naturalist (d. 1896) * 1831 Alexandre Falguiere, French sculptor and painter (d. 1900) * 1836 Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908) * 1842 Johannes Zukertort, German chess player (d. 1888) * 1859 Juan Campisteguy, President of Uruguay (d. 1937) * 1860 Grandma Moses, American painter (d. 1961) * 1866 Tristan Bernard, French playwright and novelist (d. 1947) * 1867 J. P. Morgan, American banker (d. 1943) * 1869 Ben Viljoen, South African general (d. 1917) * 1870 Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian writer and adventurer (d. 1938) * 1870 Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1964) * 1876 Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1934) * 1876 C. J. Dennis, Australian poet (d. 1938) * 1885 Elinor Wylie, American poet and novelist (d. 1928) * 1887 Edith Sitwell, English poet and critic (d. 1964) * 1894 Vic Richardson, Australian cricketer, footballer and sportscaster (d. 1969) * 1894 Gala Dali, wife of Salvador Dalí (d. 1982) * 1895 Jacques Vaché, French writer (d. 1919) * 1898 Mamie Rearden, American supercentenarian (d. 2013) * 1900 Taylor Caldwell, American novelist (d. 1985) * 1900 Giuseppe Zangara, Italian attempted-assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1945) === 1901 1950 === * 1908 Michael E. DeBakey, American heart surgeon (d. 2008) * 1908 Max Kaminsky, American trumpeter and bandleader (d. 1994) * 1909 Elia Kazan, Greek-born American movie and theatre director (d. 2003) * 1911 Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian Communist political leader (d. 1998) * 1912 Henry Packard, American businessman (d. 1996) * 1913 Anthony Quayle, British actor and director (d. 1989) * 1914 James Van Allen, American scientist (d. 2006) * 1915 Kiyoshi Ito, Japanese mathematician (d. 2008) * 1917 John Cornforth, Australian chemist (d. 2013) * 1918 Jorge Illueca, 38th President of Panama (d. 2012) * 1921 Peter A. Peyser, American politician (d. 2014) * 1923 Louise Suggs, American golfer (d. 2015) * 1923 Peter Lawford, British- American actor (d. 1984) * 1924 Daniel Inouye, Hawaiian United States Senator (d. 2012) * 1925 Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (d. 1985) * 1925 Allan Blakeney, Canadian politician (d. 2011) * 1926 Erich Juskowiak, German footballer (d. 1983) * 1926 Don Messick, American voice actor (d. 1997) * 1926 Ronnie Gilbert, American folk singer, songwriter, actress and activist (d. 2014) * 1926 Samuel Goldwyn, Jr., American film producer (d. 2015) * 1926 Patrick Jenkin, English politician * 1927 Eric Hill, English author and illustrator (d. 2014) * 1929 Bobby Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2001) * 1930 Sonny Rollins, American jazz musician * 1930 Baudouin I, King of Belgium (d. 1993) * 1931 Charles Camilleri, Maltese composer (d. 2009) * 1931 Bruce Reynolds, British train robber (d. 2013) * 1934 Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian author and poet (d. 2012) * 1934 Omar Karami, former Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2015) * 1935 Alan Steel, Italian bodybuilder and actor (d. 2015) * 1935 Abdou Diouf, 2nd President of Senegal * 1935 Pedro Manfredini, Argentine footballer * 1936 Buddy Holly, American singer (d. 1959) * 1937 Oleg Lobov, Russian politician * 1937 Olly Wilson, American pianist, bassist and composer * 1939 Stanislav Petrov, Soviet-Russian lieutenant colonel (d. 2017) * 1940 Abdurrahman Wahid, 4th President of Indonesia (d. 2009) * 1940 Dario Argento, Italian movie director and screenwriter * 1944 Bora Milutinovic, Serbian footballer and coach * 1945 Jacques Lemaire, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1946 Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist and philosopher (d. 2001) * 1949 Barry Siegel, American journalist * 1949 Gloria Gaynor, American singer * 1950 Julie Kavner, American voice actress === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Chrissie Hynde, American guitarist and singer * 1952 Des Bremner, Scottish footballer * 1954 Michael Emerson, American actor * 1954 Corbin Bernsen, American actor * 1955 Efim Zelmanov, Russian mathematician * 1956 Diane Warren, American composer * 1957 Jermaine Stewart, American singer (Culture Club) (d. 1997) * 1957 Alok Sharma, Indian-English politician * 1958 Goran Hadzic, Serbian politician (d. 2016) * 1959 Alfred Gislason, Icelandic handball coach * 1959 Ray Stewart, Scottish footballer * 1960 Brad Houser, American bass guitarist, baritone saxophone and bass clarinet player * 1960 Phillip Rhee, American actor, martial artist, director and producer * 1961 Jean-Yves Thibaudet, French pianist * 1962 Jennifer Egan, American author * 1962 Hasan Vezir, Turkish footballer and manager * 1963 Eazy-E, American rapper (d. 1995) * 1964 Andy Hug, Swiss martial artist and kickboxer (d. 2000) * 1965 Darko Pancev, Macedonian footballer * 1965 Andreas Thom, German footballer * 1968 Marcel Desailly, French footballer * 1969 Diane Farr, American actress * 1969 Angie Everhart, American actress * 1972 Slug, American rapper * 1972 Simon Nash, English voice actor * 1973 Shannon Elizabeth, American actress and poker player * 1974 Mario Frick, Liechtenstein footballer * 1974 Stéphane Henchoz, Swiss footballer * 1975 Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2007) * 1975 Harold Wallace, Costa Rican footballer === From 1976 === * 1978 Erwin Koen, Dutch footballer * 1980 Javad Nekounam, Iranian footballer * 1980 Emre Belozoglu, Turkish footballer * 1980 Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer * 1981 Natalie McGarry, Scottish politician * 1983 Piri Weepu, New Zealand rugby player * 1983 Mehmet Topuz, Turkish footballer * 1984 Ben Hollingsworth, Canadian actor * 1984 Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer * 1984 Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player * 1985 Rafinha, Brazilian footballer * 1987 Evan Rachel Wood, American actress * 1987 Robert Snodgrass, Scottish footballer * 1988 Kevin Love, American basketball player * 1990 Tanja Kolbe, German ice dancer * 1990 Alex Harvey, Canadian cross-country skier * 1991 Jennifer Veal, English actress and comedienne * 1991 Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (d. 2010) * 1992 Kristina Vaculik, Canadian gymnast * 1994 Elinor Barker, Welsh cyclist * 1994 Kento Yamazaki, Japanese actor and model * 1995 Sahaj Grover, Indian chess player * 1999 Michelle Creber, Canadian actress, singer, and dancer * 1999 Cameron Ocasio, American actor == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 251 Sima Yi, Chinese strategist, general and politician * 355 Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper * 1134 King Alfonso I of Aragon * 1151 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (b. 1113) * 1312 Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285) * 1464 Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1412) * 1496 King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 1469) * 1539 Guru Nanak Dev, Indian religious leader, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469) * 1548 Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII of England * 1552 Guru Angad Dev, 2nd Sikh Guru (b. 1504) * 1573 Joanna of Austria, Regent of Spain (b. 1535) * 1632 Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1572) * 1644 Guido Bentivoglio, Italian statesman (b. 1579) * 1657 Arvid Wittenberg, Swedish count, field marshal and privy councillor (b. 1606) * 1685 William Carpenter, English-American settler, co-founder of Rhode Island (b. 1605) * 1708 Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706) * 1731 Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian wife of Peter the Great (b. 1669) * 1741 Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (b. 1689) * 1783 Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1707) * 1799 Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (b. 1717) * 1809 Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (b. 1737) * 1809 Caroline Schelling, German writer and translator (b. 1763) * 1833 Hannah More, English poet, playwright and philanthropist (b. 1745) * 1871 Kimenzan Tanigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1826) * 1881 Sidney Lanier, American poet and academic (b. 1842) * 1891 Lorenzo Sawyer, American lawyer and judge (b. 1820) * 1892 John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet (b. 1807) * 1893 Hamilton Fish, United States Secretary of State (b. 1808) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau, Spanish writer and diplomat (b. 1842) * 1909 Eugene Lefebvre, French aviator (b. 1878) * 1910 William Holman Hunt, English painter (b. 1827) * 1920 Simon Napoleon Parent, 12th Premier of Quebec (b. 1855) * 1951 Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912) * 1953 Nobuyuki Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1875) * 1956 C. B. Fry, English cricketer, politician and academic (b. 1872) * 1959 Maurice Duplessis, Quebec politician (b. 1890) * 1960 Wilhelm Pieck, East German politician (b. 1876) * 1961 Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Dutch lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1885) * 1962 Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (b. 1892) * 1962 Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian singer (b. 1895) * 1962 Karen Blixen, Danish writer (b. 1885) * 1969 Everett Dirksen, American politician (b. 1896) * 1978 Keith Moon, English drummer (The Who) (b. 1946) * 1989 Mikhail Goldstein, Soviet violinist and composer (b. 1917) * 1994 Dennis Morgan, American actor (b. 1908) * 1994 Terence Young, American director and screenwriter (b. 1915) * 1998 Mobutu Sese Seko, leader of Zaire (b. 1930) === From 2001 === * 2001 Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (b. 1930) * 2002 Erma Franklin, American singer (b. 1938) * 2004 Bob Boyd, American baseball player (b. 1925) * 2007 John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1925) * 2010 Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (b. 1991) * 2011 Victims of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash, including: **Pavol Demitra, Slovakian ice hockey player (b. 1974) **Stefan Liv, Polish- born Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1980) **Karel Rachunek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979) **Ruslan Salei, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1974) **Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (b. 1974) **Jan Marek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979) **Brad McCrimmon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1959) **Robert Dietrich, German ice hockey player (b. 1986) **Sergei Ostapchuk, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1990) **Alexander Karpovtsev, Russian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1970) **Josef Vasicek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1980) **Igor Korolev, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1970) * 2012 Leszek Drogosz, Polish boxer and actor (b. 1933) * 2013 Marek Spilar, Slovakian footballer (b. 1975) * 2014 Kwon Ri-se, South Korean singer (b. 1991) * 2014 Fanny Godin, Belgian supercentenarian (b. 1902) * 2014 Raul M. Gonzalez, Filipino teacher and politician (b. 1930) * 2014 Don Keefer, American actor (b. 1916) * 2014 Harold Shipp, Canadian businessman (b. 1926) * 2014 Harry Evans, Australian public servant (b. 1946) * 2014 Elsa-Marianne von Rosen, Swedish ballet dancer, choreographer and actress (b. 1924) * 2015 Candida Royalle, American pornographic actress (b. 1950) * 2015 Susan Allen, American harpist (b. 1951) * 2017 Jeremiah Goodman, American illustrator (b. 1922) * 2017 Kim Ki-duk, South Korean film director and producer (b. 1934) * 2017 Gene Michael, American baseball player (b. 1938) * 2018 Samuel Bodman, American politician (b. 1938) * 2018 Mac Miller, American rapper (b. 1992) * 2018 Yang Side, Chinese general (b. 1921) * 2018 Kurt Helmudt, Danish rower (b. 1943) * 2018 Ingemar Mundebo, Swedish politician (b. 1930) * 2018 Szarlota Pawel, Polish comic book artist (b. 1947) * 2019 Robert Axelrod, American actor (b. 1949) * 2019 Roger Boutry, French composer and conductor (b. 1932) * 2019 Al Carmichael, American football player and stuntman (b. 1928) * 2019 Naiyyum Choudhury, Bangladeshi biochemist (b. 1946) * 2019 Peter Nichols, British playwright (b. 1927) * 2019 Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (b. 1924) * 2019 John Wesley, American actor (b. 1947) == Observances == * National Day of Brazil * National Threatened Species Day (Australia) * Victory Day (Mozambique) September 07