Title: September 23 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1338 Hundred Years' War: The Battle of Arnemuiden is fought, as the first naval battle. * 1409 Battle of Kherlen: Second significant victory by the Mongols over Ming Dynasty China since 1368. * 1459 Battle of Blore Heath: First major battle of the English Wars of the Roses. * 1568 Spanish naval forces rout and English fleet under command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulua near Veracruz. * 1641 The Merchant Royal, carrying treasure worth over a billion US Dollars, is lost at sea off Land's End, Cornwall. * 1805 Napoleonic Wars: After the Austrians march into Bavaria, France declares war on Prussia. * 1806 The Lewis and Clark expedition ends with the return to St. Louis, Missouri. * 1821 Tripolitsa, Greece, falls and 30,000 Turks are massacred during the Greek War of Independence. * 1845 Knickerbockers Baseball Club is founded in New York City. It is the first baseball team to play under modern rules. * 1846 The planet Neptune is officially discovered. * 1868 Grito de Lares, "Lares Revolt", occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule. * 1875 Billy the Kid is arrested for the first time, for stealing clothes from a laundryman. * 1889 Nintendo Koppai, later the Nintendo Company, is founded in Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi. === 1901 2000 === * 1905 Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad Treaty", peacefully ending their union. * 1908 The University of Alberta is founded. * 1909 The Phantom of the Opera, a novel by Gaston Leroux, is published as a series in the Le Gaulois newspaper. * 1910 French-Peruvian pilot Geo Chavez becomes the first person to fly a plane across the Alps. * 1913 Roland Garros becomes the first person to fly a plane across the Mediterranean Sea, doing so from San Raphael, France to Bizerte, Tunisia. * 1932 The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed Saudi Arabia. * 1938 Mobilisation of the Czech army in response to the Munich Crisis. * 1939 Psychologist and key figure in Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud dies at the age of 83. * 1941 Holocaust: The first gas chamber experiments take place at Auschwitz. * 1943 The Nazi puppet state of the Italian Social Republic is founded. * 1959 Iowa farmer and corn breeder Roswell Garst hosts Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. * 1965 Indo- Pakistani War of 1965 ends. * 1972 Ferdinand Marcos announces the implementation of martial law over TV and radio in the Philippines. * 1973 Chilean poet Pablo Neruda dies, 12 days after the coup that brought Augusto Pinochet to power in Chile. * 1973 Juan Perón retakes power in Argentina, but dies just over 9 months later. * 1980 Bob Marley plays in his last live performance, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. * 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the UN. * 1983 Gerrie Coetzee becomes the first African heavyweight boxing World champion. * 1983 Gulf Air Flight 771 is bombed, killing all 117 people on board. * 1989 Azerbaijan declares its sovereignty from the Soviet Union. * 1993 The 2000 Summer Olympics are awarded to Sydney, Australia. * 1999 NASA announces it has lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter. === From 2001 === * 2002 The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox (Phoenix 0.1) is released. * 2004 Hurricane Jeanne reportedly kills 1,070 people in Haiti. * 2008 The Kauhajoki Shooting occurs in Finland, as 10 people are shot dead. The gunman, Matti Saari, later turns the gun on himself. * 2009 Major dust storms affect Eastern Australia, as people in Sydney wake up to find their city shrouded in red dust. * 2017 New Zealand general election: The centre-right New Zealand National Party under Prime Minister Bill English becomes the largest party for the 4th term in-a-row. The New Zealand Labour Party under Jacinda Ardern performs a lot better than in the previous election. * 2017 Iran announces a weapon-test, only a few days after a speech by US President Donald Trump in which he strongly criticised the country. * 2019 British travel company Thomas Cook collapses. * 2019 Russia joins the Paris Climate Agreement. * 2019 Climate change activist Greta Thunberg speaks at a United Nations Climate summit. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 480 BC Euripides, Greek playwright (d. 406 BC) * 63 BC Augustus Caesar, Roman Emperor (d. 14) * 1158 Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1186) * 1161 Emperor Takamura of Japan (d. 1181) * 1215 Kublai Khan, Mongol ruler (d. 1294) * 1392 Filippo Maria Visconti, Italian regent (d. 1447) * 1434 Yolande of Valois (d. 1478) * 1495 Bagrat III of Imereti, King of Imereti in Georgia (d. 1565) * 1598 Eleonore Gonzaga, wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655) * 1642 Giovanni Maria Bononcini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1678) * 1647 Joseph Dudley, American statesman (d. 1720) * 1713 King Ferdinand VI of Spain (d. 1759) * 1740 Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813) * 1759 Clothilde of France (d. 1802) * 1771 Emperor Kokaku of Japan (d. 1840) * 1778 Mariano Moreno, Argentine lawyer, journalist and politician (d. 1811) * 1781 Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1860) * 1783 Peter von Cornelius, German painter (d. 1867) * 1791 Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (d. 1865) === 1801 1900 === * 1819 Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (d. 1896) * 1823 John Colton, English-Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (d. 1902) * 1834 Aleksey Suvorin, Russian publisher, dramatist and theatre critic (d. 1912) * 1838 Victoria Woodhull, American Women's rights activist (d. 1927) * 1850 Alfred Boucher, French sculptor (d. 1934) * 1852 William Stewart Halsted, American surgeon (d. 1922) * 1853 Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1923) * 1853 Konstantin Stoilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1901) * 1861 Robert Bosch, German industrialist, engineer and inventor (d. 1942) * 1863 Mary Church Terrell, American author and activist (d. 1954) * 1864 Draga Masin, Queen Consort of Serbia (d. 1903) * 1865 Emma Orczy, British novelist (d. 1947) * 1865 Suzanne Valadon, French painter (d. 1938). * 1876 Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli scholar (d. 1968) * 1880 John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician (d. 1971) * 1883 Grigory Zinoviev, Soviet politician (d. 1936) * 1884 Eugene Talmadge, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1946) * 1889 Walter Lippmann, American journalist (d. 1974) * 1890 Friedrich Paulus, German general (d. 1957) * 1892 Georgi Damyanov, Bulgarian politician (d. 1958) * 1893 Aleksei Losev, Russian philosopher and philologist (d. 1988) * 1895 Miron Merzhanov, Soviet architect (d. 1975) * 1897 Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (d. 1984) * 1899 Tom C. Clark, 59th Attorney General of the United States (d. 1977) * 1900 Bill Stone, British World War I veteran (d. 2009) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer (d. 1986) * 1902 Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Romanian jurist and Communist politician (d. 2000) * 1902 Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and academic (d. 2003) * 1905 Tiny Bradshaw, American bandleader and musician (d. 1958) * 1906 Charles Ritchie, Canadian diplomat (d. 1995) * 1907 Albert Ammons, American pianist (d. 1949) * 1907 Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese royal (d. 1976) * 1907 Jarmila Novotna, Czech soprano and actress (d. 1994) * 1908 Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian Hindi poet (d. 1974) * 1911 Frank Moss, American politician (d. 2003) * 1912 Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani critic and linguist (d. 2005) * 1913 Tokutaro Ukon, Japanese footballer (d. 1944) * 1913 Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter (d. 2007) * 1914 Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1986) * 1915 Sergio Bertoni, Italian footballer (d. 1995) * 1915 Clifford Shull, American physicist (d. 2001) * 1916 Aldo Moro, Italian politician (d. 1978) * 1917 Asima Chatterjee, Indian organic chemist (d. 2006) * 1917 Santo, Mexican masked professional wrestler and actor (d. 1984) * 1917 Imre Németh, Hungarian hammer thrower (d. 1989) * 1918 Salvatore Pappalardo, Italian cardinal (d. 2006) * 1920 Alexander Arutunian, Armenian composer (d. 2012) * 1920 Mickey Rooney, American actor (d. 2014) * 1920 Ovadia Yosef, Israeli rabbi (d. 2013) * 1922 Louise Latham, American actress (d. 2018) * 1923 Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, British politician and businessman (d. 2019) * 1923 Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (d. 2016) * 1923 Margaret Pellegrini, American actress (d. 2013) * 1924 Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan editor and journalist (d. 1978) * 1924 Jean Piat, French actor (d. 2018) * 1925 Angelo Acerbi, Italian Roman Catholic archbishop * 1925 George J. Laurer, American inventor * 1926 John Coltrane, American jazz musician (d. 1967) * 1926 André Cassagnes, French toymaker (d. 2013) * 1927 Mighty Joe Young, American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 1999) * 1928 Hollie Pihl, American judge (d. 2018) * 1930 Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2004) * 1930 Colin Blakely, British actor (d. 1987) * 1930 Albert Manent, Spanish writer (d. 2014) * 1934 Franc Rodé, Slovenian cardinal * 1934 Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan * 1934 Per-Olov Enquist, Swedish author * 1936 Valentín Paniagua, former President of Peru (d. 2006) * 1937 Martin Litchfield West, British philologist (d. 2015) * 1938 Romy Schneider, German-born actress (d. 1982) * 1939 Roy Buchanan, American guitarist (d. 1988) * 1939 Henry Blofeld, English cricket journalist * 1940 Tim Rose, American-born English musician (d. 2002) * 1940 Michel Temer, President and 25th Vice president of Brazil * 1940 Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, Iranian musician and songwriter * 1941 Norma Winstone, English singer and lyricist * 1941 Luis Durnwalder, Italian politician * 1942 Sila María Calderón, 7th Governor of Puerto Rico * 1943 Julio Iglesias, Spanish singer * 1943 Tanuja, Indian actress * 1943 Lino Oviedo, Paraguayan general and politician (d. 2013) * 1945 Igor Ivanov, Russian politician * 1945 Ron Bushy, American drummer (Iron Butterfly) * 1946 Bernard Maris, French economist, writer and journalist (d. 2015) * 1947 Jerzy Popieluszko, Polish priest (d. 1984) * 1947 Mary Kay Place, American actress and singer * 1949 Bruce Springsteen, American singer-songwriter and musician * 1949 Floella Benjamin, British actress, author, television presenter and politician * 1950 Dietmar Lorenz, German judoka === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Mark Bego, American author * 1953 Nicholas Witchell, English journalist * 1954 Cherie Blair, English lawyer, wife of Tony Blair * 1956 Paolo Rossi, Italian footballer * 1956 Andoni Goikoetxea, Basque-Spanish footballer * 1957 Emilia Contessa, Indonesian actress and singer * 1957 Rosalind Chow, American actress * 1957 Fergus Ewing, Scottish footballer * 1958 Larry Mize, golfer * 1959 Fernando Romay, Spanish basketball player * 1959 Jason Alexander, American actor, director and producer * 1959 Elizabeth Peña, American actress (d. 2014) * 1961 William McCool, American astronaut (d. 2003) * 1962 Deborah Orr, Scottish journalist * 1963 Alex Proyas, Australian director and producer * 1964 Clayton Blackmore, Welsh footballer * 1964 Larry Krystkowiak, American basketball player * 1965 Aleqa Hammond, former Prime Minister of Greenland * 1967 Masashi Nakayama, Japanese footballer * 1968 Yvette Fielding, British actress and producer * 1968 Adam Price, Welsh politician * 1968 Erik Weihenmayer, American athlete, adventurer and author * 1970 Lucia Ciffarelli, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1970 Ani DiFranco, American singer * 1971 Sean Spicer, former White House Press Secretary * 1972 Karl Pilkington, English radio personality * 1973 Jermaine Dupri, American hip hop musician * 1973 Toshihiro Hattori, Japanese footballer * 1973 Artim Sakiri, Macedonian footballer * 1974 Matt Hardy, American professional wrestler * 1975 Chris Hawkins, English journalist === From 1976 === * 1976 Homaro Cantu, American chef and inventor (d. 2015) * 1977 Rachael Yamagata, American singer * 1977 Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese singer (d. 2008) * 1979 Ricky Davis, American basketball player * 1979 Fábio Simplício, Brazilian footballer * 1981 Natalie Horler, German singer (Cascada) * 1981 Helen Richardson-Walsh, English field hockey player * 1983 Leinier Dominguez, Cuban chess player * 1984 Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-American actress * 1984 Kate French, American actress * 1985 Hossein Kaebi, Iranian footballer * 1986 Maki Goto, Japanese singer- songwriter and actress * 1986 Martin Cranie, English footballer * 1986 Gina- Lisa Lohfink, German model and television personality * 1987 Skylar Astin, American actor and singer * 1987 Yu Kobayashi, Japanese footballer * 1988 Juan Martín del Potro, Argentine tennis player * 1988 Shannon Chan-Kent, Canadian actress and singer * 1989 Brandon Jennings, American basketball player * 1991 Lee Alexander, Scottish footballer * 1991 Key, South Korean singer and actor * 1991 Melanie Oudin, American tennis player * 1992 Finn Russell, Scottish rugby union player * 1994 Yerry Mina, Colombian footballer * 1996 Lee Hi, South Korean singer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 76 Pope Linus * 1241 Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian and poet (b. 1179) * 1386 Dan I of Wallachia (b. 1354) * 1390 John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346) * 1535 Catherine of Saxe- Lauenberg (b. 1513) * 1657 Joachim Jung, German philosopher and mathematician (b. 1587) * 1738 Herman Boerhaeve, Dutch humanist and physician (b. 1668) * 1773 Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and naturalist (b. 1718) * 1789 John Rogers, American Congressman (b. 1723) * 1816 Alessandro Verri, Italian writer (b. 1741) * 1830 Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (b. 1768) * 1835 Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801) * 1836 Maria Malibran, French mezzo soprano (b. 1808) * 1844 Alexander von Benckendorff, Russian general and statesman (b. 1783) * 1850 José Artigas, Uruguayan national hero (b. 1764) * 1870 Prosper Mérimée, French writer (b. 1803) * 1877 Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician (b. 1811) * 1882 Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (b. 1800) * 1889 Wilkie Collins, English author and playwright (b. 1824) * 1896 Ivar Aasen, Norwegian poet and linguist (b. 1813) === 1901 2000 === * 1917 Werner Voss, German World War I pilot (b. 1897) * 1929 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian chemist (b. 1865) * 1939 Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychologist (b. 1856) * 1943 Salvo D'Acquisto, Italian military officer (b. 1920) * 1943 Ernst Trygger, Swedish politician (b. 1857) * 1944 Jakob Schaffner, Swiss author (b. 1875) * 1950 Sam Barry, American basketball player and coach (b. 1892) * 1968 Padre Pio, Italian priest (b. 1887) * 1970 Bourvil, French actor (b. 1917) * 1971 Billy Gilbert, American actor (b. 1894) * 1971 James Waddell Alexander II, American mathematician (b. 1888) * 1973 Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet (b. 1904) * 1973 A. S. Neill, Scottish educator (b. 1883) * 1974 Cliff Arquette, American actor (b. 1905) * 1987 Bob Fosse, American choreographer (b. 1927) * 1988 Tibor Sekelj, Yugoslavian explorer (b. 1912) * 1992 James Van Fleet, American general (b. 1892) * 1994 Jerry Barber, American golfer (b. 1916) * 1994 Robert Bloch, American writer (b. 1917) * 1994 Madeleine Renaud, French actress (b. 1900) * 1998 Ray Bowden, English footballer (b. 1909) * 1999 Ivan Goff, Australian-American screenwriter and producer (b. 1910) === From 2001 === * 2003 Shawn Lane, American musician (b. 1963) * 2006 Malcolm Arnold, British composer (b. 1921) * 2006 Etta Baker, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1913) * 2006 Tim Rooney, American actor (b. 1947) * 2009 Ertugrul Osman, head of the Ottoman dynasty (b. 1912) * 2012 Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (b. 1966) * 2012 Pavel Grachev, Russian general (b. 1948) * 2013 Vlatko Markovic, Croatian footballer (b. 1937) * 2014 Al Suomi, American ice hockey player (b. 1913) * 2014 Gilles Latulippe, Canadian comedian, actor and theatre manager (b. 1937) * 2014 Henryk Glücklich, Polish speedway rider (b. 1945) * 2015 Mike Gibson, Australian sports journalist and broadcaster (b. 1940) * 2015 Dragan Holcer, Croatian footballer (b. 1945) * 2015 Denis Sonet, French priest (b. 1926) * 2017 Charles Bradley, American singer (b. 1948) * 2017 Elizabeth D. Phillips, American educator and academic administrator (b. 1945) * 2017 Samuel H. Young, American politician (b. 1922) * 2018 Charles K. Kao, Chinese-born electrical engineer (b. 1933) * 2018 Gary Kurtz, American film producer (b. 1940) * 2019 Al Alvarez, English poet and writer (b. 1929) * 2019 Madhav Apte, Indian cricketer (b. 1932) * 2019 Elaine Feinstein, English poet and novelist (b. 1930) * 2019 Robert Hunter, American songwriter, poet and guitarist (b. 1941) * 2019 Curt Wittlin, Swiss philologist (b. 1941) == Observances == * Feast of Saint Pio * Celebrate Bisexuality Day * National holiday of Saudi Arabia * September Equinox in some years (Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, and Spring in the Southern Hemisphere) Category:Days of the year