Title: September 21 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1217 Livonian Crusade: Estonian tribal leader Lembitu and Livonian tribal leader Kaupo are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day. * 1327 After rejecting the throne, King Edward II of England is murdered in Berkeley, Gloucester. * 1435 An agreement between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good ends the partnership between the English and Burgundy in the Hundred Years' War. * 1745 A Hanoverian army is defeated at the Battle of Prestonpans by the Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart. * 1776 Parts of New York City are burned shortly after being occupied by British forces. * 1780 Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point. * 1792 The National Convention in France abolishes the monarchy. * 1843 John Williams Wilson takes control of the Strait of Magellan, representing the newly independent Chilean government. * 1846 Mexican-American War: The Battle of Monterrey begins. * 1860 In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao. * 1896 A British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola, Sudan. * 1898 Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China. === 1901 2000 === * 1921 A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 561 people. * 1934 A large typhoon hits western Honshu, Japan, killing 3,036 people. * 1937 J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published. * 1938 The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island, killing between 500 and 700 people. * 1939 Romanian Prime Minister Armand Calinescu is killed by ultranationalist members of the Iron Guard. * 1942 In Dunaivtski, Ukraine, the Nazis murder 2,588 Jews. * 1949 The People's Republic of China established in Beijing. * 1960 The Flag of Panama is flown next to the Flag of the United States at the Panama Canal for the first time. * 1961 First flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter. * 1964 Malta becomes independent. * 1965 Gambia, the Maldives and Singapore join the UN. * 1971 Bahrain, Bhutan and Qatar join the UN. * 1972 Ferdinand Marcos declares Martial Law in the Philippines. * 1976 The Seychelles join the UN. * 1981 Belize is granted independence from the United Kingdom. * 1984 Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the United States Senate to become the first female Justice on the United States Supreme Court. * 1984 Brunei joins the UN. * 1989 Hurricane Hugo hits the US state of South Carolina. * 1991 Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union. * 1993 The Russian Constitutional Crisis of 1993 begins, as President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and scraps the then-functioning constitution. * 1993 A Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft is shot down by Abkhazian separatists near Sokhumi, Georgia. * 1999 An earthquake in Taiwan leaves 2,400 people dead. === From 2001 === * 2001 31 people are killed in a chemical explosion in Toulouse, France. * 2003 The Galileo mission is ended by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes. * 2004 In Dubai, building work begins on what would become the Burj Khalifa. It was opened on January 4, 2010 as the world's tallest building, at a height of 828 metres. * 2013 Westgate shopping mall shooting: A shooting attack on a shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, kills at least 68 people, and many people are taken hostage. Somali militant group Al-Shabaab claims responsibility. * 2013 An attack at a funeral in Sadr City, Iraq, kills at least 60 people. * 2016 A boat estimated to be carrying hundreds of people sinks off Alexandria, Egypt, and is believed to have killed most of those on board. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 1051 Bertha of Savoy, German queen and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1087) * 1154 Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon (d. 1208) * 1328 Hongwu, Emperor of China (d. 1398) * 1371 Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1440) * 1411 Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, pretender to the English throne (d. 1460) * 1415 Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1493) * 1428 Jingtai, Emperor of China (d. 1457) * 1452 Girolamo Savonarola, Italian philosopher and priest (d. 1498) * 1457 Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria (d. 1502) * 1559 Cigoli, Florentine painter, architect and sculptor (d. 1613) * 1629 Philip Howard, English cardinal (d. 1594) * 1640 Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1701) * 1645 Louis Jolliet, French-Canadian explorer (d. 1700) * 1705 Dick Turpin, English outlaw (d. 1739) * 1706 Polyxena of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1735) * 1752 Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, wife of Charles Eduard Stuart (d. 1824) * 1756 John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer and road builder (d. 1836) * 1757 James Jackson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1806) * 1758 Christopher Gore, 8th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1827) * 1760 Ivan Dimitriev, Russian statesman (d. 1837) * 1788 Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (d. 1852) * 1791 Istvan Szechenyi, Hungarian entrepreneur and state reformer (d. 1860) * 1792 Johann Peter Eckermann, German poet (d. 1854) === 1801 1900 === * 1801 Moritz Hermann von Jacobi, German-Russian physicist and engineer (d. 1874) * 1817 John Allan Broun, Scottish scientist (d. 1879) * 1819 Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France (d. 1864) * 1840 Murad V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1904) * 1842 Abd-ul-Hamid, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918) * 1845 Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (d. 1923) * 1846 Mihaly Kolossa, Hungarian-Slovenian writer (d. 1906) * 1849 Maurice Barrymore, Indian-American actor (d. 1905) * 1853 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 (d. 1926) * 1859 Francesc Macia i Llussa, Catalan army officer and politician (d. 1933) * 1863 John Bunny, American movie comedian (d. 1915) * 1864 Elena Vacarescu, Romanian writer (d. 1947) * 1866 H. G. Wells, English writer (d. 1946) * 1866 Charles Nicolle, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 (d. 1936) * 1867 Henry L. Stimson, American politician (d. 1950) * 1869 Carlo Airoldi, Italian marathon runner (d. 1929) * 1872 Henry Tingle Wilde, British chief officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1912) * 1873 Papa Jack Laine, American musician (d. 1966) * 1874 Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934) * 1890 Max Immelmann, German fighter pilot (d. 1918) * 1896 Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian (d. 2011) * 1899 Frederick Coutts, 8th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1986) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet (d. 1963) * 1902 E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British ethnologist (d. 1973) * 1902 Toyen, Czech painter (d. 1980) * 1909 Kwame Nkrumah, 1st President of Ghana (d. 1972) * 1912 Chuck Jones, American animator (d. 2002) * 1912 Gyorgy Sandor, Hungarian pianist (d. 2005) * 1916 Françoise Giroud, French feminist journalist and writer (d. 2003) * 1918 John Gofman, American scientist (d. 2007) * 1919 Mario Bunge, Argentine philosopher and physicist * 1924 Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1957) * 1926 Donald A. Glaser, American physicist (d. 2013) * 1926 Don Dunstan, 35th Premier of South Australia (d. 1999) * 1926 Noor Jehan, Pakistani singer and actress (d. 2000) * 1928 Edouard Glissant, French writer (d. 2011) * 1929 Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (d. 1979) * 1929 Bernard Williams, English philosopher (d. 2003) * 1931 Larry Hagman, American actor (d. 2012) * 1932 Don Preston, American musician and movie score composer * 1932 Shirley Conran, English journalist and writer * 1934 Leonard Cohen, Canadian singer, musician, poet and writer (d. 2016) * 1934 David J. Thouless, Scottish-American physicist (d. 2019) * 1935 Jimmy Armfield, English footballer (d. 2018) * 1936 Sunny Murray, American jazz drummer (d. 2017) * 1936 Yury Luzhkov, Russian politician, former Mayor of Moscow * 1939 Agnivesh, Indian activist and politician * 1940 Rick May, Canadian-American actor and voice actor (d. 2020) * 1941 R. James Woolsey, Jr., American 16th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency * 1944 Fannie Flagg, American actress, comedienne and author * 1944 Steve Beshear, American politician, Governor of Kentucky * 1945 Bjarni Tryggvason, Iceland-born Canadian engineer and astronaut * 1945 Jerry Bruckheimer, American movie and television producer * 1945 Shaw Clifton, 18th General of the Salvation Army * 1946 Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councillor * 1946 Mart Siimann, former Prime Minister of Estonia * 1947 Stephen King, American writer * 1947 Don Felder, American rock music guitarist * 1947 Nick Castle, American actor * 1947 Ed Nimmervoll, Austrian-Australian rock musician, journalist, author and historian (d. 2014) * 1947 Keith Harris, English ventriloquist (d. 2015) * 1947 Rói Patursson, Faroese writer and philosopher * 1949 Odilo Scherer, Brazilian cardinal * 1950 Charles Clarke, British politician * 1950 Bill Murray, American actor === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Bruce Arena, American soccer coach * 1951 Aslan Maskhadov, President of Chechnya (d. 2005) * 1952 Anneliese Michel, German exorcism victim (d. 1976) * 1953 Reinhard Marx, German archbishop and cardinal * 1954 Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2022) * 1954 Phil Taylor, British musician (Motorhead) (d. 2015) * 1955 Richard Hieb, American astronaut * 1955 Mika Kaurismaki, Finnish director * 1957 Ethan Coen, American movie director * 1957 Sidney Moncrief, American basketball player * 1957 Kevin Rudd, 26th Prime Minister of Australia * 1958 Rick Mahorn, American basketball player * 1959 Crin Antonescu, Romanian politician * 1959 Dave Coullier, American actor * 1961 Nancy Travis, American actress * 1961 Dan Borislow, American entrepreneur, sports team owner and inventor (d. 2014) * 1962 Rob Morrow, American actor * 1963 Curtly Ambrose, Antiguan-Barbudan cricketer * 1964 Carlos Aguilera, Uruguayan footballer * 1965 Cheryl Hines, American actress * 1965 David Wenham, Australian actor * 1967 Faith Hill, American singer * 1967 Suman Pokhrel, Nepalese poet * 1967 Tyler Stewart, Canadian drummer (Barenaked Ladies) * 1968 Ricki Lake, American actress and talk show hostess * 1970 Rob Benedict, American actor * 1970 Samantha Power, Irish-born 28th United States Ambassador to the United Nations * 1971 Alfonso Ribeiro, American actor * 1971 Luke Wilson, American actor * 1972 David Silveria, American musician * 1972 Liam Gallagher, English singer (Oasis) * 1973 Oswaldo Sánchez, Mexican footballer * 1974 Henning Fritz, German handball player * 1975 Ronny Deila, Norwegian football manager === From 1976 === * 1978 Doug Howlett, New Zealand rugby player * 1978 Mario Miranda, Brazilian mixed martial artist * 1979 Chris Gayle, Jamaican cricketer * 1979 Richard Dunne, Irish footballer * 1979 James Allan, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1980 Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress * 1980 Autumn Reeser, American actress * 1980 Tomas Scheckter, South African racing driver * 1980 Nyree Kindred, Welsh swimmer * 1981 Rimi Sen, Indian actress * 1981 Nicole Richie, American socialite * 1982 Marat Izmailov, Russian footballer * 1983 Anna Meares, Australian cyclist * 1983 Fernando Cavenaghi, Argentine footballer * 1983 Maggie Grace, American actress * 1983 Greg Jennings, American football player * 1987 Ryan Guzman, American actor * 1987 Ashley Paris, American basketball player * 1987 Courtney Paris, American basketball player * 1988 Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Pakistani politician * 1989 Jason Derulo, American singer * 1989 Emma Watkins, Australian musician (The Wiggles) * 1990 Al-Farouq Aminu, Nigerian- American basketball player * 1990 Christian Serratos, American actress * 1990 Allison Scagliotti, American actress * 1992 Chen, South Korean singer * 1994 Ben Proud, English swimmer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 19 BC Virgil, Roman poet (b. 70 BC) * 454 Flavius Aetius, Roman general (b. 396) * 687 Pope Conon (b. 630) * 1217 Lembitu, Estonian tribal leader * 1217 Kaupo, Livonian tribal leader * 1327 King Edward II of England (b. 1284) * 1558 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500) * 1576 Gerolamo Cardano, Italian doctor, philosopher and mathematician (b. 1501) * 1643 Huang Taiji, Chinese Emperor (b. 1592) * 1743 Jai Singh II, Indian King (b. 1688) * 1798 George Read, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1733) * 1810 Mir Taqi Mir, Urdu poet (b. 1723) * 1832 Walter Scott, Scottish writer (b. 1771) * 1852 William Badger, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1779) * 1860 Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (b. 1788) * 1880 Manuel Montt, 6th President of Chile (b. 1809) * 1895 Viktor Rydberg, Swedish writer (b. 1828) === 1901 2000 === * 1904 Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader (b. 1840) * 1906 Samuel Arnold, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838) * 1926 Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer (b. 1857) * 1929 Nathaniel Edwin Harris, American politician (b. 1846) * 1933 Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese author and poet (b. 1896) * 1939 Armand Calinescu, Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1893) * 1943 Kingsley Wood, British politician (b. 1881) * 1947 Harry Carey, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1846) * 1953 Necmettin Sadak, Turkish politician (b. 1890) * 1954 Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese inventor (b. 1858) * 1957 Haakon VII, King of Norway (b. 1872) * 1963 Paulino Masip, Spanish author, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1899) * 1966 Paul Reynaud, Prime Minister of France (b. 1878) * 1971 Bernardo Houssay, Argentinian doctor, won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1887) * 1974 Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894) * 1976 Orlando Letelier, Chilean economist, politician and diplomat (b. 1932) * 1982 Hovhannes Bagramyan, Soviet general (b. 1897) * 1985 Gu Long, Chinese author and screenwriter (b. 1937) * 1987 Jaco Pastorius, American musician (b. 1951) * 1990 Takis Kanellopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (b. 1933) * 1995 Rudy Perpich, American politician (b. 1928) * 1997 Jennifer Holt, American actress (b. 1920) * 1998 Florence Griffith-Joyner, American athlete (b. 1959) === From 2001 === * 2007 Hallgeir Brenden, Norwegian skier (b. 1929) * 2011 Paulette Dubost, French actress (b. 1910) * 2011 Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate (b. 1968) * 2012 Henry Bauchau, Belgian psychoanalyst and author (b. 1913) * 2012 Sven Hassel, Danish-German soldier and author (b. 1917) * 2012 Michael Rye, American actor (b. 1918) * 2014 Linda Griffiths, Canadian actress and playwright (b. 1953) * 2014 Caldwell Jones, American basketball player (b. 1950) * 2014 Cecilia Cenci, Argentine actress (b. 1942) * 2014 Frieda Szwillus, German supercentenarian (b. 1902) * 2014 Mike Harari, Israeli intelligence officer (b. 1927) * 2015 Armen Movsisyan, Armenian politician (b. 1962) * 2015 Yoram Gross, Polish-born Australian animation producer and director (b. 1926) * 2017 Liliane Bettencourt, French businesswoman, socialite and heiress (b. 1922) * 2017 William G. Stewart, British game show host (b. 1933) * 2018 Vitaliy Masol, former Prime minister of Ukraine (b. 1928) * 2018 Tran Dai Quang, President of Vietnam (b. 1956) * 2019 Aron Eisenberg, American actor (b. 1969) * 2019 Sid Haig, American actor (b. 1939) * 2019 Sigmund Jaehn, German cosmonaut (b. 1937) * 2019 Günter Kunert, German writer (b. 1929) * 2019 Carl Ruiz, American chef and television personality (b. 1975) * 2019 Jevan Snead, American football player (b. 1987) * 2019 Woo Hye-mi, South Korean pop singer (b. 1988) == Observances == * Independence Day (Belize and Malta) * International Day of Peace * Spring Day in some South American countries