Title: Designer drug Content: Designer drugs are legal drugs that are made and sold to have the same effects as illegal drugs. These drugs are chemicals that change the way a person acts and feels. The government does not regulate designer drugs and this makes them dangerous to use.Buchanan JF, Brown CR (1988). "Designer drugs. A problem in clinical toxicology". Medical Toxicology and Adverse Drug Experience 3 (1): 1–17. PMID 3285124. ==History== Designer drugs were first sold in the United States around 1925. They were made because a lot of popular drugs were no longer allowed to be used. The government passed a law making drugs like morphine and heroin illegal, causing people to find new drugs."Esters of Morphine". UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics (2): 36–38. 1953. Ecstasy is another drug example. It was legal and used for psychotherapy until 1985 when it was banned.National Institute on Drug Abuse. "A Brief History of MDMA." http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/mdma-ecstasy- abuse/brief-history-mdma Since 2005, there are many more drugs like these being developed. Now there are designer drugs for several alternative drug groups. These drugs have a lot of different effects and people choose each one for different reasons.Reepmeyer, JC; Woodruff, JT; d'Avignon, DA (2007). "Structure elucidation of a novel analogue of sildenafil detected as an adulterant in an herbal dietary supplement". Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 43 (5): 1615–21. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.037. PMID 17207601. ==Effects== There are different ways that these drugs affect the body. The user can smoke (breathe in), inject, sniff (breathe in the solid), or ingest (eat) the drugs.Genetic Science Learning Center. "Drug Delivery Methods." Learn.Genetics 4 November 2012 Once they are inside and in the bloodstream the drug changes the way chemicals are sent throughout the brain. By changing the messages sent, the brain will respond in a way specific to each drug. Some drugs and their effect will be felt in minutes and only last for a few hours. Other drugs will be felt in around an hour and then their effects can last up to several days. The amount of the drug taken can also change how strongly the user reacts to it.Borek HA, Holstege CP. Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of “bath salts” containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 July;60(1):103-105. Too much of the drug can lead to drug tolerance. Drug tolerance is when the user has taken the drug for a long time and can no longer get the same effect from only taking a small amount of the drug. This will cause the person to take more of the drug to have the same effect.Kasick DP, McKnight CA, Klisovic E. "Bath salt" ingestion leading to severe intoxication delirium: two cases and a brief review of the emergence of mephedrone use. Am J Drug Alcohol Ab. 2012;38:176-180. Doing this will eventually lead to an overdose. Designer drugs can be highly addictive so it can be hard to stop taking them in dangerous amounts. ==Types== Other names for designer drugs are "bath salts" or "plant food." The real chemicals in these drugs are mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV).Reed, Jim (13 January 2010). "Clubbers are 'turning to new legal high mephedrone'". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-07-04. By writing "Not for human consumption (eating/drinking)" on the bags sellers are able to find a way around selling them online and in stores.Penders TM, Gestring RE, Vilensky DA. Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts). Gen Hosp Psychiat. 2012 August 12. Using labels like this help companies get around the Federal Analog Act which makes it illegal to sell drugs like these for human use. Different types of these drugs include opioids, psychedelics, dissociatives, piperazine-based, entactogens, stimulants, sedatives, cannabinoids, and anabolic steroids. Not all of these drugs are sold as bath salts or designer drugs, but they can be. Sometimes these types of drugs can be used legally or as more serious illegal drugs.