Title: Pink tide Content: The pink tide (, , ), or the turn to the left (, , ), was a political wave and influence of left-wing governments in Latin American with a second pink tide starting in the late 2010s. ==Background== The pink tide showed some countries moving away from the neoliberal economic model at the start of the 21st century. During this wave, many Latin and South American countries supported economic progressive or social progressive policies. ===Decline=== The pink tide was followed by the conservative wave, a political wave that began in the early 2010s as a direct reaction to the pink tide, in which many pink tide countries later elected conservative presidents. Some saw the death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez with the rise of this replacement Nicolas Maduro, the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, the election of Mauricio Macri as President of Argentina and Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa's retirement as key reasons for the pink tide's decline and the rise of the conservative wave. ===Second pink tide=== A second pink tide has been seen in the late 2010s to early 2020s as there was a rise in left-wing politicians being elected presidents. It was first seen in Mexico in 2018 and Argentina in 2019. Other left-wing victories were later seen in Bolivia in 2020, along with Peru in 2021, Honduras in 2021, Chile in 2021, Colombia in 2022, and Brazil in 2022. Many violent protests against austerity laws and income inequality, starting in 2019 such as with the 2019–20 Chilean protests, 2019–2020 Colombian protests, 2019 Ecuadorian protests, and the 2021 Colombian protests, are seen as key factors for the pink tide's return. ==Pink tide leaders== These are the left-wing and centre-left presidents who were elected during the pink tide in Latin America since 1999. Centre-left presidents have a * next to them. File:Presidente Nestor Kirchner (cropped).jpg| Néstor Kirchner 2003–2007 File:Cfksenado2021 (cropped).jpg| Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 2007–2015 File:Mensaje de fin de año del Presidente Alberto Fernández (cropped).jpg| Alberto Fernández * 2019–present File:Evo Morales Ayma (cropped 3).jpg| Evo Morales 2006–2019 File:Luis Alberto Arce Catacora (Official Portrait, 2020) Cropped I.png| Luis Arce 2020–present File:Foto oficial de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2023–2027).jpg| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva * 2003–2010 2023–present File:Dilma Rousseff - foto oficial 2011-01-09.jpg| Dilma Rousseff * 2011–2016 File:Ricardo Lagos (45777830295) (cropped).jpg| Ricardo Lagos * 2000–2006 File:Portrait Michelle Bachelet.jpg| Michelle Bachelet * 2006–2010 2014–2018 File:Retrato Oficial Presidente Boric Font.jpg| Gabriel Boric 2022–present File:Viaje oficial de Pedro Sánchez por América Latina Colombia (1) (cropped).jpg| Gustavo Petro 2022–present File:Rafael Correa in France (cropped).jpg| Rafael Correa 2007–2017 File:Presidente del Ecuador, Lenín Moreno Garcés 5 (41059887005) (cropped).jpg| Lenín Moreno 2017–2021 File:Mauricio Funes (Brasilia, May 2008).jpg| Mauricio Funes * 2009–2014 File:Cadena 12 (34186610605) cropped.jpg| Salvador Sánchez Cerén 2014–2019 File:Alvaro Colom Caballeros with Obamas (cropped).jpg| Álvaro Colom * 2008–2012 File:Zelaya en Brasil Agosto 2009.jpg| Manuel Zelaya 2006–2009 File:Xiomara Castro 2022 (cropped).jpg| Xiomara Castro 2022–present File:Reunión con el presidente electo y equipos de trabajo 6 (cropped).jpg| Andrés Manuel López Obrador * 2018–present File:Daniel Ortega 2014 (cropped).jpg| Daniel Ortega 2007–present File:Panama.MartinTorrijos.01.jpg| Martín Torrijos * 2004–2009 File:Laurentino Cortizo (cropped).jpg| Laurentino Cortizo * 2019–present File:Fernando-Lugo--w.jpg| Fernando Lugo * 2008–2012 File:Ollanta Humala Tasso.jpg| Ollanta Humala * 2011–2016 File:Pedro Castillo EU.jpg| Pedro Castillo 2021–present File:Visita Oficial del Presidente de Uruguay 2 (cropped).jpg| Tabaré Vázquez * 2005–2010 2015–2020 File:Mujica.jpg| José Mujica * 2010–2015 File:Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías.jpeg| Hugo Chávez 1999–2013 File:Nicolás Maduro (2019-10-25) 02.jpg| Nicolás Maduro‡ 2013–present ==Related pages== * Conservative wave