Title: August 14 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 29 BC Octavian celebrates the second of his three consecutive triumphs in Rome after his victory over the Dalmatians. * 1040 Macbeth kills King Duncan I of Scotland, and crowns himself King of Scotland. * 1352 War of the Breton Succession: The Anglo-Britons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron. * 1385 The Battle of Aljubarrota is fought, in which forces of King John I of Portugal defeat those of King John I of Castile. * 1415 Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Battle of Ceuta. * 1502 Christopher Columbus lands in present-day Honduras; this is the first time he sets foot on the mainland of the Americas. * 1592 Imjin War: Battle of Hansan Island - Admiral Yi Sun-sin decisively defeats the Japanese Navy at Hansan Island. * 1762 English forces take Havana, Cuba during the Seven Years' War. * 1816 The United Kingdom annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the South Atlantic. * 1842 Seminole Native Americans are forced from Florida to Oklahoma. * 1848 The Oregon territory is created by an act of the United States Congress. * 1880 After taking more than 600 years, the construction of Cologne Cathedral is completed. * 1885 Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of rust-proof paint. * 1888 Danish passenger steamer Geiser sinks off Sable Island after a collision with a ship of the same shipping line, killing 118 people. * 1893 France introduces motor vehicle registration. * 1900 The Eight-Nation Alliance occupy Beijing, China, in an attempt to end of the Boxer Rebellion. === 1901 2000 === * 1912 US marines land in Nicaragua to support the US-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya had resigned three years earlier. * 1914 The Big Hole Diamond mine in South Africa is closed. * 1916 World War I: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary. * 1917 World War I: China declares war on Germany. * 1921 Tannu Uriankhai, later the Tuvan People's Republic, is established as a completely independent country, supported by Soviet Russia. * 1933 Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later becoming known as the forest fire of Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5. * 1935 The Social Security Act creates a government pension for retired people in the United States. * 1936 Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, in the last public execution in the United States. * 1941 World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of War, stating postwar aims. * 1945 World War II: Japan accepts Allied terms of surrender and the Emperor, Hirohito, records the Imperial Rescription surrender. * 1945 Philippe Pétain, leader of Vichy France, is sentenced to death. * 1947 Partition of India: Pakistan, a new Islamic state, becomes independent from the United Kingdom, and consists of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). * 1958 A propeller plane operated by the Dutch airline KLM crashes into the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland. * 1959 The American Football League is founded. * 1969 Operation Banner: British troops are deployed to Northern Ireland. * 1971 Bahrain declares its independence. * 1972 A plane crash, of an Ilyushin II-62, in East Berlin kills 156 people. * 1973 The Pakistan Constitution of 1973 goes into effect. * 1974 The Second Turkish invasion of Cyprus begins. 140,000 to 200,000 Greek Cypriots become refugees. 6,000 are killed and 1,619 are missing. * 1980 The Gdansk shipyard strike in Poland occurs, as an uprising against Communist rule, and leads to the foundation of the Solidarity movement led by Lech Walesa. * 1992 Georgian troops enter Abkhazia, which had declared independence. * 1994 Venezuelan terrorist Carlos the Jackal is arrested. === From 2001 === * 2003 A wide scale power blackout affects parts of Canada and the northeastern United States. * 2005 Helios Airways Flight 522, travelling from Larnaca in Cyprus, crashes near Grammatiko in Greece, killing all 121 people on board, after the air conditioner fails. * 2006 Chencholai bombing: 61 Tamil girls are killed in a bombing by the Sri Lankan Air Force. * 2007 Bomb attacks across Northern Iraq kill a total of 796 people. 1,500 are injured. * 2010 The first ever Summer Youth Olympic Games begin in Singapore. 3,531 athletes aged 14 to 18, from 204 National Olympic Committees take part. * 2013 Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators who support the ousted President Mohamed Morsi. * 2013 The England national football team and Scotland national football team play each other for the first time since 1999 in the oldest international football fixture. England wins a closely fought match 3-2. * 2015 The United States re-opens its Embassy in Havana, Cuba, 54 years after the countries initially broke diplomatic ties. * 2017 Heavy rain and mudslides kill hundreds of people in Freetown, Sierra Leone. * 2018 Part of the Morandi motorway Bridge in Genoa, Liguria, Italy, collapses, killing 43 people. * 2019 With support on board, Swedish climate change activist Greta Thunberg starts sailing across the Atlantic Ocean from Plymouth, Devon, England to New York City to take part in a climate change summit. * 2021 2021 Haiti earthquake of M 7.2 occurs in Haiti. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1297 Emperor Hanazano of Japan (d. 1348) * 1337 King Robert III of Scotland (d. 1406) * 1473 Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1541) * 1479 Princess Catherine of York (d. 1527) * 1552 Paolo Sarpi, Italian church reformer and historian (d. 1623) * 1642 Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723) * 1688 Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740) * 1714 Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789) * 1727 Princess Marie Louise Elisabeth of France (d. 1759) * 1727 Princess Anne Henriette of France (d. 1752) * 1734 Thomas Sumter, American general and politician (d. 1832) * 1738 Leopold Hofmann, Austrian composer (d. 1793) * 1740 Pope Pius VII (d. 1823) * 1758 Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, French painter (d. 1835) * 1773 Jean-Baptiste de Villele, French statesman (d. 1854) * 1777 Hans Christian Orsted, Danish physicist (d. 1851) * 1777 Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830) * 1802 Fabio Maria Asquini, Italian cardinal (d. 1878) * 1814 Adolph Tidemand, Norwegian painter (d. 1876) * 1818 François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, French admiral (d. 1900) * 1819 Agenor, duc de Gramont, French diplomat (d. 1880) * 1840 Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902) * 1847 Robert Comtesse, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1922) * 1848 Margaret Lindsay Hughes, Irish-English astronomer (d. 1915) * 1851 Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887) * 1857 Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922) * 1862 Prince Henry of Croatia (d. 1929) * 1863 Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940) * 1865 Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952) * 1866 Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (d. 1962) * 1867 John Galsworthy, English writer (d. 1933) * 1867 Cupid Childs, American baseball player (d. 1912) * 1871 Quangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908) * 1874 Georgios Kondylis, Greek politician (d. 1936) * 1876 Alexander Obrenovich, King of Serbia (d. 1903) * 1876 Sibilla Aleramo, Italian writer and poet (d. 1960) * 1878 Georgios Kondylis, Greek general and Prime Minister (d. 1936) * 1880 Fred Alexander, American tennis player (d. 1969) * 1881 Francis Ford, American actor (d. 1953) * 1882 Gisela Richter, British-born art historian (d. 1972) * 1883 Gwendoline Eastlake-Smith, English tennis player (d. 1941) * 1887 Marija Leiko, Latvian actress (d. 1937) * 1889 Willi Münzenberg, German Communist, publisher and movie producer (d. 1940) * 1892 Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English pianist and composer (d. 1988) * 1895 Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1973) * 1899 Alma Reville, British actress and screenwriter (d. 1982) * 1899 Evelyn Kozak, American supercentenarian (d. 2013) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Franz Konwitschny, German conductor (d. 1962) * 1910 Willy Ronis, French photographer (d. 2009) * 1910 Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995) * 1911 Jaime Rodriguez, Chilean footballer (d. 2003) * 1912 Frank Oppenheimer, American particle physicist (d. 1985) * 1914 Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2000) * 1916 Fumio Fujimura, Japanese baseball player (d. 1992) * 1921 Julia Hartwig, Polish writer and translator (d. 2017) * 1921 Sidney Rittenberg, American linguist (d. 2019) * 1923 Kuldip Nayar, Indian journalist (d. 2018) * 1924 Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect (d. 2009) * 1924 Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor (d. 2013) * 1924 Georges Pretre, French conductor (d. 2017) * 1925 Russell Baker, columnist * 1926 René Goscinny, French comic-strip writer (d. 1977) * 1928 Lina Wertmüller, Italian director * 1929 Giacomo Capuzzi, Italian bishop * 1929 Thomas Meehan, American playwright (d. 2017) * 1930 Liz Fraser, English actress (d. 2018) * 1930 Earl Weaver, American Baseball Hall of Fame manager (d. 2013) * 1931 Frederick Raphael, American screenwriter, biographer, novelist and journalist * 1932 James V. Hansen, American politician (d. 2018) * 1933 Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist * 1935 John Brodie, American football player * 1936 Trevor Bannister, English actor (d. 2011) * 1940 Dash Crofts, musician * 1940 Aristides Royo, 36th President of Panama * 1940 Arthur Laffer, American economist * 1941 David Crosby, American guitarist, songwriter * 1941 Lynne Cheney, American political figure, former Second Lady of the United States * 1942 Molefi Kete Asante, American author * 1943 Jimmy Johnson, American football player and broadcaster * 1945 Steve Martin, American comedian and actor * 1945 Wim Wenders, German director * 1946 Antonio Fargas, actor * 1946 Susan Saint James, actress * 1946 Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish racing driver (d. 2010) * 1947 Danielle Steel, American novelist * 1949 Morten Olsen, Danish footballer and coach * 1950 Gary Larson, American cartoonist * 1950 Bob Backlund, American professional wrestler === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Carl Lumbly, actor * 1952 Debbie Meyer, swimmer * 1953 James Horner, American Academy Award-winning composer (d. 2015) * 1954 Mark Fidrych, American baseball player * 1954 Stanley McChrystal, American general * 1954 Christian Gross, Swiss football coach * 1955 Gillian Taylforth, English actress * 1956 Rusty Wallace, American race car driver * 1957 Peter Costello, Australian politician * 1959 Marcia Gay Harden, Academy Award-winning actress * 1959 Magic Johnson, American basketball player * 1960 Sarah Brightman, British singer * 1961 Susan Olsen, actress * 1961 Satoshi Tsunami, Japanese footballer * 1962 Rameez Raja, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster * 1964 Brannon Braga, American writer and director * 1965 Emmanuelle Béart, French actress * 1965 Mark Francois, English politician * 1966 Halle Berry, American Academy Award-winning actress * 1968 Darren Clarke, Northern Irish golfer * 1968 Adrian Lester, English actor * 1971 Pramodya Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan cricketer * 1972 Laurent Lamothe, Haitian politician * 1972 Giuseppe Mazzarelli, Swiss footballer * 1973 Daisuke Ishiwatari, Japanese game developer and composer * 1973 Rana Faheem Aslam, Pakistani journalist * 1973 Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer * 1973 Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer * 1973 Chucky Atkins, American basketball player * 1974 Ana Matronic, American singer (Scissor Sisters) * 1974 Martin Bulloch, Scottish drummer (Mogwai) === From 1976 === * 1976 Alex Albrecht, co-host of The Screen Savers * 1977 Juan Pierre, American baseball player * 1977 Philip Stamper, American pro wrestler, actor * 1978 Anastasios Kyriakos, Greek footballer * 1981 Matthew Etherington, English footballer * 1982 Simon Andrews, English motorcycle racer (d. 2014) * 1983 Mila Kunis, Ukrainian-American television actress * 1983 Heiko Westermann, German footballer * 1983 Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-born British tennis player (d. 2014) * 1983 Lu Yen-hsun, Taiwanese tennis player * 1984 Carl Valeri, Australian footballer * 1984 Nick Grimshaw, British radio DJ and television presenter * 1984 Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player * 1984 Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer * 1985 Christian Gentner, German footballer * 1986 Cameron Jerome, English footballer * 1989 Ander Herrera, Spanish footballer * 1990 Jaydee Bixby, Canadian singer * 1992 Sarah Correa, Brazilian swimmer (d. 2015) * 1993 Gongchan, South Korean singer and actress * 1993 Cassi Thomson, Australian-American actress and singer * 1999 Garrett Ryan, American actor == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 582 Tiberius II, Byzantine Empress (b. 535) * 1040 Duncan I of Scotland * 1167 Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne * 1204 Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (b. 1182) * 1369 Philippa of Hainault, Queen Consort of England (b. 1311) * 1390 John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364) * 1430 Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404) * 1433 King John I of Portugal (b. 1357) * 1464 Pope Pius II (b. 1405) * 1573 Saito Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548) * 1691 Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630) * 1704 Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675) * 1727 William Croft, English composer (b. 1678) * 1754 Maria Anna of Austria (b. 1683) * 1774 Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (b. 1716) * 1784 Nathaniel Hone, Irish- born painter (b. 1718) * 1852 Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (b. 1788) * 1856 Constant Prévost, French geologist (b. 1787) * 1860 André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774) * 1870 David Farragut, American navy officer (b. 1801) * 1891 Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (b. 1803) === 1901 2000 === * 1905 Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840) * 1909 William Stanley, American inventor and engineer (b. 1829) * 1928 Klabund, German writer and poet (b. 1890) * 1941 Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr and saint (b. 1854) * 1941 Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854) * 1943 Joe Kelley, American baseball player (b. 1871) * 1951 William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper magnate (b. 1863) * 1954 Hugo Eckener, German pilot and designer (b. 1868) * 1955 Herbert Putnam, American Librarian of Congress (b. 1861) * 1956 Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898) * 1958 Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1900) * 1958 Konstantin von Neurath, German diplomat (b. 1873) * 1972 Oscar Levant, American actor, composer, and musician (b. 1906) * 1980 Dorothy Stratton, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960) * 1980 Paul Snider, Canadian entrepreneur and manager (b. 1951) * 1981 Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894) * 1982 Patrick Magee, Irish-English actor (b. 1922) * 1984 Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1904) * 1984 J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894) * 1985 Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899) * 1988 Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898) * 1989 Ricky Berry, American basketball player (b. 1964) * 1991 Alberto Crespo, Argentine racing driver (b. 1920) * 1994 Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer (b. 1905) * 2000 Alain Fournier, French-born computer graphics researcher (b. 1943) === From 2001 === * 2002 Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool) (b. 1972) * 2003 Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929) * 2004 Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911) * 2005 Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932) * 2007 Kotozakura Masakatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1940) * 2010 Abbey Lincoln, American singer (b. 1930) * 2011 Shammi Kapoor, Indian actor (b. 1931) * 2012 Svetozar Gligoric, Serbian chess player (b. 1923) * 2012 Sergey Kapitsa, Russian physicist (b. 1928) * 2012 Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (b. 1919) * 2012 Ron Palillo, American actor (b. 1949) * 2013 Lisa Robin Kelly, American actress (b. 1970) * 2014 Mariana Briski, Argentine actress (b. 1965) * 2014 George V. Hansen, American politician (b. 1930) * 2014 Jay Adams, American skateboarder (b. 1961) * 2014 Stephen Lee, American actor (b. 1955) * 2015 Bob Johnston, American record producer (b. 1932) * 2016 Fyvush Finkel, American actor (b. 1922) * 2016 Hermann Kant, German historian (b. 1926) * 2017 Andrzej Blumenfeld, Polish actor (b. 1951) * 2017 Frank Broyles, American college football coach (b. 1924) * 2017 Franklin Cleckley, American state judge (b. 1940) * 2017 Abdelkrim Ghallab, Moroccan politician, journalist and novelist (b. 1919) * 2017 Stephen Wooldridge, Australian cyclist (b. 1977) * 2017 Lateef Raji, Nigerian politician (b. 1962) * 2018 Hugh Cortazzi, British diplomat (b. 1924) * 2018 Balram Das Tandon, Indian politician (b. 1927) * 2018 Jill Janus, American singer (b. 1975) * 2018 Michael Persinger, American- Canadian psychology professor and neuroscience researcher (b. 1945) * 2018 Eduard Uspensky, Russian author (b. 1937) * 2018 Chemmanam Chacko, Indian poet (b. 1926) * 2019 Graham Farmer, Australian footballer (b. 1935) * 2019 Karim Olowu, Nigerian sprinter and long jumper (b. 1924) * 2019 Héctor Rivoira, Argentine footballer (b. 1960) * 2019 Gjergj Xhuvani, Albanian film director (b. 1963) == Observances == *Feast of Maximilian Kolbe, martyr * Independence Day (Pakistan) Category:Days of the year