Title: October 9 Content: == Events == === Up to 1800 === * 768 - Carloman and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of the Franks. * 1000 – Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America. * 1238 – James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia. * 1264 - The Kingdom of Castile conquers the city of Jerez, under Islamic control since 711. * 1446 – The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea. * 1514 – Marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor * 1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain. * 1604 - Supernova 1604 is observed; It is the last supernova to-date to be observed in the Milky Way. * 1635 – Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land. * 1701 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. * 1708 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya. * 1740 - Dutch colonists and others begin massacring Chinese people at Batavia (now Jakarta), eventually killing 10,000 people and leading to war. * 1760 - Seven Years' War: Russian forces occupy Berlin. * 1767 - Surveying of the Mason–Dixon line between Pennsylvania and Maryland is completed, unofficially marking the boundary between Northern and Southern US States. * 1771 – The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland. * 1776 – Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California. * 1788 – The first bridge in Australia is built over the Tank Stream in Sydney. * 1799 - Sinking of the ship HMS Lutine, killing 240 people. === 1801 1900 === * 1803 - Flooding on the Portuguese island of Madeira kills 600 people. * 1804 – Hobart, Tasmania is founded. * 1806 - Prussia declares war on France. * 1812 – War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS Detroit and the HMS Caledonia. * 1820 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain. * 1824 - Costa Rica gets rid of slavery. * 1829 - A climbing expedition led by Friedrich Parrot reaches the summit of Mount Ararat, the highest mountain in Turkey. * 1831 – Capo d'Istria is assassinated. * 1834 - Opening of the Dublin to Kingstown railway, the first public railway in Ireland. * 1854 - Start of the Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War. * 1861 - American Civil War: Battle of Santa Rita Island. * 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook – Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia. * 1871 – The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control. * 1874 – General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne. * 1888 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public. * 1900 - The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom. === 1901 1950 === * 1911 - An accidental bomb explosion in Hankou, Wuhan, China, leads to the ultimate fall of the Qing Dynasty. * 1913 - Steamship SS Volturna catches fire in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean, killing 136 people. Over 300 lives are saved. * 1914 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp – Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops. * 1919 – Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series. * 1934 - In Marseille, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and then-foreign minister of France Louis Barthou are assassinated. * 1936 – Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California. * 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb. * 1941 - A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia to be the country's President. * 1942 – Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy. * 1944 – World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a nine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe. === 1951 2000 === * 1957 – Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States. * 1959 - The Conservatives under Harold Macmillan win the United Kingdom general election. * 1962 – Uganda becomes a republic. * 1963 – In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it. * 1967 – A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia. * 1969 – In Chicago, Illinois, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24). * 1969 – Students from the University of the Philippines formed the first Upsilonian Congress and established the Upsiloan Alpha Beta Grand Fraternity in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. * 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia. * 1980 - Pope John Paul II shakes hands with Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama in a private audience in Vatican City. * 1981 - End of capital punishment in France. * 1983 - Attempted killing of President of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan. He survives, though 17 people are killed. * 1986 – United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment. * 1989 – An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh. * 1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms. * 1991 – Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty. * 1992 – A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu. * 1995 – An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona. === From 2001 === * 2002 – After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11. * 2004 - The new Scottish Parliament building in Edinburgh is officially opened. * 2004 – Jo Brauner resigns as the anchor of German Tagesschau news show after 30 years. * 2004 – Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan. * 2004 – The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party. * 2005 – China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the new accurate height of Mount Everest is 8848.43 m. * 2005 - 16- and 17-year- olds are allowed to vote in the state election in Burgenland, Austria. * 2006 – North Korea carries out its first-reported bomb test. * 2007 - Yoko Ono opens the John Lennon Imagine Peace tower on the island of Videy near Reykjavik, Iceland. * 2009 – First Lunar impact of the Centaur & LCROSS spacecrafts, as part of NASA's Precursor Robotic Programme. * 2009 – Barack Obama wins the Nobel Peace Prize. * 2011 - Sebastian Vettel wins his second Formula One World title, as the youngest driver to win two Formula One World Championships in-a-row. * 2012 - Members of the Pakistan Taliban attempt to kill education activist Malala Yousafzai, by shooting her in the head. She survives the attack after receiving medical treatment. * 2014 - UKIP wins its first parliamentary seat in a UK by-election in Clacton-on-Sea in Essex, through defected Conservative MP Douglas Carswell. * 2017 - Iceland becomes the least-populated country to qualify for a FIFA World Cup, defeating Kosovo 2-0 in Reykjavik. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1201 Robert de Sorbonne, French theologian (d. 1274) * 1261 King Denis of Portugal (d. 1325) * 1328 King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369) * 1581 Claude Gaspard Bachet de Meziriac, French mathematician, poet and scholar (d. 1638) * 1585 Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672) * 1586 Archduke Leopold of Austria (d. 1632) * 1704 Johann Andreas Segner, German physician, physicist and mathematician (d. 1777) * 1757 King Charles X of France (d. 1836) * 1782 Lewis Cass, American politician (d. 1866) * 1788 Jozsef Kossics, Slovenian writer (d. 1867) * 1796 Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878) * 1833 Eugen Langen, German entrepreneur, engineer and inventor (d. 1895) * 1835 Camille Saint- Saëns, French composer (d. 1921) * 1840 Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905) * 1846 Julius Maggi, Swiss businessman (Maggi condiment) (d. 1912) * 1848 Caroline Alice Elgar, English author (d. 1920) * 1852 Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist (d. 1919) * 1854 Myron T. Herrick, Governor of Ohio (d. 1929) * 1858 Mihaijlo Idvorski Pupin, Serbian-American physicist (d. 1935) * 1859 Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935) * 1863 Alexander Siloti, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1945) * 1873 Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1946) * 1874 Nicholas Roerich, Russian polymath (d. 1947) * 1879 Max von Laue, German physicist (d. 1960) * 1880 Charlie Faust, American baseball player (d. 1915) * 1881 Victor Klemperer, German writer (d. 1960) * 1886 Rube Marquard, American baseball player and manager (d. 1980) * 1888 Nikolai Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938) * 1888 Irving Cummings, American actor and director (d. 1959) * 1892 Ivo Andric, Yugoslavian writer (d. 1975) * 1892 Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941) * 1893 Mario de Andrade, Brazilian writer (d. 1945) * 1897 M. V. Bhaktavatsalam, Indian politician (d. 1987) * 1900 Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976) * 1900 Joseph Friedman, American inventor (d. 1982) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 Walter O'Malley, American sports executive (d. 1979) * 1906 Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001) * 1906 Sayyid Qutb, Egyptian journalist and Islamist thinker (d. 1966) * 1907 Jacques Tati, French director and producer (d. 1982) * 1907 Quintin Hogg, Baron Halisham of St Marylebone, English politician (d. 2001) * 1908 Werner Haeften, German officer and Resistance activist (d. 1944) * 1909 Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000) * 1909 V. Nalliah, Sri Lankan Tamil politician * 1911 Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006) * 1915 Clifford M. Hardin, American politician (d. 2010) * 1918 E. Howard Hunt, American spy (d. 2007) * 1918 Lila Kedrova, Russian actress (d. 2000) * 1920 Jason Wingreen, American actor (d. 2015) * 1920 Yusef Lateef, American musician and composer (d. 2013) * 1921 Tadeusz Rozewicz, Polish poet and playwright (d. 2014) * 1922 Fyvush Finkel, American actor (d. 2016) * 1923 Donald Sinden, English actor (d. 2014) * 1925 Robert Docking, American politician, 38th Governor of Kansas (d. 1983) * 1926 Danièle Delorme, French actress and producer (d. 2015) * 1928 Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (d. 2016) * 1929 William M. Gray, American scientist (d. 2016) * 1931 Antony Booth, British actor (d. 2017) * 1933 Peter Mansfield, British physicist (d. 2017) * 1934 Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer * 1935 Prince Edward, Duke of Kent * 1936 Edmond Keosayan, Armenian-Soviet musician and movie director (d. 1994) * 1936 Brian Blessed, British actor * 1938 Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician, former President of Austria * 1939 Nicholas Grimshaw, English architect * 1940 John Lennon, English musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. December 8, 1980) * 1940 Gordon J. Humphrey, American politician * 1941 Chucho Valdés, Cuban pianist and composer * 1941 Giancarlo Bercellino, Italian footballer * 1942 Shukri Ghanem, Prime Minister of Libya (d. 2012) * 1943 Renato Cappellini, Italian footballer * 1944 John Entwistle, British musician (d. 2002) * 1944 Nona Hendryx, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress * 1944 Francis Girod, French movie director (d. 2006) * 1946 Fernando Brant, Brazilian poet and journalist (d. 2015) * 1947 France Gall, French singer (d. 2018) * 1947 Joe Wark, Scottish footballer (d. 2015) * 1947 Bob Moose, American baseball player (d. 1976) * 1948 Paul LePage, American politician, Governor of Maine * 1948 Jackson Browne, American musician * 1949 Bob Leinbach, American singer- songwriter and musician (Orleans) * 1949 Rod Temperton, English songwriter and producer (d. 2016) * 1950 Reichi Nakaido, Japanese rock music guitarist * 1950 Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, Nobel Peace Prize winner === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne * 1952 Dennis Stratton, English guitarist (Iron Maiden) * 1953 Tony Shalhoub, American actor * 1954 Scott Bakula, American actor * 1954 James Fearnley, British musician (The Pogues) * 1955 Steve Ovett, British athlete * 1958 Alan Nunnelee, American politician (d. 2015) * 1959 Boris Nemtsov, Russian politician (d. 2015) * 1960 Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist * 1961 Ellen Wheeler, American actress, director and producer * 1962 Hugh Robertson, English politician * 1962 Onokuni Yasushi, Japanese sumo wrestler * 1962 Jorge Burruchaga, Argentine footballer * 1964 Guillermo del Toro, Mexican movie director * 1964 John Ralston, Canadian actor * 1966 David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom * 1967 Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005) * 1967 Artur Davis, American politician * 1968 Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate (d. 2011) * 1969 PJ Harvey, English musician * 1969 Steve McQueen, English artist and director (12 Years a Slave) * 1970 Steve Jablonsky, American movie and television composer * 1970 Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer * 1970 Kenny Anderson, American baseball player * 1971 Jason Jones, American director, producer and actor * 1973 Erin Daniels, American actress * 1973 Fabio Lione, Italian singer-songwriter and keyboardist * 1973 Carlos Pavon, Honduran footballer * 1974 Shmuel Herzfeld, American rabbi and activist * 1975 Sean Lennon, American musician, son of John Lennon and Yoko Ono * 1975 Mark Viduka, Australian footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 Nick Swardson, American actor and comedian * 1978 Nicky Byrne, Irish singer (Westlife) * 1979 Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer * 1979 Brandon Routh, American actor * 1979 Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor * 1979 DJ Rashad, American DJ and musician (d. 2014) * 1979 Alex Greenwald, American musician, actor and record producer * 1980 Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player * 1981 Darius Miles, American basketball player * 1982 Antonio Mendonca, Angolan footballer * 1982 Shi Jun, Chinese footballer * 1983 Stephen Gionta, American ice hockey player * 1983 Andreas Zuber, Austrian racing driver * 1983 Spencer Grammer, American actress * 1983 Jang Mi-Ran, South Korean weightlifter * 1983 Zeng Jinyan, Chinese blogger and human rights activist * 1984 Djamel Mesbah, French-Algerian footballer * 1986 Laure Manaudou, French swimmer * 1987 Samantha Murray, English tennis player * 1990 Marcus Willis, English tennis player * 1992 Tyler James Williams, American actor and singer * 1993 Lauren Davis, American tennis player * 1993 Scotty McCreery, American singer * 1994 Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress * 1996 Bella Hadid, American model * 2008 Bo, dog of Barack Obama == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1047 – Pope Clement II (b. 1005) * 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop * 1273 - Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany * 1390 - King John I of Castile (b. 1358) * 1555 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer (b. 1493) * 1562 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523) * 1569 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533) * 1581 - Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1526) * 1597 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537) * 1691 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638) * 1709 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640) * 1729 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654) * 1793 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718) * 1806 – Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731) * 1808 - John Claiborne, American politician (b. 1777) * 1831 – John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776) * 1841 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Prussian architect and painter (b. 1781) * 1857 - Josef Ressel, Austrian inventor (b. 1793) * 1873 - George Ormerod, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1785) * 1897 - Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818) * 1900 - Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1843) === 1901 2000 === * 1924 – Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873) * 1934 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888) * 1934 – Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862) * 1937 - Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (b. 1868) * 1941 – Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900) * 1943 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865) * 1950 - George Hainsworth, NHL goaltender (b. 1895) * 1953 - Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-American actor (b. 1887) * 1955 – Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1875) * 1956 – Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882) * 1958 – Pope Pius XII (b. 1876) * 1961 – Werner Jaeger, German mathematician (b. 1888) * 1962 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885) * 1967 – Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed) (b. 1928) * 1967 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist (b. 1897) * 1967 - Andre Maurois, French writer (b. 1885) * 1972 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902) * 1974 – Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908) * 1976 - Walter Warlimont, German general (b. 1894) * 1976 - Bob Moose, American baseball player (b. 1947) * 1978 – Jacques Brel, Belgian musician (b. 1929) * 1985 - Emilio Garrastazu Medici, President of Brazil (b. 1905) * 1987 – Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903) * 1987 – Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908) * 1987 – William P. Murphy, American doctor, won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892) * 1988 - Felix Wankel, German engineer (b. 1902) * 1989 – Penny Lernoux, American journalist and writer (b. 1940) * 1991 - Dagmar Lange (Maria Lang), Swedish writer (b. 1914) * 1995 – Alec Douglas- Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903) * 1995 - Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1911) * 1996 – Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913) * 2000 – David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945) === From 2001 === * 2001 – Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921) * 2002 – Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (b. 1956) * 2005 - Louis Nye, American actor (b. 1913) * 2006 – Paul Hunter, British snooker player (b. 1978) * 2008 - Gidget Gein, American musician (b. 1969) * 2009 – Horst Szymaniak, German footballer (b. 1934) * 2010 – Maurice Allais, French economist (b. 1911) * 2012 - Paddy Roy Bates, British founder of the Sealand micronation (b. 1921) * 2013 - Chopper Read, Australian crime figure and author (b. 1954) * 2013 - Wilfried Martens, former Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1936) * 2014 - Peter A. Peyser, American politician (b. 1921) * 2014 - Jan Hooks, American actress and comedienne (b. 1957) * 2015 - Ravindra Jain, Indian composer (b. 1944) * 2015 - Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (b. 1915) * 2015 - Du Runsheng, Chinese politician (b. 1913) * 2015 - Jerry Parr, American secret service agent (b. 1930) * 2015 - Geoffrey Howe, British politician (b. 1926) * 2016 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish movie director (b. 1926) * 2017 - Manuel Busto, French cyclist (b. 1932) * 2017 - Allan Chumak, Russian faith healer (b. 1935) * 2017 - Rafe Mair, Canadian lawyer, political commentator, journalist and politician (b. 1931) * 2017 - Jean Rochefort, French actor (b. 1930) * 2017 - Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian painter, printmaker and sculptor (b. 1925) * 2017 - Michel Diefenbacher, French politician (b. 1947) * 2017 - Hessie, Cuban textile artist (b. 1936) * 2018 - Warner Saunders, American news anchor (b. 1935) * 2018 - Thomas A. Steitz, American Nobel Prize-winning biochemist (b. 1940) * 2018 - Carolyn Warner, American politician (b. 1930) == Observances == * Independence Day (Uganda) * Leif Erikson Day * Hangul Day (South Korea) October 09