Title: 1923 Content: 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar was made obsolete starting that year, though Eastern Orthodox churches still use the Julian Calendar. == Events == * January 1 – Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies * January 10 – Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel * January 11 – Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments * February 16 – Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun * February 22 – Barcelona (Catalonia): Albert Einstein visits the city, invited by the scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa, as part of the monografics course of High Studies and Exchange organized by the Mancomunitat de Catalunya and conducted by Rafael de Campalans. * March – Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias. * March 1 – USS Connecticut decommissioned * March 2 – Time Magazine hits newsstands for the first time * March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government. * April – End of Irish Civil War * April 12 – Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence. * April 23 – Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia Seaport * April 26 – Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey * May 23 – Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines * May 27 – Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members * June 9 – Military coup in Bulgaria – prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14) * June 18 – Etna volcano erupts – 60.000 made homeless == Births == === January === * January 15 – Lee Teng-hui, 4th President of the Republic of China (d. 2020) * January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish neuroscientist (d. 2018) * January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007) === February === * February 4 - Conrad Bain, Canadian- American actor (d. 2013) * February 4 – Belisario Betancur, 26th President of Colombia (d. 2018) * February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film director (d. 2019) === March === * March 22 – Marcel Marceau, French actor (d. 2007) === April === * April 5 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, 2nd President of South Vietnam (d. 2001) * April 23 - Krastyu Trichkov, Bulgar politician === May === * May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985) * May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, 3rd President of Azerbaijan (d. 2003) * May 27 – Henry Kissinger, 56th United States Secretary of State * May 28 – N. T. Rama Rao, Indian actor, director and politician (d. 1996) * May 31 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005) === June === * June 25 – Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994) === July === * July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, 1st President of Poland (d. 2014) * July 11 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American academic and political expert (d. 2018) * July 22 – Bob Dole, American politician (d. 2021) === August === * August 2 – Shimon Peres, 9th President of Israel (d. 2016) * August 10 – Rhonda Fleming, American actress (d. 2020) === September === * September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015) === October === * October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor and political activist (d. 2008) * October 5 – Glynis Johns, Welsh stage and film actress, dancer, pianist and singer * October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985) === November === === December === * December 13 – Philip W. Anderson, American Nobel physicist (d. 2020) == Deaths == * February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physician and Nobel Prize laureate == Nobel Prize == * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Frederick Banting, Canadian doctor, and John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish physiologist