Title: July 26 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 615 K'inich Janaab' Pakal I, aged 12, is crowned ruler of the Mayan city of Palenque. * 1309 Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor is recognised as King of the Romans by Pope Clement V. * 1469 Wars of the Roses: Forces of Edward IV of England defeat those of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick in the Battle of Edgecote Moor. * 1533 Atahualpa dies at the hands of Francisco Pizarro's Conquistadors, marking the end of the Inca Empire. * 1581 The northern Low Countries declare independence from King Philip II of Spain. * 1745 The first recorded women's cricket match takes place in Guildford, Surrey, England. * 1758 French and Indian War: The Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. * 1775 Benjamin Franklin is named Postmaster- General by the United States Congress. * 1788 New York ratifies the United States Constitution, becoming the 11th State. * 1803 The Surrey Iron Railway opens in South London. * 1805 An earthquake in central Italy kills an estimated 26,000 people. * 1822 José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, present-day Ecuador, to meet with Simon Bolivar. * 1822 First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia between the Ottoman Empire, led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha, and a Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis. * 1847 Liberia becomes independent, with Joseph Jenkins Roberts being its first President. * 1861 American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes control of the Army of the Potomac, following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Bull Run. * 1882 Boer settlers found the Republic of Stellaland in present-day South Africa. * 1882 Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal is first performed in Bayreuth, Bavaria. * 1887 Unua Libro, the 'First book of Esperanto', is published. * 1891 France takes control of Tahiti. === 1901 1950 === * 1908 The FBI is founded. * 1910 The Rail Tunnel under the Detroit River linking Windsor, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan is opened. * 1914 Serbia and Bulgaria interrupt their diplomatic relationship. * 1936 The Axis Powers decide to intervene in the Spanish Civil War. * 1936 Edward VIII of the United Kingdom unveils the Canadian Vimy Memorial. * 1937 Spanish Civil War: End of the Battle of Brunete. * 1944 World War II: The Soviet army enters German- occupied Lviv, in present-day Ukraine. * 1944 The first German V-2 rocket hits the United Kingdom. * 1945 The British Conservative Party under Winston Churchill loses the General Election to the Labour Party, led by Clement Attlee. * 1945 The Potsdam Declaration is signed. * 1946 Aloha Airlines begins service. * 1947 The National Security Act of 1947 is signed by US President Harry S. Truman. * 1948 Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981, desegregating the United States Military. === 1951 2000 === * 1951 Walt Disney movie Alice in Wonderland has its first showing in London. * 1952 Argentina's First Lady Eva Perón dies aged 33. * 1953 Begin of the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro later helps to found the 26th July Movement. * 1956 The Suez Crisis begins, after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalises the Suez Canal. * 1957 President Carlos Castillo Armas of Guatemala is assassinated. * 1958 The Explorer 4 space probe is launched. * 1963 A earthquake strikes Skopje in the present-day Republic of Macedonia, killing around 1,100 people. * 1965 The Maldives gain full independence from the United Kingdom. * 1971 Apollo 15 launches from the Kennedy Space Center, with David Scott, James Irwin and Alfred Worden on board, to the Moon. * 1974 Konstantinos Karamanlis forms the Greek Government. * 1977 The National Assembly of Quebec imposes the use of French as an official language of the Provincial Government. * 1990 The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 is signed into law by US President George H. W. Bush. * 1994 Boris Yeltsin orders the removal of Russian troops from Estonia. * 1994 A bomb explodes outside the Israeli Embassy in London. * 1998 Cambodia holds its first election since regaining full independence. === From 2001 === * 2005 Space Shuttle Discovery launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida. It is the first Space Shuttle mission since the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster of February 1, 2003. * 2005 Nearly a meter of rain falls in one day in Mumbai, causing flooding. * 2006 A conference begins in Rome, Italy to discuss a solution to the Israel-Lebanon War, though without the participation of Israel, Hezbollah, Hamas and Syria. * 2008 56 people are killed in a bombing in Ahmedabad, India. * 2013 2013 Cleveland, Ohio, missing trio: Ariel Castro pleads guilty to all charges in order to avoid the death penalty. He commits suicide in prison on September 3. * 2016 Mass murder with knife is carried out in an institution of Sagamihara in Japan for persons with disabilities out of disability hate crime; 19 people are killed. * 2016 Solar Impulse 2 becomes the first solar-powered aircraft to complete a flight around the world. * 2016 Roman Catholic priest Jacques Hamel is murdered at his church in Normandy, France, by an attacker linked to the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. * 2016 Hillary Clinton is officially nominated by the Democratic Party for President of the United States, becoming the first woman to be nominated for this position by a major US political party. * 2017 US President Donald Trump announces via Twitter that he intends to ban Transgender people from serving in the United States Military. * 2019 The 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru, begin. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1030 Stanislaus of Szczepanow, Polish bishop and martyr (d. 1074) * 1575 Anne Catherine of Brandenburg, Queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1612) * 1678 Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1711) * 1721 Samuel von Brukenthal, Governor of Transylvania (d. 1803) * 1739 George Clinton, 4th Vice President of the United States and 1st State Governor of New York (d. 1812) * 1756 Maria Fitzherbert, first wife of King George IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1837) * 1782 John Field, Irish composer (d. 1837) * 1787 Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck, German botanist and pharmacologist (d. 1837) * 1791 Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer (d. 1844) * 1796 George Catlin, American painter (d. 1872) * 1801 Maria Röhl, Swedish artist (d. 1875) * 1802 Mariano Arista, President of Mexico (d. 1855) * 1829 Auguste Beernaert, Belgian statesman and 14th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1912) * 1842 Alfred Marshall, British economist (d. 1924) * 1844 Stefan Drzewiecki, Polish scientist and inventor (d. 1938) * 1846 Texas Jack Omohundro, American scout, cowboy and actor (d. 1880) * 1855 Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1936) * 1856 George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer (d. 1950) * 1858 Tom Garrett, Australian cricketer (d. 1943) * 1862 George P. Cortelyou, American politician (d. 1940) * 1865 Philipp Scheidemann, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1939) * 1866 Princess Milica of Montenegro (d. 1951) * 1874 Serge Koussevitzky, Russian conductor (d. 1961) * 1875 Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961) * 1875 Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939) * 1878 Ernst Hoppenberg, German swimmer and water polo player (d. 1937) * 1880 Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian statesman (d. 1951) * 1882 Dixie Bibb Graves, American politician and United States Senator for Alabama (d. 1965) * 1893 E. R. Dodds, Irish classical scholar (d. 1979) * 1893 George Grosz, German painter (d. 1959) * 1894 Aldous Huxley, British writer (d. 1963) * 1895 Jane Bunford, UK's tallest woman (d. 1922) * 1895 Gracie Allen, American actress and comedienne (d. 1964) * 1896 Tom Birkin, English racing driver (d. 1933) * 1897 Paul Gallico, American novelist (d. 1976) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Umberto Caligaris, Italian footballer (d. 1940) * 1903 Estes Kefauver, American politician (d. 1963) * 1904 Edwin Albert Link, American inventor of the flight simulator (d. 1981) * 1906 Irena Illakowicz, Polish intelligence agent (d. 1943) * 1907 Donal McLaughlin, American architect and graphic artist (d. 2009) * 1908 Lucien Wercollier, Luxembourg sculptor (d. 2000) * 1909 Peter Thorneycroft, Baron Thorneycroft, British politician (d. 1994) * 1909 Vivian Vance, American actress (d. 1979) * 1910 Yann Fouéré, Breton political activist (d. 2011) * 1914 Erskine Hawkins, American trumpeter and bandleader (d. 1993) * 1914 C. Farris Bryant, 34th Governor of Florida (d. 2002) * 1916 Dean Brooks, American physician and actor (d. 2013) * 1917 Alberta Adams, American singer (d. 2014) * 1917 Bertil Nordahl, Swedish footballer (d. 1998) * 1918 Marjorie Lord, American actress (d. 2015) * 1919 James Lovelock, British scientist * 1919 Angelo Felici, Italian cardinal (d. 2007) * 1920 Mario Fasino, Italian politician, President of Sicily (d. 2017) * 1921 Amedeo Amadei, Italian footballer (d. 2013) * 1922 Gilberto Agustoni, Swiss cardinal (d. 2017) * 1922 Blake Edwards, American movie director (d. 2010) * 1922 Jason Robards, American actor (d. 2000) * 1923 Jan Berenstain, American writer (d. 2012) * 1923 Biff Elliot, American actor (d. 2012) * 1925 Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-born Swedish doctor and politician (d. 2000) * 1925 Joseph Engelberger, American physicist, engineer and entrepreneur (d. 2015) * 1925 Gene Gutowski, Polish-American movie producer (d. 2016) * 1925 Ana María Matute, Spanish writer (d. 2014) * 1926 James Best, American actor (d. 2015) * 1928 Joe Jackson, patriarch of the Jackson musical family (d. 2018) * 1928 Stanley Kubrick, American movie director (d. 1999) * 1928 Francesco Cossiga, 8th President of Italy (d. 2010) * 1928 Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician (d. 2012) * 1928 Bernice Rubens, Welsh writer (d. 2004) * 1928 Ibn-e-Safi, Pakistani poet (d. 1980) * 1929 Alexis Weissenberg, Bulgarian pianist (d. 2012) * 1930 Barbara Jefford, English actress * 1932 James Stafford, American cardinal * 1932 Robert Timlin, American judge (d. 2017) * 1933 Edmund Phelps, American economist * 1933 Lance Percival, English actor, comedian and singer (d. 2015) * 1936 Mary Millar, English actress (d. 1998) * 1936 Lawrie McMenemy, English footballer and coach * 1939 John Howard, 25th Prime Minister of Australia * 1940 Brigitte Hamann, German-Austrian author and historian (d. 2016) * 1940 Mary Jo Kopechne, American aide to Robert F. Kennedy (d. 1969) * 1940 Jürgen Kurbjuhn, German footballer (d. 2014) * 1942 Hannelore Elsner, German actress (d. 2019) * 1942 Vladimir Meciar, former Prime Minister of Slovakia * 1943 Peter Hyams, American director * 1943 Mick Jagger, British musician * 1945 Helen Mirren, British actress * 1945 Panagiotis Pikrammenos, Greek jurist * 1946 Erwin Huber, German politician * 1947 Alejandra Da Passano, Argentine actress (d. 2014) * 1947 Emilio de Villota, Spanish racing driver * 1949 Sharron Angle, American politician * 1949 Thaksin Shinawatra, Thai politician * 1949 Roger Taylor, British musician (Queen) * 1950 Nelinho, Brazilian footballer * 1950 Susan George, English actress === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, German politician * 1952 Heiner Brand, German handball player and coach * 1953 Felix Magath, German footballer * 1954 Mareike Carrière, German actress (d. 2014) * 1954 Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player (d. 1994) * 1955 Asif Ali Zardari, former President of Pakistan * 1955 Aleksandrs Starkovs, Latvian footballer * 1956 Dorothy Hamill, American figure skater * 1957 Yuen Biao, Chinese actor * 1957 Nana Visitor, American actress * 1959 Kevin Spacey, American actor * 1961 Gary Cherone, American singer-songwriter * 1962 Sigga, Icelandic singer * 1964 Sandra Bullock, American actress * 1965 Jimmy Dore, American comedian * 1965 Jeremy Piven, American actor * 1966 Angelo Di Livio, Italian footballer * 1967 Anthony Durante, American wrestler (d. 2003) * 1967 Jason Statham, English actor and producer * 1968 Olivia Williams, English actress * 1969 Tanni Grey- Thompson, British wheelchair athlete * 1971 Khaled Mahmud, Bangladeshi cricketer * 1971 Andrea Fortunato, Italian footballer (d. 1995) * 1971 Kendall Francois, American murderer (d. 2014) * 1973 Kate Beckinsale, British actress * 1975 Elizabeth Truss, British politician === From 1976 === * 1976 Pavel Pardo, Mexican footballer * 1977 Martin Laursen, Danish footballer * 1977 Emma Barton, English actress * 1979 Peter Sarno, Canadian ice hockey player * 1980 Jacinda Ardern, 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand * 1980 Madeleine West, Australian actress * 1980 Dave Baksh, Canadian guitarist (Sum 41) * 1980 Sonali Shah, English television presenter * 1981 Maicon Douglas Sisenando, Brazilian footballer * 1983 Kelly Clark, American snowboarder * 1983 Stephen Makinwa, Nigerian footballer * 1983 Delonte West, American basketball player * 1985 Zhou Bichang, Chinese singer-songwriter and actress * 1985 Brice Feillu, French road racing cyclist * 1985 Gaël Clichy, French footballer * 1985 Leonardo Ulloa, Argentine footballer * 1987 Fredy Montero, Colombian footballer * 1988 Sayaka Akimoto, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48) * 1988 Francia Raisa, American actress * 1988 Diego Perotti, Argentine footballer * 1989 Ivian Sarcos, Venezuelan model * 1990 Jesus Herrada, Spanish motorcycle racer * 1990 Bianca Santos, American actress * 1993 Elizabeth Gillies, American actress and singer * 1993 Taylor Momsen, American actress and singer * 1993 Caleb Stanko, American soccer player * 1993 Stormzy, English rapper * 1996 Tatiana Vorobjova, Estonian tennis player * 1998 Maya Sakura, Japanese singer and actress == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === *342 Jin Chengdi, Emperor of China (b. 321) *432 Pope Celestine I *796 Offa, King of Mercia *811 Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor (killed in battle) *1380 Emperor Komyo of Japan (b. 1322) *1471 Pope Paul II (b. 1417) *1506 Anne of Foix-Candale, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia (b. 1478) *1533 Atahualpa, Inca ruler (b. 1502) *1592 Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron, French soldier (b. 1524) *1605 Miguel de Benavides, Spanish clergyman and Sinologist (b. 1552) *1611 Horio Yoshiharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1542) *1630 Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1562) *1680 John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English writer (b. 1647) *1684 Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian mathematician (b. 1646) *1712 Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (b. 1631) *1723 Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (b. 1660) *1726 Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1695) *1801 Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (b. 1756) *1863 John J. Crittenden, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1786) *1863 Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas (b. 1793) *1867 King Otto of Greece (b. 1815) === 1901 1950 === *1915 James Murray, English philologist (b. 1837) *1919 Sir Edward Poynter, British painter (b. 1836) *1922 Ciro Luis Urriola, 8th President of Panama (b. 1863) *1925 Antonio Ascari, Italian racing driver (b. 1888) *1925 Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician (b. 1848) *1925 William Jennings Bryan, American politician (b. 1860) *1926 Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician (b. 1843) *1935 Winsor McCay, American cartoonist (b. 1871) *1937 Gerda Taro, German photographer (b. 1910) *1941 Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (b. 1875) *1942 Roberto Arlt, Argentinian writer (b. 1900) *1943 Ruth M. Gardiner, American nurse (b. 1914) *1944 Reza Shah, ruler of Iran (b. 1878) === 1951 2000 === *1952 Eva Perón, wife of Argentine President Juan Perón (b. 1919) *1953 Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (b. 1883) *1957 Carlos Castillo Armas, President of Guatemala (b. 1914) *1969 Frank Loesser, American composer (b. 1910) *1970 Robert Taschereau, Canadian jurist (b. 1896) *1971 Diane Arbus, American photographer (suicide) (b. 1923) *1976 Stefanos Natsinas, Greek politician (b. 1910) *1980 Ibn-e-Safi, Pakistani poet (b. 1928) *1984 George Gallup, American statistician (b. 1901) *1984 Ed Gein, American serial killer (b. 1906) *1986 Averell Harriman, American diplomat (b. 1891) *1988 Fazlur Rahman, Pakistani scholar (b. 1919) *1990 Brent Mydland, American musician (b. 1952) *1992 Mary Wells, American singer (b. 1943) *1995 George Romney, Governor of Michigan and father of Mitt Romney (b. 1907) *1999 Phaedon Gizikis, President of Greece (b. 1917) === From 2001 === *2001 Peter von Zahn, German journalist (b. 1913) *2002 Tony Anholt, English actor (b. 1941) *2005 Mario David, Italian footballer (b. 1934) *2009 Merce Cunningham, American choreographer (b. 1919) *2011 Margaret Olley, Australian artist (b. 1923) *2011 Sakyo Komatsu, Japanese science fiction writer (b. 1931) *2012 Lupe Ontiveros, American actress (b. 1942) *2012 Mary Tamm, English actress (b. 1950) *2013 Sung Jae-ki, South Korean activist (b. 1967) *2013 JJ Cale, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1938) *2014 Oleh Babayev, Ukrainian politician (b. 1965) *2014 Charles R. Larson, American admiral (b. 1936) *2014 Majid Nizami, Pakistani journalist (b. 1928) *2014 Roland Verhavert, Belgian movie director (b. 1927) *2015 Bobbi Kristina Brown, American media personality and singer (b. 1993) *2015 Leo Reise, Jr., Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1922) *2015 Ann Rule, American true crime author (b. 1931) *2015 Vic Firth, American musician and instruments manufacturer (b. 1930) *2016 Jacques Hamel, French priest (b. 1930) *2016 David A. Katz, American judge (b. 1933) *2016 Mohamed Khan, Egyptian film director (b. 1942) *2017 Patti Deutsch, American actress (b. 1943) *2017 June Foray, American voice actress (b. 1917) *2017 Giovanni Battista Pichierri, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1943) *2017 Lawrence Pezzulo, American diplomat (b. 1926) *2017 Maxlei dos Santos Luzia, Brazilian footballer (b. 1975) *2017 Joachim Vobbe, German Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1947) *2017 Leo Kinnunen, Finnish racing driver (b. 1943) *2018 Adem Demaçi, Albanian politician (b. 1936) *2018 Aloyzas Kveinys, Lithuanian chess player (b. 1962) *2018 María Concepción César, Argentine actress and singer (b. 1926) *2018 Anne Vermeer, Dutch politician (b. 1916) *2019 Graham Freudenberg, Australian political speechwriter (b. 1934) *2019 Jaime Lucas y Alamino, Cuban cardinal (b. 1936) *2019 Kevin Roster, American poker player (b. 1983) *2019 Russi Taylor, American voice actress (b. 1944) == Observances == * Independence Day (Liberia and Maldives) Category:Days of the year