Title: February 3 Content: ==Events== === Up to 1900 === * 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and Douce I, Countess of Provence marry, uniting the fortunes of the two states. * 1377 - Over 2,000 people in Cesena, Italy are killed by Papal troops. * 1488 - Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands at Mossel Bay in present- day South Africa, having become the first European to travel round the Cape of Good Hope. * 1690 – The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in America. * 1781 - British forces seize the Dutch-owned Caribbean island of Sint Eustatius. * 1783 – American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence. * 1809 – Illinois Territory is created. * 1815 – The first commercial cheese factory is founded (Switzerland). * 1830 - Greece's sovereignty is confirmed by the London Protocol. * 1870 – The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed. * 1900 - Governor of Kentucky William Goebel dies four days after being shot, and three days after being sworn in to office. === 1901 2000 === * 1908 - The Panathinaikos Sports Club is founded in Athens. * 1913 – The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified. It lets the Federal government create and collect income tax. * 1916 – Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Canada burn down. * 1917 – World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after Germany announces a new policy of submarine warfare. * 1918 - The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world, at 3,633 metres long. * 1930 - The Communist Party of Vietnam is founded in Kowloon, then-British Hong Kong. * 1931 - A magnitude 7.8 earthquake hits New Zealand's North Island, mainly the cities of Napier and Hastings. * 1943 - The USAT Dorchester is sunk by a German U-boat, killing 672 of the 902 men on board. * 1944 – United States troops capture the Marshall Islands. * 1945 – World War II: Soviet Union agrees to enter the Pacific Theatre fighting against Japan. * 1947 - North America's lowest temperature is recorded in Snag, Yukon, Canada. * 1952 – The earliest known tropical storm makes landfall in South Florida. * 1955 - Czechoslovakia declares an end to hostilities with Germany. * 1958 - The Benelux Economic Union is formed. * 1959 – An airplane crash kills musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper. This date becomes known as "The Day The Music Died". * 1960 - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan makes a speech in which he says that "winds of change" are blowing across the African continent. * 1961 - Start of the Angolan War of Independence. * 1966 - The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft is launched. * 1967 - In Melbourne, Ronald Ryan becomes the last person to be executed in Australia. * 1969 – In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestinian Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress. * 1972 – The first Winter Olympics to be held in Asia open in Sapporo, Japan. * 1972 - Until February 9, a blizzard in Iran kills around 4,000 people. * 1976 - In Mozambique, the capital city changes its name from Lourenco Marques to Maputo. * 1981 - Gro Harlem Brundtland is elected Prime Minister of Norway. * 1988 – The United States House of Representatives rejects President Ronald Reagan's request for $36.25 million to aid Nicaraguan Contras. * 1989 - In Paraguay, a coup removes Alfredo Stroessner from power. * 1994 - Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off on mission STS-60. * 1995 - Astronaut Eileen Collins becomes the first woman to pilot a space shuttle. * 1996 - An earthquake of magnitude 7 hits Yunnan Province, China, killing over 300 people. * 1998 – In Northern Italy 20 people die in a cable car disaster caused by a low-flying United States Military plane. * 1998 - Karla Faye Tucker is executed in Texas, as the first woman to be executed in the US since 1984. === From 2001 === * 2002 – Super Bowl XXXVI: The New England Patriots defeat the St. Louis Rams, 20–17, to win their first Super Bowl championship. * 2006 – The Egyptian al-Salam Boccaccio ferry sinks in the Red Sea, killing around 1,000 people. * 2007 - A bombing at a market in Baghdad kills 135 people. * 2008 – Super Bowl XLII: The New York Giants defeat the previously undefeated New England Patriots, 17–14, to win their third Super Bowl championship and prevent them from becoming the first 19-0 team. * 2010 - The sculpture L'homme qui marche by Alberto Giacometti is sold at an auction in London for £ 65 million. * 2011 - Tropical Cyclone Yasi hits Queensland, Australia. * 2013 - Super Bowl XLVII is interrupted by a power failure just after half time, with the Baltimore Ravens leading 28-6 over the San Francisco 49ers. After over half an hour, play gets back underway. The Baltimore Ravens later go on to win the game. * 2015 - Sergio Mattarella becomes President of Italy. * 2015 - The House of Commons of the United Kingdom, by a majority, supports the introduction of "Three-person babies". After being passed by the House of Lords, the UK would be the first country to introduce this. * 2015 - It is announced that a second novel by Harper Lee, who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, is to be published in July, called Go Set a Watchman. ==Births== === Up to 1900 === * 995 - William IV, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 1037) * 1338 – Jeanne de Bourbon, Queen of France (d. 1378) * 1654 - Pietro Antonio Fiocco, Italian composer (d. 1714) * 1677 - Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (d. 1723) * 1689 - Blas de Lozo, Spanish admiral (d. 1741) * 1721 - Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (d. 1773) * 1736 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian composer (d. 1809) * 1747 - Samuel Osgood, American patriot (d. 1813) * 1761 - Dorothea von Medem, German countess (d. 1821) * 1763 - Caroline von Wolzogen, German writer (d. 1847) * 1774 - Karl Mollweide, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1825) * 1777 - John Cheyne, British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836) * 1790 - Gideon Mantell, British geologist and physician (d. 1852) * 1795 – Antonio José de Sucre, South American independence leader (d. 1830) * 1806 - Ansel Briggs, 1st Governor of Iowa (d. 1881) * 1807 - Joseph E. Johnston, American Confederate general (d. 1891) * 1807 - Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, British general (d. 1884) * 1806 - Ansel Briggs, American politician, 6th Governor of Iowa (d. 1881) * 1808 – Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar of Eisenach, Empress of Prussia (d. 1877) * 1809 – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (d. 1847) * 1811 – Horace Greeley, American journalist, editor, and publisher (d. 1872) * 1817 - Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist and mineralogist (d. 1881) * 1821 – Elizabeth Blackwell, British-American physician (d. 1910) * 1823 - Stephen Fullerton Baird, American naturalist (d. 1887) * 1824 - Ranald MacDonald, American explorer and educator (d. 1910) * 1826 - Walter Bagehot, British journalist and businessman (d. 1877) * 1830 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903) * 1842 - Sidney Lanier, American poet and composer (d. 1881) * 1846 - Judson Harmon, Governor of Ohio and United States Attorney General (d. 1927) * 1854 - Sergei Korsahoff, Russian neuropsychiatrist (d. 1900) * 1857 - Giuseppe Moretti, Italian sculptor (d. 1935) * 1859 – Hugo Junkers, German aircraft designer (d. 1935) * 1870 – Ada Negri, Italian actress (d. 1945) * 1874 – Gertrude Stein, American writer and publicist (d. 1946) * 1878 - Gordon Coates, 21st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1943) * 1887 – Georg Trakl, Austrian writer (d. 1914) * 1889 - Risto Ryti, 5th President of Finland (d. 1956) * 1892 - Juan Negrin, Spanish politician (d. 1956) * 1894 – Norman Rockwell, American artist, illustrator (d. 1978) * 1898 – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976) * 1898 - Lil Hardin Armstrong, American jazz musician (d. 1971) * 1899 - Lao She, Chinese author and playwright (d. 1966) * 1899 - Joao Café Filho, President of Brazil (d. 1970) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 – Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, Scottish aviator (d. 1973) * 1907 – James A. Michener, American writer (d. 1997) * 1909 – Simone Weil, French philosopher (d. 1943) * 1911 – Jehan Alain, French composer (d. 1940) * 1911 - Robert Earl Jones, American actor (d. 2006) * 1912 - Jacques Soustelle, French anthropologist (d. 2006) * 1914 - Mary Carlisle, American actress * 1915 - Stuart Archer, British recipient of the George Cross (d. 2015) * 1915 – Boris Paichadze, Georgian footballer (d. 1990) * 1918 - Joey Bishop, American entertainer (d. 2007) * 1920 - Henry Heimlich, American physician (d. 2016) * 1924 - Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Hohenzollern, German aristocrat (d. 2010) * 1925 – Leon Schlumpf, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 2012) * 1925 - Shelley Berman, American actor, comedian and writer (d. 2017) * 1926 – Hans-Jochen Vogel, German politician * 1927 – Val Doonican, Irish singer and entertainer (d. 2015) * 1927 - Blas Ople, Filipino politician (d. 2003) * 1927 - Kenneth Anger, American filmmaker and writer * 1927 - Indra Bahadur Rai, Indian writer (d. 2018) * 1927 - Sarah Jiménez, Mexican artist (d. 2017) * 1928 - Ingemar Haraldsson, Swedish footballer (d. 2004) * 1932 – Michael Martin, American philosopher (d. 2015) * 1932 - Stuart Hall, Jamaican- British cultural theorist and sociologist (d. 2014) * 1933 - Paul Sarbanes, American politician (d. 2020) * 1935 - Johnny "Guitar" Watson, American musician (d. 1996) * 1937 - Jacques Barrot, French politician (d. 2014) * 1938 - Emile Griffith, American boxer (d. 2013) * 1939 - Michael Cimino, American movie director (d. 2016) * 1943 – Blythe Danner, American actress * 1943 – Dennis Edwards, American singer (The Temptations) (d. 2018) * 1943 - Shawn Philipps, American guitarist, singer and songwriter * 1947 – Dave Davies, English musician (The Kinks) * 1947 – Paul Auster, American writer * 1948 – Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, East Timorese bishop and Nobel Peace Prize winner * 1948 – Henning Mankell, Swedish writer (d. 2015) * 1950 – Morgan Fairchild, American actress === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian football manager * 1951 – Blaise Compaoré, former President of Burkina Faso * 1954 - Tiger Williams, Canadian ice hockey player * 1955 – Stephen Euin Cobb, American writer * 1955 – Bruno Pezzey, Austrian footballer (d. 1994) * 1955 – Kirsty Wark, Scottish broadcast journalist * 1956 - Nathan Lane, American actor * 1956 - Lee Ranaldo, American musician * 1958 - Joe F. Edwards, Jr., American basketball player * 1959 - Lol Tolhurst, English musician (The Cure) * 1959 - Fredric Lehne, American actor * 1960 – Joachim Löw, German football trainer * 1961 - Jay Adams, American skateboarder (d. 2014) * 1963 – Stefano Mei, Italian sportsperson (athletics) * 1964 – Michael Rummenigge, German footballer * 1965 - Maura Tierney, American actress * 1966 - Franco Coraci, American movie director * 1967 – Mixu Paatelainen, Finnish footballer and coach * 1969 - Beau Biden, American attorney and politician (d. 2015) * 1970 - Warwick Davis, British actor * 1971 – Sarah Kane, British playwright (d. 1999) * 1972 – Mart Poom, Estonian footballer * 1975 - Brad Thorn, New Zealand rugby player === From 1976 === * 1976 - Mathieu Dandenault, Canadian ice hockey player * 1976 – Isla Fisher, Australian actress * 1977 - Marek Zidlicky, Czech ice hockey player * 1977 – Daddy Yankee, Puerto Rican singer * 1978 – Joan Capdevila, Spanish footballer * 1978 - Amal Clooney, Lebanese-British lawyer and activist * 1978 - Eliza Schneider, American actress and singer * 1980 - Kim E-Z, Korean singer * 1981 - Alisa Reyes, American actress and singer * 1982 - Jessica Harp, American singer * 1982 - Bridget Regan, American actress * 1983 – Gabriel Sargissian, Armenian chess player * 1983 - Hillary Scott, American pornographic actress * 1984 - Sara Carbonero, Spanish journalist * 1985 - Sergei Kostitsyn, Belarussian ice hockey player * 1986 - Kanako Yanagihara, Japanese actress, comedian and entertainer * 1988 - Kyuhyun, South Korean singer * 1988 – Gregory van der Wiel, Dutch footballer * 1989 – Vania King, American tennis player * 1990 – Sean Kingston, American singer * 1990 - Sterling Moore, American football player * 1991 - Glenn McCuen, American actor * 1993 - Getter Jaani, Estonian actress and singer * 1993 - Mark Bennett, Scottish rugby player * 1995 - Tao Tsuchiya, Japanese actress, model and dancer ==Deaths== === Up to 1900 === * 619 - Laurence of Canterbury, 2nd Archbishop of Canterbury * 699 - Werburgh, English saint (b. 650) * 995 - William IV, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 937) * 1014 – King Sweyn I of Denmark * 1116 - King Coloman of Hungary (b. 1070) * 1399 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b. 1340) * 1428 - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (b. 1386) * 1451 – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1404) * 1468 – Johannes Gutenberg, German publisher * 1737 - Tommaso Ceva, Italian mathematician (b. 1648) * 1820 – Emperor Gia Long of Vietnam (b. 1762) * 1832 – George Crabbe, English naturalist (b. 1754) * 1862 - Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist (b. 1774) * 1867 - Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (b. 1782) * 1874 – William Charles Lunalilo, King of Hawaii (b. 1835) * 1889 – Belle Starr, American outlaw (b. 1848) * 1900 – William Goebel, 34th Governor of Kentucky (b. 1856) === 1901 2000 === * 1908 - Ferdinand Meldahl, Danish architect (b. 1827) * 1920 - Frank Brown, Governor of Maryland (b. 1846) * 1921 – Colin Archer, Norwegian shipbuilder (b. 1832) * 1922 - John Butler Yeats, Irish illustrator (b. 1839) * 1924 – Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, Nobel Peace Prize winner (b. 1856) * 1929 - Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish scientist (b. 1878) * 1935 – Hugo Junkers, German aircraft designer (b. 1859) * 1937 - Marija Leiko, Latvian movie actress (b. 1887) * 1944 - Yvette Guilbert, French cabaret singer (b. 1865) * 1945 – Roland Freisler, Nazi official (b. 1893) * 1948 - Louis J. Brann, Governor of Maine (b. 1876) * 1951 - August Horch, German engineer (b. 1868) * 1952 - Harold L. Ickes, American politician (b. 1874) * 1955 - Vasili Blokhin, Soviet general (b. 1895) (suicide) * 1956 - Johnny Claes, Belgian racing driver (b. 1916) * 1959 - "Day the Music Died": **Buddy Holly, American singer (b. 1936) **Roger Peterson, American pilot (b. 1937) **Ritchie Valens, American musician (b. 1941) **The Big Bopper, American musician (b. 1930) * 1960 – Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (b. 1921) * 1961 – Anna May Wong, American actress (b. 1905) * 1961 - William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1893) * 1967 - Joe Meek, English record producer (b. 1929) * 1969 – Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique independence founder (b. 1920) * 1969 - C. N. Annaduri, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of Madras State (b. 1909) * 1975 – Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer (b. 1904) * 1975 - William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (b. 1873) * 1985 - Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1912) * 1989 – John Cassavetes, American actor (b. 1929) * 1989 - Lionel Newman, American movie music orchestra leader and composer (b. 1916) * 1991 - Harry Ackerman, American television producer (b. 1912) * 1997 - Bohumil Hrabal, Czech writer (b. 1914) * 1998 - Karla Faye Tucker, American murderer (b. 1959) * 2000 - Alla Rakha, Indian tabla player (b. 1919) === From 2001 === * 2003 – Lana Clarkson, American actress (b. 1962) * 2004 - Jason Raize, American actor (b. 1975) * 2005 – Zurab Zhvania, Georgian politician (b. 1963) * 2005 – Ernst Mayr, German biologist (b. 1904) * 2006 - Al Lewis, American actor (b. 1923) * 2006 - Romano Mussolini, Italian pianist and artist (b. 1927) * 2011 – Edouard Glissant, French-Martinican poet (b. 1928) * 2011 – Maria Schneider, French actress (b. 1952) * 2012 – Ben Gazzara, American actor (b. 1930) * 2012 – Samuel Youd, British writer (b. 1922) * 2014 - Louise Brough, American tennis player (b. 1923) * 2014 - Richard Bull, American actor (b. 1924) * 2014 - Louan Gideon, American actress (b. 1955) * 2014 - Joan Mondale, former Second Lady of the United States (b. 1930) * 2014 - Bill Sinkin, American activist (b. 1913) * 2015 - Frank Borghi, American soccer player (b. 1925) * 2015 - Charlie Sifford, American golfer (b. 1922) * 2015 - Martin Gilbert, British historian (b. 1936) * 2015 - Mary Healy, American actress (b. 1918) * 2016 - Mark Farren, Irish footballer (b. 1982) * 2016 - Balram Jakhar, Indian politician (b. 1923) * 2016 - Saulius Sondeckis, Lithuanian violinist and conductor (b. 1928) * 2016 - Joe Alaskey, American voice actor (b. 1952) * 2016 - Big Kap, American DJ (b. 1970) * 2017 - Robert Dahlqvist, Swedish rock musician (b. 1976) * 2017 - Yoshiro Hayashi, Japanese politician (b. 1927) * 2017 - Hassan Joharchi, Iranian actor (b. 1968) * 2017 - Lou Rowan, Australian cricket umpire (b. 1925) * 2017 - Benny Perrin, American football player (b. 1959) * 2017 - John M. Hayes, American scientist (b. 1940) * 2017 - Richard Lyon, American admiral and politician (b. 1923) * 2017 - Shumon Miura, Japanese author (b. 1926) * 2018 - Michael Harner, American anthropologist and author (b. 1929) * 2018 - Dirk Bernard Joseph Schouten, Dutch economist (b. 1923) * 2018 - Hukum Singh, Indian politician (b. 1938) * 2018 - Rolf Zacher, German actor (b. 1941) == Observances == * Christian feast day: Saint Blaise (Roman Catholic Church) * Heroes' Day (Mozambique) * Veterans' Day (Thailand) * Setsubun (Japan) 02-03