Title: Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza Content: Bertrand, Prince of Brazil (born 2 February 1941, Mandelieu, France) is the head of the Vassouras branch of the House of Orléans-Braganza and claimant to the Brazilian throne as Bertrand I. The Vassouras branch claims legitimacy over the throne in opposition to the Petrópolis branch of the Orléans- Braganzas, headed by Pedro Carlos, Prince of Brazil. Though both Prince Bertrand and Prince Pedro Carlos are great-great-grandchildren of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, of the House of Braganza, they disputed leadership over Brazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute concerning their fathers, who were cousins. Prince Bertrand was born in Mandelieu, Vichy France, the second son of Pedro Henrique, Prince of Brazil, and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria. He was the third and last son of the couple to be born abroad, and came to Brazil when he was four years old. In Brazil, he graduated in law by the University of São Paulo and became a pupil of Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira and a devout member of the TFP and later of the IPCO. Prince Bertrand is an avid traditionalist conservative, anti-communist and avowedly advocate of right-wing Christian policies. Chaste, the Prince succeeded his brother as Head of the Imperial House of Brazil and it is the main activist and spokesman for the restoration of the monarchy, having gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media. He is frequently invited by public and private institutions, including the Federal Government, to participate in official events, in addition to participating in monarchical events and meetings and traveling the country in campaigns to promote the monarchy. A member of the House of Orléans-Braganza, Prince Bertrand is closely related to the Royal House of Portugal and the Royal House of France (Orleanist claimants), both by his father's lineage, and to the Royal House of Bavaria, by his mother's lineage. He is a great-gradson of both Empress Isabel of Brazil and King Ludwig III of Bavaria. ==Biography== ===Early life=== Prince Bertrand was born in Mandelieu, Vichy France, after his mother's family had been forced to leave Bavaria escaping Nazi persecution. He is the third son of Pedro Henrique, Prince of Brazil and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria, and the last of the couple's twelve children to be born abroad. His godparents were his great-uncle Prince Gennaro of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and his aunt Princess Pia Maria, Countess of Nicolaÿ. His elder brothers are, in order, Luiz, Prince of Brazil, who is the present Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family according to the Vassouras branch claim and Prince Eudes of Brazil, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilian Throne. By his father's side he is a great-grandson of Empress Isabel of Brazil while by his mother's side he is a great-grandson of King Ludwig III of Bavaria. Even though the exile imposed to the Imperial Family had already been revoked, in 1920, Bertrand's father had remained in Europe to complete his studies and find a proper wife. It was only after the Second World War that Prince Pedro Henrique, Princess Maria Elisabeth and their children were able to come to Brazil. Prince Bertrand was four years old by then. In Brazil, where the Petrópolis branch of the Imperial Family had already been living since the 1920s, the Vassouras branch settled first in the Grão-Pará Palace in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where Bertrand carried out part of his secondary studies in the jesuit St. Ignatius College. Later his family moved to Paraná, where his father bought a farm in the town pf Jacarezinho and Prince Bertrand spent his childhood. When he was 18 years old, he went to São Paulo, where he achieved a bachelor's degree in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo in 1964, eventually remaining in the city where he still lives. ===Education and positions=== From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties. His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of the Second Vatican Council, when the young prince took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. Trained in civil piloting, Prince Bertrand became a reservist of the Brazilian Air Force. He is a Traditionalist Catholic and a member of Tradition, Family and Property,"Prince Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza Visits America ", TFP.org, 30 April 2001 of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual conservative leader Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira, of whom he was a pupil, until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,"A Sour Anniversary for Brazil's Monarchists" by James Brooke, New York Times, 12 November 1989 seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal." His older brother, Prince Luiz, was also part of the organization. After the spin-off occurred in the entity, the prince and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to the Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute (IPCO) and the Founders' Association. Both, in separate statements, oppose same-sex marriage, abortion, land reform, and Bertrand often displays prejudice against Protestantism. Prince Bertrand also denounces globalism and some environmental campaigns as ecoterrorism and labels global warming an "environmental myth". He further explains that he is not against the defense of the environment, but considers that there is a certain exaggeration in the conservation mechanisms currently implemented, which he denounces as marxist and anti-Christian. Besides Portuguese, his native language, Bertrand is fluent in French and comprehends German, his mother's native language, English and Spanish. ===Later life=== Having chosen to remain chaste, Prince Bertrand is not married and has no issue, so his dynastic heir is his younger brother, Antônio, Prince Imperial of Brazil, who is married to a Belgian princess, Princess Christine of Ligne, with issue. Both he, his younger brother, Prince Antônio, are engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil."A Sour Anniversary for Brazil's Monarchists" by James Brooke, New York Times, 12 November 1989 They both played main roles during the campaign for the 1993 plebiscite, which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the republican coup d'état, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government (presidential or parliamentary) and which form of state organization (republic or constitutional monarchy) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote."1993 Brazilian Plebiscite " by Scott Bailey, UCSD1993 Human Rights Report , US State Department, 31 January 1994 In 15 July 2022, upon the death of his elder brother Luiz, Prince Bertrand became Head of the Imperial House of Brazil, a role he had already been perfoming de facto in a while. ==Roles== In recent years, Prince Bertrand is coordinator and spokesman of the movement Paz no Campo (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.Paz no campo significa “tolerância zero” com o MST e congêneres. In: Catolicismo, May 2007 On 2012, Prince Bertrand wrote a book called Psicose Ambientalista (Environmentalist Psychosis), dealing of what he calls "the hoaxes created by radical environmentalists and by eco-terrorists".ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, D. Bertrand de. Psicose Ambientalista . IPCO, 2012. Main activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Prince Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media, with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country. The Prince Imperial participates annually in public meetings with monarchists, in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private and public institutions such as the Brazilian Army, municipal governments, legislative assemblies and even the federal government, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past. On 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program on RedeTV!, gaining notoriety with the general public. On 22 September 2017 Prince Bertrand participated in the program The Noite com Danilo Gentili, currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience. In 2019 Prince Bertrand was the frontpage of the country's top newspaper, the O Estado de S. Paulo,, On speaking of tradition, conservatism and the relation between his branch of the family, the Bolsonaro clan and government. Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is politically irrelevant and has between with 11% and 32% of support among the population, according to surveys.Instituto Paraná Pesquisas ==Titles and honors== === Titles and styles === *2 February 1941 – 5 July 1981: His Highness Prince Bertrand of Brazil *5 July 1981 – 15 July 2022: His Imperial Highness The Prince Imperial of BrazilCasa Imperial do Brasil *15 July 2022 – present: His Imperial Highness The Prince of Brazil === Honors === As member of the House of Orléans-Braganza, Prince Bertrand hold the following positions: * 22px Commander-Major of the Imperial Order of ChristBUYERS, Christopher. The Royal Ark.Casa Imperial do Brasil. Biografia . * 22px Commander-Major of the Imperial Order of St. Benedict of Avis * 22px Commander-Major of the Imperial Order of Saint James of the Sword * 22px Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Dom Pedro I * 22px Grand Cross & Grand Dignitary-Major of the Imperial Order of the Rose He has decorated by the republican Brazil: * 22px: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (19 April 2013) * 22px: Commander of the Order of Naval Merit (11 June 2015) * 22px: Commander of the Order of Military Judicial Merit (1 April 2009) He received the following foreign honors: * border|22px Castroan Royal Family of Two Sicilies: Bailiff Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George * border|22px Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta * border|22px Vatican: Knight of the Order of the Holy SepulchreMARIE, Michelle (2012) (in Portuguese). Cavaleiros na Ordem Eqüestre do Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalém.