Supabase/wikipedia-en-embeddings huggingface dataset:
Title: LD50 Content: The name LD50 is an abbreviation for "Lethal Dose, 50%" or median lethal dose. It is the amount of the substance required (usually per body weight) to kill 50% of the test population. The test was created by J.W. Trevan in 1927What is an LD50 and LC50 but has been phased out. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has begun to approve non-animal alternatives to LD50, in response to research cruelty concerns and the lack of validity/sensitivity of animal tests as they relate to humans. ==Examples== * Oral LD50 of grain alcohol: 10.6 g/kg in young rats, 7.06 g/kg in aged rats.Alcohol Chemistry * Oral LD50 of nicotine: 50 mg/kg in rats. * Oral LD50 of Table Salt: 3000 mg/kg in rats * LD50 of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)Inhalation, parenteral and oral LD50 values of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Fischer rats (active ingredient found in Cannabis): Fischer rat, oral 1,270 mg/kg * LD50 of smoked and inhaled Cannabis or Marijuana: Unknown. At present it is estimated that marijuana's therapeutic index is around 1:20,000 or 1:40,000 (the "1" in the prior estimate is based on an "effective dose" of the .9 grams contained in NIDA-supplied marijuana cigarettes, although the potency of Cannabis changes based on the genetics of the source plant)What is the lethal dose of marijuana? placing its LD50 around at least 18,000g. * LD50 of Batrachotoxin: estimated at 1 to 2 µg/kg in humans. * LD50 of Polonium 210: estimated at 10 (inhaled) to 50 (ingested) nanograms in humans makes this one of the most toxic substances known. One gram in theory could poison 100 million people of which 50 million would die.
Title: Thespis Content: Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old is an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the first of their fourteen operettas. It was commissioned in 1871 by John Hollingshead, manager and owner of the Gaiety Theatre in the Strand. It was not well rehearsed, and lasted only 65 performances. It was generally well received by the critics. Thespis takes place on Mount Olympus and tells of a theatrical company which takes over the duties of the ancient Greek gods. Most of the music has been lost, making it impossible to reconstruct the operetta.
Title: Vagner da Silva Sarti Content: Vagner da Silva Sarti (born January 9, 1978) is a former Brazilian football player. ==Club statistics== |- |2001||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||3||0|||||||||||| 3||0|||||||||||| 3||0|||||||||||| |}
Title: Scinax constrictus Content: Scinax constrictus is a frog. It lives in Brazil and Bolivia.
Title: Tōtōmi Province Content: was an old province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tōtōmi" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 990. It is also known as . The province had borders with Mikawa, Suruga and Shinano Provinces. ==History== Tōtōmi was one of the original provinces of Japan established in the Nara period under the Taihō Code. In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between Kyoto and Edo. The road passed through Tōtōmi.Nussbaum, "Tōkaidō" at p. 973. In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780. ==Shrines and Temples== Oguni jinja and Kotonomamahachimangū were the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) of Tōtōmi."Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 1 ; retrieved 2012-1-24. ==Related pages== * Provinces of Japan * Prefectures of Japan * List of regions of Japan * List of islands of Japan
Title: Issamoulenc Content: Issamoulenc is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France. Category:Communes in Ardèche
Title: 2007–08 Calgary Flames season Content: The 2007-08 Calgary Flames season is the team's 27th season in the National Hockey League since the franchise relocated to Calgary.
Title: Dangerous Minds (soundtrack) Content: Dangerous Minds: Music from the Motion Picture is the official soundtrack to the 1995 movie Dangerous Minds. The album reached number one on the U.S. Billboard 200. It was certified triple platinum by the RIAA. The album contains 4 singles: Gangsta's Paradise, Feel the Funk, Curiosity, and Gin & Juice. "Gangsta's Paradise", performed by Coolio, won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== Information taken from Allmusic. *composing – Berry Gordy Jr., Frank Hudson, Alphonso Mizell, Deke Richards, Danger Jay *executive production – Jerry Bruckheimer, DeVante Swing, Don Simpson *lyricist(s) – Aaron Hall *mastering – Herb Powers *music supervisor – Kathy Nelson *performer(s) – 24K, Big Mike, Tre Black, Coolio, Craig Mack, DeVante Swing, Aaron Hall, Immature, L.V., Danger Jay, Rappin' 4-Tay, Sista, Static, Wendy & Lisa *production – Bass Mechanics, Claudio Cueni, Dalvin DeGrate, Cyrus Esteban, Evil Dee, Danger Jay, Trevor Horn, Pimp C, Michael J. Powell, Doug Rasheed, Chris Stokes, Timbaland *soundtrack coordination – Lesley Allery, Kevin Breen, Christine Edwards, Bill Green, Todd Homme, Sylvia Krask ==Charts== ===Weekly charts===  ==Certifications and sales==
Title: Rivière, Pas-de-Calais Content: thumb|90px|coat of arms Rivière, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France. Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais
Title: Wylie Gibbs Content: thumb|200px|Gibbs in 1964 Wylie Talbot Gibbs (born 26 July 1922) is an Australian politician and surgeon. He is a member of the Liberal Party. He served as a member of the House of Representatives for the Division of Bowman from 1963 to 1969. Gibbs grew up in Ipswich, Queensland. His brother, Harry, was Chief Justice of Australia from 1981 to 1987. From 1947 until her death in 2015, he was married to Audrey Wald. The couple had eight children.
Title: Joyce Vincent Content: Joyce Carol Vincent (19 October 1965 – December 2003) was an English woman whose death in her London bedsit flat went unnoticed for over two years. ==Life== Vincent was born in Hammersmith, London. Her parents were from Grenada. Her father was of African background and her mother was of Indian background. She left her job in 2001 for unknown reasons. Shortly after, she moved to a shelter for victims of domestic violence. Around the same time, she cut off nearly all contact with her close family and friends. An investigator of Vincent's case said that she had been in a relationship that had a "history of domestic violence". It has been said that she may have been ashamed of being a domestic violence victim or did not want to be found by her abuser. In February 2003, Vincent moved into a bedsit flat above a shopping centre in Wood Green, north London. It was owned by the Metropolitan Housing Trust and was used for abuse victims. ==Death== Vincent had asthma. For two days during November 2003, she was treated for a peptic ulcer at North Middlesex University Hospital. She died in her flat sometime in December 2003 at the age of 38. Her cause of death is unknown. It is thought she died from either an asthma attack or problems caused by her recent peptic ulcer. Vincent's death went unnoticed for over two years. Neighbours believed the flat to be empty. The strong smell of Vincent's decomposing body were thought to be caused by bins close by. On 25 January 2006, bailiffs forced entry into the flat and found her body. A pathologist said that Vincent was "mostly skeletal" when she was found. Her body was found with a shopping bag and wrapped Christmas presents around her. The television and heating were still running due to debt forgiveness. Her bills were being paid through automatic debit. ==In popular culture== A movie about her, Dreams of a Life (2011), was directed by Carol Morley. Actress Zawe Ashton played Vincent in the movie. Steven Wilson's fourth solo studio album, Hand. Cannot. Erase. (2015), is inspired by Vincent. Punk rock musician Alex Marshall was inspired to write a song about Vincent's life. His band later decided to change the song's title to "No One Knew" and used the song's original title, Miss Vincent, to name the band instead. The single was released in 2012.
Title: List of police forces in the United Kingdom Content: This is a list of the Police forces in the United Kingdom. == Countries == Police Officer numbers in England and Wales are at their highest ever levels. === England === right  In September 2006 police numbers in Wales were: * Police officers: 7,579 * Police Community Support Officers: 384 * Other staff: 3,767 === Scotland === right|190px Most areas of Policing in Scotland are done by the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament, but some rights remain with the Scottish Office in the UK Government. These areas include national security, terrorism, firearms and drugs. As of 1 April 2013, Policing in Scotland is the responsibility of the Police Service of Scotland. In June 2004, police numbers in Scotland were 15,714. By the end of June 2012, police numbers had risen to 17,373. This shows a 10.56% increase in police numbers over this 8 year period.Police Officer Quarterly Strength Statistics Scotland === Northern Ireland === right|120px The Royal Ulster Constabulary was formed in 1922 to police the new Northern Ireland. It was renamed in 2001 following the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 undertaken by the Patten Commission. In Northern Ireland, police powers have not been transferred to the Northern Ireland Executive as they have been in Scotland, instead they remain with the Northern Ireland Office in the UK Government. #Police Service of Northern Ireland In April 2007 police numbers in Northern Ireland were: *Police officers: 7,244 *Part time police officers: 888 *Other staff: 2,701 The Police Service of Northern Ireland does not employ Police Community Support Officers.
Title: Governor's Mansion State Historic Park Content: The California Governor's Mansion is the official residence of the governor of California. It is in Sacramento. ==History== The building was built in 1877. The estate was bought by the Californian government in 1903. It has been the executive residence for 14 governors. Since 1967 the mansion has been managed by California State Parks as the Governor's Mansion State Historic Park.
Title: Node.js Content: Node.js is a runtime system used mostly for making server side applications with JavaScript. It runs on the V8 JavaScript engine. It contains a package manager called NPM.
Title: Hamidian massacres Content: right|300px|thumb|Massacres of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895 The Hamidian massacres took place around 1895 until 1897. The estimated number of Armenians killed are around 100,000 - 300,000. These events are known by the Armenians as the "Great Massacres". The Armenians believed the Hamidian measures showed the extension of the Turkish state to do a systematic policy of murder and plunder against a small population. The Armenian revolutionary groups started around the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1878 and grew with the first introduction of Article 166 of the Ottoman Penal code 166, and the raid of Erzerum Cathedral. Article 166 was meant to control the possession of arms, but it was used to target Armenians by not letting them possess arms. Local Kurdish tribes were armed to attack the defenseless Armenian population. Some diplomats said that the aim of these groups was to commit massacres so as to show counter-measures, and to invite "foreign powers to intervene," as Istanbul's British Ambassador Sir Philip Currie seen in March 1894. Even some Turkish authors admit the that this was just a pretext for the massacres.
Title: Wind shear Content: Wind shear is a difference in either wind speed or direction over a fairly short distance in the atmosphere. Wind shear can be divided into two different types: horizontal and vertical wind shear. ==When wind shear is observed== Weather situations when the Wind shear is observed happen: *At weather fronts when the temperature difference across the front is 5 °C or more, and the front moves at 15 kt or faster. *At low level jets when a significant low level vertical wind shear can develop near the lower portion of the low level jet. *At mountains when winds blow over and create vertical shear on the lee side.National Center for Atmospheric Research. T-REX: Catching the Sierra’s waves and rotors Retrieved on 2006-10-21. *At inversions when on a clear and calm night a radiation inversion is formed near the ground. *At downbursts when an outflow boundary moves away from a thunderstorm. *At sailing when wind shear affects sailboats by presenting a different wind speed and direction at different heights along the sailing mast. ==Related pages== *Aeroplane *Refraction
Title: Murder on Dante Street Content: Murder on Dante Street  is a 1956 Soviet drama movie directed by Mikhail Romm.Актеру и режиссеру Михаилу Козакову 14 октября исполнилось бы 85 летУбийство на улице Данте It stars Yevgeniya Kozyreva, Mikhail Kozakov, and Nikolai Komissarov. == Actors == * Yevgeniya Kozyreva as Madeleine Thibault * Mikhail Kozakov as Charles Thibault, Madeleine's son * Nikolai Komissarov as Hippolyte, Madeleine's father * Maksim Shtraukh as Philipp Thibault, Madeleine's husband * Rostislav Plyatt as Grin, Madeleine's impresario
Title: North Laurel, Maryland Content: North Laurel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The published population was 4,474 at the 2010 census. North Laurel is near the City of Laurel.
Title: Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani Content: Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jeelani (; 15 September 1951 – 24 December 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He was also a member of the assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. Jeelani was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. Jeelani died in Karachi on 24 December 2020, at age 66, from COVID-19, during the pandemic in Pakistan.PPP MNA Pir Noor Muhammad Shah Jillani dies from coronavirus
Title: Henån Content: Henån is an urban area in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Orust Municipality.
Title: Marganell Content: Marganell is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. Category:Municipalities in Catalonia
Title: Second War of Scottish Independence Content: The Second War of Scottish Independence began in 1333 when Edward III of England did not accept the 1328 Treaty of Northampton any more, under which England recognised the legitimacy of the dynasty established by Robert Bruce. Edward was determined to support the claim of Edward Balliol, the son of the former king, John Balliol, over David II, Bruce's son and heir. Balliol had ruled in Scotland for a short time in the autumn of 1332, but was thrown out of the country later in the year. The war itself lasted until 1357, when David II was released from English captivity. English involvement in Scotland was also one of the factors that lead to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War with France in 1337. ==Related pages== *Wars of Scottish Independence *First War of Scottish Independence
Title: Anne-Marie Lizin Content: Anne-Marie Lizin (5 January 1949 – 17 October 2015) was a Belgian politician. He served as the President of the Senate of Belgium from 2004 to 2007. ==Career== From 1970 to 1976 she was an alderman of Ben-Ahin, and from 1980 to 1982 from Huy. From 1983 to 2009 she was mayor of Huy. In 1979, Lizin was elected as an elected Member of the European Parliament. In 1988, she was elected into the Belgian government, and served in office for eight years. In 2003, she became President of the Commission for External Relations and Defence of the Belgian Senate. In 2004, she was appointed President of the Senate of Belgium, before finally becoming Senator in July 2007. She was the first female President of the Belgian Senate (2004–2007). On 27 January 2009 she was banned from the Socialist Party after a corruption case. ==Death== Lizin was hospitalized in Paris on 7 October 2015.Anne-Marie Lizin est décédée She later died in Huy, on 17 October 2015 at the age of 66.Anne-Marie Lizin overleden
Title: Margaret of Blois Content: Margaret of Blois was Countess of Blois from 1218 until 1230. She was the daughter of Theobald V of Blois and Alix of France. Her mother was the daughter of Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Margaret was married to Otto I of Burgundy. Category:Earls and countesses Category:French nobility Category:1230 deaths
Title: Antonín Panenka Content: thumb|Signature of Antonín Panenka (2004) Antonín Panenka (born 2 December 1949) is a former Czech football player. He has played for the Czechoslovakian national team. He played most of his career for Bohemians Prague. Panenka won UEFA Euro 1976 with Czechoslovakia. In the final against West Germany, he scored the winning penalty in the shootout with a softly-chipped ball up the middle of the goal as the goalkeeper dived away; this style of penalty is now called the Panenka penalty. In 1980, he won Czechoslovak Footballer of the Year. ==Club career == An attacking midfielder known for the quality of his passing and his free kicks, Panenka played for Bohemians Praha for most of his career, joining the club in 1967. In 1981, Panenka left Bohemians for Austrian club Rapid Wien, where he won two Bundesliga titles and an Austrian Cup. In 1985 Rapid reached the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final; Panenka played as a substitute, but his side lost 3–1 to Everton. ==Panenka penalty== Panenka came to international prominence playing for Czechoslovakia at UEFA Euro 1976, where Czechoslovakia reached the final, facing West Germany. After extra time, the match finished 2–2, and so the first penalty shootout in a European Championships final ensued. The first seven kicks were converted until West Germany's fourth penalty taker, Uli Hoeneß, ballooned his shot over the bar. With the score 4–3, Panenka stepped up to take the fifth Czechoslovakian penalty, to win the match under immense pressure. He feigned shooting to the side of the goal, causing German goalkeeper Sepp Maier dive to his left, and then gently chipped the ball into the middle of the net. ==Honours== ===Club=== Rapid Wien *Austrian Bundesliga: 1982, 1983 *Austrian Cup: 1983, 1984, 1985 ===International=== ;Czechoslovakia *UEFA European Football Championship: 1976 ===Individual=== *UEFA European Football Championship Team of the Tournament: 1976 *Czechoslovak Footballer of the Year: 1980 *Golden Foot Legends Award: 2014
Title: Saint-Julien-en-Genevois Content: thumb|90px|coat of arms Saint-Julien-en-Genevois is a commune. It is in the French department of Haute-Savoie. Category:Communes in Haute-Savoie Category:Subprefectures in France
Title: 63 Building Content:  63 Building is a skyscraper on Yeouido (island) in Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul in South Korea. Despite its name, it actually has 66 floors – 63 floors above ground and 3 floors underground. Construction started in February 1980, and was completed in May 1985. At that time, the name of the building was “Daehanlife 63 Building”, but the name of this has changed to “63 City.” It was the highest building in Asia at the moment of being built. It is now the 5th highest building in even Korea – the highest building in Korea is Northeast Asia Trade Tower in Incheon. But from now on, 63 Building is known as the most famous landmark in Korea. Before it was built, South Korea was in the period of development. Therefore, it was decided to build the highest building in Asia to beat Sunshine 60 in Tokyo, Japan. There were also no buildings which were higher than 31 floors in South Korea. The process of building was chosen very fast. 63 building is actually a building for Hanhwa Group but it also has some cultural areas for visitors. Except for the top 3 floors, visitors can enjoy all of the building. There is an aquarium named “63 Sea World”, IMAX theater, and observatory with museum named “63 Sky-art.” There are also many areas like food courts and restaurants. 63 Sea World was opened at July 27th, 1985, and has over 400 species and 20,000 marine lives in there. It also has a coelcanth and oarfish. The theater in 63 Building is the first IMAX theater in Korea. The “63 Buffet Pavilion” is known as one of the greatest restaurants in Seoul. There are six elevators which were made by Mitsubishi in 63 Building, and their speed is about 540 meters per minute. It is the fastest elevator in Korea. For subway, there are two stations, Noryangjin station in Line 1 and Line 9.
Title: Tagged Image File Format Content: Tagged Image File Format (also known as TIFF) is a container format for storing images, including photographs and line art. It is now under the control of Adobe. Originally created by the company AldusVersions 4 and 5 of the TIFF specification included the sentence "This memorandum has been prepared jointly by Aldus and Microsoft in conjunction with leading scanner and printer manufacturers"; there was a TIFF co-marketing and developer support effort with Microsoft during this time, though Microsoft was not a technical contributor to the specification. Version 6 (1992) of the TIFF specification dropped the Microsoft reference. TIFF Revision 5.0 TIFF Revision 6.0 for use with what was then called "desktop publishing," TIFF is a popular format for color and black and white images. The TIFF format is widely supported by image-manipulation applications, by publishing and page layout applications, by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition and other applications. TIFF was chosen as the native format for raster graphics in the NeXTstep operating system; this TIFF support carried over into Mac OS X. Adobe Systems, which acquired Aldus, now holds the copyright to the TIFF specification. TIFF has not had a major update since 1992, though several Aldus/Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format, and several specifications, including TIFF/EP, have been based on the TIFF 6.0 specification.
Title: Stéphane Caillat Content: Stéphane Caillat (1928 – 11 September 2020) was a French composer and conductor of orchestras and choirs. He was born in Lyon, France. In 1954, he founded the choir named after him, Stéphane Caillat. In 1979, he founded the Centre d'études polyphoniques et chorales de Paris Île-de-France, which he directed for ten years. He also produced music programs for France Musique during the 1980s. Caillat died in Paris on 11 September 2020, aged 92.
Title: Stuart Hill Content: Stuart Hill is a British author who was born in 1958. in Leicester England. He has written two books in The Icemark Chronicles. They are called The Cry of the Icemark and The Blade of Fire. He is currently writing the third book called "Last Battle Of The Icemark".
Title: Ava Gardner Content: Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for acting in Mogambo (1953). She was in several popular movies during the 1950s, and got BAFTA Award nominations for her performances in Bhowani Junction (1956), On the Beach (1959) and The Night of the Iguana (1964). She is listed as one of the American Film Institute's greatest stars of all time.
Title: Theresa Randle Content: thumb|right|Theresa Randle Theresa Randle (December 27, 1964, Los Angeles) is an American movie performer who began with studies in comedy and stage. Her movies include the Bad Boys series, Maid to Order and Girl 6. ==Filmography==
Title: Cerebral infarction Content: A cerebral infarction is an area of necrotic tissue in the brain caused from a blockage or narrowing in the arteries supplying blood and oxygen to the brain. The lack of oxygen due to the low blood supply causes an ischemic stroke that can result in an infarction if the blood flow is not restored within a relatively short period of time. The blockage can be due to a thrombus, an embolus or an atheromatous stenosis of one or more arteries. Which arteries are problematic will determine which areas of the brain are affected (infarcted). These varying infarcts will produce different symptoms and outcomes. About one third will prove fatal.
Title: Fayette County, West Virginia Content: Fayette County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 46,039 people lived there. Its county seat is Fayetteville. Category:West Virginia counties
Title: Paraíba Content: Paraíba is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the easternmost point of the Americas. João Pessoa is the capital city. == Major Cities == * João Pessoa, state capital * Campina Grande * Areia * Guarabira * Patos * Sousa * Arara *Sao de Carnao == History == In the mid-1500s, Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves (today João Pessoa) at the mouth of the Paraíba do Norte River. The area was found to be perfect for making sugar. The French, the Dutch and the Portuguese all fought to have the Paraíba region to grow sugarcane in. The fortress of Santa Catarina, near João Pessoa, was built to protect the city from the Dutch. In late 1989 a team looking for gemstone and led by Heitor Dimas Barbosa found what some people believe are the best tourmaline crystals ever found. Copper in the crystals gives the tourmalines a bright turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems. The mountains have been searched after this, but no more crystals have been found. == Flag == The word nego is Portuguese for "I deny". It refers to protests in the 1920s in Paraíba against Júlio Prestes becoming the President of Brazil. State president João Pessoa supported these protests. João Pessoa joined the alliance to the overthrow of the federal government. This group caused Getúlio Vargas to become president. The rebellion lead to João Pessoa being killed. The official government site of the state of Paraíba says that the red is for the blood of the assassination of João Pessoa. The black is for the mourning after the assassination.
Title: Pelago Content: thumb|250px|Sant'Ellero railway station Pelago is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany. Category:Settlements in Tuscany
Title: British Rail Class 311 Content: The British Rail Class 311 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by Cravens at Sheffield in 1967. They were intended for use on the line from Glasgow Central to Gourock and Wemyss Bay, which was electrified in 1967. 311
Title: Epsom Content: Epsom is a town in northern Surrey. The town is known for its race course and the horse race held there. It is owned by the Jockey Club, it is one of few racecourses in the UK that maintains a fantastic relationship with Queen Elizabeth, who attends annually to watch The Derby in early June. The first recorded race held at Epsom Downs Racecourse was in 1661. The Epsom Grandstand Association controlled racing on the course from the mid 19th century. The town also gives it name to epsom salts which are found in mineral water here. By the end of the Georgian period (early 1800s) Epsom was a spa town. After the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 its popularity increased, and visitors included Nell Gwyn and Samuel Pepys. The popularity of the spa declined after about 1725, but by then numerous large houses had been built by wealthy people who appreciated the nearness to London. Assembly rooms were built and still stand as the Assembly Rooms public house. Some remains of this are its water pump, wells and exhibits in the town's museum. A housing estate has been built upon the wells in the south-west of the town.
Title: Penal colony Content: A penal colony is a settlement used to hold prisoners and use them for working in part of the state's (usually colonial) territories. This is much bigger than a prison farm. A famous penal colony was Devil's Island in French Guiana. The British Empire used its colonies in North America as penal colonies for more than 150 years. The first British settlements in Australia were started as penal colonies. ==Common Features== Life in penal colony was often very hard, sometimes including severe physical punishment. Some prisoners were sentenced for the rest of their natural lives. Many died from hunger, disease, neglect, working too hard, or trying to escape. In the penal colony system, prisoners were sent far away to stop escapes and to make it hard to get home after their prison term finished. Penal colonies were often in unsettled lands, especially places where no else wanted to work or live. The prisoners' unpaid work would help the government develop new areas without spending a lot of money. ==British Empire== The British used parts of North America as a penal colony. Convicts would be transported by private companies and sold by auction to plantation owners. About 50,000 British convicts were sent to colonial America. This was about one quarter of British settlers during the 1700s. After the American Revolution, Britain had to find somewhere else to send its prisoners. They established Sydney, Norfolk Island, Van Diemen's Land and Western Australia as big penal colonies. In colonial India, the British had made various penal colonies. Two of the most infamous ones are on the Andaman islands and Hijli Detention Camp. In the early days of settlement, Singapore was sent Indian convicts. Their job was to clear the jungles for settlement and early public works. ==Related pages== * Convict * Prison
Title: Kim Chungyum Content: Kim Chung-yum (; 3 January 1924 – 25 April 2020) was a South Korean politician. Working for President Park Chung-hee, he was the longest serving chief presidential secretary in South Korean history from 1969 to 1979. He also was Minister of Finance and Minister of Commerce and Industry from in 1966 and from 1967 to 1969. From 1979 to 1980, he was an Ambassador to Japan. Kim was a member of the Democratic Republican Party. Kim died on 25 April 2020, aged 96.김정렴 전 비서실장 별세···"차지철도 꼼짝못한 박정희정부 실세"
Title: Chicago River Content: thumb|right|220px|A view of the river The Chicago River is 156 miles long (251 km) and goes through the city of Chicago, Illinois, including the center of the city (the Chicago Loop). The river is not long, but it is known for being the reason why Chicago became an important place, as the connection between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways. The river is the only river in the world to be reversed (which is, made to flow backwards, in the opposite of its natural direction) by civil engineering. ==History== thumb|left|200px|The river during nighttime In the 19th century through civil engineering, the flow of the river was reversed to head toward the Mississippi River basin, away from Lake Michigan. This was done for reasons of sanitation through the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The Chicago River is also noted for the local custom of dyeing it green on St. Patrick's Day. The river is controlled for boats or ships going through the river. thumb|right|200px|The river going to the center of the city The river is memorialized, in part, by two horizontal blue stripes on the Municipal Flag of Chicago. The river also serves as inspiration for one of Chicago's symbols: a three-branched, Y-shaped symbol (called the municipal device) is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago; it represents the three branches of the Chicago River. ==Main Stem== The Main Stem flows 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west from the direction at Lake Michigan; passing under the Outer Drive, Columbus Drive, Michigan Avenue, Wabash Avenue, State Street, Dearborn Street, Clark Street, La Salle Street, Wells Street, and Franklin Street bridges en route to the North Branch at Wolf Point. At McClurg Court it passes the Nicholas J Melas Centennial Fountain, which was built in 1989 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago; between May and October the fountain sends an arc of water over the river for ten minutes every hour. For the Chicago Cubs rally and parade for their 2016 World Series Championship celebrations, the river was dyed Cubs blue. ===North bank=== On the north bank of the river, near the Chicago Landmark Michigan Avenue Bridge, is Pioneer Court, which marks the site where Jean Baptiste Point du Sable came to Chicago. Point du Sable is known as the founder of Chicago. On the south bank of the river is the site of Fort Dearborn. Well known buildings surrounding this area include the NBC Tower, the Tribune Tower, and the Wrigley Building. ===Center=== The river turns slightly to the south west between Michigan Avenue and State Street, passing the Trump International Hotel and Tower, 35 East Wacker, and 330 North Wabash. Turning west again the river passes Marina City, the Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building, Merchandise Mart, and 333 Wacker Drive.
Title: IRCd Content: An IRCd, meaning Internet Relay Chat server program, is a program, server software that uses the IRC protocol. This allows people to talk to each other on the Internet. They exchange textual messages in real time. The server accepts connections from IRC clients on a group of TCP ports. When the server is part of an IRC network, it also keeps one or more connections with other servers/daemons.IRCD FAQ on irc.org The word ircd once referred to only one piece of software. ==Related pages== * Comparison of Internet Relay Chat daemons
Title: Federico Campbell Content: Federico Campbell (1 July 1941 - 15 February 2014) was a Mexican author, reporter and journalist. Born in Tijuana he gained success after moving to Mexico City. ==Biography== Campbell was born on 1 July 1941 in Tijuana, Baja California. Campbell was the son of Carmen Quiroz, a teacher, and Federico Campbell, a telegraph operator. His father's Scottish-American ancestors migrated to Mexico from Virginia in the 1830s. He had two sisters Sarina and Silvia Campbell Quiroz. He was best known for the short story collection Tijuanenses (Tijuana: Stories on the Border). In 2000, he won the Colima Prize for Fiction with his book Transpeninsular. In 1995, he was awarded the J. S. Guggenheim Fellowship. He has translated Harold Pinter, David Mamet and Leonardo Sciascia into Spanish. He also had one son, Federico Campbell Peña who, like his father, is a writer and a journalist. Campbell died from a stroke on 15 February 2014 in Mexico City. He was 72. ==Works== * Pretexta (1979) * Todo lo de las focas (1982; All about Seals) * Tijuanenses (1989; Tijuana: Stories on the Border, 1995) * La memoria de Sciascia (1989; Sciascia's Memory) * La invención del poder (1994; The Invention of Power) * Post scriptum triste (1994) * Máscara negra (1995; Black Mask) * Transpeninsular (2000) * La clave Morse (2001; The Morse Code) * El imperio del adiós (2002; The Empire of Farewell).
Title: Hanif Mohammad Content: Hanif Mohammad (, born 21 December 1934 in Junagadh State - 11 August 2016) was a former Pakistan cricketer. He died on August 11, 2016 in Karachi. Category:Pakistani cricketers Category:1934 births Category:2016 deaths
Title: Savo Milošević Content: Savo Milošević (born 2 September 1973) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team. ==Club career statistics== |- |1992/93||rowspan="3"|Partizan||rowspan="3"|First League||31||14 |- |1993/94||32||30 |- |1994/95||35||30 |- |1995/96||rowspan="3"|Aston Villa||rowspan="3"|Premier League||37||12 |- |1996/97||30||9 |- |1997/98||23||7 |- |1998/99||rowspan="2"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="2"|La Liga||35||17 |- |1999/00||37||20 |- |2000/01||rowspan="2"|Parma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||21||8 |- |2001/02||10||1 |- |2001/02||Real Zaragoza||La Liga||16||6 |- |2002/03||Espanyol Barcelona||La Liga||34||12 |- |2003/04||Celta Vigo||La Liga||37||14 |- |2004/05||rowspan="3"|Osasuna||rowspan="3"|La Liga||27||6 |- |2005/06||32||11 |- |2006/07||23||4 |- |2008||Rubin Kazan||Premier League||16||3 98||74 90||28 241||90 31||9 16||3 476||204 |} ==International career statistics== |- |1994||1||0 |- |1995||7||4 |- |1996||7||5 |- |1997||9||5 |- |1998||11||2 |- |1999||7||4 |- |2000||12||6 |- |2001||8||5 |- |2002||9||1 |- |2003||10||1 |- |2004||7||2 |- |2005||8||0 |- |2006||5||0 |- |2007||0||0 |- |2008||1||2 |- !Total||102||37 |}
Title: Hermann Tilke Content: thumb|right Hermann Tilke (born December 31, 1954 in Olpe German) is an architect and designer of Formula One motor racing circuits. He is also an auto racer. == Racing == During the 1980s, Tilke competed in touring car racing. Most of his racing was on the old Nürburgring Nordschleife circuit. He also competed in VLN endurance racing and 24 Hours Nürburgring. He and Dirk Adorf won some VLN races with a V8Star Series in 2003 and 2004. == Architecture == Tilke established Tilke Engineering in 1984 to combine the skills in architecture, civil engineering and electronic engineering. Tilke Engineering provides complete solutions for motor racing and waste disposal projects. His first large job was in Austria, in the 1990s. He made a major redesign of the fast Österreichring, and created the much shorter A1-Ring. Tilke made changes to many established F1 circuits. Because of this, Tilke was able to earn the contracts to design many of new new, high-profile circuits from scratch. Tilke's trademark of circuit design is a mixture long straight and tight hairpins. These are intended to encourage overtaking. == Criticism == Tilke's circuits have been criticized for producing uninteresting races. He has been accused of "slowly killing" Formula One. ==List of Circuits== Tilke has design many high-profile new world circuits from scratch. These include: *1998 Sepang International Circuit, Malaysia *2004 Bahrain International Circuit, Bahrain *2004 Shanghai International Circuit, China *2005 Istanbul Park Racing Circuit, Turkey *2006 Cancun, Mexico *Undeveloped *2006 Beijing International Streetcircuit, China *2008 Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore *concept design *2007 Bucharest Ring, Romania *2008 Swedbank kartodroms, Latvia *2008 Valencia Street Circuit, Spain *2008 Jakarta Street Circuit, Indonesia *2009 Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi-United Arab Emirates *2009 Motorland Aragón, Alcaniz, Spain (MotoGP venue) *2010 Korean International Circuit, South Korea *2010 Moscow Raceway, Russia (Planned MotoGP Venue) *2010 Kazakhstan Motor City, Republic of Kazakhstan *2010 Atlanta Motorsports Park, United States of America (under construction) *2011 Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida, India *2012 Circuit of the Americas, United States of America (under development)
Title: Birgitz Content: Birgitz is a municipality of the district Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol. In 2020, 1,488 people lived there.
Title: Chomo Lonzo Content: thumb|Chomo Lonzo (on the far right), with Lhotse, Everest, and Makalu Chomo Lonzo is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. It has three different summits. These are the main (or South) peak , central peak , and North peak . It is the 24th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top of the main peak were Jean Couzy and Lionel Terray, in 1954.
Title: Richard Madeley Content: thumb|Richard Madeley in 2012|220px|right Richard Holt Madeley (born 13 May 1956) is an English journalist, television presenter and writer. Along with his spouse Judy Finnigan, he presented ITV breakfast shows This Morning, Good Morning Britain, Channel 4 talk show Richard and Judy and Channel 5's The Wright Stuff. Madeley's solo projects include the ITV series Fortune: Million Pound Giveaway and his stand-in for The Chris Evans Breakfast Show on BBC Radio 2. Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:English journalists Category:English television presenters
Title: 2019–20 Perth Glory FC season Content: The 2019–20 Perth Glory FC season is the club's 23rd season since it began in 1996. It's in the A league. Category:2019 in association football Category:Football seasons Category:2019–20 in European football
Title: Mortal Thoughts Content: Mortal Thoughts is a 1991 American mystery crime thriller movie which stars Demi Moore, Bruce Willis and Harvey Keitel. Willis plays a deranged and violent husband who is murdered one night; Moore plays Cynthia (who gets interrogated); Keitel plays a detective in this movie.
Title: Plectrohyla calvata Content: The Plectrohyla calvata is a frog that lives in Honduras. Scientists have seen it between 1900 and 2500 meters above sea level in cloud forests. ==First paper== *
Title: Pougny Content: Pougny is the name of two communes in France. * Pougny, Ain * Pougny, Nièvre
Title: Porsgrunn Content: Porsgrunn is a city and a municipality in Vestfold and Telemark County in South-Eastern Norway. The city is divided into two parts by the river Skienselva. There is also a big industrial island called Herøya which is the back bone for the city. == History == The tradition of industry goes back far, and the most known factory from Porgrunn is "Porsgrund porselænsfabrik" established in 1885. These days the factory has been turned into a small shopping center with a gym and thousands of squarefeet of office spaces. thumb|Porsgrunn porcelain factory Area: 161 km2 Population: 36224
Title: Beloit, Wisconsin Content: Beloit is a city in southern Wisconsin near the Illinois border just north of Rockford, Illinois. The city has two colleges: Blackhawk Technical College and Beloit College. Beloit is located on the north side of the border between Wisconsin and Illinois.
Title: Brian Hitchen Content: Brian Hitchen, CBE (8 July 1936 - 2 December 2013) was a British newspaper editor. Late in his career, he worked as a publisher.Obituary: Brian Hitchen, telegraph.co.uk, 3 December 2013 An incident with a car while crossing the road near Alicante, in Spain, led to his wife being killed instantly, while Hitchen himself died from his injuries a few hours later.Roy Greenslade
Title: Colin Covert Content: Colin Covert is an American movie critic, historian, and journalist. He worked as a critic for the Minneapolis Star Tribune. In December 2018, Covert resigned from the Tribune after he was accused of plagiarism.Star Tribune film critic resigns amid evidence of plagiarism Covert was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He studied at Macalester College. He was raised in Minnesota. Covert now lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Title: PMMP Content: PMMP is a Finnish pop rock band. The band has two singers: Paula Vesala and Mira Luoti and three musicians Mikko Virta, Juho Vehmanen and Heikki Kytölä. The band writes their own songs with Jori Sjöroos. PMMP became popular in Finland in 2003, with the song Rusketusraidat. Their biggest hit is a song called Oo siellä jossain mun. In November 2007, PMMP released their fourth album Puuhevonen which has songs for children. == The members of PMMP == *Paula Vesala, December 10, 1981 *Mira Luoti, February 28, 1978 *Mikko Virta, March 22, 1982 *Juho Vehmanen, March 31, 1981 *Heikki Kytölä, October 14, 1981 == Discography == === Albums === *Kuulkaas enot! (#6) 2003 *Kovemmat kädet (#2) 2005 *Kovemmat kädet (Kumipainos) 2005 *Leskiäidin tyttäret (#1) 2006 *Puuhevonen (-) 2007 *Veden varaan (2009) *Rakkaudesta (2012) *Matkalaulu (2013) === Singles === *Rusketusraidat (#1) 2003 *Niina (promo only) 2003 *Joutsenet (#8) 2003 *Päiväkoti (#13) 2005 *Oo siellä jossain mun (promo only) 2005 *Matkalaulu (promo only) 2005 *Pikkuveli (promo only) 2005 *Henkilökohtaisesti 2006 *Tässä elämä on (radio only) 2006 *Joku raja (#1) 2007 *Kesäkaverit 2007 *Täti Monika 2007 *Atsipoppaa 2008 *Viimeinen valitusvirsi 2009 *Lautturi 2009 *Pariterapiaa 2009 *Lapsuus loppui 2009 *Heliumpallo 2012 *Rakkaalleni 2012 *Tytöt 2012 *Pahvinaamari 2012 *Valloittamaton 2013 === Music Videos === *Rusketusraidat 2003 *Joutsenet 2003 *Päiväkoti 2005 *Matkalaulu 2005 *Pikkuveli 2005 *Henkilökohtaisesti 2006 *Tässä elämä on 2006 *Joku raja 2006
Title: Al Seckel Content: Alfred Paul "Al" Seckel (September 3, 1958 - 2015) was an American writer and sceptic. He was best known for helping to make optical illusions popular worldwide. He wrote around twenty books between the 1980s and 2000s. Seckle was born in New York City and grew up in New Rochelle, New York. His mother was composer Ruth Schönthal (1924-2006). He was of Jewish ancestry. He had one daughter, born in 1987. He was an atheist. Seckle died in September 2015 near his home in France, aged 57.
Title: Kirriemuir Content: Kirriemuir is a small town in the northeast of Scotland. It is "famous" for Kirriemuir Gingerbread cake, the birthplace of J. M. Barrie and Bon Scott, lead singer of AC/DC. It has an ice cream shop called Visochi's, famous for cooking its fry ups using a toastie maker. Category:Towns in Scotland
Title: Ayette Content: Ayette is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas- de-Calais department in the north of France. == Population ==
Title: Vordemwald Content: Vordemwald is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. thumb|left|250px|Vordemwald
Title: Mishki versus Yudenich Content: Mishki versus Yudenich  is a 1925 Soviet silent comedy movie directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg.«Лев Толстой» Сергея Герасимова — на большом экране в МосквеМИШКИ ПРОТИВ ЮДЕНИЧА It stars Alexander Zavyalov, Polina Pona, and Sergei Gerasimov. ==Actors== * Alexander Zavyalov as Mishka, paperboy * Polina Pona as white spy * Sergei Gerasimov * Andrei Kostrichkin * Yevgeny Kumeyko as General Yudenich * Emil Gal as photographer
Title: List of vice presidents of the Philippines Content: thumb|right|The official seal of the Vice-President of the Philippines This is a complete list of vice-presidents of the Philippines, who were inaugurated as Vice-President of the Philippines following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declared the existence of the Philippines. ==Key== The colors indicate the political party affiliation of each individual.
Title: Tilly-sur-Seulles Content: Tilly-sur-Seulles is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Title: People Before Profit Content: 250px|right People Before Profit (PBP) is a minor political party in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. They are neutral on whether Northern Ireland should join the Republic of Ireland or stay in the United Kingdom and are on the left wing, supporting socialism. They have 4 out of 160 seats in the Dáil Éireann and 1 of 90 seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Title: Detective Didi Content: Detective Didi is an Detective Indian television series that premiered on 9 December 2017 and airs on zee TV The series is produced by Trilogy Krikos Production. It Stars Sonia Balani and Manish Golpania in Lead roles.
Title: Pan American Cycling Championships Content: The Pan American Road and Track Championships are the continental cycling championships for road bicycle racing and track cycling held annually for member nations of the Pan American Cycling Confederation. Riders competing in the Pan American Cycling Championships are selected by the national governing body.
Title: Personal Independence Payment Content: Personal Independence Payment is a Social Security benefit for disabled people over 16 in the United Kingdom. It was started in 2013, replacing Disability Living Allowance for people over 16. It is tax free. It is for people in or out of work. To get it people must be between 16 and State Pension age and living in the UK. They do not need to have paid any National Insurance Contributions. They have to show that they: * have had difficulties with daily living or getting around (or both) for at least 3 months * expect these difficulties to continue for at least 9 months (unless they are expected to have less than 6 months to live) Each component (part) can be paid at either a standard or enhanced (higher) rate. The ‘daily living component’ is for extra help needed with everyday tasks: * preparing food * eating and drinking * managing medical treatments * washing and bathing * managing toilet needs or incontinence * dressing and undressing * speaking and listening * reading and understanding written information * mixing with other people * making decisions about money There is a check, normally by telephone. Claimants are given a score for each task. 8 to 11 points for daily living gives the lower rate, £68.10. 12 points or more gives the higher rate, £101.75. The ‘mobility component’ is for extra help needed getting around. This includes moving, planning a journey or following a route. 8 to 11 points gives the lower rate, £26.90. 12 or more gives the higher rate, £71.00. People who get the enhanced mobility rate can use it to get a car or wheelchair under the Motability scheme. These amounts are weekly rates for 2023/4.