Title: 19th century Content: The 19th century was the century from 1801 to 1900. Most of this century is normally called the Victorian period because Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom. The Industrial Revolution started in this century in most western countries. George Burns was also born in the 19th century until he died at the age of 100 in 1996. ==Featured characters at the 19th century== * John Tenniel (February 28, 1820 - February 25, 1914) - the creators of Gary Manfield, first appearance in January 1, 1841. * Mark Twain (November 30, 1835 - April 21, 1910) - the creators of Rosie the Mouse, first appearance in January 1, 1855. * Thomas Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) - the creators of Chowder, first appearance in January 1, 1878. ==Religion== * 1830: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is established on 6 April 1830. * 1844: Persian Prophet the Báb announces his revelation on 23 May, founding Bábism. He announced to the world of the coming of "He whom God shall make manifest". He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith. * 1848: The Christadelphians founded by John Thomas (Christadelphian). * 1871–1878: In Germany, Otto von Bismarck challenged the Catholic Church in the Kulturkampf ("Culture War") * 1879: Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist. * 1879: first issue of "The Watchtower", a religious magazine currently published and distributed by the Jehovah's Witnesses * 1889: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad establishes the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, a reform sect of Islam. * 1891: Pope Leo XIII launches the encyclical Rerum novarum, the first major Catholic document on social justice ==Culture== * 1808: Beethoven composes Fifth Symphony * 1812: Brothers Grimm fairy tale edition writes his Snow White. * 1812: Charles Perrault and Brothers Grimm - two princesses characters including Snow White and Cinderella meet for the first time. * 1813: The first 6 year old child little pink princess Lola Loud, from two princesses characters Snow White and Cinderella. * 1813: Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice * 1818: Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein. * 1819: John Keats writes his odes of 1819. * 1819: Théodore Géricault paints his masterpiece The Raft of the Medusa, and exhibits it in the French Salon of 1819 at the Louvre. * 1824: Premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. * 1829: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres. * 1837: Charles Dickens publishes Oliver Twist. * 1841: Ralph Waldo Emerson publishes Self-Reliance. * 1845: Frederick Douglass publishes Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. * 1847: The Brontë sisters publish Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey. * 1849: Josiah Henson publishes The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself. * 1851: Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick. * 1851: Sojourner Truth delivers the speech Ain't I a Woman?. * 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin. * 1855: Walt Whitman publishes the first edition of Leaves of Grass. * 1855: Frederick Douglass publishes the first edition of My Bondage and My Freedom. * 1862: Victor Hugo publishes Les Misérables. * 1865: Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. * 1869: Leo Tolstoy publishes War and Peace. * 1875: Georges Bizet's opera Carmen premiers in Paris. * 1876: Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle is first performed in its entirety. * 1883: Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island is published. * 1884: Mark Twain publishes the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. * 1886: "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" by Robert Louis Stevenson is published. * 1887: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle publishes his first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet. * 1889: Vincent van Gogh paints The Starry Night. * 1889: Moulin Rouge opens in Paris. * 1892: Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite premières in St Petersberg. * 1894: Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book is published * 1895: Trial of Oscar Wilde and premiere of his play The Importance of Being Earnest. * 1897: Bram Stoker writes Dracula. * 1900: L. Frank Baum publishes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. ===Music=== Sonata form matured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. Much of the music from the 19th century was referred to as being in the Romantic style. Many great composers lived through this era such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Richard Wagner. The list includes: *Mily Balakirev *Ludwig van Beethoven *Hector Berlioz *Georges Bizet *Alexander Borodin *Johannes Brahms *Anton Bruckner *Frédéric Chopin *Claude Debussy *Antonín Dvořák *Mikhail Glinka *Edvard Grieg *Scott Joplin *Alexandre Levy *Franz Liszt *Gustav Mahler *Felix Mendelssohn *Modest Mussorgsky *Jacques Offenbach *Niccolò Paganini *Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov *Gioachino Rossini *Anton Rubinstein *Camille Saint-Saëns *Antonio Salieri *Franz Schubert *Robert Schumann *Alexander Scriabin *Arthur Sullivan *Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky *Giuseppe Verdi *Richard Wagner and many more. ==Decades and years==  ===Significant People=== *Bela Bartok *Clara Barton *Otto von Bismarck *Ludwig van Beethoven *Alexander Graham Bell *Alban Berg *Simón Bolívar *John Wilkes Booth *Johannes Brahms *Luigi Cherubini *Frederic Chopin *Empress Dowager Cixi *Muzio Clementi *Leon Czolgosz *Claude Debussy *Frederick Douglass *Antonín Dvořák *Thomas Edison *Albert Einstein *Friedrich Engels *Robert Ford *Charles J. Guiteau *Jesse James *Abraham Lincoln *Franz Liszt *David Livingstone *Karl Marx *Henry McCarty (Billy the Kid) *Felix Mendelssohn *John Stuart Mill *Napoleon I *Franz Schubert *Robert Schumann *Johann Strauss II *Richard Strauss *Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky *Harriet Tubman *Giuseppe Verdi *Richard Wagner