Title: July 3 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 323 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine the Great defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium * 533 – Battle of the Tenth Milestone: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals near Carthage. * 987 – Hugh Capet was crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty which ruled France till the French Revolution in 1792. * 1035 - William the Conqueror becomes Duke of Normandy. * 1250 – Louis IX of France is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself. * 1608 – Quebec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain. * 1721 - Norwegian Christian missionary Hans Egede arrives in Greenland expecting to convert descendants of Vikings, not knowing of their mysterious disappearance from there. Instead he converts local Inuit to Christianity. * 1754 – George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces during the French and Indian War. He is allowed to retain his colors and march out of the fort with full honors the following day. * 1767 - Norway's oldest newspaper in print, Addresseavisen, is first published. * 1775 - American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts. * 1778 - American Revolutionary War: British forces kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley Massacre. * 1836 - Wisconsin becomes a separate US territory from the Michigan territory. * 1844 – The last pair of Great Auks is killed in Iceland. * 1848 - Slaves are freed in the Danish West Indies (now US Virgin Islands) by Peter Scholten. * 1849 - The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX. * 1863 – American Civil War: The final and bloodiest day of the Battle of Gettysburg, and the fall of the besieged Vicksburg to Ulysses S. Grant in Pickett's Charge. * 1866 – Austro-Prussian War is decided at Battle of Königgratz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria. * 1880 - Thomas Edison founds the Science magazine. * 1884 - Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average. * 1886 - Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen - the first purpose-built automobile. * 1890 – Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state. * 1898 - Spanish-American War: The Spanish fleet, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete is destroyed by the United States Navy at Santiago de Cuba. === 1901 2000 === * 1938 – World record for a steam railway locomotive is set in England, by the "Mallard", which reaches a speed of 203 km/h (126 mph). * 1940 - World War II: In order to stop the ships from falling into German hands, the French fleet of the Atlantic based near El Kebir is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar. * 1944 - World War II: Minsk is liberated from Nazi control by Soviet troops during Operation Bagration. * 1952 - The Constitution of Puerto Rico is accepted by the United States Congress. * 1953 – Austrian Hermann Buhl climbs the Himalayan peak Nanga Parbat, at an elevation of 8,125 metres. * 1962 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American player to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. * 1964 – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits segregation in public places. * 1969 - The biggest-ever rocket explosion occurs when the Soviet N-1 rocket explodes and destroys its Launchpad. * 1970 – A British chartered jetliner crashes near Barcelona, Spain, killing 112 * 1976 – Adolfo Suárez is chosen by King Juan Carlos I of Spain to lead a transitional government as Prime Minister of Spain. * 1976 – Israeli commandos rescue 105 hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda. * 1988 – United States Navy warship USS Vincennes shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard. * 1996 – The Stone of Scone is returned to Scotland. === From 2001 === * 2001 – A Vladivostokavia Tupolev TU-154 jetliner crashes on approach to landing at Irkutsk, Russia killing 145 people. * 2004 – Official opening of Bangkok's subway system. * 2004 – At Wimbledon, Maria Sharapova, then-aged 17, wins her first singles' tennis title, defeating Serena Williams in the final. * 2005 – Same-sex marriage is legalised in Spain. * 2011 – Novak Djokovic wins his first Wimbledon singles' title, defeating Rafael Nadal in a four-set match. * 2013 - King Albert II of Belgium announces his abdication from the throne. His son becomes King Philippe of Belgium on July 21. * 2013 - President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi is overthrown in a military coup after widespread protests. * 2016 - A series of terrorist bombings in Baghdad results in 213 people being killed. * 2017 - A bus crashes into a lorry in Northern Bavaria, Germany, and bursts into flames, killing 18 people. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1421 - Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, Italian banker and patron of the arts (d. 1463) * 1423 – King Louis XI of France (d. 1483) * 1442 – Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1500) * 1518 - Li Shizhen, Chinese physician (d. 1593) * 1590 - Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana, Italian singer, organist and composer (d. 1662) * 1676 - Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1747) * 1709 - Wilhelmine of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d. 1758) * 1728 – Robert Adam, Scottish architect (d. 1792) * 1738 – John Singleton Copley, American painter (d. 1815) * 1743 – Sophia Magdalena of Denmark, Queen Consort of Sweden (d. 1813) * 1789 - Johann Friedrich Overbeck, German painter (d. 1869) * 1844 - Dankmar Adler, German-American architect (d. 1900) * 1846 - Achilles Alferaki, Russian-Greek composer (d. 1919) * 1848 - Lothar von Trotha, Prussian military officer (d. 1920) * 1854 – Leoš Janáček, Czech composer (d. 1928) * 1860 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American sociologist and author (d. 1935) * 1863 - Ciro Luis Urriola, 8th President of Panama (d. 1922) * 1866 - Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (d. 1906) * 1869 - Svend Kornbeck, Danish actor (d. 1933) * 1870 – Richard Bedford Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947) * 1874 - Jean Collas, French rugby player (d. 1928) * 1875 – Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (d. 1951) * 1876 - Ralph Barton Perry, American philosopher (d. 1957) * 1876 - Robert Knud Richard Pilger, German botanist (d. 1953) * 1878 - George M. Cohan, American actor, singer and dancer (d. 1942) * 1883 – Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (d. 1924) * 1886 - Harmodio Arias Madrid, 15th President of Panama (d. 1962) * 1888 - Ramon Gomez de la Serna, Spanish playwright (d. 1963) * 1893 – Mississippi John Hurt, American musician (d. 1966) * 1899 - Ernst Fischer, Austrian journalist, writer and politician (d. 1972) * 1900 - Alessandro Blasetti, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1987) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 – Ace Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1992) * 1906 – George Sanders, Russian-born English actor (d. 1972) * 1908 – M. F. K. Fisher, American writer (d. 1992) * 1908 - Robert B. Meyner, American politician, 44th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1990) * 1909 – Stavros Spiros Niarchos, Greek ship owner (d. 1996) * 1910 - Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1954) * 1913 – Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist, and television personality (d. 1965) * 1916 - John Kundla, American basketball player and coach (d. 2017) * 1917 - Joao Saldanha, Brazilian footballer, coach and journalist (d. 1990) * 1918 - S. V. Ranga Rao, Indian actor, director and producer (d. 1974) * 1921 - Susan Peters, American actress (d. 1952) * 1921 - François Reichenbach, French director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1993) * 1922 – Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, Dutch artist (d. 2010) * 1924 – S. R. Nathan, 6th President of Singapore (d. 2016) * 1926 - Laurence Street, Australian jurist (d. 2018) * 1927 – Ken Russell, English director (d. 2011) * 1928 – Günter Bruno Fuchs, writer (d. 1977) * 1928 - Jan Machulski, Polish actor (d. 2008) * 1930 – Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 2004) * 1932 - Alexander Schalck- Golodkowski, German politician (d. 2015) * 1934 – Manfred Bieler, writer * 1935 - Cheo Feliciano, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter (d. 2014) * 1935 – Harrison Schmitt, American astronaut * 1937 – Tom Stoppard, Czech-born playwright * 1938 - Martin Brandtner, American Marine Corps general (d. 2017) * 1939 – Brigitte Fassbaender, German mezzo-soprano * 1939 - Laszlo Kovacs, Hungarian politician * 1939 - Angelo Sormani, Brazilian footballer * 1940 - Fontella Bass, American singer-songwriter (d. 2012) * 1940 – Jerzy Buzek, Polish politician, former Prime Minister of Poland * 1940 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1994) * 1942 - Robert Dugard, English speedway rider (d. 2018) * 1942 - Eddy Mitchell, French singer-songwriter and actor * 1943 - Kurtwood Smith, American actor * 1943 - Norman Thagard, American astronaut * 1944 - Michel Polnareff, French singer-songwriter * 1945 – Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn, Scottish politician, former Speaker of the UK House of Commons (d. 2018) * 1946 – Leszek Miller, former Prime Minister of Poland * 1946 - Michael Shea, American author (d. 2014) * 1947 – Dave Barry, American writer * 1947 – Betty Buckley, American actress * 1947 - Rob Rensenbrink, Dutch footballer * 1949 – Jan Smithers, American actress * 1949 - Bo Xilai, Chinese politician * 1950 - James Hahn, American politician, 40th Mayor of Los Angeles === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Richard Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer * 1951 – Jean-Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc), Haitian politician (d. 2014) * 1952 – Laura Branigan, American singer (d. 2004) * 1952 - Andy Fraser, English songwriter and bass guitarist (d. 2015) * 1955 - Walter Veltroni, Italian politician, former Mayor of Rome * 1956 – Montel Williams, American talk show host * 1957 - Poly Styrene, English singer (d. 2011) * 1958 - Lisa De Leeuw, Dutch pornographic actress * 1959 - Ian Maxtone-Graham, American screenwriter and producer * 1960 - Vince Clarke, British musician * 1961 – Pedro Romeiras, Portuguese principal ballet dancer * 1962 – Tom Cruise, American actor * 1963 – Tracey Emin, English artist * 1964 – Joanne Harris, English writer * 1964 – Yeardley Smith, American actress * 1965 - Connie Nielsen, Danish actress * 1965 - Tommy Flanagan, Scottish actor * 1966 – Moises Alou, American Major League Baseball player * 1966 - Daniel Plaza, Spanish race walker * 1968 - Ramush Haradinaj, 4th Prime Minister of Kosovo * 1969 – Kevin Hearn, Canadian singer and keyboardist (Barenaked Ladies) * 1970 - Arlene Foster, Northern Irish politician, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party and former First Minister of Northern Ireland * 1970 - Audra McDonald, American actress and producer * 1970 – Teemu Selänne, Finnish ice hockey player * 1971 – Julian Assange, Australian internet activist, founder of the WikiLeaks website * 1973 - Emma Cunniffe, British actress * 1973 – Olafur Stefansson, Icelandic handball player * 1973 - Fyodor Tuvin, Russian footballer (d. 2013) * 1973 - Patrick Wilson, American actor and singer === From 1976 === * 1976 – Andrea Barber, American actress * 1976 – Wade Belak, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011) * 1979 - Ludivine Sagnier, French actress * 1980 - Olivia Munn, American actress * 1980 - Jenny Jones, English snowboarder * 1980 - Harbhajan Singh, Indian cricketer * 1981 - Aoi Tada, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress * 1981 - Justin Torkildsen, American actor * 1983 – Steph Jones, American singer and model * 1983 - Edinson Volquez, Dominican baseball player * 1985 - Keisuke Minami, Japanese actor and singer * 1986 - Ola Toivonen, Swedish footballer * 1986 – Oscar Ustari, Argentine footballer * 1987 – Sebastian Vettel, German racing driver * 1988 – Winston Reid, New Zealand footballer * 1988 - Vladislav Sesganov, Russian figure skater * 1988 - James Troisi, Australian footballer * 1989 - Elle King, American singer * 1990 - Carly Lauren, American model * 1991 - Will Grigg, English-Northern Irish footballer * 1991 - Tomoni Itano, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48) * 1991 - Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, Russian tennis player * 1992 – Nathalia Ramos, Spanish-American actress and singer * 1992 - Molly Sandén, Swedish singer and voice actress * 1992 - Masado Sudo, Japanese singer * 1993 - Roy Kim, South Korean singer-songwriter * 1993 - Kerem Demirbay, German footballer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 458 - Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople (b. 449) * 710 - Emperor Zhongzhong of Tang, Chinese Emperor (b. 656) * 1570 - Aonio Paleario, Italian reformer (b. 1500) * 1640 - Giuseppe Cesari, Italian painter (b. 1568) * 1642 – Maria de'Medici, Queen of Henry IV of France (b. 1573) * 1778 – Anna Maria Mozart, mother of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (b. 1720) * 1795 - Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general, explorer, author and astronomer (b. 1716) * 1809 - Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright (b. 1746) * 1863 - George Hull Ward, American general (b. 1826) * 1863 - Little Crow, American tribal leader (b. 1810) * 1888 - Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Vietnamese poet (b. 1822) === 1901 2000 === * 1904 - Theodor Herzl, Austrian Zionist (b. 1860) * 1904 - Edouard Beaupré, Canadian giant and strongman (b. 1881) * 1908 - Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist and author (b. 1845) * 1914 – Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (b. 1836) * 1918 – Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1844) * 1918 - Benjamin Tillman, American politician, Governor of South Carolina (b. 1847) * 1933 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (b. 1852) * 1935 – André Citroën, French automobile pioneer (b. 1878) * 1937 - Jacob Schick, American-Canadian captain and businessman, invented the electric razor (b. 1877) * 1941 - Friedrich Akel, Estonian politician (b. 1871) * 1957 - Dolf Luque, Cuban baseball player and manager (b. 1890) * 1969 – Brian Jones, British musician (the Rolling Stones) (b. 1942) * 1971 – Jim Morrison, American singer (The Doors) (b. 1943) * 1973 - Laurens Hammond, American inventor (b. 1895) * 1979 – Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1888) * 1984 - Ernesto Mascheroni, Uruguayan-Italian footballer (b. 1907) * 1986 – Rudy Vallée, American singer (b. 1901) * 1987 - Viola Dana, American actress (b. 1897) * 1989 – Jim Backus, American actor (b. 1913) * 1991 - Le Van Thiem, Vietnamese mathematician (b. 1918) * 1991 - Domingo Tarasconi, Argentine footballer (b. 1903) * 1993 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player (b. 1936) * 1993 – Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (b. 1909) * 1994 - Lew Hood, Australian tennis player (b. 1934) * 1995 – Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (b. 1928) * 1995 - Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929) * 1998 – Danielle Bunten Berry, software developer (b. 1949) * 1999 – Mark Sandman, musician (Morphine (band)) (b. 1952) (heart attack) * 2000 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor (b. 1944) === From 2001 === * 2001 – Mordecai Richler, Canadian writer (b. 1931) * 2003 – Gaetano Alibrandi, papal diplomat (b. 1914) * 2004 – Andrian Nikolayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1929) * 2005 - Alberto Lattuada, Italian actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1914) * 2005 - Gaylord Nelson, American politician, 35th Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1914) * 2006 - Joseph Goquen, American computer scientist (b. 1941) * 2007 - Claude Pompidou, First Lady of France (b. 1912) * 2009 – Jorge Enrique Adoum, Ecuadorean writer (b. 1926) * 2010 – Abu Daoud, Palestinian military commander (b. 1937) * 2010 – Herbert Erhardt, German footballer (b. 1930) * 2011 – Anna Massey, British actress (b. 1937) * 2012 - Andy Griffith, American actor, singer and producer (b. 1926) * 2012 - Sergio Pininfarina, Italian automobile designer and politician (b. 1926) * 2013 - Radu Vasile, 57th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1942) * 2014 - Jini Dellaccio, American photographer (b. 1917) * 2014 - Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Ukrainian- born American rabbi (b. 1924) * 2015 - Phil Walsh, Australian rules footballer and coach (b. 1960) * 2015 - Boyd K. Packer, American religious leader, member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1924) * 2015 - Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor (b. 1925) * 2015 - Diana Douglas, Bermudan- American actress (b. 1923) * 2015 - John A. Williams, American writer (b. 1925) * 2015 - György Szabad, Hungarian politician and historian (b. 1924) * 2016 - Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark (b. 1927) * 2016 - Lou Fontinato, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1932) * 2016 - Uma Shankar Mishra, Indian politician (b. 1923) * 2016 - Noel Neill, American actress (b. 1920) * 2016 - Mauricio Walerstein, Mexican film director (b. 1945) * 2016 - Markus Werner, Swiss writer (b. 1944) * 2017 - José Luis Cuevas, Mexican painter (b. 1934) * 2017 - Rudy Rotta, Italian guitarist and singer (b. 1950) * 2017 - Solvi Stubing, German actress and model (b. 1941) * 2017 - Paolo Villaggio, Italian actor and writer (b. 1932) * 2017 - Tom Blom, Dutch radio and television presenter (b. 1946) * 2017 - Spencer Johnson, American author (b. 1938) * 2017 - Joe Robinson, British actor (b. 1927) * 2018 - Richard Swift, American singer-songwriter (b. 1977) == Holidays and observances == * Emancipation Day (United States Virgin Islands) * Independence Day (Belarus) July 03