Title: September 10 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1419 John of Burgundy is assassinated by friends of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France. * 1509 A strong earthquake hits Constantinople, referred to by people at the time as the "Lesser Judgement Day". * 1515 Thomas Wolsey becomes a cardinal. * 1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh: Last major battle engagement between England and Scotland, which ends in victory for the forces of Edward VI of England. * 1608 John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia. * 1776 American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy. * 1798 At the Battle of St. George, British Honduras defeats Spain. * 1813 The U.S. defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812. * 1823 Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru. * 1846 Elias Howe gets a patent for the sewing machine. * 1858 George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora. * 1897 In the Lattimer Massacre, a sheriff's posse kills more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania, United States. * 1898 Empress Elizabeth of Austria is assassinated by Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni, at Lake Geneva, Switzerland. === 1901 2000 === * 1913 The first paved coast-to-coast U.S. highway opens. * 1918 Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures the city of Kazan. * 1919 Austria and the Allies sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain recognizing the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. * 1927 France had its first Davis Cup win, though it had competed since 1905. * 1932 The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally-owned "IND", is opened. * 1933 Ramon Grau San Martin becomes leader of Cuba. * 1936 The first World Individual Motorcycle Speedway Championship is held at Wembley Stadium * 1939 The submarine HMS Oxley is sunk by mistake by the submarine HMS Triton off the coast of Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss in World War II. * 1939 World War II: Canada declares war on Nazi Germany. * 1942 World War II: The Allies carry out an amphibious landing at Majunga, north-west Madagascar, to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign. * 1943 Tottori, Japan is struck by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, killing 1,190 people. * 1943 World War II: German forces began their occupation of Rome during World War II. * 1944 World War II: American troops liberate Luxembourg. * 1945 In Norway, Vidkun Quisling is sentenced to death for collaboration with Nazi Germany. * 1951 The United Kingdom began an economic boycott of Iran. * 1960 Mickey Mantle hits what is thought to be the Major League baseball's longest home run, sending the ball an estimated 643 feet. * 1960 At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Ethiopian Abebe Bikila becomes the first person from SubSaharan Africa to win an Olympic gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet. * 1961 Italian Grand Prix: German racing driver Wolfgang von Trips is killed in a crash. Being crushed under his Ferrari, 13 spectators are also killed. * 1963 20 African-American students enter public schools in the U.S. state of Alabama. * 1967 The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain. * 1972 The United States loses its first international basketball game in a disputed match versus the Soviet Union at Munich, Germany. * 1974 Guinea- Bissau gains independence from Portugal. * 1976 A British Airways Trident and an Inex-Adria DC-9 collide near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 176. * 1977 Last execution by Guillotine takes place in France. Hamida Djandoubi, convicted for torture and murder, is executed at Baumettes Prison in Marseille. * 1988 Steffi Graf wins the Singles Title at the US Open Tennis, managing to win all four Grand Slams in one year. She later wins the Olympic Gold in the same year in order to achieve a historic "Golden Slam". * 1989 A Bulgarian tug boat collides with Romanian passenger ship Mogasoaia on the Danube, near Galati, Romania, killing 207 people. * 1990 The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa and perhaps the world – is consecrated by Pope John Paul II. === From 2001 === * 2001 Charles Ingram cheats his way to winning a million pounds on the British quiz programme Who Wants to be a Millionaire. * 2001 Kjell Magne Bondevik is elected Prime Minister of Norway. * 2002 Switzerland, known for its neutrality, finally joins the United Nations. * 2002 The U.S. Homeland Security Advisory System is set to Orange, or High Condition, for the first time. * 2003 Anna Lindh, the foreign minister of Sweden, is stabbed fatally while shopping, and dies of her wounds on September 11. * 2006 Michael Schumacher announces his first retirement from Formula One. On the same day, in Hungary, Jenson Button wins a Grand Prix for the first time. * 2006 King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV of Tonga dies, aged 88. His son, George Tupou V, takes over, and reigns until his own death in 2012. * 2007 Nawaz Sharif returns to Pakistan after over seven years in exile. * 2008 The Large Hadron Collider at CERN on the French-Swiss border is switched on for the first time. * 2011 Tanzanian ferry MV Spice Islander sinks off Zanzibar, killing 1,573 people. * 2013 German Thomas Bach is chosen to succeed Jacques Rogge as President of the International Olympic Committee. * 2014 The first Invictus Games, for injured military servicemen, take place in London. * 2015 Scientists announce the discovery, in South Africa, of Homo naledi, a species of early human. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 920 King Louis IV of France (d. 954) * 1169 Alexios Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1183) * 1487 Pope Julius III (d. 1555) * 1561 Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Paraguayan-Argentine soldier and politician (d. 1634) * 1624 Thomas Sydenham, English physician (d. 1689) * 1638 Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1683) * 1659 Henry Purcell, English composer (d. 1695) * 1753 John Sloane, English architect (d. 1837) * 1786 Nicolas Bravo, 11th President of Mexico (d. 1854) * 1788 Jacques Boucher de Crevecoeur de Perthes, French archaeologist (d. 1868) * 1801 Marie Laveau, American voodoo practitioner (d. 1881) * 1809 Thomas Campbell Eyton, English naturalist (d. 1880) * 1817 Richard Spruce, English botanist (d. 1893) * 1821 William Jervois, 10th Governor of South Australia (d. 1897) * 1836 Joseph Wheeler, American Confederate general and politician (d. 1906) * 1839 Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher, mathematician and scientist (d. 1914) * 1844 Abel Hoadley, English-Australian candy maker (d. 1918) * 1852 Alice Brown Davis, American chief of the Seminole tribe in Oklahoma (d. 1935) * 1857 James Edward Keeler, American astrophysicist (d. 1900) * 1861 Niels Hansen Jacobsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1941) * 1866 Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish writer (d. 1930) * 1871 Charles Collett, English engineer (d. 1952) * 1872 Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (d. 1933) * 1872 Vladimir Arsenyev, Russian explorer (d. 1930) * 1885 Johannes de Jong, Dutch cardinal (d. 1955) * 1886 H.D., American writer (d. 1961) * 1887 Giovanni Gronchi, 3rd President of Italy (d. 1978) * 1887 Govind Ballabh Pant, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (d. 1961) * 1890 Bob Heffron, 30th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1978) * 1890 Elsa Schiaparelli, French couturier (d. 1973) * 1890 Franz Werfel, Austrian writer (d. 1945) * 1891 Carl Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss diplomat, essayist and historian (d. 1974) * 1892 Arthur Compton, American physicist (d. 1962) * 1893 Maria de Jesus, Portuguese supercentenarian (d. 2009) * 1894 Alexander Dovzhenko, Soviet-Ukrainian screenwriter, producer and director (d. 1956) * 1895 Viswanathan Satyanarayana, Indian poet (d. 1976) * 1896 Robert Tascheraeu, Canadian judge and politician (d. 1970) * 1896 Ye Ting, Chinese military leader (d. 1946) * 1896 Adele Astaire, American dancer (d. 1981) * 1897 Georges Bataille, French philosopher and writer (d. 1962) * 1898 Bessie Love, American actress (d. 1986) === 1901 1950 === * 1904 Max Shachtman, American theorist and politician (d. 1972) * 1904 Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (d. 1990) * 1906 Karl Wien, German mountaineer (d. 1937) * 1908 Angus Bethune, Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (d. 2004) * 1910 Franz Hengsbach, German cardinal (d. 1991) * 1911 Renée Simonot, French actress * 1911 Nelly Omar, Argentine actress and singer (d. 2013) * 1912 Basappa Danappa Jatti, Indian politician (d. 2002) * 1914 Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine, Irish politician (d. 1990) * 1914 Robert Wise, American director and producer (d. 2005) * 1918 Rin Tin Tin, German shepherd dog (d. 1932) * 1920 C. R. Rao, Indian-American mathematician and statistician * 1921 Alfred Bengsch, German cardinal (d. 1979) * 1922 Yma Sumac, Peruvian singer (d. 2008) * 1923 Shmuel Eisenstadt, Israeli sociologist (d. 2010) * 1924 Boyd K. Packer, American educator and religious leader (d. 2015) * 1925 Roy Brown, American singer- songwriter (d. 1981) * 1925 Hubert Hammerer, Austrian Olympic shooter * 1926 Ladislav Adamec, Czechoslovakian politician (d. 2007) * 1926 Beryl Cook, British painter (d. 2008) * 1927 Gerhard Jahn, German politician (d. 1998) * 1928 Jean Vanier, Canadian theologian and philosopher * 1928 Otto F. Kernberg, Austrian psychoanalyst * 1929 Arnold Palmer, American golfer (d. 2016) * 1931 Philip Baker Hall, American actor * 1932 Félix Malloum, President of Chad (d. 2009) * 1933 Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer * 1933 Yevgeny Khrunov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000) * 1934 Roger Maris, American baseball player (d. 1985) * 1934 Jim Oberstar, American politician (d. 2014) * 1935 Giacomo Losi, Italian footballer * 1936 Peter Lovesey, English crime fiction writer * 1937 Jared Diamond, American evolutionary biologist * 1939 Cynthia Lennon, English ex-wife of John Lennon (d. 2015) * 1939 Hans Sotin, German opera singer * 1940 Roy Ayers, American jazz musician * 1941 Stephen Jay Gould, American palaeontologist (d. 2002) * 1941 Christopher Hogwood, English conductor (d. 2014) * 1941 Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese video game designer (d. 1997) * 1945 José Feliciano, Puerto Rican musician, singer and composer * 1946 Michèle Alliot- Marie, French politician * 1946 Don Powell, English drummer (Slade) * 1946 Shlomo Sand, Israeli historian * 1948 Margaret Trudeau, Canadian actress, writer and biographer * 1948 Bob Lanier, American basketball player * 1948 Brian Donohoe, Scottish politician * 1948 Zhang Chengzhi, Chinese author * 1948 Ted Poe, American politician * 1950 Joe Perry, American singer-songwriter === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Eliseo Alberto, Cuban writer (d. 2011) * 1952 Bruno Giacomelli, Italian racing driver * 1952 Medea Benjamin, American activist * 1952 Patrick McGorry, Australian psychiatrist * 1953 Amy Irving, American actress, movie producer and singer * 1953 John Thurso, Scottish politician * 1954 Jackie Ashley, English journalist * 1954 Lorely Burt, English politician * 1954 Clark Johnson, American actor, director and movie producer * 1956 Johnnie Fingers, Irish musician, songwriter and producer * 1957 Carol Decker, English singer-songwriter * 1958 Chris Columbus, American movie director, producer and screenwriter * 1958 Siobhan Fahey, Irish singer-songwriter and producer * 1960 Colin Firth, English actor * 1960 Margaret Ferrier, Scottish politician * 1963 Randy Johnson, American baseball pitcher, five-time Cy Young Award winner * 1964 John E. Sununu, American politician * 1964 Edmund de Waal, English artist * 1966 Joe Nieuwendyk, Canadian ice hockey player * 1968 Andreas Herzog, Austrian footballer * 1968 Guy Ritchie, British director, screenwriter and producer * 1968 Big Daddy Kane, American rapper and producer * 1968 Juan Maldacena, Argentine-American physicist * 1969 David Trueba, Spanish writer, journalist, screenwriter, actor and director * 1970 Ménélik, French rapper * 1972 Ghada Shouaa, Syrian athlete * 1973 Deniz Yücel, German journalist * 1974 Ryan Philippe, American actor * 1975 Viktor Kassai, Hungarian footballer and referee === From 1976 === * 1976 Gustavo Kuerten, Brazilian tennis player * 1976 Vassilis Lakis, Greek footballer * 1978 Julia Goldsworthy, English politician * 1980 Mikey Way, musician, bassist for My Chemical Romance * 1982 Stephen McManus, Scottish footballer * 1983 Fernando Belluschi, Argentine footballer * 1983 Jérémy Toulalan, French footballer * 1985 David Clarkson, Scottish footballer * 1985 Aya Kamiki, Japanese musical artist * 1985 Laurent Koscielny, French footballer * 1986 Hiroki Uchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor * 1986 Eoin Morgan, Irish cricketer * 1987 Nana Tanimura, Japanese singer-songwriter * 1987 Paul Goldschmidt, American baseball player * 1988 Jordan Staal, Canadian ice hockey player * 1988 Jared Lee Loughner, American murderer * 1990 Chandler Massey, American actor * 1993 Ruggero Pasquarelli, Italian actor and singer * 1997 Brooke Henderson, Canadian golfer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 210 BC Qin Shi Huang, Chinese Emperor (b. 259 BC) * 918 Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (b. 865) * 954 King Louis IV of France (b. 920) * 1167 Empress Matilda of England (b. 1102) * 1197 Henry II, Count of Champagne (b. 1166) * 1306 Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian saint and mystic (b. 1245) * 1308 Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (b. 1285) * 1382 Louis I of Hungary (b. 1326) * 1419 John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1371) * 1482 Federico da Montefeltro, Italian warlord (b. 1422) * 1591 Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542) * 1669 Henrietta Maria of France (b. 1609) * 1797 Mary Wollstonecraft, British female philosopher (b. 1759) * 1815 John Singleton Copley, American artist (b. 1738) * 1827 Ugo Foscolo, Italian poet and novelist (b. 1778) * 1842 William Hobson, 1st Governor of New Zealand (b. 1792) * 1842 Letitia Christian Tyler, First Lady of the United States (b. 1790) * 1889 Charles III, Prince of Monaco (b. 1818) * 1898 Empress Elizabeth of Austria (b. 1837) === 1901 2000 === * 1915 Charles Boucher de Boucherville, 3rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1822) * 1923 Sukumar Ray, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1887) * 1931 Dmitri Egorov, Russian mathematician (b. 1869) * 1935 Huey Long, American politician, 40th Governor of Louisiana (b. 1893) * 1937 Sergei Tretyakov, Russian writer (b. 1892) * 1938 Charles Cruft, British businessman (b. 1852) * 1948 King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (b. 1861) * 1952 Youssef Aftimus, Lebanese engineer and architect (b. 1866) * 1954 Peter Anders, German tenor (b. 1908) * 1961 Leo Carrillo, American actor (b. 1880) * 1961 Wolfgang von Trips, German racing driver (b. 1928) * 1965 Father Divine, American spiritual leader (b. 1880) * 1966 Ernst Julius Gumbel, German mathematician (b. 1891) * 1971 Pier Angeli, Italian actress (b. 1932) * 1975 George Paget Thomson, English physicist (b. 1892) * 1977 Hamida Djandoubi, last person to be executed by guillotine in France (b. 1949) * 1979 Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola (b. 1922) * 1983 Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist (b. 1905) * 1983 John Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1915) * 1983 Jon Brower Minnoch, heaviest- recorded person (b. 1941) * 1983 Norah Lofts, English novelist (b. 1904) * 1985 Jock Stein, Scottish football manager (b. 1922) * 1991 Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (b. 1908) * 1994 Max Morlock, German footballer (b. 1925) * 1995 Charles Denner, French actor (b. 1926) * 1996 Joanne Dru, American actress (b. 1923) * 1996 Hans List, Austrian scientist and inventor (b. 1896) === From 2001 === * 2004 Glyn Owen, Welsh actor (b. 1928) * 2005 Hermann Bondi, Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (b. 1919) * 2006 Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (b. 1918) * 2007 Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (b. 1942) * 2007 Jane Wyman, American actress (b. 1917) * 2011 Cliff Robertson, American actor (b. 1923) * 2012 Vondell Darr, American actress (b. 1919) * 2012 Lance LeGault, American actor (b. 1935) * 2014 Richard Kiel, American actor (b. 1939) * 2014 Emilio Botin, Spanish businessman (b. 1934) * 2015 Dickie Moore, American actor (b. 1925) * 2015 Adrian Frutiger, Swiss typeface designer (b. 1928) * 2015 Norman Farberow, American psychologist (b. 1918) * 2015 Franco Interlenghi, Italian actor (b. 1931) * 2015 James E. Proctor, Jr., American politician (b. 1936) * 2015 Antoine Lahad, Lebanese military officer (b. 1927) * 2016 Jutta Limbach, German jurist (b. 1934) * 2017 Hans Alfredson, Swedish actor, director, writer and comedian (b. 1931) * 2017 Xavier Atencio, American animator, lyricist and engineer (b. 1919) * 2017 Nancy Dupree, American historian (b. 1927) * 2017 René Laurentin, French theologian (b. 1917) * 2017 Don Ohlmeyer, American entertainment executive (b. 1945) * 2017 B. V. Radha, Indian actress (b. 1948) * 2017 Len Wein, American comic book writer (b. 1948) == Observances == * National Day (Gibraltar) * Teacher's Day (People's Republic of China and Hong Kong) * International Suicide Prevention Day * Children's Day (Honduras) Category:Days of the year