Title: March 22 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 238 – Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperors. * 1508 - Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire. * 1621 – The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags. * 1622 – Jamestown massacre: Algonquian Native Americans kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia, a third of the colony's population. * 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony outlaws the possession of cards, dice, and gaming tables. * 1638 – Anne Hutchinson is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious dissent. * 1713 - The Tuscacora War comes to an end with the fall of Fort Neoheroka, effectively opening up the interior of North Carolina to European colonization. * 1739 - Nadir Shah occupies Delhi and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne. * 1765 – The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act, the first direct tax levied from England on the American colonies. * 1784 - The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand. * 1809 – Charles XIII succeeds Gustav IV Adolf to the Swedish throne. * 1829 - The three protecting powers (United Kingdom, France, Russia) create the borders of Greece. * 1849 - The Austrians defeat the Piedmontese at the Battle of Novara. * 1871 – In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment. * 1872 - Illinois becomes the first US state to require Sexual Equality in employment. * 1873 - A law is approved by the Spanish National Assembly in Puerto Rico to abolish slavery. * 1884 - Ecuador introduces the Sucre as its national currency. * 1888 – The Football League is formed. * 1894 – The first playoff game for the Stanley Cup starts. * 1895 – First display (a private screening) of movies by Auguste and Louis Lumière. === 1901 2000 === * 1906 - The first England v France rugby union game is played at Parc des Princes in Paris. * 1912 - The Indian state of Bihar is formed out of the state of Bengal. * 1916 - The last Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne and the Republic of China is restored. * 1920 – Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian inhabitants of Shushi (Nagorno Karabakh). * 1923 - Foster Hewitt makes the first radio broadcast of an ice hockey game. * 1933 - US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs into law a bill legalizing the sale of beer and wine. * 1939 – World War II: Germany takes Memel from Lithuania. * 1941 – Washington's Grand Coulee Dam begins to generate electricity. * 1942 – World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, Regia Marina defeats Royal Navy in the Second Battle of Sirte. * 1943 - World War II: The entire population of Khatyn, Belarus, is burned alive by German occupation forces. * 1944 - World War II: A bombing raid on Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany, kills 1,001 people. * 1945 – The Arab League is founded when a charter is adopted in Cairo, Egypt. * 1946 - The United Kingdom grants independence to Trans-Jordan. * 1954 – Closed since 1939, the London gold market reopens. * 1958 – Faisal becomes King of Saudi Arabia. * 1960 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Townes receive the first patent for a laser. * 1963 – Please Please Me becomes the first Beatles album released in the UK. * 1965 – Bob Dylan "goes electric," releasing his first album featuring electric instruments, Bringing It All Back Home. * 1972 - The United States Congress sends the Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification (meaning confirmation). * 1975 – A fire at the Brown's Ferry nuclear reactor in Decatur, Alabama, causes dangerous lowering of cooling water levels. * 1975 – In Stockholm, Sweden, Teach-In wins the twentieth Eurovision Song Contest for the Netherlands singing "Ding-a-dong." * 1978 – Karl Wallenda of the Flying Wallendas dies after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico. *1980 - Iraq invades Iran * 1982 - NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia is launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on its third mission, STS-3. * 1984 – Teachers at the McMartin preschool in Manhattan Beach, California, are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the children in the school. The charges are later dropped as completely unfounded. * 1989 – Fawn Hall, Oliver North's former secretary, begins two days of testimony at North's Iran-Contra trial in Washington. * 1992 - USAir Flight 405 crashes shortly after take-off from New York City's LaGuardia Airport, killing 27 people. * 1993 – Intel ships the first Pentium chips (80586), featuring a 60 MHz clock speed, 100+ MIPS, and a 64-bit data path. * 1995 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in space. * 1997 – Tara Lipinski, age 14 years and 10 months, becomes the youngest champion of the women's world figure skating competition. * 1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp has his closest approach to Earth. === From 2001 === * 2003 - Protests take place worldwide against the Iraq War, which began two days earlier. * 2005 – Pat Summitt, coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols (women's college basketball), becomes the all-time leader in victories for both men's and women's college basketball, getting her 880th win as coach of the team. * 2006 - Basque separatist organization ETA announces a permanent ceasefire. * 2009 – The Mount Redoubt volcano in Alaska erupts. * 2012 - The Government of Mali is toppled in a military coup. * 2013 - Over 37 people are killed after a fire destroys a camp containing Burmese refugees near Ban Mae, Thailand. * 2013 - American Rock band My Chemical Romance break up. * 2014 - Over 251 people are killed when a boat capsizes in Lake Albert in East Africa. * 2014 - 2014 Oso mudslide: A massive mudslide in Oso, Washington kills 43 people. * 2016 - 2016 Brussels bombings: Bomb attacks strike Brussels' International Airport and the Metro, killing at least 34 people. * 2017 - 2017 Westminster attack: An attack by car and knife kills 4 people. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 875 - William I, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 918) * 924 - Dinh Bo Linh, first Emperor of Vietnam (d. 979) * 1212 - Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (d. 1235) * 1394 - Ulugh Beg, Timurid astronomer (d. 1449) * 1459 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1519) * 1503 - Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (d. 1583) * 1517 - Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1590) * 1599 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641) * 1609 – John II Casimir of Poland (d. 1672) * 1720 - Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect (d. 1799) * 1728 - Anton Raphael Mengs, German painter (d. 1779) * 1759 - Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, Queen of Sweden and Norway (d. 1818) * 1785 - Adam Sedgwick, English geologist (d. 1873) * 1797 – Wilhelm I of Germany (d. 1888) * 1808 - David Swinson Maynard, American frontiersman and physician (d. 1873) * 1814 - Thomas Crawford, American sculptor (d. 1857) * 1817 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian prophet of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892) * 1817 - Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (d. 1876) * 1818 - John Ainsworth Horrocks, English explorer of South Australia (d. 1846) * 1837 - Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione, Italian aristocrat (d. 1899) * 1842 - Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1912) * 1852 - Otakar Sevcik, Czech violinist and violin teacher (d. 1934) * 1857 – Paul Doumer, President of France (d. 1932) * 1860 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician (d. 1940) * 1868 – Robert Millikan, American physicist (d. 1953) * 1869 – Emilio Aguinaldo, first President of the Philippines (d. 1964) * 1878 - Marcel Théato, Luxembourgish-French runner (d. 1919) * 1880 - Ernie Quigley, Canadian-American sports official (d. 1960) * 1884 - Arthur Vandenberg, United States Senator for Michigan (d. 1961) * 1885 - Aryeh Levin, Lithuanian rabbi (d. 1969) * 1886 - August Rei, Estonian politician (d. 1963) * 1887 – Chico Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1961) * 1890 - Ewald von Kleist- Schmenzin, German lawyer and politician (d. 1945) * 1892 - Johannes Semper, Estonian writer, translator and politician (d. 1970) * 1896 - He Long, Chinese military leader (d. 1969) * 1896 - Joseph Schildkraut, Austrian-born American actor (d. 1964) * 1897 - Ferruccio Novo, Italian football manager (d. 1974) * 1899 - Ruth Page, American ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1991) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 – Madeleine Milhaud, French actress (d. 2008) * 1902 - Johannes Brinkman, Dutch architect (d. 1949) * 1907 - Roger Blin, French actor and movie director (d. 1984) * 1907 - James M. Gavin, American lieutenant general (d. 1990) * 1907 - Lucia Santos, Portuguese nun (d. 2005) * 1908 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (d. 1988) * 1908 - Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (d. 1991) * 1909 - Nathan Rosen, American-Israeli physicist (d. 1995) * 1912 – Karl Malden, American actor (d. 2009) * 1912 - Agnes Martin, Canadian-American painter (d. 2004) * 1913 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish combat pilot (d. 2001) * 1913 - Tom McCall, 30th Governor of Oregon (d. 1983) * 1913 - Lew Wasserman, American movie studio executive (d. 2002) * 1915 - Georgiy Zhzhonov, Russian actor and writer (d. 2005) * 1915 - John McConnell, American peace activist and environmentalist (d. 2012) * 1917 - Paul Rogers, British stage actor (d. 2013) * 1917 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004) * 1917 - Irving Kaplansky, Canadian mathematician, professor, author and musician (d. 2006) * 1918 – Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997) * 1919 - R. M. Hare, English philosopher (d. 2002) * 1920 - Werner Klemperer, German actor and musician (d. 2000) * 1920 - Ross Martin, American actor (d. 1981) * 1921 - Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (d. 2004) * 1922 - John J. Gilligan, 62nd Governor of Ohio (d. 2013) * 1922 - Stewart Stern, American screenwriter (d. 2015) * 1923 – Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (d. 2007) * 1924 - Paul Fussell, American writer, historian, writer and professor (d. 2012) * 1924 - Al Neuharth, American businessman, writer and columnist (d. 2013) * 1926 - Franca Falcucci, Italian politician (d. 2014) * 1926 - Avo Uvezian, Lebanese- American jazz pianist, songwriter and cigar manufacturer (d. 2017) * 1929 - Sergio Cervato, Italian footballer (d. 2005) * 1929 - Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist * 1930 - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (d. 2000) * 1930 – Pat Robertson, American televangelist * 1930 – Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist * 1931 – Burton Richter, American physicist * 1931 – William Shatner, Canadian actor * 1931 - Leslie Thomas, Welsh author (d. 2014) * 1932 – Larry Evans, American chess player (d. 2010) * 1932 - Els Borst, Dutch politician (d. 2014) * 1933 - Michel Hidalgo, French footballer and coach * 1933 - Abulhassan Banisadr, former President of Iran * 1934 - Bola Ajibola, Nigerian politician and jurist * 1934 - Orrin Hatch, United States Senator for Utah (d. 2022) * 1936 – Roger Whittaker, British singer * 1937 - Angelo Badalamenti, American composer * 1937 - Armin Hary, German athlete * 1940 - Fausto Bertinotti, Italian Communist politician * 1941 – Bruno Ganz, Swiss actor * 1941 - Cassam Uteem, 2nd President of Mauritius * 1942 – Bernd Herzsprung, German actor * 1943 - George Benson, American jazz and fusion guitarist and singer * 1943 - Keith Relf, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 1976) * 1945 - Paul Schockemöhle, German equestrian showjumper * 1946 - Don Chaney, American basketball player and coach * 1946 - Rudy Rucker, American mathematician and computer scientist * 1946 - Harry Vanda, Dutch-Australian singer and musician * 1947 - James Patterson, American writer * 1948 – Bernard Dietz, German footballer * 1948 – Andrew Lloyd Webber, English theatre composer * 1948 - Wolf Blitzer, American journalist * 1949 - Fanny Ardant, French actress * 1949 – John Toshack, Welsh footballer and manager * 1949 - Brian Hanrahan, English journalist and broadcaster (d. 2010) * 1950 - Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player (d. 2012) * 1950 - Mary Tamm, English actress (d. 2012) === 1951 1975 === * 1952 - Des Browne, Scottish politician * 1952 - David Jones, Welsh politician * 1953 - Vladimir Trofimenko, Russian athlete * 1955 – Lena Olin, Swedish actress * 1955 - Pete Sessions, American politician * 1955 – Valdis Zatlers, former President of Latvia * 1956 - Maria Teresa, Cuban-born Grand Duchess of Luxembourg * 1958 - Laurie David, American blogger, activist and producer * 1958 - Pete Wylie, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1959 - Matthew Modine, American actor, screenwriter, director and producer * 1959 - Zhan Videnov, 45th Prime minister of Bulgaria * 1963 – Giuseppe Galderisi, Italian footballer and manager * 1965 - John Kordic, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1992) * 1965 – Emma Wray, British actress * 1966 - Arron Banks, British businessman and political donor * 1966 - Brian Shaw, American basketball player * 1966 - Samantha Robson, British actress * 1967 - Mario Cipollini, Italian cyclist * 1968 - Kazuya Maekawa, Japanese footballer * 1968 - Euronymous, Norwegian guitarist and producer (d. 1993) * 1969 - Robert Halfon, English politician * 1970 - Leontien van Moorsel, Dutch cyclist * 1970 - Hwang Young-cho, South Korean marathon runner * 1971 - Keegan Michael Key, American actor * 1972 – Shawn Bradley, American basketball player * 1972 – Elvis Stojko, Canadian figure skater * 1972 - Cory Lidle, American baseball player (d. 2006) * 1973 – Beverley Knight, British singer * 1974 – Philippe Clement, Belgian footballer * 1974 - Marcus Camby, American basketball player * 1974 - Kidada Jones, American actress * 1975 - Jiri Novak, Czech ice hockey player * 1975 - Anne Dudek, American actress === From 1976 === * 1976 – Reese Witherspoon, American actress * 1976 - Teun de Nooijer, Dutch field hockey player * 1976 - Victoria Atkins, English politician * 1977 - John Otto, American musician * 1978 - Björn Lind, Swedish cross-country skier * 1981 - Mirel Radoi, Romanian footballer * 1984 – Piotr Trochowski, German footballer * 1985 – Mayola Biboko, Belgian footballer * 1985 – Jakob Fuglsang, Danish cyclist * 1988 – Tania Raymonde, American actress * 1989 - Eva Pereira, Cape Verdean middle- distance runner * 1989 - Ruben Popa, Romanian footballer * 1990 - Lisa Mitchell, Australian singer-songwriter * 1992 - Jessie Andrews, American pornographic actress * 1994 - Kolohe Andino, American surfer * 1997 - Harry Wilson, Welsh footballer * 1998 - Paola Andino, American actress * 1999 - Mick Schumacher, German racing driver == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1081 - Boleslaw the Generous, King of Poland (b. 1042) * 1322 - Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (b. 1278) * 1418 - Dietrich of Nieheim, German bishop and historian (b. 1345) * 1421 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (b. 1388) * 1471 - George Podebrady, King of Bohemia (b. 1420) * 1544 - Johannes Magnus, last Roman Catholic Archbishop in Sweden (b. 1488) * 1602 – Agostino Carracci, Italian composer (b. 1557) * 1685 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b. 1638) * 1687 – Jean Baptiste Lully, Italian-French composer (b. 1632) * 1772 - John Canton, English physicist (b. 1718) * 1820 - Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (b. 1779) * 1832 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer (b. 1749) * 1840 - Etienne Bobillier, French mathematician (b. 1798) * 1844 - William Carroll, Governor of Tennessee (b. 1788) * 1851 - Isaac Hill, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1789) * 1863 - Opothleyahola, principal Native American chief of the Creek Nation (b. 1796) * 1896 - Thomas Hughes, English novelist (b. 1822) === 1901 2000 === * 1913 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese nationalist leader (b. 1882) * 1914 - Theodor Borrer, Swiss aviation pioneer (b. 1894) * 1917 - Yi Jun-yong, one of the Korean Joseon Dynasty's politicians (b. 1870) * 1942 - Frederick Cuming, English cricketer (b. 1875) * 1942 - William Donne, English cricketer (b. 1875) * 1946 - Clemens August Graf von Galen, German Resistance activist (b. 1878) * 1952 - Uncle Dave Macon, American musician (b. 1870) * 1955 - Ivan Subasic, Croatian-Yugoslavian politician (b. 1892) * 1958 – Mike Todd, American movie producer (b. 1909) * 1960 - Jose Antonio Aguirre, Basque politician (b. 1904) * 1977 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian Communist leader (b. 1904) * 1978 – Karl Wallenda, German acrobat (b. 1905) * 1987 – Odysseas Angelis, Greek military officer (b. 1912) * 1993 – Steve Olin, American baseball player (b. 1965) * 1994 – Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (b. 1900) * 1994 - Dan Hartman, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1950) * 1996 - Robert F. Overmyer, American test pilot and astronaut (b. 1936) * 1996 - Billy Williamson, American musician (b. 1925) * 2000 - Carlo Parola, Italian footballer (b. 1921) === From 2001 === * 2001 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish combat pilot (b. 1913) * 2001 – William Hanna, American animator and studio founder (b. 1910) * 2002 - Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss conductor and violinist (b. 1917) * 2004 – Ahmed Yassin, Palestinian co-founder of Hamas (b. 1936) * 2006 - Lawrence Stephen, Nauruan politician (b. 1939) * 2009 – Jade Goody, British television personality (b. 1981) * 2010 – Valentina Tolkunova, Russian singer (b. 1946) * 2010 – James W. Black, Scottish Nobel Prize-winning doctor and medical researcher (b. 1924) * 2012 - Mohammed Merah, French Islamic Jihadist and spree killer (b. 1988), shot after siege * 2013 - Bebo Valdés, Cuban pianist, bandleader and composer (b. 1918) * 2014 - Mickey Duff, Polish-born British boxing trainer and promoter (b. 1929) * 2014 - Patrice Wymore, American actress (b. 1926) * 2014 - Yashwant Vithoba Chittal, Indian author (b. 1928) * 2014 - Yngve A. A. Larsson, Swedish medicine professor and diabetologist (b. 1917) * 2014 - Riina Gerretz, Estonian pianist (b. 1939) * 2015 - Arkady Arkanov, Russian writer and satirist (b. 1933) * 2015 - Norman Scribner, American choral conductor (b. 1936) * 2016 - Rob Ford, Canadian politician, former Mayor of Toronto (b. 1969) * 2016 - Rita Gam, American actress (b. 1927) * 2016 - Richard Bradford, American actor (b. 1934) * 2016 - Glen Dawson, American rock climber and mountaineer (b. 1912) * 2016 - Phife Dawg, American rap musician (b. 1970) * 2016 - Santiago J. Erevia, American soldier (b. 1945) * 2017 - Dallas Green, American baseball player and manager (b. 1934) * 2017 - Sib Hashian, American drummer (b. 1949) * 2017 - Joanne Kyger, American poet (b. 1934) * 2017 - Sven-Erik Magnusson, Swedish singer (b. 1942) * 2017 - Ronnie Moran, English footballer and manager (b. 1934) * 2017 - Khalid Masood, English terrorist (b. 1964) * 2017 - Tomas Milian, Cuban-born Italian actor (b. 1933) * 2017 - Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor (b. 1947) * 2017 - Pete Hamilton, American racecar driver (b. 1942) * 2017 - Marilyn McCord Adams, American philosopher and priest (b. 1943) * 2017 - Piroska Oszoli, Hungarian painter (b. 1919) * 2018 - Dick Gamble, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929) * 2018 - René Houseman, Argentine footballer (b. 1953) * 2018 - Wayne Huizenga, American businessman and entrepreneur (b. 1937) * 2018 - Dariush Shayegan, Iranian philosopher and cultural theorist (b. 1935) == Observances == * World Day for Water * Emancipation Day (Puerto Rico) * Earliest date on which Easter can fall, last in 1818, next in 2285 (April 25 is latest Easter date) * Day of the People's Party (Laos) Category:Days of the year