Title: October 27 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 97 - Roman Emperor Nerva adopts the then-44-year-old Trajan. * 710 - Saracen invasion of Sardinia. * 939 – Edmund I of England becomes king. * 1275 – Traditional founding of Amsterdam. * 1524 - Italian Wars: French troops lay siege to Pavia. * 1553 - Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva. * 1644 - The Second Battle of Newbury takes place in the English Civil War. * 1662 - Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to France. * 1682 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded. * 1795 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, establishing boundaries between the US and the Spanish colonies. * 1806 – The French Army enters Berlin. * 1810 – The US annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida. * 1827 - Vincenzo Bellini's third opera, Il pirata, has its first performance at La Scala, Milan. * 1838 - Governor of Missouri Lilburn Boggs issues an extermination order to Mormons in the state, which would force them either to leave or be killed. * 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Marshal Francois Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion to the Siege of Metz. * 1892 - British passenger steamer Roumania crashes into rocks off Peniche, Portugal. === 1901 2000 === * 1904 – New York City's first underground Subway opens. * 1907 - Cernova massacre: 15 people are killed in the Hungarian half of Austria-Hungary when a gunman opens fire on a crowd gathered at a church for its consecration. * 1914 - World War I: British super dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious is sunk off Tory Island, northwest of Ireland, by a minefield laid by German merchant cruiser Berlin. * 1916 - Battle of Segale in Ethiopia. * 1922 – Italian fascists, led by Benito Mussolini, begin their March on Rome. * 1922 - A referendum in Rhodesia rejects the country's annexation (being taken control of) to the Union of South Africa. * 1924 - Soviet Union: The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic is founded. * 1936 – Wallis Simpson files for divorce. She later marries Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, after he abdicates the throne. * 1944 - World War II: German troops end the Slovak National Uprising in Banska Bystrica. * 1953 - British nuclear test Totem 2 is carried out at Emu Field, South Australia. * 1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African American to join the United States Air Force. * 1958 – Iskandar Mirza is deposed as President of Pakistan. * 1961 – Mauritania and Mongolia join the UN. * 1961 - NASA tests the first Saturn I rocket in Mission-Saturn Apollo 1. * 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: A nuclear war is narrowly avoided. * 1962 - Rudolf Anderson of the United States Air Force becomes the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis. * 1962 - A plane carrying Enrico Mattei, a post-war Italian administrator, crashes in mysterious circumstances. * 1962 - Australian Dawn Fraser swims the 100 meter-backstroke in less than a minute, as the first woman to do so. * 1964 - Ronald Reagan delivers "A Time for Choosing" speech at a Barry Goldwater campaign. * 1966 - The UN removes South Africa's mandate over Namibia. * 1968 - The 1968 Summer Olympics end in Mexico City. * 1971 – The Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire. * 1979 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines become independent. * 1981 - Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden. * 1991 – Turkmenistan achieves independence from the Soviet Union. * 1994 – Gliese 229B is the first substellar mass object to be unquestionably identified. * 1995 – Latvia applies for EU membership. * 1995 – Former Prime Minister of Italy Bettino Craxi is convicted in-absentia (without attending) for corruption. * 1997 - Global stock markets crash because of financial meltdown fears. * 1999 – Gunmen open fire on the Armenian Parliament. === From 2001 === * 2002 – The volcano Mount Etna on Sicily erupts. * 2002 – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected to succeed Fernando Henrique Cardoso as President of Brazil. * 2003 – In Malaga, where Pablo Picasso was born, the Museo Picasso (Picasso Museum) is opened. * 2003 - Bomb attacks in Baghdad kill over 40 people. * 2005 – Riots begin in France after the accidental deaths of two Muslim teenagers. * 2006 – Opening of Arsenal F.C.'s Emirates Stadium. * 2010 – Former President of Argentina Néstor Kirchner dies aged 60. He had been expected to run for president again in 2011. * 2011 - Michael D. Higgins is elected President of Ireland. * 2013 - Sebastian Vettel becomes the fourth driver to win four Formula One world titles in a row, and the youngest driver, at age 26, to do so. * 2013 - Storms begin to affect parts of western and central Europe, causing destruction and disruption the next day. * 2017 - The Parliament of Catalonia declares the region's independence from Spain; The central government in Madrid decides to impose direct rule on Catalonia. * 2018 - Pittsburgh synagogue shooting: A gunman shoots and kills 11 people worshipping at a synagogue in the Squirrel Hill neighbourhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. * 2018 - 2018 Leicester City F.C. helicopter crash: A helicopter crash near Leicester City F.C.'s King Power Stadium in Leicester, England, kills 5 people, including the club's Thai owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha. * 2019 - Sophie Wilmès becomes the first female Prime Minister of Belgium, succeeding Charles Michel, who had been chosen to succeed Donald Tusk as President of the European Council. * 2019 - Alberto Fernández wins Argentina's Presidential election against the incumbent Mauricio Macri. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 921 - Chai Rong, Chinese Emperor (d. 959) * 1156 - Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (d. 1222) * 1401 – Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of England (d. 1437) * 1466 (assumed) – Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch writer and philosopher (d. 1536) * 1703 - Johann Gottfried Graun, German violinist and composer (d. 1771) * 1728 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (d. 1779) * 1736 - James Macpherson, Scottish writer, poet and politician (d. 1796) * 1744 – Mary Moser, English painter and one of only two female founder members of the Royal Academy (d. 1819) * 1760 - August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1831) * 1761 - Geir Vídalín, Bishop of Iceland (d. 1823) * 1763 - William Maclure, Scottish geologist (d. 1840) * 1782 – Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840) * 1811 – Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing machine (d. 1875) * 1811 – Stevens Thomson Mason, first Governor of Michigan (d. 1843). * 1828 - Jacob Dolson Cox, 28th Governor of Ohio (d. 1900) * 1838 - John Davis Long, 32nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915) * 1842 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian statesman (d. 1928) * 1844 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist (d. 1916) * 1854 - William Alexander Smith, Scottish founder of the Boys' Brigade (d. 1914) * 1857 - Ernst Trygger, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1943) * 1858 – Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (d. 1919) * 1858 - Saito Makoto, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936) * 1868 - William Gillies, Australian politician, 21st Premier of Queensland (d. 1928) * 1869 - Viola Allen, American actress (d. 1948) * 1873 - James J. Davis, Welsh-born American politician (d. 1947) * 1877 - Walt Kuhn, American painter and cartoonist (d. 1949) * 1877 – George Thompson, English cricketer (d. 1943) * 1885 - Sigrid Hjertén, Swedish painter (d. 1948) * 1889 - Enid Bagnold, English author and playwright (d. 1981) * 1889 - Fanny Durack, Australian swimmer (d. 1956) * 1894 - Oliver Leese, English general (d. 1978) * 1896 – Edith Brown, RMS Titanic survivor (d. 1997) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 – Emil Jónsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1986) * 1904 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (d. 1974) * 1906 – Kazuo Ohno, Japanese dancer (d. 2010) * 1908 – Lee Krasner, American painter (d. 1984) * 1910 - Jack Carson, Canadian actor (d. 1963) * 1911 - Leif Erickson, American actor (d. 1986) * 1913 - Joe Medicine Crow, American tribal historian, anthropologist and author (d. 2016) * 1914 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 1953) * 1915 - Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre and film producer (d. 1994) * 1916 - Kazimierz Brandys, Polish writer (d. 2000) * 1917 – Oliver Tambo, South African activist (d. 1993) * 1917 - Arne Andersson, Swedish athlete (d. 2009) * 1918 - Edgar Herschler, 28th Governor of Wyoming (d. 1990) * 1918 – Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005) * 1919 - Tim M. Babcock, 16th Governor of Montana (d. 2015) * 1920 – Nanette Fabray, American actress (d. 2018) * 1920 – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (d. 2005) * 1921 - Warren Allen Smith, American activist (d. 2017) * 1922 - Ruby Dee, American actress (d. 2014) * 1922 - Ralph Kiner, American baseball player (d. 2014) * 1922 - Michel Galabru, French actor (d. 2016) * 1922 - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (d. 2010) * 1922 - George Young, Scottish footballer (d. 1997) * 1923 – Roy Lichtenstein, American pop artist (d. 1997) * 1923 - Ned Wertimer, American actor (d. 2013) * 1924 - Bonnie Lou, American singer (d. 2015) * 1925 – Warren Christopher, former United States Secretary of State (d. 2011) * 1925 - Gianni Bonagura, Italian actor (d. 2017) * 1930 - Leo Baxendale, English cartoonist (d. 2017) * 1931 – Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian writer * 1932 – Sylvia Plath, American poet (d. 1963) * 1932 - Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (d. 2007) * 1933 - Floyd Cramer, American musician (d. 1997) * 1934 - Elías Querejeta, Spanish film producer and screenwriter (d. 2013) * 1937 - Peter Lustig, German television presenter (d. 2016) * 1938 - Maurice Hinchey, American politician (d. 2017) * 1939 – John Cleese, British actor, writer, and Monty Python member * 1939 - Marino Perani, Italian footballer (d. 2017) * 1939 - Albert Wendt, Samoan writer * 1940 – John Gotti, New York mafia boss (d. 2002) * 1941 - Dick Trickle, American racing driver (d. 2013) * 1943 - Sherman Kelly, American singer-songwriter (Boffalongo) * 1944 - Nikolai Karachentsov, Russian actor (d. 2018) * 1945 – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, 35th President of Brazil * 1945 - Arild Andersen, Norwegian composer and bassist * 1946 - Steven R. Nagel, American astronaut, pilot and engineer (d. 2014) * 1946 – Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004) * 1946 - Ivan Reitman, Czech-Canadian actor, producer and director * 1949 - Garry Talent, American musician (E Street Band) * 1950 – Fran Lebowitz, American writer * 1950 - Sue Lloyd-Roberts, English journalist (d. 2015) === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - K. K. Downing, English musician (Judas Priest) * 1951 - Carlos Frenk, Mexican- English physicist, cosmologist and academic * 1952 – Roberto Benigni, Italian actor and director * 1952 - Francis Fukuyama, American political scientist, economist and author * 1952 - Atsuyoshi Furuta, Japanese footballer * 1953 - Peter Firth, English actor * 1954 - Frank Gray, Scottish footballer * 1954 - Mike Kelley, American artist (d. 2012) * 1956 - Michèle Chardonnet, French athlete * 1956 - Christiane Wartenberg, German athlete * 1957 – Jeff East, American actor * 1957 – Glenn Hoddle, English footballer and manager * 1958 – Simon Le Bon, English musician (Duran Duran) * 1958 - Manu Katché, French musician * 1959 - Rick Carlisle, American basketball player and coach * 1961 - Margaret Mazzantini, Italian actress * 1962 - Stewart McKimmie, Scottish footballer * 1963 - Marla Maples, American actress and model * 1963 - Farin Urlaub, German musician and songwriter * 1964 - Mary T. Meagher, American swimmer * 1967 – Scott Weiland, American musician Stone Temple Pilots, Velvet Revolver (d. 2015) * 1967 - Simone Moro, Italian mountaineer * 1970 – Adrian Erlandsson, musician (Cradle of Filth) * 1971 - Elissa, Lebanese singer * 1971 – Theodoros Zagorakis, Greek footballer * 1972 – Maria Mutola, Mozambican athlete * 1972 – Evan Coyne Maloney, documentary movie maker * 1972 – Brad Radke, American baseball player * 1975 - Zadie Smith, English novelist * 1975 - Aron Ralston, American mountaineer and engineer === From 1976 === * 1976 – Ariel Ibagaza, Argentine footballer * 1977 – Jiří Jarosík, Czech footballer * 1977 - Sheeri Rappaport, American actress * 1978 - Toby Petersen, American ice hockey player * 1978 – Vanessa-Mae, Singapore-born British musician * 1980 - Tanel Padar, Estonian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1980 - Václav Noid Bárta, Czech singer and actor * 1981 – Volkan Demirel, Turkish footballer * 1982 - Takashi Tsukamoto, Japanese actor and singer * 1984 – Kelly Osbourne, daughter of Ozzy Osbourne * 1984 - Kostas Kapetanos, Greek footballer * 1984 - Emilie Ullerup, Danish actress * 1986 - David Warner, Australian cricketer * 1987 - Yi Jianlian, Chinese basketball player * 1987 - Viktor Genev, Bulgarian footballer * 1988 – Evan Turner, American basketball player * 1992 - Stephan El Shaarawy, Italian footballer * 1992 - Emily Hagins, American director, producer and screenwriter * 1994 - Eddie Alderson, American actor * 1997 - Eden Taylor-Draper, English actress * 1999 - Haruka Kudo, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 673 - Pope Agatho of Alexandria (b. 654) * 939 – King Athelstan I of England (b. 895) * 1271 - Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (b. 1213) * 1303 - Beatrice of Castile (b. 1242) * 1312 - John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275) * 1327 - Elizabeth de Burgh, wife of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1289) * 1430 – Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania (b. 1350) * 1439 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1392) * 1449 - Ulugh Beg, Persian astronomer, mathematician and Sultan (b. 1394) * 1485 - Rudolf Agricola, Dutch writer and educator (b. 1444) * 1505 – Tsar Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440) * 1553 – Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian and doctor (b. 1511) * 1561 - Lope de Aguirre, Spanish explorer (b. 1510) * 1605 – Akbar the Great, Mughal Emperor (b. 1542) * 1674 – Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet and hymnist (b. 1614) * 1675 - Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602) * 1789 - John Cook, Governor of Delaware (b. 1730) * 1880 - Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1827) === 1901 2000 === * 1917 - Arthur Rhys-Davids, English pilot (b. 1897) * 1926 - Warren Wood, American golfer (b. 1887) * 1935 - Ernest Eldridge, English racing driver (b. 1897) * 1942 – Helmuth Hubener, German resistance activist (b. 1925) * 1954 - Harry Tate, American soccer player (b. 1886) * 1962 - Rudolf Anderson, American pilot (b. 1927) * 1962 – Enrico Mattei, Italian politician (b. 1906) * 1968 – Lise Meitner, German physicist (b. 1878) * 1975 – Rex Stout, American novelist (b. 1886) * 1980 - Steve Peregrin Took, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949) * 1980 – John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist (b. 1899) * 1986 - Sherman Adams, 67th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1899) * 1990 – Xavier Cugat, Catalan-born bandleader (b. 1900) * 1990 - Jacques Demy, French director (b. 1931) * 1990 - Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor (b. 1922) * 1999 – Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (b. 1959) * 1999 – Karen Demirchyan, Chairman of the Armenian Parliament (b. 1932) * 2000 - Walter Berry, Austrian bass baritone (b. 1929) === From 2001 === * 2001 - Pradeep Kumar, Indian actor, director and producer (b. 1925) * 2003 – Walter Washington, American politician (b. 1915) * 2003 - Stephanie Tyrell, American songwriter and producer (b. 1949) * 2006 – Brad Will, American anarchist and independent journalist (b. 1970) * 2010 – Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (b. 1950) * 2012 - Natina Reed, American singer, producer and rapper (b. 1979) * 2012 - Hans Peter Henze, German composer (b. 1926) * 2013 - Lou Reed, American musician (b. 1942) * 2014 - Daniel Boulanger, French actor and writer (b. 1922) * 2014 - Starke Taylor, American politician, Mayor of Dallas, Texas (b. 1922) * 2014 - Shin Hae-chul, South Korean singer (b. 1968) * 2015 - Philip French, British film critic (b. 1933) * 2016 - Prince Mikasa, Japanese royal (b. 1915) * 2017 - Hans Kraay Sr., Dutch footballer (b. 1936) * 2017 - Punathil Kunjabdulla, Indian writer and physician (b. 1942) * 2018 - Freddie Hart, American musician and singer-songwriter (b. 1926) * 2018 - Madan Lal Khurana, Indian politician (b. 1936) * 2018 - Mario Segale, American businessman (b. 1934) * 2018 - Ntozake Shange, American poet and playwright (b. 1948) * 2018 - Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, Thai businessman and owner of Leicester City F.C. (b. 1958) * 2019 - Vladimir Bukovsky, Russian-British human rights activist and dissident (b. 1942) * 2019 - Stephen P. Cohen, American political scientist and security expert (b. 1936) * 2019 - John Conyers, American politician and civil rights activist (b. 1929) * 2019 - Ivan Milat, Australian serial killer (b. 1944) * 2019 - Anne Phelan, Australian actress (b. 1940s) * 2019 - Hans-Peter Uhl, German politician (b. 1944) == Observances == * Independence Day (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Turkmenistan) Category:Days of the year