Title: September 11 Content: The terms "September 11" and "9/11" have been used by the media to refer to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States of America. == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 9 The Battle of Teutoburg Forest finishes. * 1041 Fire destroys most of Bremen's Old Town. * 1297 Led by William Wallace, the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. * 1390 The Teutonic Knights besiege Vilnius. * 1541 Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors led by Michimalonko. * 1565 Ottoman Empire forces retreat from Malta, ending the Great Siege of Malta. * 1609 Henry Hudson arrives at the island of Manhattan. * 1649 Under orders from Oliver Cromwell, the Drogheda Massacre is committed in Ireland. * 1708 King Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to Moscow, by halting outside Smolensk, marking a turning point in the Great Northern War. * 1714 Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to French and Spanish Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession. * 1758 Seven Years' War: In the Battle of Saint Cast, France holds off a British invasion. * 1775 American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold's expedition leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of the invasion of Quebec. * 1776 A British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop the already started American Revolutionary War. * 1789 Alexander Hamilton becomes the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. * 1802 France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont. * 1813 War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march and invade Washington, DC. * 1814 War of 1812: Climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major US victory in the war. * 1852 The State of Buenos Aires separates from the Argentine federal government, before re-joining on September 17, 1861. * 1857 Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah. * 1877 British three- mast sailing boat collides with another vessel off the Isle of Portland, sinking shortly after, killing 106 people. * 1897 After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last King of Kaffa, bringing the ancient kingdom of Kaffa to an end. === 1901 2000 === * 1906 Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha for the non-violent rights movement in South Africa. * 1914 World War I: Australia invades the island of New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka. * 1914 World War I: A battle at what is now Lviv, results in a Russian victory over Austria-Hungary, a defeat that the Habsburg monarchy never fully recovers from. * 1916 The Quebec Bridge collapses, killing 11 people. * 1919 US Marines invade Honduras. * 1922 The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. * 1922 The British Mandate for Palestine begins. * 1930 The biggest-recorded eruption of the Stromboli volcano in Italy takes place. * 1931 Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Lucky Luciano's hitmen. * 1941 Ground is broken for the construction of the Pentagon building. * 1943 Holocaust: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis. * 1944 An RAF bombing raid destroys the city of Darmstadt in Germany killing around 11,500 people. * 1954 Hurricane Edna strikes New England, killing 29 people. * 1961 Hurricane Carla hits Texas. * 1961 The World Wide Fund for Nature is founded. * 1962 The Beatles record their first single, Love Me Do. * 1968 An Air France plane crashes in Nice, France, killing 95 people. * 1971 The Egyptian Constitution becomes official. * 1972 The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system has its opening day of passenger service. * 1973 A military coup in Chile removes President Salvador Allende, who is subsequently killed in the event, from office. General Augusto Pinochet is installed in his place, and remains in power until March 11, 1990. * 1974 An Eastern Airlines plane crashes in Charlotte in North Carolina, killing 69 people. * 1974 Charles T. Kowal discovers Jupiter's moon Leda. * 1978 Janet Parker becomes the last person to die of smallpox. * 1978 Georgi Markov dies four days after being attacked in London. * 1985 Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record of most career hits when he hits his 4,192nd hit. * 1989 Hungary opens the Iron Curtain for refugees from East Germany to travel to the West. * 1990 US President George H. W. Bush proclaims a "New World Order". * 1992 Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Kauai. * 1997 In a referendum, the people of Scotland vote in favour of a new Scottish Parliament. * 1997 NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars. * 1997 Fourteen Estonian soldiers die in the Kurkse Tragedy, drowning in the Baltic Sea. * 1998 Beginning of the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the first time these games are held in Asia. * 1999 Tennis player Serena Williams wins her first Grand Slam, at the US Open. === From 2001 === * 2001 In the September 11 attacks, Islamic extremists destroy the World Trade Center in New York City and part of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia by crashing passenger planes into them. Another airliner crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Almost 3,000 were killed. The term "9/11" is often used to refer to these attacks. * 2003 Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies aged 46, following a knife attack the previous day. After Olof Palme in 1986, she is the second high-profile Swedish politician to be murdered. * 2004 A helicopter crashes in the Aegean Sea, killing 17 people, including Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria. * 2006 George Tupou V becomes king of Tonga, after the death of his father Taufa'ahau Tupou IV. * 2007 Russia tests a thermobaric weapon. * 2012 The US Embassy in Cairo, Egypt and Consulate in Benghazi, Libya are targeted in terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists. 4 Americans are killed in the attacks, including US Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens. * 2012 A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan. * 2015 A crane collapse at Mecca's Central Mosque kills over 100 people. * 2017 The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights says that a security operation targeting Rohingya people in Myanmar is a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing". == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1182 Minamoto na Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204). * 1470 Martin Waldseemüller, German cartographer (d. 1520). * 1476 Louise of Savoy (d. 1531). * 1522 Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian physician and naturalist (d. 1605). * 1524 Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585). * 1525 John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1598). * 1611 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675). * 1656 Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, consort of Sweden (d. 1693). * 1700 James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748). * 1711 William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779). * 1724 Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790). * 1743 Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1809). * 1749 Justus Perthes, German publisher (d. 1816). * 1764 Valentino Fioravanti, Italian composer (d. 1837). * 1771 Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (d. 1806). * 1786 Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832). * 1798 Franz Ernst Neumann, German physicist (d. 1895). * 1816 Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. 1888). * 1825 Eduard Hanslick, Austrian composer (d. 1904). * 1838 John Ireland, American archbishop (d. 1918). * 1845 Emile Baudot, French engineer and inventor (d. 1903). * 1847 Mary Watson Whitney, American astronomer (d. 1921). * 1853 Katharina Schratt, Austrian actress (d. 1940). * 1860 James Allan, New Zealand rugby (d. 1934). * 1862 O. Henry, American writer (d. 1910). * 1862 Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, British field marshal and Governor- General of Canada (d. 1936). * 1862 Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, British noblewoman (d. 1938) * 1862 Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician and murder suspect (d. 1910) * 1865 Rainis, Latvian writer and politician (d. 1929). * 1871 Scipione Borghese, 1st Prince of Sulmona, Italian racing driver, mountaineer and politician (d. 1927) * 1877 Felix Dzerzhinsky, Polish-born Bolshevik revolutionary (d. 1926). * 1877 James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1946). * 1881 Asta Nielsen, Danish actress (d. 1972) * 1885 D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930). * 1892 Pinto Colvig, American actor and cartoonist (d. 1967). * 1892 Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (d. 1980). * 1895 Vinobe Bhave, Indian activist (d. 1982). * 1895 Nur Ali Elahi, Iranian philosopher and musician (d. 1974). * 1896 Robert S. Kerr, 12th Governor of Oklahoma (d. 1963). * 1899 Jimmie Davis, American country music singer-songwriter and politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 2000). * 1900 Semyon Lavochkin, Russian aircraft engineer (d. 1960). === 1901 1950 === * 1903 Theodor W. Adorno, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1969). * 1904 Ludwik Gross, Polish- American cancer researcher and virologist (d. 1999) * 1910 Gerhard Schröder, German politician (d. 1989). * 1913 Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and scientist (d. 2014). * 1913 Bear Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983). * 1914 Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (d. 2009). * 1915 Raul Alberto Lastiri, Argentine politician and interim President (d. 1978). * 1917 Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989). * 1917 Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012). * 1917 Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. 1996). * 1921 Yidnekatchew Tessema, Ethiopian footballer (d. 1987). * 1924 Daniel Akaka, American politician. (d. 2018) * 1924 Tom Landry, American football coach (d. 2000). * 1928 Reubin Askew, 37th Governor of Florida (d. 2014). * 1928 Earl Holliman, American actor. * 1928 William X. Kienzle, American priest and author (d. 2001). * 1929 Patrick Mayhew, English lawyer and politician. * 1930 Saleh Salim, Egyptian footballer, manager and actor (d. 2002). * 1931 Hans- Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (d. 2014). * 1932 Gavril Dejeu, Romanian politician. * 1933 Rachid Sfar, former Prime Minister of Tunisia. * 1935 Arvo Part, Estonian composer. * 1935 Gherman Titov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000). * 1937 Queen Paola of Belgium. * 1937 Robert Crippen, American astronaut. * 1937 Joseph Kobzon, Soviet-Ukrainian singer. * 1940 Theodore Olsen, American politician. * 1940 Nong Duc Manh, Vietnamese Communist politician. * 1940 Brian De Palma, American director. * 1943 Mickey Hart, American musician. * 1943 Jack Ely, American guitarist and singer (d. 2015). * 1944 Serge Haroche, French physicist. * 1944 Everaldo, Brazilian footballer (d. 1974). * 1944 Freddy Thielemans, Belgian politician. * 1945 Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer. * 1948 John Martyn, British musician (d. 2009). * 1950 Amy Madigan, American actress. * 1950 Eijun Kiyokumo, Japanese footballer. === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Miroslav Dvorak, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2008). * 1953 Tommy Shaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist. * 1955 Enzo Ghinazzi, Italian singer, presenter, actor and writer. * 1956 Tony Gilroy, American screenwriter and director. * 1957 Brad Bird, American actor, animator, director and screenwriter. * 1957 Jon Moss, English drummer * 1960 Hiroshi Amano, Japanese physicist. * 1960 Predrag Nikolic, chess player from Bosnia and Herzegovina. * 1961 Virginia Madsen, American actress. * 1962 Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer. * 1962 Kristy McNichol, American actress. * 1963 Pietro Ferrero Jr., Italian businessman (d. 2011). * 1965 Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria. * 1965 Moby, American musician. * 1965 Graeme Obree, British cyclist. * 1965 Paul Heyman, American wrestling manager and promoter. * 1966 Princess Akishino of Japan. * 1967 Harry Connick, Jr., American singer. * 1967 Sung Jae-gi, South Korean activist (d. 2013). * 1968 Slaven Bilic, Croatian footballer. * 1969 Gidget Gein, American musician (d. 2008). * 1970 Taraji P. Henson, American actress and singer. * 1970 Aaron Dworkin, American violinist. * 1971 Richard Ashcroft, English musician. * 1971 Johnny Vegas, English comedian. * 1972 Sohrab Bakhtiarizadeh, Iranian footballer. === From 1976 === * 1977 Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player. * 1977 Ludacris, American rapper, producer and actor. * 1977 Jonny Buckland, English guitarist (Coldplay) * 1978 Dejan Stankovic, Serbian footballer. * 1978 Pablo Contreras, Chilean footballer. * 1979 Eric Abidal, French footballer. * 1979 David Pizarro, Chilean footballer. * 1979 Ariana Richards, American actress. * 1979 Cameron Richardson, American actress. * 1981 Andrea Dossena, Italian footballer. * 1981 Charles Kelley, American country music singer (Lady Antebellum). * 1981 Dylan Klebold, shooter in the Columbine massacre (d. 1999). * 1983 Lauryn Williams, American athlete. * 1985 Shaun Livingston, American basketball player. * 1987 Mai Oshima, Japanese singer (AKB48). * 1987 Susianna Kentikian, Armenian-German boxer. * 1987 Tyler Hoechlin, American actor. * 1988 Lee Yong Dae, South Korean badminton player. * 1989 Asuka Kuramochi, Japanese singer (AKB48). * 1990 Jo Inge Berget, Norwegian footballer. * 1991 Anastasia Rybachenko, Russian activist. * 1992 Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer. * 1993 Lena Lotzen, German footballer. == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1063 King Bela I of Hungary. * 1161 Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. 1105). * 1298 Philip of Artois (b. 1269). * 1349 Bonne of Bohemia (b. 1315). * 1380 King Haakon VI of Norway (b. 1040). * 1677 James Harrington, English political philosopher (b. 1611). * 1680 Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596). * 1721 Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665). * 1733 Francois Couperin, French composer (b. 1868). * 1760 Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. 1704). * 1788 José, Prince of Brazil (b. 1761). * 1823 David Ricardo, English economist (b. 1772). * 1843 Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (b. 1786). * 1865 Louis Juchault de Lamoriciere, French general and statesman (b. 1806). * 1876 Nathaniel B. Baker, 24th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1818). * 1888 Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (b. 1811). === 1901 2000 === * 1911 Louis Henri Boussenard, French explorer (b. 1847). * 1915 William Sprague, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1830). * 1917 Georges Guynemer, French pilot (b. 1894). * 1931 Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American crime figure (b. 1886). * 1932 Stanislaw Wigura, Polish pilot (b. 1901). * 1932 Franciszek Zwirko, Polish pilot (b. 1895). * 1939 Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (b. 1861). * 1941 Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary (b. 1873). * 1947 Alice Keppel, English socialite and mistress to Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1868). * 1948 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan (b. 1876). * 1949 Henri Rabaud, French composer and conductor (b. 1873). * 1950 Jan Smuts, South African politician (b. 1870). * 1950 Alvaro Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1863). * 1956 Herminio Masantonio, Argentine footballer (b. 1910). * 1958 Robert W. Service, Scottish-Canadian poet (b. 1874). * 1958 Camillien Houde, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1889). * 1971 Nikita Krushchev, Soviet political leader (b. 1894). * 1973 Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908). * 1973 E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British anthropologist (b. 1902). * 1978 Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (b. 1944). * 1978 Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (b. 1929). * 1978 Janet Parker, British smallpox victim (b. 1938). * 1986 Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek politician and academic (b. 1902). * 1987 Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (b. 1944). * 1988 Roger Hargreaves, English writer (The Mr. Men) (b. 1934). * 1994 Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (b. 1909). * 1997 Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933). === Deaths in the September 11 attacks === * 2001 People killed in the September 11 attacks, including: **David Angell, American sitcom creator (b. 1946). **Berry Berenson, widow of the actor Anthony Perkins (b. 1948). **Daniel M. Lewin, American technician (b. 1970). **Mychal Judge, American priest (b. 1933). **Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1948). **Carolyn Beug, American movie maker (b. 1953). **Charles Burlingame, American pilot (b. 1949). **William M. Feeham, American firefighter (b. 1929). **Peter J. Ganci, American firefighter (b. 1946). **Timothy Maude, American military officer (b. 1947). **Barbara Olson, American political commentator (b. 1955). **Mohamed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (b. 1968). **Wail al-Shehri, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973). **Nawaf al-Hazmi, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973). **Majed Moqed, Saudi terrorist (b. 1977). **Abdulaziz al-Omari, Saudi terrorist (b. 1979). === After 2001 === * 2002 Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922). * 2002 Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. 1933). * 2003 Anna Lindh, Swedish foreign minister (b. 1957). * 2003 John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948). * 2004 Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa (b. 1949). * 2006 Joachim Fest, German historian (b. 1926). * 2007 Ian Porterfield, British footballer (b. 1945). * 2009 Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (b. 1958). * 2009 Juan Almeida Bosque, Cuban revolutionary (b. 1927). * 2009 Gertrude Baines, American supercentenarian and oldest person in the world at the time of her death (b. 1894). * 2010 Kevin McCarthy, American actor (b. 1914). * 2011 Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor (b. 1972). * 2012 Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer (b. 1920). * 2012 Sean Smith, American diplomat. * 2012 J. Christopher Stevens, American diplomat (b. 1960). * 2014 Joachim Fuchsberger, German actor and entertainer (b. 1927). * 2014 Donald Sinden, English actor (b. 1923). * 2014 Antoine Duhamel, French composer (b. 1925). * 2014 Bob Crewe, American songwriter and record producer (b. 1931). * 2014 Rudolf Kortokraks, German-Austrian painter (b. 1928). * 2014 Kendall Francois, American serial killer (b. 1971). * 2014 Hamish McHamish, Scottish celebrity cat (b. 1999). * 2015 Alan Purwin, American helicopter pilot and aerial film operator (b. 1961). * 2016 Alexis Arquette, American actress (b. 1969). * 2016 Ben Idrissa Dermé, Burkinabe footballer (b. 1982). * 2017 Abdul Halim of Kedah, former King of Malaysia (b. 1927). * 2017 J. P. Donleavy, Irish-American writer (b. 1926). * 2017 Alfred Gadenne, Belgian politician (b. 1946). * 2017 Peter Hall, English theatre and film director (b. 1930). == Observances == * National Day of Catalonia. * Patriot Day in the US. * Ethiopian New Year. Category:Days of the year