Title: October 4 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 23 Rebels capture the then-Chinese capital city Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. They kill and behead the Emperor, Wang Mang, two days later. * 610 Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, otherthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. * 1511 Formation of a Holy League of Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Papal States, and the Republic of Venice against France. * 1535 The first complete English language Bible is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale. * 1582 Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15, skipping over 10 days. * 1636 Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock. * 1693 Battle of Marsaglia: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French. * 1725 The city of Rosario, Argentina is founded. * 1744 British sailing ship Victory is last seen, near the Channel Islands in the English Channel. During the night, it sinks, killing 1,150 people. * 1777 American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of Germantown, troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe. * 1824 Mexico becomes a republic. * 1830 Creation of the state of Belgium after separation from The Netherlands. * 1853 Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia. * 1883 First run of the Orient Express * 1883 First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland. * 1895 The first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship run by the United States Golf Association was played on a nine-hole course in Newport, Rhode Island. === 1901 2000 === * 1910 Portugal becomes a republic. King Manuel II flees to Britain. * 1917 World War I: The Battle of Broadseinde is fought between British and German armies in Flanders. * 1918 An explosion kills more than 100 people and destroys the T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant in Sayreville, New Jersey. * 1927 Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore. * 1943 World War II: US forces re-capture the Solomon Islands. * 1957 Launch of Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. * 1958 The Fifth Republic of France established. * 1959 The Soviet Union sends the Lunik 3 probe to the Moon. * 1960 An Eastern Airlines Lockheed L-188 Electra flying from Boston crashes killing 62 people after a bird strike. * 1963 Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 mph, driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert, Nevada. * 1965 Pope Paul VI becomes the first Pope to visit the United States, as he arrives in New York City. * 1966 Basutoland becomes independent from the United Kingdom and is renamed Lesotho. * 1967 Omar Ali Saifuddin III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, Hassanal Bolkiah. * 1974 Founding of the New Democracy political party in Greece. * 1983 Richard Noble sets a new land-speed record of 633.468 miles per hour (1,019 kilometres per hour), driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada. * 1985 The Free Software Foundation is founded in Massachusetts. * 1988 Jim Bakker is indicted for fraud. * 1991 The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was opened for signature. * 1992 An El Al Boeing 747-200F crashes into 2 apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 including 38 on the ground. See Bijlmerramp. * 1992 The Rome General Peace Accords end the 16-year civil war in Mozambique. * 1993 At the climax of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin orders army tanks to begin the storming of the Russian parliament building. * 1997 The second-largest cash robbery in United States history takes place in Charlotte, North Carolina. * 1998 Leafie Mason of Hughes Springs, Texas is murdered by Angel Maturino Resendiz. She is Angel's second victim in his second incident. === From 2001 === * 2001 A Sibir Airlines Tupolev TU-154 crashes into the Black Sea after being struck by an errant Ukrainian S-200 missile. 78 people are killed. * 2003 Maxim restaurant suicide bombing: A female Palestinian suicide bomber, Hanadi Jaradat, exploded inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. 21 Israelis, Jews and Arabs, were killed, and 51 others were wounded. * 2004 SpaceShipOne wins Ansari X Prize for private spaceflight. * 2006 WikiLeaks is launched by Julian Assange. * 2006 Lesotho changes its flag. * 2010 Toxic red sludge escapes from the Ajka alumina plant in western Hungary, causing an environmental disaster and killing at least nine people. * 2016 Hurricane Matthew hits Haiti and the Dominican Republic, causing flooding, destroying homes and killing seven people. == Births == === Up to 1850 === * 1160 Alys, Countess of Vexin (died 1220) * 1268 King Eric II of Norway (died 1299) * 1274 Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria (died 1319) * 1276 Margaret of Brabant, Queen of Germany (died 1311) * 1289 King Louis X of France (died 1316) * 1379 King Henry III of Castile (died 1406) * 1515 Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (died 1586) * 1542 Robert Bellarmine, Italian saint (died 1621) * 1550 King Charles IX of Sweden (died 1611) * 1562 Christian Sorensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer (died 1647) * 1585 Anna of Tyrol, Empress Consort of the Holy Roman Empire (died 1618) * 1625 Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and nun (died 1661) * 1626 Richard Cromwell, English politician (died 1712) * 1633 Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (died 1714) * 1657 Francesco Solimena, Italian painter (died 1747) * 1687 Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (died 1768) * 1720 Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian painter (died 1778) * 1759 Antoine Arbogast, French mathematician (died 1803) * 1787 François Guizot, French statesman (died 1874) * 1797 Jeremias Gotthelf, Swiss writer (died 1854) * 1808 Giovanni Battista Pioda, Swiss politician and diplomat (died 1882) * 1814 Jean-François Millet, French painter (died 1875) * 1819 Francesco Crispi, Italian politician (died 1901) * 1822 Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States (died 1893) * 1833 John Anderson, Scottish zoologist (died 1900) * 1835 Grigory Potanin, Russian explorer (died 1920) * 1836 Juliette Adam, French writer and activist (died 1936) * 1837 Mary Elizabeth Braddon, English writer (died 1915) * 1841 Prudente José de Morais Barros, President of Brazil (died 1912) * 1841 Maria Sophie of Bavaria, Queen of the Two Sicilies (died 1925) * 1843 Marie Alphonsine Danil Ghattas, Palestinian nun and saint (died 1927) === 1851 1900 === * 1858 Michael Pupin, telephone pioneer, Pulitzer Prize winning writer (died 1935) * 1861 Frederic Remington, American painter (died 1909) * 1862 Edward Stratemeyer, American writer (died 1930) * 1863 Samuel Prescott Bush, American industrialist (died 1948) * 1868 Marcelo T. de Alvear, Argentine politician (died 1942) * 1876 Hugh McCrae, Australian writer (died 1958) * 1877 Razor Smith, English cricketer (died 1946) * 1880 Damon Runyon, writer (died 1946) * 1881 Walther von Brauchitsch, German Commander-in-Chief (died 1948) * 1886 Erich Fellgiebel, German military officer and Resistance activist (died 1944) * 1888 Friedrich Olbricht, German general and Resistance activist (died 1944) * 1892 Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician (died 1934) * 1895 Buster Keaton, American comedian, producer and actor (died 1966) * 1895 Richard Sorge, German-Soviet spy (died 1944) * 1899 Franz Jonas, President of Austria (died 1974) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 John Vincent Atanasoff, American computer pioneer (died 1995) * 1903 Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German military officer (died 1946) * 1913 Martial Celestin, Prime Minister of Haiti (died 2011) * 1914 Jim Cairns, Australian politician (died 2003) * 1916 Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist (died 2009) * 1916 Jan Murray, American comedian, actor and game show host (died 2006) * 1916 George Sidney, American director (died 2002) * 1917 Luis Carniglia, Argentine footballer (died 2001) * 1917 Jan Murray, American comedienne (died 2006) * 1918 Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist (died 1998) * 1918 Giovanni Cheli, Italian cardinal (died 2013) * 1921 Francisco Morales-Bermúdez, former President of Peru (died 2022) * 1922 Malcolm Baldridge, American politician (died 1987) * 1922 Don Lenhardt, American baseball player (died 2014) * 1923 Charlton Heston, American actor (died 2008) * 1927 Virginia Luque, Argentine actress and singer (died 2014) * 1928 Alvin Toffler, American writer and futurist (died 2016) * 1930 Svava Jakobsdóttir, Icelandic author and politician (died 2004) * 1931 Richard Rorty, American philosopher and academic (died 2007) * 1931 Basil D'Oliveira, South African-born cricketer (died 2011) * 1931 Terence Conran, English designer, restaurateur, retailer and writer * 1931 Thane Baker, American athlete * 1933 German Moreno, Filipino television host, actor and comedian (died 2016) * 1934 Sam Huff, American football player * 1936 Cynthia McLeod, Surinamese writer, daughter of Johan Ferrier * 1937 Franz Vranitzky, former Chancellor of Austria * 1937 Jackie Collins, English writer (died 2015) * 1937 Jim Sillars, Scottish politician * 1938 Kurt Wüthrich, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate * 1939 Ivan Mauger, New Zealand speedway rider (died 2018) * 1940 Silvio Marzolini, Argentine footballer * 1941 Anne Rice, American writer * 1942 Johanna Sigurdardottir, former Prime Minister of Iceland * 1942 Karl W. Richter, American lieutenant and pilot (died 1967) * 1943 H. Rap Brown (Jamil Al-Amin), American civil rights activist * 1943 Buddy Roemer, former Governor of Louisiana (d. 2021) * 1943 Owen Davidson, Australian tennis player * 1946 Susan Sarandon, American actress * 1946 Chuck Hagel, American politician * 1946 Bridget St. John, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1947 Jim Fielder, American bass player * 1947 Julien Clerc, French singer * 1947 Ann Widdecombe, British politician * 1949 Antonello Cuccureddu, Italian footballer and coach * 1949 Armand Assante, actor * 1949 Ally Hunter, Scottish footballer === 1951 1975 === * 1953 Tchéky Karyo, actor * 1955 John Rutherford, Scottish rugby player * 1955 Andy Pichler, Austrian footballer * 1955 Jorge Valdano, Argentine footballer * 1956 Christoph Waltz, Austrian actor * 1958 Yevgeny Bushmin, Russian politician (died 2019) * 1958 Anneka Rice, Welsh television and radio presenter * 1959 Chris Lowe, English musician (Pet Shop Boys) * 1959 Tony Meo, English snooker player * 1960 Henry Worsley, English explorer (died 2016) * 1961 Kazuki Takahashi, Japanese writer and artist * 1961 Philippe Russo, French singer-songwriter * 1962 Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer * 1962 Marc Minkowski, French conductor * 1963 A.C. Green, American basketball player * 1963 Mark Powley, English actor * 1964 Francis Magalona, Filipino entertainer (died 2009) * 1964 Sarah Lancashire, English actress * 1964 Yvonne Murray, Scottish athlete * 1967 Liev Schreiber, actor * 1967 Marcus Bentley, British voice actor * 1968 Beverley Allitt, British nurse and serial killer * 1975 Cristiano Lucarelli, Italian footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 Alicia Silverstone, American actress * 1976 Mauro Camoranesi, Argentine-Italian footballer * 1976 Ueli Steck, Swiss climber (died 2017) * 1977 Richard Parry, Canadian musician and songwriter * 1978 Kei Horie, Japanese actor, director, producer and screenwriter * 1979 Björn Phau, German tennis player * 1979 Rachael Leigh Cook, American actress and model * 1980 Tomas Rosicky, Czech footballer * 1982 Kasia Madera, British television journalist * 1982 Ilhan Omar, Somali-born American politician * 1984 Elena Sergeyevna Katina, Russian musician (t.A.T.u.) * 1985 Shontelle, Barbadian singer-songwriter * 1985 Thorsten Wiedemann, German rugby player * 1986 Sara Forestier, French actress * 1986 Yuridia, Mexican singer * 1987 Juan Pablo García, Mexican racing driver * 1987 Marina Weisband, German politician * 1988 Evgeni Krasnopolski, Israeli figure skater * 1988 Melissa Benoist, American actress and singer * 1988 Derrick Rose, American basketball player * 1988 Magdaléna Rybáriková, Slovakian tennis player * 1989 Kimmie Meissner, American figure skater * 1989 Lil Mama, American singer and rapper * 1989 Stacey Solomon, English singer * 1989 Dakota Johnson, American model and actress * 1991 Leigh-Anne Pinnock, English singer (Little Mix) * 1994 Ignazio Boschetto, Italian singer (Il Volo) * 1995 Mikolas Josef, Czech singer, musician and model * 1997 Yuju, South Korean singer * 2005 Prince Emmanuel of Belgium == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1052 Vladimir of Novgorod (born 1020) * 1250 Herman VI, Margrave of Baden (born 1226) * 1305 Emperor Kameyama of Japan (born 1249) * 1582 Teresa of Avila, Spanish saint (born 1515) * 1597 Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (born 1550) * 1661 Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and nun (born 1625) * 1669 Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (born 1606) * 1680 Pierre-Paul Riquet, French engineer (born 1609) * 1747 Amaro Pargo, Spanish pirate (born 1678) * 1785 David Brearly, American statesman (born 1703) * 1821 John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer (born 1761) * 1851 Manuel de Godoy, Prince of Peace, Spanish politician (born 1767) * 1852 James Whitcomb, 8th Governor of Indiana (born 1795) * 1859 Karl Baedeker, German publisher (born 1801) * 1890 Catherine Booth, co-founder of the Salvation Army (born 1829) === 1901 2000 === * 1903 Otto Weininger, Austrian philosopher (born 1880) * 1904 Karl Bayer, Austrian chemist (born 1847) * 1904 Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor (born 1834) * 1910 Sergey Muromtsev, Russian lawyer and politician (born 1850) * 1915 Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (born 1860) * 1943 Irena Illakowicz, Polish lieutenant and intelligence agent (born 1906) * 1944 Al Smith, American politician (born 1873) * 1946 Barney Oldfield, American automobile pioneer (born 1878) * 1947 Max Planck, German physicist (born 1858) * 1951 Henrietta Lacks, American medical patient (born 1920) * 1955 Alexander Papagos, Greek general and political leader (born 1883) * 1970 Janis Joplin, American singer-songwriter (born 1943) * 1974 Anne Sexton, American poet (born 1928) * 1981 Freddie Lindstrom, American baseball player (born 1905) * 1982 Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Greek politician (born 1898) * 1982 Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (born 1932) * 1989 Graham Chapman, British comedian, writer, doctor (born 1941) * 1989 Secretariat, Triple Crown-winning race horse (born 1970) * 1991 J. Frank Wilson, American singer (born 1941) * 1992 Denny Hulme, New Zealand racing driver (born 1936) * 1996 Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (born 1913) * 1997 Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese game developer (born 1941) * 2000 Michael Smith, biochemist (born 1932) * 2000 Yu Kwo-hwa, Taiwanese Premier (born 1914) === From 2001 === * 2001 John Collins, American jazz guitarist (born 1913) * 2003 Sid McMath, 34th Governor of Arkansas (born 1912) * 2004 Gordon Cooper, American astronaut (born 1927) * 2005 Stanley K. Hathaway, Governor of Wyoming (born 1924) * 2009 Shoichi Nakagawa, Japanese politician (born 1953) * 2009 Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer (born 1935) * 2009 Günther Rall, German fighter ace (born 1918) * 2010 Norman Wisdom, British actor and comedian (born 1915) * 2011 Yelena Chernykh, Russian theatre actress (born 1979) * 2013 Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese general and politician (born 1911) * 2013 Nicholas Oresko, American sergeant (born 1917) * 2014 Jean- Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc), President of Haiti (born 1951) * 2014 Paul Revere, American musician (Paul Revere and the Raiders) (b. 1938) * 2014 Hugo Carvana, Brazilian actor (born 1937) * 2014 Fyodor Cherenkov, Russian footballer (born 1959) * 2015 José Eduardo Dutra, Brazilian businessman and politician (born 1957) * 2015 J. Whyatt Mondesire, American journalist and activist (born 1949) * 2016 Mario Almada, Mexican actor (born 1922) * 2016 Brigitte Hamann, German- Austrian historian and author (born 1940) * 2017 Davoud Ahmadinejad, Iranian politician (born 1950) * 2017 Liam Cosgrave, Irish politician, Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland (born 1920) * 2017 John R. Miller, American politician and activist (born 1938) * 2017 Jesús Mosterín, Spanish anthropologist and philosopher (born 1941) * 2018 Dave Anderson, American sports writer (born 1929) * 2018 Jeanne Ashworth, American speed skater (born 1938) * 2018 Hamiet Bluiett, American jazz saxophonist (born 1940) * 2018 Kurt Malangré, German politician (born 1934) * 2018 José Sacal, Mexican sculptor (born 1944) * 2018 Will Vinton, American animator (born 1947) * 2019 Mikhail Biryukov, Russian tennis player (born 1992) * 2019 Diahann Carroll, American actress and singer (born 1935) * 2019 Bill McKnight, Canadian politician (born 1940) == Observances == * Independence Day (Lesotho) * Day of Peace and Reconciliation (Mozambique) * World Animal Day * Saint Francis of Assisi (Roman Catholicism) * BB Founder’s Day (The Boys’ Brigade) October 04