Title: November 11 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1100 - Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. * 1417 - Pope Martin V is elected. * 1500 - Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand III of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples. * 1620 – In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the Mayflower, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony. * 1648 – France and the Netherlands agree to divide the island of Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. * 1675 – Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the y=x function. * 1675 – Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. * 1750 - Riots break out Lhasa after the murder of the Tibetan regent. * 1839 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia. * 1855 - An earthquake near Edo, now Tokyo, kills 6,000 people. * 1864 – American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south. * 1865 - The Treaty of Sinchula is signed: Bhutan gives areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company. * 1880 – Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hung in Melbourne. * 1887 - Haymarket trials: August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed. * 1887 - Building work begins on the Manchester Ship Canal. * 1889 – Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state. === 1901 2000 === * 1918 – World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. * 1918 – Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. * 1918 – Emperor Charles I of Austria abdicates. * 1919 - Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence. * 1921 – The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery. * 1926 - The US' numbered Highway system is introduced. * 1930 - Patent number US1781541 is given to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator. * 1934 - The Shrine of Remembrance is opened in Melbourne, Australia. * 1940 – World War II: The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto. * 1940 - The Armistice Day Blizzard kills 144 people in the Midwestern United States. * 1942 - World War II: Germany completes its occupation of France. * 1954 - The Two Towers, part of the trilogy of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, is released in the UK. * 1960 - In South Vietnam, a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem is crushed. * 1965 – Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith. * 1966 – NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12. * 1967 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the NLF and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden. * 1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam. * 1968 – A second republic is declared in Maldives. * 1972 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam. * 1975 – Angola becomes independent from Portugal, with Agostinho Neto as president. * 1975 – Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as Prime Minister. * 1978 – Maumoon Gayoom succeeds Ibrahim Nasir as the President of the Republic of the Maldives. * 1978 – A renovated Hollywood sign is unveiled, replacing the older version that was built in 1923. * 1981 - Antigua and Barbuda joins the UN. * 1986 – Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys. They become the second largest computer company. * 1992 – The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests. * 1997 – Mary McAleese was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland. * 2000 – In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel. === From 2001 === * 2004 – New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington * 2004 – Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization minutes after the death of Yasser Arafat. * 2004 – Official Guided by Voices Day in San Diego, California. * 2004 – Mary McAleese was inaugurated for a second term as President of Ireland. * 2006 - Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London. * 2008 – The ship RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 sets sail for its last voyage. * 2008 – Mohamed Nasheed succeeds Maumoon Gayoom as President of the Maldives. * 2011 – Michael D. Higgins is inaugurated as President of Ireland. * 2014 - 58 people are killed in a bus crash in Sukkur District in Pakistan's southern province of Sindh. * 2018 - Ceremonies take place worldwide to mark 100 years since the end of World War I; several political leaders gather in France, while Frank-Walter Steinmeier becomes the first German Head of state to take part in the official Remembrance Day commemorations in London. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 995 - Gisela of Swabia (d. 1041) * 1050 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106) * 1154 – King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212) * 1155 – King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214) * 1220 - Alphonse, Count of Poitiers (d. 1271) * 1441 – Charlotte of Savoy, Queen of France (d. 1483) * 1491 - Martin Bucer, Alsatian theologian and religious reformer (d. 1551) * 1493 – Paracelsus, Swiss physician, alchemist and mystic (d. 1541) * 1493 - Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569) * 1569 - Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and alchemist (d. 1611) * 1579 - Frans Snyders, Flemish painter (d. 1657) * 1599 - Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1655) * 1668 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736) * 1696 - Andrea Zani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1757) * 1733 - Philip John Schuyler, American politician and soldier (d. 1804) * 1743 - Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828) * 1744 – Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818) * 1748 - King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819) * 1758 - Caleb P. Bennett, Governor of Delaware (d. 1836) * 1781 - Caroline Bardua, German painter (d. 1864) * 1791 - Josef Munzinger, Swiss politician (d. 1855) * 1792 - Mary Anne Disraeli, Welsh wife of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (d. 1872) * 1799 - Charles Bent, Territorial Governor of New Mexico (d. 1847) === 1801 1900 === * 1821 – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881) * 1831 - Willard Fiske, American librarian and scholar (d. 1904) * 1835 – Matthias Jochumsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1920) * 1848 - Zinovy Rozhdestvensky, Russian admiral (d. 1909) * 1854 - William Yates Atkinson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1899) * 1858 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884) * 1863 – Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935) * 1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist (d. 1921) * 1869 – Gaetano Bresci, Italian anarchist (d. 1901) * 1869 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1946) * 1872 - Maude Adams, American actress (d. 1953) * 1872 - David I. Walsh, 46th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1947) * 1882 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973) * 1883 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969) * 1885 – George S. Patton, American general (d. 1945) * 1887 - Roland Young, English actor (d. 1953) * 1888 - Abul Kalam Azad, Indian independence activist (d. 1958) * 1891 - Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (d. 1954) * 1893 - Paul van Zeeland, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1973) * 1894 - Beverly Bayne, American silent movie actress (d. 1982) * 1896 - Lucky Luciano, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1962) * 1898 - René Clair, French movie director (d. 1981) * 1899 - Pat O'Brien, American movie actor (d. 1983) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 – Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (d. 1945) * 1901 – Sam Spiegel, Austrian-American movie director (d. 1985) * 1904 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1996) * 1904 - J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960) * 1904 - Andrzej Bogucki, Polish actor, operetta singer and songwriter (d. 1978) * 1909 - Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973) * 1910 - Carl A. Wirtanen, American astronomer (d. 1990) * 1911 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (d. 2002) * 1912 - Nina Andrycz, Polish actress (d. 2014) * 1914 - Howard Fast, American writer (d. 2003) * 1915 - Anna Schwartz, American economist and writer (d. 2012) * 1917 - Manuel Alexandre, Spanish actor (d. 2010) * 1918 - Stubby Kaye, American actor (d. 1997) * 1920 – Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003) * 1921 - Terrel Bell, American politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Education (d. 1996) * 1922 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (d. 2007) * 1925 - John Guillermin, English director, writer and producer (d. 2015) * 1925 – June Whitfield, English actress (d. 2018) * 1925 - Jonathan Winters, American comedy actor (d. 2013) * 1926 - Torfi Bryngeirsson, Icelandic long jumper (d. 1995) * 1926 - Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998) * 1926 - Noah Gordon, American novelist * 1926 - Maria Teresa de Filippis, Italian racing driver (d. 2016) * 1927 - Mose Allison, American jazz musician (d. 2016) * 1928 - Joseph Mercieca, former Archbishop of Malta (d. 2016) * 1928 - Ernestine Anderson, American singer (d. 2016) * 1928 - Gracita Morales, Spanish actress and singer (d. 1995) * 1928 – Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer (d. 2012) * 1929 – Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer * 1929 - LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997) * 1930 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (d. 1982) * 1930 - Vernon Handley, English conductor (d. 2008) * 1930 - Mildred Dresselhaus, American physicist (d. 2017) * 1932 - Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist * 1936 - Mala Sinha, Bollywood movie actress * 1936 - Susan Kohner, American actress * 1937 - André Brugiroux, French traveler and writer * 1937 - Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat * 1938 - Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast * 1938 - Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater (d. 2015) * 1940 - Barbara Boxer, American politician and United States Senator for California * 1944 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor * 1945 – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua * 1945 - Vince Martell, American musician * 1945 - Chris Dreja, English guitarist * 1948 - René Harris, President of Nauru (d. 2008) * 1950 - Jim Peterik, American musician === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Kim Peek, American megasavant (d. 2009) * 1951 - Fuzzy Zoeller, American golfer * 1953 - Marshall Crenshaw, American rock music singer * 1953 - Andy Partridge, British musician and singer- songwriter * 1953 - Evelyn Matthei, Chilean politician * 1955 - Friedrich Merz, German politician * 1955 - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, former King of Bhutan * 1956 - José Luis Brown, Argentine footballer (d. 2019) * 1956 - Ian Craig Marsh, English guitarist * 1958 - Luz Casal, Spanish singer * 1958 - Kathy Lette, Australian author * 1960 - Marcel Koller, Swiss footballer and coach * 1960 - Stanley Tucci, American actor and director * 1960 - Cristina Odone, Italian journalist, writer and editor * 1960 - Chuck Hernandez, American baseball player and coach * 1961 - Luca Zingaretti, Italian actor * 1962 – James Morrison, Australian musician * 1962 – Demi Moore, American actress * 1964 – Calista Flockhart, American actress * 1966 - Benedicta Boccoli, Italian actress * 1966 - Alison Doody, Irish actress and model * 1966 - Paul Monaghan, Scottish politician * 1968 - Peaches, Canadian-German singer-songwriter, DJ, producer and actress * 1968 - Alfredo Reinado, East Timorese rebel leader (d. 2008) * 1969 - Carson Kressley, American television host and fashion designer * 1970 – Lee Battersby, Australian writer * 1971 - Jennifer Celotta, American director, producer and screenwriter * 1972 - Tyler Christopher, American actor * 1973 - Jason White, American musician (Green Day) * 1974 – Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor === From 1976 === * 1977 – Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002) * 1977 – Maniche, Portuguese footballer * 1978 - Ludmilla Radchenko, Russian actress * 1978 – Erik Edman, Swedish footballer * 1981 – Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg * 1981 – Raphael Gualazzi, Italian pianist and singer * 1981 – Natalie Glebova, Russian-Canadian beauty queen, Miss Universe 2005 * 1982 - Gonzalo Canale, Argentine-born Italian rugby player * 1983 – Philipp Lahm, German footballer * 1983 - Arouna Koné, Ivorian footballer * 1986 - Greta Salóme Stefánsdóttir, Icelandic singer, songwriter and violinist * 1986 – François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player * 1987 - Yuya Tegoshi, Japanese singer and actor * 1989 – Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) * 1989 - Adam Rippon, American figure skater * 1990 - Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer * 1990 - Tom Dumoulin, Dutch cyclist * 1991 - Christa B. Allen, American actress * 1993 - Jamaal Lascelles, English footballer * 1994 - Ellie Simmonds, British Paralympic swimmer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 855 - Petronas, Byzantine Empire general * 1028 - Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor * 1130 - Theresa, Countess of Portugal (b. 1080) * 1189 - William II of Sicily (b. 1153) * 1623 - Philippe de Mornay, French theorist (b. 1549) * 1686 – Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor and politician (b. 1602) * 1724 - Joseph Blake, English outlaw and highwayman (b. 1700) * 1751 - Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French physician and philosopher (b. 1709) * 1831 – Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800) * 1855 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813) * 1861 – King Pedro V of Portugal (b. 1837) * 1862 - James Madison Porter, American lawyer and politician (b. 1793) * 1880 – Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (b. 1855) * 1880 – Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793) * 1887 - Haymarket affair executions: **George Engel, German-American businessman and activist (b. 1836) **Adolph Fischer, German-American printer and activist (b. 1858) **Albert Parsons, American journalist and activist (b. 1848) **August Spies, American journalist and activist (b. 1855) === 1901 2000 === * 1917 – Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838) * 1918 – George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier (b. 1892) * 1918 - Victor Adler, Austrian politician (b. 1852) * 1919 - Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter (b. 1832) * 1919 - Felix von Hartmann, German cardinal (b. 1861) * 1938 - Typhoid Mary, Irish-American carrier of typhoid fever (b. 1869) * 1939 - Jan Opletal, Czech student (b. 1915) * 1945 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885) * 1948 - Fred Niblo, American movie actor, director and producer (b. 1874) * 1950 - Alexandros Diomidis, Greek banker and statesman (b. 1875) * 1953 - Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1866) * 1968 – Jeanne Demessieux, French composer (b. 1921) * 1972 - Berry Oakley, American musician (b. 1948) * 1973 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist (b. 1895) * 1976 – Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898) * 1977 - Greta Keller, Austrian-American actress and singer (b. 1903) * 1979 - Dmitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-American composer and conductor (b. 1894) * 1984 - Martin Luther King, Sr., American civil rights figure (b. 1899) * 1985 – Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1959) * 1990 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (b. 1909) * 1993 - Erskine Hawkins, American trumpeter and big band leader (b. 1914) * 1994 – Pedro Zamora, Cuban-American AIDS activist (b. 1972) * 1994 - John A. Volpe, 61st Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1908) * 1997 - Rod Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950) * 1999 – Vivian Fuchs, British geologist and polar explorer (b. 1908) * 2000 - Sandra Schmidt, German skier (b. 1981) === From 2001 === * 2004 – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (b. 1929) * 2004 – Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948) * 2005 – Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, British photographer (b. 1939) * 2010 - Marie Osborne, American actress (b. 1911) * 2012 - Rex Hunt, former British Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1926) * 2013 - Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1917) * 2013 - Stein Grieg Halvorsen, Norwegian theatre actor (b. 1909) * 2014 - John Doar, American lawyer (b. 1921) * 2014 - Carol Ann Susi, American actress (b. 1952) * 2014 - Harry Lonsdale, American scientist, entrepreneur and politician (b. 1932) * 2015 - Nathaniel Marston, American actor (b. 1975) * 2015 - Phil Taylor, English musician (Motörhead) (b. 1954) * 2016 - Robert Vaughn, American actor (b. 1932) * 2016 - Aki Schmidt, German footballer (b. 1935) * 2016 - Ilse Aichinger, Austrian writer (b. 1921) * 2017 - Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1927) * 2017 - Valery Rozov, Russian BASE jumper (b. 1964) * 2017 - Ian Wachtmeister, Swedish business executive and politician (b. 1932) * 2017 - Henry Emeleus, British geologist (b. 1930) * 2018 - D. J. Finney, British statistician (b. 1917) * 2018 - Olga Harmony, Mexican playwright (b. 1928) * 2018 - Wayne Maunder, Canadian-American actor (b. 1937) * 2018 - Douglas Rain, Canadian actor (b. 1928) * 2018 - Frankie Schneider, American NASCAR driver (b. 1926) * 2019 - Zeke Bratkowski, American football player (b. 1931) * 2019 - Frank Dobson, British politician (b. 1940) * 2019 - Winston Lackin, Surinamese politician (b. 1954) * 2019 - James Le Mesurier, British army officer and aid worker (b. 1971) * 2019 - Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (b. 1933) * 2019 - Mümtaz Soysal, Turkish politician and lawyer (b. 1929) * 2019 - Edward Zacca, Acting Governor-General of Jamaica (b. 1931) == Observances == * Christian feast day of Martin of Tours (St. Martin) * Remembrance Day (some English-speaking countries) * Veterans Day (United States) * Armistice Day (France, Belgium) * Independence Day (Poland, Angola) * Lacplesis Day (Latvia) * Republic Day (Maldives) * Singles Day (China) * Women's Day (Belgium) Category:Days of the year