Title: July 30 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 634 Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine Empire forces under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh in present-day Israel. * 762 Baghdad is founded. * 1419 First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill 7 members of the Prague city council. * 1502 Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay of Islands off present-day Honduras during his fourth voyage. * 1619 Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative factory in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, meets for the first time. * 1629 An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills around 10,000 people. * 1635 Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins. Frederick Henry, Prince Orange begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish army. * 1656 Swedish forces under Charles X Gustaf of Sweden defeat forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw. * 1676 Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the people of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion, against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. * 1729 The city of Baltimore in Maryland is founded. * 1775 James Cook returns to England from his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean. * 1792 La Marseillaise, the current national anthem of France, is sung for the first time. * 1811 The Mexican revolutionary Miguel Hidalgo is executed. * 1859 First successful climb of Grand Combin in the Alps. * 1863 American Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah. * 1864 American Civil War: Battle of the Crater - Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches. * 1865 The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers. * 1871 The Staten Island ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people. === 1901 2000 === * 1912 Emperor Meiji of Japan dies, being succeeded by his son Yoshihito, now known as Emperor Taisho. * 1917 An earthquake in China kills around 1,800 people. * 1930 Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup, beating Argentina 4-2 in the final. * 1932 The 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin. * 1932 Walt Disney's "Flowers and Trees" is shown for the first time. It is the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award-winning short. * 1945 World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 people. * 1956 'In God We Trust' becomes the national motto of the United States. * 1962 The Trans-Canada Highway opens. * 1965 In the US, the Medicare insurance programme for senior citizens is signed into law. * 1966 England wins the FIFA World Cup, beating West Germany 4-2, in a match that included the disputed Wembley Goal. * 1971 An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 aircraft and a Japanese Air Force F-86 plane collide over Morioka, Japan, killing 162 people. * 1971 Apollo program: Apollo 15 mission - David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover. * 1975 Teamsters Union President Jimmy Hoffa disappears from a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, and is never seen or heard from again. * 1978 Car traffic in Okinawa switches from the right to the left side of the road. * 1980 The New Hebrides become independent, and change their name to Vanuatu. * 1991 Luciano Pavarotti celebrates 30 years in opera by giving a free concert in Hyde Park, London. * 2000 Norway gifts the Heimaey Stave Church to Iceland to mark the country's 1000 years of Christianity. === From 2001 === * 2003 The last Old Style Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line in Mexico. * 2004 Gas pipeline explodes in the village of Ghislenghien in Belgium, killing 24 people and injuring 132. * 2006 The BBC music programme Top of the Pops is shown for the last time, after a run of more than 42 years. * 2006 The Israeli air force bombs the town of Qana in Lebanon, killing 28 people. * 2007 Movie directors Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman die on the same day as each other. * 2008 Radovan Karadzic is transferred to The Hague after being arrested on war crimes charges. * 2009 A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. ETA carried out the attack. * 2012 A massive power grid failure affects 22 states and over 700 million people in northern India. * 2012 A train fire in Andhra Pradesh, India, kills 32 people. * 2017 Russian President Vladimir Putin expels 755 American diplomats in response to US sanctions against Russia. * 2018 Parliamentary and Presidential elections are held in Zimbabwe, the first ones to take place since the resignation of Robert Mugabe. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1470 Hongzhi Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (d. 1505) * 1511 Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer and architect (d. 1574) * 1549 Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609) * 1641 Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673) * 1683 Countess Sophie of Erbach-Erbach, German aristocrat (d. 1742) * 1751 Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829) * 1763 Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855) * 1813 William Spurrell, Welsh printer and publisher (d. 1889) * 1818 Emily Brontë, English writer (d. 1848) * 1818 Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897) * 1825 Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor, academic and memoirs writer (d. 1893) * 1832 George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (d. 1890) * 1833 Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (d. 1896) * 1855 Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919) * 1856 Richard Burton Haldane, Scottish philosopher, lawyer and statesman (d. 1928) * 1857 Thorstein Veblen, American political economist (d. 1929) * 1863 Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947) * 1872 Princess Clementine of Belgium (d. 1955) * 1881 Smedley Butler, American marine general (d. 1940) * 1887 Marquard Schwarz, American swimmer (d. 1968) * 1888 Werner Jaeger, German classical philologist (d. 1961) * 1888 Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982) * 1890 Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975) * 1893 Fatimah Jinnah, sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1967) * 1895 Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963) * 1898 Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Alfred Lepine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955) * 1904 Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974) * 1909 C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and writer (d. 1993) * 1910 Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (d. 2003) * 1914 Lord Killanin, Irish Olympic official (d. 1999) * 1915 Francisco Urcuyo Maliaños, Nicaraguan politician (d. 2001) * 1919 Berniece Baker Miracle, American author * 1920 Marie Tharp, American scientist (d. 2006) * 1925 Antoine Duhamel, French composer (d. 2014) * 1925 Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor (d. 2015) * 1925 Stan Stennett, Welsh actor (d. 2013) * 1926 Martin Nag, Norwegian writer (d. 2015) * 1927 Tony Hiller, British songwriter (d. 2018) * 1927 Richard Johnson, English actor, writer and producer (d. 2015) * 1927 Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001) * 1928 Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster * 1928 Chris Howland, British-German singer, presenter, actor and writer (d. 2013) * 1930 Tony Lip, American actor (d. 2013) * 1934 Bud Selig, American businessman and Commissioner of Baseball * 1936 Buddy Guy, American Blues guitarist and singer * 1936 Infanta Pilar of Spain * 1938 Hervé de Charette, French politician * 1939 Peter Bogdanovich, American director * 1940 Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor * 1941 Paul Anka, Lebanese-Canadian singer * 1943 Giovanni Goria, 46th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994) * 1943 Giuseppe Versaldi, Italian cardinal * 1944 Peter Bottomley, English politician * 1944 Frances de la Tour, English actress * 1945 Patrick Modiano, French novelist * 1945 David Sanborn, American jazz saxophonist * 1947 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner * 1947 Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder and former Governor of California * 1947 William Atherton, American actor * 1948 Jean Reno, Moroccan- French actor * 1948 James H. Burnley IV, American politician * 1950 Harriet Harman, British politician * 1950 Frank Stallone, American singer === 1951 1975 === * 1954 Ken Olin, American actor, producer and actor * 1955 Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor * 1957 Bill Cartwright, American basketball player * 1957 Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer * 1958 Kate Bush, British singer * 1958 Daley Thompson, British athlete * 1958 Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter * 1959 Petra Felke, German athlete * 1960 Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic * 1960 Richard Linklater, American director * 1961 Laurence Fishburne, American actor * 1962 Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (d. 2015) * 1963 Lisa Kudrow, American actress * 1963 Chris Mullin, American basketball player * 1964 Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer * 1964 Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director * 1966 Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter * 1966 Lisa Madigan, American politician * 1968 Sean Moore, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers) * 1968 Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker * 1968 Terry Crews, American actor * 1968 Sofie Grabol, Danish actress * 1969 Simon Baker, Australian-American actor * 1969 Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer * 1970 Alun Cairns, Welsh politician * 1970 Christopher Nolan, English movie director * 1971 Claude Dambury, French footballer * 1971 Tom Green, American actor and comedian * 1971 Christine Taylor, American actress * 1973 Sonu Nigam, Indian singer * 1973 Dean Edwards, American actor and comedian * 1973 Clementa C. Pinckney, American pastor and politician (d. 2015) * 1974 Hilary Swank, American actress * 1974 Jason Robinson, English rugby player === From 1976 === * 1977 Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist * 1977 Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach * 1977 Derek Mackay, Scottish politician * 1977 Ian Watkins, Welsh singer * 1977 Jaime Pressly, American actress * 1979 Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer * 1980 Justin Rose, English golfer * 1981 Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017) * 1981 Hope Solo, American soccer player * 1981 Lisa Goldstein, American actress * 1982 Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress * 1982 James Anderson, English cricketer * 1983 Sean Dillon, Irish footballer * 1985 Daniel Friedheim Holm, Norwegian footballer * 1988 Lara Jean Marshall, English-Australian actress, singer and dancer * 1990 Coco Sumner, British singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1991 Diana Vickers, British singer * 1992 Fabiano Caruana, American chess player * 1992 Hannah Cockroft, British Paralympic athlete * 1993 Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48) * 1995 Jorge Cori, Peruvian chess player * 1995 Hirving Lozano, Mexican footballer * 1999 Joey King, American actress * 2002 Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese Royal == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 578 Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa * 579 Pope Benedict I * 734 Tatwine, Archbishop of Canterbury * 1540 Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (b. 1497) * 1540 Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (b. 1495) * 1652 Charles Amédée de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624) * 1680 Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634) * 1683 Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638) * 1691 Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639) * 1715 Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652) * 1718 William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644) * 1771 Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716) * 1789 Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. 1713) * 1811 Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1753) * 1875 George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825) * 1898 Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor (b. 1815) * 1900 Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844) === 1901 2000 === * 1908 James Budd, Governor of California (b. 1851) * 1912 Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852) * 1918 Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886) * 1927 Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848) * 1930 Joan Gamper, Swiss-Catalan businessman (b. 1877) * 1938 John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878) * 1947 Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860) * 1949 Stoyan Danev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858) * 1965 Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (b. 1886) * 1970 George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897) * 1971 Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (b. 1901) * 1978 Umberto Nobile, Italian airship pioneer (b. 1885) * 1983 Lynn Fontanne, stage and movie actress (b. 1887) * 1985 Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919) * 1986 John N. Dalton, American politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1931) * 1992 Joe Shuster, Canadian comic artist (b. 1914) * 1992 Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915) * 1996 Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (b. 1903) * 1996 Magda Schneider, German actress and singer (b. 1909) * 1997 Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (b. 1913) * 1998 Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917) === From 2001 === * 2001 Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924) * 2003 Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923) * 2005 John Garang, South Sudanese politician (b. 1945) * 2006 Murray Bookchin, American Libertarian socialist (b. 1921) * 2007 Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (b. 1912) * 2007 Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie director (b. 1918) * 2007 Teoctist Arapasu, Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (b. 1915) * 2008 Anne Armstrong, American diplomat (b. 1927) * 2009 Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926) * 2009 Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian Islamist militant (Boko Haram) (b. 1970) * 2011 Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (b. 1915) * 2012 Chris Marker, French movie maker (b. 1921) * 2012 Maeve Binchy, Irish writer (b. 1940) * 2013 Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (b. 1914) * 2013 Antoni Ramallets, Catalan-Spanish footballer (b. 1924) * 2013 Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist (b. 1927) * 2014 Julio Grondona, Argentine football executive (b. 1931) * 2014 Dick Wagner, American rock guitarist (b. 1942) * 2014 Dick Smith, American special effects make-up artist (b. 1922) * 2014 Peter Hall, British urban planner (b. 1932) * 2014 Harun Farocki, German filmmaker and author (b. 1944) * 2014 Manfred Roeder, German Wehrmacht soldier and far-right activist (b. 1929) * 2015 Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (b. 1962) * 2015 Lynn Anderson, American country singer (b. 1947) * 2015 Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., American businessman (b. 1925) * 2015 Alana Vrzanova, Czech figure skater (b. 1931) * 2017 Tato Cifuentes, Chilean-born Argentine actor and singer (b. 1925) * 2017 Ciro Cirillo, Italian politician (b. 1921) * 2017 H. Sayeeduddin Dagar, Indian singer (b. 1939) * 2017 Paulo Garcia, Brazilian politician (b. 1959) * 2017 Slim Mahfoudh, Tunisian actor (b. 1942) * 2018 Andreas Kappes, German cyclist (b. 1965) * 2018 Khayyam Mirzazade, Azerbaijani composer and professor (b. 1935) * 2018 Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935) * 2018 Michael A. Sheehan, American author (b. 1955) * 2019 Marcian Bleahu, Romanian geologist, writer and politician (b. 1924) == Observances == * Independence Day (Vanuatu) * International Friendship Day * Throne Day (Morocco) Category:Days of the year