Title: April 30 Content: It is the last day of the first third of the year. == Events == === Up to 1950 === * 313 - Battle of Tzillarum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire. * 711 – Tariq ibn Ziyad reaches Gibraltar, beginning Moorish rule in Spain. * 1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration. * 1557 - Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile * 1789 – George Washington becomes the first President of the United States. * 1802 - The break of the Puentes Reservoir in Spain kills 608 people * 1803 – The US buys the Louisiana Territory from France, more than doubling its land area. * 1812 – Louisiana becomes a state of the US. * 1838 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation. * 1863 - A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man at Hacienda Camaron, Mexico. * 1871 - Camp Grant Massacre in the Arizona Territory. * 1885 - Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation near Niagara Falls. It is New York's first State Park. * 1900 – Hawaii becomes a US territory, with Sanford Dole as Governor. * 1907 – Honolulu becomes an independent city. * 1908 - Japanese small cruiser Matsushima sinks after a munitions explosion near Taiwan, killing 206 out of the 347 men on board. * 1920 – Peru becomes a signatory of the Buenos Aires Convention. * 1927 – Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford become the first celebrities to leave their footprints in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. * 1927 - The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States. * 1937 - In a referendum, women in Philippines support being given the right to vote. * 1938 - First televised FA Cup final between Huddersfield Town and Preston North End * 1939 - Start of the 1939/40 World's Fair in New York City. * 1939 - NBC inaugurates its regularly scheduled TV service in New York City. * 1941 – British steam freighter Nerissa is torpedoed near Rockall by a German U-boat, causing it to sink, with the loss of 207 lives. * 1943 - World War II: Operation Mincemeat - Submarine HMS Seraph surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea off Spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans dressed as a British military intelligence officer. * 1945 – World War II: One day after getting married, Adolf Hitler and his wife Eva Braun commit suicide. On the same day, Red Army troops raise the Soviet flag on the Reichstag building. * 1945 – World War II: American forces take Munich. * 1947 – In Nevada, the Boulder Dam is renamed Hoover Dam for the second time. * 1948 - The Organization of American States is formed in Bogota, Colombia. === From 1951 === * 1952 – The Diary of Anne Frank is published in English. * 1961 - K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine with nuclear missiles, is commissioned. * 1963 - Fehmarnsundbroen, a bridge connecting the island of Fehmarn to mainland Denmark, is opened to traffic. * 1966 – The Church of Satan is founded. * 1975 – With the fall of Saigon, the Vietnam War officially comes to an end. * 1980 – Beatrix becomes Queen of the Netherlands, after the decision of her mother, Queen Juliana to abdicate the throne. * 1980 - The siege at the Iranian Embassy begins in London. * 1985 - US entrepreneur Dick Bass climbs Mount Everest, becoming the first person to successfully climb the "Seven Summits", the highest peaks on each continent. * 1993 – The World Wide Web is released for use. * 1993 – Tennis player Monica Seles is stabbed by an obsessed fan of her rival Steffi Graf, during a tournament in Germany. * 1994 – Austrian Formula 1 driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a crash, while practising for the San Marino Grand Prix, at which fellow driver Ayrton Senna is killed the next day. * 1995 - Bill Clinton becomes the first President of the United States to visit Northern Ireland. * 1995 - Greenpeace activists occupy the Shell Oil Company- owned oil platform Brent Spar between Shetland and Norway, to protest against its planned sinking in the North Sea. * 1999 – Cambodia joins ASEAN. * 2004 - US media release graphic photographs of US soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison. * 2006 – Along with her brother, Swiss ski racer Corinne Rey-Bellet is shot dead by her husband, who commits suicide a short time later. * 2009 - Chrysler files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. * 2009 – Netherlands: An attempted attack is made on the Dutch Royal Family at a Queen's Day parade in Apeldoorn, as a car is driven into the crowd, killing seven spectators, and the perpetrator, Karst Tates, who dies the next day. * 2012 - A ferry capsizes on the Brahmaputra River in India, killing at least 103 people. * 2013 - Beatrix of the Netherlands abdicates the throne. Willem- Alexander of the Netherlands is the new King, the first Dutch King since 1890. * 2019 - Akihito abdicates as Emperor of Japan, passing the throne to his son Naruhito. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 1245 – King Philip III of France (d. 1285) * 1306 - Andrea Dandolo, ruler of Venice (d. 1354) * 1310 – Casimir III of Poland (d. 1368) * 1331 – Gaston III, Count of Foix (d. 1391) * 1553 - Louise of Lorraine (d. 1601) * 1586 – Saint Rose of Lima, Peruvian saint (d. 1617) * 1602 – William Lilly, English astrologer (d. 1681) * 1623 – François de Laval, first bishop of New France (d. 1708) * 1651 – Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, French educational reformer (d. 1719) * 1662 – Queen Mary II of England (d. 1694) * 1664 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (d. 1709) * 1710 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (d. 1795) * 1721 – Roger Sherman, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1793) * 1723 - Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French naturalist (d. 1806) * 1758 - Emmanuel Vitale, Maltese commander and politician (d. 1802) * 1770 – David Thompson, English-Canadian explorer (d. 1857) * 1777 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (d. 1855) === 1801 1900 === * 1803 – Albrecht von Roon, Prussian politician (d. 1879) * 1812 – Kaspar Hauser, German boy whose early life is a mystery (d. 1833) * 1823 - George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician (d. 1900) * 1829 - Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist (d. 1884) * 1831 - Romolo Gessi, Italian explorer in Africa (d. 1881) * 1839 - Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria (d. 1892) * 1852 – Tewfik Pasha, ruler of Egypt (d. 1892) * 1857 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1940) * 1864 - Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet (d. 1913) * 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian (d. 1944) * 1869 - Hans Poelzig, German architect, painter and set designer (d. 1936) * 1870 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (d. 1948) * 1870 - Homer Stille Cummings, American jurist and politician (d. 1956) * 1876 - Oros Mario Corbino, Italian physicist and politician (d. 1937) * 1877 – Alice B. Toklas, American companion of Gertrude Stein (d. 1967) * 1883 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech novelist (d. 1923) * 1883 - Luigi Russolo, Italian painter and composer (d. 1947) * 1884 - Olof Sandborg, Swedish movie and theatre actor (d. 1965) * 1887 – Anne Zernike, Dutch theologian and minister (d. 1972) * 1888 - David Jacobs, Welsh athlete (d. 1976) * 1889 - Fritz Pfeffer, German dentist and Holocaust victim (d. 1944) * 1893 – Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nazi foreign minister (d. 1946) * 1895 - Philippe Paneton, Canadian physician, academic and diplomat (d. 1960) * 1897 - Humberto Mauro, Brazilian director and screenwriter (d. 1983) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 – Simon Kuznets, Ukrainian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985) * 1902 – Theodore Schultz, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998) * 1905 – Sergey Nikolsky, Russian mathematician (d. 2012) * 1908 – Eve Arden, American actress (d. 1990) * 1908 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1970) * 1909 – Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (d. 2004) * 1913 - Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (d. 1941) * 1915 - Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015) * 1916 – Claude Shannon, American engineer and mathematician (d. 2001) * 1916 – Robert Shaw, American conductor (d. 1999) * 1917 - Bea Wain, American singer (d. 2017) * 1918 - Don McNeill, American tennis player (d. 1996) * 1923 - Al Lewis, American actor (d. 2006) * 1923 - Kagamisato Kiyoji, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2004) * 1925 – Johnny Horton, American musician (d. 1960) * 1925 - Corinne Calvet, French actress (d. 2001) * 1926 - Cloris Leachman, American actress (d. 2021) * 1930 - Félix Guattari, French psychologist (d. 1992) * 1932 – Antonio Tejero, Spanish coup leader * 1933 - Darwin Hindman, American politician (d. 2019) * 1938 - Lucho Avilés, Uruguayan-Argentine entertainment journalist (d. 2019) * 1938 - Gary Collins, American actor (d. 2012) * 1938 – Larry Niven, American writer * 1939 - Pieter van Vollenhoven, brother-in-law to Beatrix of the Netherlands * 1940 - Ermindo Onega, Argentine footballer * 1940 – Burt Young, American actor * 1941 – Johnny Farina, American guitarist (Santo and Johnny) * 1941 - Stavros Dimas, Greek politician * 1941 - Buddy Cianci, American politician (d. 2016) * 1942 - Maurizio Arcieri, Italian singer (d. 2015) * 1943 – Bobby Vee, American singer (d. 2016) * 1943 – Frederick Chiluba, former President of Zambia (d. 2011) * 1944 - Jon Bing, Norwegian writer and law professor (d. 2014) * 1944 – Jill Clayburgh, American actress (d. 2010) * 1944 – Rudi Assauer, German footballer (d. 2019) * 1945 – Annie Dillard, American writer * 1945 – Michael Smith, American astronaut (d. 1986) * 1945 - Lara Saint Paul, Italian-Eritrean singer (d. 2018) * 1946 – King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden * 1946 – Sven Nordqvist, Swedish writer and illustrator * 1946 – Bill Plympton, American animator and director * 1946 – Don Schollander, American swimmer * 1947 - Mats Odell, Swedish politician * 1947 - Bruce Hampton, American musician (d. 2017) * 1947 - Leslie Grantham, English actor (d. 2018) * 1947 - Thomas Goppel, German politician * 1948 – Perry King, American actor * 1949 – Phil Garner, American baseball manager * 1949 – António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations and former Prime Minister of Portugal === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Ken Whiteley, Canadian folk musician * 1952 - Jacques Audiard, French movie director and screenwriter * 1953 - Merrill Osmond, American actor and singer (The Osmonds) * 1954 – Jane Campion, New Zealand movie director * 1954 - Kim Darroch, British diplomat * 1955 - Julio Cobos, Argentine politician * 1955 – Nicolas Hulot, French journalist and writer * 1956 – Jorge Chaminé, Portuguese baritone * 1956 – Lars von Trier, Danish movie director * 1957 - Aviva Chomsky, American historian and author * 1957 - Giuseppe Sannino, Italian footballer * 1958 - Charles Berling, French actor, director and producer * 1959 - Paul Gross, Canadian actor, producer, director, singer and writer * 1959 – Stephen Harper, 22nd Prime Minister of Canada * 1960 - David Miscavige, leader of the Church of Scientology * 1961 – Isiah Thomas, American basketball player, coach, and team owner * 1961 – Thomas Schaaf, German footballer * 1961 - Franky Van der Elst, Belgian footballer * 1962 - Nikolai Fomenko, Russian musician, actor and racing driver * 1964 - Lorenzo Staelens, Belgian footballer * 1964 – Barrington Levy, Jamaican musician * 1964 - Ian Healy, English cricketer * 1967 - Steven Mackintosh, English actor * 1969 – Justine Greening, English politician * 1969 – Paulo Jr., Brazilian bassist (Sepultura) * 1969 – Clark Vogeler, American guitarist (The Toadies) * 1973 – Naomi Novik, American writer * 1975 – Elliott Sadler, American race car driver * 1975 - Johnny Galecki, American actor === From 1976 === * 1976 - Amanda Palmer, American musician and songwriter * 1978 – Tom Fulp, Newgrounds creator * 1978 – Simone Barone, Italian footballer * 1979 – Gerardo Torrado, Mexican footballer * 1980 - Sam Heughan, Scottish actor * 1980 - Jeroen Verhoeven, Dutch footballer * 1981 – Kunal Nayyar, British actor * 1981 – John O'Shea, Irish footballer * 1982 – Kirsten Dunst, American actress * 1982 – Justin Green, National Football League fullback * 1982 - Drew Seeley, Canadian- American singer-songwriter, dancer and actor * 1983 - Chris Carr, American football player * 1983 – Nenad Milijas, Serbian footballer * 1983 – Tatjana Hüfner, German luger * 1983 – Troy Williamson, American football player * 1984 - Seimone Augustus, American basketball player * 1984 - Sophie Turner, Australian model, television personality and lawyer * 1985 - Gal Gadot, Israeli model and actress * 1986 – Dianna Agron, American actress * 1987 - Rohit Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1989 - Jang Wooyoung, South Korean singer * 1989 - Baauer, American DJ and producer * 1990 - Jonny Brownlee, English triathlete * 1990 - Michael Schulte, German singer * 1991 - Kaarel Nurmsalu, Estonian ski jumper * 1992 - Marc-André ter Stegen, German footballer * 2002 - Miguel Urdangarín y de Borbon, Spanish royal == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 65 – Lucan, Roman poet (born 39) * 1030 - Mahmud of Ghazni, Indian ruler of the Ghaznavid Dynasty (b. 971) * 1063 – Emperor Renzong of China (born 1010) * 1131 - Adjutor, French knight and saint * 1341 - John III, Duke of Brittany (born 1285) * 1439 - Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, English military leader (born 1382) * 1513 – Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist claimant to the English throne * 1544 - Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor of England * 1550 - Tabinshwehti, King of Burma (born 1516) * 1555 – Pope Marcellus II (born 1501) * 1632 – King Sigismund of Sweden (born 1561) * 1632 – Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, military leader in the Thirty Years' War (born 1559) * 1637 - Niwa Nagashige, Japanese daimyo (born 1571) * 1660 - Petrus Scriverius, Dutch writer (born 1576) * 1672 - Marie of the Incarnation, French-Canadian nun and saint (born 1599) * 1736 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German classical scholar and bibliographer (born 1668) * 1792 – John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English politician (born 1718) * 1795 - Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, French numismatist (born 1716) * 1806 - Onogawa Kisaburo, Japanese sumo wrestler (born 1758) * 1847 - Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, Austrian nobleman and general (born 1771) * 1863 - Jean Danjou, French captain (b. 1828) * 1865 – Robert FitzRoy, British admiral and meteorologist (born 1805) * 1879 - Emma Hale Smith Bidamon, American religious leader (born 1804) * 1883 – Edouard Manet, French painter (born 1832) * 1895 – Gustav Freytag, German writer and journalist (born 1810) === 1901 2000 === * 1903 - Emily Stowe, Canadian physician and suffragist (born 1831) * 1906 - James E. Boyd, Irish-American politician, 8th Governor of Nebraska (born 1834) * 1926 – Bessie Coleman, American pilot (born 1892) * 1933 – Luis Miguel Sanchez Cerro, President of Peru (born 1889) * 1936 - Alfred Edward Housman, English poet (born 1859) * 1943 - Otto Jespersen, Danish linguist (born 1860) * 1945 – Eva Braun, mistress and wife of Adolf Hitler (born 1912) * 1945 – Adolf Hitler, Austrian politician, Nazi leader (born 1889) * 1956 – Alben W. Barkley, Vice President of the United States (born 1877) * 1966 - Richard Farina, American writer and singer (born 1837) * 1970 - Inger Stevens, Swedish actress (born 1934) * 1974 – Agnes Moorehead, American actress (born 1900) * 1980 - Luis Munoz Marin, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (born 1898) * 1983 – George Balanchine, Georgian-born dancer and choreographer (born 1904) * 1983 – Muddy Waters, American musician (born 1915) * 1983 - Edouard Wyss-Dunant, Swiss physician and mountaineer (born 1897) * 1989 – Sergio Leone, Italian movie director (born 1929) * 1989 - Bangja, Crown Princess Eumin of Korea (born 1901) * 1990 - Mario Pizziolo, Italian footballer (born 1909) * 1993 – Mario Evaristo, Argentine footballer (born 1908) * 1994 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian racecar driver (born 1960) * 1994 - Richard Scarry, American children's author and illustrator (born 1919) * 1995 – Maung Maung Kha, Burmese politician (born 1920) * 1999 – Alf Ramsey, English football manager (born 1920) * 2000 - Poul Hartling, 36th Prime Minister of Denmark (born 1914) === From 2001 === * 2003 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (born 1923) * 2006 – Corinne Rey-Bellet, Swiss ski racer (born 1972) * 2007 – Gregory Lemarchal, French singer (born 1983) * 2009 - Venetia Burney, English girl who named the dwarf planet Pluto (born 1918) * 2009 - Henk Nijdam, Dutch cyclist (born 1935) * 2010 – Paul Mayer, German cardinal (born 1911) * 2011 – Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer and physicist (born 1911) * 2011 - Dorjee Khandu, Indian politician, 6th Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh (born 1955) * 2012 – Tomas Borge, Nicaraguan politician (born 1930) * 2012 – Alexander Dale Oen, Norwegian swimmer (born 1985) * 2012 - George Murdock, American actor (born 1928) * 2013 - Mike Gray, American writer, screenwriter, cinematographer and producer (b. 1935) * 2014 - Ian Ross, Australian TV news presenter (b. 1940) * 2014 - Chris Harris, English actor, director and writer (b. 1942) * 2015 - Gregory Mertens, Belgian footballer (b. 1991) * 2015 - Patachou, French actress and singer (b. 1918) * 2015 - Ben E. King, American singer (b. 1938) * 2015 - Lennart Bodström, Swedish politician (b. 1928) * 2015 - William Pfaff, American author and columnist (b. 1928) * 2015 - Ronald Senator, British composer (b. 1926) * 2015 - Nigel Terry, British actor (b. 1945) * 2015 - David Fonseca, Belizean politician (b. 1954) * 2016 - Harry Kroto, British chemist (b. 1939) * 2016 - Daniel Aaron, American writer and academic (b. 1912) * 2016 - Daniel Berrigan, American priest, poet and activist (b. 1921) * 2016 - Marisol Escobar, French-born American sculptor (b. 1930) * 2016 - Uwe Friedrichsen, German actor (b. 1934) * 2016 - Peter Thomas, American narrator (b. 1924) * 2016 - Vasily Zvyagintsev, Russian science fiction author (b. 1944) * 2017 - Ueli Steck, Swiss mountaineer and rock climber (b. 1976) * 2017 - Belchior, Brazilian singer and composer (b. 1946) * 2017 - Mbah Gotho, Indonesian claimed supercentenarian (b. claimed 1870) * 2017 - Lorna Gray, American actress (b. 1917) * 2017 - Raymond P. Kogovsek, American politician (b. 1941) * 2017 - Boris Oleynik, Ukrainian poet, translator and politician (b. 1935) * 2017 - Jean Stein, American author and editor (b. 1934) * 2018 - Joel Kovel, American environmentalist and anti-war activist (b. 1936) * 2018 - Rose Laurens, French singer-songwriter (b. 1943) * 2018 - Geneviève Claisse, French painter (b. 1935) * 2018 - Anatole Katok, Russian-American mathematician (b. 1944) * 2018 - John Treacher, British admiral (b. 1924) * 2019 - Anémone, French actress (b. 1950) * 2019 - Beth Carvalho, Brazilian samba singer (b. 1946) * 2019 - Luciano Comaschi, Italian footballer (b. 1931) * 2019 - Peter Mayhew, English-American actor (b. 1944) * 2019 - S. P. Y. Reddy, Indian politician (b. 1950) == Observances == * Queen's Day in the Netherlands (birthday of Queen Juliana), celebrated on this date from 1949 to 2013 * King Carl XVI Gustaf's birthday, official Flag Day in Sweden * Walpurgis Night (Central and Northern Europe) * International Jazz Day * Liberation Day (Vietnam) * Children's Day (Mexico) * Armed Forces Day (Georgia) Category:Days of the year