Title: March 14 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 44 BC - Casca and Cassius decide, on the night before Julius Caesar's killing, that Mark Antony should stay alive. * 1489 - Queen of Cyprus Catherine Cornaro sells her kingdom to Venice. * 1590 - Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and a force of Huguenots defeat forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion. * 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. * 1743 – The first town meeting was held in Boston, Massachusetts, at Faneuil Hall. * 1780 - American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans in then-Spanish Louisiana. * 1794 – Eli Whitney is granted a patent for cotton gin. * 1800 - Giorgio Barnaba Luigi Chiaramonti is elected to become Pope Pius VII. * 1879 - Albert Einstein is born in Ulm, Southern Germany. * 1883 - Communist thinker Karl Marx dies aged 64. * 1885 - The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance in London. * 1888 – A three-day snowstorm in the Eastern US leaves 400 people dead. * 1898 – Young Boys Berne Football Club is founded. * 1899 - The Belgica expedition in Antarctica can continue again after just over a year of being stuck in pack-ice. * 1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States Currency on the gold standard. === 1901 2000 === * 1903 - The Hay-Herran Treaty is ratified by the United States Senate, giving the United States the right to build the Panama Canal. It is later rejected by the Senate of Colombia, which at the time still included present-day Panama. * 1903 - The Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge is created by Theodore Roosevelt. * 1905 – Chelsea FC is founded. * 1910 - Blow- out of the Lakeview Number One oil gusher in California. * 1915 - World War I: German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned by her crew, after being cornered by the Royal Navy off Chile. * 1926 - A train crash between Heredia and Tibas in Costa Rica kills 248 people. * 1931 - Aram Ara, India's first talking movie, is released. * 1939 – Slovakia declares independence under German pressure. * 1942 - Orvan Hess and John Bumstead become the first doctors in the US to treat a patient, Anne Miller, using penicillin. * 1943 - Holocaust: The Krakow Ghetto is "liquidated". * 1945 - World War II: Royal Air Force's first operational use of a "Grand Slam" bomb in Bielefeld. * 1950 - The FBI publishes its Ten Most Wanted list for the first time. * 1951 – Korean War: For the second time, UN troops recapture Seoul. * 1964 – Jack Ruby is convicted of killing Lee Harvey Oswald. * 1967 - The body of John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent resting place in Arlington National Cemetery. * 1972 - Italian publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli is killed in an explosion in Segrate. * 1978 - The Israeli Defense Force invades and occupies southern Lebanon. * 1979 - In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200 people. * 1980 – A plane crash in Poland kills 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team. * 1988 - China defeats Vietnam in a naval battle. This is after China attempted to create oceanographic posts on the disputed Spratly Islands. * 1993 - In a referendum, most voters in Andorra decide to adopt a democratic constitution. * 1995 – Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut on board a Russian launch vehicle. * 1997 - Chongqing is placed under rule from the Government of the People's Republic of China. === From 2001 === * 2004 – Russian President Vladimir Putin wins a second term in office. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe deems the election only partially democratic. * 2004 – Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero is elected Prime Minister of Spain, succeeding Jose Maria Aznar, whose response to the Madrid bombings is seen as a deciding factor in the outcome of the election. * 2006 – Members of the Chadian military stage a coup attempt. * 2008 - Widespread protests begin in Lhasa and across Tibet. * 2012 – The International Criminal Court finds the leader of the Union of Congolese patriots Thomas Lubanga guilty of war crimes. * 2012 – United Kingdom: Perth (Scotland), Chelmsford (Essex, England) and Saint Asaph (Wales) become cities. * 2015 - Cyclone Pam: A tropical cyclone sweeps across the Pacific island country of Vanuatu, with an unknown number of casualties, and extensive damage. * 2016 - The European Space Agency and Roscosmos launch the joint Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter on a mission to Mars. * 2018 - Angela Merkel starts her fourth term as Chancellor of Germany after over five months of coalition negotiations. * 2018 - The United Kingdom expels 23 Russian diplomats during an ongoing political row between the two countries over the poisoning of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia in Salisbury. * 2019 - The House of Commons of the United Kingdom votes by a majority to extend Brexit. * 2019 - Cyclone Idai makes landfall in Mozambique, leading to hundreds of deaths and a humanitarian crisis across the Southeast African region. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1271 - Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1310) * 1638 - Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (d. 1710) * 1681 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer (d. 1767) * 1782 - Thomas Hunt Benton, American politician (d. 1858) * 1790 – Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (d. 1863) * 1801 – Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet (d. 1822) * 1804 – Johann Strauß, Sr., Austrian composer (d. 1849) * 1807 – Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden and Norway (d. 1876) * 1820 – Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, 1st King of Italy (d. 1878) * 1821 – Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae, Danish archaeologist (d. 1885) * 1822 - Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, Empress of Brazil (d. 1889) * 1824 - John Robson, Premier of British Columbia (d. 1892) * 1833 – Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first female dentist in the United States (d. 1910) * 1835 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910) * 1836 - Isabella Mary Beeton, English cookery writer (d. 1865) * 1844 – King Umberto I of Italy (d. 1900) * 1848 - Albert Robida, French writer, artist and caricaturist (d. 1926) * 1851 - John Sebastian Little, 21st Governor of Arkansas (d. 1916) * 1853 - Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918) * 1854 – Paul Ehrlich, German doctor, won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1915) * 1854 – Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the United States (d. 1925) * 1854 - Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian writer (d. 1929) * 1862 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist (d. 1951) * 1864 - Alfred Redl, Austro-Hungarian army chief and Russian spy (d. 1913) * 1866 - Alexei Troitsky, Russian chess problemist (d. 1942) * 1868 - Emily Murphy, Canadian women's rights activist (d. 1933) * 1869 - Algernon Blackwood, British writer (d. 1951) * 1874 - Anton Philips, Dutch electronics businessman (d. 1951) * 1879 – Albert Einstein, German-born theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955) * 1880 – Princess Thyra, daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1945) * 1882 – Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (d. 1969) * 1887 - Charles Reisner, American actor and director (d. 1962) * 1894 - Osa Johnson, American director and explorer (d. 1953) * 1899 - Ricardo Adolfo de Guardia Arango, 21st President of Panama (d. 1969) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 - Francisco Gamborena, Spanish footballer (d. 1982) * 1903 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (d. 1979) * 1904 - Doris Eaton Travis, American actress (d. 2010) * 1905 - Raymond Aron, French journalist, sociologist and philosopher (d. 1983) * 1908 – Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher (d. 1961) * 1911 – Akira Yoshizawa, Japanese origamist (d. 2005) * 1912 - Les Brown, American bandleader (d. 2001) * 1920 - Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist (d. 2001) * 1920 - Dorothy Tyler- Odam, British high jumper (d. 2014) * 1921 - S. Truett Cathy, American entrepreneur (d. 2014) * 1922 - China Zorrilla, Uruguayan actress (d. 2014) * 1922 - Les Baxter, American orchestra leader and arranger (d. 1996) * 1923 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971) * 1925 - William Clay Ford, Sr., American businessman (d. 2014) * 1926 - François Morel, Canadian pianist, conductor and music educator * 1927 - Philippe Lemaire, French actor (d. 2004) * 1928 – Frank Borman, American astronaut * 1928 - Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (d. 1980) * 1929 - Kirill Kovaldzhi, Russian author, poet and critic (d. 2017) * 1931 – Lisbet Palme, wife of Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme (d. 2018) * 1932 – Naina Yeltsina, wife of Russian President Boris Yeltsin * 1932 - Mark Murphy, American jazz singer (d. 2015) * 1933 - René Felber, Swiss politician * 1933 - Ian Pieris, Sri Lankan cricketer (d. 2016) * 1933 – Michael Caine, British actor and director * 1933 – Quincy Jones, American musician and bandleader * 1934 – Eugene Cernan, American astronaut (d. 2017) * 1934 - Paul Rader, 15th General of the Salvation Army * 1934 - Dionigi Tettamanzi, Italian cardinal (d. 2017) * 1936 - Bob Charles, New Zealand golfer * 1938 - Jan Crouch, American televangelist (d. 2016) * 1939 – Pilar Bardem, Spanish actress * 1939 - Bertrand Blier, French movie director and screenwriter * 1939 - Yves Boisset, French movie director and screenwriter * 1939 - Raymond J. Barry, American television, movie and stage actor * 1940 - Masahiro Hamazaki, Japanese footballer * 1940 - Julian Hunte, Saint Lucian diplomat * 1941 - Gordon Neate, English footballer (d. 2019) * 1941 – Wolfgang Petersen, German director * 1942 - Rita Tushingham, British actress * 1944 - Vaclav Nedomansky, Czech ice hockey player * 1945 – Jasper Carrott, British comedian * 1945 – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho * 1945 - Walter Parazaider, American jazz saxophonist * 1946 - Zygmunt Anczok, Polish footballer * 1946 - Gianni Bella, Italian singer * 1946 - Steve Kanaly, American actor * 1946 - Wes Unseld, American basketball player * 1947 – Pam Ayres, British poet * 1947 - William J. Jefferson, American politician * 1947 - Peter Skellern, English singer and composer (d. 2017) * 1948 – Billy Crystal, American actor and comedian * 1948 - Tom Coburn, American politician (d. 2020) * 1948 - Theo Jansen, Dutch artist * 1949 - Helle Meri, former First Lady of Estonia === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Jerry Greenfield, American businessman, co-founder of Ben & Jerry's ice cream * 1955 - Daniel Bertoni, Argentine footballer * 1956 – Tessa Sanderson, British athlete * 1956 - Sean Mathias, Welsh theatre and movie director, actor and writer * 1957 - Franco Frattini, Italian politician * 1957 - Tad Williams, American writer * 1958 – Albert II, Prince of Monaco * 1958 - Leonhard Stock, Austrian skier * 1958 - Francine Stock, British broadcaster * 1959 - Steve Byrnes, American producer (d. 2015) * 1959 - Laila Robins, American actress * 1959 - Tamara Tunie, American actress * 1960 - Kirby Puckett, American baseball player (d. 2006) * 1961 - Mike Lazaridis, Turkish-Canadian businessman * 1962 - Narumi Tsunoda, Japanese voice actress * 1963 - Pedro Duque, Spanish astronaut * 1963 - Mahiro Maeda, Japanese animator, anime director and character designer * 1964 - Dario Bisso, Italian conductor and composer * 1965 – Aamir Khan, Indian actor * 1965 - Kevin Williamson, American screenwriter, producer, director and actor * 1965 - Kiana Tom, American actress, television host and author * 1966 - Johan Elmer, Danish movie director, screenwriter and actor * 1966 - Elise Neal, American actress * 1966 - Gary Anthony Williams, American actor * 1967 - Michael Fincke, American astronaut * 1967 - Osvaldo Moles, Brazilian journalist * 1968 - Megan Follows, American actress * 1970 - Junior Baiano, Brazilian footballer * 1970 - Chris Hondros, American photographer (d. 2011) * 1972 - Irom Sharmila, Indian Manipuri activist * 1973 - Rohit Shetty, Indian movie director * 1974 - Patrick Traverse, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 – Fredrik Ericsson, Swedish climber (d. 2010) * 1975 - Steve Harper, English footballer * 1975 - Rushanara Ali, Bangladeshi-English politician === From 1976 === * 1976 – Phil Vickery, English rugby player * 1976 - Daniel Gillies, Canadian-New Zealand actor * 1977 - Kim Nam-Il, South Korean footballer * 1977 – Matthew Booth, South African footballer * 1977 – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (d. 2011) * 1977 – Vadims Fjodorovs, Latvian footballer * 1977 - Ida Corr, Danish singer and composer * 1978 – Carlo Giuliani, Italian anarchist (d. 2001) * 1978 – Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer * 1979 – Gao Ling, Chinese badminton player * 1979 – Nicolas Anelka, French footballer * 1980 - Matteo Grassotto, Italian racing driver * 1981 - Jan Polak, Czech footballer * 1982 – François Sterchele, Belgian footballer (d. 2008) * 1982 – Carlos Marinelli, Argentine footballer * 1982 - Kate Maberly, English actress and musician * 1983 - Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakhstani boxer * 1983 – Taylor Hanson, American musician * 1983 - Anas Sarwar, Scottish politician * 1984 - Liesel Pritzker Simmons, American actress * 1985 – Idaira, Spanish singer * 1985 - Ian Black, Scottish footballer * 1985 - Eva Angelina, American pornographic actress and model * 1985 - Brianna Love, American pornographic actress * 1986 – Jamie Bell, English actor * 1988 - Lautaro Acosta, Argentine footballer * 1988 – Stephen Curry, American basketball player * 1988 - Sasha Grey, American pornographic actress and musician * 1989 - Colby O'Donis, American singer * 1990 - Joe Allen, Welsh footballer * 1990 - Kolbeinn Sigthorsson, Icelandic footballer * 1990 - Triin Ojaste, Estonian skier * 1991 - Gotoku Sakai, Japanese footballer * 1992 - Jasmine Murray, American singer * 1994 - Ansel Elgort, American actor * 1997 - Simone Biles, American gymnast == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 313 – Jin Huidi, Chinese Emperor (b. 284) * 840 - Einhard, French writer and historian (b. 770) * 968 – Matilda of Ringelheim, German Queen (b. 895) * 1457 – Jingtai Emperor of China (b. 1428) * 1632 – Tokugawa Hidetada, Japanese shogun (b. 1579) * 1647 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (b. 1584) * 1757 - John Byng, English admiral (b. 1704) * 1765 - Ayagawa Gorogi, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1703) * 1803 – Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German writer (b. 1774) * 1805 - Stanislaw Szczesny Potocki, Russian general (b. 1753) * 1811 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, British Prime Minister (b. 1735) * 1860 - Carl Ritter von Ghega, Italian engineer (b. 1802) * 1877 – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentine military leader (b. 1793) * 1883 – Karl Marx, German political theorist (b. 1818) * 1884 – Quintino Sella, Italian statesman (b. 1827) === 1901 2000 === * 1921 - Larry McLean, Canadian-American baseball player (b. 1881) * 1932 – George Eastman, American inventor (b. 1854) * 1933 - Balto, famous Siberian husky (b. 1919) * 1946 - Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878) * 1949 - John Callan O'Laughlin, American journalist and politician (b. 1873) * 1953 - Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovakian politician (b. 1896) * 1957 - Evagoras Pallikarides, Greek-Cypriot freedom fighter (b. 1938) * 1965 - Marion Jones Farquhar, American tennis player (b. 1879) * 1972 - Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Italian publisher and political activist (b. 1926) * 1973 – Howard Aiken, American engineer (b. 1900) * 1973 - Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901) * 1973 - Rafael Godoy, Colombian composer (b. 1907) * 1975 - Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917) * 1975 - Günther Reindorff, Estonian graphic designer (b. 1899) * 1976 - Busby Berkeley, American choreographer and director (b. 1895) * 1977 – Fannie Lou Hamer, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1917) * 1980 – Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian politician (b. 1902) * 1980 - Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (b. 1928) * 1983 - Maurice Ronet, French movie actor (b. 1927) * 1984 - Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet (b. 1915) * 1989 – Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of Austria (b. 1892) * 1989 – Edward Abbey, American writer and environmental activist (b. 1927) * 1991 – Howard Ashman, American lyricist and playwright (b. 1950) * 1991 - Doc Pomus, American singer-songwriter (b. 1925) * 1992 – Jean Noiret, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1926) * 1995 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist (b. 1911) * 1997 - Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director (b. 1907) === From 2001 === * 2005 – Akira Yoshizawa, Japanese origamist (b. 1911) * 2006 – Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (b. 1929) * 2007 - Lucie Aubrac, French Resistance activist (b. 1912) * 2008 – Chiara Lubich, Italian Catholic activist and founder of the Focolare (b. 1920) * 2009 – Alain Bashung, French singer and actor (b. 1947) * 2010 – Peter Graves, American actor (b. 1926) * 2012 – Censu Tabone, 4th President of Malta (b. 1913) * 2013 - Mirja Hietamies, Finnish skier (b. 1931) * 2013 - Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian Khmer Rouge politician (b. 1925) * 2014 - Tony Benn, British politician (b. 1925) * 2014 - Glenn McDuffie, American World War II sailor (b. 1927) * 2014 - Otakar Brousek, Sr., Czech actor (b. 1924) * 2014 - Meir Har-Zion, Israeli military commando (b. 1934) * 2014 - Ken Utsui, Japanese actor (b. 1931) * 2014 - Werner Rackwitz, German opera director (b. 1929) * 2014 - Sam Lacey, American basketball player (b. 1948) * 2015 - Valentin Rasputin, Russian writer (b. 1937) * 2016 - Peter Maxwell Davies, British composer (b. 1934) * 2016 - Riccardo Garrone, Italian actor (b. 1926) * 2016 - Suranimala Rajapaksha, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1949) * 2016 - John W. Cahn, American metallurgist (b. 1928) * 2016 - Davy Walsh, Irish footballer (b. 1923) * 2017 - Jack H. Harris, American film producer (b. 1918) * 2017 - Jim McAnearney, Scottish footballer (b. 1935) * 2017 - Royal Robbins, American rock climber and writer (b. 1935) * 2017 - Rodrigo Valdéz, Colombian boxer (b. 1946) * 2017 - John Van de Kamp, American politician and attorney (b. 1936) * 2017 - André Tosel, French philosopher (b. 1941) * 2018 - Stephen Hawking, British physicist, cosmologist and mathematician (b. 1942) * 2018 - Jim Bowen, British comedian and television presenter (b. 1937) * 2018 - Emilio Disi, Argentine actor and humourist (b. 1943) * 2018 - Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician (b. 1979) * 2018 - Narendra Jha, Indian actor (b. 1962) * 2018 - Adrian Lamo, Colombian-American computer hacker and political activist (b. 1981) * 2018 - Liam O'Flynn, Irish uilleann piper (b. 1945) * 2019 - Birch Bayh, American politician and United States Senator (b. 1928) * 2019 - Godfried Danneels, Belgian cardinal (b. 1933) * 2019 - Ralph Metzner, American psychologist (b. 1936) * 2019 - William Stanley Peart, British physician and clinical researcher (b. 1922) * 2019 - Charlie Whiting, British motorsports director (b. 1952) == Observances == * Pi Day * National Mother Tongue Day (Estonia) celebrating the birthday of the poet Kristjan Jaak Peterson * White Day (Japan and Korea) * Spring Day (Albania) * Heroes' Day (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) * Nanakshahi New Year (Sikhism) Category:Days of the year