Title: April 28 Content: ==Events== === Up to 1950 === *357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius. *1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem. *1220 – The foundation stone is laid for Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, England. *1253 – Nichiren Buddhism is founded. *1503 – The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is the first battle won by small arms using gunpowder. *1611 - Founding of the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, the largest Roman Catholic university in the world. *1788 – Maryland becomes the 7th US State. *1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty by Fletcher Christian: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are cast adrift in a boat, reaching the island of Tofua on the same day, while Christian sails to Tonga. *1792 – The French Revolutionary Wars begin. *1796 - The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean Sea coast. *1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the first transcontinental railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day. *1877 - The Stamford Bridge stadium in London, is opened, for use as an athletics stadium, though it later becomes the home ground of Chelsea FC. *1885 - Buddhism: Ceylon's first Vesakh celebration is held. The international Buddhist flag is hoisted for the first time. *1902 – Manchester United F.C. comes into being, through a name change to avoid the bankruptcy of Newton Heath F.C. *1903 – An earthquake in Turkey kills 2,200 people. *1908 - World Esperanto Association is founded. *1910 - Frenchman Louis Paulham wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in England. *1920 – Azerbaijan is taken over by Soviet Russia. *1923 – London's Wembley Stadium is opened. *1930 – The first night game in baseball is held in Independence, Kansas. *1932 – A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans. *1944 – World War II: Nine German bombers attack US and UK units while they rehearsed for the Normandy landings. 946 people are killed. *1945 – World War II: Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed. *1945 - World War II: The city of Augsburg surrenders to US forces. *1947 – Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki expedition of the Pacific Ocean begins in Callao, Peru. This is to prove his theory of Polynesia being settled from South America. *1948 – Igor Stravinsky conducts the first performance of his American ballet, Orpheus, in New York City. *1949 – Former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon is assassinated. *1950 – Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej marries Queen Sirikit. === From 1951 === *1952 – Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO. *1952 – US occupation of Japan officially ends. *1952 – The Second Sino- Japanese War officially ends. *1965 - US troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall the establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate US troops. *1967 - Cassius Clay (now Muhammad Ali) is stripped of his boxing titles, after saying that he would not join United States Military operations in Vietnam. The titles are later re-instated. *1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France. *1975 – South Vietnamese President Tran Van Huong resigns after a week in office, and flees, as the Vietnam War is in its final stages. *1977 – Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe are found guilty of murder. *1978 – President of Afghanistan Mohammed Daoud Khan is overthrown and killed by pro-Communist rebels. *1986 - United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to travel through the Suez Canal, from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the USS Coral Sea. *1986 - The Soviet Union admits that there was a nuclear accident at Chernobyl on April 26, after scientists in Finland and Sweden detected unusually high levels of radiation in the air. *1988 - Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death, when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight. *1994 – Former CIA counter-intelligence officer and analyst Adrian Ames pleads guilty to leaking US secrets to the Soviet Union and Russia. *1996 – In Tasmania, Australia, Martin Bryant goes on a shooting spree, killing 35 people. *2001 – Millionaire Dennis Tito becomes the first space tourist. *2002 – The Green Party of Pakistan is formed. *2008 – A train collision in Shandong, China, kills 72 people, and injures 416. *2008 – Hong Kong Disneyland opens. *2010 - Then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Gordon Brown apologises after being recorded referring to a 66-year-old voter as a "bigoted woman" during the General Election campaign. *2013 - Enrico Letta becomes Prime Minister of Italy, after political deadlock following an inconclusive election two months earlier. At the same time, two police officers are injured in a shooting outside the Prime Minister's office. *2019 - Spain holds an early general election: The Socialist Party of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is the largest party on 29%; the far-right Vox party enters parliament for the first time. ==Births== === Up to 1900 === *32 – Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman Emperor (d. 69) *1402 – Nezahualcoyotl, ruler, philosopher and poet in Pre-Columbian Central America (d. 1472) *1442 – Edward IV of England (d. 1483) *1545 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean military leader and admiral (d. 1598) *1612 - Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1646) *1630 - Charles Cotton, English poet (d. 1687) *1652 – Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt, German composer (d. 1712) *1686 - Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721) *1715 - Frank Sparry, Austrian composer (d. 1767) *1753 - Frank Karl Achard, German naturalist (d. 1821) *1758 – James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831) *1761 - Marie Harel, French cheesemaker (d. 1844) *1765 - Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician (d. 1834) *1774 – Francis Baily, English astronomer (d. 1844) *1788 – Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1863) *1795 – Charles Sturt, English explorer of Australia (d. 1861) *1819 - Ezra Abbot, American scholar (d. 1884) *1831 - Peter Tait, Scottish physicist (d. 1901) *1838 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist (d. 1913) *1842 – Prince Gaston, Count of Eu, Prince and Brazilian marshal (d. 1922) *1848 - Ludvig Schytte, Danish composer, pianist and teacher (d. 1909) *1868 – Lucy Booth, Indian songwriter and commander (d. 1953) *1868 - Georgy Voronoy, Russian mathematician (d. 1908) *1869 – C. C. Young, 26th Governor of California (d. 1947) *1874 - Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and writer (d. 1936) *1876 – Nicola Romeo, Italian automobile engineer and entrepreneur (d. 1938) *1878 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (d. 1954) *1886 - Art Shaw, American hurdler (d. 1955) *1888 – Walter Tull, English footballer (d. 1918) *1889 – Antonio Oliveira de Salazar, Portuguese political leader (d. 1970) *1891 - Charles Patton, American blues guitarist (d. 1934) *1896 - Na Hye-sok, Korean writer, painter, educator and journalist (d. 1948) *1897 – Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (d. 1986) *1898 – Grantley Herbert Adams, Barbadian politician (d. 1971) *1900 - Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer (d. 1992) === 1901 1950 === *1901 - Henry Stallard, Belgian middle-distance runner (d. 1973) *1902 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian writer (d. 1979) *1906 – Kurt Gödel, Austrian mathematician (d. 1978) *1906 - Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (d. 1999) *1908 – Oskar Schindler, German industrialist and humanitarian (d. 1974) *1912 - Odette Sansom Hallowes, French resistance worker (d. 1945) *1916 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993) *1919 - Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015) *1921 - Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (d. 2012) *1923 - William Guarnere, American sergeant (d. 2014) *1924 - Dick Ayers, American comic book artist and cartoonist (d. 2014) *1924 - Donatas Banionis, Lithuanian actor (d. 2014) *1924 – Kenneth Kaunda, 1st President of Zambia *1924 - Blossom Dearie, American jazz singer and pianist (d. 2009) *1926 – Harper Lee, American writer and activist (d. 2016) *1928 – Eugene Shoemaker, American astronomer (d. 1997) *1928 - Yves Klein, French artist (d. 1962) *1930 – James Baker, 61st United States Secretary of State *1930 - Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983) *1933 - Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian-American scientist and inventor (d. 2014) *1934 - Lois Duncan, American actress (d. 2016) *1934 - Diane Johnson, American writer *1936 - Tariq Aziz, Iraqi politician (d. 2015) *1937 - Jean Redpath, Scottish singer (d. 2014) *1937 - John White, Scottish footballer (d. 1964) *1937 – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (d. 2006) *1938 - Fred Dibnah, English steeplejack and television personality (d. 2004) *1941 - John Madejski, English businessman *1941 – Ann-Margret, Swedish actress *1941 – Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist *1941 - Iryna Zhylenko, Ukrainian poet *1942 - Mike Brearley, English cricketer *1943 - Jacques Dutronc, French singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer and actor *1943 - Bob Siebert, American jazz musician and composer *1943 - Yoav Talmi, Israeli conductor and composer *1943 - Jeffrey Tate, English musical director and conductor *1944 - Günter Verheugen, German politician *1944 - Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberge, Belgian politician in Wallonia *1946 - Nour El-Sherif, Egyptian actor (d. 2015) *1947 - Nicola LeFanu, English composer and academic *1948 – Terry Pratchett, English writer (d. 2015) *1948 - Marcia Strassman, American actress (d. 2014) *1949 – Paul Guilfoyle, American actor *1949 – Bruno Kirby, American actor (d. 2006) *1950 – Jay Leno, American comedian and showmaster *1950 - Steve Rider, English sports broadcaster === 1951 1975 === *1952 - Chuck Leavell, American keyboardist *1952 - Mary McDonnell, American actress *1953 – Kim Gordon, American singer *1954 - Tom McCabe, Scottish politician (d. 2015) *1954 - Mary Jo Randle, English actress *1958 – Kenny MacAskill, Scottish politician *1959 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (d. 2011) *1960 – Ian Rankin, Scottish crime fiction writer *1960 - Elena Kagan, United States Supreme Court Justice *1960 – Walter Zenga, Italian footballer *1960 – Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strength athlete (d. 1993) *1961 - Anna Oxa, Italian singer *1964 - L'Wren Scott, American fashion designer and model (d. 2014) *1964 - Stephen Ames, Canadian golfer *1966 – Ali-Reza Pahlavi, Iranian royal (d. 2011) *1966 – John Daly, American golfer *1966 – Too Short, American rapper, producer and actor *1968 – Howard Donald, English singer, musician and producer (Take That) *1968 – Andy Flower, Zimbabwean cricketer *1970 – Diego Simeone, Argentine footballer *1971 - Bridget Moynahan, American actress *1972 - Anita Anand, English television and radio journalist *1972 – Joseph Bruce, American actor, rapper, producer and wrestler *1973 – Pauleta, Portuguese footballer *1973 - Ian Murdock, American software engineer (d. 2015) *1973 – Jorge Garcia, American actor *1974 – Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress *1974 – Vernon Kay, British radio and television presenter *1974 – Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player (d. 2011) === From 1976 === *1977 - Thorstein Helstad, Norwegian footballer *1978 – Lauren Laverne, British radio and television presenter *1980 - Josh Howard, American basketball player *1980 - Bradley Wiggins, British cyclist *1981 – Jessica Alba, American actress *1981 - Pietro Travagli, Italian rugby player *1981 - Ilary Blasi, Italian actress and model *1981 - Alex Riley, American wrestler *1982 – Nikki Grahame, English television personality *1982 - Harry Shum, Jr., Costa Rican actor and dancer *1983 – Roger Johnson, English footballer *1984 - Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer *1985 - Lukas Jakubczyk, German sprinter and long jumper *1985 - Louise Pentland, English vlogger, blogger, YouTuber and author *1986 - Roman Polak, Czech ice hockey player *1986 – Jennifer Palm Lundberg, Swedish model *1986 - Jenna Ushkowitz, Korean-American actress *1987 - Zoran Tosic, Serbian footballer *1987 - Daequan Cook, American basketball player *1988 – Juan Mata, Spanish footballer *1988 - Spencer Hawes, American basketball player *1989 - Kim Sung-kyu, South Korean singer and actress *1991 - Jordan Robinson, English footballer *1994 - Izzy Bizu, English singer *1995 - Melanie Martinez, American singer and songwriter ==Deaths== === Up to 1900 === *1074 – Sweyn II of Denmark (b. 1019) *1192 – Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem *1489 – Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, English politician *1530 - Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I, Swiss polymath (b. 1484) *1695 - Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (b. 1621) *1716 - Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (b. 1673) *1721 - Mary Reid, English pirate (b. 1685) *1741 - Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and statesman (b. 1668) *1772 – Johann Christian Struensee, physician (b. 1737) *1781 – Cornelius Harnett, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723) *1799 - Matthew Griswold, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1714) *1802 - Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1754) *1813 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745) *1851 - Edward Codrington, English admiral (b. 1770) *1853 – Ludwig Tieck, German writer (b. 1773) *1865 – Samuel Cunard, Canadian-British shipping magnate (b. 1787) *1881 - Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818) *1883 – Jack Russell, English parson, hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795) *1885 - Conrad Baker, Governor of Indiana (b. 1817) === 1901 2000 === *1905 - Fitzhugh Lee, American politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835) *1909 - Frederick Holbrook, Governor of Vermont (b. 1813) *1918 – Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian-Serb assassin (b. 1894) *1934 - Charley Patton, American blues musician (b. 1891) *1936 – King Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868) *1944 – Frank Knox, American politician (b. 1874) *1945 – Benito Mussolini, Italian Fascist dictator (b. 1883) *1945 – Clara Petacci, Italian mistress to Benito Mussolini (b. 1912) *1946 - Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (b. 1875) *1949 – Aurora Quezon, First Lady of the Philippines (b. 1888) *1954 – Leon Jouhaux, French Labor leader (b. 1879) *1964 – Milton Margai, 1st Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (b. 1895) *1970 – Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901) *1973 - Jacques Maritain, French philosopher (b. 1882) *1973 – Clas Thunberg, Finnish speed skater (b. 1893) *1976 - Richard Hughes, American writer (b. 1900) *1977 – Sepp Herberger, German footballer and coach (b. 1897) *1978 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (b. 1909) *1981 - Steve Currie, American musician (b. 1947) *1992 – Francis Bacon, Irish painter (b. 1909) *1992 – Iceberg Slim, American writer (b. 1918) *1993 - Jim Valvano, American basketball player, coach and broadcaster (b. 1946) *1998 - Jerome Bixby, American author and screenwriter (b. 1923) *1999 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist (b. 1921) *2000 – Penelope Fitzgerald, English writer (b. 1916) *2000 - Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish physician, researcher and politician (b. 1925) === From 2001 === *2002 – Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (b. 1950) *2005 – Chris Candido, American professional wrestler (b. 1972) *2007 - Dabbs Greer, American actor (b. 1917) *2007 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912) *2009 – Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina (b. 1939) *2011 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959) *2012 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1919) *2013 - Janos Starker, Hungarian-American cellist (b. 1924) *2014 - Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby league player (b. 1981) *2014 - Jack Ramsay, American basketball coach (b. 1925) *2014 - Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) *2014 - Dennis Kamakahi, American musician (b. 1953) *2014 - Idris Sardi, Indonesian violinist and composer (b. 1938) *2015 - Ashura Hara, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1947) *2015 - Keith Harris, English ventriloquist (b. 1947) *2015 - Xu Guangxian, Chinese chemist (b. 1920) *2015 - Deng Minghe, Chinese actor (b. 2006) *2015 - Michael J. Ingelido, American air force general (b. 1916) *2015 - René Féret, French actor and director (b. 1945) *2015 - Duri Camichel, Swiss ice hockey player (b. 1982) *2015 - Jack Ely, American singer (b. 1943) *2016 - Georg Kronawitter, German politician (b. 1928) *2016 - Edward Ashmore, British naval officer (b. 1919) *2016 - Conrad Burns, American politician (b. 1934) *2016 - Jenny Diski, English writer (b. 1947) *2016 - Igor Fesunenko, Russian journalist (b. 1933) *2016 - René Hausman, Belgian author and artist (b. 1936) *2016 - Barry Howard, English actor (b. 1937) *2016 - Ingram Olkin, American professor of statistics (b. 1924) *2017 - Vito Acconci, American artist and architectural designer (b. 1940) *2017 - Brazo de Oro, Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1959) *2017 - Janelle Kirtley, American water skier (b. 1943) *2017 - John Shifflett, American jazz musician (b. 1953) *2017 - Chad Young, American cyclist (b. 1995) *2018 - James H. Cone, American theologian (b. 1936) *2018 - Alfie Evans, British child in parental rights case (b. 2016) *2018 - Larry Harvey, American artist, philanthropist and activist (b. 1948) *2018 - Art Paul, American graphic designer (b. 1925) *2018 - Agildo Ribeiro, Brazilian actor (b. 1932) *2018 - Art Shay, American photographer (b. 1922) *2018 - Karl Toft, Canadian sex offender (b. 1936) *2018 - Eric Koch, German-Canadian author, broadcaster and academic (b. 1919) *2019 - Sylvia Bretschneider, German politician (b. 1960) *2019 - Wayson Choy, Canadian writer (b. 1939) *2019 - Damon Keith, American judge (b. 1922) *2019 - Jo Sullivan Loesser, American actress (b. 1927) *2019 - Richard Lugar, American politician, United States Senator for Indiana (b. 1932) *2019 - Karol Modzelewski, Polish historian, writer, politician and academic (b. 1937) *2019 - Menachem Mandel Taub, Israeli concentration camp survivor (b. 1923) == Observances == * Workers Memorial Day * World Day for Safety and Health at Work * National Heroes Day (Barbados) * National Day (Sardinia) Category:Days of the year