Title: March 7 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies. * 238 - Roman subjects in North Africa revolt against Maximus Thrax and elect Gordian I as Roman Emperor. * 321 - Constantine announces that Sunday is a rest day in Europe. * 1277 - Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris, condemns 219 philosophical and theological theses. * 1573 - A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman- Venetian War and leaving Cyprus under Ottoman control. * 1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops kill over 2,000 Albanian captives. * 1850 - US Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in support of the Compromise of 1850. * 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces defeat Confederate troops at Pea Ridge, Arkansas. * 1871 - Jose Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco becomes Prime Minister of the Empire of Brazil. With four years in office, he becomes its longest-serving Prime Minister. * 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for the telephone. * 1897 - Cornflakes are first served at a sanatorium in Michigan, having been invented by John Harvey Kellogg and Will Keith Kellogg. * 1900 - German liner SS Wilhelm der Grosse becomes the first ship to send wireless signals to shore. === 1901 2000 === * 1902 - Second Boer War: Battle of Tweebosch - A Boer commando led by Koos de la Rey inflicts a heavy defeat on British forces. * 1912 - Roald Amundsen announces that his Norwegian expedition reached the South Pole on December 14, 1911. * 1914 - Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign. * 1927 - A magnitude 7.6 earthquake its Tango Province, Japan, killing 3,000 people. * 1936 - Germany re-occupies the Rhineland, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and Locarno Pact. * 1945 - World War II: American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine at Remagen. * 1950 - The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy. * 1951 - Korean War: Operation Ripper - UN troops led by General Matthew Ridgeway begin an assault against Chinese forces. * 1965 - A Civil rights march by 600 people in Selma, Alabama, is forcefully broken. * 1968 - Vietnam War: US and South Vietnamese military forces begin Operation Truong Cong Dinh to root out Viet Cong forces from the area surrounding My Tho. * 1971 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founding leader of Bangladesh, delivers a historic speech at Suhrawardy Udyan. * 1980 - Oil tanker "Tanio" breaks in two off Brittany. * 1985 - The song "We are the World" receives its international release. * 1986 - Divers from the USS Preserver discover the crew cabin of the Space Shuttle Challenger on the ocean floor. * 1989 - Iran and the United Kingdom break off diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie's book "The Satanic Verses". * 1992 - Eduard Shevardnadze becomes Head of State in Georgia. === From 2001 === * 2002 - The 2002 Winter Paralympics begin in Salt Lake City. * 2004 - Kostas Karamanlis is elected Prime Minister of Greece. * 2004 - The Samson ferry sinks in a cyclone between Madagascar and the Comoros. * 2006 - Terror organization Lashkar-e- Taiba co-ordinates a series of bombings in Varanasi, India. * 2007 - The UK House of Commons supports by a majority to have an elected House of Lords. * 2009 - The Kepler space observatory is launched to find Earth-like planets orbiting around other stars. * 2009 - The Real Irish Republican Army kills two British soldiers and two civilians outside a barracks in Northern Ireland. * 2010 - Kathryn Bigelow becomes the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director, for her movie The Hurt Locker. * 2014 - The 2014 Winter Paralympics begin in Sochi, Southern Russia. * 2015 - An attack by Boko Haram in Maiduguri, northern Nigeria, leaves an estimated 50 people dead. * 2017 - North Korea and Malaysia ban each other's citizens from leaving their countries in a continued diplomatic row over the murder of Kim Jong-nam (half- brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un). == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 189 - Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor (d. 211) * 1481 - Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1537) * 1556 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (d. 1621) * 1663 - Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1745) * 1671 - Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (d. 1734) * 1671 - Ellis Wynne, Welsh clergyman and author (d. 1734) * 1678 - Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect (d. 1736) * 1693 - Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769) * 1715 - Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (d. 1759) * 1715 - Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (d. 1755) * 1730 - Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (d. 1807) * 1765 - Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor of photography (d. 1833) * 1785 - Alessandro Manzoni, Italian writer (d. 1873) * 1788 - Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1878) * 1792 - John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871) * 1802 - Edwin Henry Landseer, English painter (d. 1873) * 1835 - Daniel Giraud Elliot, American zoologist (d. 1915) * 1837 - Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882) * 1849 - Luther Burbank, American botanist, horticulturist and agricultural scientist (d. 1926) * 1850 - Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, 1st President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937) * 1850 - Champ Clark, 41st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1921) * 1857 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian doctor, won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1940) * 1866 - Hans Fruhstorfer, German explorer and entomologist (d. 1922) * 1868 - Giovanni Giacometti, Swiss painter (d. 1933) * 1872 - Piet Mondrian, Dutch artist (d. 1944) * 1875 – Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937) * 1878 - Boris Kustodiev, Russian painter (d. 1927) * 1886 - Virginia Pearson, American silent movie actress (d. 1958) * 1888 - Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenbourgh Stachouwer, Dutch lawyer and politician (d. 1978) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 - Beatrice Roberts, American actress (d. 1970) * 1902 - Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994) * 1904 - Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1969) * 1904 - Reinhard Heydrich, German SS officer (d. 1942) * 1908 - Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973) * 1911 - Nikolai Baibakov, Soviet politician (d. 2008) * 1914 - John Rodney, American actor (d. 1996) * 1914 - Lee Young, American jazz drummer and singer (d. 2008) * 1915 - Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000) * 1917 - Betty Holberton, American engineer and programmer (d. 2004) * 1922 - Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 2004) * 1922 - Umberto Betti, Italian cardinal (d. 2009) * 1924 - Eduardo Paolozzi, Scottish sculptor and artist (d. 2005) * 1924 - Kobo Abe, Japanese writer, playwright, photographer and inventor (d. 1993) * 1925 - René Gagnon, American navy officer (d. 1979) * 1927 - James Broderick, American actor (d. 1982) * 1927 - Philippe Clay, French singer and actor (d. 2007) * 1930 - Robert D. Cardona, American model- maker * 1930 - Stanley Miller, American biologist and chemist (d. 2007) * 1930 - Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, British photographer and husband of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2017) * 1933 - Hannelore Kohl, wife of Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl (d. 2001) * 1933 - Gordon Walgren, American politician and convicted fraudster (d. 2018) * 1933 - Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1998) * 1934 - Douglas Cardinal, Canadian architect * 1935 - Antonios Naguib, Coptic Catholic Church Patriarch and cardinal * 1936 - Julio Terrazas Sandoval, Bolivian archbishop and cardinal (d. 2015) * 1938 - Albert Fert, French physicist * 1938 - David Baltimore, American biologist * 1938 - Petr Skoumal, Czech musician and composer (d. 2014) * 1939 - Panajot Pano, Albanian footballer (d. 2010) * 1940 - Rudi Dutschke, German student leader (d. 1979) * 1940 - Daniel J. Travanti, American actor * 1942 - Michael Eisner, American movie studio executive * 1942 - Tammy Faye Messner, American televangelist (d. 2007) * 1943 - Chris White, English bass player and songwriter (The Zombies) * 1944 - Ranulph Fiennes, British explorer * 1944 - Michael Rosbash, American biologist and Nobel laureate * 1944 - Townes Van Zandt, American musician and songwriter (d. 1997) * 1945 - John Heard, American actor * 1945 - Bob Herbert, American journalist * 1945 - Nicholas Kraemer, English harpsichord player and conductor * 1947 - Richard Lawson, American actor * 1947 - Walter Röhrl, German rally driver * 1949 - Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician * 1949 - Genyo Takeda, Japanese video game developer * 1950 - Iris Chacon, Puerto Rican singer and dancer === 1951 1975 === * 1952 - William Boyd, Scottish writer, screenwriter and producer * 1952 - Viv Richards, Antiguan West Indies cricketer * 1952 - Ernie Isley, American guitarist and songwriter (The Isley Brothers) * 1953 - Bernard Voyer, Canadian explorer and mountaineer * 1954 - Eva Brunne, Swedish clergywoman and first openly lesbian bishop * 1955 - Anupam Kher, Indian actor * 1956 - Bryan Cranston, American actor * 1956 - Andrea Levy, British writer (d. 2019) * 1958 - Alan Hale, American astronomer * 1958 - Rik Mayall, British actor and comedian (d. 2014) * 1959 - Tom Lehman, American golfer * 1959 - Donna Murphy, American actress and singer * 1960 - Ivan Lendl, Czech-American tennis player and coach of Andy Murray * 1960 - Kazuo Ozaki, Japanese footballer * 1961 - Mary Beth Evans, American actress * 1962 – Taylor Dayne, American singer * 1963 - Mike Eagles, Canadian ice hockey player * 1963 - E. L. James, English writer (Fifty Shades of Grey) * 1964 - Bret Easton Ellis, American author and screenwriter * 1964 - Wanda Sykes, American actress and comedienne * 1964 - Tommy Sheridan, Scottish politician * 1965 - Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer * 1966 - Terry Carkner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1967 - Ruthie Henshall, British theatre actress and singer * 1967 - Ai Yazawa, Japanese manga artist * 1969 - Massimo Lotti, Italian footballer * 1970 - Petra Mede, Swedish comedienne, dancer and television host * 1970 - Rachel Weisz, British actress * 1971 - Peter Sarsgaard, American actor * 1971 - Matthew Vaughn, British movie producer and director * 1972 - Jang Dong-Gun, South Korean actor and musician * 1972 - Simon Pryce, Australian musician (The Wiggles) * 1973 - Sébastien Izambard, Swiss operatic singer (Il Divo) * 1973 - Ray Parlour, English footballer * 1974 - Jenna Fischer, American actress * 1974 - Darryl Stephens, American actor * 1975 - Audrey Marie Anderson, American actress and model === From 1976 === * 1977 - Paul Cattermole, British singer and actor * 1977 - Gianluca Grava, Italian footballer * 1977 - Ronan O'Gara, Irish rugby player * 1977 - Jerome Fernandez, French handball player * 1980 - Murat Boz, Turkish singer-songwriter and actor * 1980 - Eric Godard, Canadian ice hockey player * 1980 - Laura Prepon, American actress * 1982 - Marc Planus, French footballer * 1983 - Manucho, Angolan footballer * 1984 - Mathieu Flamini, French footballer * 1986 - Ben Griffin, Australian footballer * 1987 - Hatem Ben Arfa, French footballer * 1987 - Niclas Bergfors, Swedish ice hockey player * 1987 - Eleni Foureira, Albanian-Greek singer * 1988 - Larry Asante, American football player * 1989 - Gerald Anderson, Filipino- American actor and model * 1990 – Abigail and Brittany Hensel, American conjoined twins * 1990 - Lefteris Matsoukas, Greek footballer * 1991 - Quenten Martinus, Curaçaoan footballer * 1991 - Michele Rigione, Italian footballer * 1992 - Bel Powley, English actress * 1994 - An-Sophie Mestach, Belgian tennis player * 1994 - Jordan Pickford, English footballer * 2009 - Prince Umberto of Savoy == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 322 BC – Aristotle, Greek philosopher (b. 384 BC) * 161 - Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (b. 86) * 203 - Felicity and Perpetua, early Christian martyrs * 413 - Heraclianus, Roman politician * 851 - Nominoe, Duke of Brittany * 1274 - Saint Thomas Aquinas, Italian philosopher (b. 1225) * 1550 - William IV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1493) * 1625 - Johann Bayer, German astronomer (b. 1572) * 1724 - Pope Innocent XIII (b. 1655) * 1778 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist (b. 1720) * 1786 - Franz Benda, Bohemian composer (b. 1709) * 1809 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French balloonist (b. 1753) * 1875 - John Edward Gray, British zoologist (b. 1800) === 1901 2000 === * 1920 - Jaan Poska, Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician (b. 1866) * 1932 - Aristide Briand, French politician and diplomat (b. 1862) * 1938 - Andreas Michalakopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876) * 1942 - Lucy Parsons, American anarchist, Communist and labor organizer (b. 1853) * 1952 - Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian Guru (b. 1893) * 1954 - Otto Diels, German chemist (b. 1876) * 1957 - Wyndham Lewis, British author (b. 1882) * 1961 - Govind Ballabh Pant, Indian politician, 2nd Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (b. 1887) * 1965 - Louise Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden (b. 1889) * 1967 - Alice B. Toklas, American companion to Gertrude Stein (b. 1877) * 1969 - Sampurnanand, Indian politician (b. 1910) * 1974 - Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer and actor (b. 1906) * 1975 - Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (b. 1895) * 1981 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (b. 1914) * 1983 - Igor Markevitch, Ukrainian conductor and composer (b. 1912) * 1986 - Jacob J. Javits, American politician (b. 1904) * 1988 - Robert Livingston, American actor (b. 1914) * 1988 - Divine, American actor and singer (b. 1945) * 1991 - Cool Papa Bell, American baseball player (b. 1903) * 1997 - Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist (b. 1912) * 1999 – Stanley Kubrick, American movie director (b. 1928) * 1999 - Sidney Gottlieb, American CIA official (b. 1918) * 2000 - Pee Wee King, American country musician, songwriter and producer (b. 1914) * 2000 - Hirokazu Ninomiya, Japanese footballer (b. 1917) === From 2001 === * 2001 - Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903) * 2004 - Paul Winfield, American actor (b. 1941) * 2005 - John Box, British movie production designer and art director (b. 1920) * 2005 - Debra Hill, American screenwriter and movie producer (b. 1950) * 2006 - John Junkin, British performer (b. 1930) * 2006 - Gordon Parks, American actor, director and photographer (b. 1912) * 2006 - Ali Farka Touré, Malian musician (b. 1939) * 2010 - Kenneth Dover, British classicist (b. 1920) * 2012 - Wlodzimierz Smolarek, Polish footballer (b. 1957) * 2012 - Felicien Marceau, French novelist, playwright and essayist (b. 1913) * 2013 - Peter Banks, English musician (b. 1947) * 2013 - Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1922) * 2013 - Frederick B. Karl, American politician (b. 1924) * 2014 - Heiko Bellmann, German biologist, writer and photographer (b. 1950) * 2014 - Uwe Timm, German writer and anarchist (b. 1932) * 2014 - Hal Douglas, American voice actor and announcer (b. 1924) * 2014 - Ned O'Gorman, American poet (b. 1929) * 2015 - Gregorio Bundio, Argentine footballer and manager (El Salvador national football team) (b. 1928) * 2015 - Edmond Malinvaud, French economist (b. 1923) * 2015 - F. Ray Keyser, Jr., American politician, 72nd Governor of Vermont (b. 1927) * 2016 - Adrian Hardiman, Irish judge (b. 1950) * 2016 - Jean-Bernard Raimond, French politician (b. 1926) * 2016 - Michael White, Scottish theatre and film producer (b. 1936) * 2017 - Ron Bass, American professional wrestler (b. 1948) * 2017 - Syed Sajjad Ali Shah, Chief Justice of Pakistan (b. 1933) * 2017 - Helen Sommers, American politician (b. 1932) * 2017 - Lynne Stewart, American attorney (b. 1939) * 2017 - Hans Georg Dehmelt, German-American physicist (b. 1922) * 2017 - Ronald Drever, Scottish physicist (b. 1931) * 2017 - Peter M. Gruber, Austrian mathematician (b. 1941) * 2017 - Juan Carlos Touriño, Spanish footballer (b. 1944) * 2018 - Reynaldo Bignone, President of Argentina (b. 1928) * 2018 - Woody Durham, American basketball radio announcer (b. 1941) * 2018 - Charles Thone, American politician, 34th Governor of Nebraska (b. 1924) * 2018 - Antonia La Negra, Spanish singer and dancer (b. 1936) * 2019 - Dick Beyer, American professional wrestler (b. 1930) * 2019 - Joseph M. Boardman, American railroad executive (b. 1948) * 2019 - Robert Braithwaite, British marine engineer and entrepreneur (b. 1943) * 2019 - Guillaume Faye, French journalist and writer (b. 1941) * 2019 - Ralph Hall, American politician (b. 1923) * 2019 - Dick Nichols, American banker and politician (b. 1926) * 2019 - Sid Sheinberg, American lawyer and studio executive (b. 1935) ==Festivals== *Felicity and Perpetua (Roman Catholicism) *Teacher's Day (Albania) March 07