Title: May 27 Content: == Events == === Up to 1930 === * 1153 - Malcolm IV of Scotland becomes King. * 1199 - King John of England is crowned. * 1293 - A massive earthquake hits Kamakura, Japan. * 1328 – Philip VI is crowned King of France. * 1644 - Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun Dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer Beijing. * 1703 – Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg. * 1799 - War of the Second Coalition: Austrian forces defeat the French at Winterthur, Switzerland, securing control of the Northeast Swiss plateau because of the town's location at the junction of the seven cross-roads. * 1813 – War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Fort George. * 1849 – The Great Hall of Euston station, London opened. * 1860 – Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian Unification. * 1883 – Alexander III is crowned Tsar of Russia. * 1895 – Oscar Wilde is sent to prison for sodomy. * 1896 – The F5-strength East St. Louis Tornado hits in East Saint Louis, Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri, killing 255 people. * 1901 – In New Jersey, the Edison Storage Battery Company is founded. * 1905 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima begins. * 1907 – A bubonic plague outbreak begins in San Francisco, California. * 1915 - Off Sheerness, minelayer Princess Irene runs over laid mines and explodes, killing 400 people. * 1919 – The NC-4 aircraft arrives in Lisbon after completing the first transatlantic flight. * 1923 – The first 24 hours of Le Mans race ends. * 1924 – The Music Corporation of America (MCA) is founded. * 1927 – The Ford Motor Company stops making the Ford Model T and gets ready to make Ford Model As. * 1930 – The 1,046 feet (319 meters) tall Chrysler Building in New York (tallest man-made structure at the time) opens to the public. === 1931 2000 === * 1932 – The Sydney Harbour Bridge opens. * 1933 – New Deal: The U.S. Federal Securities Act is signed into law requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission. * 1933 – The Walt Disney Company releases the cartoon The Three Little Pigs, with its hit song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" * 1933 – The Century of Progress World's Fair opens in Chicago. * 1934 - The 1934 FIFA World Cup in Italy begins, with a series of knock-out games. * 1935 – New Deal: The Supreme Court of the United States declares the National Industrial Recovery Act to be unconstitutional in the case A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, (295 U.S. 495). * 1936 – The RMS Queen Mary begins her first voyage. * 1937 – In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County. * 1939 – DC Comics prints its second superhero in Detective Comics #27; he is Batman, one of the most topical comic book superheroes of all time. * 1940 – World War II: 97 out of 99 members of a Royal Norfolk Regiment unit are massacred while trying to surrender at Dunkirk. The German commander, Captain Fritz Knochlein, is later hanged for war crimes. * 1941 – World War II: US President Franklin Roosevelt proclaims an "unlimited national emergency". * 1941 – World War II: The German battleship Bismarck is sunk in the North Atlantic killing 2,300 men. * 1942 - World War II: Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich is wounded in Prague and dies over a week later. * 1960 – In Turkey, General Cemal Gürsel leads a military coup d'état removing President Celal Bayar and the rest of the democratic government. * 1963 – Folk music singer Bob Dylan releases The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan album, which features "Blowin' in the Wind" and several other of his best-known songs. * 1964 – Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru dies in office. * 1965 – Vietnam War: United States warships begin bombing of National Liberation Front targets within South Vietnam for the first time. * 1967 – Australians vote to change the Constitution to give Indigenous Australians equal rights * 1968 – Future U.S. President George W. Bush joins the Texas Air National Guard. * 1971 - The Dahlerau train disaster near Wuppertal, then-West Germany, kills 46 people and injures 25. * 1974 – Jacques Chirac becomes Prime Minister of France. * 1975 - The Dibbles Bridge coach crash near Grassington, North Yorkshire, England, kills 33 people, in the United Kingdom's deadliest- ever road accident. * 1980 – The Gwangju Massacre: air force and army troops of South Korea retake the city of Gwangju from civil militias, killing at least 207 and possibly many more. * 1995 – In Charlottesville, Virginia, actor Christopher Reeve is paralyzed (not able to move) from the neck down after falling from his horse in a riding competition. * 1996 – First Chechnya War: Russian President Boris Yeltsin meets with Chechnyan rebels for the first time and agrees to a cease-fire in the war. * 1997 – The F5-strength Jarrell Tornado slams into the small town of Jarrell, Texas, killing 27 people. * 1998 – Oklahoma City bombing: Michael Fortier is sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined $200,000 for failing to warn authorities about the terrorist plot. * 1999 – The International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands charges Slobodan Milošević and 4 others for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Kosovo. === From 2001 === * 2005 – Schapelle Corby is sentenced to 20 years in jail for marijuana smuggling in Indonesia. * 2006 – An earthquake in Java kills over 6,600 people and destroys the cities of Bantul and Yogyakarta. * 2009 - A suicide bombing kills at least 35 people in Lahore, Pakistan. * 2015 - Football's world governing body FIFA is accused by US law enforcement officials of bribery totaling hundreds of dollars over more than 20 years, including a scheme involving the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Fourteen people are arrested, and President Sepp Blatter is under pressure over his position. * 2016 - Barack Obama becomes the first serving President of the United States to visit Hiroshima and meet victims of the atomic bomb. * 2017 - A computer failure at British Airways leads to the airline's flights around the world being cancelled. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 742 - Emperor Dezong of Tang of China (d. 805) * 1332 – Ibn Khaldun, Arab polymath (d. 1406) * 1519 – Girolamo Mei, Italian historian (d. 1594) * 1623 – William Petty, English scientist and philosopher (d. 1687) * 1626 – William II, Prince of Orange (d. 1650) * 1651 - Louis Antoine de Noailles, French cardinal (d. 1729) * 1652 – Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (Charlotte Elizabeth, Duchesse d'Orléans) (d. 1722) * 1738 – Nathaniel Gorham, American politician (d. 1796) * 1756 - King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (d. 1825) * 1774 – Francis Beaufort, Irish scientist and admiral (d. 1857) * 1794 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, entrepreneur (d. 1877) * 1818 - Amelia Bloomer, American activist (d. 1894) * 1818 - Franciscus Donders, Dutch ophthalmologist (d. 1889) * 1819 – Julia Ward Howe, composer ("The Battle Hymn of the Republic") (d. 1910) * 1819 – George V of Hanover (d. 1878) * 1820 – Mathilde Bonaparte, French princess and socialite (d. 1904) * 1822 - Joachim Raff, Swiss-German composer (d. 1882) * 1832 - Zenas Ferry Moody, American politician, 7th Governor of Oregon (d. 1917) * 1832 - Lizardo Montero Flores, President of Peru (d. 1905) * 1836 – Jay Gould, American financier (d. 1892) * 1837 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (d. 1876) * 1860 – Manuel Teixeira Gomes, 7th President of Portugal (d. 1941) * 1864 – Ante Trumbić, Croat politician (d. 1938) * 1867 – Arnold Bennett, British novelist (d. 1931) * 1871 – Georges Rouault, painter and graphic artist (d. 1958) * 1876 - Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski, Polish journalist and author (d. 1945) * 1876 - William Stanier, English engineer (d. 1965) * 1877 – Isadora Duncan, American dancer (d. 1927) * 1879 – Karl Bühler, psychologist (d. 1963) * 1884 – Max Brod, writer (d. 1968) * 1888 – Louis Durey, French composer (d. 1979) * 1893 – Hermann Dörnemann, German supercentenarian, world's oldest man from November 19, 2004 (d. 2005) * 1894 – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French writer (d. 1961) * 1894 – Dashiell Hammett, American writer (d. 1961) * 1895 - Douglas Lloyd Campbell, 13th Premier of Manitoba (d. 1995) * 1897 – John Cockcroft, British physicist (d. 1967) * 1900 - Ethel Lang, British supercentenarian (d. 2015) === 1901 1925 === * 1902 - Fanny Godin, Belgian supercentenarian (d. 2014) * 1904 – Chohei Nambu, Japanese athlete (d. 1997) * 1906 - Buddhadasa, Thai monk and philosopher (d. 1993) * 1907 - Carl Falck, Norwegian businessman and centenarian (d. 2016) * 1907 – Rachel Carson, American ecologist (d. 1964) * 1909 – Dolores Hope, American singer (d. 2011) * 1909 - Don Finlay, English hurdler and pilot (d. 1970) * 1911 – Hubert H. Humphrey, 38th Vice President of the United States (d. 1978) * 1911 – Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem (d. 2007) * 1911 – Vincent Price, American actor (d. 1993) * 1912 – John Cheever, writer (d. 1982) * 1912 – Sam Snead, American golf champion (d. 2002) * 1913 – Wols, German painter (d. 1951) * 1915 – Herman Wouk, American writer (d. 2019) * 1917 – Yasuhiro Nakasone, former Prime Minister of Japan * 1920 - Gabrielle Wittkop, French writer, essayist, journalist and artist (d. 2002) * 1921 – Caryl Chessman, American, executed for murder (d. 1960) * 1921 - Bob Godfrey, English animator (d. 2013) * 1922 – Christopher Lee, English actor (d. 2015) * 1922 - Otto Carius, German World War II tank commander (d. 2015) * 1922 – John David Vanderhoof, 36th Governor of Colorado (d. 2013) * 1923 – Henry Kissinger, American politician, 37th United States Secretary of State, received the Nobel Peace Prize * 1923 - Inge Morath, Austrian-American photographer (d. 2002) * 1923 – Sumner Redstone, American entrepreneur * 1924 - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (d. 2014) * 1925 – Tony Hillerman, American mystery writer (d. 2008) === 1926 1950 === * 1928 - Thea Musgrave, Scottish-American composer * 1930 – John Barth, American novelist * 1930 – Eino Tamberg, Estonian composer (d. 2010) * 1930 – William S. Sessions, FBI director * 1931 - Faten Hamama, Egyptian actress (d. 2015) * 1934 - Enzo Siciliano, Italian writer (d. 2006) * 1934 – Harlan Ellison, American science fiction writer (d. 2018) * 1934 - Uwe Friedrichsen, German actor (d. 2016) * 1935 – Lee Meriwether, American actress and former Miss America * 1935 - Luud Schimmelpennink, Dutch inventor, entrepreneur and politician * 1936 – Louis Gossett Jr., American actor * 1936 - Marcel Masse, Canadian politician (d. 2014) * 1937 – Allan Carr, producer, writer (d. 1999) * 1940 - Mike Gibson, Australian sports journalist (d. 2015) * 1942 - Piers Courage, English racing driver (d. 1970) * 1943 – Cilla Black, English singer (d. 2015) * 1943 - Robert Axelrod, American political scientist * 1944 - Alain Souchon, French singer-songwriter, guitarist and author * 1945 – Bruce Cockburn, Canadian musician * 1946 - Lewis Collins, English actor (d. 2013) * 1946 – Niels- Henning Ørsted Pedersen, Danish jazz musician (d. 2005) * 1947 - Henry McMaster, American politician, 117th Governor of South Carolina * 1947 – Branko Oblak, Slovenian footballer * 1949 - Terry Collins, American baseball manager === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Ana Belén, Spanish singer and actress * 1955 – Eric Bischoff, American WWE performer * 1956 - Giuseppe Tornatore, Italian director and screenwriter * 1957 – Siouxsie Sioux, English musician ("Siouxsie and the Banshees") * 1957 – Duncan Goodhew, English swimmer * 1958 - Jesse Robredo, Filipino politician (d. 2012) * 1958 – Neil Finn, New Zealand singer and songwriter * 1958 – Linnea Quigley, American actress * 1958 – Wayne Williams, American child murderer * 1959 - Donna Strickland, Canadian physicist * 1960 - Ray Armstead, American athlete * 1961 – Peri Gilpin, American actress * 1962 - David Mundell, Scottish politician * 1962 - Steven Brill, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter * 1962 - Ravi Shastri, Indian cricketer and sportscaster * 1963 - Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Cuban pianist and composer * 1964 – Adam Carolla, American comedian, television host and actor * 1964 - Volker Abramczik, German footballer * 1965 – Todd Bridges, American actor * 1965 – Pat Cash, Australian tennis player * 1966 – Sean Kinney, American drummer (Alice in Chains) * 1966 – Heston Blumenthal, English chef * 1967 – Paul Gascoigne, English footballer * 1968 – Rebekah Brooks, English newspaper editor * 1968 – Jeff Bagwell, American baseball player * 1968 – Frank Thomas, American baseball player * 1970 – Joseph Fiennes, English actor * 1970 - Michele Bartoli, Italian cyclist * 1970 - Tim Farron, English politician * 1971 – Paul Bettany, English actor * 1971 – Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopes, American singer (d. 2002) * 1971 - Sophie Walker, Scottish politician * 1971 - Lee Sharpe, English footballer * 1971 - Beatrix von Storch, German politician of the Alternative for Germany Party * 1974 – Derek Webb, singer- songwriter, former member of Caedmon's Call * 1974 – Danny Wuerffel, American football quarterback, Heisman Trophy winner * 1975 – Jamie Oliver, British celebrity chef and TV personality (The Naked Chef) * 1975 – Michael Hussey, Australian cricketer * 1975 - André 3000, American rapper, producer and actor === From 1976 === * 1976 – Jiri Stajner, Czech footballer * 1977 – Mahela Jayawardene, Sri Lankan cricketer * 1979 – Mile Sterjovski, Australian footballer * 1981 – Johan Elmander, Swedish footballer * 1981 – Miloy, Angolan footballer * 1981 – Fivos Constantinou, Cypriot runner * 1983 – Bobby Convey, American soccer player * 1984 - Kalle Spjuth, Swedish bandy player * 1985 – Roberto Soldado, Spanish footballer * 1987 – Gervinho, Ivorian footballer * 1988 - Birkir Bjarnason, Icelandic footballer * 1988 - Mari Pokinen, Estonian actress and singer * 1989 - Igor Morozov, Estonian footballer * 1990 - Nadine Beiler, Austrian singer * 1990 – Chris Colfer, American actor * 1990 - Apinya Sakuljaroensuk, Thai actress * 1990 - Jonas Hector, German footballer * 1994 - Aymeric Laporte, French footballer * 1999 - Lily-Rose Depp, French-American actress * 1999 - Harambe, American-bred Western lowland gorilla (d. 2016) == Deaths == === Up to 1950 === * 366 – Procopius, Roman usurper (b. 326) * 866 – Ordoño I, king of Asturias * 927 – Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria * 1508 – Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (b. 1452) * 1525 - Thomas Müntzer, German theologian and religious reformer (b. 1489) * 1541 – Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (executed) (b. 1374) * 1564 – John Calvin, religious reformer (b. 1509) * 1610 – Ravaillac, assassin who killed Henry IV of France (b. 1578) * 1661 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, Scottish Covenanter, was beheaded * 1707 – Marquise de Montespan, mistress of Louis XIV of France (b. 1641) * 1797 – François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary and early socialist (b. 1760) * 1831 – Jedediah Smith, American explorer (b. 1799) * 1840 – Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1782) * 1885 - Charles Rogier, Belgian politician and journalist (b. 1800) * 1896 - Aleksandr Stoletov, Russian physicist (b. 1839) * 1910 – Robert Koch, German doctor, won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1843) * 1918 - Ozutsu Man'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1869) * 1926 – Srečko Kosovel, Slovenian poet * 1936 - H. P. Hanssen, Danish politician (b. 1862) * 1939 - Joseph Roth, Austrian writer (b. 1894) * 1941 - Ernst Lindemann, German captain (b. 1894) * 1941 - Günther Lütjens, German admiral (b. 1889) * 1943 - Gordon Coates, 21st Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1878) === 1951 2000 === * 1960 – James Montgomery Flagg, illustrator (b. 1877) * 1962 - Egon Petri, German pianist (b. 1881) * 1963 - Grigoris Lambrakis, Greek physician and politician (b. 1912) * 1964 – Jawaharlal Nehru, 1st Prime Minister of India (b. 1889) * 1967 - W. Otto Miessner, American composer and educator (b. 1880) * 1971 - Armando Picchi, Italian footballer and coach (b. 1935) * 1985 – Kai Lindberg, Danish politician (b. 1899) * 1986 – Isma'il Raji' al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American Muslim thinker, philosopher, and comparative religion scholar (b. 1921) * 1986 - Ajoy Mukherjee, Indian politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (b. 1901) * 1987 – John Howard Northrop, American chemist, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1891) * 1988 - Ernst Ruska, German physicist (b. 1906) * 1989 - Arseny Tarkovsky, Russian poet (b. 1907) * 1990 - Robert B. Meyner, 40th Governor of New Jersey (b. 1908) * 1991 – Leopold Nowak, musicologist (b. 1904) * 1993 – Werner Stocker, German actor (b. 1955) * 2000 – Crawford Murray MacLehose of Beoch, British Governor of Hong Kong (b. 1917) * 2000 – Maurice Richard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921) === From 2001 === * 2003 – Luciano Berio, Italian composer (b. 1925) * 2004 – Umberto Agnelli, Italian entrepreneur (b. 1934) * 2007 – Zard, Japanese singer (b. 1967) * 2007 - Ed Yost, American inventor (b. 1919) * 2008 – Franz Künstler, last-surviving Austro-Hungarian World War I veteran (b. 1900) * 2009 – Clive Granger, British economist (b. 1934) * 2010 – John William Finn, American naval officer (b. 1909) * 2011 – Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player (b. 1974) * 2011 – Jeff Conaway, American actor (b. 1950) * 2011 – Gil Scott-Heron, American rapper and poet (b. 1949) * 2012 - Friedrich Hirzebruch, German mathematician (b. 1927) * 2012 - Johnny Tapia, American boxer (b. 1967) * 2013 - Bill Pertwee, British actor (b. 1926) * 2014 - Helma Sanders-Brahms, German movie director, screenwriter, producer and actress (b. 1940) * 2014 - Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian medical research scientist (b. 1933) * 2014 - Massimo Vignelli, Italian graphic designer (b. 1931) * 2015 - Erik Carlsson, Swedish rally driver (b. 1929) * 2015 - Nils Christie, Norwegian sociologist and criminologist (b. 1928) * 2016 - Kai G. Henriksen, Norwegian businessman (b. 1956) * 2016 - Marshall Jones, American musician (b. 1941) * 2017 - Gregg Allman, American musician (b. 1947) * 2017 - Don Robinson, English rugby league player (b. 1932) * 2018 - Gardner Dozois, American science fiction writer (b. 1947) * 2018 - Aly Lotfy Mahmoud, Egyptian economist and politician, Prime minister of Egypt (b. 1935) * 2018 - Donald H. Peterson, American astronaut (b. 1933) * 2018 - John DiFronzo, American mobster (b. 1928) * 2019 - Bill Buckner, American baseball player (b. 1949) * 2019 - Veeru Devgan, Indian choreographer, actor and director (b. 1934) * 2019 - Gabriel Diniz, Brazilian singer and composer (b. 1990) * 2019 - Tony Horwitz, American journalist and author (b. 1958) * 2019 - Aharon Razin, Israeli biochemist (b. 1935) * 2020 - Tony Scannell, Irish actor (b. 1945) == Observances == * Children's Day (Nigeria) * Armed Forces Day (Nicaragua) * Mother's Day (Bolivia) * Navy Day (Japan) Category:Days of the year