Title: July 7 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1456 – A retrial verdict clears Joan of Arc of heresy, 25 years after she was burnt to death at the stake. * 1534 – The first exchange between Europeans and Native Americans takes place in present- day New Brunswick. * 1543 - French troops invade Luxembourg. * 1575 - Raid of the Redeswine, the last major battle between England and Scotland. * 1585 - The Treaty of Nemours bans tolerance of Protestants in France. * 1770 - The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire is fought. * 1777 - American Revolutionary War: American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated at the Battle of Hubbardton. * 1807 - Napoleonic Wars: The Peace of Tilsit between France, Russia and Prussia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition. * 1846 – California is annexed by the United States. * 1865 – The conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, are executed. * 1881 - Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi, is published for the first time. * 1898 – Hawaii becomes a United States Territory. === 1901 2000 === * 1911 - The United States, United Kingdom, France and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, banning open-water seal hunting. * 1915 - World War I: End of the First Battle of Isonzo. * 1915 - An International Railway trolley overloaded with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, Canada, killing 15 people. * 1928 – Commercially sliced bread is first sold in Chillicothe, Missouri. * 1930 – Work on the Hoover Dam begins. * 1937 – The Second Sino-Japanese War begins. * 1941 – World War II: US forces land in Iceland. * 1944 - World War II: American forces carry out an air raid over Leipzig, Germany. * 1946 - Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized. * 1947 - Roswell incident: Alleged crash of an alien spaceship in Roswell, New Mexico, United States. * 1953 - Che Guevara starts out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador. * 1956 - Fritz Moravec and two other Austrian mountaineers become the first people climb Gasherbrum II in the Himalayas. * 1958 – Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law, allowing Alaska to become a State of the US on January 3, 1959. * 1974 – West Germany beats the Netherlands 2-1 to win its second FIFA World Cup. * 1978 – The Solomon Islands become independent. * 1980 - Sharia law is installed in Iran. * 1980 - During the Civil War in Lebanon, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what becomes known as the Safra massacre. * 1981 - Ronald Reagan appoints Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female member of the United States Supreme Court. * 1983 – US schoolgirl Samantha Smith visits the Soviet Union, after an invitation from Yuri Andropov. Samantha Smith had written him a letter, expressing her fears over a nuclear war. * 1985 – Boris Becker wins his first Wimbledon tennis title, aged 17. * 1991 - The Brioni Agreement ends the 10-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. === From 2001 === * 2003 - NASA's Opportunity rover is launched into space on a Delta II rocket. * 2003 - A Boeing 737 of Sudan Airways crashes in Port Sudan, Sudan, shortly after take-off, killing 116 people. * 2005 – Four suicide bombers kill 52 people on London's public transport system. They are the first suicide bombers ever to strike in Europe. * 2007 – Live Earth concerts take place worldwide, promoting protection of the Environment. * 2009 - A public funeral service is held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, for Michael Jackson, who had died on June 25 aged 50. * 2011 – Part of a roof at a football stadium in Enschede, the Netherlands, collapses, killing at least one person. * 2011 - Adolf Hitler is removed as an honorary citizen in his birthplace of Braunau am Inn in Austria. * 2013 - Andy Murray defeats Novak Djokovic to win the men's singles title at Wimbledon, becoming the first British player in 77 years (since Fred Perry) to win the men's title there. * 2017 - A treaty banning nuclear weapons is voted for by 124 out of 193 countries. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1053 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129) * 1119 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164) * 1207 - Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231) * 1528 – Archduchess Anna of Austria (d. 1590) * 1656 - Guru Har Kishan, 8th Sikh Guru (d. 1664) * 1752 – Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834) * 1805 - Victor de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1875) * 1836 - Rudolf Wolf, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (d. 1893) * 1843 – Camillo Golgi, Italian doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926) * 1846 - Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian nationalist leader, doctor and author (d. 1916) * 1848 - Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, 5th President of Brazil (d. 1919) * 1852 - Vera Figner, Russian revolutionary (d. 1942) * 1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (d. 1920) * 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911) * 1861 - Nettie Stevens, American geneticist (d. 1912) * 1873 - A. Victor Donahey, American politician, 50th Governor of Ohio (d. 1946) * 1874 - Wladyslaw Grabski, Polish politician, economist and historian (d. 1938) * 1880 - Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented commercially sliced bread (d. 1960) * 1882 - Yanka Kupala, Belarussian writer (d. 1942) * 1883 - Toivo Kuula, Finnish composer and conductor (d. 1918) * 1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist (d. 1958) * 1887 – Marc Chagall, Belarussian-born painter (d. 1985) * 1891 - Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general (d. 1945) * 1891 - Virginia Rappe, American model and actress (d. 1921) * 1893 - Herbert Feis, American author (d. 1972) * 1893 - Miroslav Krloza, Croatian author, poet and playwright (d. 1981) * 1898 - Arnold Horween, American football player (d. 1985) * 1898 - Teresa Hsu Chi Sing, Singaporean social worker and supercentenarian (d. 2011) * 1899 - George Cukor, American director (d. 1983) * 1900 - Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director (d. 1974) * 1901 - Sam Katzman, American director and producer (d. 1973) * 1901 - Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer (d. 1970) * 1903 - Ralph Tarrant, English supercentenarian (d. 2013) * 1906 – Anton Karas, Austrian zither player (d. 1985) * 1906 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982) * 1906 - William Feller, American mathematician (d. 1970) * 1907 – Robert A. Heinlein, American writer (d. 1988) * 1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer (d. 2007) * 1911 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (d. 2005) * 1913 – Pinetop Perkins, American musician (d. 2011) * 1917 - Iva Withers, Canadian- American actress and singer (d. 2014) * 1917 - Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, President of El Salvador (d. 2003) * 1919 – Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996) * 1921 - Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975) * 1924 - Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist (d. 2007) * 1927 - Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (d. 2018) * 1927 - Alan J. Dixon, former United States Senator for Illinois (d. 2014) * 1930 - Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author * 1930 - Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal * 1930 - Hank Mobley, American jazz composer (d. 1986) * 1931 – David Eddings, American writer (d. 2009) * 1932 - Joe Zawinul, Austrian-American keyboardist and composer (d. 2007) * 1936 - Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician (d. 2013) * 1937 – Tung Chee-hwa, Chinese politician * 1938 - Jan Assmann, German Egyptologist and cultural theorist * 1939 - Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress (d. 2015) * 1940 – Ringo Starr, English drummer (in the Beatles) * 1940 – Wolfgang Clement, German politician, former Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia * 1941 – Michael Howard, British politician * 1941 – Bill Oddie, British comedian and ornithologist * 1943 - Toto Cutugno, Italian singer-songwriter * 1944 - Feleti Sevele, former Prime Minister of Tonga * 1944 - Tony Jacklin, English golfer * 1944 - Glenys Kinnock, Welsh politician * 1945 - Michael Ancram, English-Scottish lawyer and politician * 1945 - Manuel Chaves, Spanish politician, former Prime Minister of Andalusia * 1945 - Matti Salminen, Finnish opera singer * 1947 – Gyanendra, former King of Nepal * 1947 - Victor Manuel, Spanish singer-songwriter * 1947 - Rob Townsend, English drummer * 1948 - Kathy Reichs, American writer and forensic anthropologist * 1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress * 1950 - Gerda Hasselfeldt, German politician * 1950 - Vaughn Armstrong, American actor === 1951 1975 === * 1952 - Mando Guerrero, Mexican-American wrestler and stuntman * 1954 - Rami Fortis, Israeli singer * 1955 - Rolf Saxon, American actor and voice actor * 1957 - Berry Sakharof, Israeli singer * 1957 - Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer * 1958 - Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach * 1959 – Billy Campbell, American actor * 1959 - Jessica Hahn, American model and actress * 1959 - Alessandro Nannini, Italian racing driver * 1960 - Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut * 1960 - Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach * 1963 – Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter * 1963 - Geir Karlstad, Norwegian speed skater * 1964 - Jennifer Gibney, Irish actress * 1965 – Jeremy Guscott, English rugby player * 1965 - Jeremy Kyle, English television presenter * 1966 - Gundula Krause, German-American violinist * 1968 - Amy Carlson, American actress * 1968 – Jorja Fox, American actress * 1969 – Sylke Otto, German luger * 1969 - Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player * 1970 - Robia LaMorte, American actress * 1970 - Zoe Tyler, English voice coach, singer and performer * 1970 – Erik Zabel, German cyclist * 1972 – Lisa Leslie, American basketball player * 1972 - Kirsten Vangsness, American actress * 1973 - Kailash Kher, Indian singer * 1973 - Troy Garity, American actor * 1973 - Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011) * 1973 - Natsuki Takaya, Japanese illustrator * 1974 - Jennifer Jones, Canadian curler * 1975 – Nina Hoss, German actress * 1975 - Richard Arkless, Scottish politician === From 1976 === * 1976 - Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor * 1976 - Erciment Olgundeniz, Turkish athlete * 1976 - Hamish Linklater, American actor * 1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater * 1981 - Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer * 1981 - Synyster Gates, American guitarist (Avenged Sevenfold) * 1982 - George Owu, Ghanaian footballer * 1983 - Justin Davies, Australian footballer * 1983 - Jakob Poulsen, Danish footballer * 1984 – Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer * 1985 - Brandon Rush, American basketball player * 1986 - Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer * 1987 - Julianna Guill, American actress * 1988 - Iban Rubin, American drummer * 1988 - Kaci Brown, American singer * 1988 - Jack Whitehall, English comedian and actor * 1989 - Kim Bum, South Korean actor and singer * 1991 - Alesso, Swedish DJ and producer * 1992 - Toni Garrn, German model * 1994 - Ashton Irwin, Australian singer, 5 Seconds of Summer. * 1997 - Erina Ikuta, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) * 1998 - Dylan Sprayberry, American actor * 2000 - Princess Purnika of Nepal == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1162 – Haakon II of Norway (b. 1147) * 1304 – Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240) * 1307 – King Edward I of England (b. 1239) * 1537 – Madeleine of Valois, French-born Queen Consort of James V of Scotland (b. 1520) * 1647 - Thomas Hooker, English Puritan settler in Connecticut (b. 1586) * 1718 - Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1690) * 1790 - Francois Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721) * 1819 – Sophie Blanchard, French balloonist (b. 1778) * 1865 - Conspirators in the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: **George Atzerodt (b. 1853) **David Herold (b. 1842) **Lewis Payne (b. 1844) **Mary Surratt (b. 1823) * 1889 - Giovanni Bottesini, Italian composer, conductor and double-bass virtuoso (b. 1821) * 1890 – Henri Nestlé, German confectioner and businessman (b. 1814) === 1901 2000 === * 1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss writer (b. 1827) * 1922 - Cathal Brugha, Irish soldier and politician (b. 1874) * 1930 – Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer (b. 1859) * 1932 - Alexander Grin, Russian author (b. 1880) * 1932 - Henry Eyster Jacobs, American theologian and educator (b. 1844) * 1939 - Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (b. 1847) * 1950 - Fats Navarro, American trumpeter and composer (b. 1923) * 1954 - Idabelle Smith Firestone, American composer and songwriter (b. 1874) * 1956 - Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (b. 1886) * 1964 - Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower (b. 1904) * 1965 – Moshe Sharett, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894) * 1967 – Vivian Leigh, British actress (b. 1913) * 1971 – Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b. 1901) * 1972 – King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909) * 1972 - Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (b. 1886) * 1973 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895) * 1973 - Veronica Lake, American actress and singer (b. 1922) * 1976 - Walter Giesler, American soccer player and referee (b. 1910) * 1976 – Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany (b. 1899) * 1978 - Francisco Mendes, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1933) * 1983 – Herman Kahn, American futurologist (b. 1922) * 1984 - Carl Bienish, American BASE jumper and cinematographer (b. 1941) * 1987 - Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch- French pianist (b. 1902) * 1990 – Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920) * 1990 - Cazuza, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1958) * 1992 - Josy Barthel, Luxembourgish athlete (b. 1927) * 1993 - Mia Zapata, American singer- songwriter (b. 1965) * 1994 - Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (b. 1924) * 1994 - Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918) * 1998 - Lenore Romney, mother of Mitt Romney (b. 1908) === From 2001 === * 2003 - Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian conductor (b. 1924) * 2003 - Vlado Kristl, Croatian painter, animator and director (b. 1923) * 2006 – Syd Barrett, British musician (b. 1946) * 2006 – Rudi Carrell, Dutch singer and entertainer (b. 1934) * 2008 - Giovanni Viola, Italian footballer (b. 1926) * 2008 - Dorian Leigh, American model (b. 1917) * 2012 - Mouss Diouf, French actor (b. 1964) * 2012 - Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (b. 1925) * 2013 - Anna Wing, English actress (b. 1914) * 2014 - Peter Underwood, 27th Governor of Tasmania (b. 1937) * 2014 - Eduard Shevardnadze, Soviet-Georgian politician, Soviet foreign minister and President of Georgia (b. 1928) * 2014 - Andrew Mango, Turkish-British journalist (b. 1926) * 2014 - Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentine-Spanish footballer (b. 1926) * 2014 - Dick Jones, American actor (b. 1927) * 2015 - Maria Barroso, Portuguese actress and politician (b. 1925) * 2015 - Fons van Wissen, Dutch footballer (b. 1933) * 2016 - Sally Beauman, British writer (b. 1944) * 2016 - James Gilbert, Scottish television producer (b. 1923) * 2016 - Leonard Lee, Canadian businessman (b. 1938) * 2016 - Cinna Lomnitz, German-born Chilean-Mexican geophysicist (b. 1925) * 2016 - John O'Rourke, English footballer (b. 1945) * 2016 - Wolfram Siebeck, German journalist and food critic (b. 1928) * 2017 - Pam McConnell, Canadian politician (b. 1946) * 2017 - Egil Monn-Iversen, Norwegian composer (b. 1928) * 2017 - Jean-Pierre Bernard, French actor (b. 1933) * 2017 - Pierrette Bloch, French-Swiss artist (b. 1928) * 2017 - James B. Nutter Sr., American mortgage lender, philanthropist and power broker (b. 1928) * 2017 - Marina Ratner, Russian- American mathematician (b. 1938) * 2017 - Kenneth Silverman, American biographer (b. 1936) * 2018 - William Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcyclist (b. 1985) * 2018 - Hacène Lalmas, Algerian footballer (b. 1943) * 2018 - Levko Lukyanenko, Ukrainian politician (b. 1928) * 2018 - Firuz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani politician and former Prime minister of Azerbaijan (b. 1933) == Observances == * National Holiday of the Solomon Islands * Tanabata Matsuri (Japan) * San Fermín festival in Pamplona, northern Spain: the bull run takes place. July 07