Title: November 15 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 655 - Oswiu of Northumbria defeats Penda of Mercia in the Battle of the Winwaed. * 1315 - Battle of Morgarten: The Swiss "Eidgenossen" defeat the Habsburgs. * 1532 - Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors led by Hernando de Soto meet Inca Emperor Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging a meeting in the city plaza the following day. * 1533 - Francisco Pizarro arrived in Cuzco, capital of the Inca Empire, before plundering the city and setting it on fire. * 1688 - William III lands at Brixham, starting the Glorious Revolution. * 1777 – After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation. * 1806 - Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike saw a distant peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. It is later named Pikes Peak. * 1825 - King John V of Portugal recognised the independence of Brazil. * 1859 - The first modern revival of the Olympics took place in Athens, Greece. * 1864 – Union General William Tecumseh Sherman burns Atlanta, Georgia and starts Sherman's March to the Sea. * 1889 – Brazil is declared a republic by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca and Emperor Pedro II is removed from power in a military coup. The pattern of stars on the night of this date is now included on the Flag of Brazil. === 1901 2000 === * 1908 - Colonialism: King Leopold II of Belgium sells the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Belgian state. * 1920 – First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva. * 1922 - Over 1,000 people are massacred during a General Strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador. * 1926 – The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations. * 1928 - The RNLI lifeboat Mary Stanford capsized in Rye Harbour with the loss of the entire 17-man crew. * 1935 – Manuel L. Quezon became President of the Philippines. * 1935 – Canada and the United States sign a trade agreement in Washington. * 1939 – In Washington, D.C., US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial. * 1940 - A wall is built around the Warsaw Ghetto. * 1941 – Holocaust: SS chief Heinrich Himmler orders the arrest and deportation to concentration camps of all homosexuals in Germany, with the exception of certain top Nazi officials. * 1942 – World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a Allied victory. * 1943 – Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps". * 1945 – Venezuela joins the UN. * 1948 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent succeeds William Lyon Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada. * 1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi. * 1953 - The sugar spreader is patented in West Germany. * 1955 - The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan is founded. It ends up governing Japan continuously until 1993. * 1960 - Basketball: An NBA record is set when Elgin Baylor of the New York Knicks scored 71 points in a single game. * 1960 - A train crash in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia (now-Czech Republic) kills 110 people. * 1966 - The Gemini 12 space probe splashed into the Atlantic Ocean, at the end of the Gemini program. * 1966 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 708 crashed near Berlin, killing all the 3 people on board. * 1969 – Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 250,000-500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war. * 1971 - Intel released the world's first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the 4004. * 1976 - Rene Levesque became Premier of Quebec. * 1978 - A chartered Douglas DC-8 airplane crashed near Colombo, Sri Lanka. * 1983 – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is founded. * 1985 – The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald. * 1987 - Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a Douglas-9-14 jetliner, crashed in a snowstorm at Stapleton International Airport, Denver, Colorado, killing 28 people, with 54 surviving. * 1987 - In Brasov, Romania, workers rebel against the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceausescu. * 1988 – An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council. * 1988 - The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched in the Netherlands. * 1990 - A new republican form of government is created in Bulgaria. * 1990 - Space Shuttle Atlantis launched with Flight STS-38. * 1990 – Producers admit that Milli Vanilli, who won the 1990 "Best New Artist" Grammy Award, did not sing on their album. * 2000 - A chartered Antonov An-24 crashed after take-off from Luanda, Angola, killing over 40 people. * 2000 - In India, the new state of Jharkhand is created, out of the southern part of the state of Bihar. === From 2001 === * 2002 – Hu Jintao became general secretary of the Communist Party of China. * 2003 – In Istanbul, two synagogues are bombed, killing 25 people. * 2005 - Boeing officially launched the stretched Boeing 747-8. * 2006 - Al Jazeera English news channel launched worldwide. * 2007 – Tropical Cyclone Sidr hits Bangladesh, killing around 5000 people. It also caused a large amount of destruction to the Sundarbans mangrove forest. * 2012 - Xi Jinping is announced as the next general secretary of the Communist Party of China, expected to lead China until 2022. * 2017 - The military took over in Zimbabwe as President Robert Mugabe is placed under house arrest. * 2017 - It is announced that a postal survey in Australia resulted in 61.6% of participating voters supporting same-sex marriage. * 2017 - The Scottish Government is allowed to introduce a minimum price for alcohol after a ruling following a long-running court case. This would make Scotland the first country in the world to introduce this policy. * 2017 - Leonardo da Vinci's painting "Salvator Mundi" sells for 450 million United States dollars at auction in New York City, smashing the previous record for a work of art in such a sale. * 2017 - Argentine submarine "ARA San Juan" was lost off the coast of southern Argentina, with 44 people on board. * 2018 - In the United Kingdom, several government ministers resign over Prime Minister Theresa May's proposed Brexit deal, including Brexit Secretary Dominic Raab and Work and Pensions Secretary Esther McVey. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 457 - B'utz Aj Sak Chiik, Mayan king (d. 501) * 968 - Romanos III Argyros, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1034) * 1316 - King John I of France (d. November 20, 1316) * 1397 – Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455) * 1498 - Eleanor of Austria (d. 1558) * 1511 - Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536) * 1559 – Archduke Albert of Austria (d. 1621) * 1607 - Madeleine de Scudéry, French author (d. 1701) * 1661 - Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in the Americas (d. 1743) * 1688 - Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician (d. 1757) * 1708 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1778) * 1738 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (d. 1822) * 1741 - Johann Kaspar Lavater, German philosopher (d. 1801) * 1746 - Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright (d. 1809) * 1778 - Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian adventurer, engineer, weightlifter and acrobat (d. 1823) * 1784 – Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (d. 1860) * 1804 - Eugenio Aguilar, Supreme Director of El Salvador (d. 1879) * 1852 - Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (d. 1892) * 1859 – Christopher Hornsrud, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1960) * 1862 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German dramatist (d. 1946) * 1867 - Emil Krebs, German polyglot (someone who speaks many languages) and sinologist (d. 1930) * 1868 - Emil Racovita, Romanian biologist, zoologist and explorer of Antarctica (d. 1947) * 1873 - Sara Josephine Baker, American physician and academic (d. 1945) * 1874 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1949) * 1874 - Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (d. 1941) * 1879 - Lewis Stone, American actor (d. 1953) * 1881 - Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (d. 1960) * 1882 - Felix Frankfurter, American jurist (d. 1965) * 1886 - René Guénon, French philosopher and author (d. 1951) * 1887 - Hitoshi Ashida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1959) * 1887 - Marianne Moore, American poet and writer (d. 1972) * 1887 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (d. 1986) * 1888 - Harald Sverdrup, Norwegian oceanographer (d. 1957) * 1889 - Manuel II, last King of Portugal (d. 1932) * 1891 - W. Averell Harriman, 48th Governor of New York (d. 1986) * 1891 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944) * 1892 - Naomi Childers, American actress (d. 1964) * 1893 - Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italian writer (d. 1973) * 1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918) * 1895 - Antoni Slominski, Polish journalist, poet and playwright (d. 1976) * 1897 – Aneurin Bevan, British politician (d. 1960) * 1899 - Avdy Andresson, Estonian statesman (d. 1990) === 1901 1950 === * 1905 - Mantovani, Italian-born composer (d. 1980) * 1906 - Curtis LeMay, US Air Force General (d. 1990) * 1907 – Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German army officer during World War II (d. 1944) * 1910 - Hugh Greene, British journalist (d. 1987) * 1912 - Yi Wu, Korean prince (d. 1945) * 1912 - Albert Baez, American physicist (d. 2007) * 1912 - Fosco Maraini, Italian photographer, anthropologist, ethnologist, writer, mountaineer and academic (d. 2004) * 1913 - Guy Green, British movie director (d. 2005) * 1914 - Giuseppe Caprio, Italian cardinal (d. 2005) * 1914 - V. R. Krishna Iyer, Indian judge (d. 2014) * 1915 - David Stirling, British founder of the SAS (d. 1990) * 1916 - Nita Barrow, 7th Governor-General of Barbados (d. 1995) * 1916 - Bill Melendez, Mexican-American animator (d. 2008) * 1919 - Joseph Wapner, American television personality (d. 2017) * 1922 - David Sidney Feingold, American biochemist * 1922 - Francesco Rosi, Italian movie director (d. 2015) * 1925 - Howard Baker, American politician (d. 2014) * 1927 - Bill Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1995) * 1927 - Gregor Mackenzie, British politician (d. 1992) * 1929 – Ed Asner, American actor (d. 2021) * 1930 – J. G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009) * 1930 - Aureliano Bolognesi, Italian boxer (d. 2018) * 1930 - Olene S. Walker, former Governor of Utah (d. 2015) * 1931 – Mwai Kibaki, former President of Kenya (d. 2022) * 1931 - Pascal Lissouba, Congolese politician * 1931 - John Kerr, American actor and lawyer (d. 2013) * 1932 – Petula Clark, English singer * 1932 - Alvin Plantinga, American philosopher * 1933 - Jack Burns, American comedian * 1933 - Françoise Héritier, French anthropologist and feminist (d. 2017) * 1934 - Joanna Barnes, American actress * 1935 - Nera White, American basketball player (d. 2016) * 1936 – Wolf Biermann, German writer * 1937 - Little Willie John, American singer (d. 1968) * 1939 - W. C. Clark, American blues musician * 1939 - Rauni- Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish physician (d. 2015) * 1940 - Roberto Cavalli, Italian fashion designer * 1940 - Hank Wangford, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer * 1940 – Sam Waterston, American actor * 1942 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentine-born conductor * 1945 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Norwegian- born Swedish singer (ABBA) * 1945 - Bob Gunton, American actor * 1945 - Roger Donaldson, Australian-New Zealand director, producer and screenwriter * 1946 - Vasilis Goumas, Greek basketball player * 1947 – Bill Richardson, American politician and former Governor of New Mexico * 1947 - Malcolm Ranjith, Sri Lankan cardinal * 1948 - David Caygill, New Zealand politician * 1950 - Graham Parker, English singer-songwriter * 1950 - Egon Vaupel, German politician, 16th Mayor of Marburg === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Beverly D'Angelo, American actress * 1951 - Billy McColl, Scottish actor (d. 2014) * 1952 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (d. 2011) * 1953 – Alexander O'Neal, American singer * 1953 - Toshio Takabayashi, Japanese footballer * 1954 - Emma Dent Coad, English politician * 1954 – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former President of Poland * 1954 - Uli Stielike, German footballer * 1956 - Michael Hampton, American guitarist (Funkadelic) * 1957 - Kevin Eubanks, American jazz guitarist * 1957 - Harold Marcuse, American historian and educator * 1958 - Gu Kailai, Chinese lawyer and businesswoman * 1958 - Lesley Laird, Scottish politician * 1960 - Susanne Lothar, German actress (d. 2012) * 1963 – Andrew Castle, English television presenter and former tennis player * 1963 - Toru Sano, Japanese footballer * 1965 – Nigel Bond, English snooker player * 1967 – Dom Joly, English comedian and journalist * 1967 – Gustavo Poyet, Uruguayan footballer * 1967 - François Ozon, French director and screenwriter * 1967 - Pandeli Majko, former Prime Minister of Albania * 1968 – Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (d. 2004) * 1968 - Jennifer Charles, American singer- songwriter * 1968 - Fausto Brizzi, Italian director and screenwriter * 1968 - Uwe Rösler, German footballer and manager * 1970 - Pedro Caixinha, Portuguese footballer and manager * 1970 - Patrick M'Boma, Cameroonian footballer * 1972 - Jessica Hynes, English actress * 1972 - Jonny Lee Miller, English actor * 1973 - Albert Portas, Spanish tennis player * 1974 – Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer (Nickelback) * 1975 - Yannick Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player === From 1976 === * 1976 - Brandon DiCamillo, American comedian, actor and stuntman * 1976 - Virginie Ledoyen, French actress * 1977 – Peter Phillips, first grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II * 1977 - Sean Murray, American actor * 1979 - Josemi, Spanish footballer * 1979 - Brett Lancaster, Australian cyclist * 1979 - Robert Kendrick, American tennis player * 1979 - Albert Rivera, Spanish politician * 1981 - Jordan Buckley, American guitarist * 1981 - Lorena Ochoa, Mexican golfer * 1982 - Kalu Uche, Nigerian footballer * 1983 - John Heitinga, Dutch footballer * 1983 - Veli-Matti Lindström, Finnish ski jumper * 1983 - Laura Smet, French actress * 1983 – Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player * 1984 – Gemma Atkinson, English actress * 1985 - Lily Aldridge, American fashion model * 1985 - Jeffree Star, American performer * 1986 - Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player * 1988 - Zena Grey, American actress * 1988 - B.o.B, American rapper and producer * 1988 - Morgan Parra, French rugby player * 1988 - Billy Twelvetrees, English rugby player * 1991 – Shailene Woodley, American actress * 1992 - Kevin Wimmer, Austrian footballer * 1992 - Minami Minegishi, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48) * 1993 - Saaya Irie, Japanese actress and singer * 1993 - Paulo Dybala, Argentine footballer * 1994 - Saffron Coomber, English actress * 1995 - Karl-Anthony Towns, Dominican- American basketball player * 1998 - Benedict Mateo, Filipino artist == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 655 - Penda, King of Mercia * 1028 – Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 960) * 1136 - Leopold III, Margrave of Austria (b. 1073) * 1210 - Ly Cap Tong, King of the Ly Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1173) * 1280 - Albertus Magnus, German theologian, bishop and philosopher * 1544 - King Jungjong of Joseon of Korea (b. 1506) * 1594 - Martin Frobisher, English explorer (b. 1539) * 1630 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1571) * 1670 - John Amos Comenius, Czech writer (b. 1592) * 1706 - Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683) * 1712 - James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish general and politician (b. 1658) * 1712 - Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675) * 1787 - Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (b. 1714) * 1794 - John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723) * 1819 - Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (b. 1749) * 1832 - Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist (b. 1767) * 1839 - William Murdoch, Scottish engineer and inventor (b. 1754) * 1853 – Maria II of Portugal (b. 1819) === 1901 2000 === * 1908 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China (b. 1835) * 1910 - Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831) * 1914 - Harry Turner, American baseball player * 1916 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish writer (b. 1846) * 1917 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858) * 1919 – Alfred Werner, German chemist (b. 1866) * 1919 - Mohammad Farid, Egyptian politician (b. 1868) * 1922 - Dimitrios Gounaris, Greek politician (b. 1866) * 1922 - Georgios Hatzianestis, Greek general (b. 1863) * 1922 - Petros Protopapadakis, Greek politician (b. 1854) * 1922 - Nikolaos Stratos, Greek politician (b. 1872) * 1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte, conspirators against Mahatma Gandhi * 1954 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (b. 1879) * 1958 – Tyrone Power, American actor (b. 1914) * 1959 - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist (b. 1869) * 1961 - Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883) * 1963 - Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (b. 1888) * 1967 - Michael J. Adams, American test pilot (b. 1930) * 1976 - Jean Gabin, French actor (b. 1904) * 1978 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901) * 1980 - Emilio Pujol, Catalan guitarist and composer (b. 1886) * 1982 - Vinoba Bhave, Indian Human rights advocate (b. 1895) * 1983 – John Le Mesurier, English actor (b. 1912) * 1988 - Archbishop Ieronymos I of Athens, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (b. 1905) * 1996 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (b. 1904) * 1998 - Stokely Carmichael, American Civil rights activist (b. 1941) * 2000 - Piero Pasinati, Italian footballer (b. 1910) === From 2001 === * 2002 – Myra Hindley, English murderer (b. 1942) * 2003 - Dorothy Loudon, American actress (b. 1933) * 2003 - Speedy West, American musician (b. 1924) * 2004 - Elmer L. Anderson, American politician (b. 1909) * 2006 – Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian fashion model (b. 1985) * 2007 - Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player (b. 1928) * 2009 – Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1914) * 2009 – Pierre Harmel, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1911) * 2010 – Larry Evans, American chess player (b. 1932) * 2011 – Oba Chandler, American murderer (b. 1946) * 2011 - Dulcie Gray, British actress (b. 1915) * 2013 - Glafcos Clerides, 4th President of Cyprus (b. 1919) * 2013 - Raimondo D'Inzeo, Italian equestrian show jumper (b. 1925) * 2014 - Lucien Clergue, French photographer (b. 1934) * 2014 - Reg Withers, Australian politician (b. 1924) * 2014 - Valéry Mézague, Cameroonian footballer (b. 1983) * 2015 - Moira Orfei, Italian actress (b. 1931) * 2015 - Vincent Margera, American television personality (b. 1956) * 2015 - Saeed Jaffrey, Indian actor (b. 1929) * 2015 - Herbert Scarf, American mathematician (b. 1930) * 2015 - Dora Doll, French actress (b. 1922) * 2015 - Nicoletta Machiavelli, Italian actress (b. 1944) * 2016 - Mose Allison, American jazz musician (b. 1927) * 2016 - Sixto Durán Ballén, 37th President of Ecuador (b. 1921) * 2017 - Luis Bacalov, Argentine-Italian film score composer (b. 1933) * 2017 - Keith Barron, English actor (b. 1934) * 2017 - Françoise Héritier, French anthropologist and feminist (b. 1933) * 2017 - Frans Krajcberg, Polish- Brazilian artist (b. 1921) * 2017 - Lil Peep, American singer and rapper (b. 1996) * 2018 - John Bluthal, Polish-born British-Australian actor (b. 1929) * 2018 - Roy Clark, American country music singer and television host (b. 1933) * 2018 - Adolf Grünbaum, German-American science professor (b. 1923) * 2018 - Zhores Medvedev, Russian agronomist, biologist and dissident (b. 1925) * 2018 - Mike Noble, British comic artist and cartoonist (b. 1930) * 2018 - Luigi Rossi di Montelera, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1946) * 2018 - Aldyr Schlee, Brazilian writer, journalist, translator, illustrator and professor (b. 1934) * 2018 - Sigmund Steinnes, Norwegian politician (b. 1959) * 2019 - Mark Cady, American judge (b. 1953) * 2019 - Jim Coates, American baseball player (b. 1932) * 2019 - Harrison Dillard, American athlete (b. 1923) * 2019 - Vladimir Hotineanu, Moldovan politician (b. 1950) * 2019 - Irv Noren, American baseball player (b. 1924) * 2019 - Juliusz Paetz, Polish archbishop (b. 1935) == Holidays and observances == * Brazil – Republic Proclamation Day (1889) * Palestine – Independence Day (declared 1988) * Japan – Shichi-Go-San – traditional rite of passage and festival day for three and seven-year-old girls and three and five-year-old boys * Belgium ** Day of the German-speaking Community ** King's Feast * Eastern Orthodox Christianity - beginning of Winter Lent Category:Days of the year