Title: Sugar Content: SugarIPA: , is the common name for several chemical substances, some of which taste sweet. Mostly, it refers to sucrose, lactose, or fructose. Sugar is in certain kinds of food, or it is added to make it sweeter. Regular or pure sugar, or sucrose, is extracted from sugarcane or sugar beet. Brazil produces the most sugar per person and India's total consumption of sugar is the highest for a country.International sugar statistics http://www.illovosugar.com/World_of_sugar/Sugar_Statistics/International.aspx Fructose is the sugar that is in fruits. Sucrose and fructose are both made by two smaller sugars. Glucose is the more common of these smaller sugars. The human body changes regular sugar into the smaller sugars. thumb|Sugar cane field in Cuba Sugars are a kind of carbohydrate. That is, sugars are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.You can think of this as "carbon + water". Carbohydrates can be simple carbohydrates or complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are made of only one or a few of the smallest sugars. Complex carbohydrates are made of many of the smallest sugars. Sugar can be different colors. For example, brown sugar has molasses in it, and is often used in baking. There are 387 calories in 100 g of sugar. == Production == === Sugarcane ===  In 2020, global production of sugar beets was 253 million tonnes, led by Russia with 13% of the world total (table). Sugar beet is harvested during cool seasons,It is fall and winter as harvesting seasons. and then a rotor beater cuts off the head of the beet, which then is then left in the field. A beet loader pulls the beets out of the earth and into a truck, where the beet is driven to a processing plant. The processor slices the beets into thin chips called cossettes. The extraction takes place in a diffuser where the beet is kept in contact with hot water for about an hour.Diffusion is the process by which the color and flavor of tea comes out of the tea leaves in a teapot but most diffusers weighs several hundred tons when full of beet and extraction water. The diffuser is a large agitated tank in which the cossettes slowly move from one end to the other as the water is moved in the opposite direction. This is called counter-current flow and as the water goes it becomes a stronger and stronger sugar juice. == History == In around 8,000 BC, people in New Guinea and Polynesia had sugar cane where it had then came to Asia. With interest of the people who had discovered it, sugar cane and it’s practices of planting sugar cane had gone to Southwest Asia, including China and India. In 510 BC the Persia (Iran), Emperor Darius invaded India where he found cane sugar which was named "the reed which gives honey without bees". The growing was kept unknown and showing the sugar for a rich profit. The Arab invasion of Persia in 642 BC, sugar cane refining techniques had been added by Eastern Mediterranean people. Records from the Ancient Greeks and Romans would suggest that sugar cane was used in medicine. In around 350 CE, Indian people discovered how to crystallize sugar.This is turning the sugar into a crystal- like atomic form. Around 650 CE, crystallized sugar became a culinary staple across India, China, and the Middle East. == Related pages == * monosaccharide * glucose * fructose * disaccharides * sucrose * lactose * starch * glycogen * cellulose