Title: Cayenne Content: Cayenne is a commune, the capital (prefecture) of the French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France that is in northern South America. The city is on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne river on the Atlantic coast. == History == The first European settlement in the region was founded on the Cayenne island in 1604 by French people sent by Henry IV but the settlement was destroyed by Portuguese to enforce the Treaty of Tordesillas French colonists came back in 1643 and founded Cayenne, but they were forced to leave once more following Amerindian attacks. In 1664, France finally succeeded at establishing a permanent settlement at Cayenne. Over the next decade the colony changed hands between the French, Dutch, and English, before being restored to France. It was captured by an Anglo-Portuguese force at the invasion of Cayenne in 1809 and administered from Brazil until 1814, when it was returned to French control. It was used as a French penal colony from 1854 to 1938. == Geography == Cayenne is a city along the Atlantic coast on the sides of a common estuary of the Cayenne and Montsinéry rivers. It has an area of ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The commune is at from Saint- Laurent-du-Maroni and from Kourou. The distances to other cities out of French Guiana are: * Paris, the national capital, la capitale nationale, . * Fort-de- France, capital of Martinique, . * Paramaribo, capital of Surinam, to the northwest. * Macapá, capital of Amapá (Brazil), . The city is surrounded by: === Climate === Cayenne has an equatorial climate (Köppen climate classification: Af) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am) with a dry season and a heavy monsoon the rest of year and no cold season. The average temperature for the year in Cayenne is . The warmest month, on average, is September with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . The average amount of precipitation for the year in Cayenne is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is September with an average of . There is an average of 201.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in May with 27.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in September with 5.0 days. ==Demographics== The inhabitants of Cayenne are known, in French, as Cayennais (women: Cayennaises). The city of Cayenne has a population, in 2014, of 55,817; its population density is of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Cayenne Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:500 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:60000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1967 text:1967 bar:1974 text:1974 bar:1982 text:1982 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2014 text:2014 PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:1967 from:0 till: 24518 bar:1974 from:0 till: 30461 bar:1982 from:0 till: 38091 bar:1990 from:0 till: 41067 bar:1999 from:0 till: 50594 bar:2006 from:0 till: 58004 bar:2014 from:0 till: 55817 PlotData= bar:1967 at: 24518 fontsize:S text: 24,518 shift:(-12,5) bar:1974 at: 30461 fontsize:S text: 30,461 shift:(-18,5) bar:1982 at: 38091 fontsize:S text: 38,091 shift:(-18,5) bar:1990 at: 41067 fontsize:S text: 41,067 shift:(-18,5) bar:1999 at: 50594 fontsize:S text: 50,594 shift:(-18,5) bar:2006 at: 58004 fontsize:S text: 58,004 shift:(-18,5) bar:2014 at: 55817 fontsize:S text: 55,817 shift:(-18,5) == Sister cities == Cayenne is twinned with: * Salvador, Bahia (Brazil) == Sites of interest == * Place des Palmistes (Palms square) * Botanical Garden * Saint-Sauveur de Cayenne cathedral File:Cayenne place des palmistes 2013.jpg|Place des Palmistes File:Jardinbotanique.JPG|Botanical Garden File:Cathédralestsauveur.jpg|Cayenne cathedral == Gallery == File:Mairiecayenne.jpg|Town hall of Cayenne. File:Cayennecentreceperou.JPG|Cayenne downtown view from Ceperou hill. File:Placeducoq.JPG|Place du Coq. File:Marchecayenne.JPG|Cayenne market. == Related pages == * Arrondissement of Cayenne