Title: June 30 Content: It is the last day of the first half of the year. == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 350 Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantian dynasty, is defeated and killed by the usurper Magnentius. * 763 A Byzantine army under Emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus. * 1422 Battle of Arbedo between the Duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons. * 1521 Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noain during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre. * 1559 Henry II of France is wounded in a jousting contest against Gabriel de Montgomery. * 1651 Battle of Beresteczko: Victory for Poland-Lithuania. * 1758 Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place. * 1805 The United States Congress organises the Michigan Territory. * 1859 French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope. * 1860 The Oxford Evolution debate takes place at the Oxford Museum of Natural History. * 1861 A group of 3000 European gold miners attack Chinese miners at Lambing Flat, New South Wales. * 1864 Abraham Lincoln grants the Yosemite Valley to California for 'public use, resort and recreation'. * 1882 Charles J. Guiteau is executed for the assassination of US President James A. Garfield. * 1886 The first transcontinental train trip across Canada leaves Montreal. It arrives at Fort Moody, British Columbia on July 4. * 1894 London Tower Bridge is opened to traffic. * 1900 A harbour fire in Hoboken, New Jersey spreads to five German liners, killing 326 people. === 1901 2000 === * 1905 Albert Einstein publishes the article 'On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies' in which he introduces Special Relativity. * 1908 The Tunguska Incident occurs, as a large area of forest in Siberia is destroyed. The circumstances have not yet been fully explained, but it is widely believed to have been the explosion of a meteor. * 1912 A deadly tornado hits Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, killing 28 people. * 1917 World War I: Greece declares war on the Central Powers. * 1934 The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's purge of political rivals, begins. * 1936 Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid from the League of Nations after being invaded by Italy. * 1940 World War II: Nazi Germany invades Guernsey in the Channel Islands, English Channel. * 1944 World War II: The city of Cherbourg in Normandy falls to American forces. * 1954 A total Solar eclipse is seen over parts of North America, Europe and Asia. * 1956 A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people in both airliners. * 1960 The present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo becomes independent. * 1969 Nigeria bans Red Cross aid from Biafra. * 1971 The crew of Soyuz 11 are suffocated when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve. * 1971 Ohio reduces the voting age to 18. * 1972 The first Leap second is added to the UTC time. * 1975 Muhammad Ali successfully defends his Heavyweight Boxing World title, against Joe Bugner. * 1985 Palau's President Haruo Remeliik is murdered. * 1985 39 American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut, Lebanon, after 17 days. * 1987 The Canadian 1 Dollar coin, the 'Loonie', is introduced. * 1990 East Germany and West Germany merge their economies. * 1991 32 miners are killed when a coal mine catches fire in the Donbass region of Ukraine and releases toxic gas. * 1996 Germany wins the UEFA Euro 1996 Championship against the Czech Republic, with Oliver Bierhoff scoring the first-ever 'Golden Goal'. * 1998 Joseph Estrada becomes President of the Philippines. * 2000 The Indonesian ferry Chaya Bahara sinks off the island of Sulawesi, killing over 500 people. === From 2001 === * 2002 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea: Brazil wins the FIFA World Cup for a fifth time, over Germany, with two goals from Ronaldo. * 2005 Spain legalises Same-sex marriage. * 2007 Islamist extremists drive a jeep packed with explosives into the main building at Glasgow Airport in Scotland. * 2009 A Yemenia Airlines plane crashes into the Indian Ocean near the Comoros. Only one of the 153 people on board survives. * 2010 Benigno Aquino III becomes President of the Philippines. * 2010 Christian Wulff is chosen to succeed Horst Koehler as President of Germany. * 2012 Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood is sworn in as President of Egypt. * 2013 The Brazil national football team wins the FIFA Confederations Cup against the Spain national football team. * 2013 A whole entire fire crew in Arizona is killed while battling wild fires. * 2015 A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in Medan, Indonesia, killing a total of 116 people. * 2016 Rodrigo Duterte becomes President of the Philippines. * 2017 Germany's Bundestag votes in favour of same-sex marriage by 393 votes to 226. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1470 King Charles VIII of France (d. 1498) * 1503 John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554) * 1588 Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian organist, composer and educator (d. 1649) * 1628 Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (d. 1696) * 1685 John Gay, English writer (d. 1732) * 1685 Dominikus Zimmermann, master builder (d. 1766) * 1748 Dominique, comte de Cassini, French cartographer and astronomer (d. 1845) * 1755 Paul de Barras, French politician (d. 1829) * 1768 Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (d. 1830) * 1789 Horace Vernet, painter and graphic artist (d. 1863) * 1807 Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d. 1887) * 1815 Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888) * 1817 Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911) * 1818 Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888) * 1819 William A. Wheeler, 19th Vice President of the United States (d. 1887) * 1824 Antonio Gonzalez de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1908) * 1827 Jacques-Louis Soret, Swiss chemist and physicist (d. 1890) * 1833 Manuel Amador Guerrero, 1st President of Panama (d. 1909) * 1843 Ernest Mason Satow, writer (d. 1929) * 1864 Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1945) * 1883 Johan Olin, Finnish wrestler (d. 1928) * 1884 Georges Duhamel, French writer (d. 1966) * 1888 Rudolf Amelunxen, German politician (d. 1969) * 1890 Paul Boffa, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962) * 1891 Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953) * 1891 Ed Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966) * 1892 Bo Carter, American blues musician (d. 1962) * 1892 Oswald Pohl, Nazi politician (d. 1951) * 1893 Walter Ulbricht, East German politician (d. 1973) * 1899 Harry Shields, American jazz musician (d. 1971) * 1899 Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 Robert E. Hannegan, American politician, 52nd United States Postmaster General (d. 1949) * 1906 Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981) * 1906 Anthony Mann, American movie actor and director (d. 1967) * 1906 Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955) * 1907 Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950) * 1908 Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003) * 1909 Juan Bosch, Dominican Republic politician (d. 2001) * 1911 Czesław Miłosz, Polish poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2004) * 1912 Leopoldo Zea Aguilar, Mexican philosopher (d. 2002) * 1912 Avigdor Dagan, Czech-Israeli writer, playwright, translator and diplomat (d. 2006) * 1913 Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007) * 1914 Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese politician (d. 2001) * 1914 Allan Houser, Native American artist (d. 1994) * 1917 Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975) * 1917 Lena Horne, American actress and singer (d. 2010) * 1919 Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007) * 1921 Oswaldo Lopez Arellano, President of Honduras (d. 2010) * 1926 Peter Alexander, Austrian singer and actor (d. 2011) * 1926 Paul Berg, American biochemist * 1933 Lea Massari, Italian actress * 1933 Derek Bentley, British victim of a miscarriage of Justice (d. 1953) * 1934 Harry Blackstone, Jr., American magician (d. 1997) * 1936 Assia Djebar, Algerian writer, director and historian (d. 2015) * 1937 Gainan Saidkhuzhin, Russian cyclist (d. 2015) * 1937 Gideon Ezra, Israeli politician (d. 2012) * 1938 Apostolis Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999) * 1938 Billy Mills, American runner * 1939 John Fortune, British scriptwriter and actor (d. 2013) * 1939 José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican writer (d. 2014) * 1941 Otto Sander, German actor (d. 2013) * 1942 Robert Ballard, American underwater archaeologist * 1943 Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976) * 1944 Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist * 1944 Terry Funk, American wrestler and actor * 1945 Sean Scully, Irish-American painter === 1951 1975 === * 1953 Hal Lindes, American-born British guitarist (Dire Straits) * 1954 Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia * 1954 Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004) * 1954 Wayne Swan, Australian politician * 1956 David Lidington, English politician * 1958 Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer * 1959 Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor * 1959 Brendan Perry, English musician (Dead Can Dance) * 1960 James Kwesi Appiah, Ghanaian footballer and coach * 1960 Jack McConnell, Scottish politician, 3rd First Minister of Scotland * 1960 Murray Cook, Australian musician (The Wiggles) * 1962 Tony Fernandez, American baseball player * 1963 Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian athlete * 1963 Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist * 1964 Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, Hong Kong-born former member of the Danish royal family * 1965 Gary Pallister, English footballer * 1965 Mitch Raymond, American basketball player * 1966 Cheryl Bernard, Canadian curler * 1966 Mike Tyson, American world champion boxer * 1967 Nitin Ganatra, British actor * 1967 Silke Renk, German athlete * 1968 Philip Anselmo, American musician * 1970 Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer * 1971 Monica Potter, American actress * 1972 James Martin, English chef * 1973 Frank Rost, German footballer * 1973 Chan Ho Park, Korean baseball pitcher * 1974 Juli Zeh, German writer * 1975 Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer * 1975 Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver === From 1976 === * 1977 Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer * 1980 Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer * 1981 Barbara Spotakova, Czech athlete * 1982 Lizzy Caplan, American actress * 1982 Willam Belli, American actor, drag queen and television personality * 1982 Andy Knowles, British musician (Franz Ferdinand) * 1983 Cheryl Cole, British singer, formerly of Girls Aloud * 1983 Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist * 1983 Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer * 1983 Katherine Ryan, Canadian comedienne * 1984 Dimitry Ipatov, Russian ski jumper * 1984 Fantasia Barrino, American singer * 1985 Michael Phelps, American swimmer * 1985 Cody Rhodes, American professional wrestler * 1985 Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer * 1985 Charley Uchea, American Reality show personality * 1986 Allegra Versace, Italian heiress * 1986 Fredy Guarin, Colombian footballer * 1988 Jack Douglass, American comedian and actor * 1989 Miguel Vitor, Portuguese footballer * 1989 Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner * 1991 Kaho, Japanese actress * 1994 Rhys Jones, Welsh athlete == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 350 Nepotianus, Roman usurper * 1224 Adolf of Osnabrück, German monk and bishop (b. 1185) * 1520 Moctezuma II (Montezuma), Aztec ruler (b. around 1465) * 1538 Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467) * 1649 Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1599) * 1670 Henrietta of England, daughter of Charles I (b. 1644) * 1708 Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706) * 1709 Edward Lhuyd, Welsh botanist, linguist and geographer (b. 1660) * 1785 James Oglethorpe, English general (b. 1696) * 1861 Robert O'Hara Burke, Irish explorer of Australia (b. 1820) * 1882 Charles J. Guiteau, assassin of US President James A. Garfield (b. 1841) * 1882 Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827) * 1898 Siegfried Marcus, English technician and inventor (b. 1831) * 1899 E. D. E. N. Southworth, American author (b. 1819) === 1901 2000 === * 1919 John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist (b. 1842) * 1932 Bruno Kastner, German actor (b. 1890) * 1934 Night of the Long Knives: **Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882) **Gregor Strasser, Nazi politician (b. 1892) **Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862) **Karl Ernst, Sturmabteilung leader (b. 1904) **Erich Klausener, German politician (b. 1885) * 1949 Edouard Alphonse James de Rothschild, French financier and polo player (b. 1868) * 1953 Charles William Miller, British-Brazilian sportsman, considered as the 'father of Brazilian football' (b. 1874) * 1954 Andrass Samuelsen, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1873) * 1959 José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882) * 1961 Lee De Forest, American inventor (b. 1873) * 1965 Margarete Sommer, German social worker (b. 1893) * 1966 Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (b. 1906) * 1971 Crew of Soyuz 11: **Viktor Patsayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1933) **Georgi Dobrovolsky, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928) **Vladislav Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1935) * 1971 Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943) * 1971 Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938) * 1973 Nancy Mitford, British writer and biographer (b. 1904) * 1974 Alberta Williams King, mother of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1905) * 1974 Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890) * 1984 Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905) * 1985 Haruo Remeliik, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933) * 1993 George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928) * 1993 Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor (b. 1962) * 1995 Georgy Beregovoy, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921) * 1995 Phyllis Hyman, American singer and songwriter (b. 1949) * 1996 Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer (b. 1932) === From 2001 === * 2001 Chet Atkins, American musician and producer (b. 1924) * 2003 Buddy Hackett, American comedian (b. 1924) * 2007 Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician, 4th Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943) * 2009 Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940) * 2011 Georg Sterzinsky, German cardinal (b. 1936) * 2012 Yitzhak Shamir, former Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1915) * 2013 Keith Seaman, Australian politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (b. 1920) * 2014 Frank Cashen, American baseball executive (b. 1925) * 2014 Alvaro Corcuera, Mexican priest (b. 1957) * 2014 Christian Fuehrer, German pastor and activist (b. 1943) * 2014 Alejandra Da Passano, Argentine actress (b. 1947) * 2014 Zeljko Sturanovic, former Prime Minister of Montenegro (b. 1960) * 2014 Pierre Bec, French Occitan language poet (b. 1921) * 2014 Paul Mazursky, American director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1930) * 2014 Frank M. Robinson, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1926) * 2014 Bob Hastings, American actor (b. 1925) * 2015 Eddy Louiss, French jazz musician (b. 1941) * 2015 Leonard Starr, American cartoonist (b. 1925) * 2016 Martin Lundström, Swedish cross-country skier (b. 1918) * 2016 Geoffrey Hill, English poet (b. 1932) * 2016 Don Friedman, American jazz pianist (b. 1935) * 2016 Juan Habichuela, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1933) * 2016 Gordon Murray, English puppeteer and television producer (b. 1921) * 2017 Simone Veil, French politician (b. 1927) * 2017 Barry Norman, English film critic (b. 1933) * 2017 Karunamaya Goswami, Bangladeshi musicologist (b. 1942) * 2017 Darrall Imhoff, American basketball player (b. 1938) == Observances == * Independence Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo) * Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day * Army Day (Guatemala) * Revolution Day (Sudan) * Navy Day (Israel) Category:Days of the year