Title: Traditional animation Content: thumb|How Animated Cartoons Are Made (1919) Traditional animation is much harder than today's style of animation.How Hard Is It? Anime and Animation. It often uses a stop-motion camera to "liven", or animate, the photos made by the producer.Producing with Stop-motion. Animation Studio, 2010. When movie-makers use stop-motion, they need to draw one picture for every scene. However, there are tools to help save time with movie-making. Other types of animation, such as limited or digital animation, can also be used now. FPS is the number of times a movie is shot in one second. ==Process== ===Filming=== The photographer first shoots out or edits many photos. These photos are combined to make the storyline.From A to Z: Producing cartoons and movies in Stop- motion. 2009. And as with all movies, not all scenes make it into the final movie.Winding Up on the "Cutting Floor": Scenes that don't make it. CG Crucher, 2004. ===Editing=== Many peopleThe Crew of a Movie Maker. 2008, Anime and Animation Press. help out in the editing of a movie. But in old times, people had to draw the scenes on their own.How Movies Were Made. Retrieved 10-04-09. Then the stop-motion camera took a photo of a scene once a second.Stop-motion filming: Animation Studio, 2008. Accessed 07-07-07.Movie Crew in toil of Stop-motion filming. Accessed 4-18-10. ==Involvement== Most movies or cartoons in the 1950's required very hard work of the editors.Toil in the 50's. Anime and Animation, 2007. To make things cheaper, though, people made limited animationPeoples' idea comes to LA. 2008, CG Press. that used two to three copies of the same imageCopying Stop-motion: CG Press. Accessed May 2008. (so the stop-motion process would be two to three times faster.Stop- motion speeding-up? Anime Studio, 2009.) ==Current== Right now movie-makers use digital animationAnimation in the present: CG Press and Animation Studio. Accessed April 5, 2003. to "liven the movie even more".Documents from current directors. Anime and Animation, May 2005. Movies from the 2000 to 2010 years are usually 1–2 hours long.Toil coming to a Movie: A to Z Movie-Making Appearance. CG Press and Anime and Animation, June 2006. ==Common units== ===FPS=== FPS, or frames per second, is the number of scenes being shot in one second.FPS Facts, CG Press. Retrieved July 20, 2008. The higher this is, the more "smooth"Does FPS Affect Movies? 10-12-10. the film looks.Toil Turning Into Smooth Film.Frames per second: "Makes your film go faster." CG Times, June 2009. Most movies have an FPS of 24 to 60.FPS Press: "The FPS --- is between 24-60." ==Tools== ===Cels=== Cels, or celluloids, are tools used to "preserve" scenes.What are Celluloids? CG Press, 2007. An editor uses a cell to draw a scene then make changes to it on the next drawing.Cel Usage. It is useful when a cartoon or movie involves moving figures or objects. ===Sketcher=== Sometimes a sketch pad is used to draft the scenes the editors think would be good in the movie. A sketchpad at first may contain a comic book that looks like an animation when the editors flip it back and forth.Sketch: "Draft for an Animation." CG Cruchter, 2005. ===Live video shower=== Often editors preview the animation with a video shower. On the stream of scenes, movie-makers test their animation and fix bugs or problems.Live video showing: "A test for broadcast." CG Press, 2006. ==Related pages== * Animation * Anime