Title: February 13 Content: ==Events== === Up to 1900 === * 1322 - The central tower of Ely Cathedral in Cambridgeshire, England, falls. * 1462 - The Treaty of Westminster is finalized between Edward IV of England and the Scottish Lord of the Isles. * 1503 - Disfida di Barletta: A tournament between 13 Italian and 13 French knights takes place near Barletta. * 1542 – Catherine Howard, fifth wife of King Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery. * 1575 - Henry III of France is crowned King. * 1633 – Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the inquisition. * 1660 - Charles XI of Sweden becomes King at the age of 4 years, meaning that a regent rules Sweden until 1672. * 1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent country. * 1689 - William III and Mary II are crowned King and Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland. * 1692 – At least thirty members of the MacDonald Clan are massacred in Glencoe, Scotland. * 1739 - Battle of Karnal: The army of Persian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of Mughal Emperor of India, Muhammad Shah. * 1857 - British passenger steamer Tempest disappears in the North Atlantic Ocean after leaving New York City, with 150 people on board. * 1858 - Searching for the source of the Nile, Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke become the first Europeans to reach Lake Tanganyika. * 1861 - Francis II of the Two Sicilies surrenders at Gaeta to the army of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy. * 1880 - Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect. * 1881 - The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert. === 1901 2000 === * 1918 - A magnitude 7.3 earthquake strikes Guangdong province, China. * 1931 – New Delhi becomes the capital city of India. * 1934 - Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean. * 1935 - Bruno Hauptmann is found guilty of kidnapping and murdering the infant son of Charles Lindbergh. * 1944 - Norwegian passenger ship Irma is torpedoed near Kristiansund, killing 61 people. It is revealed after the Second World War that it was a torpedo from the Norwegian Navy that hit the ship. * 1945 – The Royal Air Force bombs the German city of Dresden in World War II. * 1945 - World War II: The Siege of Budapest ends with the unconditional surrender of the German and Hungarian armies to the Red Army. * 1951 - Korean War: The Battle of Chipyong-ni begins. * 1955 – Israel gains four of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls. * 1960 - France becomes the fourth country to own nuclear weapons. * 1961 - A 500,000-year-old rock is discovered near Olancha, California. * 1971 - South Vietnamese troops invade Laos, with American support. * 1978 - A bomb explodes outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing 2 refuse collectors and a police officer. * 1980 - The 1980 Winter Olympics begin in Lake Placid, New York. The games became best known for the Miracle on Ice hockey game on February 22. * 1981 - A series of sewer explosions destroys more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky. * 1982 - The Rio Negro massacre occurs in Guatemala. * 1983 - A cinema fire in Turin, Italy, kills 64 people. * 1984 – Konstantin Chernenko becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. * 1988 – The Winter Olympic Games open in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Like in 1976, Canada hosts the Olympics without winning a gold medal (They do, however, win a record 14 gold medals when they host the games in Vancouver in 2010). * 1990 - Agreement is reached on a two-stage plan to re-unite Germany. * 1991 – US bombers hit Baghdad in the Gulf War. * 1996 - English pop music group Take That announces that it is splitting. The band re-forms in 2005. * 2000 – The last Peanuts comic strip is printed in newspapers, a day after the death of Charles Schulz. === From 2001 === * 2001 – A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits El Salvador, killing at least 400 people. * 2004 - The Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announces the discovery of the Universe's largest-known diamond, white dwarf. * 2007 - Taiwan's Opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as Chairman of the Kuomintang Party. * 2008 – Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to Indigenous Australians and the Stolen Generations. * 2010 - A bomb attack in Pune, Maharashtra, India, kills 17 people. * 2011 – After the removal of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, the army suspends the constitution, and announces that it will remain in power until elections later in the year. * 2012 - The European Space Agency's Vega rocket is launched from French Guiana. * 2014 - Prime Minister of Italy Enrico Letta announces his intention to resign, less than ten months into the job, after instabilities in his coalition government. * 2014 - Belgium's parliament votes to extend its euthanasia law to terminally-ill children, becoming the first country to allow euthanasia for people of all ages. * 2017 - Kim Jong-nam (older half-brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un) is murdered at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia. ==Births== === Up to 1900 === * 1457 - Mary of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1482) * 1480 - Girolamo Aleandro, Italian cardinal (d. 1542) * 1539 - Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine (d. 1582) * 1599 - Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667) * 1683 – Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, Italian painter (d. 1754) * 1721 - John Reid, Scottish general (d. 1807) * 1728 - John Hunter, Scottish anatomist (d. 1793) * 1734 - Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec, French explorer and naval officer (d. 1797) * 1766 - Thomas Balthus, English economist (d. 1834) * 1768 - Edouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Marshal of France (d. 1835) * 1769 - Ivan Krylov, Russian writer (d. 1844) * 1805 – Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859) * 1831 - John Aaron Rawlins, 29th United States Secretary of War (d. 1869) * 1834 - Heinrich Caro, German chemist (d. 1910) * 1835 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Islamic religious leader (d. 1908) * 1837 - Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914) * 1849 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician, father of Winston Churchill (d. 1895) * 1849 - Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, German impostor, Captain of Köpenick (d. 1922) * 1855 – Paul Deschanel, President of France (d. 1922) * 1866 - Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (d. 1938) * 1867 - Harold Mahony, Scottish-Irish tennis player (d. 1903) * 1870 - Leopold Godowsky, Polish- American pianist and composer (d. 1938) * 1873 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (d. 1938) * 1876 - Fritz Buelow, German-American baseball player (d. 1933) * 1879 - Sarojini Naidu, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1949) * 1880 - Dimitrie Gusti, Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian and philosopher (d. 1955) * 1883 - Hal Chase, American baseball player (d. 1947) * 1884 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete, inventor and businessman (d. 1961) * 1885 - George Fitzmaurice, American-French director (d. 1940) * 1885 – Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (d. 1982) * 1888 – Georgios Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1968) * 1891 – Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942) * 1892 - Robert H. Jackson, 57th United States Attorney General (d. 1954) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 - Paul Lazarsfeld, Austrian- American sociologist (d. 1976) * 1901 - Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Scottish writer (d. 1935) * 1902 - Harold Lasswell, American political scientist (d. 1978) * 1903 - Georgy Beriev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1979) * 1903 – Georges Simenon, Belgian writer (d. 1989) * 1906 - Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1994) * 1909 - Mario Casariego y Acevedo, Guatemalan cardinal (d. 1983) * 1910 – William Shockley, British-American physicist (d. 1989) * 1911 - Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistani Urdu poet (d. 1984) * 1911 - Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996) * 1913 - Khalid bin Abdul-Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia (d. 1982) * 1915 – Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (d. 1947) * 1915 - lyle Bettger, American actor (d. 2003) * 1916 – John Reed, British singer of Gilbert and Sullivan (d. 2010) * 1918 - Patty Berg, American golfer (d. 2006) * 1919 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991) * 1919 - Eddie Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007) * 1921 - Jeanne Demessieux, French organist, pianist and composer (d. 1968) * 1922 - Francis Pym, British politician * 1922 - Gordon Tullock, American economist and academic (d. 2014) * 1923 – Chuck Yeager, American pilot * 1923 - Michael Anthony Bilandic, 49th Mayor of Chicago (d. 2002) * 1923 - James Abdnor, American politician (d. 2012) * 1925 - Stuart Wagstaff, English-Australian entertainer (d. 2015) * 1928 - Gerald Regan, 19th Premier of Nova Scotia * 1929 – Omar Torrijos, President of Panama (d. 1981) * 1930 - Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter, sculptor and illustrator (d. 2015) * 1930 - Israel Kirzner, English-American economist, author and academic * 1932 - Barbara Shelley, English actress * 1932 - Sarah Oliver, American actress (d. 1990) * 1933 – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon * 1933 – Kim Novak, American actress * 1933 - Peter L. Pond, American activist and philanthropist (d. 2000) * 1933 - Emanuel Ungaro, French fashion designer * 1934 - George Segal, American actor * 1937 - Rupiah Banda, former President of Zambia * 1937 - Sigmund Jaehn, German cosmonaut * 1938 – Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999) * 1939 - Valery Rozhdestvensky, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (d. 2011) * 1939 - Beate Klarsfeld, German activist * 1940 - Bram Peper, Dutch sociologist and politician, former Mayor of Rotterdam * 1941 – Sigmar Polke, German painter (d. 2010) * 1941 - Bo Svenson, Swedish-American actor * 1942 - Katsuaki Watanabe, CEO of Toyota * 1942 – Peter Tork, American musician (Member of The Monkees) * 1942 - Carol Lynley, American actress * 1944 – Jerry Springer, American television host * 1944 – Stockard Channing, American actress * 1944 - Bo Svenson, American actor * 1945 - Wallis Grahn, Swedish actress (d. 2018) * 1945 - King Floyd, American musician (d. 2006) * 1945 - Simon Schama, British historian * 1945 - Marian Dawkins, British biologist * 1946 – Artur Jorge, Portuguese football coach * 1947 – Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball coach * 1947 - Kevin Bloody Wilson, Australian comedian, singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1948 - Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American actress and dancer * 1949 - Peter Kern, Austrian actor, film director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2015) * 1950 – Peter Gabriel, English musician * 1950 - Bob Daisley, Australian musician === 1951 1975 === * 1952 - Freddy Maertens, Belgian cyclist * 1956 - Liam Brady, Irish footballer * 1956 - Peter Hook, English musician * 1956 - Princess Alia bint Al Hussein of Jordan * 1958 - Pernilla August, Swedish actress * 1958 - Tip Tipping, English actor and stuntman (d. 1993) * 1959 - Gaston Gingras, Canadian ice hockey player * 1960 – Pierluigi Collina, Italian football referee * 1960 - Pia Sundhage, Swedish soccer player and coach * 1960 - Artur Yusupov, Russian-German chess player * 1961 - Marc Crawford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1961 - Henry Rollins, American singer, actor and writer * 1961 - Richard Tyson, American actor * 1962 - Anibal Acevedo Vila, former Governor of Puerto Rico * 1962 - Hugh Dennis, English actor and comedian * 1964 - Stephen Bowen, American engineer, captain and astronaut * 1964 - Ylva Johansson, Swedish politician * 1965 - Peter O'Neill, 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea * 1967 - Stanimir Stoilov, Bulgarian footballer * 1967 - Johnny Tapia, American boxer (d. 2012) * 1968 - Daisuke Ikeda, Japanese professional wrestler * 1968 – Niamh Kavanagh, Irish singer * 1969 - Joyce DiDonato, American mezzo-soprano * 1970 - Elmer Bennett, American basketball player * 1970 - Karoline Krüger, Norwegian singer-songwriter and pianist * 1971 – Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player * 1971 - Todd Williams, American baseball player * 1974 – Robbie Williams, English singer * 1974 - Ana Patricia Rojo, Mexican actress * 1975 – Ben Collins, English racing driver * 1975 - Tony Dalton, American-born actor === From 1976 === * 1976 - Suzanne Maddock, British actress * 1978 - Philippe Jaroussky, French tenor * 1979 – Rafael Marquez, Mexican footballer * 1979 - Rachel Reeves, English politician * 1979 – Mena Suvari, American actress * 1979 - Anders Behring Breivik, Norwegian mass murderer (2011 Norway attacks) * 1980 – Sebastian Kehl, German footballer * 1981 - Sam Burley, American athlete * 1981 - Liam Miller, Irish footballer (d. 2018) * 1983 - Anna Watkins, British rower * 1984 - Eveli Saue, Estonian orienteer and athlete * 1985 - Hedwiges Maduro, Dutch footballer * 1985 – Alexandros Tziolis, Greek footballer * 1986 – Jamie Murray, Scottish tennis player * 1987 – Eljero Elia, Dutch footballer * 1988 - Aston Merrygold, British singer (JLS) * 1989 - Carly McKillip, Canadian singer and actress * 1989 - Rodrigo Possebon, Brazilian footballer * 1990 - Gyaincain Norbu, 11th Panchen Lama * 1990 - Mamadou Sakho, French footballer * 1993 - Alex Sawyer, British actor, director and singer * 1994 - Memphis Depay, Dutch footballer * 1995 - Ayame Koike, Japanese actress ==Deaths== === Up to 1900 === * 721 - Chilperic II (b. 672) * 858 – Kenneth I of Scotland * 1130 - Pope Honorius II * 1141 - Bela II of Hungary (b. 1110) * 1199 - Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Prince (b. 1113) * 1219 - Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192) * 1332 - Andronik II Palaiologus, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (b. 1250) * 1539 - Isabella d'Este, Italian Renaissance figure (b. 1474) * 1542 – Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII of England (b. 1521) * 1571 – Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500) * 1592 - Jacopo Bassano, Italian painter (b. 1510) * 1600 - Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538) * 1608 - Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Lithuanian Prince (b. 1526) * 1660 – Charles X, King of Sweden (b. 1622) * 1662 – Elizabeth of Bohemia (b. 1596) * 1693 - Johann Kaspar Kerli, German organist and composer (b. 1627) * 1728 - Cotton Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1663) * 1741 - Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer (b. 1660) * 1787 - Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717) * 1787 - Roger Joseph Boscovich, Croat-Italian physicist (b. 1711) * 1813 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725) * 1837 - Mariano Jose de Larra, Spanish journalist and writer (b. 1809) * 1883 – Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813) * 1888 - Jean-Baptiste Lamy, French-American archbishop (b. 1814) * 1889 - Joao Mauricio Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (b. 1815) === 1901 2000 === * 1905 - Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (b. 1844) * 1906 - Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (b. 1866) * 1909 - Hugo Egmont Horring, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1842) * 1916 - Carlos Antonio Mendoza, 3rd President of Panama (b. 1856) * 1934 - Jozsef Pusztai, Slovenian-Hungarian writer (b. 1864) * 1942 - Epitacio Pessoa, President of Brazil (b. 1865) * 1943 - Neyyire Neyir, Turkish actress (b. 1902) * 1954 - Agnes MacPhail, Canadian politician (b. 1890) * 1956 - Jan Lukasiewicz, Polish mathematician (b. 1878) * 1958 – Dame Christabel Pankhurst, British suffragette (b. 1880) * 1958 - Georges Rouault, French painter (b. 1871) * 1964 – Werner Heyde, German psychiatrist (b. 1902) * 1968 - Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1895) * 1974 - Ustad Amir Khan, Indian classical singer (b. 1912) * 1975 - Andre Beaufre, French general (b. 1902) * 1976 - Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian military leader (b. 1938) * 1976 - Lily Pons, French-American soprano and actress (b. 1904) * 1980 – Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician (b. 1905) * 1982 - Zeng Jinlian, tallest woman ever (b. 1964) * 1988 - John Curulewski, American guitarist (Styx) (b. 1950) * 1991 - Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900) * 1992 – Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician (b. 1909) * 1993 - Willoughby Gray, British actor (b. 1916) === From 2001 === * 2002 – Waylon Jennings, American musician (b. 1937) * 2004 - Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen politician (b. 1952) * 2005 – Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (b. 1917) * 2006 – Peter Frederick Strawson, British philosopher (b. 1919) * 2007 - Johanna Sallstrom, Swedish actress (b. 1974) * 2008 – Kon Ichikawa, Japanese movie director and producer (b. 1915) * 2008 – Henri Salvador, French singer and guitarist (b. 1917) * 2010 – John Reed, British singer of Gilbert and Sullivan (b. 1916) * 2011 – Inese Jaunzeme, Latvian javelin thrower (b. 1932) * 2013 - Pieter Kooijmans, Dutch politician (b. 1933) * 2014 - Balu Mahendra, Indian moviemaker and screenwriter (b. 1939) * 2014 - Richard Moller Nielsen, Danish footballer and coach (b. 1937) * 2014 - Piero D'Inzeo, Italian equestrian show jumper (b. 1923) * 2014 - Ralph Waite, American actor (b. 1928) * 2015 - Kesava Reddy, Indian writer (b. 1946) * 2015 - Stan Chambers, American journalist (b. 1923) * 2016 - Antonin Scalia, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. 1936) * 2016 - O. N. V. Kurup, Indian poet, lyricist and politician (b. 1931) * 2016 - Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1965) * 2016 - Christopher Zeeman, British mathematician (b. 1925) * 2017 - Sara Coward, British actress (b. 1948) * 2017 - Kim Jong-nam, half-brother of Kim Jong-un (b. 1971) * 2017 - Jan Grabowski, Polish speedway rider (b. 1950) * 2017 - Lucky Pulpit, American-trained racehorse (b. 2001) * 2017 - E-dubble, American rapper (b. 1982) * 2017 - Harold Denton, American public servant (b. 1936) * 2017 - Bruce Lansbury, English-American television producer (b. 1930) * 2017 - Seijun Suzuki, Japanese director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1923) * 2018 - Joseph Bonnel, French footballer (b. 1939) * 2018 - Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian ascetic and philanthropist (b. 1914) * 2018 - Tito Francona, American baseball player (b. 1933) * 2018 - Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark (b. 1934) * 2018 - Josefina Samper, Spanish communist and feminist (b. 1927) == Observances == * World Radio Day Category:Days of the year