Title: September 13 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 509 BC The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September. * 81 Domitian becomes Roman Emperor. * 122 The building of Hadrian's Wall begins. * 335 Emperor Constantine I consecrates the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. * 533 Belisarius and the Roman Empire defeat Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium near Carthage, North Africa. * 604 Pope Sabinianus is consecrated. * 1440 Gilles de Rais is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes. * 1501 Michelangelo begins work on his famous statue David. * 1541 John Calvin returns to Geneva after three years in exile, to re-form the Calvinist Church. * 1584 The Spanish royal palace San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid, is completed. * 1598 Philip III of Spain becomes King. * 1609 Henry Hudson reaches the river that will later be named after him – the Hudson River. * 1743 England, Austria and Savoy- Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms. * 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War. * 1782 American Revolutionary War: French-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar. * 1788 The United States Constitutional Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S. * 1791 King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution * 1813 The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812. * 1843 The Greek Army rebels against the autocratic rule of King Otto of Greece. * 1847 Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War. * 1848 American Phineas Gage survives an accident in which an iron pole goes through his head. The resulting change in his behaviour becomes the subject of several scientific studies. * 1850 First successful climb of Piz Bernina, the highest summit in the Eastern portion of the Alps. * 1858 A fire on German passenger steamer Austria kills 471 people. * 1862 Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. * 1898 Hannibal Williston Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film * 1899 Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident. * 1900 Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine American War. === 1901 1950 === * 1906 First airplane flight in Europe * 1914 During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German SW Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station. * 1914 World War I: Battle of Aisne begins between France and Germany. * 1922 The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 136.4 °F (58 °C), though this measurement was doubted in 2012 and the record given back to the 57 degrees Celsius measured at Death Valley, California in 1913. * 1923 Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. * 1928 A hurricane devastates the Caribbean. * 1933 Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament. * 1939 Canada enters World War II. * 1940 World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace. * 1940 World War II: Italy invades Egypt. * 1941 Two of the worst tragedies in Norwegian shipping occur. In the Finnmark region, a passenger steamer of the Hurtigruten line is sunk by a British U-boat, killing 99. On the same night, at Vestfjord, a passenger ship is sunk by a British torpedo, killing 112. * 1943 Chiang Kai- shek elected president of the Republic of China. * 1948 Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate. * 1950 West Germany holds its first census, establishing a population of 47.3 million. === 1951 2000 === * 1953 Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary-general of the Soviet Union. * 1956 The dyke around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed. * 1959 The Soviet Lunik 2 space probe lands on the moon. * 1965 Baseball: Willie Mays becomes the fifth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. * 1968 Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact. * 1970 First running of the New York City Marathon. * 1971 State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt. 42 people die in the assault. * 1971 Frank Robinson becomes the 11th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. * 1979 South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognized outside South Africa). * 1985 The Super Mario Bros. video game is released by Nintendo in Japan. * 1987 Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning. * 1988 Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere (based on barometric pressure). * 1989 Largest anti-Apartheid march is held in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu. * 1991 A concrete beam weighing 55 tons falls in the Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada. * 1993 Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway. * 1994 Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole. * 1996 After surviving for six days, U.S. rapper/actor Tupac Shakur dies after being shot four times in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. * 1999 A bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed. === From 2001 === * 2001 Civilian airplane traffic in the U.S., which had been grounded following the September 11, 2001 attacks, is allowed to resume. * 2004 The anime InuYasha finishes its run in Japan with episode 167. * 2005 The Israelis abandon the Gaza Strip. * 2005 Major Japanese Pop group Do As Infinity announces that it's disbanding. * 2007 The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. * 2008 Delhi, India is hit by a series of bomb blasts, killing 30. * 2008 Hurricane Ike hits Texas. * 2012 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks: Protests spread to US diplomatic missions in Yemen, Morocco, Sudan and Yemen, as well as the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which handles US interests in Iran. == Births == === Up to 1850 === * 64 Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91) * 678 K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Mayan ruler (d. 730) * 1087 John II Komnene, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143) * 1475 Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat and ruler (d. 1507) * 1502 John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552) * 1521 William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598) * 1594 Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667) * 1601 Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1678) * 1630 Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish polymath (d. 1702) * 1694 Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776) * 1755 Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819) * 1766 Samuel Wilson, likely namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854) * 1775 Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868) * 1802 Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880) * 1813 Jozsef Eotvos, Hungarian writer and statesman (d. 1871) * 1813 John Sedgwick, American general (d. 1864) * 1818 Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1893) * 1819 Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896) * 1830 Marie von Ebner- Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916) * 1842 John H. Bankhead, American politician (d. 1920) * 1842 Jan Puczyna de Kosielsno, Polish cardinal (d. 1911) === 1851 1900 === * 1851 Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902) * 1853 Hans Christian Gram, Danish bacteriologist (d. 1938) * 1856 Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist (d. 1953) * 1857 Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945) * 1860 John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948) * 1863 Arthur Henderson, British politician (d. 1935) * 1865 William Birdwood, British general (d. 1951) * 1872 Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951) * 1873 Constantin Caratheodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950) * 1874 Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951) * 1874 Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962) * 1876 Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941) * 1877 Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957) * 1877 Stanley Lord, English captain (d. 1962) * 1880 Jesse L. Lasky, American movie producer (d. 1958) * 1882 Ramon Grau, 6th President of Cuba (d. 1969) * 1883 Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (d. 1959) * 1884 Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957) * 1885 Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian mathematician and author (d. 1962) * 1885 Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (d. 1954) * 1886 Robert Robinson, British chemist (d. 1975) * 1886 Amelie Beese, German pilot (d. 1925) * 1887 Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (d. 1976) * 1887 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American politician (d. 1944) * 1890 Antony Noghès, French businessman (d. 1978) * 1891 Max Pruss, German airship commander (d. 1960) * 1892 Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (d. 1980) * 1893 Larry Shields, American clarinetist (d. 1953) * 1894 J. B. Priestley, British playwright and novelist (d. 1984) * 1894 Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953) * 1895 Morris Kirksey, American athlete (d. 1981) * 1899 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938) === 1901 1950 === * 1903 Claudette Colbert, French-born actress (d. 1996) * 1904 Luigi Bertolini, Italian footballer (d. 1977) * 1908 Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (d. 1990) * 1908 Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998) * 1908 Sicco Mansholt, Dutch politician, 4th President of the European Commission (d. 1995) * 1909 Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster (d. 2014) * 1909 James A. Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (d. 2001) * 1911 Bill Monroe, American Country musician (d. 1996) * 1912 Horace W. Babcock, American astronomer (d. 2003) * 1913 Tadao Horie, Japanese footballer (d. 2003) * 1914 Leonard Feather, British-born jazz pianist, composer and producer (d. 1994) * 1916 Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990) * 1918 Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2015) * 1918 Dick Haymes, American singer and actor (d. 1980) * 1918 Rosemary Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 2005) * 1919 Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2003) * 1919 Mary Midgley, English philosopher and author (d. 2018) * 1923 Zoya Ksmodenskaya, Soviet-Russian partisan (d. 1941) * 1924 Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009) * 1924 Norman Alden, American actor (d. 2012) * 1925 Frank Cashen, American Major League Baseball general manager (d. 2014) * 1926 Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1927 Tzannis Tzannetakis, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010) * 1928 Robert Indiana, American painter (d. 2018) * 1929 Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004) * 1931 Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, 33rd Governor of South Australia * 1931 Barbara Bain, American actress * 1936 Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian activist (d. 2019) * 1938 John Smith, British politician (d. 1994) * 1939 Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993) * 1939 Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014) * 1939 Larry Speakes, American journalist (d. 2014) * 1939 Guntis Ulmanis, former President of Latvia * 1939 Bill Janklow, former Governor of South Dakota (d. 2012) * 1939 Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer * 1940 Oscar Arias, former President of Costa Rica * 1941 Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey * 1941 Ed Roberts, American inventor (d. 2010) * 1941 David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer * 1941 Tadao Ando, Japanese architect * 1942 Hissène Habré, 7th President of Chad * 1944 Jacqueline Bisset, British actress * 1944 Peter Cetera, American musician * 1945 Gertrude Mongella, Tanzanian politician * 1946 Frank Marshall, American movie producer, director and actor * 1948 Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji * 1949 Dennis Pendrith, Canadian bass player * 1949 John W. Henry, American businessman * 1950 Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, 8th Prime Minister of Poland === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People) * 1954 Shigeharu Ueki, Japanese footballer * 1955 Joe Morris, American musician * 1955 Colin Moynihan, British politician, Chairman of the British Olympic Association * 1956 Anne Geddes, Australian photographer * 1956 Alain Ducasse, French chef * 1957 Vinny Appice, American drummer * 1957 Cesare Bocci, Italian actor and television presenter * 1958 Bobby Davro, British comedian * 1958 Peter Wirnsberger, Austrian skier * 1960 Greg Baldwin, American actor * 1960 Hubert Schwarz, German skier and ski jumper * 1961 Dave Mustaine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor * 1962 Tone Onnepalu, Estonian writer * 1964 Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and writer * 1964 Mladen Mladenovic, Croatian footballer * 1965 Zak Starkey, British musician * 1965 Diego Aguirre, Uruguayan footballer * 1966 Maria Furtwaengler, German physician * 1967 Michael Johnson, American Olympic Games gold medalist in track and field * 1967 Jim "Ripper" Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1969 Shane Warne, Australian cricketer * 1969 Daniel Fonseca, Uruguayan footballer * 1969 Tyler Perry, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer * 1970 Louise Lombard, British actress * 1970 Martin Herrera, Argentine footballer * 1971 Goran Ivanisevic, Croatian tennis player * 1971 Stella McCartney, British fashion designer * 1973 Christine Arron, French runner * 1973 Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer * 1974 Travis Knight, American basketball player * 1975 Ian Carey, American DJ and music producer === From 1976 === * 1977 Fiona Apple, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1978 Peter Sunde, Swedish entrepreneur * 1979 Manuel Friedrich, German footballer * 1980 Andreas Biermann, German footballer (d. 2014) * 1980 Gilberto Ribeiro Gonçalves, Brazilian footballer * 1980 Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player * 1982 Miha Jupan, Slovenian basketball player * 1982 Alison Thewliss, Scottish politician * 1983 James Bourne, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer * 1985 Emi Suzuki, Japanese model and actress * 1985 David Jordan, English singer-songwriter * 1986 Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver * 1987 Tzvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player * 1987 Fraizer Campbell, English footballer * 1987 Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby player * 1988 Keith Treacy, Irish footballer * 1989 Thomas Müller, German footballer * 1991 Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast * 1993 Niall Horan, Irish singer (One Direction) * 1993 Alice Merton, German singer * 1994 Leonor Andrade, Portuguese singer and actress * 1995 Robbie Kay, English actor == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 81 Titus, Roman Emperor (b. 39) * 1321 Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265) * 1409 Isabella of Valois, Queen of England (b. 1389) * 1438 Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391) * 1506 Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter * 1557 John Cheke, English classical scholar (b. 1514) * 1592 Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533) * 1598 Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526) * 1624 Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr and Queen of Kakheti, Georgia (b. 1565) * 1632 Archduke Leopold V of Austria (b. 1586) * 1759 James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727) * 1806 Charles James Fox, British politician (b. 1749) * 1808 Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1748) * 1813 Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia * 1872 Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804) * 1881 Ambrose Burnside, US General (b. 1824) === 1901 2000 === * 1905 René Goblet, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828) * 1910 Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and musician (b. 1865) * 1912 Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (b. 1843) * 1915 Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835) * 1928 Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861) * 1929 Jatindra Nath Das, Indian activist (b. 1904) * 1931 Lili Elbe, Danish model and painter (b. 1882) * 1937 David Robertson, Scottish golfer and rugby player (b. 1869) * 1941 Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney (b. 1859) * 1944 W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist (b. 1872) * 1944 Noor Inayat Khan, Indian-British agent (b. 1914) * 1946 William Watt, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Victoria (b. 1871) * 1946 Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1875) * 1946 Amon Goeth, Austrian war criminal (b. 1908) * 1949 August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874) * 1960 Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885) * 1967 Robert George, 24th Governor of South Australia (b. 1896) * 1971 Lin Biao, Chinese political leader (b. 1907) * 1973 Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913) * 1976 Armand Mondou, French-Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905) * 1977 Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882) * 1987 Mervyn LeRoy, American movie director (b. 1900) * 1991 Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (b. 1936) * 1991 Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913) * 1991 Joe Pasternak, American director (b. 1901) * 1996 Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971) * 1998 George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919) * 1999 Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913) === From 2001 === * 2001 Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916) * 2002 George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian and author (b. 1907) * 2003 Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930) * 2004 Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (b. 1925) * 2005 Julio César Turbay Ayala, 33rd President of Colombia (b. 1916) * 2006 Ann Richards, American politician, Governor of Texas (b. 1933) * 2008 Peter Camejo, American politician (b. 1939) * 2011 Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922) * 2011 Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930) * 2012 Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician, lawyer, and footballer, 10th Premier of Alberta (b. 1928) * 2012 Otto Stich, Swiss politician (b. 1927) * 2013 Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish-American supercentenarian (b. 1901) * 2014 David Cawthorne Haines, Scottish aid worker (b. 1970) * 2014 Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (b. 1936) * 2014 Frank Torre, American baseball player and manager (b. 1931) * 2015 Moses Malone, American basketball player (b. 1955) * 2017 Pete Domenici, American politician (b. 1932) * 2017 Per Fugelli, Norwegian physician (b. 1943) * 2017 Slavko Goldstein, Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher and politician (b. 1928) * 2017 Grant Hart, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1961) * 2017 Frank Vincent, American actor (b. 1937) * 2017 Basil Gogos, Egyptian-born American magazine cover painter (b. 1929) * 2017 Kazimierz Ryczan, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1939) * 2018 Guido Ceronetti, Italian journalist and poet (b. 1927) * 2018 Marin Mazzie, American actress (b. 1960) * 2018 Albrecht Wellmer, German philosopher (b. 1933) * 2018 John Wilcock, British journalist (b. 1927) * 2018 Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (b. 1926) * 2019 Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iranian businessman (b. 1934) * 2019 Alex Grammas, American baseball player (b. 1926) * 2019 Bruno Grandi, Italian sports executive (b. 1934) * 2019 Rudi Gutendorf, German footballer and coach (b. 1926) * 2019 Ghulam Shah Jeelani, Pakistani politician (b. 1957) * 2019 György Konrád, Hungarian novelist (b. 1933) * 2019 Eddie Money, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949) == Observances == * International Chocolate Day * Roald Dahl Day (UK, Africa, Latin America) Category:Days of the year