Title: March 30 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 598 - Balkan campaign: The Avars lift the siege of the Byzantine Empire stronghold of Tomis. * 1282 - The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin King, Charles I of Naples, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers. * 1296 – Edward I storms Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then-Scottish border town, slaughtering almost everyone, even those fleeing to the churches. * 1492 – Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree aimed at expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism. * 1533 – Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury. * 1814 – Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris. * 1814 - Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Declaration which would later inspire the unification of Italy into being one country. * 1822 – Florida Territory created in the United States. * 1841 - The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens. * 1842 – Anesthesia is used for the first time in an operation by Dr. Crawford Long. * 1844 – One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros. * 1855 – Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas – "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro- slavery legislature. * 1856 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War. * 1858 – Hyman Lipman patents a pencil with an attached eraser. * 1863 – Prince Wilhelm Georg of Sleeswÿk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is chosen as King George I of Greece. * 1867 – Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this Seward's Folly. * 1870 – Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction. * 1899 - British passenger steamship Stella hits a rock off Guernsey in the English Channel, in thick fog, sinking within eight minutes. === 1901 2000 === * 1909 – In New York City the Queensboro Bridge connecting Manhattan and Queens is opened to traffic. * 1912 – Sultan Abdelhafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate. * 1939 - The Henkel He 100 fighter aircraft sets a record airspeed of 745 kilometers per hour (463 miles per hour). * 1940 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking to be the capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei. * 1944 - World War II: Allied bombing raid on Nuremberg. * 1944 - World War II: The Allies conduct their most severe bombing raid on Sofia, Bulgaria. * 1945 – World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna; Alger Hiss congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing about the Western betrayal at the Yalta Conference. * 1949 - Riots occur in Reykjavik after the decision of Iceland's government for the country to join NATO. * 1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau. * 1954 – The first subway in Canada opens after five years of construction, in Toronto. * 1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed at New York. * 1962 – Jack Paar hosts his last episode of The Tonight Show. * 1964 – The game show Jeopardy! debuts on television. * 1965 – Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others. * 1972 – Vietnam War: The Eastertide Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam. * 1974 – The Ramones play their first ever gig as a trio at CBGB's in New York City. * 1976 - First Land Day protests in Israel and Palestine. * 1981 – President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley, Jr., family friend of the Vice President. * 1982 - Space Shuttle program: The STS-3 mission ends, with the landing of the Space Shuttle Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, United States. * 1987 – One of Vincent Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" paintings is bought by Japanese insurance magnate Yasuo Goto for $39.85 million. === From 2001 === * 2001 - The result of the People's Republic of China's census is announced. The population at this time is estimated at 1,285,830,000. * 2002 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother, dies at Windsor Castle, aged 101, just seven weeks after her daughter, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. * 2006 – The United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2006 becomes law. * 2006 – Marcos Pontes becomes the first Brazilian in space on board the Soyuz TMA-8 aircraft, to the International Space Station. * 2008 – The controversial 2008 Zimbabwean Presidential election is held. * 2017 - SpaceX conducts the world's first re-flight of an orbital-class rocket. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1135 – Maimonides, Jewish philosopher (d. 1204) * 1326 – Ivan II of Russia (d. 1359) * 1432 – Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1481) * 1510 - Antonio de Cabezon, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566) * 1566 - Carlo Gesualdo, Italian nobleman, composer and murderer (d. 1613) * 1633 - Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1708) * 1727 - Tommaso Traetta, Italian composer (d. 1779) * 1746 – Francisco Goya, Spanish painter (d. 1828) * 1750 - John Stafford Smith, English organist and composer (d. 1836) * 1757 - Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier, French physicist and aviation pioneer (d. 1785) * 1785 - Henry Hardinge, Governor-General of India (d. 1856) * 1793 – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentine military leader (d. 1877) * 1805 - Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, German-Swedish linguist (d. 1887) * 1811 - Robert Bunsen, German chemist (d. 1899) * 1818 - Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen, German social reformer (d. 1888) * 1820 – Anna Sewell, British writer (d. 1878) * 1844 – Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896) * 1853 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890) * 1857 – Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d. 1926) * 1863 - Joseph Caillaux, Prime Minister of France (d. 1944) * 1863 - Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930) * 1864 - Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (d. 1943) * 1874 - Charles Lightoller, English 2nd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952) * 1874 - Nicolae Radescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953) * 1879 - Coen de Koning, Dutch ice skater (d. 1954) * 1879 - Bernhard Schmidt, German optician (d. 1935) * 1880 – Sean O'Casey, Irish dramatist (d. 1964) * 1882 - Melanie Klein, Austrian-British psychoanalyst (d. 1960) * 1892 - Stefan Banack, Polish mathematician (d. 1945) * 1892 - Fortunato Depero, Italian painter, writer, sculptor and graphic designer (d. 1960) * 1892 - Sanzo Nozaka, Japanese politician (d. 1993) * 1892 - Sidney Soyers, CIA director (d. 1973) * 1894 – Sergey Ilyushin, Russian aerospace engineer (d. 1977) * 1894 - Tommy Green, English race walker (d. 1975) * 1895 - Jean Giono, French author (d. 1970) * 1899 - Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Bengali writer (d. 1970) * 1900 – Santos Urdinaran, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1979) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 - Brooke Astor, American philanthropist (d. 2007) * 1902 - Victor E. Anderson, Governor of Nebraska (d. 1962) * 1902 - Frieda Szwillus, German supercentenarian (d. 2014) * 1905 – Albert Pierrepoint, British executioner (d. 1992) * 1908 - Leo A. Hoegh, Territorial Governor of Hawaii (d. 2000) * 1909 - John A. Burns, Governor of Hawaii (d. 1975) * 1910 – Jozef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940) * 1913 – Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007) * 1913 – Censu Tabone, former President of Malta (d. 2012) * 1913 – Richard Helms, American CIA director (d. 2002) * 1913 – Marc Davis, American animator (d. 2000) * 1914 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician (d. 1948) * 1915 - Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977) * 1915 - Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015) * 1917 - Els Aarne, Estonian composer (d. 1995) * 1919 - McGeorge Bundy, American diplomat (d. 1996) * 1922 – Virgilio Noè, Italian cardinal (d. 2011) * 1923 - Milton Acorn, Canadian poet (d. 1986) * 1924 - Milko Kelemen, Croatian composer (d. 2018) * 1926 – Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman (IKEA) (d. 2018) * 1926 - Peter Marshall, American actor, singer and game show host * 1926 - Larissa Volpert, Russian chess player (d. 2017) * 1928 - Tom Sharpe, British author (d. 2013) * 1929 - Richard Dysart, American actor (d. 2015) * 1930 - John Astin, American actor * 1930 – Rolf Harris, Australian artist, singer and entertainer * 1933 - Anna- Lisa, Norwegian-American actress (d. 2018) * 1933 - Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007) * 1934 - Mahmut Atalay, Turkish wrestler (d. 2004) * 1934 - Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and designer (d. 2014) * 1937 – Warren Beatty, American actor * 1938 - Klaus Schwab, German economist and engineer * 1940 - Astrud Gilberto, Brazilian singer * 1940 - Jerry Lucas, American basketball player * 1940 - Uwe Timm, German actor * 1941 – Wasim Sajjad, former President of Pakistan * 1942 – Ruben Kun, former President of Nauru * 1943 - Jay Traynor, American singer (d. 2014) * 1943 - Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa, Malagasy sprinter (d. 2016) * 1945 – Eric Clapton, British guitarist and singer * 1945 - Johnnie Walker, British DJ and broadcaster * 1945 - Bob Miller, former Governor of Nevada * 1947 - Ryszard Kotla, Polish writer and activist * 1947 - Dick Roche, Irish politician * 1948 – Eddie Jordan, Irish racing driver and team owner * 1948 – Mervyn King, British economist * 1948 - Naomi Sims, model * 1950 – Robbie Coltrane, Scottish actor * 1950 - Beverley Hughes, English politician * 1950 - Frans Bolweg, Dutch sailor (d. 2015) === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Yves Séguin, Quebec politician and actor * 1956 - Juanito Oiarzabal, Basque mountaineer * 1957 - Michael Lehmann, American director * 1957 - Paul Reiser, American actor and screenwriter * 1958 - Maurice LaMarche, Canadian voice actor * 1959 - Sabine Meyer, German classical clarinettist * 1959 - Martina Cole, English author * 1960 - Bill Johnson, American skier * 1962 – M.C. Hammer, American rapper and musician * 1962 – Bil Dwyer, American actor * 1962 - Mark Begich, American politician * 1963 - Eli-Eri Moura, Brazilian composer and conductor * 1963 - Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko, Ukrainian footballer and coach * 1963 - Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, 4th President of Mongolia * 1964 – Tracy Chapman, American singer * 1964 - Abu Anas al-Libi, Libyan terrorist (d. 2015) * 1965 – Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality * 1966 - Joey Castillo, American drummer * 1967 - Megumi Hayashibara, Japanese voice actor and singer * 1968 – Céline Dion, Canadian singer * 1968 - Donna D'Errico, American actress and model * 1971 - Mark Consuelos, Spanish-American motorcycle racer * 1972 - Karel Poborsky, Czech footballer * 1973 – Jan Koller, Czech footballer * 1973 - Adam Goldstein, American keyboardist, DJ and producer (d. 2009) * 1975 - Paul Griffen, New Zealand-Italian rugby player === From 1976 === * 1976 - Ty Conklin, American ice hockey player * 1976 - Ayako Kawasumi, Japanese voice actress * 1976 - Mark McClelland, Irish musician * 1976 - Troels Lund Poulsen, Danish politician * 1978 – Chris Paterson, Scottish rugby player * 1978 - Simon Webbe, English singer (Blue) * 1978 - Teemu Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player * 1979 – Anatoliy Tymoschuk, Ukrainian footballer * 1979 – Norah Jones, American singer and musician * 1980 – Ricardo Osorio, Mexican footballer * 1981 – Andrea Masi, Italian rugby player * 1981 - Jammal Brown, American football player * 1981 - Katy Mixon, American actress * 1982 - A-Trak, Canadian DJ and record producer * 1982 - Jason Dohring, American actor * 1982 - Philippe Mexès, French footballer * 1983 - Sarah Stevenson, British taekwondoka * 1984 – Mario Ancic, Croatian tennis player * 1984 – Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player * 1986 – Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer * 1986 - Beni, Japanese singer * 1987 - Juan Pablo Pino, Colombian footballer * 1987 - Calum Elliot, Scottish footballer * 1987 - Marc-Edouard Vlasic, Canadian ice hockey player * 1988 - Richard Sherman, American football player * 1990 - Lee Gi-kwang, South Korean singer, dancer and actor * 1990 - Cassie Scerbo, American singer, dancer and actress * 1992 - Stuart Armstrong, Scottish footballer * 1993 - Anitta, Brazilian singer, songwriter, actress and dancer * 1993 - Song Min-ho, South Korean rapper, composer and songwriter * 1994 - Haruka Shimazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48) * 1994 - Sarah Solovay, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1994 - Jetro Willems, Dutch footballer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 116 - Quirinus of Neuss, Roman martyr and saint * 365 – Jin Aidi, Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (b. 341) * 987 - Arnulf II of Flanders * 1202 - Joachim Fiore, Italian mystic and theologian (b. 1135) * 1472 - Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435) * 1486 - Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury * 1526 – Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471) * 1559 – Adam Ries, German mathematician (b. 1492) * 1587 - Ralph Sadler, English statesman (b. 1507) * 1764 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (b. 1695) * 1783 – William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (b. 1718) * 1804 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, French aristocrat and soldier (b. 1718) * 1830 – Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763) * 1864 - Louis Schindelmeisser, German clarinetist, composer and conductor (b. 1811) * 1873 - Benedict Morel, French physicist (b. 1809) * 1879 - Thomas Couture, French painter and teacher (b. 1815) * 1886 - Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, 6th Premier of Quebec (b. 1838) * 1896 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek Prime Minister (b. 1832) === 1901 2000 === * 1912 – Karl May, German writer (b. 1842) * 1914 – John Henry Poynting, English physicist (b. 1852) * 1925 – Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (b. 1861) * 1935 - Romanos Melikian, Armenian composer (b. 1873) * 1939 - Richard Steiff, German businessman and teddy bear creator (b. 1877) * 1943 - Jan Bytnar, Polish activist (b. 1921) * 1943 - Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski, Polish activist (b. 1920) * 1949 – Friedrich Bergius, German chemist (b. 1884) * 1950 – Léon Blum, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872) * 1952 – Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (b. 1905) * 1954 - Pauline Brunius, Swedish actress and director (b. 1881) * 1955 - Harl McDonald, American pianist, composer and conductor (b. 1899) * 1959 - Daniil Andreev, Russian writer and mystic (b. 1906) * 1959 - Riccardo Zandla, Italian-Slovenian poet (b. 1875) * 1961 - Philibert Jacques Melotte, British astronomer (b. 1880) * 1963 - Alexander Gauk, Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893) * 1964 - Nella Larsen, American writer (b. 1891) * 1965 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician (b. 1896) * 1966 - Erwin Piscator, German director and producer (b. 1893) * 1967 - Jean Toomer, American writer (b. 1894) * 1968 - Bobby Driscoll, American actor (b. 1937) * 1970 – Heinrich Bruening, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885) * 1973 - Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish aristocrat and aviator (b. 1903) * 1977 – Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer and actor (b. 1929) * 1979 - Airey Neave, English soldier and politician (b. 1916) * 1984 - Karl Rahner, German theologian (b. 1904) * 1985 - Harold Peary, American actor and singer (b. 1908) * 1986 – James Cagney, American actor (b. 1899) * 1988 - Edgar Faure, Prime Minister of France (b. 1908) * 1990 - Harry Peary, Australian-American union leader (b. 1901) * 2000 – Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, President of Austria (b. 1915) === From 2001 === * 2002 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (b. 1900) * 2003 – Valentin Pavlov, Soviet politician (b. 1937) * 2003 - Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952) * 2005 – Mitch Hedberg, American comedian (b. 1968) * 2008 – Dith Pran, Cambodian photojournalist (b. 1942) * 2010 – Martin Sandberger, German military officer (b. 1911) * 2011 – Lyudmila Gurchenko, Russian actress and singer (b. 1935) * 2013 - Phil Ramone, South African-American record producer (b. 1934) * 2013 - Valeri Zolotuchin, Russian actor (b. 1941) * 2014 - Phuntsok Wangyal, Tibetan-Chinese politician (b. 1922) * 2014 - Kate O'Mara, British actress (b. 1939) * 2014 - Jan de Graaff, Dutch television journalist (b. 1943) * 2015 - Helmut Dietl, German movie director (b. 1944) * 2015 - Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer (b. 1921) * 2015 - Philip A. Potter, Dominican Methodist church leader (b. 1921) * 2016 - Anne Aasheim, Norwegian newspaper editor (b. 1962) * 2016 - Bernard Lamarre, Canadian engineer and businessman (b. 1931) * 2016 - Bill Rosendahl, American politician (b. 1945) * 2016 - Gianmaria Testa, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1958) * 2016 - Shirley Hufstedler, American lawyer and judge (b. 1925) * 2016 - Khuzaima Qutbuddin, Indian Islamic leader (b. 1940) * 2017 - Richard Bustillo, American martial arts instructor (b. 1942) * 2017 - Donald Harvey, American serial killer (b. 1952) * 2018 - André Bo-Boliko Lokonga, 9th Prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1934) * 2018 - Bill Maynard, English actor (b. 1928) * 2020 - Bill Withers, American musician (b. 1938) == Observances == * Land Day (Palestine) * National Doctors' Day (United States) Category:Days of the year