Title: September 1 Content: This day is the first day of the last third of the year as well as the two thirds point of the common year because there are 243 days before and 121 days after it in common years. There are 244 days before and 121 after it in leap years. == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 5509 BC The world was created, according to the Byzantine Empire. * 327 Start of first indiction cycle. * 717 Siege of Constantinople: The Muslim armada, with 1,800 ships, is defeated by the Byzantine Empire's Navy through the use of Greek fire. * 1271 Pope Gregory X is elected. * 1532 Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her future husband, King Henry VIII of England. * 1598 Boris Godunov is crowned Tsar of Russia. * 1604 Adi Granath, now known as Gupta Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, is first installed at Harmandir Sahib. * 1644 Battle of Tippermuir, Montrose defeats Elcho's Covenanters, reviving Royalist cause * 1715 King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years — longer than any major European monarch. * 1772 Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa founded in San Luis Obispo, California. * 1804 Juno, one of the largest main belt asteroids, was discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. * 1807 Former US Vice President Aaron Burr is acquitted of treason. He had been accused of plotting to annex parts of Louisiana and Mexico to become part of an independent republic. * 1818 At London's St. Guy's Hospital, James Blundell carries out the first blood transfusion on a human. His patient, however, dies. * 1836 Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. * 1862 American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly – Confederate General Robert E. Lee leads his forces in an attack on retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia, driving them away. * 1864 American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege mounted by Union General William T. Sherman. * 1870 Franco-Prussian War: Prussian victory in the Battle of Sedan. * 1873 Cetshwayo ascends to the throne of the Zulu Nation. * 1875 A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband. * 1878 Emma Nutt becomes the first female telephone operator. * 1894 Great Hinckley Fire: A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota kills more than 400 people. * 1897 The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground metro in North America. === 1901 2000 === * 1902 A Trip to the Moon, directed by Georges Méliès and considered one of the first science fiction movies, is released in France. * 1905 Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation. * 1906 the International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI) is established. * 1914 St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd. * 1914 The last Passenger Pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo. * 1923 An earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama killing about 100,000 people. See Great Kantō earthquake for details. * 1928 Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king. * 1939 World War II: Nazi Germany attacks Poland, beginning the war. (See Polish September Campaign.) * 1939 George Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army. * 1951 The United States, Australia and New Zealand all sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty (for "Australia, New Zealand, United States"). * 1952 The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is published. * 1954 Paul "Bear" Bryant opens his infamous 10-day football mini- camp in Junction, Texas. The "survivors" of the ordeal will go down in football lore as The Junction Boys. * 1958 Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, and starting the Cod Wars. * 1960 Disgruntled railroad workers effectively halt operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad, marking the first shutdown in the history of the company. * 1961 The Eritrean War of Independence begins. * 1962 Channel Television launches to 54,000 households in the Channel Islands. * 1962 An earthquake in Qazvin, Iran, kills more than 12,000 people. * 1969 A coup in Libya brings Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi to power, ousting King Idris I. * 1969 Tran Thien Khiem becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under Nguyen Van Thieu. * 1970 The last episode of the television sitcom I Dream of Jeannie airs on NBC. The show premiered on September 18, 1965. * 1972 In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky and becomes the world chess champion. * 1974 The SR-71 Blackbird plane sets the record for the time it takes to fly from New York City to London, doing so in an hour and 55 minutes. The record has not yet been beaten. * 1979 The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km. * 1980 Chun Doo-hwan becomes president of South Korea after the resignation of Choi Kyu-ha. * 1980 Terry Fox is forced to abandon his "Marathon of Hope" across Canada at Thunder Bay, Ontario. * 1981 In the Central African Republic, David Dacko is removed in a military coup. * 1983 Cold War: Korean Air Flight KAL-007 shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft entered Soviet airspace. All 269 on board die. * 1984 An attack on Kabul Airport kills 42 people. * 1985 A joint American- French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic. * 1986 Soviet passenger steamer Admiral Nakhimov sinks in the Black Sea, after a collision, killing 398 people. * 1991 The Super Nintendo Entertainment System is released in North America. * 1991 Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union. * 1992 Slovakia's Constitution is ratified. * 1995 The PlayStation videogame system is released in North America. * 1999 A LAPA Boeing 737-200 crashes during takeoff from Jorge Newbury Airport in Buenos Aires, killing 74, including 10 on the ground. === From 2001 === * 2001 In the largest media market change in North American television history, every single commercial television station in Vancouver, British Columbia switches network affiliations after a round of ownership changes in 2000. * 2004 The Beslan school siege begins, when armed terrorists take children and adults hostage at a school in Beslan, North Ossetia, southern Russia. The siege ends in a massacre two days later. * 2005 Then-Governor of Louisiana Kathleen Blanco gives a "Shoot to Kill" order against looters following Hurricane Katrina. * 2006 Luxembourg completes the move to all-digital broadcasting. * 2016 A SpaceX rocket explodes on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida. * 2017 Vladimir Putin's decision to expel 755 diplomats from Russia, in response to United States sanctions, takes effect. * 2018 The funeral of United States Senator John McCain takes place at Washington National Cathedral. * 2019 Hurricane Dorian hits the Bahamas as a Category 5 (the strongest measurement) storm. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 948 Emperor Jingzong of Liao, of the Liao Dynasty in China (d. 982) * 1068 King Henry I of England, English royal (d. 1135) * 1145 Ibn Jubayr, Muslim geographer and poet (d. 1217) * 1286 Elisabeth Richeza of Poland (d. 1335) * 1525 Christoffer Valkendorff, Danish statesman (d. 1601) * 1566 Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626) * 1588 Henri, Prince of Condé (d. 1646) * 1611 William Cartwright, English playwright (d. 1643) * 1647 Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark (d. 1717) * 1651 Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. 1694) * 1653 Johann Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1706) * 1689 Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Czech baroque architect (d. 1751) * 1711 William IV, Prince of Orange (d. 1759) * 1785 Philip Allen, 22nd Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1865) * 1798 Ferenc Gyulay, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1868) * 1818 José María Castro Madriz, first President of Costa Rica (d. 1892) * 1827 Elisha Baxter, American politician, 10th Governor of Arkansas (d. 1899) * 1846 Carlo Cafiero, Italian anarchist and revolutionary (d. 1892) * 1848 Auguste Forel, Swiss scientist (d. 1931) * 1854 Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921) * 1855 Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (d. 1909) * 1856 Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (d. 1953) * 1861 Lazar Edeleanu, Romanian chemist (d. 1941) * 1862 Nitobe Inazo, Japanese diplomat (d. 1933) * 1863 Joao Pinheiro Chagas, Portuguese journalist and politician (d. 1925) * 1864 Roger Casement, Irish diplomat, poet, patriot and activist (d. 1916) * 1866 James Corbett, American boxer (d. 1933) * 1871 J. Reuben Clark, American civil sergeant, lawyer and religious leader (d. 1961) * 1873 Robert P. Bass, 53rd Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1960) * 1875 Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (d. 1950) * 1877 Francis William Aston, British chemist (d. 1945) * 1878 Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg Gotha (d. 1942) * 1878 Tullio Serafin, Italian conductor (d. 1968) * 1883 Didier Pitre, French-Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1934) * 1884 Hilda Rix Nicholas, Australian artist (d. 1961) * 1884 Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and movie director (d. 1947) * 1886 Tarsila do Amaral, Brazilian painter (d. 1973) * 1886 Othmar Schreck, Swiss composer and conductor (d. 1957) * 1887 Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer and adventurer (d. 1961) * 1892 Leverett Saltonstall, 55th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1979) * 1893 Betty Blythe, American actress (d. 1972) * 1895 Engelbert Zaschka, German helicopter pioneer (d. 1955) * 1896 Simon Barere, Russian pianist (d. 1951) * 1898 Marilyn Miller, American tap dancer and musical singer (d. 1936) === 1901 1950 === * 1906 Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2002) * 1907 Walter Reuther, American labor union leader (d. 1970) * 1907 Miriam Seegar, American actress (d. 2011) * 1912 Gwynfor Evans, Welsh politician (d. 2005) * 1915 Ken Aston, English football referee (d. 2001) * 1916 Dorothy Cheney, American tennis player (d. 2014) * 1920 Richard Farnsworth, American actor (d. 2000) * 1922 Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian-American actress (d. 2007) * 1922 Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor and director (d. 2000) * 1923 Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969) * 1924 Hal Douglas, American voice actor (d. 2014) * 1924 Gustavo Bueno, Spanish philosopher (d. 2016) * 1925 Roy J. Glauber, American physicist (d. 2018) * 1925 Art Pepper, American saxophonist (d. 1982) * 1926 Abdur Rahman Biswas, former President of Bangladesh (d. 2017) * 1926 Gene Colan, American comic book artist (d. 2011) * 1926 Frank Morris, American criminal (missing since 1962) * 1926 Stanley Cavell, American philosopher (d. 2018) * 1926 Sam Pivnik, Polish Holocaust survivor and author (d. 2017) * 1928 George Maharis, American actor * 1929 Anne Ramsey, American actress (d. 1988) * 1930 Michel Serres, French philosopher (d. 2019) * 1930 Khem Singh Gill, Indian geneticist and plant breeder (d. 2019) * 1930 Charles Correa, Indian architect (d. 2015) * 1931 Boxcar Willie, American musician (d. 1999) * 1931 Javier Solís, Mexican singer (d. 1966) * 1931 Cecil Parkinson, British politician (d. 2016) * 1932 Derog Gioura, President of Nauru (d. 2008) * 1932 Sunny von Bülow, American socialite (d. 2008) * 1933 Ann Richards, American politician and Governor of Texas (d. 2006) * 1933 Conway Twitty, American singer and musician (d. 1993) * 1934 Léon Mébiame, former Prime Minister of Gabon * 1934 Terepai Maoate, Cook Islands politician (d. 2012) * 1935 Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor * 1936 Robert List, 24th Governor of Nevada * 1937 Afzal Ahsan Randhawa, Pakistani writer (d. 2017) * 1937 Allen Jones, British musician * 1937 Allen Weinstein, American historian and educator (d. 2015) * 1938 Alan Dershowitz, American lawyer and writer * 1938 Per Kirkeby, Danish painter, sculptor and poet (d. 2018) * 1939 Lily Tomlin, American actress and comedienne * 1939 Eoin Young, New Zealand journalist (d. 2014) * 1941 Julia Varady, German opera singer * 1942 António Lobo Antunes, Portuguese writer * 1942 C. J. Cherryh, American writer * 1943 Don Stroud, American actor * 1945 Mustafa Balel, Turkish writer * 1945 Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, Yemeni general, politician and President * 1946 Barry Gibb, British singer and musician (the Bee Gees) * 1946 David Greaves, British snooker player (d. 2019) * 1946 Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (d. 2009) * 1947 P. A. Sangma, Indian politician (d. 2016) * 1948 James Rebhorn, American actor (d. 2014) * 1949 Garry Maddox, American baseball player and sportscaster * 1949 Alasdair McDonnell, Irish politician * 1950 Phil McGraw (known as "Dr. Phil"), American talk show host * 1950 Nicu Ceausescu, Romanian politician (d. 1996) * 1950 Mikhail Fradkov, Russian politician === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Manuel Piñero, Spanish golfer * 1952 Brad Linaweaver, American writer (d. 2019) * 1954 Filip Vujanovic, Montenegrin President * 1955 Bruce Foxton, English bass player * 1955 Gerhard Strack, German footballer * 1956 Kim Jong-Hun, North Korean football coach * 1956 Vinnie Johnson, American basketball player * 1957 Gloria Estefan, Cuban- American singer * 1958 Armi Aavikko, Finnish singer (d. 2002) * 1960 Joseph Williams, American singer-songwriter (Toto) * 1961 Scott Bigelow, American professional wrestler (d. 2007) * 1961 Christopher Ferguson, American captain, pilot and astronaut * 1962 Ruud Gullit, Dutch footballer * 1962 Scott Ciencin, American novelist (d. 2014) * 1965 Craig McLachlan, Australian actor & singer * 1965 Tibor Simon, Hungarian footballer * 1966 Tim Hardaway, American basketball player * 1968 Mohamed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (d. 2001) * 1969 Henning Berg, Norwegian footballer * 1970 Padma Lakshmi, Indian-American actress and author * 1971 Hakan Sukur, Turkish footballer * 1971 Ricardo Antonio Chavira, American actor * 1971 Helena af Sandeberg, Swedish actress * 1971 Dave Wittenberg, South African-American voice actor and screenwriter * 1973 Ram Kapoor, Indian actor * 1973 Savo Milosevic, Serbian footballer * 1974 Jhonen Vasquez, American comic book artist * 1974 Yutaka Yamamoto, Japanese cartoonist and director * 1975 Scott Speedman, English-born actor === From 1976 === * 1976 Babydaddy, American singer-songwriter, musician and producer (Scissor Sisters) * 1976 Takashi Fukunishi, Japanese footballer * 1977 David Albelda, Spanish footballer * 1980 Sammy Adjei, Ghanaian footballer * 1981 Clinton Portis, American baseball player * 1982 Ryan Gomes, American basketball player * 1983 José Antonio Reyes, Spanish footballer (d. 2019) * 1984 Joe Trohman, American musician (Fall Out Boy) * 1986 Gaël Monfils, French tennis player * 1986 Stella Mwangi, Norwegian singer * 1987 Christian Traesch, German footballer * 1988 Chanel West Coast, American model, actress, rapper and singer-songwriter * 1989 Max Franz, Austrian skier * 1989 Bill & Tom Kaulitz, German singers * 1989 Jefferson Montero, Ecuadorean footballer * 1989 Daniel Sturridge, English footballer * 1990 Aisling Loftus, English actress * 1990 Mélanie René, Swiss singer * 1991 Irina Antonenko, Russian model * 1992 Kirani James, Grenadian sprinter * 1993 Ilona Mitrecey, French singer * 1994 Bianca Ryan, American singer * 1996 Zendaya, American actress, singer and dancer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1067 Baldwin of Flanders * 1159 Pope Adrian IV (b. 1100) * 1256 Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (b. 1218) * 1557 Jacques Cartier, French explorer (b. 1491) * 1574 Guru Amar Das, third Sikh Guru (b. 1479) * 1581 Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (b. 1534) * 1648 Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588) * 1678 Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1601) * 1715 King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638) * 1715 François Gilardon, French sculptor (b. 1628) * 1777 Johann Ernst Bach II, German poet (b. 1722) * 1838 William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770) * 1868 Ferenc Gyulay, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (b. 1798) === 1901 2000 === * 1906 Giuseppe Giacosa, Italian poet and playwright (b. 1847) * 1914 Martha, last Passenger Pigeon * 1943 Charles Atangana, Cameroonian chief (b. 1880) * 1945 Terry, American cairn terrier who starred in The Wizard of Oz (b. 1933) * 1953 Jacques Thibaud, French violinist (b. 1880) * 1957 Dennis Brain, English French horn player (b. 1921) * 1961 Eero Saarinen, Finnish architect and designer (b. 1910) * 1967 Ilse Koch, wife of Karl Koch, commandant of the concentration camp Buchenwald (b. 1906) * 1967 Siegfried Sassoon, English poet and writer (b. 1886) * 1969 Drew Pearson, American newspaper columnist (b. 1897) * 1970 François Mauriac, French writer (b. 1885) * 1977 Ethel Waters, American singer, actress (b. 1896) * 1981 Ann Harding, American actress and singer (b. 1901) * 1981 Albert Speer, Nazi official (b. 1905) * 1982 Wladyslaw Gomulka, Polish Communist leader (b. 1905) * 1983 Larry McDonald, United States Congressman (b. 1935) * 1983 Henry M. Jackson, Senator from Washington (b. 1912) * 1986 Murray Hamilton, American actor (b. 1923) * 1988 Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist (b. 1911) * 1989 Kazimierz Deyna, Polish footballer (b. 1947) * 1989 A. Bartlett Giamatti, American baseball commissioner (b. 1938) * 1990 Geir Hallgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1925) * 1997 Zoltan Czibor, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929) === From 2001 === * 2003 Sir Terry Frost, British artist (b. 1915) * 2004 Ahmed Kuftaro, Syrian religious leader (b. 1915) * 2006 Bob O'Connor, 57th Mayor of Pittsburgh (b. 1944) * 2008 Jerry Reed, American actor and musician (b. 1937) * 2008 Don LaFontaine, American voice actor (b. 1940) * 2009 Erich Kunzel, American conductor (b. 1935) * 2012 Hal David, American songwriter (b. 1921) * 2012 Smarck Michel, 6th Prime Minister of Haiti (b. 1937) * 2013 Tommy Morrison, American boxer (b. 1969) * 2013 Ole Ernst, Danish actor (b. 1940) * 2014 Mark Gil, Filipino actor (b. 1961) * 2014 Maya Rao, Indian dancer (b. 1928) * 2014 Gottfried John, German actor (b. 1942) * 2014 Elena Varzi, Italian actress (b. 1926) * 2014 A. J. Langguth, American historian and journalist (b. 1933) * 2014 Mary T. Clark, American academic and civil rights advocate (b. 1913) * 2014 Joseph Shivers, American textile chemist (b. 1920) * 2015 Gurgen Dalibaltayan, Armenian colonel-general (b. 1926) * 2015 Antonio Nirta, Italian criminal (b. 1919) * 2015 Dean Jones, American actor (b. 1931) * 2015 Boomer Castleman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945) * 2015 Will Provine, American biologist and historian (b. 1942) * 2015 Ben Kuroki, American air force gunner (b. 1917) * 2016 Jon Polito, American actor (b. 1950) * 2016 Kacey Jones, American singer-songwriter (b. 1950) * 2017 Shelley Berman, American comedian and actor (b. 1925) * 2017 Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond, British peer (b. 1929) * 2017 Peadar Lamb, Irish actor (b. 1930) * 2017 Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, English cardinal (b. 1932) * 2017 Gin D. Wong, Chinese-born American architect (b. 1922) * 2018 Irving Petlin, American artist (b. 1934) * 2018 Margit Sandemo, Norwegian-Swedish author (b. 1924) * 2018 Tarun Sagar, Indian Jain monk (b. 1967) * 2018 Randy Weston, American jazz pianist and composer (b. 1926) * 2018 Ehsan Yarshater, Iranian historian (b. 1920) * 2019 Kenneth Baugh, Jamaican politician (b. 1941) * 2019 Alison Cheek, Australian-American religious leader (b. 1927) * 2019 Alberto Goldman, Brazilian politician (b. 1937) * 2019 William J. Larkin Jr., American politician (b. 1928) * 2019 Katherine MacLean, American science fiction writer (b. 1925) * 2019 Jukka Virtanen, Finnish television presenter, film director, screenwriter and songwriter (b. 1933) == Observances == * Constitution Day in Slovakia * Independence Day in Uzbekistan * Armed Struggle for Independence (Eritrea) * Knowledge Day (Russia) * Disaster Prevention Day (Japan) * Revolution Day in Libya (1969 – 2010) September 01