Title: October 11 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 1138 1138 Aleppo earthquake: A massive earthquake destroys much of Aleppo, Syria. * 1142 A peace treaty between the Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty is formally ratified when a Jin Dynasty envoy arrives at the Song court. * 1531 Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland. * 1634 A flood disaster kills 15,000 people in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany. * 1649 After a 10-day siege, the English New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell storms the town of Wexford, Ireland - 2,000 Irish troops and 1,500 civilians are killed. * 1727 King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned king and queen. * 1737 Calcutta is struck by an earthquake, killing around 300,000 people. * 1746 War of Austrian Succession: The French defeat an army consisiting of Austrians, Dutch and British troops. * 1767 Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line, separating Maryland and Pennsylvania, is completed. * 1776 American War of Independence: In the Battle of Valcou, British forces destroy most United States Navy ships. * 1797 French Revolutionary Wars: The Royal Navy captures eleven Dutch Navy ships without any losses in the Battle of Camperdown. * 1809 Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies in mysterious circumstances. * 1833 A big demonstration at the gates of the legislature of Buenos Aires forces the ousting of governor Juan Ramon Balcarce and his replacement with Juan Jose Viamonte. * 1852 The University of Sydney, Australia is inaugurated. * 1864 Campina Grande, Brazil becomes a city. * 1890 In Washington, DC, the group Daughters of the American Revolution is founded. * 1899 The Second Boer War erupts between the United Kingdom and the Boers of Transvaal and the Orange Free State in present-day South Africa. === 1901 2000 === * 1906 The San Francisco school board orders Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools (different schools from White American students), sparking a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan. * 1910 Former President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to fly in an airplane. * 1912 First Balkan War: The Greek army liberates the city of Kozani. * 1918 The San Fermin earthquake hits Puerto Rico. * 1941 Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia. * 1942 World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance - In northwest Guadalcanal, US troops intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island. * 1949 Wilhelm Pieck is elected the first, and only, President of East Germany. * 1954 Frist Indochina War: The Viet Minh takes control of North Vietnam. * 1957 M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik's booster rocket's orbit. * 1958 NASA launches the Pioneer 1 lunar probe, which falls back to Earth and burns up. * 1963 West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, aged 87, submits his resignation. * 1968 NASA launches the Apollo 7 mission; Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham on board. * 1975 Saturday Night Live is first broadcast. * 1982 The Tudor warship Mary Rose, which sank in 1545, is salvaged near Portsmouth, England. * 1984 On board the Space Shuttle Challenger, Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a spacewalk. * 1984 An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-54 airplane crashes into maintenance vehicles in Omsk, Siberia, killing 178 people. * 1986 Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan meet for talks in Reykjavik, Iceland. * 1987 German politician Uwe Barschel is found dead in his hotel room in Geneva, Switzerland. * 1996 A wood lorry and a school bus collide in Jogeva County, Estonia, killing 8 children. * 2000 The 100th Space Shuttle mission launches, with the Space Shuttle Discovery. === From 2001 === * 2002 7 people are killed in a bomb attack on a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland. * 2006 A small aircraft piloted by baseball player Cory Lidle crashes into a residential building (a building where people live) in New York City, killing both Lidle and his flight instructor, with 21 people being injured. * 2008 Austrian far-right politician Jörg Haider is killed in a car crash. * 2012 The UN designates this the first International Day of the Girl Child. * 2013 The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the Nobel Peace Prize, the second time in a row that an organization has won the prize outright. * 2013 At least 30 people die when a boat carrying them from North Africa gets into trouble off Lampedusa, in the Mediterranean Sea, just over a week after over 300 people are killed in a similar accident there. * 2014 Charles Michel becomes Prime Minister of Belgium, replacing Elio Di Rupo. * 2019 Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed wins the Nobel Peace Prize. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1335 Taejo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1408) * 1616 Andreas Gryphius, German poet (d. 1664) * 1661 Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (d. 1742) * 1671 King Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730) * 1672 Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian diplomat (d. 1742) * 1675 Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729) * 1738 Arthur Phillip, British admiral, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814) * 1739 Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader and statesman (d. 1791) * 1755 Fausto Elhuyar, Spanish chemist (d. 1833) * 1758 Hermann Wilhelm Olbers, German physician and astronomer (d. 1840) * 1788 Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (d. 1867) * 1806 Alexander Karadordevic, Prince of Serbia (d. 1886) * 1814 Jean Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1888) * 1815 Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte, Italian-born adventurer (d. 1881) * 1821 George Williams, English founder of the YMCA (d. 1905) * 1844 Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (d. 1916) * 1846 Carlos Pellegrini, President of Argentina (d. 1906) * 1863 Louis Cyr, famous Canadian strongman (d. 1912) * 1865 Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (d. 1926) * 1871 Johan Oscar Smith, Norwegian religious leader (d. 1943) * 1872 Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946) * 1872 Emily Davison, British Women's Rights activist (d. 1913) * 1876 Paul Masson, French cyclist (d. 1944) * 1879 Ernst Mally, Austrian philosopher (d. 1944) * 1881 Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist * 1881 Lewis Fry Richardson, British meteorologist (d. 1953) * 1884 Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949) * 1884 Eleanor Roosevelt, American human rights activist, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962) * 1884 Sig Ruman, American actor (d. 1967) * 1885 François Mauriac, French writer (d. 1970) * 1885 Alfred Haar, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1933) * 1887 Willie Hoppe, American billiards champion (d. 1959) * 1891 Kim Seong-Su, Korean journalist and politician (d. 1955) * 1895 Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (d. 1982) * 1899 Eddie Dyer, American baseball player (d. 1964) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1979) * 1905 Jean-Marie Villot, French cardinal (d. 1979) * 1905 Fred Trump, American businessman, father of Donald Trump (d. 1999) * 1911 Juan Carlos Zabala, Argentine long-distance runner (d. 1983) * 1913 Joe Simon, American comic book artist and writer (d. 2011) * 1918 Jerome Robbins, choreographer (d. 1998) * 1919 Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990) * 1919 Kader Firoud, Algerian footballer (d. 2005) * 1919 Jean Vander Pyl, voice of Wilma Flintstone in The Flintstones cartoon (d. 1999). * 1920 James Aloysius Hickey, American cardinal (d. 2004) * 1920 Edgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (d. 2012) * 1924 Mal Whitfield, American runner (d. 2015) * 1925 Elmore Leonard, American novelist (d. 2013) * 1926 Jean Alexander, English actress (d. 2016) * 1926 Thich Nhat Wanh, Vietnamese author, monk and poet * 1926 Neville Wran, former Premier of New South Wales (d. 2014) * 1927 Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (d. 2005) * 1927 William Perry, former United States Secretary of Defense * 1927 Jim Prior, English politician (d. 2016) * 1928 Marquis Alfonso de Portago, Grand Prix driver (d. 1957) * 1929 Curtis Amy, American saxophonist (d. 2002) * 1929 Raymond Moriyama, Canadian architect * 1929 Liselotte Pulver, Swiss actress * 1930 Ronnie Simpson, Scottish footballer (d. 2004) * 1932 Dottie West, country music singer (d. 1991) * 1936 C. Gordon Fullerton, American astronaut (d. 2013) * 1937 Bobby Charlton, English footballer * 1937 Jaan Kundla, Estonian politician * 1939 Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player (d. 2018) * 1940 Pouri Banayi, Iranian actress * 1942 Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, singer, producer, UNICEF Ambassador. * 1942 Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, British academic and politician * 1943 John Nettles, British actor * 1943 Ilmar Reepalu, Swedish politician * 1946 Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast * 1946 Oba Chandler, American convicted murderer (d. 2011) * 1947 Lucas Papademos, Greek economist and former Prime Minister of Greece * 1947 Al Atkins, English singer-songwriter (Judas Priest) * 1948 Cecilia, Spanish singer (d. 1976) * 1948 Peter Turkson, Ghanaian cardinal * 1949 Daryl Hall, musician * 1950 Robert Pugh, Welsh actor === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Jean-Jacques Goldman, French pop singer, songwriter * 1951 Kim Ja-ok, South Korean actress (d. 2014) * 1951 Charles Shyer, American director, producer and writer * 1953 David Morse, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter * 1955 Hans-Peter Briegel, German footballer * 1956 Nicanor Duarte Frutos, former President of Paraguay * 1957 Dawn French, British comedienne * 1958 Gregory Dudek, Canadian computer scientist and academic * 1959 Allan Little, Scottish BBC correspondent * 1961 Steve Young, American football player * 1962 Joan Cusack, American actress * 1962 Andy McCoy, Finnish-Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer * 1963 Jordi Villacampa, Spanish basketball player * 1963 Prince Faisal bin Al- Hussein of Jordan * 1963 Ronny Rosenthal, Israeli footballer * 1965 Sean Patrick Flanery, American actor * 1965 Juan Ignacio Cirac, Spanish physicist * 1966 Luke Perry, American actor (d. 2019) * 1966 Todd Snider, American singer- songwriter and guitarist * 1967 Daniel Razon, Filipino TV host, singer and minister * 1968 Claude Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player * 1969 Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands * 1969 Merieme Chadid, Moroccan astronomer * 1972 Cherokee Parks, American basketball player * 1973 Steven Pressley, Scottish footballer * 1975 Orlando Maturana, Colombian footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 Emily Deschanel, American actress * 1976 Dominic Aitchison, Scottish bass player and songwriter * 1976 Raivo Kotov, Estonian architect * 1976 Claudia Black, Australian actress * 1977 Ty Wigginton, American baseball player * 1979 Bae Doona, South Korean model and actress * 1979 Andy Douglas, American professional wrestler * 1980 Juan José Ribera, Chilean footballer * 1981 Beau Brady, Australian actor * 1982 Jermaine V. Mitchell, Rap musician * 1983 Bradley James, British actor * 1983 Ruslan Ponomariov, Ukrainian chess player * 1985 Michelle Trachtenberg, actress * 1985 Alvaro Fernandez, Uruguayan footballer * 1985 Margaret Berger, Norwegian singer * 1987 Mike Conley, Jr., American basketball player * 1988 Cinthia Fernandez, Argentine acrobat-dancer, actress and model * 1988 Omar Gonzalez, American soccer player * 1988 Seamus Coleman, Irish footballer * 1989 Michelle Wie, American golfer * 1991 Jack Garratt, English singer and songwriter * 1992 Cardi B, American rapper * 1992 Emilia Bottas, Finnish swimmer * 1993 Sean Murray, Irish footballer * 2001 Daniel Maldini, Italian footballer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1188 Robert I, Count of Dreux (b. 1123) * 1303 Pope Boniface VIII * 1347 Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282) * 1424 Jan Zizka, Czech general (b. 1360) * 1531 Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (b. 1484) * 1705 Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663) * 1708 Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician, physicist and physician and philosopher (d. 1651) * 1779 Casimir Pulaski, Polish fighter for American independence (b. 1745) * 1809 Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (suicide) (b. 1774) * 1811 Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724) * 1813 Robert Kerr, Scottish physician, writer and zoologist (b. 1757) * 1830 José de La Mar, President of Peru (b. 1778) * 1852 Ferdinand Eisenstein, mathematician (b. 1823) * 1889 James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818) * 1896 Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824) * 1896 Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829) === 1901 2000 === * 1915 Jean-Henri Fabre, French writer, poet and naturalist (b. 1823) * 1916 King Otto of Bavaria (b. 1848) * 1940 Lluís Companys, Spanish President of Generalitat of Catalonia, (shot) (b. 1882) * 1940 Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860) * 1961 Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887) * 1963 Édith Piaf, French singer (b. 1915) * 1963 Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889) * 1965 Dorothea Lange, American photographer (b. 1895) * 1965 Walther Stampfli, Swiss politician (b. 1884) * 1971 Tamanoumi Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1944) * 1976 Alfredo Bracchi, Italian writer (b. 1897) * 1977 MacKinlay Kantor, American writer (b. 1904) * 1987 Uwe Barschel, German politician (b. 1944) * 1989 M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (b. 1904) * 1991 Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1902) * 1993 Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927) * 1996 Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (b. 1907) * 1996 Renato Russo, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940) * 1998 Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914) * 2000 Donald Dewar, main writer of the Scotland Act and initial First Minister of the Scottish Parliament (b. 1937) === From 2001 === * 2003 Edward Breathitt, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1924) * 2004 Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (b. 1919) * 2005 Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and Prime Minister-in-exile (b. 1915) * 2006 Cory Lidle, American baseball player (b. 1972) * 2007 Werner von Trapp, one of the von Trapp family singers (b. 1915) * 2007 Sri Chinmoy, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1931) * 2008 Jörg Haider, Austrian far-right politician (car crash) (b. 1950) * 2012 Helmut Haller, German footballer (b. 1939) * 2012 Edgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (b. 1920) * 2013 María de Villota, Spanish racing driver (b. 1980) * 2013 Erich Priebke, German Nazi war criminal (b. 1913) * 2014 Carmelo Simeone, Argentine footballer (b. 1933) * 2014 Tanhum Cohen-Mintz, Israeli basketball player (b. 1939) * 2015 Steve Mackay, American saxophonist (b. 1949) * 2016 Patricia Barry, American actress (b. 1922) * 2017 James R. Ford, American politician (b. 1925) * 2017 Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (b. 1926) * 2018 Doug Ellis, English businessman (b. 1924) * 2018 Labinot Harbuzi, Swedish footballer (b. 1986) * 2018 Dieter Kemper, German cyclist (b. 1937) * 2018 Pran Nevile, Indian art historian (b. 1922) * 2018 Yoshito Sengoku, Japanese politician (b. 1946) * 2018 Hege Skjeie, Norwegian political scientist and columnist (b. 1955) * 2018 Greg Stafford, American game designer (b. 1948) * 2018 Hebe Uhart, Argentine novelist and columnist (b. 1936) * 2019 Sam Bobrick, American television writer (b. 1932) * 2019 Robert Forster, American actor (b. 1941) * 2019 John Giorno, American poet and performance artist (b. 1936) * 2019 Kadri Gopalnath, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1949) * 2019 Alexei Leonov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1934) * 2020 Hugo Arana, Argentine actor and comedian (b. 1943) * 2020 Harold Betters, American jazz trombonist (b. 1928) * 2020 Gary F. Jones, American racehorse trainer (b. 1944) * 2020 Terry McBrayer, American politician (b. 1937) * 2020 Ilya Moiseev, Russian chemist (b. 1929) * 2020 Joe Morgan, American baseball player (b. 1943) * 2020 John A. Ruthven, American wildlife artist (b. 1924) ==Observances== * International Day of the Girl Child * National Coming Out Day in some countries * Revolution Day (Republic of Macedonia) * Old Michaelmas (Christianity) Category:Days of the year