Title: September 14 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * AD 81 Domitian becomes Roman Emperor. * 1180 Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan. * 1509 Constantinople is hit by an earthquake, killing 13,000. * 1515 After the Battle of Marignano and defeat to French forces, Switzerland declares itself 'for ever' neutral. * 1741 George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah. * 1752 The British Empire adopts the Gregorian Calendar. In the change, the dates from September 3 to September 13 are missed out. * 1763 Seneca warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Devil's Hole, during Pontiac's War. * 1791 The Papal States lose Avignon to France. * 1808 Finnish War: Russian forces defeat Swedish ones in the Battle of Oravais. * 1812 Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. * 1814 The poem Defense of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used for the words in The Star-Spangled Banner. * 1829 The Russo-Turkish War ends. * 1846 Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese Royal Court. * 1847 Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City. * 1856 Battle of San Jacinto in Nicaragua. * 1862 American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought. * 1897 Battleship SMS Kaiser Wilhelm II is launched. === 1900 2000 === * 1901 President of the United States William McKinley dies more than one week after being shot by Leon Czolgosz. He is succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt, who becomes the 26th President of the United States. * 1917 Russia is officially proclaimed a Republic. * 1923 Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain. * 1939 World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzel in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify taking over Estonia. * 1940 The Hungarian army, supported by local Hungarians, kills 158 Romanian civilians in Ip, Salay, Transylvania. * 1944 World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by the Allies. * 1954 In a top-secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40-kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village. * 1958 The first two Post-World War II German rockets, designed by engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere. * 1959 The Soviet Lunik 2 probe crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man- made object to reach the Moon. * 1960 The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded. * 1960 With CIA help, Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power from Patrice Lumumba in the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, suspending the parliament and constitution. * 1973 The Gauja National Park is founded in present-day Latvia. * 1975 Rembrandt van Rijn's painting, The Night Watch, is attacked and damaged by a man with a knife at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. * 1975 The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI. * 1979 President of Afghanistan Nur Muhammad Taraki is deposed and killed on the orders of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes President. * 1982 Lebanese President-elect Bachir Gemayel is shot dead. * 1982 Grace Kelly dies after becoming seriously injured in a car crash. * 1984 Joe Kittinger flies a hot-air balloon across the Atlantic Ocean, becoming the first person to do so. * 1985 The Penang Bridge, connecting the island of Penang to mainland Malaysia, is opened. * 1987 Baseball: The Toronto Blue Jays set a record for the most home runs in a single game, hitting 10 of them. * 1988 Hurricane Gilbert hits Mexico. * 1990 Start of the Human Genome Project. * 1992 The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the break-away Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to be illegal. * 1994 The Major League Baseball season is cancelled because of a strike. * 1999 Kiribati, Tonga and Nauru join the United Nations. * 2000 Microsoft releases Windows ME. === From 2001 === * 2003 Estonia approves EU membership. * 2003 In a coup in Guinea-Bissau, Kumba Iala is removed from power by Verissimo Correia Seabra, who takes measures towards democratisation of the country. * 2007 British bank Northern Rock experiences the first Bank Run in the UK for 150 years. * 2008 Sebastian Vettel becomes the youngest Formula One driver to win a Grand Prix. * 2008 Aeroflot Flight 821 crashes on approach to Perm Airport, Russia, killing all 88 people on board. * 2014 Sweden's parliamentary election ends with the Social Democrats under Stefan Löfven as the largest party. * 2015 Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott loses a vote of confidence within the Liberal Party. Malcolm Turnbull becomes the 29th Prime Minister of Australia the next day. * 2015 The first observation of gravitational waves is made. * 2017 A series of bomb attacks near Nasiriyah, Iraq, results in 84 deaths. * 2018 Hurricane Florence, downgraded to a tropical storm, hits the states of North and South Carolina on the east coast of the United States. * 2019 An attack in Saudi Arabia affects 5% of the world's oil supply. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 208 Diadumenian, son of Roman Emperor Macrinus (d. 218) * 1169 Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1183) * 1388 Claudius Clavus, Danish geographer (d. 1438) * 1486 Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist (d. 1535) * 1543 Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit (d. 1615) * 1547 Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619) * 1580 Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (d. 1645) * 1605 Brynjólfur Sveinsson, Icelandic bishop (d. 1675) * 1713 Johann Kies, German mathematician (d. 1781) * 1721 Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman and judge (d. 1807) * 1737 Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806) * 1760 Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (d. 1842) * 1769 Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer (d. 1859) * 1774 Lord William Bentinck, British Governor-General of India (d. 1839) * 1783 Henry Johnson, Governor of Louisiana (d. 1864) * 1817 Theodor Storm, German writer (d. 1888) * 1817 Archduke Stephen, Palatine of Hungary (d. 1867) * 1827 Hermann Krone, German photographer (d. 1916) * 1836 Alfred B. Swineford, American politician (d. 1909) * 1837 Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903) * 1847 William Edward Ayton, British physicist (d. 1908) * 1849 Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist, psychologist & physician (d. 1936) * 1853 Ponnambayalam Arunachalam, Ceylon Tamil statesman (d. 1924) * 1859 Janis Cakste, 1st President of Latvia (d. 1927) * 1860 Hamlin Garland, American author and poet (d. 1940) * 1864 Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, British diplomat (d. 1958) * 1867 Charles Dana Gibson, American illustrator (d. 1944) * 1868 Theodor Botrel, French singer-songwriter and playwright (d. 1925) * 1878 Ion Dragoumis, Greek diplomat, writer and revolutionary (d. 1920) * 1879 Margaret Sanger, American birth control activist (d. 1966) * 1880 Archie Hahn, German-American runner (d. 1955) * 1886 Jan Masaryk, Czech diplomat (d. 1948) * 1887 Paul Kochanski, Polish violinist and composer (d. 1934) * 1889 Maria Esther de Capovilla, Ecuadorean supercentenarian, World's oldest woman (d. 2006) * 1891 Ivan Mitveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (d. 1983) * 1895 Robert A. Lovett, American politician (d. 1986) * 1898 Ernest Nash, German-born archaeologist (d. 1974) * 1898 Okey L. Patteson, Governor of West Virginia (d. 1989) * 1899 Hal B. Wallis, American movie producer (d. 1986) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Alex James, Scottish footballer (d. 1953) * 1901 Andrey Vlasov, Russian general (d. 1946) * 1902 Nikolay Kamov, Russian engineer (d. 1973) * 1902 Giorgos Papasideris, Greek musician (d. 1977) * 1902 Alice Tully, American music promoter and philanthropist (d. 1993) * 1907 Solomon Asch, Polish-born American psychologist (d. 1996) * 1907 Edel Quinn, Irish missionary (d. 1944) * 1909 Peter Scott, British naturalist and explorer (d. 1989) * 1909 Stuff Smith, American jazz violinist (d. 1967) * 1910 Jack Hawkins, British actor (d. 1973) * 1912 Eduard von Falz-Fein, Russian-Liechtensteiner businessman, journalist and sportsman (d. 2018) * 1913 Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971) * 1913 Severino Varela, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1995) * 1914 Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999) * 1914 Pietro Germi, Italian movie director, screenwriter, actor and producer (d. 1995) * 1915 John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014) * 1916 Eric Bentley, English-American critic, playwright and singer * 1916 Luis Corvalán, Chilean Communist politician (d. 2010) * 1917 Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss conductor and violinist (d. 2002) * 1917 Ettore Sottsass, Italian architect and designer (d. 2007) * 1919 Gil Langley, Australian cricketer, footballer and politician (d. 2001) * 1920 Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer (d. 2009) * 1920 Lawrence Klein, American economist (d. 2013) * 1922 Zizinho, Brazilian footballer (d. 2002) * 1923 Ram Jethmalani, Indian lawyer (d. 2019) * 1924 Jerry Coleman, American baseball player (d. 2014) * 1924 Wim Polak, Mayor of Amsterdam (d. 1999) * 1924 Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and writer (d. 2004) * 1926 Richard Ellsasser, American concert organist, composer and conductor (d. 1972) * 1926 Michel Butor, French writer (d. 2016) * 1926 Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco, Spanish noblewoman (d. 2017) * 1927 Jim Fanning, American-Canadian baseball player and manager (d. 2015) * 1927 Edmund Szoka, American cardinal (d. 2014) * 1928 Alberto Korda, Cuban photographer (d. 2001) * 1928 Angus Ogilvy, British royal (d. 2004) * 1929 Ferdinand Oyono, Cameroonian writer (d. 2010) * 1929 Larry Collins, American writer (d. 2005) * 1929 Hans Clarin, German actor (d. 2005) * 1930 George V. Hansen, American politician (d. 2014) * 1930 Eugene I. Gordon, American physicist (d. 2014) * 1932 Harry Sinden, Canadian ice hockey player * 1934 Sarah Kofman, French philosopher (d. 1994) * 1934 Kate Millett, American sculptor, activist and writer (d. 2017) * 1935 Amanda Barrie, British actress * 1936 Walter Koenig, American actor * 1936 Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist * 1936 Lucas Samaras, Greek- American painter and sculptor * 1937 Renzo Piano, Italian architect * 1940 Larry Brown, American basketball player and coach * 1940 Jacques Godin, Canadian movie and television actor * 1942 Bernard MacLaverty, Northern Irish writer * 1943 Marcos Valle, Brazilian singer and musician * 1944 Günter Netzer, German footballer * 1947 Sam Neill, New Zealand actor * 1949 Steve Gaines, guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977) * 1949 Ed King, guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2018) * 1950 Eugene H. Trinh, Vietnamese-American astronaut === 1951 1975 === * 1953 Robert Wisdom, American actor * 1956 Kostas Karamanlis, former Prime Minister of Greece * 1956 Maxime Verhagen, Dutch politician * 1956 Ray Wilkins, English footballer (d. 2018) * 1958 Billy Abercromby, Scottish footballer * 1959 Morten Harket, Norwegian musician (a-ha) * 1960 Callum Keith Rennie, English-Canadian actor * 1960 Melissa Leo, American actress * 1964 Faith Ford, American actress * 1964 Stephen Dunham, American actor (d. 2012) * 1965 Mariana Briski, Argentine actress (d. 2014) * 1965 Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister, and former President, of Russia * 1966 Catherine West, English politician * 1967 Jens Lien, Norwegian director, producer and screenwriter * 1968 Grant Shapps, English politician * 1971 Kimberly Williams-Paisley, American actress * 1971 Andre Matos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and author * 1971 Christopher McCulloch, American voice actor, director and writer * 1972 Marc Silk, English voice actor * 1973 Nas, American rapper * 1974 Sunday Oliseh, Nigerian footballer * 1974 Hicham El- Guerrouj, Moroccan athlete === From 1976 === * 1977 Yang Yang, Chinese ice skater * 1977 Malik Bendjelloul, Swedish filmmaker and actor (d. 2014) * 1977 Alexsandro de Souza, Brazilian footballer * 1978 Carmen Kass, Estonian model * 1979 Ivica Olic, Croatian footballer * 1980 Hip Hop Pantsula, South African rapper (d. 2018) * 1980 Ivan Radeljic, Croatian-Bosnian footballer * 1981 Yumi Adachi, Japanese actress, model and singer * 1981 Ashley Roberts, American singer, dancer and actress (Pussycat Dolls) * 1983 Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (d. 2011) * 1983 Arash Borhani, Iranian footballer * 1984 Lethal Bizzle, English rapper * 1984 Adam Lamberg, American actor * 1984 Fernanda Vasconcellos, Brazilian actress and model * 1986 Ai Takahashi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) * 1986 Tinchy Stryder, English rapper and singer * 1986 Steven Naismith, Scottish footballer * 1986 Jonathan Monaghan, American artist and animator * 1988 Martin Fourcade, French biathlete * 1988 Kirsten Haglund, American model * 1989 Logan Henderson, American singer- songwriter and actor * 1989 Jesse James, American actor * 1989 Lee Jong-suk, South Korean actor and model * 1989 Jimmy Butler, American basketball player * 1990 Cecilie Pedersen, Norwegian footballer * 1991 Nana, South Korean singer * 1994 Daniel O'Shaughnessy, Finnish footballer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 23 Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Tiberius (b. 13 BC) * 258 Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage * 407 John Chrysostom, Byzantine archbishop (b. 347) * 585 Emperor Bidatsu of Japan (b. 538) * 775 Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718) * 891 Pope Stephen V * 1164 Emperor Sutoku of Japan (b. 1119) * 1214 Albert Avogadro, Italian lawyer and bishop (b. 1149) * 1321 Dante Alighieri, Italian writer (b. 1265) * 1404 Albert IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1377) * 1435 John, Duke of Bedford, regent of England (b. 1389) * 1523 Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459) * 1538 Henry III of Nassau-Breda (b. 1483) * 1605 Jan Tarnowski, Polish archbishop (b. 1550) * 1638 John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607) * 1712 Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-born astronomer (b. 1625) * 1759 Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (b. 1712) * 1836 Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756) * 1851 James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (b. 1789) * 1852 Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1769) * 1852 Augustus Pugin, English architect (b. 1812) * 1862 Charles Pearson, British social reformer (b. 1793) * 1898 William Seward Burroughs, American inventor (b. 1857) === 1901 2000 === * 1901 William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (b. 1843) * 1905 Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Italian-French explorer (b. 1852) * 1916 José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer (b. 1832) * 1927 Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877) * 1936 Irving Thalberg, American movie producer (b. 1899) * 1936 Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Russian-American pianist and conductor (b. 1878) * 1937 Tomas Masaryk, Czech politician (b. 1850) * 1951 Fritz Busch, German conductor (b. 1890) * 1952 John McPhee, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1874) * 1965 Lydia Mei, Estonian artist (b. 1896) * 1966 Nikolay Cherkasov, Soviet actor (b. 1903) * 1966 Gertrude Berg, American actress (b. 1899) * 1970 Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (b. 1891) * 1975 Walter Herbert, German conductor and impresario (b. 1902) * 1977 Shogo Kamo, Japanese footballer (b. 1915) * 1979 Nur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (b. 1917) * 1982 Kristjan Eldjarn, 3rd President of Iceland (b. 1916) * 1982 Bachir Gemayel, Lebanese politician (b. 1947) * 1982 Grace Kelly, American actress, Princess of Monaco (b. 1929) * 1984 Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1903) * 1995 Maurice K. Goddard, American state government official (b. 1912) * 1996 Juliet Prowse, British actress and dancer (b. 1937) * 1998 Yang Shangkun, Chinese leader (b. 1907) * 1999 Charles Crichton, British movie director (b. 1910) * 2000 Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (b. 1906) === From 2001 === * 2001 Stelios Kazantzidis, Greek singer (b. 1931) * 2003 Yetunde Price, sister of Venus and Serena Williams (b. 1972) * 2005 Robert Wise, American movie director and producer (b. 1914) * 2006 Mickey Hargitay, Hungarian actor and bodybuilder (b. 1926) * 2007 Jacques Martin, French television host and producer (b. 1933) * 2009 Patrick Swayze, American actor (b. 1952) * 2009 Keith Floyd, British chef (b. 1943) * 2011 Rudolf Mössbauer, German physicist (b. 1929) * 2012 Stephen Dunham, American actor (b. 1964) * 2014 Tony Auth, American cartoonist (b. 1942) * 2014 Miroslav Hlinka, Slovakian ice hockey player (b. 1972) * 2014 Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia, Head of the House of Romanov (b. 1922) * 2014 Angus Lennie, Scottish actor (b. 1930) * 2014 Boris Khimichev, Russian actor (b. 1933) * 2014 Assheton Gorton, British production designer (b. 1930) * 2014 Philip Somerville, English milliner (hat maker) (b. 1930) * 2015 Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Romanian politician, journalist and writer (b. 1949) * 2015 Fred DeLuca, American businessman, co-founder of Subway (b. 1947) * 2015 Adam Purple, American environmental activist (b. 1930) * 2017 Arnold Chan, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1967) * 2017 Marcel Herriot, French bishop (b. 1934) * 2017 Otto Wanz, Austrian professional wrestler (b. 1943) * 2018 Alan Abel, American comedian and writer (b. 1924) * 2018 Max Bennett, American jazz bassist (b. 1928) * 2018 Anneke Grönloh, Dutch singer (b. 1942) * 2018 Zienia Merton, British actress (b. 1945) * 2018 Branko Grünbaum, Yugoslavian-American mathematician (b. 1929) * 2019 John Ralston, American football player and coach (b. 1927) == Observances == * Hindi Day (India) * Day of San Jacinto (Nicaragua) * Christian Feast of the Cross Category:Days of the year