Title: January 24 Content: ==Events== === Up to 1900 === * 41 – Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar (Caligula), known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, was assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards. * 1438 – Pope Eugenius IV was suspended by the Council of Basel. * 1458 – Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary. * 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Puka-Puka Islands in the Tuamotu Archipelago, Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean. * 1624 – Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. * 1679 – King Charles II of England disbands Parliament. * 1742 – Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. * 1758 - Seven Years' War: The leading burghers of Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad) submit to Elizabeth of Russia, forming Russian Prussia (until 1763). * 1772 - France takes control of the Crozet Islands in the Indian Ocean. * 1817 - Crossing of the Andes: Many soldiers of Juan Gregorio de las Heras are captured in the Action Pichenta. * 1835 - Slaves in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, stage a revolt which is instrumental in ending slavery there 50 years later. * 1848 – California gold rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento. * 1857 - The University of Calcutta is founded. * 1862 - Bucharest becomes the capital city of Romania. * 1888 – Jacob L. Wortman patents the typewriter ribbon. === 1901 2000 === * 1908 – Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement. * 1916 – In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax constitutional. * 1918 – A decree of the Council of People's Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia from February 1, issued * 1922 – Christian K. Nelson patents the Eskimo Pie. * 1924 – St. Petersburg, Russia is renamed Leningrad. * 1927 – Young director Alfred Hitchcock releases his first movie, The Pleasure Garden, in England. * 1936 – Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister of France. * 1939 - Chillan, in Chile, is hit by a deadly earthquake. * 1942 - World War II: The Allies bomb Bangkok, leading to Thailand declaring war on the United Kingdom and United States. * 1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca. * 1945 – Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland is liberated by Soviet troops. * 1946 - The United Nations General Assembly passes its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. * 1947 - Dimitrios Maximos becomes Prime Minister of Greece. * 1952 – Vincent Massey sworn in as first Canada-born Governor-General of Canada. * 1960 - Algerian War: Some units of European volunteers in Algiers stage an insurrection known as "barricades week", during which they seize government buildings and clash with local police. * 1961 - A bomber carrying two hydrogen bombs breaks up in mid-air over North Carolina. * 1962 – Brian Epstein signs to manage The Beatles. * 1962 - 28 people manage to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin through a tunnel. * 1966 – An Air India Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy, killing 117 * 1972 – Shoichi Yokoi, a Japanese soldier, is discovered on Guam, where he was hiding in a cave since 1944. * 1976 - An earthquake kills 3,850 people in Turkey. * 1977 - Massacre of Atochi in Madrid. * 1978 - Soviet satellite Cosmos 954, with nuclear weapons on board, burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories. * 1982 – Super Bowl XVI: San Francisco 49ers defeat the Cincinnati Bengals, 26-21 in the first Super Bowl played north of the Mason–Dixon line * 1984 – The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale. * 1986 – Voyager 2 passes within 50,679 miles of Uranus. * 1987 – In Lebanon, gunmen kidnap Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill and Mitheleshwar Singh. * 1989 – Serial killer Ted Bundy is executed in Florida's electric chair. * 1990 - Japan launches Hiten, its first lunar probe. * 1993 - Turkish journalist and writer Ugur Mumcu is killed by a car bomb in Ankara. * 1995 – The prosecution delivers its opening statement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial. * 1996 – Polish Premier Jozef Oleksy resigns amid charges he spied for Moscow. === From 2001 === * 2001 – The last two of the Texas 7 are taken into custody in Colorado Springs, Colorado. * 2002 – Enron congressional hearings begin. * 2002 – Terrorist suspect John Walker Lindh's hearing begins. * 2002 – The United States Department of Justice indicts Robert Nicholas Angleton for conspiring to murder his wife, Doris Angleton, along with his brother Roger. * 2003 – The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation. * 2009 - The storm Klaus makes landfall in Bordeaux, France, on the way to causing large destruction and 26 deaths. * 2011 - A bombing at Domodedovo Airport in Moscow kills 35 people. * 2015 - An attack by Russian-backed rebels in Mariupol, Eastern Ukraine, kills at least 20 people. * 2018 - Scientists in the People's Republic of China report in the journal "Cell" that the first monkey clones have been created. ==Births== === Up to 1900 === * 76 – Hadrian, Roman Emperor (d. 138) * 1444 – Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1476) * 1540 - Edmund Campion, English priest and martyr (d. 1581) * 1679 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754) * 1705 - Farinelli, Italian singer (d. 1782) * 1712 – Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1786) * 1724 - Frances Brooke, English writer (d. 1789) * 1732 - Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, French playwright (d. 1799) * 1742 - Anne, Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn (d. 1808) * 1746 – King Gustav III of Sweden (d. 1792) * 1749 – Charles James Fox, British politician (d. 1806) * 1752 - Muzio Clementi, Italian composer (d. 1832) * 1776 – E. T. A. Hoffmann, German writer (d. 1822) * 1778 - Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, French Prince (d. 1820) * 1779 - Tsarina Elizabeth Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1826) * 1792 - Friedrich Wilhelm, Count Brandenburg, Prussian statesman (d. 1850) * 1816 - Coles Bashford, Governor of Wisconsin (d. 1878) * 1828 – Ferdinand Cohn, German botanist and microbiologist (d. 1898) * 1848 - Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (d. 1916) * 1850 – Hermann Ebbinghaus, German psychologist (d. 1909) * 1862 – Edith Wharton, American writer (d. 1937) * 1864 – Marguerite Durand, French Women's rights activist (d. 1936) * 1866 - Jaan Poskal, Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician (d. 1920) * 1872 – Konstantin Bogaevsky, Russian painter (d. 1943) * 1872 - Ethel Turner, Australian writer (d. 1958) * 1872 - Morris William Travers, English chemist (d. 1961) * 1886 - Henry King, American movie director (d. 1982) * 1888 – Ernst Heinkel, German aircraft designer (d. 1958) * 1888 - Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (d. 1960) * 1891 - Walter Model, German field marshal (d. 1945) * 1895 – Eugen Roth, German writer (d. 1976) * 1900 - Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian-born American geneticist and biologist (d. 1975) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 – A. M. Cassandre, Ukrainian-born French artist (d. 1968) * 1901 - Mikhail Romm, Soviet-Russian film director (d. 1971) * 1907 - Maurice Couve de Murville, Prime Minister of France (d. 1999) * 1910 – Doris Haddock (Granny D), American political activist (d. 2010) * 1913 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer (d. 2008) * 1915 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991) * 1916 - Arnoldo Foa, Italian actor and director (d. 2014) * 1916 – Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (d. 2009) * 1916 - Gene Mako, Hungarian-American tennis player (d. 2013) * 1917 – Ernest Borgnine, American actor (d. 2012) * 1918 – Oral Roberts, American evangelist (d. 2009) * 1920 - Jerry Maren, American actor * 1922 - Daniel Boulanger, French actor and screenwriter (d. 2014) * 1925 - Gus Mortson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015) * 1925 - Maria Tallchief, American ballerina (d. 2013) * 1926 – Georges Lautner, French movie director and screenwriter (d. 2013) * 1928 – Desmond Morris, British zoologist, publicist and artist * 1928 - Michel Serrault, French actor (d. 2007) * 1931 - Lars Hörmander, Swedish mathematician (d. 2012) * 1935 - Bamber Gascoigne, British actor and broadcaster * 1940 – Joachim Gauck, German pastor, activist, publicist and former President of Germany * 1941 – Neil Diamond, American singer and songwriter * 1941 – Dan Shechtman, Israeli scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry * 1941 - Aaron Neville, American musician * 1942 - Gary Hart, American wrestler and manager (d. 2008) * 1943 - Subhash Ghai, Indian director, screenwriter and politician * 1943 – Peter Struck, German politician (d. 2012) * 1943 – Sharon Tate, American actress (d. 1969) * 1944 – Klaus Nomi, German singer (d. 1983) * 1945 - John Garamendi, American politician * 1947 - Masashi Ozaki, Japanese golfer * 1947 – Michio Kaku, American theoretical physicist * 1947 - Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer (d. 2012) * 1948 – Michael Des Barres, British actor and singer * 1949 – John Belushi, American actor (d. 1982) * 1950 - Gennifer Flowers, American actress === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Mike Thompson, American politician * 1952 - Raymond Domenech, French football coach * 1953 - Moon Jae-in, South Korean lawyer and President of South Korea * 1953 - Matthew Wilder, American singer-songwriter * 1955 - Jim Montgomery, American swimmer * 1957 - Mark Eaton, American basketball player * 1957 – Adrian Edmondson, English comedian * 1958 – Jools Holland, English pianist, bandleader and television presenter * 1959 – Vic Reeves, English comedian * 1959 - Michel Preud'Homme, Belgian footballer * 1961 – Guido Buchwald, German footballer * 1961 – Natassja Kinski, German-born actress * 1965 - Andreu Buenafuerte, Spanish humorist * 1966 - Shaun Donovan, American politician * 1966 - Julie Dreyfus, French actress * 1968 - Mary Lou Retton, American gymnast * 1971 - Cory Bailey, American baseball player === From 1976 === * 1976 - Shae-Lynn Bourne, Canadian ice dancer * 1976 - Cindy Pieters, Belgian cyclist * 1977 – Kensuke Kita, Japanese guitarist * 1977 - Michelle Hunziker, Swiss television presenter, singer and model * 1978 - Kristen Schaal, American actress * 1979 – Tatyana Ali, American actress and singer * 1979 - Nik Wallenda, American acrobat and daredevil * 1979 - Leandro Desabato, Argentine footballer * 1980 - Rebecca Romero, English track cyclist and rower * 1980 - Nicole Marie Lenz, American actress * 1981 – Michael Wolf, German ice hockey player * 1981 - Travis Hanson, American baseball player * 1982 - Claudia Heill, Austrian judoka (d. 2011) * 1983 – Shaun Maloney, Scottish footballer * 1983 – Scott Speed, American racing driver * 1983 - Diane Birch, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1983 - Davide Blondini, Italian footballer * 1984 - Scott Kazmir, American baseball player * 1984 - Wietold Kieltyka, Polish drummer (d. 2007) * 1986 – Mischa Barton, English-born actress * 1986 - Michael Kightly, English footballer * 1987 - Wayne Hennessey, Welsh footballer * 1987 – Luis Suarez, Uruguayan footballer * 1988 - DaJuan Summers, American basketball player * 1988 – Jade Ewen, English singer * 1989 – Ki Sung-Yueng, South Korean footballer * 1989 - Samba Diakité, Malian footballer * 1989 - Calvin Goldspink, English actor and singer * 1989 - Gong Lijiao, Chinese shot putter * 1990 - Mao Abe, Japanese singer-songwriter * 1992 - Becky Downie, British gymnast * 1993 - Tanja Frank, Austrian sailor * 1995 - Callan McAuliffe, Australian actor * 1997 - Dylan Riley Snyder, American actor, singer and dancer * 2012 - Princess Athena of Denmark ==Deaths== === Up to 1900 === * 41 – Caligula, Roman Emperor (b. 12) * 772 – Pope Stephen III (b. 721) * 817 - Pope Stephen IV (b. 770) * 863 - Charles of Provence (b. 845) * 1002 – Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 980) * 1125 – King David IV of Georgia (b. 1073) * 1349 - Luchino Visconti, Regent of Milan (b. 1287) * 1366 – Alfonso IV of Aragon (b. 1299) * 1595 – Ferdinand II of Austria (b. 1529) * 1813 - Theodore Sedgwick, American politician (b. 1746) * 1861 - Robert P. Letcher, American politician, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1788) * 1877 – Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist (b. 1796) * 1879 - Heinrich Geissler, inventor (b. 1815) * 1882 - Levi Boone, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1808) * 1895 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician (b. 1849) === 1901 2000 === * 1911 - David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (b. 1867) * 1918 - George Arthur Crump, American architect (b. 1871) * 1919 - Ismail Qemali, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1844) * 1920 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1884) * 1924 – Marie-Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1894) * 1924 - Anna Bayerova, Czech physician (b. 1853) * 1930 - Rebecca Latimer Felton, American politician (b. 1835) * 1937 - Andrew J. Montague, Governor of Virginia (b. 1862) * 1939 - Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician (b. 1867) * 1948 - Maria Mandl, Austrian concentration camp overseer and convicted Nazi war criminal (b. 1912) * 1955 - Henry Potter, American golfer (b. 1881) * 1955 - Ira Hayes, American marine (b. 1923) * 1960 - Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1886) * 1961 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American pole vaulter and inventor (b. 1884) * 1962 - Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Turkish writer (b. 1901) * 1965 – Winston Churchill, British statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1874) * 1969 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902) * 1971 - Bill W., American activist, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1895) * 1980 – Lil Dagover, Dutch-German actress (b. 1887) * 1982 - Alfredo Ovando Candia, 56th President of Bolivia (b. 1918) * 1986 - Gordon MacRae, American actor and singer (b. 1921) * 1986 – L. Ron Hubbard, American writer and founder of Scientology (b. 1911) * 1988 - Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (b. 1905) * 1989 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (b. 1946) * 1992 - Ken Darby, American composer and conductor (b. 1909) * 1993 – Thurgood Marshall, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. 1908) * 1993 – Ugur Mumcu, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1942) === From 2001 === * 2003 – Gianni Agnelli, Italian businessman and auto executive (b. 1921) * 2004 – Leonidas da Silva, Brazilian footballer (b. 1913) * 2006 - Chris Penn, American actor (b. 1965) * 2007 – Emiliano Mercado del Toro, Puerto Rican supercentenarian (b. 1891) * 2009 – Kay Yow, American basketball coach (b. 1942) * 2011 – Bhimsen Joshi, Indian musician (b. 1922) * 2011 – Bernd Eichinger, German movie director and producer (b. 1949) * 2012 – Theodoros Angelopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (b. 1935) * 2012 – James Farentino, American actor (b. 1938) * 2012 - J. Joseph Garrahy, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1930) * 2014 - Shulamit Aloni, Israeli politician (b. 1928) * 2015 - Otto Carius, German World War II tank commander (b. 1922) * 2015 - Johan Ferner, Norwegian sailor (b. 1927) * 2015 - Toller Cranston, Canadian figure skater (b. 1949) * 2015 - Link Byfield, Canadian conservative columnist, politician and publisher (b. 1951) * 2015 - Joe Franklin, American television and radio host (b. 1926) * 2015 - Julio Canessa, Chilean diplomat and general (b. 1925) * 2015 - Frances Lennon, British artist (b. 1912) * 2016 - Jimmy Bain, Scottish musician (b. 1947) * 2016 - Fredrik Barth, Norwegian social anthropologist (b. 1928) * 2016 - Forouzan, Iranian actress (b. 1937) * 2016 - Marvin Minsky, American scientist (b. 1927) * 2016 - Henry Worsley, English adventurer (b. 1960) * 2017 - Fred André, Dutch footballer (b. 1941) * 2017 - Chuck Canfield, American businessman and politician (b. 1932) * 2017 - Carlos Verdejo, Chilean footballer (b. 1934) * 2017 - Chuck Weyant, American racing driver (b. 1923) * 2017 - Butch Trucks, American drummer (b. 1947) * 2017 - Robert Folsom, American politician (b. 1927) * 2017 - Gil Ray, American drummer (b. 1956) * 2018 - Marcos Carvajal, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1984) * 2018 - Gonzalo Facio Segreda, Costa Rican politician (b. 1918) * 2018 - Renaud Gagneux, French composer (b. 1947) * 2018 - Jack Ketchum, American novelist and screenwriter (b. 1946) * 2018 - Mark E. Smith, English singer- songwriter (b. 1957) == Observances == * Feast Day of Our Lady of Peace (Roman Catholicism) * Unification Day (Romania) Category:Days of the year