Title: August 4 Content: == Events == === Up to 1940 === *70 - Destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem by the Romans. *1265 - Second Barons' War: Battle of Evesham - an army led by Prince Edward, the future King Edward I of England, defeats the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, killing de Montfort and many of his allies. *1327 - First War of Scottish Independence: James Douglas, Lord of Douglas leads a raid into Weardale and almost killed Edward III of England. *1532 - The Duchy of Brittany is annexed to the Kingdom of France. *1578 - Battle of Al-Kasr al Kebir: The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. *1627 - The Siege of La Rochelle under King Louis XIII of France begins. *1704 - War of Spanish Succession: Gibraltar is captured by an English and Dutch fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir George Rooke, and allied with Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. *1783 - Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing about 1,400 people, and resulting in a famine that kills a further 20,000. There was a similarly destructive eruption in Iceland just two months earlier. *1789 - In France, members of the National Constituent Assembly take an oath to end feudalism and end their privileges. *1791 - The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. *1796 - French Revolutionary Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte leads the French Army of Italy to victory in the Battle of Lonato. *1824 - The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces. *1845 - The British emigrant ship Catargui runs aground off King Island, near Tasmania, killing 399 people. 9 survive. *1851 - David Livingstone reaches the upper course of the Zambezi River in Africa. *1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown on Japanese ships. *1863 - Matika slovenska, Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution, focusing on topics around the Slovak nation, is founded. *1873 - American Indian Wars: US 7th Cavalry, under George Armstrong Custer, clashes with the Sioux for the first time, near the Tongue River, Montana. One on each side is killed. *1892 – The father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden are found dead in their home in Massachusetts, leading to one of the most well-known murder cases. It is still unknown whether Borden committed the murders. *1902 - The Greenwich Foot Tunnel under the River Thames opens. *1903 - Giuseppe Melchiore Sarto is elected Pope. He becomes Pope Pius X. *1906 - Central Railway Station in Sydney, Australia opens. *1906 - Italian passenger steamboat Siriohits a reef at Cabo de Palos, southern Spain. 442 people drown. *1914 – World War I: Germany invades Belgium, and the UK declares war on Germany. *1915 - The German 12th Army occupies in Warsaw. *1917 - The Tigra Reservoir in India breaks, causing a flood, killing around 1,000 people. *1924 - Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Soviet Union are established. *1936 - Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas suspends Parliament and the Constitution, establishing the 4th August regime. === From 1941 === *1944 – Anne Frank and her family are arrested by the Gestapo, after a secret informant had given information about the secret annex. *1946 - A magnitude 8 earthquake hits the Dominican Republic, killing 100 people and leaving 20,000 people homeless. *1947 - The Supreme Court of Japan is established. *1958 - The Billboard Hot 100 is first published. *1961 – US President Barack Obama is born in Honolulu, Hawaii. *1964 - American Civil rights activists Michael Schwerner, Andrew Gooding and James Chaney are found dead after disappearing on June 21. *1964 - Gulf of Tonkin incident: US destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy report coming under attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. *1965 - The Cook Islands achieve self-determination in 'Free Association' with New Zealand. *1974 - A bomb explodes in the Italicus Express train at San Benedetto Val di Sambro, Italy, killing 12 people. *1975 - The Japanese Red Army takes more than 50 hostages at the AIA Building housing several Embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. *1977 - Jimmy Carter signs the legislation creating the United States Department of Energy. *1979 - The Cook Islands introduce a new flag. *1983 – Thomas Sankara takes control in Upper Volta, through a military coup. *1984 – Exactly a year after coming to power, Thomas Sankara changes Upper Volta's name to Burkina Faso. *1991 - Greek cruise ship MTS Oceanus sinks off the Wild Coast of South Africa. *1995 - Operation Storm begins in Croatia. *1996 - The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, US, come to an end. *1997 – The oldest human on record, Jeanne Calment of France, dies aged 122 years, 164 days. *2005 - Prime Minister of Canada Paul Martin announces that Michaelle Jean would become the 27th Governor-General of Canada. *2006 - A massacre is carried out by Sri Lankan government forces, killing 17 employees of the French INGO Action Against Hunger charity. *2007 - Slovenia bans smoking in public places. *2007 - NASA's Phoenix spacecraft is launched. *2009 – Former US President Bill Clinton travels to North Korea to secure the release of two journalists. *2013 - The United States closes several embassies in North Africa and the Middle East for up to a week. The UK, France and Germany also do so with their Embassy in Yemen. *2014 - Commemorations take place around the world to mark 100 years since the start of World War I. *2019 - 2019 Dayton shooting: A gunman kills 9 people, including his sister, in Dayton, Ohio, before killing himself. It occurs less than 24 hours after another mass shooting in El Paso, Texas. *2019 - 20 people are killed in an explosion in Cairo. == Births == === Up to 1900 === *1222 - Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (d. 1262) *1290 – Duke Leopold I of Austria (d. 1326) *1502 - Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (d. 1550) *1521 – Pope Urban VII, (d. 1590) *1647 - Giovanni II Cornaro, ruler of Venice (d. 1722) *1701 - Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (d. 1757) *1704 - Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (d. 1752) *1719 - Johanna Gottlob Lehmann, German mineralogist and geologist (d. 1767) *1721 - Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, English politician (d. 1803) *1755 - Nicolas-Jacques Conté, French chemist, painter and inventor (d. 1805) *1792 - Edward Irving, Scottish clergyman (d. 1834) *1792 – Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (d. 1822) *1800 - Ramon Maria Narvaez, 1st Duke of Valencia, Spanish military and politician (d. 1868) *1804 - Karl Friedrich Hermann, German historian and classical scholar (d. 1855) *1805 - William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician (d. 1865) *1813 - Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, Prince Dietrich von Nicolsburg, Austrian statesman (d. 1871) *1816 - Richard Leach Maddox, English physician (d. 1902) *1817 - Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, United States Secretary of State (d. 1885) *1821 - Louis Vuitton, French designer (d. 1892) *1821 - James Springer White, American religious leader, founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (d. 1881) *1823 - Oliver P. Morton, 44th Governor of Indiana (d. 1877) *1824 - Domingo Santa María, President of Chile (d. 1889) *1834 – John Venn, British mathematician (d. 1923) *1848 - Vladimir Sukhomlinov, Russian general (d. 1926) *1853 - John Henry Twachtman, American painter (d. 1902) *1859 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1920 (d. 1952) *1861 - Daniel Edward Howard, President of Liberia (d. 1935) *1870 - Harry Lauder, Scottish comedian and singer (d. 1950) *1876 - Giovanni Giuriati, Italian politician (d. 1970) *1883 - René Schickele, German-French writer (d. 1940) *1884 – Henri Cornet, French cyclist (d. 1941) *1887 - Albert M. Greenfield, American businessman (d. 1967) *1888 - Taher Saifuddin, Indian religious leader (d. 1965) *1890 - Dolf Luque, Cuban baseball player (d. 1957) *1899 – Ezra Taft Benson, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints (d. 1994) *1900 - Nabi Tajima, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2018) *1900 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (d. 2002) *1900 - Arturo Umberto Illia, President of Argentina (d. 1983) === 1901 1950 === *1901 – Louis Armstrong, American jazz musician (d. 1971) *1904 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish novelist and dramatist (d. 1969) *1906 – Marie-José of Belgium, last Queen of Italy (d. 2001) *1906 – Eugen Schuhmacher, German zoologist (d. 1973) *1908 – Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (d. 1994) *1909 – Glenn Cunningham, American athlete (d. 1988) *1909 - Saunders Mac Lane, American mathematician (d. 2005) *1909 - Roberto Burle Marx, Brazilian landscape architect, plant collector and painter (d. 1994) *1910 – Anita Page, American actress (d. 2008) *1910 – William Schuman, composer (d. 1992) *1912 – Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, mathematician, physicist, philosopher and a mountaineer (d. 1999) *1912 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat (d. 1947 presumed) *1913 – Robert Hayden, American poet, Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (d. 1980) *1915 - Warren Avis, American businessman (d. 2007) *1915 - Loni Nest, German actress (d. 1990) *1917 - John Fitch, American racing driver (d. 2012) *1918 - Iceberg Slim, American writer (d. 1992) *1919 - Michel Déon, French writer (d. 2016) *1920 – Helen Thomas, American journalist (d. 2013) *1921 - Herb Ellis, American jazz guitarist (d. 2010) *1921 – Maurice Richard, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2000) *1921 - Geoffrey Wellum, British fighter pilot (d. 2018) *1923 - Reg Grundy, Australian entrepreneur (d. 2016) *1926 - George Irving Bell, American physicist, biologist and mountaineer (d. 2000) *1926 - Perry Moss, American football coach (d. 2014) *1926 - Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (d. 2018) *1927 – Jess Thomas, American tenor (d. 1993) *1927 - John Wilcock, British journalist (d. 2018) *1928 - Christian Goethals, Belgian racing driver (d. 2003) *1928 - Flóra Kádár, Hungarian actress (d. 2003) *1929 - Victor Krasin, Ukrainian-born Russian human rights activist and economist (d. 2017) *1929 – Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (possibly born on August 24) (d. 2004) *1929 – Kishore Kumar, Indian singer and actor (d. 1987) *1930 – Götz Friedrich, opera director (d. 2000) *1932 – Hans Jürgen Fröhlich, writer *1932 – Guillermo Mordillo, graphic artist and cartoonist *1932 - Francis E. Allen, American computer scientist *1934 - Dallas Green, American baseball player and manager *1936 – Assia Djebar, member of the Académie française (d. 2015) *1937 – David Bedford, English musician and composer (d. 2011) *1939 - Frankie Ford, American singer (d. 2015) *1940 - Robin Harper, Scottish academic and politician *1941 – Ted Strickland, American politician, 68th Governor of Ohio *1942 – David Lange, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2005) *1942 - Don S. Davis, American actor (d. 2008) *1943 – Bjørn Wirkola, Norwegian ski jumper *1943 - Vicente Alvarez Areces, Spanish politician *1944 – Richard Belzer, American actor and comedian *1944 - Orhan Gencebay, Turkish musician, composer, singer, producer, director and actor *1946 - Maureen Starkey Tigrett, wife of Ringo Starr (d. 1994) *1947 – Hubert Ingraham, former Prime Minister of the Bahamas *1947 – Klaus Schulze, German composer and performer *1950 - Caldwell Jones, American basketball player (d. 2014) *1950 - N. Rangasamy, Indian politician, Chief Minister of Puducherry === 1951 1975 === *1952 - Gábor Demszky, Hungarian politician *1952 - Daniel Bautista, Mexican race walker *1953 - Antonio Tajani, Italian politician *1953 - Hiroyuki Usui, Japanese footballer *1954 - Anatoliy Kinakh, 11th Prime Minister of Ukraine *1955 - Dariusz Lipinski, Polish politician *1955 - Andrew M. Allen, American astronaut *1955 – Alberto Gonzales, former United States Attorney General *1955 – Billy Bob Thornton, American actor and writer *1955 - Steingrímur J. Sigfússon, Icelandic politician *1956 - Meg Whitman, American businesswoman *1957 - Valdis Valters, Latvian basketball player *1957 - John Wark, Scottish footballer *1958 - Liao Yiwu, Chinese writer, poet and musician *1958 – Mary Decker Slaney, American middle-distance runner *1958 - Pita, Brazilian footballer *1958 - Phillip Scott, American politician, 82nd Governor of Vermont *1958 - Siwan Shalom, Israeli politician *1959 - Kim Reynolds, American politician, 43rd Governor of Iowa *1960 – Dean Malenko, American professional wrestler *1960 – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain *1961 – Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States *1961 – Lauren Tom, American actress *1962 – Roger Clemens, American baseball player *1962 - Lori Lightfoot, American lawyer and politician, 56th Mayor of Chicago *1964 - Andrew Bartlett, Australian politician and activist *1964 - Sebastian Roché, French actor *1965 - Adam Afriyie, British politician *1965 - Terri Lyne Carrington, American musician and singer-songwriter *1965 – Fredrik Reinfeldt, former Prime Minister of Sweden *1965 - Michael Skibbe, German footballer and coach *1966 - Dennis Lehane, American author *1967 – Mike Marsh, American athlete *1968 – Daniel Dae Kim, American actor *1968 – Marcus Schenkenberg, model *1968 - Lee Mack, English comedian *1969 - Max Cavalera, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist *1969 - Jojo Moyes, English author *1970 – Michael DeLuise, American actor *1970 - Kate Silverton, English journalist *1971 – Jeff Gordon, race car driver *1973 - Xavier Marchand, French swimmer *1975 - Nikos Liberopoulos, Greek footballer *1975 - Jutta Urpilainen, Finnish politician *1975 - Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah, Saudi militant (d. 2015) === From 1976 === *1977 - Luís Boa Morte, Portuguese footballer *1977 - Marek Heinz, Czech footballer *1978 – Kurt Busch, race car driver *1981 - Benjamin Boukpeti, Togolese slalom canoeist *1981 - Simone Del Nero, Italian footballer *1981 - Meghan, Duchess of Sussex *1981 - Abigail Spencer, American actress *1983 - Greta Gerwig, American actress, writer and director *1984 - Mardy Collins, American basketball player *1985 - Ha Seung-Jin, South Korean basketball player *1985 - Mark Milligan, Australian footballer *1985 – Luis Antonio Valencia, Ecuadorean footballer *1987 - Jang Keun-suk, South Korean actor and singer *1987 - Phil Younghusband, English-Filipino footballer *1987 - Marreese Speights, American basketball player *1988 - Tom Parker, British singer (The Wanted) *1989 - Wang Hao, Chinese chess player *1989 - Jessica Mauboy, Australian singer-songwriter and actress *1991 - Graeme Shinnie, Scottish footballer *1992 – Tiffany Evans, American singer *1992 – Dylan & Cole Sprouse, American actors *1992 - Yvonne Neuwirth, Austrian tennis player *1993 - Saido Berahino, Burundian-English footballer *1994 - Mayuko Fukuda, Japanese actress *1995 - Jessica Sanchez, American singer *1997 - Ekaterina Ryabova, Russian singer *2016 - Charlie Gard, British infant in life support and parental rights case (d. 2017) == Deaths == === Up to 1800 === *966 - Berengar II of Italy (b. 900) *1060 – Henry I of France (b. 1008) *1113 – Gertrude of Saxony (b. 1030) *1265 – Killed in the Battle of Evesham: **Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (b. 1223) **Henry de Montfort (b. 1238) **Peter de Montfort (b. 1215) **Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (b. 1208) *1306 – Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (b. 1289) *1338 – Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I of England (b. 1300) *1430 - Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404) *1526 – Juan Sebastián Elcano, Spanish explorer (b. 1476) *1578 – Sebastian of Portugal (b. 1554) *1578 – Thomas Stucley, English adventurer (b. 1520) *1598 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (b. 1520) *1612 – Hugh Broughton, English scholar (b. 1549) *1639 – Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Mexican dramatist (b. 1581) *1699 - Maria Sofia of Neuburg, Queen of Portugal (b. 1666) *1718 – René Lepage de Ste-Claire, lord-founder of the town of Rimouski, in New France (b. 1656) *1727 – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French general (b. 1647) *1741 – Andrew Hamilton, American lawyer (b. 1676) *1778 - Pierre de Rigaud, French colonial governor in North America (b. 1698) *1784 – Giovanni Battista Martini, Italian musician (b. 1706) *1792 – John Burgoyne, British general (b. 1723) *1795 – Timothy Ruggles, American-born Tory politician (b. 1711) === 1801 1900 === *1821 - William Floyd, American politician (b. 1734) *1822 - Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet (b. 1801) *1834 - Dimitrios Panourgias, Greek military commander (b. 1754) *1844 – Jacob Aall, Norwegian journalist and statesman (b. 1773) *1849 - Anita Garibaldi, Brazilian wife of Giuseppe Garibaldi (b. 1821) *1859 - Jean Vianney, French priest (b. 1786) *1873 – Viktor Hartmann, Russian painter (b. 1834) *1875 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (b. 1805) *1877 - Gustav, Prince of Vasa, Prince of Sweden (b. 1799) *1886 – Samuel J. Tilden, United States Presidential candidate and Governor of New York (b. 1814) *1900 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter (b. 1860) *1900 - Jacob Dolson Cox, American politician, Governor of Ohio (b. 1828) === 1901 - 2000 === *1914 - Jules Lemaitre, French critic and dramatist (b. 1863) *1922 - Enver Pasha, Turkish politician (b. 1891) *1938 – Pearl White, American actress (b. 1889) *1942 - Alberto Franchetti, Italian composer (b. 1860) *1957 – Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa, President of Brazil (b. 1869) *1958 – Ethel Anderson, Australian poet (b. 1883) *1967 – Peter Smith, English cricketer (b. 1908) *1973 - Eddie Condon, American jazz guitarist (b. 1905) *1976 – Roy Herbert Thomson, Canadian publisher (b. 1894) *1977 - Ernst Bloch, German philosopher (b. 1885) *1977 - Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, English physiologist (b. 1889) *1981 – Melvyn Douglas, American actor (b. 1901) *1982 – Bruce Goff, American architect (b. 1904) *1993 - Chinmayananda, Indian spiritual leader and teacher (b. 1916) *1994 - Giovanni Spadolini, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1925) *1996 – Geoff Hamilton, British gardener and broadcaster (b. 1936) *1997 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian; world's oldest ever-human (b. 1875) *1998 – Yuri Artyukhin, cosmonaut (b. 1930) *1999 – Victor Mature, American actor (b. 1915) *2000 – Leslie Glass, American adult movie actress (b. 1963) === From 2001 === *2001 – Lorenzo Music, American actor (b. 1937) *2002 – Holly Wells & Jessica Chapman, Soham murder victims (b. 1991, 1991) *2003 – Frederick Chapman Robbins, American Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1916) *2005 – Anatoly Larkin, Russian-American physicist (b. 1932) *2007 – Lee Hazlewood, American singer (b. 1929) *2008 - Craig Jones, English motorcycle racer (b. 1985) *2011 – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (b. 1977) *2013 - Yitzhak Berman, Ukrainian-born Israeli politician (b. 1913) *2013 - Renato Ruggiero, Italian politician, former foreign minister (b. 1930) *2013 - Art Donovan, American football player (b. 1924) *2013 - Sandy Woodward, British admiral (b. 1932) *2014 - James Brady, American Press Secretary (b. 1940) *2014 - Walter Massey, Canadian actor (b. 1928) *2014 - George Hilton, American historian (b. 1925) *2015 - Les Munro, New Zealand pilot (b. 1919) *2015 - Theo van Els, Dutch linguist (b. 1936) *2015 - Achim Hill, German rower (b. 1935) *2016 - Patrice Munsel, American coloratura soprano (b. 1925) *2017 - Luiz Melodia, Brazilian actor and singer-songwriter (b. 1951) *2017 - Heinz F. Dressel, German theologian and writer (b. 1929) *2017 - Waldemar Schreckenberger, German lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1929) *2017 - Laurie Brokenshire, English Royal Navy officer and magician (b. 1952) *2018 - Lorrie Collins, American singer and guitarist (b. 1942) *2018 - Masahiko Tsugawa, Japanese actor (b. 1940) *2018 - Arsène Tchakarian, Armenian-French resistance fighter (b. 1916) *2019 - Ernie Bowman, American baseball player (b. 1935) *2019 - Nuon Chea, Cambodian politician (b. 1926) *2019 - André Goosse, Belgian grammarian (b. 1926) *2019 - Willi Tokarev, Russian-American singer-songwriter (b. 1934) *2019 - Bob Wilber, American jazz musician (b. 1928) == Observances == * Revolution Day (Burkina Faso) * Constitution Day (Cook Islands) August 04