Title: 1813 Content: Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). == Events of 1813 == === January – March === * February 11 – Fort Meigs: Leftwich is not successful, and when he leaves, Major Amos Stoddard takes the command of the post. * February 26 – The Secretary of War orders Colonel R. M. Johnson to get ready a group of mounted volunteers who will serve from 4–6 months after being called into active service. * February late– General Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at Malden by going across Lake Erie via the Bass Islands in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough and the expedition returns. * March 22 – Col. R. M. Johnson puts out an order for raising a regiment of mounted volunteers in Kentucky. === April – June === * April 8 – Colonel James Ball arrives at Fort Meigs with 200 dragoons. * April 27 - War of 1812: Battle of York - United States troops raid, destroy, but do not hold the capital of Ontario, York (present day Toronto, Ontario). * May 2 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Lützen * May 11– Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworh left on an expedition to cross the Blue Mountains * May 20-May 21 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Bautzen * May 27 – War of 1812: In Canada, United States forces capture Fort George. * June 6 – War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek – A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeat an American force three times its size under William Winder and John Chandler. Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworh succeeded in crossing the Blue Mountains and returned home. * June 21 – Peninsular War: Battle of Vitoria – A British, Spanish, and Portuguese force of 78,000 with 96 guns under Wellington defeats a French force of 58,000 with 153 guns under Joseph Bonaparte to end the Peninsular War. === July – September === * July 5 – War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin. * July 13 – Missionaries Adoniram Judson and his wife Ann Hasseltine Judson arrive in Burma (now Myanmar). * August 19 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second three-person-rule. * August 23 – Battle of Großbeeren * August 26 – Battle of Katzbach * August 26-August 27 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Dresden * August 29-August 30 – Napoleon's troops defeated at Kulm * September – Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate of Britain * September 6 – Battle of Dennewitz * September 10 – War of 1812: Oliver Hazard Perry defeats a British fleet in the Battle of Lake Erie === October – December === * October 5 – War of 1812: William Henry Harrison defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames, native leader Tecumseh was killed in battle * October 14 – After a ceremony in Caracas, Venezuela, the municipality gives Simón Bolívar the title of El Libertador. * October 16-October 19 – Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig * October 24-November 5 – Persia and Russia sign the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813 at the end of the first Russo-Persian Wars (1804-1813) by which Persia (Iran) loses all its territories to the north of Aras River to the Russians. * October 25 – War of 1812: Charles de Salaberry defeats an American invasion at the Battle of Chateauguay * November 11 – War of 1812: the Americans are defeated at the Battle of Crysler's Farm * November 21 – An independent government is restored in the Netherlands. * December 29 – War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York === Undated === * Russian troops reach and take Berlin without a fight after the French garrison evacuated (sent everyone out) the city. * Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Trait des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology. * George Hamilton-Gordon serves as ambassador expert in Vienna. * After the death of his father Wossen Seged, Sahle Selassie arrives at the capital Qundi before his other brothers, and is made Meridazmach of Shewa. * The Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania is founded. It is the oldest continuously existing literary society in the United States. === Ongoing events === * Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Peninsular War/Sixth Coalition * War of 1812 (1812-1815) == Births == * January 19 – Sir Henry Bessemer, English inventor (d. 1898) * January 21 – John C. Frémont, American soldier and explorer (d. 1890) * January 26 – Juan Pablo Duarte, Founder of the Dominican Republic (d. 1876) * February 11 – Otto Ludwig, German writer (d. 1865) * February 15 – Frederick Holbrook, Vermont governor (d. 1909) * March 18 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (d. 1863) * March 19 – David Livingstone, English missionary and explorer (d. 1873) * March 21 – James Strang, Mormon splinter group leader (d. 1856) * March 27 – Nathaniel Currier, American illustrator (d. 1888) * April 23 – Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (d. 1861) * May 5 – Soren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (d. 1855) * May 21 – Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (d. 1843) * May 22 – Richard Wagner, German composer (d. 1883) * June 24 – Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (d. 1887) * July 19 – Samuel M. Kier, American industrialist (d. 1874) * September 17 – John Sedgwick, Union Army General, American Civil War (d. 1864) * October 10 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (d. 1901) * October 17 – Georg Büchner, German playwright (d. 1837) * December 13 – David Spangler Kaufman, U.S. Congressman from Texas (d. 1851) * December 19 – Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (d.1885) ===Unknown dates=== * Abbas I, Pasha of Egypt (d. 1854) * John Miley, American Methodist theologian (d. 1895) * Gerardo Barrios, President of El Salvador (d. 1865) == Deaths == * January 6 – Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (born 1764) * January 20 – Christoph Martin Wieland, German writer (born 1733) * February 13 – Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (born 1725) * February 26 – Robert Linvingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (born 1746) * April 10 – Joseph Louis Lagrange, Italian mathematician (born 1746) * April 27 – Zebulon Pike, American general (born 1779) * April 28 – Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (born 1745) * May 1 – Jean- Baptiste Bessières, French marshal (killed in combat) (born 1768) * May 23 – Geraud Duroc, French general (mortally wounded in battle) (born 1772) * June 6 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect (born 1739) * June 17 – Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician (born 1726) * June 28 – Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (born 1755) * July 29 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (suicide) (born 1771) * August 11 – Henry James Pye, English poet (born 1745) * August 15-Abigail Amelia, First born daughter Of John and Abigail Adams (born 1765) * August 23 – Alexander Wilson, Scottish-born ornithologist (born 1766) * September 2 – Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (mortally wounded in battle) (born 1763) * October 5 – Tecumseh, Shawnee leader * October 19 – Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (born 1763) * November 12 – Jean de Crévecoeur, French-American writer (born 1735) * December 24 – Empress Go- Sakuramachi of Japan (born 1740) ===Unknown dates=== * Wossen Seged, Meridazmach of Shewa (murdered) (born 1808) Category:1813