Title: April 14 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 69 - Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Roman Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne. * 70 - Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, surrounds the Jewish capital, with four Roman legions. * 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (Balkan peninsula). * 966 - Mieszko I of Poland converts to Christianity. * 1028 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor is elected King of Germany. * 1205 - Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders. * 1434 - The foundation stone is laid for St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in Nantes, France. * 1471 – Yorkists under Edward IV defeat Lancastrians under Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet. The Earl of Warwick is killed and Edward IV becomes King. * 1775 - The first abolition society in North America is founded. * 1828 – Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary. * 1849 – Hungary declares independence, with Lajos Kossuth as regent. * 1860 - The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California. * 1862 – Australian bushranger Ben Hall takes part in his first robbery. * 1865 – US President Abraham Lincoln is shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln dies the next day, of his injuries. * 1865 – United States Secretary of State William H. Seward is attacked in his home by Lewis Powell. * 1890 - The Pan-American Union is founded by the first International Conference of American States in Washington, DC. * 1894 - The first-ever commercial movie house opens in New York City. === 1901 2000 === * 1903 – Turkey is hit by an earthquake, killing 1,700 people. * 1909 – A massacre is organized by Ottoman Empire against Armenian population of Cilicia * 1912 – The RMS Titanic hits an iceberg, and sinks on April 15th in the early morning. * 1927 – The first Volvo makes its debut in Gothenburg in Sweden. * 1928 - The Bremen, a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, reaches Greenly Island, East of Canada, the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west. * 1931 - The first edition of the Highway Code is published in the United Kingdom. * 1931 – Spanish Cortes depose King Alfonso XIII, and proclaim the 2nd Republic. * 1935 – In the Dust Bowl, the Black Sunday storm strikes parts of the Central United States. Worst affected is Oklahoma, where settlers are forced to leave, as crops are destroyed. * 1939 - The Grapes of Wrath, a novel by John Steinbeck, is published for the first time. * 1942 - Malta receives the George Cross for bravery during World War II. * 1944 – Carrying explosives, British freight ship Port Stikine explodes in Bombay harbour, killing over 1,000 people and injuring around 3,000. * 1945 – World War II: Osijek, Croatia, is liberated from Fascist rule. * 1956 - Videotape is first demonstrated in Chicago. * 1958 – The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit around the Earth, after 162 days. This was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika, who likely lived only a few hours. * 1967 – Gnassingbe Eyadema installs himself as President of Togo, a post he holds until his death in February 2005. * 1969 - At the Academy Awards, there is a tie between Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand for Best Actress. * 1975 – In a referendum, voters in Sikkim vote in favour of Union with India. * 1978 – Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against Soviet attempts to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language. * 1980 - The movie version of the Günter Grass novel The Tin Drum wins the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. * 1981 - STS-1 mission, on Space Shuttle Columbia, is completed. * 1985 - Bernhard Langer becomes the first German golfer to win the US Masters at Augusta, Georgia, United States. * 1986 – 1 kilogram hailstones fall in the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92 people. They are the heaviest hailstones ever recorded. * 1999 – Sydney, Australia is hit by a severe hailstorm. === From 2001 === * 2002 – Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez returns to office, three days after being ousted and arrested by the military in a US-backed coup. * 2003 – The Human Genome Project is completed, with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%. * 2003 – US troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas, leader of a Palestinian group that killed a US citizen on the MS Achille Lauro in 1985. * 2008 – Silvio Berlusconi is elected to replace Romano Prodi as Prime Minister of Italy. * 2010 – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes Yushu district in China's Qinghai province, killing almost 2,700 people. * 2010 – The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland begins to shut down air travel in Europe. * 2014 - Bomb blasts in Abuja, Nigeria, kill dozens of people. * 2014 - Boko Haram militants abduct 276 schoolgirls from Chibok in northeastern Nigeria. International campaigns are soon launched to find them, including #BringBackOurGirls. * 2015 - Around 400 people are feared to have drowned in the Mediterranean Sea off Libya. * 2016 - The first quake (magnitude 6.5) of Kumamoto earthquakes happens (quakes happen to April 16 when that of magnitude 7.0 is observed). * 2018 - The United States, United Kingdom and France carry out air strikes in Syria in response to a suspected chemical attack. * 2019 - Tiger Woods wins The Masters Tournament in Augusta, Georgia, United States, winning a major golf competition for the first time in almost 11 years. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1126 - Averroes, Arab Spanish polymath (d. 1198) * 1336 - Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan (d. 1374) * 1527 - Abraham Ortelius, Flemish mapmaker (d. 1598). * 1572 - Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician (d. 1632) * 1578 – King Philip III of Spain (d. 1621) * 1629 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist (d. 1695) * 1668 - Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and politician (d. 1741) * 1678 - Abraham Darby, English engineer (d. 1717) * 1738 – William Cavendish- Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1809) * 1741 – Emperor Momozono of Japan (d. 1762) * 1765 – Landgravine Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1796) * 1773 - Jean- Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman (d. 1854) * 1788 - David G. Burnet, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1870) * 1814 - Dimitri Kipiani, Georgian politician and writer (d. 1887) * 1818 - Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen of Hanover (d. 1907) * 1852 - Meijer de Haan, Dutch painter (d. 1895) * 1857 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (d. 1944) * 1862 – Pyotr Stolypin, Russian statesman (d. 1911) * 1866 – Anne Sullivan, American teacher of Helen Keller (d. 1936) * 1868 – Peter Behrens, German architect (d. 1940) * 1870 - Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1929) * 1870 - Victor Boris- Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905) * 1872 - Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian-Islamic scholar and translator (d. 1953) * 1879 - James Branch Cabell, American writer (d. 1958) * 1881 - Husain Salaahudin, Maldivian poet and scholar (d. 1948) * 1882 – Moritz Schlick, German philosopher (d. 1936) * 1889 – Arnold Joseph Toynbee, English historian (d. 1975) * 1889 – Efim Bogolyubov, Ukrainian chess player (d. 1952) * 1891 – B. R. Ambedkar, Indian social activist (d. 1956) * 1892 - Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1963) * 1892 – Claire Windsor, American actress (d. 1972) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 - Sylvio Mantha, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and referee (d. 1974) * 1903 - Henry Corbin, French philosopher and educator (d. 1978) * 1904 – John Gielgud, British actor (d. 2000) * 1905 - Jean Pierre-Bloch, French activist, politician and writer (d. 1999) * 1905 - Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator (d. 1999) * 1907 – François Duvalier (Papa Doc), President of Haiti (d. 1971) * 1912 – Robert Doisneau, French photographer (d. 1994) * 1918 - Mary Healy, American actress and singer (d. 2015) * 1919 - Shamshan Begum, Indian singer (d. 2013) * 1920 - Ivor Guest, English ballet historian and lawyer * 1920 - Schubert Gambetta, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1991) * 1921 – Thomas Schelling, American economist (d. 2016) * 1922 - Audrey Long, American actress (d. 2014) * 1923 - Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine golfer (d. 2017) * 1924 - Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock, British philosopher (d. 2019) * 1925 – Abel Muzorewa, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (d. 2010) * 1925 - Gene Ammons, American saxophonist (d. 1974) * 1925 - Rod Steiger, American actor (d. 2002) * 1926 – Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 2008) * 1926 - Gloria Jean, American actress * 1927 – Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand chemist (d. 2007) * 1929 – Chadli Bendjedid, former President of Algeria (d. 2012) * 1929 - Gerry Anderson, British writer, director and producer (d. 2012) * 1931 - Dimitar Dobrev, Bulgarian wrestler (d. 2019) * 1932 – Atef Ebeid, former Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014) * 1932 – Loretta Lynn, American country musician and singer * 1933 - Boris Strugatsky, Russian writer (d. 2012) * 1933 - Paddy Hopkirk, Northern Irish racing driver * 1934 - Fredric Jameson, American philosopher and theorist * 1935 - Susan Cunliffe-Lister, British paralympian and disabled rights campaigner * 1935 – Erich von Daniken, Swiss writer * 1936 - Ivan Dias, Indian cardinal (d. 2017) * 1936 - Bobby Nichols, American golfer * 1936 - Arlene Martel, American actress (d. 2014) * 1936 - Kenneth Mars, American actor (d. 2011) * 1937 - Sepp Mayerl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 2012) * 1940 – Julie Christie, British actress * 1941 - Pete Rose, American baseball player and manager * 1942 – Valentin Lebedev, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut * 1942 - Valeriy Brumel, Soviet-Russian Olympic athlete (d. 2003) * 1943 – Nikolay Petrov, Russian pianist (d. 2011) * 1944 – John Sergeant, English journalist * 1945 – Ritchie Blackmore, English guitarist (Deep Purple) * 1945 - Uwe Beyer, German hammer thrower * 1945 - Roger Frappier, Canadian actor, director, producer and screenwriter * 1945 – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Samoan Prime Minister * 1947 - Dominique Baudis, French journalist and politician (d. 2014) * 1948 - Berry Berenson, American photographer, actress and model (d. 2001) * 1949 – Chris Langham, British actor * 1949 – John Shea, American actor * 1949 - Eric Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 2015) * 1950 - Francis Collins, American physician and geneticist === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Julian Lloyd Webber, British cellist * 1954 - Katsuhiro Otomo, Japanese artist, screenwriter and director * 1954 - Bruce Sterling, American science fiction author * 1955 - Aleksey Lebed, Russian military officer and politician (d. 2019) * 1956 - Barbara Bonney, American soprano * 1957 - Richard Jeni, American comedian and actor (d. 2007) * 1957 - Mikhail Pletnev, Russian pianist, composer and conductor * 1958 – Peter Capaldi, Scottish actor and director * 1959 - Steve Byrnes, American sports announcer (d. 2015) * 1960 – Brad Garrett, American actor * 1961 – Robert Carlyle, Scottish actor * 1964 – Gina McKee, English actress * 1966 - Lloyd Owen, English actor * 1967 - Nicola Berti, Italian footballer * 1967 - Francis Tsai, American comic book, movie and video game concept artist (d. 2015) * 1967 - Steve Chiasson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1999) * 1967 - Julie Zemio, French-Australian actress and singer * 1968 - Anthony Michael Hall, American actor * 1971 - Miguel Calero, Colombian footballer (d. 2012) * 1972 - Dean Potter, American rock climber and BASE jumper (d. 2015) * 1973 - David Miller, American tenor (Il Divo) * 1973 – Roberto Ayala, Argentine footballer * 1973 – Adrien Brody, American actor * 1975 - Anderson Silva, Brazilian mixed martial artist * 1975 - Amy Birnbaum, American voice actress === From 1976 === * 1976 - Georgina Chapman, English model, actress and fashion designer * 1976 - Francoise Mbango Etone, Cameroonian athlete * 1976 - Kyle Farnsworth, American baseball player * 1977 – Cristiano Zanetti, Italian footballer * 1977 – Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress * 1980 - Win Butler, American-Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1980 - Steven Holcomb, American bobsledder (d. 2017) * 1981 - Amy Leach, English director * 1982 - Ugur Boral, Turkish footballer * 1983 – James McFadden, Scottish footballer * 1983 – Nikoloz Tskitishvili, Georgian basketball player * 1984 - Harumafuji Kohei, Mongolian sumo wrestler * 1986 – Matt Derbyshire, English footballer * 1986 – Anne Watanabe, Japanese model * 1987 – Erwin Hoffer, Austrian footballer * 1987 - Wilson Kiprop, Kenyan long- distance runner * 1989 - Aleksei Alekseyev, Russian footballer * 1989 - Dafina Zeqiri, Albanian-Kosovan-Swedish singer and dancer * 1993 - Vivien Cardone, American actress * 1993 - Graham Phillips, American actor and singer * 1994 - Skyler Samuels, American actress * 1996 – Abigail Breslin, American actress * 1999 - Anita Simoncini, Sammarinese singer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 1132 - Mstislav I of Kiev (b. 1076) * 1471 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English kingmaker (b. 1428) * 1574 - Louis of Nassau (b. 1538) * 1578 - James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots * 1721 - Michel Chamillart, French statesman (b. 1652) * 1758 – Clara, famous rhinoceros * 1759 – George Frideric Handel, German composer (b. 1685) * 1785 - William Whitehead, English writer (b. 1715) * 1792 - Maximilian Hell, Hungarian astronomer (b. 1720) * 1816 - Bussa, African-born Barbadian slave and national hero of Barbados * 1843 – Joseph Lanner, Austrian violinist and composer (b. 1801) * 1895 - James Dwight Dana, American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist (b. 1813) === 1901 2000 === * 1910 - Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter (b. 1856) * 1912 – Henri Brisson, French statesman (b. 1835) * 1914 – Hubert Bland, co-founder of Fabian Society (b. 1855) * 1917 – L. L. Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto (b. 1859) * 1925 – John Singer Sargent, English artist (b. 1856) * 1930 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian writer (b. 1893) * 1935 – Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882) * 1943 – Yakov Dzhugashvili, son of Joseph Stalin (b. 1907) * 1950 – Ramana Maharshi, Indian guru (b. 1879) * 1951 - Al Christie, Canadian-American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1881) * 1962 - Visvesvaraya, Indian engineer, scholar and statesman (b. 1860) * 1964 - Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian-Dutch mathematician (b. 1876) * 1964 – Rachel Carson, American writer (b. 1907) * 1965 - Richard Hickock, American murderer (b. 1931) * 1965 - Perry Edward Smith, American murderer (b. 1928) * 1968 – Al Benton, Major League Baseball player (b. 1911) * 1975 – Fredric March, actor (b. 1897) * 1983 - Pete Farndon, English musician (b. 1952) * 1986 – Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (b. 1908) * 1989 – Pete Farndon, British musician (The Pretenders) * 1995 – Burl Ives, American folk singer and actor (b. 1909) * 1999 – Anthony Newley, actor, singer (b. 1931) * 1999 – Ellen Corby, American actress (b. 1911) * 1999 – Bill Wendell, American broadcaster (b. 1931) * 2000 – Phil Katz, American computer programmer (b. 1962) * 2000 - Wilf Mannion, English footballer (b. 1918) === From 2001 === * 2001 – Hiroshi Teshigahara, Japanese director (b. 1927) * 2001 - Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (b. 1939) * 2007 – Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1926) * 2009 – Maurice Druon, French writer, dramatist and politician (b. 1918) * 2010 - Israr Ahmed, Pakistani theologian and scholar (b. 1932) * 2010 – Peter Steele, American musician (b. 1962) * 2011 – Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian (b. 1896) * 2011 – William Lipscomb, American chemist (b. 1919) * 2012 – Emile Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) * 2012 – Piermario Morosini, Italian footballer (b. 1986) * 2012 - Jonathan Frid, Canadian actor (b. 1924) * 2013 - Colin Davis, British conductor (b. 1927) * 2013 - Armando Villanueva, Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1915) * 2014 - Brian Harradine, Australian politician (b. 1935) * 2014 - Armando Peraza, Cuban- American Latin jazz percussionist (b. 1924) * 2014 - Mick Staton, American politician (b. 1940) * 2014 - Albert Manent, Spanish writer (b. 1930) * 2014 - Manuel Ortega, Spanish painter (b. 1921) * 2015 - Ameril Umbra Kato, Filipino warlord (b. 1946) * 2015 - Percy Sledge, American singer (b. 1941) * 2015 - Norman H. Bangerter, American politician, 13th Governor of Utah (b. 1933) * 2015 - Homaro Cantu, American chef (b. 1976) * 2015 - Klaus Bednarz, German journalist and writer (b. 1942) * 2015 - Meir Rosenne, Israeli lawyer and diplomat (b. 1931) * 2015 - Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1921) * 2016 - Nguyen Anh 9, Vietnamese songwriter and pianist (b. 1940) * 2016 - Ahmed Brahim, Tunisian politician (b. 1946) * 2016 - Malick Sidibé, Malian photographer (b. 1935) * 2016 - Liang Sili, Chinese missile control scientist and academic (b. 1924) * 2016 - David J. C. MacKay, British author, physicist and professor (b. 1967) * 2017 - Henry Hillman, American venture capitalist and philanthropist (b. 1918) * 2017 - Robert Taylor, American computer scientist and internet pioneer (b. 1932) * 2018 - Isabella Biagini, Italian actress (b. 1943) * 2018 - Hal Greer, American basketball player (b. 1936) * 2018 - Jean-Claude Malgoire, French conductor (b. 1940) * 2018 - Jon Michelet, Norwegian author (b. 1944) * 2018 - Gerald Nachman, American critic and author (b. 1938) * 2018 - Robert Holmes, American football player (b. 1945) * 2019 - Bibi Andersson, Swedish actress (b. 1935) * 2019 - Giuseppe Ciarrapico, Italian politician (b. 1934) * 2019 - Colin Collindridge, English footballer (b. 1929) * 2019 - Abdallah Lamrani, Moroccan footballer (b. 1946) * 2019 - Gene Wolfe, American writer (b. 1931) == Observances == * New Year Festivals in many South and Southeast Asian cultures * Georgian language Day * Youth Day (Angola) * Ambedkar Jayanti (India), celebrating the birthday of social activist B. R. Ambedkar * Pan-American Day * Black Day (South Korea) * Dhivehi language Day (Maldives) Category:Days of the year