Title: June 23 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 229 Sun Quan declares himself Chinese Emperor of the Wu Dynasty. * 1280 The Emirate of Granada defeats the Kingdom of Castile in the Battle of Moclin. * 1295 Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome. * 1305 Flemish-French peace treaty signed at Athis-sur-Orge. * 1314 Start of the Battle of Bannockburn south of Stirling, Edward II of England and Robert I of Scotland met in battle. Scotland won and Edward fled the field and Scotland. * 1532 Henry VIII & François I sign secret treaty against Emperor Charles V. * 1611 The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in the Atlantic Ocean; they are never heard from again. * 1661 Marriage contract between Charles II of England and Catharina of Portugal. * 1683 William Penn signs friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Native Americans in Pennsylvania. * 1713 French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada. * 1724 Russia and Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople. * 1757 Battle of Plassey – 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj-ud-Dawlah at Plassey. * 1758 Seven Years War: Battle of Krefeld – British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany. * 1760 Seven Years War: Battle of Landshut – Austria beats Prussia. * 1794 Empress Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kyiv. * 1810 John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company. * 1812 War of 1812: The United Kingdom removes the restrictions on American commerce, therefore eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war. * 1848 Beginning of the June Days Uprising in Paris. * 1858 Six-year-old Edgardo Mortara is seized by Papal authorities. * 1860 The US Congress establishes the Government Printing Office. * 1865 American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army. * 1868 Christopher Latham Sholes receives a patent for the typewriter. * 1887 The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park, Banff National Park. * 1888 Frederick Douglass is the first African-American nominated for US president. * 1894 International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne, Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. * 1897 The first women's international chess tournament begins in London. === 1901 2000 === * 1913 Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran. * 1914 Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta * 1915 First wholesale slaughter of Armenian men in Harput (Kharpert), Turkey. * 1919 Estonian War of Independence: Decisive defeat of the "Baltische Landswehr" in the Battle of Cesis. * 1924 German serial killer Fritz Haarmann is captured. * 1925 Mount Logan, Canada's highest peak at 5959 metres above sea level, in the Yukon, is climbed for the first time, by a team of 6 climbers, led by Albert MacCarthy. * 1931 Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane. * 1938 The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States. * 1938 Marineland opens near St. Augustine, Florida. * 1940 World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now- occupied France. * 1941 Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence (June independence) of Lithuania from Soviet Union; it was only brief however as Nazis occupied Lithuania a few weeks later. * 1942 Holocaust: The first selections for the gas chamber at Auschwitz take place, on a train full of Jews from Paris. * 1943 World War II: British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Asciangihi in the Mediterranean Sea, after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland. * 1944 Thomas Mann becomes a US citizen. * 1946 An earthquake strikes Vancouver Island. * 1947 The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act. * 1956 Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt. * 1958 The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers. * 1959 Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career). * 1959 A fire in a resort hotel in Stalheim, Norway kills 34 people. * 1960 Japan signs security treaty with the U.S. * 1961 Having been signed on December 1, 1959, the Antarctic Treaty goes into effect. * 1967 Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference. * 1968 74 are killed and 150 injured in a soccer stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium. * 1969 Warren E. Burger is sworn in as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring chief Earl Warren. * 1972 Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins. * 1974 In Switzerland, the Canton of Jura separates from the Canton of Bern. * 1979 Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980. * 1983 Pope John Paul II meets imprisoned Solidarity leader Lech Walesa in Poland. * 1985 A Boeing 747 carrying Air India Flight 182 blew up at 31,000 feet (9500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, South of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard. * 1989 The movie Batman is released in the United States. * 1990 Moldova declares independence. * 1992 Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2. * 1992 Yitzhak Rabin wins the Israeli parliamentary elections. * 2000 A ferry sinks on the Yangtze river, near Luzhou, in China's Sichuan province, killing 131 people. === From 2001 === * 2001 A magnitude 8.4 earthquake strikes off the coast of Peru. * 2006 Harriet the tortoise dies as one of the world's oldest living creatures, aged around 176 years. * 2013 Nik Wallenda becomes the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a tightrope. * 2013 The health of former South African President Nelson Mandela is first reported to be in a "critical" state. * 2014 Three journalists working for Al-Jazeera are sentenced to prison in Egypt on accusations of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood. * 2016 The Colombian government and FARC guerrillas sign a peace treaty. * 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum: A majority (51.9%) vote to leave the European Union, making the United Kingdom the first independent country to do so. Majorities in Scotland, Northern Ireland and London all vote to remain. * 2018 Thousands of people protest in Central London against Brexit, two years to the day of the United Kingdom's narrow- majority vote to leave the European Union. * 2018 A bomb is detonated at a political rally attended by Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa, in what is considered as an attempt to kill him. * 2018 Tham Luang cave rescue: 12 boys and their assistant football coach get stuck in the Tham Luang cave in northern Thailand; they are discovered alive on July 2, with the internationally followed rescue being completed on July 10. * 2019 Ekrem Imamoglu wins the re-run of the mayoral election in Istanbul, Turkey's largest city; he defeats Binali Yildirim, who was formerly Prime minister of Turkey in Recep Tayyip Erdogan's AK Party. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 47 BC Ptolemy Caesarion of Egypt (d. 30 BC) * 1373 Queen Joan II of Naples (d. 1435) * 1435 Francis II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1488) * 1456 Margaret of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland (d. 1486) * 1534 Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1582) * 1612 André Tacquet, Flemish mathematician (d. 1660) * 1668 Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher and historian (d. 1744) * 1703 Marie Leszczynska, Queen Consort of France (d. 1768) * 1711 Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, Italian instrument maker (d. 1786) * 1763 Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (d. 1814) * 1772 Cristobal Mendoza, 1st President of Venezuela (d. 1829) * 1800 Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (d. 1846) * 1815 Robert Milligan McLane, American politician and diplomat (d. 1898) * 1824 Carl Reinecke, German musician and composer (d. 1910) * 1863 Sándor Bródy, Hungarian author and journalist (d. 1924) * 1875 Carl Milles, Swedish sculptor (d. 1955) * 1875 Norman Pritchard, Indian athlete (d. 1929) * 1884 Cyclone Taylor, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1979) * 1887 Ernst Rowohlt, German publisher (d. 1960) * 1888 Bronson M. Cutting, American politician (d. 1935) * 1888 Lee Moran, American actor (d. 1961) * 1889 Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (d. 1966) * 1894 King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (d. 1972) * 1894 Alfred Kinsey, American entomologist and sexologist (d. 1956) * 1897 Alexandru Giugaru, Romanian actor (d. 1986) === 1901 1950 === * 1906 King Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955) * 1907 James Meade, English economist (d. 1995) * 1909 Georges Rouquier, French actor, movie director and screenwriter (d. 1989) * 1910 Milt Hinton, American jazz musician (d. 1990) * 1910 Jean Anouilh, French dramatist (d. 1987) * 1910 Gordon B. Hinckley, American Mormon leader (d. 2008) * 1912 Alan Turing, British mathematician (d. 1954) * 1913 William P. Rogers, American politician (d. 2001) * 1916 Ernst Willimowski, Polish footballer (d. 1987) * 1919 Hermann Gmeiner, founder of SOS Children's Villages (d. 1986) * 1919 Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian political leader (d. 1992) * 1923 Johnny Barnes, Bermudian entertainer (d. 2016) * 1923 Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance activist (d. 1945) * 1923 Walter Wolfgang, German-British socialist and peace activist (d. 2019) * 1925 John Shepherd-Barron, Scottish inventor (d. 2010) * 1925 Art Modell, American businessman (d. 2012) * 1925 Oliver Smithies, British- American geneticist (d. 2017) * 1926 Arnaldo Pomodoro, Italian sculptor * 1927 Bob Fosse, American choreographer (d. 1987) * 1928 Klaus von Dohnanyi, former Mayor of Hamburg * 1929 June Carter Cash, American singer (d. 2003) * 1930 Donn F. Eisele, American colonel, pilot and astronaut (d. 1987) * 1931 Ola Ullsten, former Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 2018) * 1931 Gunnar Uusi, Estonian chess player (d. 1981) * 1935 Maurice Ferré, 32nd Mayor of Miami, Florida * 1936 Richard Bach, American writer and pilot * 1936 Jan Hoet, Belgian art historian (d. 2014) * 1936 Costas Simitis, former Prime Minister of Greece * 1937 Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland * 1940 Stuart Sutcliffe, British musician (d. 1962) * 1940 Wilma Rudolph, American runner (d. 1994) * 1940 Adam Faith, English singer and actor (d. 2003) * 1940 Derry Irvine, Scottish lawyer, judge and politician * 1940 Willie Wallace, Scottish footballer * 1942 Martin Rees, English cosmologist and astrophysicist * 1943 Albert Pintat, former Prime Minister of Andorra * 1943 James Levine, American conductor * 1943 Vint Cerf, American computer scientist and author * 1945 John Garang, South Sudanese politician (d. 2005) * 1948 Clarence Thomas, American jurist * 1948 Nabarun Bhattacharya, Indian author (d. 2015) * 1950 Orani Joao Tempesta, Brazilian cardinal === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Michèle Mouton, French rally driver * 1951 Sergei Skripal, Russian double-agent * 1953 Armen Sarkissian, former Prime Minister and current President of Armenia * 1955 Maggie Philbin, English television and radio presenter * 1955 Jean Tigana, French footballer * 1956 Randy Jackson, American music producer * 1957 Frances McDormand, American actress * 1957 Jochen Schweizer, German entrepreneur * 1960 Tatsuya Uemura, Japanese musician and programmer * 1960 Donald Harrison, American saxophonist, composer and producer * 1960 Fadil Vokrri, Kosovar footballer (d. 2018) * 1961 Andrea Borella, Italian fencer * 1961 John Nicolson, Scottish politician * 1963 Colin Montgomery, Scottish golfer * 1964 Joss Whedon, American television director and movie director * 1964 Kenji Honnami, Japanese footballer * 1965 Paul Arthurs, British guitarist (Oasis) * 1969 Fernanda Ribeiro, Portuguese athlete * 1970 Yann Tiersen, French musician and songwriter * 1972 Zinedine Zidane, French footballer * 1972 Go Oiwa, Japanese footballer * 1972 Selma Blair, American actress * 1973 Marie N, Latvian singer * 1973 Eisuke Nakanishi, Japanese footballer * 1975 KT Tunstall, Scottish singer * 1975 Shuhei Terada, Japanese footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 Patrick Vieira, French footballer * 1976 Emmanuelle Vaugier, Canadian actress, singer, songwriter and model * 1977 Hayden Foxe, Australian footballer * 1977 Miguel Angel Angulo, Spanish footballer * 1977 Jason Mraz, American singer * 1978 Memphis Bleek, American rapper * 1978 Frédéric Leclercq, French singer-songwriter and musician * 1980 Francesca Schiavone, Italian tennis player * 1980 Melissa Rauch, American actress * 1981 Antony Costa, British singer (Blue) * 1982 Derek Boogaard, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011) * 1983 José Manuel Rojas, Chilean footballer * 1984 Takeshi Matsuda, Japanese swimmer * 1984 Duffy, Welsh singer * 1987 Alessia Filippi, Italian swimmer * 1988 Chellsie Memmel, American gymnast * 1989 Jordan Nolan, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 Ayana Taketatsu, Japanese voice actress * 1989 Lauren Bennett, British dancer, singer and model * 1989 Billie Kay, American professional wrestler * 1991 Katie Armiger, American singer * 1992 Luiza Galiulina, Uzbek gymnast * 1995 Hao Yun, Chinese swimmer * 1995 Danna Paola, Mexican singer and actress * 2004 Mana Ashida, Japanese actress and singer == Deaths == === Up to 2000 === * 79 Vespasian, Roman Emperor (b. 9) * 679 Aethelthryth, Queen of Northumbria * 1018 Henry I, Margrave of Austria * 1222 Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1179) * 1516 Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452) * 1555 Pedro Mascarenhas, Portuguese explorer (b. 1470) * 1565 Dragut, Ottoman general (b. 1485) * 1582 Shimizu Muneharu, Japanese military leader (b. 1537) * 1615 Mashita Nagamori, Japanese warlord (b. 1545) * 1677 William Louis, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1647) * 1686 William Coventry, English statesman (b. 1628) * 1691 Suleiman II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1642) * 1707 John Mill, English theologian (b. 1645) * 1779 Mikael Sehul, Ethiopian warlord (b. 1691) * 1806 Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist and philosopher (b. 1723) * 1832 James Hall, Scottish geologist (b. 1761) * 1836 James Mill, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1773) * 1856 Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher (b. 1806) * 1881 Matthias Jakob Scheiden, German botanist (b. 1804) * 1891 Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (b. 1804) * 1893 William Fox, four-times Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1812) * 1893 Theophilus Shepstone, British-South African politician (b. 1817) * 1914 Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian philosopher and spiritual reformist (b. 1838) * 1926 Jon Magnusson, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1859) * 1945 Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance activist (b. 1923) * 1959 Boris Vian, French polymath (b. 1920) * 1970 Roscoe Turner, American aviator (b. 1895) * 1980 Varahagiri Venkata Giri, 4th President of India (b. 1894) * 1980 Sanjay Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi (b. 1946) * 1981 Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1907) * 1986 Moses I. Finley, British historian (b. 1912) * 1991 Lea Padovani, Italian movie actress (b. 1920) * 1995 Anatoly Tarasov, Russian ice hockey coach (b. 1918) * 1995 Jonas Salk, American biologist and physician (b. 1914) * 1996 Andreas Papandreou, former Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919) * 1997 Betty Shabazz, American activist (b. 1934) * 1998 Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (b. 1911) * 1999 Buster Merryfield, English actor (b. 1920) * 2000 Peter Dubovsky, Slovakian footballer (b. 1972) === From 2001 === * 2001 Yvonne Dionne, one of the Dionne Quintuplets (b. 1934) * 2001 Corinne Calvet, French actress (b. 1925) * 2006 Aaron Spelling, American TV producer (b. 1923) * 2006 Harriet, Galapagos Tortoise (b. 1830) * 2008 Arthur Chung, former President of Guyana (b. 1918) * 2009 Hanne Hiob, German actress (b. 1923) * 2009 Ed McMahon, American television personality (b. 1923) * 2010 Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (b. 1925) * 2011 Gene Colan, American comic book artist (b. 1926) * 2011 Dennis Marshall, Costa Rican footballer (b. 1985) * 2011 Peter Falk, American actor (b. 1927) * 2012 Alan McDonald, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1963) * 2012 Brigitte Engerer, French pianist (b. 1952) * 2013 Bobby Bland, American singer-songwriter (b. 1930) * 2013 Richard Matheson, American author (b. 1926) * 2014 Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor (b. 1960) * 2015 Chris Woodhead, English educationist (b. 1946) * 2015 Helmuth Lohner, Austrian actor and theatre director (b. 1933) * 2015 Dick Van Patten, American actor (b. 1928) * 2015 Harvey Pollack, American sport statistician (b. 1922) * 2015 Thé Lau, Dutch singer and guitarist (b. 1952) * 2015 Magali Noël, French actress and singer (b. 1931) * 2016 James Green, American historian (b. 1944) * 2016 Stanley Mandelstam, American theoretical physicist (b. 1928) * 2016 Ralph Stanley, American musician (b. 1927) * 2017 Saman Kelegama, Sri Lankan economist (b. 1959) * 2017 Tonny van der Linden, Dutch footballer (b. 1932) * 2017 Mr. Pogo, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1951) * 2017 Gabe Pressman, American journalist (b. 1924) * 2017 Betty Metcalf, American politician (b. 1921) * 2018 Alberto Fouilloux, Chilean footballer (b. 1940) * 2018 Donald Hall, American poet (b. 1928) * 2018 Kim Jong-pil, Prime minister of South Korea (b. 1926) * 2018 Violeta Rivas, Argentine singer and actress (b. 1937) * 2019 Peter Ball, English bishop and convicted sex offender (b. 1932) * 2019 Dave Bartholomew, American musician, bandleader and songwriter (b. 1918) * 2019 Andrey Kharitonov, Russian actor (b. 1959) * 2019 Fernando Roldán, Chilean footballer (b. 1920) * 2019 George Rosenkranz, Hungarian-Mexican chemist (b. 1916) * 2019 Abdul Sattar, Pakistani political scientist and diplomat (b. 1931) == Observances == * National Day of Luxembourg (Grand Duke's official birthday) * Saint John's Eve, midsummer celebrations in some Northern Hemisphere countries * New Year in the Mapuche culture in southern Chile, related to the Southern Hemisphere's Winter solstice * United Nations Public Service Day * Victory Day (Estonia) * Father's Day (Poland, Nicaragua and Uganda) * Okinawa Memorial Day (after end of Battle of Okinawa) Category:Days of the year