Title: September 29 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 61 BC Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph, for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 48 BC Ptolemy XIII of Egypt had Pompey murdered and his head cut off on his 58th birthday. Pompey's head and ring are kept for Julius Caesar (some sources give September 28). * AD 855 Pope Benedict III becomes Pope. * 1015 St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim, present-day Lower Saxony, Germany, is consecrated; It is now on the UNESCO World Heritage List. * 1227 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for not taking part in the Crusades. * 1364 Battle of Auray – English forces defeat French at Brittany; end of the Breton War of Succession * 1567 At a dinner, the Duke of Alva arrests the Count of Egmont and the Count of Horne for treason. * 1717 An earthquake strikes Antigua, Guatemala, destroying much of the city. * 1760 The French surrender at Fort Detroit to the British. * 1774 Publication of the Sorrows of Young Werther makes Johann Wolfgang von Goethe famous. * 1789 United States War Department first establishes regular army with strength of several hundred men. * 1789 First United States Congress adjourns. * 1829 London's reorganized police force goes on duty, and later becomes known as Scotland Yard. The Metropolitan Police force is founded. * 1850 A Roman Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England, Wales by Pope Pius IX. * 1864 American Civil War: Battle of Chaffin's Farm is fought. * 1885 The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England, United Kingdom. === 1901 2000 === * 1902 Impresario David Belasco's first Broadway theater opens. * 1907 The cornerstone is laid at Washington National Cathedral. * 1911 Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire. * 1913 Mexican Revolution: The Battle of Torreon is fought. * 1918 Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces during World War I. * 1923 The British mandate for Palestine takes effect. * 1932 Chaco War: Last Day of the Battle of Boquerón. * 1934 The Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City is opened. * 1938 Britain and France, Nazi Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement allowing Germany to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. * 1939 World War II: Poland is divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. * 1941 Holocaust: The Babi Yar massacre begins. * 1943 World War II: United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice aboard the British ship Nelson off the shore of Malta. * 1944 World War II: Soviet forces invade Yugoslavia. * 1949 The Communist Party of China writes the Common Programme for the future People's Republic of China, which is declared by Mao Zedong two days later, on October 1. * 1954 Convention establishing CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed. * 1960 Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev disrupts the UN General Assembly meeting with a series of angry outbursts. * 1961 The New York Times publishes music critic Robert Sheldon's review of a performance from little known singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, which will lead to Dylan's discovery by Columbia Records representative John Hammond * 1962 Alouette 1, the first Canadian satellite is launched. * 1963 The University of East Anglia is founded in Norwich, England, United Kingdom. * 1964 Mafalda, a comic strip by the Argentine cartoonist Quino, first appears in newspapers. * 1966 The Chevrolet Camaro, originally named "Panther", is introduced. * 1971 Oman joins the Arab League. * 1972 Sino-Japanese relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China. * 1977 Muhammad Ali defends his heavyweight boxing world title against Earnie Shavers. * 1988 NASA resumes space shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster. * 1990 Washington National Cathedral is completed. * 1991 A military coup occurs in Haiti. * 1992 Fernando Collor de Mello, President of Brazil, resigns. * 1995 PlayStation goes on sale in Europe. * 1996 Super Mario 64, a well-known Nintendo 64 video game, is released in the US. === From 2001 === * 2002 The 14th Asian Games begin in Busan, South Korea. * 2004 The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth. * 2006 A plane collision in Brazil kills 154 people on board a Boeing 737. The cargo plane manages an emergency landing. * 2007 Calder Hall power station at Sellafield, Cumbria, England, is demolished. * 2008 The Dow Jones Industrial Average index falls by 777.68 points in a single day. * 2009 A magnitude 8.1 earthquake causes a tsunami near Samoa and American Samoa, killing at least 189 people, including 9 in Tonga. * 2013 At least 42 people are killed by members of Boko Haram in Gujba, Nigeria. * 2014 Ashraf Ghani is sworn in as President of Afghanistan. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 106 BC Pompey the Great, Roman politician and general (died 48 BC) * 1240 Margaret of England, Queen Consort of Scotland (died 1275) * 1276 King Christopher II of Denmark (died 1332) * 1328 Joan of Kent, mother of King Richard II of England (died 1385) * 1388 Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV of England (died 1421) * 1511 Michael Servetus, Spanish humanist, theologian, and scientist (died 1553) * 1518 Tintoretto, Italian painter (died 1594) * 1547 Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer (died 1616) * 1548 William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1621) * 1561 Adriaan van Roomen, Flemish mathematician (died 1615) * 1571 Caravaggio, Italian painter (died 1610) * 1636 Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1715) * 1678 Adrien-Maurice, 3rd Duke of Noailles, French soldier (died 1766) * 1691 Richard Challoner, English bishop (died 1781) * 1718 Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (died 1783) * 1725 Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British politician (died 1774) * 1735 James Keir, Scottish physician and chemist (died 1820) * 1758 Horatio Nelson, British admiral (died 1805) * 1766 Charlotte, Princess Royal (died 1828) * 1786 Guadalupe Victoria, 1st President of Mexico (died 1843) === 1801 1900 === * 1803 Jacques Charles Francois Sturm, French mathematician (died 1855) * 1810 Elizabeth Gaskell, English writer (died 1865) * 1810 Hugh Allan, Scottish-Canadian businessman (died 1882) * 1818 Nathaniel B. Baker, 24th Governor of New Hampshire (died 1876) * 1820 Henri, Count of Chambord, claimant to the French throne (died 1883) * 1843 Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (died 1882) * 1844 Miguel Angel Juarez Colman, President of Argentina (died 1909) * 1853 Princess Thyra of Denmark (died 1933) * 1863 Hugo Haase, German politician (died 1919) * 1864 Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer and philosopher (died 1936) * 1866 Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ukrainian politician (died 1934) * 1866 J. E. Casely Hayford, Ghanaian politician, lawyer and writer (died 1930) * 1867 Walther Rathenau, German politician (died 1922) * 1880 Liberato Pinto, Portuguese general and politician (died 1949) * 1881 Ludwig von Mises, Austrian-American economist, sociologist and philosopher (died 1973) * 1895 Roscoe Turner, American pilot (died 1970) * 1899 László Biró, Hungarian inventor (died 1985) * 1899 Billy Butlin, South African- British holiday entrepreneur (d. 1980) * 1900 Auguste van Pels, Dutch Holocaust victim (died 1945) * 1900 Michel Koliqi, Albanian cardinal (died 1997) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1954) * 1901 Lanza del Vasto, Italian philosopher, poet and activist (died 1981) * 1902 Miguel Aleman Valdes, President of Mexico (died 1983) * 1903 Diana Vreeland, American fashion designer (died 1989) * 1904 Greer Garson, British actress (died 1996) * 1904 Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (died 1970) * 1907 Gene Autry, American country music singer and actor (died 1998) * 1908 Eddie Tolan, American athlete (died 1967) * 1910 Virginia Bruce, American actress and singer (died 1982) * 1911 Charles Court, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Western Australia (died 2007) * 1912 Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (died 2007) * 1913 Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (died 1996) * 1913 Stanley Kramer, American movie director (died 2001) * 1913 Trevor Howard, English actor (died 1988) * 1915 Brenda Marshall, American actress (died 1992) * 1916 Antonio Buero Vallejos, Spanish playwright (died 2000) * 1919 Margot Hielscher, German singer and actress (died 2017) * 1919 Kira Zvorykina, Belarussian chess player (died 2014) * 1920 Peter D. Mitchell, English chemist (died 1992) * 1920 Vaclav Neumann, Czech conductor, violinist and violist (died 1995) * 1921 Franny Beecher, American guitarist (died 2014) * 1922 Esther Brand, South African athlete (died 2015) * 1922 Lizabeth Scott, American actress (died 2015) * 1923 Stan Berenstain, American writer and illustrator (died 2005) * 1924 Marina Berti, Italian actress (died 2002) * 1925 Steve Forrest, American actor (died 2013) * 1928 Gerhard Stoltenberg, German politician (died 2001) * 1928 Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury, English politician (died 2016) * 1930 Colin Dexter, English writer (died 2017) * 1931 Anita Ekberg, Swedish actress (died 2015) * 1931 James Watson Cronin, American nuclear physicist (died 2016) * 1931 Paul Oestreicher, German-English priest and theologian * 1932 Rainer Weiss, German-American physicist, 2017 Nobel laureate * 1932 Mehmood, Indian actor (died 2004) * 1932 Robert Benton, American director * 1933 Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (died 1986) * 1935 Jerry Lee Lewis, American early rock and roll musician * 1935 Mylene Demongeot, French actress * 1935 Ingrid Noll, German writer * 1936 Silvio Berlusconi, former Prime Minister of Italy * 1937 Nina Wang, Chinese businesswoman (died 2007) * 1938 Wim Kok, Dutch politician, former Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 2018) * 1939 Rhodri Morgan, Welsh politician, former First Minister of Wales (died 2017) * 1939 Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (died 2001) * 1939 Larry Linville, American actor (died 2000) * 1940 Nicola di Bari, Italian singer * 1940 Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (died 2014) * 1941 Fred West, British serial killer (died 1995) * 1942 Ian McShane, British actor * 1942 Jean-Luc Ponty, French jazz violinist * 1942 Bill Nelson, American politician * 1942 Madeline Kahn, American actress (died 1999) * 1942 Felice Gimondi, Italian cyclist (died 2019) * 1943 Mohammad Khatami, former President of Iran * 1943 Wolfgang Overath, German footballer * 1943 Lech Walesa, former President of Poland * 1945 Nadezhda Chizhova, Russian athlete * 1946 Steve Dalachinsky, American poet (died 2019) * 1946 Patricia Hodge, English actress * 1947 S. H. Kapadia, Chief Justice of India (died 2016) * 1948 Theo Jörgensmann, German jazz clarinet player * 1948 Mike Pinera, American singer- songwriter, guitarist and producer === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Maureen Caird, Australian athlete * 1951 Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile * 1951 Pier Luigi Bersani, Italian politician * 1951 Jutta Ditfurth, German author and activist * 1952 Gábor Csupo, Hungarian-born animator * 1952 Patrícia Gabancho, Argentine-Spanish writer (d. 2017) * 1952 Monika Zehrt, German athlete * 1954 Debbie Shapiro, American actress and singer * 1955 Ann Bancroft, American adventurer, polar explorer and writer * 1955 Gareth Davies, Welsh rugby player * 1955 Ken Weatherwax, American actor (died 2014) * 1956 Sebastian Coe, English athlete and politician * 1957 Chris Broad, English cricketer * 1957 Andrew Dice Clay, American comedian and actor * 1959 Raffaele Riefoli, Italian singer * 1961 Julia Gillard, Welsh-Australian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Australia * 1961 Stephanie Miller, American comedienne and radio host * 1961 Tom Sizemore, American actor * 1962 Janne Andersson, Swedish footballer and manager * 1966 Helsey Hawkins, American basketball player * 1966 Bujar Nishani, former President of Albania * 1968 Luke Goss, English actor and singer * 1968 Matt Goss, English singer * 1969 Erika Eleniak, American actress and model * 1969 Ivica Vastic, Austrian footballer * 1970 Emily Lloyd, English actress * 1971 Mackenzie Crook, English actor and comedian * 1972 Robert Webb, English comedian, actor and screenwriter (Peep Show) * 1974 Alexis Cruz, American actor * 1975 Albert Celades, Spanish footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 Andriy Shevchenko, Ukrainian footballer * 1977 Heath Bell, American baseball player * 1978 Aleš Fućak, Croatian comedian * 1979 Gaitana, Ukrainian singer * 1980 Patrick Agyemang, English footballer * 1980 Zachary Levi, American actor * 1980 Dallas Green, Canadian singer- songwriter and guitarist * 1981 Shane Smeltz, New Zealand footballer * 1982 Amy Williams, British skeleton bobsledder * 1984 Per Mertesacker, German footballer * 1984 Rune Almenning Jarstein, Norwegian footballer * 1985 Dani Pedrosa, Spanish motorcycle racer * 1987 Josh Farro, American bassist (Paramore) * 1988 Kevin Durant, American basketball player * 1989 Yevhen Konoplyanka, Ukrainian footballer * 1990 Doug Brochu, American actor * 1990 Sara Björk Gunnarsdóttir, Icelandic footballer * 1990 Lena Wermelt, German footballer * 1993 Carlos Salcedo, Mexican footballer * 1994 Halsey, American singer-songwriter * 1994 Andy Polo, Peruvian footballer * 1999 Juan Valentín Urdangarín, Spanish royal * 2008 Emma Tallulah Behn, member of the extended Norwegian Royal Family == Deaths == === Up to 1950 === * 48 BC Pompey the Great, Roman general (assassinated) (b. 106 BC) * 722 Leudwinus, Frankish bishop (b. 660) * 855 Lothair I, Emperor of the Romans (b. 795) * 1364 Charles de Blois, Duke of Brittany (b. 1319) * 1560 King Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1496) * 1637 Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint (b. 1600) * 1800 Michael Denis, Austrian poet (b. 1729) * 1804 Michael Hillegas, first Treasurer of the United States (b. 1728) * 1833 King Ferdinand VII of Spain (b. 1784) * 1862 William "Bull" Nelson, American military officer (b. 1824) * 1887 Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon (b. 1810) * 1900 Michael Denis, Austrian priest (b. 1729) * 1902 Émile Zola, French writer (b. 1840) * 1902 William Topaz McGonagall, Scottish poet (b. 1825) * 1908 Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian writer (b. 1839) * 1910 Winslow Homer, American painter (b. 1836) * 1913 Rudolf Diesel, German inventor and engineer (b. 1858) * 1925 Léon Bourgeois, French politician (b. 1851) * 1927 Willem Einthoven, Dutch doctor, won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1860) * 1930 Ilya Repin, Ukrainian painter (b. 1844) * 1937 Ray Ewry, American athlete (b. 1873) === 1951 2000 === * 1952 John Cobb, British racing driver (b. 1899) * 1953 Ernst Reuter, German politician (b. 1889) * 1958 Aarre Merikanto, Finnish composer (b. 1893) * 1964 Fred Tootell, American athlete (b. 1902) * 1967 Carson McCullers, American writer (b. 1917) * 1970 Edward Everett Horton, actor (b. 1886) * 1973 W. H. Auden, English poet (b. 1907) * 1975 Casey Stengel, American baseball player and coach (b. 1890) * 1981 Bill Shankly, Scottish football manager (b. 1913) * 1982 Monty Stratton, American Major League Baseball pitcher (b. 1912) * 1987 Henry Ford II, American businessman (b. 1917) * 1988 Charles Addams, American cartoonist (b. 1912) * 1989 August Anheuser Busch, Jr., American brewer (b. 1899) * 1993 Gordon Douglas, American movie director (b. 1907) * 1994 Cheb Hasni, Algerian singer (b. 1968) * 1996 Leslie Crowther, English comedian, actor and game show host (b. 1933) * 1997 Roy Lichtenstein, American artist (b. 1923) * 1998 Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (b. 1917) === From 2001 === * 2001 Nguyen Van Thieu, President of South Vietnam (b. 1923) * 2004 Christer Pettersson, Swedish murder suspect (b. 1947) * 2006 Louis-Albert Vachon, French-Canadian cardinal and Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1912) * 2006 Walter Hadlee, 91, New Zealand cricketer, (b. 1915) * 2007 Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress (b. 1927) * 2009 Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1930) * 2010 Georges Charpak, Polish-born physicist (b. 1924) * 2010 Tony Curtis, American actor (b. 1925) * 2010 Greg Giraldo, American comedian (b. 1965) * 2011 Hella Haasse, Dutch writer (b. 1918) * 2012 Hebe Camargo, Brazilian actress, singer and television presenter (b. 1929) * 2012 Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, American publisher (b. 1926) * 2013 Carl Joachim Classen, German scholar (b. 1928) * 2014 Miguel Boyer, French- Spanish economist and politician (b. 1939) * 2014 Luis Nishizawa, Mexican painter (b. 1918) * 2014 George Shuba, American baseball player (b. 1924) * 2015 Phil Woods, American jazz musician, bandleader and composer (b. 1931) * 2015 Hellmuth Karasek, German literary critic and journalist (b. 1934) * 2016 Miriam Defensor Santiago, Filipina politician (b. 1945) * 2017 Tom Alter, Indian actor (b. 1950) * 2017 Ludmila Belousova, Russian skater (b. 1935) * 2017 Magdalena Ribbing, Swedish etiquette expert, writer and journalist (b. 1940) * 2017 Dmitry Smolsky, Belarussian composer and teacher (b. 1937) * 2018 Alves Barbosa, Portuguese cyclist (b. 1931) * 2018 Otis Rush, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1935) * 2019 Beatriz Aguirre, Mexican actress (b. 1925) * 2019 Busbee, American songwriter (b. 1976) * 2019 Ilkka Laitinen, Finnish military officer and politician (b. 1962) * 2019 Yuriy Meshkov, Russian politician (b. 1945) * 2020 Mac Davis, American country singer (b. 1942) * 2020 Helen Reddy, Australian-American singer (b. 1941) == Observances == * Christian Feast Day of Michaelmas and Feast day of the three Archangels, honouring St. Michael, St. Gabriel and St. Raphael * Inventors' Day in Argentina * International Coffee Day * Victory of Boquerón Day (Paraguay)