Title: April 27 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 33 BC - Lucius Marcius Philippus, step- brother of future Roman Emperor Augustus, celebrates a triumph for his victories while serving as Governor in one of the Provinces of Hispania. * 711 - Islamic Conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus). * 1296 – First Scottish War of Independence: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar. * 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines. * 1522 - Combined forces of Spain and the Papal States defeat a French and Venetian army at the Battle of Bicocca. * 1539 – Re-founding of Bogota, in present-day Colombia. * 1565 – Cebu is established as the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines. * 1749 – First performance of George Frideric Handel's Music of the Fireworks in Green Park, London. * 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Ridgefield - A British invasion force engages and defeats Continental Army regulars and militia irregulars at Ridgefield, Connecticut. * 1810 - Ludwig van Beethoven composes the musical piece Für Elise. * 1813 - War of 1812: US troops capture the capital city of Upper Canada in the Battle of York (present-day Toronto). * 1840 – The foundation stone is laid for the new Palace of Westminster. * 1865 – The SS Sultana steamboat explodes and sinks on the Mississippi River, killing 1,700 people. === 1901 2000 === * 1904 – Chris Watson becomes Prime Minister of Australia. * 1908 - The 1908 Summer Olympics in London begin. * 1909 – Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdul Hamid II is overthrown by his brother Mehmed V. * 1914 – Honduras becomes a signatory of the Buenos Aires Convention. * 1927 – The Carabineros de Chile, the national police and gendarmerie of Chile, is created. * 1936 - United Auto Workers gains autonomy from the American Federation of Labor. * 1941 – World War II: German troops enter Athens. * 1945 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is arrested by Italian partisans. * 1945 - World War II: German troops are expelled from Finnish Lapland. * 1950 - Apartheid: in South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating (separating) Black people from White people. * 1950 - The United Kingdom officially recognizes the state of Israel. * 1960 – Togo becomes independent from France. * 1961 – Sierra Leone becomes independent from the UK. * 1967 - The Expo 67, a trade fair, begins in Montreal, Canada. * 1974 - 10,000 people march in Washington, DC, calling for the impeachment for Richard Nixon. * 1977 - 28 people are killed in the Guatemala City air disaster. * 1981 - Xerox PARC introduces the computer mouse. * 1987 – The US Department of Justice bars Austrian President Kurt Waldheim from entering the United States over revelations of possible war crimes committed by him during World War II. * 1992 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is created, consisting of Serbia and Montenegro. * 1992 – Russia and 12 former Soviet Republics join the International Monetary Fund. * 1992 – Betty Boothroyd becomes the first female Speaker of the British House of Commons. * 1993 – Several members of the Zambia national football team are killed in a plane crash near Libreville, Gabon. * 1994 – South Africa holds its first general elections under free and equal conditions, with Nelson Mandela being elected President. * 1996 - The 1996 Lebanon war ends. * 1999 - Abdelaziz Bouteflika becomes President of Algeria. === From 2001 === * 2005 – The Superjumbo aircraft Airbus A380 makes its first flight in France. * 2006 – Construction begins on the Freedom Tower in New York City. * 2007 – The Bronze Soldier Soviet war memorial in Tallinn is removed by Estonian authorities, amidst tensions with Russia. * 2009 – The United Kingdom announces its first cases of the 2009 Swine flu outbreak. * 2011 - A tornado outbreak kills hundreds of people in the Southeastern United States. * 2014 - Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II are declared saints. * 2018 - South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un meet for talks. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 85 BC - Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Roman politician and general (d. 43 BC) * 1623 - Johann Adam Reinken, German organist and composer (d. 1722) * 1650 – Charlotte-Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1714) * 1676 – King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751) * 1701 – Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1773) * 1724 - Thomas Gardner, American politician and soldier (d. 1755) * 1755 - Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician (d. 1836) * 1759 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English writer and feminist (d. 1797) * 1770 - Edward Codrington, English admiral (d. 1851) * 1788 - Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect, archaeologist and writer (d. 1863) * 1791 – Samuel Morse, American inventor (d. 1872) * 1802 - Louis Niedermeyer, French-Swiss composer and teacher (d. 1861) * 1806 – Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (d. 1878) * 1820 – Herbert Spencer, English philosopher (d. 1908) * 1822 – Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (d. 1885) * 1840 – Edward Whymper, English mountaineer (d. 1911) * 1848 – Otto I of Bavaria (d. 1916) * 1853 - Jules Lemaitre, French critic and dramatist (d. 1914) * 1856 – Tongzhi Emperor of China (d. 1875) * 1857 - Theodor Kittelsen, Norwegian artist (d. 1914) * 1860 – Frank Winkelmeier, Austrian, tallest man at the time of his death (d. 1887) * 1862 - Rudolph Schildkraut, Turkish-American actor (d. 1930) * 1866 - Marcel Raoul-Duval, French polo player (d. 1916) * 1875 – Maurice de Broglie, French physicist (d. 1960) * 1878 - John Rimmer, British athlete (d. 1962) * 1878 - Frank Gotch, American wrestler (d. 1917) * 1880 - Mihkel Lüdig, Estonian organist, composer and conductor (d. 1958) * 1882 - Jessie Redmon Fauset, American author and poet (d. 1961) * 1887 - Warren Wood, American golfer (d. 1926) * 1888 - Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (d. 1917) * 1892 - Albert Rudomine, French photographer (d. 1975) * 1893 - Allen Sothoron, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1939) * 1893 - Prince Paul of Yugoslavia (d. 1976) * 1894 - Nicolas Slonimsky, Russian composer, conductor, musician, critic and writer (d. 1995) * 1894 – George Petty, American artist (d. 1975) * 1896 - William Hudson, Australian engineer (d. 1978) * 1896 - Wallace Carothers, American chemist (d. 1937) * 1898 - Ludwig Bemelmans, Italian-American author and illustrator (d. 1962) * 1899 – Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (d. 1994) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 - Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté, Malian educator and activist (d. 1942) * 1903 - Horace Stoneham, American businessman (d. 1990) * 1904 – Cecil Day-Lewis, Irish poet and writer (d. 1972) * 1904 - Nikos Zachariadis, Greek politician (d. 1973) * 1905 - John Huck, American javelin thrower and shot putter (d. 1986) * 1909 - Guillermo León Valencia, President of Colombia (d. 1971) * 1910 – Chiang Ching-kuo, Chinese-Taiwanese politician (d. 1988) * 1911 - Chris Berger, Dutch sprinter (d. 1965) * 1912 - Zohra Sehgal, Indian actress, dancer and choreographer (d. 2014) * 1912 - Jacques de Bourbon Busset, French novelist, essayist and politician (d. 2001) * 1913 - Luz Long, German long jumper (d. 1943) * 1918 - Sten Rudholm, Swedish jurist (d. 2008) * 1920 - Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956) * 1920 – Edwin Morgan, Scottish poet (d. 2010) * 1921 - Robert Dhéry, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2004) * 1922 - Martin Gray, Polish Holocaust survivor and writer (d. 2016) * 1922 - Jack Klugman, American actor (d. 2012) * 1926 - Tim LaHaye, American minister, author and speaker (d. 2016) * 1927 – Coretta Scott King, American Civil Rights activist (d. 2006) * 1927 - Sheila Scott, English aviator (d. 1988) * 1929 - Nina Ponomaryova, Russian athlete (d. 2016) * 1931 – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist * 1931 - Krzysztof Komeda, Polish jazz pianist (d. 1969) * 1932 – Anouk Aimée, French actress * 1932 – Casey Kasem, American radio show host and voice actor (d. 2014) * 1932 - Derek Minter, English motorcycle racer (d. 2014) * 1932 – Pik Botha, South African politician (d. 2018) * 1932 - Chuck Knox, American football coach (d. 2018) * 1932 - Gian-Carlo Rota, Italian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1999) * 1939 - Stanislaw Dziwisz, Polish cardinal * 1939 - Jerry Mercer, Canadian drummer * 1939 - Joao Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (d. 2009) * 1941 - Fethullah Gülen, Turkish politician and religious leader * 1942 - Valeri Polyakov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut * 1943 - Ryszard Bugajski, Polish film director (d. 2019) * 1944 – Michael Fish, English weather presenter * 1944 – Cuba Gooding, Sr., American singer (d. 2017) * 1944 - Stoker Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire, English academic and politician * 1947 - Nick Greiner, Hungarian-Australian politician, 37th Premier of New South Wales * 1947 - Pete Ham, Welsh singer-songwriter and musician (d. 1975) * 1947 - Ann Peebles, American singer-songwriter * 1948 – Josef Hickersberger, Austrian footballer and coach * 1948 - Frank Abagnale, American security consultant and trickster * 1949 - Jean Asselborn, Luxembourgish politician * 1950 – Paolo Pulici, Italian footballer === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Ace Frehley, American musician * 1951 - Viviane Reding, Luxembourgish journalist and politician * 1952 – Ari Vatanen, Finnish rally driver * 1953 - Arielle Dombasle, French-American actress and singer * 1954 – Frank Bainimarama, Fijian politician * 1954 – Herman Edwards, American football manager * 1954 - John Cygan, American actor (d. 2017) * 1955 - Eric Schmidt, American entrepreneur, former CEO of Google * 1956 - Bridget Kendall, English journalist * 1957 - Adrian Utley, English musician * 1959 - Andrew Fire, American Nobel Prize-winning biologist * 1959 – Sheena Easton, Scottish singer * 1959 – Jim Duffy, Scottish footballer and coach * 1961 - Moana Pozzi, Italian pornographic actress, television personality, model, politician and writer (d. 1994) * 1961 - Andrew Schlafly, American conservative lawyer and activist * 1962 - Edvard Moser, Norwegian neurologist, 2014 Nobel Prize winner * 1963 – Russell T Davies, Welsh television writer * 1965 - Anna Chancellor, English actress * 1966 - Yoshihiro Togashi, Japanese manga artist * 1967 – King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands * 1967 - Tommy Smith, Scottish saxophonist, composer and educator * 1968 - Cristian Mungiu, Romanian filmmaker * 1969 – Darcey Bussell, English ballerina * 1969 – Mica Paris, English singer * 1969 – Tess Daly, English television presenter * 1969 - Cory Booker, American politician * 1971 - Olari Elts, Estonian conductor === From 1976 === * 1976 - Sally Hawkins, English actress * 1976 - Isobel Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter and cellist * 1976 - Walter Pandiani, Uruguayan footballer * 1976 - Faisal Saif, Indian director, screenwriter and critic * 1976 - Olaf Tufte, Norwegian rower * 1978 - Jim James, American singer, songwriter and guitarist (My Morning Jacket) * 1980 – Christian Lara, Ecuadorean footballer * 1981 – Patrik Gerrbrand, Swedish footballer * 1981 - Fabrizio Faniello, Maltese singer-songwriter * 1982 - Nicole Hosp, Austrian politician * 1983 - Ari Gaynor, American actress * 1984 – Patrick Stump, American musician * 1984 - Pierre-Marc Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player * 1984 - Hannes Thór Halldórsson, Icelandic footballer and filmmaker * 1986 - Jenna Coleman, British actress * 1986 – Dinara Safina, Russian tennis player * 1986 – Elena Risteska, Macedonian singer * 1987 - William Moseley, English actor * 1988 - Semyon Varlamov, Russian ice hockey player * 1989 – Lars Bender, German footballer * 1989 – Sven Bender, German footballer * 1989 - Emily Rios, American actress and model * 1990 - Robin Bengtsson, Swedish singer * 1990 - Martin Kelly, English footballer * 1991 - Lara Gut, Swiss skier * 1992 – Allison Iraheta, American actress * 1995 - Nick Kyrgios, Australian tennis player == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 630 – Ardashir III of Persia * 1272 – Zita, Italian saint (b. 1212) * 1404 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1342) * 1463 – Isidore of Kiev (b. 1385) * 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese explorer (b. 1480) * 1605 – Pope Leo XI (b. 1535) * 1613 - Robert Abercromby, Scottish priest and missionary (b. 1532) * 1656 - Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter (b. 1596) * 1694 - John George IV, Elector of Saxony (b. 1668) * 1794 - James Bruce, Scottish traveller and travel writer (b. 1730) * 1813 - Zebulon Pike, American general and explorer (b. 1779) * 1818 - Christopher Greenup, 3rd Governor of Kentucky (b. 1750) * 1882 – Ralph Waldo Emerson, American essayist (b. 1803) * 1896 - Henry Parkes, English statesman and politician (b. 1815) === 1901 2000 === * 1915 – Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872) * 1932 - Hart Crane, American poet (b. 1899) * 1937 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian Communist writer and politician (b. 1891) * 1952 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (b. 1865) * 1962 - A. K. Fazlul, Bengali statesman (b. 1883) * 1965 - Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (b. 1908) * 1969 – René Barrientos, President of Bolivia (b. 1919) * 1972 – Kwame Nkrumah, 1st President of Ghana (b. 1909) * 1977 - Stanley Adams, American actor (b. 1915) * 1977 - Scott Bradley, American composer, pianist and conductor (b. 1891) * 1979 - Celal Atik, Turkish sports wrestler and trainer (b. 1918) * 1989 - Konosuke Matsushita, Japanese industrialist (b. 1894) * 1991 – Robert Velter, French comic writer (b. 1909) * 1992 - Olivier Messiaen, French organist and composer (b. 1908) * 1996 - Gilles Grangier, French director and screenwriter (b. 1911) * 1996 – William Colby, American CIA director (b. 1920) * 1998 – Carlos Castaneda, Peruvian writer (b. 1925) * 2000 - Vicki Sue Robinson, American actress and singer (b. 1954) === From 2001 === * 2002 – Ruth Handler, American businesswoman and inventor of the Barbie doll (b. 1916) * 2002 - Baron Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Dutch-Swiss businessman (b. 1921) * 2006 - Julia Thorne, American writer (b. 1944) * 2007 – Mstislav Rostropovich, Russian cellist and conductor (b. 1927) * 2009 - Feroz Khan, Indian actor (b. 1939) * 2013 - Aloysius Jin Luxian, Chinese bishop (b. 1916) * 2014 - Yigal Arnon, Israeli lawyer (b. 1929) * 2014 - Vujadin Boskov, Serbian footballer, coach and manager (b. 1931) * 2014 - Harry Firth, Australian racing driver (b. 1918) * 2014 - Andréa Parisy, French actress (b. 1935) * 2015 - Andrew Lesnie, Australian cinematographer (b. 1956) * 2015 - Verne Gagne, American professional wrestler and football player (b. 1926) * 2015 - Suzanne Crough, American actress (b. 1963) * 2015 - Gene Fullmer, American boxer (b. 1931) * 2015 - Guy LeBlanc, Canadian keyboardist (b. 1960) * 2015 - Marty Napoleon, American jazz pianist (b. 1921) * 2016 - Toms, Indian cartoonist (b. 1929) * 2017 - Peter George, Canadian academic (b. 1941) * 2017 - Vinod Khanna, Indian actor (b. 1946) * 2017 - Vinu Chakravarthy, Indian actor (b. 1945) * 2017 - Julius Youngner, American virologist (b. 1920) * 2018 - Paul Junger Witt, American film and television producer (b. 1941) * 2018 - Roy Young, English singer and pianist (b. 1937) * 2018 - Earl Balfour, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1933) * 2018 - Michael Luscombe, Australian chief executive (b. 1953) * 2018 - Kristin Nelson, American actress, painter and author (b. 1945) * 2019 - Aleksey Lebed, Russian military officer and politician (b. 1955) * 2019 - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (b. 1943) * 2019 - Bart Chilton, American civil servant (b. 1960) == Observances == * Independence Day in Togo (1960) and Sierra Leone (1961) * Freedom Day in South Africa * World Tapir Day * King's Day in the Netherlands from 2014 (to be observed on April 26 when the 27th is a Sunday, including in 2014 itself) Category:Days of the year