Title: July 14 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 756 - An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang of China flees the capital Chang'an as An Lushan's forces advance toward the city. * 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France. * 1769 - Spanish soldier Gaspar de Portola leads the first European land expedition to present- day California. * 1771 - Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junipero Serra. * 1789 – The Bastille is attacked, starting the French Revolution. * 1790 – The citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fete de la Federation. * 1798 - La Marseillaise becomes the national anthem of France * 1798 - The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States, making it a federal crime to write, publish or say heavily critical or false statements about the United States Government. * 1853 - Start of the first major World's Fair to take place in the United States, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City. * 1865 – The first ascent of the Matterhorn is made, by a team lead by Edward Whymper. Four members of the group die on the way back down. * 1865 - Piz Buin, the highest peak in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, first climbed by a team of four led by Joseph Anton Specht. * 1881 – At Fort Sumner, New Mexico, Pat Garrett shoots and kills Billy the Kid. * 1900 - The Armies of the Eight Nation Alliance capture Tientsin, China, during the Boxer Rebellion. === 1901 2000 === * 1902 - The Campanile in Saint Mark's Square, Venice, collapses. * 1911 - Henry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers, lands his airplane on the South Lawn of the White House. * 1916 - World War I: Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme. * 1920 - The Red Army conquers Vilnius during the Polish-Soviet War. * 1933 – Gleichschaltung: All political parties, apart from the Nazi Party, are banned in Germany. * 1943 - In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the US National Monument in honor of an African American. * 1948 - Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded outside the Italian Parliament. * 1950 - Korean War: North Korean troops start the Battle of Taejon. * 1951 - At Silverstone, England, Argentina's Jose Froilan Gonzalez achieves Ferrari's first Formula One Grand Prix victory. * 1957 - In Egypt, Rawya Ateya becomes the first Member of the Parliament in the Arab world. * 1958 – King Faisal II of Iraq is killed, and the monarchy is overthrown by forces lead by Abdul Karim Kassem, who takes over as head of state. * 1958 - In Ghana, the Ghanaian pound replaces the colonial British West African pound. * 1960 - Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild. * 1964 - Frenchman Jacques Anquetil wins his 5th Tour de France and his 4th in a row. * 1965 - The Mariner 4 fly- by of Mars takes the first close-up photographs of a planet other than Earth. * 1969 – Football War: After Honduras loses a football match against El Salvador, riots break out against El Salvadoran migrant workers in Honduras. * 1969 - In the US, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10 000 dollar bills are withdrawn from circulation. * 1976 - Capital punishment is banned in Canada. * 1987 - Montreal is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal flood of 1987. * 2000 - A powerful solar flare causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth. === From 2001 === * 2002 – An assassination attempt is made on French President Jacques Chirac at a Bastille Day parade. * 2003 – The United States Government admits the existence of Area 51. * 2006 - Tropical storm Bilis strikes the Chinese mainland - Hunan province experiences its worst flooding in 100 years. * 2007 - The Gran Telescopio Canarias reflecting telescope begins operations on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands. * 2011 – The United Nations admits South Sudan as the 193rd member nation. * 2014 - The Church of England votes in favor of having female bishops at its General Synod (its official meeting). * 2015 - The novel Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee goes on sale. * 2015 - A deal is struck on limiting Iran's nuclear programme in return for sanctions relief. * 2015 - The New Horizons space probe passes by the dwarf planet Pluto. * 2016 - 2016 Nice attack: A truck is driven through a crowd celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, Southern France, killing 84 people. * 2018 - Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German to win the women's singles title at the Wimbledon championships since Steffi Graf in 1996, by defeating Serena Williams in two sets in the final. * 2019 - Novak Djokovic wins a five- set final against Roger Federer to win his fifth singles title at the Wimbledon championships. * 2019 - England wins the men's Cricket World Cup for the first time, defeating New Zealand in a close match in the final. * 2019 - US President Donald Trump causes controversy and debate with a Twitter attack on four ethnic minority Democrat Congresswomen also known as "The Squad" - Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib and Ayanna Pressley. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1454 – Poliziano, Italian humanist (d. 1494) * 1602 – Jules Mazarin, French statesman and cardinal (d. 1661) * 1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670) * 1634 - Pasquier Quesnel, French theologian (d. 1719) * 1675 - Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French nobleman, soldier and adventurer (d. 1747) * 1676 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian and poet (d. 1763) * 1743 - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816) * 1743 - William Paley, English theologian and philosopher (d. 1805) * 1798 - Alessandro Antonelli, Italian architect (d. 1888) * 1829 – Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896) * 1830 - Henry Bird, English chess player (d. 1908) * 1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1928) * 1859 - Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928) * 1860 – Owen Wister, American writer (d. 1938) * 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918) * 1865 - Arthur Capper, 20th Governor of Kansas (d. 1951) * 1866 - Ragnar Ostberg, Swedish architect (d. 1945) * 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926) * 1872 - Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939) * 1874 – Khedive Abbas II of Egypt and Sudan (d. 1944) * 1882 - Teddy Billington, American racing cyclist (d. 1966) * 1885 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959) * 1888 - Scipio Slataper, Italian author and critic (d. 1915) * 1889 – Ante Pavelic, Croatian fascist leader (d. 1959) * 1891 - Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and screenwriter (d. 1977) * 1893 - Clarence J. Brown, American publisher and politician (d. 1965) * 1893 - Garimella Satyanarayana, Indian poet and freedom fighter (d. 1952) * 1893 - J. G. Strijdom, Prime minister of South Africa (d. 1958) * 1894 - Dave Fleischer, American animator, director and producer (d. 1979) * 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936) * 1897 - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Thai general and politician, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1964) * 1898 - Happy Chandler, 49th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1991) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 - George Tobias, American actor and singer (d. 1980) * 1903 – Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989) * 1904 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish Yiddish writer (d. 1991) (possibly born on November 21) * 1906 – William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983) * 1910 – William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001) * 1912 – Northrop Frye, American literary critic (d. 1991) * 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (d. 1967) * 1913 – Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006) * 1916 – Natalia Ginzburg, writer (d. 1991) * 1917 - George Bookasta, American actor and director (d. 2014) * 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie and theatre director (d. 2007) * 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director (d. 2011) * 1919 – Lino Ventura, Italian-born actor (d. 1987) * 1921 – Leon Garfield, English children's writer (d. 1996) * 1921 - Sixto Durán Ballén, 48th President of Ecuador (d. 2016) * 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist (d. 1996) * 1922 – Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (d. 2007) * 1923 - Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013) * 1923 - Willie Steele, American long jumper (d. 1989) * 1925 - Francisco Alvarez Martinez, Spanish former Archbishop of Toledo * 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor (d. 2017) * 1928 - Laurie Mitchell, American actress (d. 2018) * 1930 - Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (d. 2014) * 1931 - Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer and sculptor * 1932 - Anatoli Isayev, Russian footballer (d. 2016) * 1933 – Franz, Duke of Bavaria, head of Wittelsbach family and part of Jacobite Succession * 1933 - Robert Bourassa, 22nd Premier of Quebec (d. 1996) * 1935 - Ei-ichi Negishi, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize winner * 1936 - Robert F. Overmyer, American pilot and astronaut (d. 1996) * 1937 - Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician, former Prime Minister of Japan * 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American activist (d. 1994) * 1938 - Tommy Vig, Hungarian vibraphone player, drummer and composer * 1939 – George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer * 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech singer (d. 2019) * 1939 - Sid Haig, American actor (d. 2019) * 1941 - Gérard Férey, French chemist (d. 2017) * 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American writer amd activist * 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish European Union foreign policy chief * 1945 - Jim Gordon, American musician * 1946 - Sue Lawley, English broadcaster * 1946 - Vincent Pastore, American actor * 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor * 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius * 1948 - Goodwill Zwelithni kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king * 1948 - Eliza Manningham-Buller, British MI5 director * 1948 - Earl Williams, American baseball player (d. 2013) === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003) * 1952 - Bob Casale, American guitarist * 1952 - Eric Laneuville, American director, actor and producer * 1953 - Bebe Buell, American model and actress * 1954 Sally Farmiloe, British actress (b. 2014) * 1955 - L. Brent Bozell III, American journalist and activist * 1957 - Scot Breithaupt, American motorcycle racer (d. 2015) * 1958 - Anne Hegerty, English quiz player and television personality * 1959 - Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (d. 2016) * 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician, former Premier of Queensland * 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress * 1960 - Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer-songwriter and activist * 1960 - Kyle Gass, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor * 1960 - Mike McPhee, Canadian ice hockey player * 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor * 1962 - Antonio Díaz Sánchez, Cuban activist * 1963 - Jacques Lacombe, Canadian organist and conductor * 1963 - John Colquhoun, Scottish footballer * 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor * 1966 – Owen Coyle, Scottish football manager * 1966 - Ellen Reid, Canadian singer and pianist (Crash Test Dummies) * 1967 – Madalina Manole, Romanian singer (d. 2010) * 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician * 1967 – Robin Ventura, baseball player * 1969 - Carlo de Gavardo, Chilean rally driver and motorcycle racer (d. 2015) * 1971 - Pui Fan Lee, English actress and presenter * 1971 – Howard Webb, English football referee * 1971 - Nick McCabe, English guitarist * 1971 - Madhu Sapre, Indian model * 1973 – Kota Hirano, Japanese manga artist * 1973 - Halil Mutlu, Turkish weightlifter * 1974 – David Mitchell, British comedian * 1975 – Taboo, American rapper === From 1976 === * 1976 – Geraint Jones, English cricketer * 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden * 1979 - Sergei Ignashevich, Russian footballer * 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier * 1981 – Lee Mead, English stage actor * 1982 – Fernando Lope de Vergara, Argentinian handball manager * 1983 – Igor Andreev, Russian tennis player * 1984 – Nilmar Honorato da Silva, Brazilian footballer * 1984 - Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer * 1984 - Samir Handanovic, Slovenian footballer * 1986 - Alexander Gerndt, Swedish footballer * 1986 - Dan Smith, English singer (Bastille) * 1987 - Sara Canning, Canadian actress * 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer * 1987 - Ryan Sweeting, American tennis player * 1988 - Olli Muotka, Finnish ski jumper * 1989 - Sean Flynn, American singer and actor * 1991 - Shabazz Napier, American basketball player * 1995 - Kim Hyo-joo, South Korean golfer * 1999 - Camryn, American singer and actress == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 664 - Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury * 937 - Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria * 1223 – King Philip II of France (b. 1165) * 1486 – Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (b. 1456) * 1575 - Richard Taverner, English translator of the Bible (b. 1505) * 1614 - Camillus de Lellis, Italian priest and saint (b. 1550) * 1704 - Sophia Alexeyevna of Russia (b. 1657) * 1742 - Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662) * 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (b. 1721) * 1789 – Bernard-Rene de Launay, Governor of the Bastille prison (b. 1740) * 1790 - Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717) * 1809 - Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek monk and saint (b. 1749) * 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1750) * 1817 - Germaine de Stael, Swiss writer (b. 1766) * 1827 - Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788) * 1850 – August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789) * 1876 - Thomas Hazlehurst, English architect (b. 1816) * 1881 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859) === 1901 2000 === * 1904 – Paul Kruger, South African Boer politician (b. 1824) * 1907 - William Henry Perkin, British chemist (b. 1838) * 1910 - Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1898) * 1917 - Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887) * 1918 - Quentin Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897) * 1924 - Isabella Ford, British suffragette, activist and peer (b. 1855) * 1935 - Edoardo Agnelli, Italian industrialist (b. 1892) * 1936 - Ghan Gopal Mukerji, Indian writer (b. 1890) * 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech artist (b. 1860) * 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer (b. 1866) * 1954 - Jackie Saunders, American actress (b. 1892) * 1958 – King Faisal II of Iraq (b. 1935) * 1965 – Adlai Stevenson, American politician (b. 1900) * 1966 - Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878) * 1967 - Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880) * 1968 – Ilzas Tsirimkas, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907) * 1970 - Luis Mariano, Spanish Basque singer (b. 1914) * 1974 - Carl Spaatz, American air force (b. 1891) * 1990 - Walter Sedlmayer, German actor (b. 1926) * 1993 - Léo Ferré, French singer-songwriter, poet and pianist (b. 1916) * 1994 - César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940) * 1998 - Richard McDonald, American businessman (b. 1909) === From 2001 === * 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906) * 2005 - Cicely Saunders, British nurse (b. 1918) * 2005 - Tilly Fleischer, German athlete (b. 1911) * 2010 – Charles Mackerras, Australian conductor (b. 1925) * 2010 – Madalina Manole, Romanian singer (b. 1967) * 2012 - Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier (b. 1929) * 2014 - Alice Coachman, American athlete (b. 1923) * 2014 - Leopoldo Verona, Argentine actor (b. 1931) * 2014 - Vange Leonel, Brazilian singer- songwriter, journalist, novelist, playwright and activist (b. 1963) * 2014 - Martin Richard Hoffmann, American politician (b. 1932) * 2014 - Tom Rolf, Swedish-American film editor (b. 1931) * 2015 - M. S. Viswanathan, Indian film score composer (b. 1928) * 2015 - Olaf Pooley, English actor (b. 1914) * 2016 - Hallard White, New Zealand rugby league player (b. 1929) * 2016 - Helena Benitez, Filipino politician and educator (b. 1914) * 2016 - Péter Esterházy, Hungarian writer (b. 1949) * 2016 - Sharon Runner, American politician (b. 1954) * 2016 - Michael J. Elliott, British journalist and magazine editor (b. 1951) * 2016 - Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Tunisian terrorist, perpetrator of the 2016 Nice attack (b. 1985) * 2017 - Mahi Beamer, American singer and dancer (b. 1928) * 2017 - Anne Golon, French novelist and journalist (b. 1921) * 2017 - Julia Hartwig, Polish poet and journalist (b. 1921) * 2017 - William "Hootie" Johnson, American banker and sports administrator (b. 1931) * 2017 - Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (b. 1977) * 2018 - Mario Casalinuovo, Italian politician (b. 1922) * 2018 - Gordon Chong, Canadian politician (b. 1943) * 2018 - Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister of Namibia (b. 1938) * 2018 - Masa Saito, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1942) * 2018 - Petr Weigl, Czech director and playwright (b. 1939) * 2018 - Hans Kronberger, German- Austrian politician (b. 1951) * 2019 - Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (b. 1930) * 2019 - Terry Hodgkinson, British businessman (b. 1949) * 2019 - Nereo Laroni, Italian politician (b. 1942) * 2019 - Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (b. 1964) * 2019 - Paul Albert Zipfel, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1935) == Observances == * Bastille Day (France) * Republic Day (Iraq) * International Non-Binary People's Day