Title: February 8 Content: ==Events== === Up to 1900 === * 421 - Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 - Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1347 - End of the Byzantine Empire's civil war of 1341 to 1347. * 1575 - The University of Leiden in the Netherlands is founded. * 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots is executed. * 1601 - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex fails in an attempt to take over England from Elizabeth I. * 1676 - Tsar Alexis of Russia dies. His son, Feodor III of Russia, becomes Tsar. * 1725 – Tsar Peter I of Russia dies. * 1807 - Napoleonic Wars: In the Battle of Eylau in present-day Poland, Napoleon Bonaparte's French troops defeat the Russians under General Levin August, Count of Bennigsen. * 1817 - Juan Gregorio de las Heras crosses the Andes with an army to join Jose de San Martin in liberating Chile from Spain. * 1837 - The United States Senate chooses Richard Mentor Johnson to become Vice President of the United States. * 1853 - The Oregon Territory is split up, as the northern part becomes the Washington Territory. Oregon becomes a US State in 1859, with Washington doing the same in 1889. * 1855 - The Devil's Footprints mysteriously appear in Devon. * 1865 - Delaware votes to continue with the practice of slavery, though it bans it in 1901. * 1879 - Sandford Fleming proposes the idea of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institution. * 1879 - England's national cricket team is attacked in a riot in Sydney, Australia. * 1885 - The first Japanese immigrants to be allowed in by the then-Hawaiian government, arrive in Hawaii. * 1887 - The Henry L. Dawes Act allows the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land. === 1901 1950 === * 1904 - A surprise Japanese torpedo attack at Port Arthur, China, starts the Russo-Japanese War. * 1910 - The Boy Scouts of America is founded by William D. Boyce. * 1915 - D. W. Griffith's racist silent movie Birth of a Nation is first screened in Los Angeles, California. * 1922 - Warren G. Harding introduces the first radio in the White House. * 1924 - The first state execution by gas chamber takes place in Nevada. * 1937 - The Massacre of Malaga during the Spanish Civil War begins. Over the next few days, an estimated 10,000 people are killed. * 1942 - World War II: Japan invades Singapore. * 1945 - World War II: The United Kingdom and Canada start Operation Veritable to occupy the west bank of the Rhine. * 1946 - The first portion of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible is published. * 1948 - Official creation of the Korean People's Army in North Korea. * 1950 - The Stasi, East Germany's secret police, is founded. === 1951 2000 === * 1952 – Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Queen after the death of her father, King George VI of the United Kingdom, two days earlier. * 1960 - Queen Elizabeth II issues an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants would carry the name Mountbatten-Windsor. * 1960 - The first eight brass star plaques are installed at the Hollywood Walk of Fame. * 1962 - Charonne massacre: Nine Trade unionists are killed by French police, which had been allowed by the-then chief of Paris police, Maurice Papon. * 1963 - Travel, financial and commercial transactions by US citizens in Cuba are banned by the John F. Kennedy administration. * 1963 - The first full-color television programme is broadcast in Mexico City. * 1963 - Iraq's Prime Minister, Brigadier-General Abdul-Karim Qassem is overthrown by the Ba'ath Party. * 1965 - Eastern Airlines Flight 663 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean shortly after take-off from New York John F. Kennedy International Airport, after trying to avoid a mid-air collision. All on board are killed. * 1968 - An attack on African American students from South Carolina State University, protesting in Orangeburg, South Carolina, kills 3 or 4. * 1969 - The so-called Allende meteorite lands in Chihuahua State, Mexico. * 1971 - South Vietnamese ground forces enter Laos. * 1971 – The NASDAQ stock market index opens. * 1974 - After 84 days in space, the crew of Skylab 4 returns to Earth. * 1974 - A military coup occurs in Upper Volta, present-day Burkina Faso. * 1978 - United States Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time. * 1979 - Denis Sassou-Nguesso is elected President of the Republic of the Congo. * 1981 - 21 football fans are trampled to death in Neo Faliro, Greece, after a match between Olympiakos and AEK Athens. * 1983 - After a record-breaking drought, the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia is affected by a dust storm, and a red dust cloud hangs over the city. * 1984 - The 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo begin. * 1986 - The Hinton train collision in southern Alberta, Canada, kills 23 people. * 1989 - An Independent Air Boeing 707 crashes into Pico Alto Mountain on Santa Maria island, Azores. * 1992 - The 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, begin. * 1993 – A plane crash in Tehran kills 115 people. * 1996 - The massive internet collaboration "24 Hours in Cyberspace" takes place. === From 2001 === * 2002 - The 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, begin. * 2010 - A freak storm in the Hindu Kush, Afghanistan, causes a series of at least 36 avalanches, killing at least 172 people, and trapping many travelers in the region. * 2013 - A strong winter storm affects the northeastern United States. ==Births== === Up to 1800 === * 120 - Vettius Valens, Greek astrologer (d. 175) * 412 - Proclus, Greek philosopher (d. 485) * 1191 - Yaroslav II of Russia (d. 1246) * 1291 – Afonso IV of Portugal (d. 1357) * 1405 - Constantine XI Palaiologus, last Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1453) * 1487 - Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1550) * 1586 - Jacob Praetorius, German composer (d. 1651) * 1612 – Samuel Butler, English poet (d. 1680) * 1649 - Gabriel Daniel, French historian (d. 1728) * 1677 - Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1756) * 1700 – Daniel Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1782) * 1708 - Vaclav Jan Kopriva, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1789) * 1720 - Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1750) * 1754 - Isaac Tichenor, Governor of Vermont (d. 1838) * 1762 - Gia Long, Emperor of Vietnam (d. 1820) * 1792 - Carolina Augusta of Bavaria (d. 1873) * 1798 - Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (d. 1849) === 1801 1900 === * 1804 - Richard Lemon Lander, English explorer (d. 1834) * 1807 - Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, English sculptor and naturalist (d. 1889) * 1818 - Austin Blair, Governor of Michigan (d. 1894) * 1819 – John Ruskin, English writer (d. 1900) * 1820 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American Union General (d. 1891) * 1822 - Maxime Du Camp, French photographer and journalist (d. 1894) * 1825 - Henry Walter Bates, English scientist (d. 1892) * 1828 – Jules Verne, French writer (d. 1905) * 1828 - Antonio Canovas del Castillo, Spanish politician (d. 1897) * 1830 - Abdulaziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1876) * 1834 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907) * 1849 - Arisitide Cavallari, Italian cardinal and archbishop (d. 1914) * 1850 - Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904) * 1861 - Harry Ward Leonard, American engineer and inventor (d. 1915) * 1866 - Moses Gomberg, Russian-born American chemist (d. 1947) * 1876 - Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (d. 1907) * 1878 – Martin Buber, Austrian-Israeli philosopher (d. 1965) * 1880 - Franz Marc, German painter (d. 1916) * 1880 - Viktor Schwanneke, German stage director, stage and movie actor (d. 1931) * 1882 - Thomas Etholen Selfridge, American military officer and airplane crash victim (d. 1908) * 1883 – Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist (d. 1950) * 1884 - Reginald Baker, Australian athlete and actor (d. 1953) * 1886 - Charles Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970) * 1888 - Jakob Kaiser, German politician and activist (d. 1961) * 1890 - Claro M. Recto, Filipino statesman (d. 1960) * 1892 - Ralph Chubb, British poet, artist and printmaker (d. 1960) * 1893 - Ba Maw, Burmese politician (d. 1977) * 1894 - Ludwig Marcuse, German writer and philosopher (d. 1971) * 1894 - King Vidor, American movie director (d. 1982) * 1897 – Zakir Hussain, 3rd President of India (d. 1969) * 1899 - Lonnie Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970) * 1900 - Ivan Ivanov-Vano, Russian animator and director (d. 1987) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 – Demchugdongrub, Mongolian politician (d. 1966) * 1903 - Greta Keller, Austrian-American singer and actress (d. 1977) * 1903 - Aleksander Mitt, Estonian speed skater (d. 1942) * 1906 - Chester Carlson, American physicist and inventor (d. 1968) * 1909 - Elisabeth Murdoch, mother of Rupert Murdoch (d. 2012) * 1911 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (d. 1979) * 1911 - Big Joe Turner, American singer (d. 1985) * 1913 - Betty Field, American actress (d. 1973) * 1914 - Bill Finger, American comic writer (d. 1974) * 1920 - Bill Bemer, American computer programmer (d. 2004) * 1921 – Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995) * 1921 - Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi of Commonwealth Congregations (d. 1999) * 1921 - Eddie Rutherford, Scottish footballer (d. 2007) * 1922 - Yuri Averbakh, Russian chess player * 1924 – Khamtai Siphandone, former President of Laos * 1925 – Jack Lemmon, American actor and movie director (d. 2001) * 1926 - Neal Cassidy, American writer (d. 1968) * 1928 - Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Russian actor (d. 2009) * 1928 - Jack Larson, American actor, screenwriter and producer (d. 2015) * 1929 - Claude Rich, French actor (d. 2017) * 1930 - Catherine Hardy Lavender, American athlete (d. 2017) * 1931 – James Dean, American actor (d. 1955) * 1932 – Horst Eckel, German footballer * 1932 – John Williams, American composer and director * 1932 - Cliff Allison, British racing driver (d. 2005) * 1933 - Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano * 1933 - Jack Larson, American actor * 1936 - Larry Verne, American singer * 1937 - Manfred Krug, German actor (d. 2016) * 1937 - Harry Wu, Chinese activist (d. 2016) * 1941 - Jagjit Singh, Indian musician (d. 2011) * 1941 - Nick Nolte, American actor * 1941 - Tom Rush, American singer and songwriter * 1944 – Roger Lloyd-Pack, British actor (d. 2014) * 1945 – Kinza Clodumar, former President of Nauru * 1947 - John Roll, American judge (d. 2011) * 1947 - Yi Zhongtian, Chinese writer * 1948 - Ron Tyson, American singer * 1948 - Lynda Lyon Block, American convicted murderer (d. 2002) * 1949 - Brooke Adams, American actress === 1951 1975 === * 1951 - Rosario Crocetta, Italian politician, former President of Sicily * 1952 - Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer (d. 2014) * 1952 - Carolyn Pickles, British actress * 1953 – Mary Steenburgen, American actress * 1955 – John Grisham, American writer * 1955 - Nancy Oliver, American playwright and television writer * 1956 - Marques Johnson, American basketball player * 1957 - Mehmet Ali Erbil, Turkish comedian, actor and talk show host * 1958 - Marina Silva, Brazilian environmental activist and politician * 1958 - Sherri Martel, American professional wrestler (d. 2007) * 1959 - Irina Kalinina, Soviet- Russian diver * 1959 - Mauricio Macri, Argentine businessman and politician, President of Argentina * 1960 – Benigno Aquino III, former President of the Philippines (d. 2021) * 1960 – Alfred Gusenbauer, former Chancellor of Austria * 1960 - Dino Ciccarelli, Canadian ice hockey player * 1961 - Vince Neil, American singer * 1961 - Bruce Timm, American character designer, animator and producer * 1963 - Mohammad Azharuddin, Indian cricketer * 1963 - Jon Hjartarson, Icelandic chess player * 1964 - Trinny Woodall, British fashion designer, author and television personality * 1966 – Bruno Labbadia, German footballer * 1966 – Hristo Stoichkov, Bulgarian footballer * 1967 – Lorenzo Minotti, Italian footballer * 1968 – Gary Coleman, American actor (d. 2010) * 1969 - Mary McCormack, American actress * 1971 - Andrus Veerpalu, Estonian cross-country skier * 1971 - Aidy Boothroyd, English footballer and manager * 1972 - Big Show, American wrestler and actor * 1974 - Guy-Manuel de Homem- Christo, French disc jockey (Daft Punk) * 1974 – Seth Green, American actor * 1974 – Kimbo Slice, American mixed martial artist (d. 2016) * 1974 – Ulises de la Cruz, Ecuadorean footballer === From 1976 === * 1976 - Khaled Mashud, Bangladeshi cricketer * 1976 - Adam Pialt, American baseball player * 1976 - Abi Titmuss, English glamour model * 1977 – Sverre Andreas Jakobsson, Icelandic handball player * 1977 - Mathieu Turcotte, Canadian short-track speed skater * 1977 - Dave Farrell, American musician * 1979 - Aaron Cook, American baseball player * 1979 - Josh Keaton, American actor and singer * 1980 - Ralf Little, English actor and comedian * 1981 - Steve Gohouri, Ivorian footballer (d. 2015) * 1982 - Liam McIntyre, Australian actor * 1983 - Cory Jane, New Zealand rugby player * 1983 - Olga Syahputra, Indonesian comedian (d. 2015) * 1983 - Jim Verraros, American singer and actor * 1984 - Manuel Osborne-Paradis, Canadian alpine skier * 1984 - Panagiotis Vasilopoulos, Greek basketball player * 1985 - Jeremy Davis, American musician (Paramore) * 1987 - Jessica Jerome, American ski jumper * 1987 – Carolina Kostner, Italian ice skater * 1987 - Francisco Javier Garcia, Spanish footballer * 1988 - Nozomi Sasaki, Japanese model * 1989 - Dani Harmer, English actress * 1990 - Bethany Hamilton, American surfer * 1990 - Klay Thompson, American basketball player * 1991 - Nam Woo-hyun, South Korean singer, composer, songwriter and actor * 1992 - Carl Jenkinson, English footballer * 1994 - Nikki Yanofsky, Canadian jazz and pop singer-songwriter * 1995 - Joshua Kimmich, German footballer * 1995 - Jordan Todosey, Canadian actress * 1996 - Kenedy, Brazilian footballer * 1997 - Kathryn Newton, American actress ==Deaths== === Up to 1900 === * 1204 - Alexius IV Angelus, Eastern Roman Emperor (b. 1182) * 1250 - Robert I, Count of Artois (b. 1216) * 1265 - Hulagu Khan, Mongol ruler (b. 1217) * 1296 - King Przemysl II of Poland (b. 1257) * 1572 - Cho Shik, Korean scholar, politician, educator and poet (b. 1501) * 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1542) * 1640 - Murad IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1612) * 1676 - Alexis of Russia (b. 1629) * 1696 – Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666) * 1709 - Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658) * 1725 – Peter I of Russia (b. 1672) * 1749 - Jan van Huysum, Dutch painter (b. 1682) * 1750 - Aaron Hill, English writer (b. 1685) * 1768 - George Dance the Elder, English architect (b. 1695) * 1772 - Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (b. 1719) * 1849 – France Preseren, Slovenian poet (b. 1800) * 1849 - Francois Antoine Habeneck, French violinist (b. 1781) * 1856 - Agostino Bassi, Italian entomologist (b. 1773) * 1887 - Charles Wilkes, American naval officer and polar explorer (b. 1798) === 1901 2000 === * 1918 - Louis Renault, French jurist (b. 1843) * 1921 - Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (b. 1842) * 1932 - Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect (b. 1867) * 1935 - Max Liebermann, German painter (b. 1847) * 1936 – Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (b. 1860) * 1956 - Connie Mack, American baseball manager and executive (b. 1862) * 1957 – Walther Bothe, German physicist (b. 1891) * 1957 – John von Neumann, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1903) * 1960 - Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect and designer (b. 1880) * 1963 - George Dolenz, American actor (b. 1908) * 1965 - Wayne Estes, American basketball player (b. 1943) * 1972 - Markos Vamvakaris, Greek musician and songwriter (b. 1905) * 1975 – Robert Robinson, British chemist (b. 1886) * 1978 - Sam H. Jones, Governor of Louisiana (b. 1897) * 1979 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist (b. 1900) * 1985 - William Lyons, British entrepreneur (b. 1901) * 1990 – Del Shannon, American entertainer (b. 1934) * 1992 - Stanley Armour Dunham, grandfather of Barack Obama (b. 1918) * 1992 - Denny Wright, British jazz guitarist (b. 1924) * 1994 - Raymond Scott, American composer (b. 1908) * 1994 - Ken G. Hall, Australian movie director and producer (b. 1901) * 1998 – Halldor Laxness, Icelandic writer (b. 1902) * 1998 – Enoch Powell, British politician (b. 1912) * 1998 - Julian Lincoln Simon, American economist and writer (b. 1932) * 1999 – Iris Murdoch, Irish writer (b. 1919) === From 2001 === * 2001 - Ivo Caprino, Norwegian movie director and writer (b. 1920) * 2002 – Ong Teng Cheong Sing, President of Singapore (b. 1936) * 2005 - Keith Knudsen, American drummer and singer- songwriter (b. 1948) * 2006 - Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer (b. 1914) * 2007 – Anna Nicole Smith, American actress and model (b. 1967) * 2009 - Marian Cozma, Romanian handball player (b. 1982) * 2010 – John Murtha, American politician (b. 1932) * 2011 - Cesare Rubini, Italian water polo player, basketball player and coach (b. 1923) * 2013 - Giovanni Cheli, Italian cardinal (b. 1918) * 2014 - Maicon Pereira de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer (b. 1988) * 2014 - Els Borst, Dutch politician (b. 1932) * 2015 - Müzeyyen Senar, Turkish singer (b. 1918) * 2015 - Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish parapsychologist (b. 1939) * 2016 - Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (b. 1914) * 2016 - Nida Fazli, Indian poet (b. 1937) * 2016 - Charles C. Campbell, American general (b. 1948) * 2016 - Johnny Duncan, American actor (b. 1923) * 2016 - August P. Mardesich, American politician (b. 1920) * 2016 - Viggo Rivad, Danish photographer (b. 1922) * 2016 - Violette Verdy, French ballerina (b. 1933) * 2017 - Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, English socialite and television personality (b. 1971) * 2017 - Peter Mansfield, English physicist (b. 1933) * 2017 - Brendan McGahon, Irish politician (b. 1936) * 2017 - Alan Simpson, English comedy scriptwriter (b. 1929) * 2017 - Steve Sumner, English-New Zealand footballer (b. 1955) * 2017 - Mikhail Tolstykh, Ukrainian military commander (b. 1980) * 2017 - Mohamud Muse Hersi, Somali politician, President of Puntland (b. 1937) * 2017 - Tom Raworth, British poet and visual artist (b. 1938) * 2018 - John Martinkovic, American football player (b. 1927) * 2018 - Ebony Reigns, Ghanaian singer (b. 1997) * 2018 - Lovebug Starski, American rapper and DJ (b. 1960) == Observances == * Preseren Day (Slovenia) February 08