Title: December 1 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 800 – Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican. * 1420 - Henry V of England enters Paris. * 1640 – Portugal regains its independence from Spain. * 1821 – The first constitution of Costa Rica is issued. * 1822 – Emperor Pedro I of Brazil is crowned. * 1824 - The United States House of Representatives is given the task to decide the winner of the US Presidential Election after no candidate got an overall majority of Electoral College votes. * 1828 - Argentine general Juan Lavalle carries out a coup against Governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution. * 1835 – Hans Christian Andersen publishes his first book of fairy tales. * 1864 - Great Fire of Brisbane. * 1865 - Shaw University, the first historically black university in the Southern United States, is founded in North Carolina. * 1885 - The fizzy drink Dr Pepper is first served at a drug store in Waco, Texas. === 1901 1950 === * 1913 – Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line. * 1913 – Crete is annexed by Greece. * 1913 - The Buenos Aires Metro opens to the public. * 1918 – Iceland becomes a sovereign state, yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom. * 1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed. * 1918 - Transylvania unites with the Kingdom of Romania. * 1919 - Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor officially takes her seat in the House of Commons as the UK's first female Member of Parliament. * 1923 – The dam of the Gleno Reservoir near Bergamo, Italy, bursts, killing around 600 people. * 1934 - In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergey Kirov is shot dead by Leonid Nikolaev at Communist Headquarters in Leningrad. * 1941 - World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives the final approval to begin war against the United States. * 1941 - World War II: New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia signs the Administration Order No. 9, creating the Civil Air Patrol. * 1948 - Taman Shud Case: The body of an unidentified man is found in Adelaide, South Australia, involving an undetectable poison and a secret code in a rare book. The case remains unsolved. === 1951 2000 === * 1953 - Hugh Hefner publishes the first edition of Playboy magazine. * 1955 – In Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress Rosa Parks refuses to give her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. * 1958 – Central African Republic becomes independent from France. * 1958 - The Our Lady of the Angels school fire in Chicago kills 92 children and 3 nuns. * 1959 – Cold War: Antarctic Treaty signed, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on that continent. * 1960 - Paul McCartney and Pete Best are arrested in Hamburg after being accused of attempted arson. * 1961 – The independent Republic of West Papua is proclaimed in modern-day Western New Guinea. * 1963 – Nagaland becomes the 16th state of India. * 1964 – Malta, Malawi and Zambia join the UN. * 1965 - India's Border Security Force is founded. * 1966 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger succeeds Ludwig Erhard as Chancellor of West Germany. * 1969 – Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II. * 1971 – Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray. * 1971 – The Indian Army occupies part of Kashmir. * 1973 – Papua New Guinea gains self-government from Australia. * 1974 - TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727, crashes northwest of Dulles International Airport near Washington, DC, killing all 92 people on board. * 1974 - Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231, a Boeing 727, crashes northwest of JFK International Airport outside New York City, killing all 3 crew members. There were no passengers on board at the time. * 1976 – Angola joins the UN. * 1981 - Inex- Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80, crashes in Corsica, killing all 180 people on board. * 1986 - The Musee d'Orsay art museum in Paris opens. * 1988 - Benazir Bhutto becomes Prime Minister of Pakistan. * 1989 - A right-wing rebel group attempts to remove then-President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino from power in a failed coup attempt. * 1990 – Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 meters beneath the seabed. * 1991 – Cold War: Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approve a referendum for independence from the Soviet Union. * 2000 – Vicente Fox becomes President of Mexico. === From 2001 === * 2006 – Felipe Calderon becomes President of Mexico. * 2006 – A typhoon causes landslides on the Mayon Volcano in the Philippines, burying about 1,000 people. * 2009 – The European Union's Lisbon Treaty takes effect. * 2012 - Enrique Peña Nieto becomes President of Mexico. * 2013 - A train derails in the Bronx, New York City, on the banks of the Hudson River, killing four people and injuring around 60. * 2014 - The Somali terrorist group Al-Shabaab rounds up and kills 36 Non- Muslims in northeastern Kenya. * 2016 - Vajiralongkorn officially becomes King of Thailand. * 2017 - Japanese Emperor Akihito's abdication date is set for April 30, 2019. * 2017 - The groups are drawn for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. * 2018 - Andrés Manuel López Obrador becomes President of Mexico. * 2019 - Ursula von der Leyen takes office as the first female President of the European Commission. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1081 – Louis VI of France (d. 1137) * 1083 – Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess and scholar (d. 1153) * 1438 - Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1503) * 1443 - Magdalena of France, French princess (d. 1495) * 1521 - Takeda Shingen, Japanese daimyo (d. 1573) * 1580 - Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (d. 1637) * 1690 - Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, English lawyer and politician (d. 1764) * 1709 - Franz Xaver Richter, Austrian-Moravian singer, violinist, composer and conductor (d. 1789) * 1716 - Etienne Maurice Falconet, French sculptor (d. 1791) * 1743 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (d. 1817) * 1761 – Marie Tussaud, French creator of waxworks (d. 1850) * 1766 – Nikolay Karamzin, Russian writer (d. 1826) * 1785 - Victor de Broglie, French politician and diplomat (d. 1850) * 1792 - Nikolai Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1856) * 1823 - Karl Schenk, Swiss politician (d. 1895) * 1840 - Marie Bracquemond, French painter (d. 1916) * 1844 – Alexandra of Denmark, queen consort of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1925) * 1847 - Julia Ann Moore, American poet (d. 1920) * 1855 - John Evans, Australian politician, 21st Premier of Tasmania (d. 1943) * 1864 - Carsten Borchgrevink, Norwegian polar explorer (d. 1934) * 1867 - Ignacy Moscicki, Polish scientist and politician (d. 1946) * 1869 - Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish painter and critic (d. 1923) * 1873 - Valery Bryusov, Russian poet (d. 1924) * 1873 - Viktor Chernov, Russian politician (d. 1952) * 1884 - Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, German painter (d. 1976) * 1886 – Rex Stout, American writer (d. 1975) * 1895 – Henry Williamson, English writer (d. 1977) * 1896 – Georgy Zhukov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1974) * 1898 - Stuart Garson, Canadian politician, 12th Premier of Manitoba (d. 1977) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 - Ilona Feher, Hungarian violinist (d. 1988) * 1901 - Jane Gray, Scottish- Australian supercentenarian (d. 2014) * 1905 – Clarence Zener, American physicist (d. 1993) * 1910 – Alicia Markova, British ballet dancer (d. 2004) * 1911 – Franz Binder, Austrian footballer (d. 1989) * 1911 - Walter Alston, American baseball player and manager (d. 1984) * 1911 - Calvin Griffith, Canadian-American businessman (d. 1999) * 1912 - Minoru Yamasaki, American architect (d. 1986) * 1913 – Mary Martin, American actress (d. 1990) * 1916 - Wan Li, Chinese politician (d. 2015) * 1922 – Vsevolod Bobrov, Soviet ice hockey player (d. 1979) * 1923 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (d. 2001) * 1923 - Stansfield Turner, American admiral (d. 2018) * 1925 – Martin Rodbell, American scientist (d. 1998) * 1926 - Keith Michell, Australian actor (d. 2015) * 1928 - Emily McLaughlin, American actress (d. 1991) * 1928 - Malachi Throne, American actor (d. 2013) * 1929 – Alfred Moisiu, former President of Albania * 1929 - Karl Otto Pöhl, German economist (d. 2014) * 1929 - David Doyle, American actor (d. 1997) * 1930 - Marie Bashir, 37th Governor of New South Wales * 1930 – Matt Monro, English singer (d. 1985) * 1931 - Jimmy Lyons, American saxophonist (d. 1986) * 1931 - George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2018) * 1933 - Fujiko Fujio, Japanese writer and illustrator (d. 1996) * 1933 - Lou Rawls, American singer- songwriter, producer and actor (d. 2006) * 1933 - Violette Verdy, French ballerina (d. 2016) * 1933 - James Wolfensohn, 9th President of the World Bank * 1934 – Billy Paul, American singer (d. 2016) * 1935 – Woody Allen, American director and actor * 1936 - María Romilda Servini, Argentine lawyer and judge * 1936 - Igor Rodionov, Russian general and politician (d. 2014) * 1937 – Vaira Vike-Freiberga, former President of Latvia * 1938 - Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani politician, Governor of Sindh (d. 2017) * 1939 – Lee Trevino, American golf player * 1940 – Richard Pryor, American actor and comedian (d. 2005) * 1942 - Mohamed Kamel Amr, Egyptian diplomat * 1943 - Finn E. Kydland, Norwegian economist * 1943 - Kenny Moore, American runner and journalist * 1944 - Pierre Arditi, French actor * 1944 - A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician (d. 2017) * 1944 - Michael Hagee, American general * 1944 - Tahar Ben Jelloun, Moroccan-French poet * 1944 - Daniel Pennac, French writer * 1944 – John Densmore, American musician * 1945 – Bette Midler, American singer and actress * 1946 – Gilbert O'Sullivan, Irish singer * 1947 – Alain Bashung, French singer (d. 2009) * 1948 – Luciano Re Cecconi, Italian footballer (d. 1977) * 1948 – Neil Warnock, English footballer and manager * 1948 - Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland * 1948 - Sarfraz Nawaz, Pakistani cricketer * 1949 – Pablo Escobar, Colombian druglord (d. 1993) * 1949 – Sebastian Pinera, President of Chile; 2010 - 2014, and since 2018 * 1950 - Ueli Maurer, Swiss politician * 1950 - Seiichi Sakiya, Japanese footballer * 1950 - Keith Thibodeaux, American actor and drummer === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Jaco Pastorius, American musician (d. 1987) * 1951 - Treat Williams, American actor * 1952 - Stephen Poliakoff, British playwright and television dramatist * 1952 - Ellen McLain, American opera singer and voice actress * 1952 - Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist (d. 2019) * 1954 - Viv Albertine, Australian- British singer and songwriter * 1954 - Medha Patkar, Indian activist * 1954 - François Van der Elst, Belgian footballer (d. 2017) * 1956 - Julee Cruise, American singer-songwriter and actress * 1956 - Billy Stark, Scottish footballer * 1957 - Chris Poland, American guitarist * 1957 - Deep Roy, Kenyan actor * 1958 – Javier Aguirre, Mexican footballer and manager * 1958 - Candace Bushnell, American author, journalist and television producer * 1958 - Lisa Fischer, American singer-songwriter * 1958 - Charlene Tilton, American actress * 1959 - Billy Childish, English singer and musician * 1960 – Carol Alt, American supermodel * 1961 – Jeremy Northam, British actor * 1961 - Armin Meiwes, German cannibal and murderer * 1962 - Pamela McGee, American basketball player and coach * 1963 - Arjuna Ranatunga, Sri Lankan cricketer and politician * 1964 – Salvatore Schillaci, Italian footballer * 1965 - Peter Greste, Australian journalist * 1966 - Andrew Adamson, New Zealand movie director * 1966 - Katherine LaNasa, American actress * 1966 - Larry Walker, Canadian baseball player * 1967 - Nestor Carbonell, American actor, director and screenwriter * 1968 - Justin Chadwick, English actor and director * 1968 - Anders Holmertz, Swedish swimmer * 1968 - Stephan Beckenbauer, German footballer (d. 2015) * 1970 – Sarah Silverman, American comedienne * 1971 – Emily Mortimer, English actress * 1971 – Mika Pohjola, Finnish jazz pianist and composer * 1971 - Melanie Peres, German-Israeli model, actress and singer * 1974 – Costinha, Portuguese footballer * 1974 - Simon Donnelly, Scottish footballer and manager * 1974 - Isaiah "Ikey" Owens, American keyboardist and producer (d. 2014) === From 1976 === * 1976 – Laura Ling, American journalist * 1976 - Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (d. 1998) * 1977 - Brad Delson, American guitarist and producer * 1977 - Akiva Schaffer, American actor, rapper, director, producer and screenwriter * 1979 - Shinji Murai, Japanese footballer * 1981 - Park Hyo-shin, South Korean singer-songwriter * 1982 - Alfredo Pacheco, El Salvadorean footballer (d. 2015) * 1985 – Emiliano Viviano, Italian footballer * 1985 - John Coughlin, American figure skater * 1985 - Chanel Preston, American pornographic actress * 1986 - DeSean Jackson, American football player * 1988 – Jay Simpson, English footballer * 1988 – Zoe Kravitz, American actress * 1989 - Barry Bannan, Scottish footballer * 1990 - Chanel Iman, American model * 1991 - Sun Yang, Chinese swimmer * 1991 - Dion Waiters, American basketball player * 1992 - Masahudu Alhassan, Ghanaian footballer * 1992 - Marco van Ginkel, Dutch footballer * 1995 - Eva Boto, Slovenian singer * 2001 – Aiko, Princess Toshi of Japan * 2001 - Savannah McReynolds, American actress * 2001 - Alice Robinson, New Zealand alpine ski racer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 660 - Saint Eligius (b. c. 588) * 1135 – Henry I, King of England (b. 1068) * 1241 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214) * 1377 – King Magnus II of Sweden (b. 1316) * 1433 – Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan (b. 1377) * 1455 - Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian sculptor (b. 1378) * 1521 – Pope Leo X (b. 1475) * 1530 - Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1480) * 1580 - Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal (b. 1509) * 1581 - Alexander Briant, English priest, martyr and saint (b. 1556) * 1581 - Edmund Campion, English priest, martyr and saint (b. 1540) * 1581 - Ralph Sherwin, English priest, martyr and saint (b. 1550) * 1602 - Kobayakawa Hideaki, Japanese warlord (b. 1582) * 1633 - Isabella Clara Eugenia, Spanish consort of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (b. 1566) * 1640 - Miguel de Vasconcelos, Portuguese politician (b. 1590) * 1660 - Pierre d'Hozier, French genealogist (b. 1592) * 1750 - Johan Gabriel Doppelmayr, German mathematician, astronomer and cartographer (b. 1671) * 1755 - Maurice Greene, English composer (b. 1696) * 1825 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia (b. 1777) * 1830 – Pope Pius VIII (b. 1761) * 1864 - William L. Dayton, American politician (b. 1807) * 1866 – George Everest, Welsh surveyor (b. 1790) * 1884 - William Swainson, English- New Zealand lawyer and politician (b. 1809) * 1886 – Emil Hartwich, German lawyer (b. 1843) === 1901 2000 === * 1913 - Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet and writer (b. 1864) * 1914 - Alfred Thayer Mahan, American captain and historian (b. 1840) * 1916 - Charles de Foucauld, French priest (b. 1858) * 1917 - John January, American soccer player (b. 1882) * 1934 – Sergey Kirov, Soviet politician (b. 1886) * 1941 - Alva B. Adams, American politician (b. 1875) * 1943 - Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai historian (b. 1862) * 1947 – Aleister Crowley, English occultist and writer (b. 1875) * 1947 – G.H. Hardy, English mathematician (b. 1877) * 1954 - Fred Rose, American pianist, songwriter and publisher (b. 1898) * 1964 - J. B. S. Haldane, English-Indian geneticist (b. 1892) * 1964 - Charilaos Vasilakos, Greek runner (b. 1877) * 1968 - Nicolae Bretan, Romanian opera singer, composer and conductor (b. 1887) * 1969 - Magic Sam, American guitarist and singer (b. 1937) * 1972 – Antonio Segni, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1891) * 1973 – David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1886) * 1975 - Anna Roosevelt Halsted, American writer (b. 1906) * 1981 - Russ Manning, American comic book artist (b. 1929) * 1987 – James Baldwin, American writer (b. 1924) * 1987 - Punch Imlach, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager (b. 1918) * 1990 - Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Indian politician and diplomat (b. 1900) * 1991 – George J. Stigler, American economist (b. 1911) * 1993 - Ray Gillen, American singer-songwriter (b. 1959) * 1995 - Maxwell R. Thurman, American general (b. 1931) * 1997 – Stephane Grappelli, French violinist (b. 1908) * 1997 - Endicott Peabody, 62nd Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1920) * 1998 – Bertil Nordahl, Swedish footballer (b. 1917) === From 2001 === * 2001 - Roger Leach, British actor (b. 1948) * 2004 – Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (b. 1911) * 2005 - Jack Colvin, American actor (b. 1934) * 2006 – Claude Jade, French actress (b. 1948) * 2007 - Ken McGregor, Australian tennis player (b. 1929) * 2008 – Mikel Laboa, Basque singer and songwriter (b. 1934) * 2010 – Adriaan Blaauw, Dutch astronomer (b. 1914) * 2011 – Christa Wolf, German writer (b. 1929) * 2012 - Mitchell Cole, English footballer (b. 1985) * 2012 - Phil Taylor, English footballer (b. 1917) * 2012 - Jovan Belcher, American football player (b. 1987) * 2013 - Heinrich Boere, German Nazi war criminal (b. 1922) * 2013 - Lino Grech, Maltese actor (b. 1930) * 2013 - Edward Heffron, American World War II veteran (b. 1923) * 2014 - Sita Murt, Spanish fashion designer and businesswoman (b. 1946) * 2014 - Mario Abramovich, Argentine violinist and composer (b. 1926) * 2014 - Roberto Sagastume Pinto, Guatemalan politician (b. 1944) * 2015 - Joseph Engelberger, American engineer (b. 1925) * 2015 - Robert E. Glennen, American academic (b. 1933) * 2015 - Jim Loscutoff, American basketball player (b. 1930) * 2017 - Adarsh Sein Anand, former Chief Justice of India (b. 1936) * 2017 - Philipp Graf Lerchenfeld, German politician (b. 1952) * 2017 - Fredy Schmidtke, German cyclist (b. 1961) * 2017 - Arif Dirlik, Turkish-born American historian (b. 1940) * 2017 - Les Whitten, American investigative reporter (b. 1928) * 2018 - Ken Berry, American actor (b. 1933) * 2018 - Ennio Fantastichini, Italian actor (b. 1955) * 2018 - Anwar Hossain, Bangladeshi photographer and cinematographer (b. 1948) * 2018 - Scott Stearney, American Vice Admiral (b. 1960) * 2018 - Stefanie Tücking, German television presenter (b. 1962) * 2018 - Shoucheng Zhang, Chinese-American physicist (b. 1963) * 2019 - Henri Biancheri, French footballer (b. 1932) * 2019 - Shelley Morrison, American actress (b. 1936) * 2019 - Lil Bub, American-bred celebrity cat (b. 2011) * 2019 - Paul Sirba, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1960) * 2019 - Pat Sullivan, American football player (b. 1950) == Holidays and observances == * World AIDS Day * Portugal – Restoration of Independence Day * Costa Rica – Military Abolition Day * Romania – The National Day of Romania, Union of Transylvania with Romania * Angola's Pioneers' Day * Australia – First day of Summer * Iceland - Self-governance Day * Teachers' Day (Panama) * Chad - Freedom and Democracy Day * Mexico - Traditionally the date the President is sworn into office every six years, last in 2012 * Saint Eligius in Western Christianity December 01