Title: October 23 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 42 BC - Roman civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi - Mark Antony and Octavian defeat the army of Marcus Junius Brutus, who commits suicide shortly after. * 425 – Valentinian III becomes Roman Emperor, at the age of 6. * 1086 - Battle of az-Zallaqah: The army of Yusuf ibn Tashfa defeats forces of King Alfonso VI of Castile. * 1157 - The Battle of Grathe-Heath ends the civil war in Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I of Denmark takes over. * 1295 – Scotland and France sign the first treaty of the 'Auld Alliance' in Paris, against England. * 1520 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Aachen. * 1642 – English Civil War: The Battle of Edgehill * 1707 – The first parliament of Great Britain meets. * 1739 - War of Jenkins' Ear: British Prime Minister Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain. * 1812 - Charles Francois de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow then-Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, by falsely claiming that he (Napoleon) had died in his attempt to conquer Russia. * 1850 - The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts. * 1864 - American Civil War: Union forces defeat the Confederates in the Battle of Westport. * 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory. === 1901 2000 === * 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an aircraft in the first heavier-than-air flight, in Paris. * 1912 – The Battle of Kumanovo between Russian and Ottoman forces begins. * 1915 - 25,000 to 33,000 women march on Fifth Avenue in New York City to advocate their right to vote. * 1917 - Vladimir Lenin calls for the October Revolution in Russia. * 1929 – Great Depression: The first signs of panic show. * 1940 - Norwegian Hurtigruten passenger steamer Prinsesse Ragnhild sinks after an explosion off northern Norway, killing 299 people on board. * 1941 – World War II: Georgy Zhukov takes command of the Red Army operation to prevent the Nazis' further advances into Russia. * 1942 – World War II: The Second Battle of El Alamein takes place, as the British Eighth Army begins an offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt. * 1942 - World War II: The Battle of Henderson Field begins in the Guadalcanal Campaign, lasting until October 26. * 1944 – World War II: The Red Army enters Hungary. * 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines. * 1946 – In New York, the UN General Assembly meets for the first time. * 1956 – The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against Soviet rule begins. * 1958 - The Smurfs cartoons appear for the first time. * 1958 - The Springhill Mine Bump mining disaster in Nova Scotia, killing 74 people, with 100 surviving the accident. * 1970 - Gary Gabelich sets a land-speed record in a rocket-powered automobile called the Blue Flame, fueled by natural gas. * 1972 - Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker - The US ends a bombing campaign of North Vietnam following the Easter Offensive. * 1973 - A UN-sanctioned ceasefire officially ends the Yom Kippur War between Israel and Syria. * 1983 – A truck bomb hits a US barracks in Lebanon, killing 241 troops. On the same day, another truck bomb hits a French barracks, killing 58 military personnel. * 1989 – The Hungarian Republic is declared. * 1989 - The Philips Disaster in Pasadena, Texas kills 23 people. * 1992 – Akihito becomes the first Japanese Emperor to stand on Chinese soil. * 1995 - Yolanda Saldivar is convicted of murdering the singer Selena on March 31 of the same year. === From 2001 === * 2001 – The iPod is released. * 2002 – The Moscow Theatre Siege begins, as Chechen terrorists take around 700 theatregoers hostage. * 2003 - The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, designed by Frank Gehry, is opened. * 2004 – An earthquake in the Niigata Prefecture in Japan kills 35 people and injures around 2,200. * 2005 – Hurricane Wilma hits the Yucatán, in Mexico. * 2005 – Lech Kaczynski is elected President of Poland, ahead of Donald Tusk. * 2011 – New Zealand wins the Rugby World Cup, defeating France 8-7 in Auckland. * 2011 – Motorcycle rider Marco Simoncelli is killed in a crash at the Malaysian Moto GP. * 2011 – A powerful magnitude 7.2 earthquake hits Van Province, in eastern Turkey. * 2012 - The BBC ends its 38-year teletext service Ceefax, with Northern Ireland completing the United Kingdom's transition to digital television broadcasting. * 2015 - Hurricane Patricia is measured as the heaviest hurricane ever to hit North or Central America, as it hits the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico. * 2015 - 43 people, mostly pensioners on a day- trip, die in a coach crash in Southwestern France, in one of the country's deadliest-ever road accidents. * 2018 - The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge is officially opened by Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping. * 2018 - October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts: A mail bomb addressed to former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is caught by police, after one addressed to George Soros was caught the previous day. * 2019 - The bodies of 39 people are found in a lorry trailer at Purfleet, Essex, England. ==Births== ===Up to 1900=== * 63 BC - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman general (d. 12 BC) * 1503 – Isabella of Portugal (d. 1539) * 1516 – Charlotte of Valois, French princess (d. 1524) * 1634 - Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1715) * 1654 - Johann Bernhard Staudt, Austrian Jesuit composer (d. 1712) * 1713 - Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778) * 1715 – Tsar Peter II of Russia (d. 1730) * 1762 - Samuel Morey, American inventor (d. 1843) * 1770 - George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, Scottish soldier and colonial administrator (d. 1838) * 1771 - Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813) * 1796 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1857) * 1801 – Albert Lortzing, German composer (d. 1851) * 1813 – Ludwig Leichhardt, German explorer (d. 1848) * 1815 - Joao Mauricio Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. 1889) * 1817 - Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875) * 1831 - Basil Lanneau Gilders Lane, American classical scholar (d. 1924) * 1835 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914) * 1844 - Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930) * 1857 – Juan Luna, Filipino painter (d. 1899) * 1868 - Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, British industrialist, financier and politician (d. 1930) * 1869 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936) * 1871 - Gjergj Fishta, Albanian poet (d. 1940) * 1873 - William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (d. 1975) * 1875 - Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946) * 1876 - Franz Schlegelberger, German politician (d. 1970) * 1880 - Una O'Connor, Irish actress (d. 1959) * 1885 - Lawren Harris, Canadian painter (d. 1970) * 1893 – Gummo Marx, American actor (d. 1977) * 1894 - Rube Bressler, American baseball player (d. 1966) * 1896 - Roman Jakobson, Russian-born linguist (d. 1982) * 1896 - Lilyan Tashman, American actress (b. 1934) === 1901 1950 === * 1905 – Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist (d. 1983) * 1905 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003) * 1905 - Yen Chia-han, President of the Republic of China (d. 1993) * 1908 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist (d. 1990) * 1910 - Richard Mortensen, Danish painter (d. 1993) * 1910 - Hayden Rorke, American actor (d. 1987) * 1911 - Jack Keller, American hurdler (d. 1978) * 1918 - James Daly, American actor (d. 1978) * 1919 - Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (d. 1992) * 1920 - Lygia Clark, Brazilian artist (d. 1988) * 1920 - Bob Montana, American cartoonist (d. 1975) * 1922 - Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington, English politician (d. 2018) * 1922 - Coleen Gray, American actress (d. 2015) * 1923 - Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, Vice President of India (d. 2010) * 1925 – Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (d. 1994) * 1925 – Johnny Carson, American television host (d. 2005) * 1927 - Barron Hilton, American businessman (d. 2019) * 1927 – Leszek Kolakowski, Polish philosopher (d. 2009) * 1927 - Dezso Gyarmati, Hungarian water polo player (d. 2013) * 1928 - Zhu Rongji, Chinese politician * 1929 - Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist (d. 2006) * 1931 - Diana Dors, British actress (d. 1984) * 1931 – Jim Bunning, American baseball player and politician * 1936 – Philip Kaufman, American director * 1938 – H. John Heinz III, American politician (d. 1991) * 1940 – Pelé, Brazilian footballer * 1940 - Jane Holzer, American model, actress, producer and art collector * 1941 - Lawrence Foster, American conductor * 1941 - Igor Smirnov, Moldovan politician * 1942 - Bernd Erdmann, German footballer * 1942 – Michael Crichton, American writer (d. 2008) * 1942 – Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (d. 2007) * 1945 - Maggi Hambling, British painter and sculptor * 1945 – Kim Larsen, Danish musician and singer (d. 2018) * 1945 - Michel Vautrot, French football referee * 1947 - Kazimierz Deyna, Polish footballer (d. 1989) * 1947 – Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, leader of Hamas (d. 2004) * 1948 - Gerry Robinson, Irish businessman and television presenter * 1949 – Michael Burston (Wurzel), British musician (Motorhead) (d. 2011) === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Charly García, Argentine singer * 1951 – Fatmir Sejdiu, former President of Kosovo * 1951 - Angel de Andres Lopez, Spanish actor (d. 2016) * 1952 - Ken Tipton, American entrepreneur, actor, director, writer and producer * 1954 – Ang Lee, Taiwanese movie director * 1954 - Uli Stein, German footballer * 1956 - Dianne Reeves, American jazz singer * 1956 - Dwight Yoakam, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor * 1957 - Martin Luther King III, American activist * 1957 - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda * 1959 - Sam Raimi, American movie director * 1959 – "Weird Al" Yankovic, American musical parodist * 1960 – Randy Pausch, American computer scientist and writer (d. 2008) * 1961 – Andoni Zubizarreta, Spanish footballer * 1962 - Stefano Colantuono, Italian footballer and coach * 1963 - Rashidi Yekini, Nigerian footballer (d. 2012) * 1964 – Robert Trujillo, American musician (Metallica) * 1967 - Omar Linares, Cuban baseball player * 1968 - Maria Darling, English voice actress * 1969 - Trudi Canavan, Australian writer * 1969 - Dolly Buster, Czech-German pornographic actress * 1970 - Matthew Barzun, American diplomat * 1971 - Bohuslav Sobotka, Czech politician, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic * 1973 – Christian Dailly, Scottish footballer * 1975 - Yoon Sun-ha, South Korean actress and singer === From 1976 === * 1976 - Cat Deeley, British television personality * 1976 – Ryan Reynolds, Canadian actor * 1978 – Jimmy Bullard, English footballer * 1978 – Archie Thompson, Australian footballer * 1978 - Steve Harmison, English cricketer * 1978 - John Lackey, American baseball player * 1979 – Simon Davies, Welsh footballer * 1984 – Izabel Goulart, Brazilian model * 1984 - Meghan McCain, American columnist and author * 1985 - Masiela Lusha, Albanian-born American writer and actress * 1985 - Lachlan Gillespie, Australian musician (The Wiggles) * 1985 - Mohammed Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer * 1986 - Briana Evigan, American actress * 1986 - Jessica Stroup, American actress * 1986 - Emilia Clarke, English actress * 1987 - Faye Hamlin, Swedish singer * 1988 - Jordan Crawford, American basketball player * 1989 - Andriy Yarmolenko, Ukrainian footballer * 1990 – Paradise Oskar, Finnish singer * 1991 – Princess Mako of Akishino of Japan * 1992 - Alvaro Morata, Spanish footballer * 1993 - Taylor Spreitler, American actress * 1994 - Georgia Toffolo, English television personality * 1997 - Daphne Blunt, American actress and singer * 1998 - Amandla Stenberg, American actress == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 42 BC – Marcus Junius Brutus (suicide) (b. 85 BC) * 877 - Ignatius, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 797) * 891 - Yazaman al-Khadim, Arab military leader * 930 – Emperor Daigo of Japan (b. 885) * 1157 - Sweyn III of Denmark (b. 1120) * 1456 - Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (b. 1381) * 1581 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1529) * 1616 - Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (b. 1563) * 1774 - Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist (b. 1715) * 1869 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799) * 1872 – Théophile Gautier, French writer (b. 1811) * 1885 - Charles S. West, Texan jurist and politician (b. 1829) * 1893 - Alexander Battenberg, Prince of Bulgaria (b. 1857) * 1896 - Columbus Delano, American politician (b. 1809) === 1901 2000 === * 1910 – Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (now Thailand) (b. 1853) * 1915 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848) * 1921 – John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor (b. 1840) * 1930 - Vicente Casanova y Marzol, Archbishop of Granada (b. 1854) * 1938 - Jean-Guy Gautier, French rugby player (b. 1875) * 1939 – Zane Grey, American writer (b. 1872) * 1940 - George R. Cortelyou, American politician (b. 1862) * 1944 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist (b. 1877) * 1944 - Hana Brady, Czech Holocaust victim (b. 1931) * 1948 - Carl Edward Bailey, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1894) * 1950 – Al Jolson, American singer and actor (b. 1886) * 1957 – Christian Dior, French fashion designer (b. 1905) * 1959 - Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (b. 1871) * 1979 - Antonio Caggiano, Argentine cardinal (b. 1889) * 1983 – Jessica Savitch, journalist (b. 1947) * 1984 - Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (b. 1922) * 1986 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, won the 1843 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893) * 1988 - Asashio Taro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1929) * 1989 - Armida, Mexican-American actress, singer and dancer (b. 1911) * 1990 – Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher (b. 1918) * 1994 - Robert Lansing, American actor (b. 1928) * 1997 - Bert Haanstra, Dutch director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1916) * 2000 - Rodney Adnoa'i, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1966) === From 2001 === * 2003 – Tony Capstick, British actor, comedian, musician and broadcaster (b. 1944) * 2003 – Soong May-ling, widow of Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1898) * 2004 - George Silk, New Zealand-American photographer (b. 1916) * 2005 - John Muth, American economist (b. 1930) * 2009 – Lou Jacobi, Canadian actor (b. 1913) * 2010 – David Thompson, Prime Minister of Barbados (b. 1961) * 2011 - Nusrat Bhutto, former First Lady of Pakistan (b. 1929) * 2011 – Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1987) * 2011 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and Nobel Prize-winning chemist (b. 1917) * 2011 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (b. 1927) * 2011 - Bronislovas Lubys, former Prime Minister of Lithuania (b. 1938) * 2012 - Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian novelist and poet (b. 1934) * 2012 - Wilhelm Brasse, Polish photographer (b. 1917) * 2013 - Bill Mazer, American TV and radio presenter (b. 1920) * 2013 - Anthony Caro, British sculptor (b. 1924) * 2014 - Alvin Stardust, British singer (b. 1942) * 2014 - Ghulam Azam, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1922) * 2014 - John Bramlett, American football player (b. 1941) * 2014 - Bernard Mayes, British author and broadcaster (b. 1929) * 2014 - André Piters, Belgian footballer (b. 1931) * 2014 - Tullio Regge, Italian physicist (b. 1931) * 2015 - Krunoslav Hulak, Croatian chess player (b. 1951) * 2015 - Leon Bibb, American folk singer (b. 1922) * 2015 - Paride Tumburus, Italian footballer (b. 1939) * 2015 - Jimmy Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1946) * 2016 - Jimmy Perry, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1923) * 2016 - Pete Burns, English singer-songwriter (b. 1959) * 2016 - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar (b. 1932) * 2017 - Walter Lassally, German-born British-Greek cinematographer (b. 1926) * 2017 - Paul J. Weitz, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1932) * 2018 - Skip Campbell, American politician (b. 1948) * 2018 - James Karen, American actor (b. 1923) * 2018 - Alojz Rebula, Italian-Slovenian writer, playwright and essayist (b. 1924) * 2018 - Laurens van Ravens, Belgian football referee (b. 1922) * 2019 - Santos Juliá, Spanish historian and sociologist (b. 1940) * 2019 - James W. Montgomery, American Episcopalian prelate (b. 1921) * 2019 - Alfred Znamierowski, Polish vexillologist (b. 1940) == Observances == * Mole Day (Chemists) * Chulalongkorn Day (Thailand) * National Day of Hungary * Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle Category:Days of the year