Title: June 28 Content: This is the only date in the Gregorian calendar where the day and the month (28 and 6) are different Perfect numbers. == Events == === Up to 1900 === *1098 Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. *1243 Innocent IV becomes pope. *1360 Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada becomes the 10th Nasrid King of Granada after killing his brother, Ismail II, Sultan of Granada. *1389 Ottoman Empire defeats Christian Europe army in Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan). *1461 King Edward IV of England is crowned. *1519 Charles V elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. *1575 The Battle of Nagashino takes place in Japan. *1635 Guadeloupe becomes a French colony. *1651 Battle of Beresteczko between Poles and Ukrainians, the biggest battle in the 17th century, starts. *1709 Tsar Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava. *1745 War of the Austrian Succession: A New England colonial army captures Louisbourg, New France, after a 47-day siege. *1776 American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island becomes the first decisive US victory of the war, over Great Britain. *1807 Second British Invasion of Rio de la Plata: John Whitelock lands at Ensenada in an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals. *1811 Napoleonic Wars: French troops storm the city of Tarragona, Spain and carry out a massacre on citizens who offer strong resistance. *1838 In the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria is officially crowned. *1841 Giselle, a ballet by French composer Adolphe Adam, is first performed in Paris. *1859 The first dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. *1865 In the US, the Army of the Potomac is disbanded. *1880 Ned Kelly, the Australian bushranger, is captured at Glenrowan. *1882 The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone. *1886 The first passenger train of the Canadian Pacific Railway leaves Montreal, Quebec. *1887 Minot, North Dakota is incorporated as a city. *1894 Labor Day becomes an official US holiday. *1895 El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Central American Union. *1896 An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pattston City, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners. === 1901 2000 === *1902 United States Congress passes the Spooner Act, allowing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal. *1904 The Danish ship SS Norge runs aground and sinks off Rockall in the North Atlantic Ocean; 625 people are killed. *1904 Helen Keller completes her studies at Radcliffe College. *1914 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia are killed by a Serbian nationalist, the casus belli of World War I. *1919 The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany. *1921 King Alexander I of Serbia proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. *1922 The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Irish Free State forces. *1926 Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies. *1936 The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China. *1938 A 450-tonne meteorite struck the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania *1940 Romania cedes Bessarabia (current-day Moldova) to the Soviet Union. *1948 A magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Fukui, Japan, kills 5,390 people. *1950 Seoul is captured by troops from North Korea. *1960 US-owned oil refineries in Cuba confiscated and nationalised. *1960 A gas explosion in a coal mine in Monmouthshire, Wales, kills 37 miners. *1964 Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity. *1967 Israel annexes East Jerusalem. *1969 Stonewall riots in New York city mark the beginning of the modern gay rights era. *1976 An Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda trial. *1978 The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 438 US 265 1978, bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms constitutionality of programs giving advantage to minorities. *1981 A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republic Party. *1983 The partial collapse of Connecticut's busy I-95 Mianus River Bridge, killing 3 people. *1987 For the first time in military history a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bomb the Iranian town of Sardasht. *1988 Four workers are asphyxiated at a metal-plating plant in Auburn, Indiana, in the worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history. A fifth victim dies two days later. *1990 Paperback Software, a company founded by Adam Osborne, found guilty by a U.S. court of copyright violation for copying the appearance and menu system of Lotus 1-2-3 in its competing spreadsheet program. *1992 The Constitution of Estonia is signed into law. *1994 Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan, killing 7 people and injuring 660. *1996 The Constitution of Ukraine is signed into law. *1997 Boxer Mike Tyson is disqualified for biting off part of the ear of his opponent Evander Holyfield. === From 2001 === *2004 Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia join the ERM II *2004 Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation. *2006 Montenegro becomes a member of the UN. *2009 A political crisis lasting several months begins in Honduras, as President Manuel Zelaya is overthrown by Roberto Micheletti. *2011 Google launches Google+. *2016 At least 41 people are killed in a terrorist attack on Istanbul's Atatürk International Airport. *2018 Five people are shot dead in the Capital Gazette shooting at a newspaper office in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. *2019 100th anniversary of the signing the Treaty of Versailles. *2019 France records its hottest-ever temperature, at 45.9 degrees Celsius. *2019 The European Union and Mercosur agree a trade deal. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1170 King Valdemar II of Denmark (d. 1241) * 1243 Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (d. 1304) * 1444 Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1487) * 1476 Pope Paul IV (d. 1559) * 1490 Albert of Mainz, bishop and elector of Mainz (d. 1545) * 1491 Henry VIII, King of England (d. 1547) * 1503 Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (d. 1556) * 1547 Cristoforo Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599) * 1577 Peter Paul Rubens, German painter (d. 1640) * 1653 Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal ruler (d. 1707) * 1692 Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart (d. 1718) * 1703 John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (d. 1791) * 1712 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (d. 1778) * 1719 Etienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician (d. 1785) * 1734 Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (d. 1778) * 1794 John Biscoe, English explorer (d. 1843) * 1806 Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (d. 1883) * 1807 Anton Philipp Reclam, German publisher (d. 1895) * 1819 Carlotta Grisi, Italian ballerina (d. 1899) * 1824 Paul Broca, French physician (d. 1880) * 1831 Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (d. 1907) * 1835 John Young Brown, American politician, 31st Governor of Kentucky (d. 1904) * 1836 Lyman J. Gage, American politician (d. 1927) * 1847 Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson, Icelandic composer (d. 1927) * 1852 Charles Cruft, English businessman (d. 1938) * 1867 Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist and narrator, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1936) * 1871 Sergei Bulgakov, Russian theologian and philosopher (d. 1944) * 1873 Alexis Carrel, French surgeon, won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1944) * 1875 Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941) * 1876 Robert Guérin, French sports official, 1st President of FIFA (d. 1952) * 1883 Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945) * 1884 Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (d. 1964) * 1888 George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1947) * 1890 Howard Drew, American sprinter (d. 1957) * 1891 Carl Panzram, American serial killer (d. 1930) === 1901 1950 === * 1902 Richard Rodgers, American composer (d. 1979) * 1906 Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German-American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1972) * 1912 Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German physicist and philosopher (d. 2007) * 1913 Franz Antel, Austrian movie maker (d. 2007) * 1914 Lester Flatt, bluegrass musician (d. 1979) * 1915 David Honeyboy Edwards, American blues musician (d. 2011) * 1917 Albert De Cleyn, Belgian footballer (d. 1990) * 1918 William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1999) * 1921 P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India, 1991 1996 (d. 2004) * 1923 Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010) * 1923 Conte Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2001) * 1923 Pete Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2008) * 1925 Giselher Klebe, German composer (d. 2009) * 1926 Mel Brooks, American actor, director and filmmaker * 1927 Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist (d. 2012) * 1928 Hans Blix, Swedish politician and diplomat * 1930 Itamar Franco, former President of Brazil (d. 2011) * 1930 Jack Gold, British movie director (d. 2015) * 1930 William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist and parasitologist * 1931 Hans Alfredsson, Swedish actor, movie director, writer and comedian * 1932 Pat Morita, American actor (d. 2005) * 1934 Carl Levin, United States Senator (d. 2021) * 1934 Georges Wolinski, French cartoonist (d. 2015) * 1934 Robert Carswell, Baron Carswell, Irish lawyer and judge * 1935 John Inman, English actor and singer (d. 2007) * 1936 Chuck Howley, American football player * 1938 Moy Yat, martial artist * 1938 Leon Panetta, American politician * 1940 Karpal Singh, Malaysian lawyer and politician (d. 2014) * 1940 Muhammad Yunus, Bangladeshi banker and economist, Nobel Peace Prize winner * 1941 David Lloyd Johnston, 28th Governor General of Canada * 1941 Joseph Goguen, American scientist (d. 2006) * 1942 Chris Hani, South African politician (d. 1993) * 1942 Rupert Sheldrake, British writer, biochemist and parapsychologist * 1943 Klaus von Klitzing, German physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics * 1945 Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 1989) * 1946 Gilda Radner, American actress and comedienne (d. 1989) * 1946 Jaime Guzman, Chilean politician (d. 1991) * 1946 John Michael Lounge, American astronaut (d. 2011) * 1947 Mark Helprin, American writer * 1948 Kathy Bates, American actress * 1948 Clarence Thomas, United States Supreme Court justice * 1948 Robin Dunbar, British anthropologist and evolutionary biologist === 1951 1975 === * 1951 Mark Shand, English conservationist and author, brother of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (d. 2014) * 1951 Lalla Ward, English actress * 1951 Walter Alva, Peruvian archaeologist * 1952 Pietro Mennea, Italian athlete and politician (d. 2013) * 1952 John Patrick Lowrie, American voice actor, actor, musician and author * 1952 Jean-Christophe Rufin, French physician and author * 1953 Gernot Rohr, German footballer and manager * 1954 A. A. Gill, British journalist, author and critic (d. 2016) * 1954 Alice Krige, actress * 1957 Georgi Parvanov, former President of Bulgaria * 1957 Jim Spanarkel, American basketball player and sportscaster * 1958 Donna Edwards, American lawyer, politician and writer * 1959 Clint Boon, English singer and keyboardist * 1960 John Elway, American football player * 1961 Jeff Malone, American basketball player and coach * 1963 Charlie Clouser, American musician (Nine Inch Nails) * 1964 Mark Grace, American Major League Baseball player * 1964 Sabrina Ferilli, Italian actress * 1964 Tommy Lynn Sells, American serial killer (d. 2014) * 1966 John Cusack, American actor * 1966 Mary Stuart Masterson, American actress, director and producer * 1967 Lars Riedel, German athlete * 1967 Leona Aglukkaq, Canadian politician * 1967 Gil Bellows, Canadian actor * 1968 Adam Woodyatt, English actor * 1969 Ayelet Zurer, Israeli actress * 1969 Stéphane Chapuisat, Swiss footballer * 1971 Sean Dyche, English football manager * 1971 Fabien Barthez, French footballer * 1971 Lorenzo Amoruso, Italian footballer * 1971 Bobby Hurley, American basketball player * 1971 Elon Musk, South African-American entrepreneur * 1971 Louise Mensch, English politician and author * 1972 Ngo Bao Chau, Vietnamese mathematician * 1972 Alessandro Nivola, American actor * 1972 Jon Heidenreich, American professional wrestler * 1973 Adrian Annus, hammer thrower * 1973 André Lange, German bobsledder * 1974 Rob Dyrdek, American skateboarder, actor and producer * 1975 Ning Baizura, Malaysian singer and producer === From 1976 === * 1977 Mark Stoermer, American bass player (The Killers) * 1978 Simon Larose, tennis player * 1979 Felicia Day, American actress and writer * 1979 Randy McMichael, American football player * 1982 Ibrahim Camejo, Cuban long jumper * 1982 Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia * 1984 Tamara Ecclestone, British model and television host * 1985 Phil Bardsley, British footballer * 1986 Kellie Pickler, American country music singer and songwriter * 1986 Suzuko Mimori, Japanese voice actress and singer * 1987 Terrence Williams, American basketball player * 1988 Kanon Wakeshima, Japanese singer and cellist * 1989 Lucy Rose, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1989 Mark Edward Fischbach, American actor and comedian * 1990 Nick Purcell, American actor * 1990 Jasmine Richards, Canadian actress * 1990 Daisy Turner, English model and actress * 1991 Seohyun, South Korean singer, dancer and actress (Girls' Generation) * 1991 Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer * 1993 Bradley Beal, American basketball player * 1994 Anish Giri, Russian-Dutch chess player * 1994 Madeline Duggan, English actress * 1994 Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan * 1995 Kare Hedebrandt, Swedish actor == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 202 Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord * 548 Theodora I, Byzantine Empress (b. 500) * 572 Alboin, Lombard King (b. 530) * 683 Pope Leo II (b. 611) * 767 Pope Paul I (b. 700) * 928 Louis the Blind, King of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 880) * 1061 Floris I, Count of Holland (b. 1020) * 1175 Andrey Bogolyubsky, Russian saint (b. 1111) * 1189 Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (b. 1156) * 1194 Emperor Xiaozong of Song of China (b. 1127) * 1385 Andronikos IV Palaiologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1348) * 1586 Primoz Trubar, Slovenian author and reformer (b. 1508) * 1598 Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer (maker of maps) (b. 1527) * 1716 George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (b. 1665) * 1757 Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia (b. 1687) * 1813 Gerhard Scharnhorst, Prussian general (b. 1755) * 1834 Joseph Bové, Russian architect (b. 1784) * 1836 James Madison, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751) * 1880 Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne, Australian bushrangers, killed at Glenrowan, Victoria. * 1880 Texas Jack Omohundro, American cowboy and actor (b. 1848) * 1881 Jules Armand Dufaure, 33rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1798) * 1889 Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and Women's Rights activist (b. 1818) * 1892 Harry Atkinson, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1831) * 1892 Alexandros Rhizos Rhankaves, Greek poet and statesman (b. 1810) === 1901 2000 === * 1913 Manoel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (b. 1811) * 1914 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (assassination) (b. 1863) * 1914 Archduchess Sophie Chotek, wife of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (b. 1868) * 1917 Sven Berggren, Swedish naturalist and botanist (b. 1837) * 1928 Ida Ferenczy, lady- in-waiting to Elizabeth of Bavaria (b. 1839) * 1929 Edward Carpenter, English poet and philosopher (b. 1844) * 1935 Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871) * 1940 Italo Balbo, Italian general and politician (b. 1896) * 1942 Yanka Kupala, Belarussian writer (b. 1882) * 1960 Jake Swirbul, co-founder of Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation * 1962 Mickey Cochrane, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1903) * 1965 Red Nichols, American jazz musician (b. 1905) * 1971 Franz Stangl, Nazi Concentration camp commandant (b. 1908) * 1974 Frank Sutton, American actor (b. 1923) * 1975 Rod Serling, American scriptwriter, host of The Twilight Zone (b. 1924) * 1976 Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and movie producer (b. 1927) * 1978 Clifford Dupont, President of Rhodesia (b. 1905) * 1980 José Iturbi, Spanish musician, conductor (b. 1895) * 1981 Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and cancer activist (b. 1958) * 1989 Joris Ivens, movie maker (b. 1898) * 1991 Henri Lefebvre, French philosopher (b. 1901) * 1992 Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (b. 1936) * 1993 GG Allin, American punk rock singer (b. 1956) * 1997 Mrs. Miller, singer (b. 1907) === From 2001 === * 2001 Mortimer Adler, American philosopher (b. 1902) * 2001 Joan Sims, actress (b. 1930) * 2003 Wim Slijkhuis, Dutch athlete (b. 1923) * 2004 Anthony Buckeridge, writer (b. 1912) * 2007 Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1919) * 2008 Ruslana Korshunova, Kazakhstani model (b. 1987) * 2009 Billy Mays, American pitchman (b. 1958) * 2010 Robert Byrd, American politician, longest-serving United States Senator (b. 1917) * 2011 Michael Wenning, American minister (b. 1935) * 2013 Peter Lehmann, Australian winemaker (b. 1930) * 2014 Meshach Taylor, American actor (b. 1947) * 2014 Brian Roe, English cricketer (b. 1939) * 2014 Jim Brosnan, American baseball player (b. 1929) * 2014 Julio Silva Solar, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1926) * 2015 Todor Slavov, Bulgarian rally driver (b. 1984) * 2015 Jack Carter, American comedian and actor (b. 1922) * 2015 Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) * 2016 Scotty Moore, American guitarist (b. 1931) * 2016 Buddy Ryan, American football coach (b. 1931) * 2016 Pat Summitt, American basketball coach (b. 1952) * 2016 Zurlon Tipton, American football player (b. 1990) * 2017 John Higgins, Scottish footballer (b. 1930) * 2017 Wally O'Connell, Australian rugby league player (b. 1923) * 2017 Ola Mildred Rexroat, American World War II military official (b. 1917) * 2018 Domenico Losurdo, Italian philosopher (b. 1940) * 2018 Rob Hiaasen, American journalist and newspaper editor (b. 1959) * 2018 Denis Akiyama, Canadian actor (b. 1952) * 2018 Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian author (b. 1936) * 2019 Willie Frazer, Northern Irish activist (b. 1960) == Observances == * Saint Irenaeus * Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova * Observed as Tau Day by opponents of Pi (Mathematics) Category:Days of the year