Title: November 22 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 845 - The first King of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats Frankish King Charles the Bold at the Battle of Ballon near Redon. * 1412 - The St. Cecilia's flood kills around 30,000 people on the lower Elbe. * 1497 – Vasco da Gama sails round the Cape of Good Hope on his voyage to India. * 1574 - The Juan Fernandez Islands in the Pacific Ocean, now belonging to Chile, are discovered. * 1635 - Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a campaign against native villages. It results in them taking control over the Central and Southern parts of the island. * 1718 – Off the coast of Virginia, English pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") is killed in battle when a British boarding party cornered and then shot and stabbed him more than 25 times. * 1812 - War of 1812: 17 Indiana rangers are killed at the Battle of Wild Cat Creek. * 1837 - Canadian journalist William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper "The Constitution". * 1847 - Fire rips through a paddle steamer on Lake Michigan, killing 250 people. * 1858 – Denver, Colorado, is founded. * 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Confederate General John Bell Hood invades Tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General William T. Sherman from Georgia. * 1869 - In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched. * 1873 - French transatlantic steamer Ville du Havre collides in the North Atlantic Ocean with the clipper Loch Earn, breaks apart and sinks within twelve minutes, killing 226. * 1880 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut at Tony Pastor's Theatre in New York City. === 1901 2000 === * 1908 - The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet * 1917 – In Montreal, Canada, the National Hockey Association breaks up (on November 26 it was replaced with the National Hockey League). * 1928 - The first performance of Maurice Ravel's Bolero takes place in Paris. * 1933 - Qatar Airways is founded. * 1935 – The China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California in an attempt to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean (the airplane later reached its destination, Manila, and delivered over 110,000 pieces of mail). * 1940 - World War II: After the initial Italian invasion of Greece, Greek troops counter-attack into Italian-occupied Albania and captures Korytsa. * 1942 – World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter- attack Operation Uranus and General Friedrich von Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded. * 1943 – World War II: War in the Pacific – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan (see Cairo Conference) * 1943 – Lebanon gains independence from France. * 1954 - The Humane Society of the United States is founded. * 1956 - The 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, begin. * 1963 – John F. Kennedy assassination: In Dallas, Texas, US President John F. Kennedy is assassinated, Texas Governor John B. Connally is seriously wounded, and US vice-president Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States. Suspect Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested but is himself shot two days later by Jack Ruby. * 1967 – UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted by the UN Security Council, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab-Israeli peace settlement. * 1968 – The Beatles release The White Album. * 1972 – Vietnam War: The United States loses its first B-52 Stratofortress of the war. * 1974 – The United Nations General Assembly grants the Palestine Liberation Organization observer status. * 1975 – Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of dictator Francisco Franco. * 1977 – British Airways inaugurates regular London to New York City supersonic Concorde service. * 1985 – According to ancient Aztec mythology, the future saviour of the world would be born on this date. * 1986 – Mike Tyson knocks-out Trevor Berbick in a round 2 fight, becoming the youngest world heavyweight-boxing champion (20 years, 4 months old). * 1988 – In Palmdale, California, the first prototype B-2 Spirit stealth bomber is revealed. * 1989 – In west Beirut, a bomb explodes near the motorcade of Lebanese President Rene Moawad, killing him. * 1990 – Margaret Thatcher resigns as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. * 1995 - Toy Story is released as the first feature-length movie created completely using computer-generated imagery. === From 2001 === * 2001 – Jack McConnell replaces Henry McLeish as First Minister of Scotland. * 2002 – In Nigeria, more than 100 people are killed at an attack aimed at the contestants of the Miss World contest. * 2003 – England wins the Rugby World Cup, defeating Australia in the final. * 2003 – In Tbilisi, Georgia, opponents of President Eduard Shevardnadze seize the parliament building and demand the president's resignation. * 2003 – The Heritage Classic, the first outdoor hockey game in the history of the National Hockey League is played in Edmonton, Alberta. * 2004 - Orange Revolution: Protests begin in Kyiv, Ukraine, over the previous day's election result, in which Viktor Yanukovych was announced as the winner over Viktor Yushchenko. * 2005 – Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany. * 2007 – Steve McClaren is sacked as the manager of the England national football team, which had failed to qualify for the European Championships. * 2010 – A stampede occurs on a bridge in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, during the Bon Om Thook water festival, killing 347 people. * 2013 - Magnus Carlsen wins the World Chess Championship over defending champion Viswanathan Anand. * 2015 - Mauricio Macri is elected President of Argentina over Daniel Scioli. * 2017 - Ratko Mladic is found guilty of war crimes by the International Court of Justice in relation to the Srebrenica massacre. == Births == === Up to 1800 === * 1428 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English politician (d. 1471) * 1515 – Marie of Guise, Regent of Scotland (d. 1560) * 1532 - Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585) * 1536 - Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, German nobleman (d. 1606) * 1602 - Elisabeth of France (d. 1644) * 1643 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687) * 1698 - Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, French Governor of Louisiana (d. 1778) * 1709 - Franz Benda, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1786) * 1710 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer, eldest son of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1784) * 1722 - Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ukrainian poet (d. 1794) * 1728 - Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1811) * 1744 - Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818) * 1753 - Dugald Stewart, Scottish philosopher and mathematician (d. 1828) * 1766 - Charlotte von Lengefeld, German writer (d. 1826) * 1767 – Andreas Hofer, Tyrolian patriot (d. 1810) * 1780 - José Cecilio del Valle, Honduran politician (d. 1834) * 1787 – Rasmus Christian Rask, Danish linguist (d. 1832) * 1791 - John Winston Jones, American politician (d. 1848) === 1801 1900 === * 1808 – Thomas Cook, British holiday entrepreneur (d. 1892) * 1819 – George Eliot, English novelist (d. 1880) * 1837 - Franklin MacVeigh, American politician (d. 1934) * 1840 - Emile Lemoine, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1912) * 1849 – Christian Rohlfs, painter and graphic artist (d. 1938) * 1852 – Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French diplomat (d. 1924) * 1856 – Heber J. Grant, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1945) * 1859 - Fusajiro Yamauchi, Japanese founder of Nintendo (d. 1940) * 1861 – Ranavalona III, Queen of Madagascar (d. 1917) * 1868 – John Nance Garner, 32nd Vice President of the United States (d. 1967) * 1869 – André Gide, French novelist (d. 1951) * 1875 - Tomas Berreta, President of Uruguay (d. 1947) * 1876 - Emil Beyer, American gymnast (d. 1934) * 1876 - Pierre Petit de Juleville, French cardinal (d. 1947) * 1876 - Percival Proctor Baxter, 33rd Governor of Maine (d. 1969) * 1877 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman, founder of Barcelona Football Club (d. 1930) * 1881 – Ismail Enver, Turkish general and politician (d. 1922) * 1883 - Martin Flavin, American playwright and novelist (d. 1967) * 1889 - Gordon Browning, Governor of Tennessee (d. 1976) * 1890 – Charles de Gaulle, French general and statesman, President of France (d. 1970) * 1890 – El Lissitzky, Russian painter and designer (d. 1941) * 1893 – Harley J. Earl, automobile designer, father of the Chevrolet Corvette (d. 1969) * 1897 – Paul Oswald Ahnert, German astronomer (d. 1989) * 1898 - Wiley Post, American pilot (d. 1935) * 1899 – Hoagy Carmichael, American composer, singer and actor (d. 1981) * 1900 - Helenka Pantaleoni, American actress and humanitarian (d. 1987) === 1901 1950 === * 1901 – Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish composer (d. 1999) * 1902 - Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1990) * 1904 – Louis Néel, French physicist (d. 2000) * 1909 - Mikhail Mil, Russian engineer (d. 1970) * 1913 – Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976) * 1913 - Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player (d. 2016) * 1914 - Peter Townsend, English captain and pilot (d. 1995) * 1917 – Andrew Huxley, English physiologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2012) * 1918 – Claiborne Pell, former United States Senator (d. 2009) * 1921 – Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian and actor (d. 2004) * 1922 - Eugene Stoner, American weapons designer (d. 1997) * 1923 - Tu An, Chinese poet and translator (d. 2017) * 1923 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian director (d. 2016) * 1923 - Hanna Maron, German-born Israeli actress (d. 2014) * 1924 - Les Johnson, Australian politician (d. 2015) * 1924 – Geraldine Page, actress (d. 1987) * 1925 – Gunther Schuller, American jazz composer and director (d. 2015) * 1925 - Jerrie Mock, American pilot (d. 2014) * 1926 - Gene Berce, American basketball player (d. 2018) * 1926 - Arthur Jones, American businessman (d. 2007) * 1928 - Willie Fernie, Scottish footballer (d. 2011) * 1929 - Isa Barzizza, Italian actress * 1930 - Owen Garriott, American astronaut (d. 2019) * 1930 - Peter Hall, English theatre and movie director (d. 2017) * 1930 - Peter Huford, English organist and composer * 1932 – Robert Vaughn, American actor (d. 2016) * 1936 - Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain * 1936 - Alex Scott, Scottish footballer (d. 2001) * 1936 - John Bird, English actor and comedian * 1940 - Andrzej Zulawski, Polish director and writer (d. 2016) * 1940 – Terry Gilliam, American-born British comedian, actor and director, member of Monty Python * 1941 – Tom Conti, Scottish actor * 1941 - Jacques Laperriere, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1941 - Jesse Colin Young, American singer-songwriter and bass player * 1942 - Guion Bluford, American astronaut * 1943 – Billie Jean King, American tennis player * 1943 - Peter Adair, American director and producer (d. 1996) * 1943 - Gary M. Heidnik, American serial killer (d. 1999) * 1946 - Aston Barrett, Jamaican athlete * 1947 - Paloma San Basilio, Spanish singer- songwriter and producer * 1947 – Nevio Scala, Italian footballer * 1948 – Radomir Antic, Serbian football manager * 1949 - Richard Carmona, 17th Surgeon General of the United States * 1949 - Godfrey Bloom, English politician * 1950 – Jim Jefferies, Scottish football manager * 1950 – Lyman Bostock, American Major League Baseball player (d. 1978) * 1950 – Steve Van Zandt, musician * 1950 – Tina Weymouth, musician === 1951 1975 === * 1951 – Kent Nagano, American conductor * 1954 - Robert F. Coleman, American mathematician (d. 2014) * 1954 - Paolo Gentiloni, former Prime Minister of Italy * 1956 - Lawrence Gowan, Scottish-Canadian singer-songwriter and producer (Styx) * 1956 - Richard Kind, American actor * 1958 – Jamie Lee Curtis, American actress * 1958 - Bruce Payne, English actor * 1959 - Frank McAvennie, Scottish footballer * 1961 – Mariel Hemingway, American actress * 1961 - Stephen Hough, English-Australian pianist and composer * 1961 - Randal L. Schwartz, American computer programmer * 1961 - Gary Valentine, American actor, comedian and writer * 1962 - Sumi Jo, South Korean soprano * 1962 - Victor Peleven, Russian author * 1963 – Tony Mowbray, English football manager * 1963 - Brian Robbins, American actor and director * 1963 - Corinne Russell, English model, actress and dancer * 1963 - Ingvar Eggert Sigurdsson, Icelandic actor * 1965 - Mads Mikkelsen, Danish actor * 1966 - Mark Pritchard, English politician * 1967 – Boris Becker, German tennis player * 1967 - Mark Ruffalo, American actor and producer * 1968 - Sidse Babett Knudsen, Danish actress * 1969 - Katrin Krabbe, German athlete * 1973 - Chad Trujillo, American astronomer * 1974 – David Pelletier, figure skater * 1975 – Aiko, Japanese singer === From 1976 === * 1976 – Ville Valo, lead singer of Finnish rock band HIM * 1976 – Torsten Frings, German footballer * 1977 - Annika Norlin, Swedish singer * 1978 – Francis Obikwelu, Portuguese athlete * 1979 - Jeremy Dale, American comic book artist (d. 2014) * 1980 - Rait Keerles, Estonian basketball player * 1980 - Yaroslav Rybakov, Russian high jumper * 1982 - Steve Angello, Greek-Swedish DJ and singer * 1982 – Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Nigerian footballer * 1982 - Isild Le Besco, French actress * 1983 - Tyler Hilton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1984 – Scarlett Johansson, American actress * 1985 - Austin Brown, American singer * 1985 – Asamoah Gyan, Ghanaian footballer * 1986 – Oscar Pistorius, South African athlete * 1987 - Marouane Fellaini, Belgian footballer * 1988 - Jamie Campbell Bower, English actor and singer * 1988 - Jyoti Guptara, English-Swiss journalist and author * 1988 - Suresh Guptara, English-Swiss author * 1989 - Chris Smalling, English footballer * 1989 - Gabriel Torje, Romanian footballer * 1989 - Candice Glover, American singer- songwriter and actress * 1990 - Jing Dongwoo, South Korean singer and dancer * 1991 - Scott Bain, Scottish footballer * 1991 - Saki Shimizu, Japanese singer * 1992 - Will Young, New Zealand cricketer * 1995 - Katherine McNamara, American actress and singer * 1996 - Hailey Baldwin, American model and television personality * 1996 - Madison Davenport, American actress == Deaths == === Up to 1950 === * 385 - Antipope Felix II * 950 - Lothair II of Italy (b. 926) * 1286 – King Eric V of Denmark (b. 1249) * 1318 – Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Russia (b. 1271) * 1594 – Martin Frobisher, English explorer * 1617 – Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1590) * 1710 - Bernardo Pasquini, Italian composer (b. 1637) * 1718 – Edward Teach (Blackbeard), English pirate (b. 1680) * 1774 – Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British general (b. 1725) * 1813 - Johann Christian Reil, German physician (b. 1759) * 1875 – Henry Wilson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1812) * 1896 - George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., American engineer, inventor of the Ferris Wheel (b. 1859) * 1900 – Arthur Sullivan, English composer (b. 1842) * 1902 - Walter Reed, American physician (b. 1851) * 1916 – Jack London, American writer (b. 1876) * 1919 - Francisco Moreno, Argentine explorer and academic (b. 1852) * 1930 – Paul Raud, Estonian painter (b. 1865) * 1944 – Arthur Eddington, British astrophysicist (b. 1882) * 1946 - Burt McKinnie, American golfer (b. 1879) * 1946 - Otto George Thierack, German jurist and politician (b. 1889) * 1948 - Fakhri Pasha, Turkish general and politician (b. 1868) === 1951 2000 === * 1954 - Jess McMahon, American wrestling promoter (b. 1882) * 1962 - René Coty, President of France (b. 1882) * 1963 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (b. 1917) * 1963 – Aldous Huxley, English writer (b. 1894) * 1963 – C. S. Lewis, Irish writer (b. 1898) * 1967 - Pavel Korin, Russian painter (b. 1892) * 1980 - Jules Léger, 21st Governor General of Canada (b. 1913) * 1980 – Mae West, American actress (b. 1893) * 1981 – Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist (b. 1900) * 1986 – Scatman Crothers, American actor (b. 1910) * 1989 – René Moawad, Lebanese politician (b. 1925) * 1992 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (b. 1905) * 1993 – Anthony Burgess, British writer (b. 1917) * 1996 - Maria Casares, Spanish-born actress (b. 1922) * 1996 - Terence Donovan, English photographer (b. 1936) * 1997 – Michael Hutchence, Australian musician (b. 1960) * 2000 - Christian Marquand, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1927) === From 2001 === * 2003 - Mario Beccaria, Italian politician (b. 1920) * 2007 - Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss choreographer (b. 1929) * 2007 - Verity Lambert, English television producer (b. 1935) * 2008 – Ibrahim Nasir, former President of the Maldives (b. 1926) * 2010 – Frank Fenner, Australian scientist (b. 1914) * 2011 – Danielle Mitterrand, French activist and former First Lady of France (b. 1924) * 2011 - Lynn Margulis, American biologist (b. 1938) * 2011 - Svetlana Alliluyeva (Lana Peters), Soviet-born American writer, defector and daughter of Joseph Stalin (b. 1926) * 2011 - Sena Jurinac, Bosnian-born operatic soprano (b. 1921) * 2011 - Paul Motian, American jazz musician (b. 1931) * 2012 - Bryce Courteney, South African-born Australian illustrator (b. 1933) * 2013 - Georges Lautner, French movie director, screenwriter (b. 1926) * 2014 - Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian cardinal (b. 1916) * 2014 - Claire Barry, American singer (b. 1920) * 2014 - Marcel Paquet, Belgian philosopher (b. 1947) * 2015 - Kim Young-sam, 6th President of South Korea (b. 1927) * 2015 - Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor (b. 1932) * 2016 - Ram Naresh Yadav, Indian politician (b. 1927) * 2017 - George Avakian, American record producer (b. 1919) * 2017 - Jon Hendricks, American jazz singer (b. 1921) * 2017 - Maurice Hinchey, American politician (b. 1938) * 2017 - Imre Hollai, Hungarian diplomat (b. 1925) * 2017 - Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (b. 1962) * 2017 - Stefan Radt, German-Dutch historian and author (b. 1927) * 2017 - Charles C. McDonald, American general (b. 1933) * 2018 - Soslan Andiyev, Russian freestyle wrestler (b. 1952) * 2018 - Baishnab Charan Parida, Indian politician (b. 1941) * 2018 - Jose Peralta, American politician (b. 1971) * 2019 - Stephen Cleobury, English organist (b. 1948) * 2019 - Daniel Leclercq, French footballer (b. 1949) * 2019 - Gugu Liberato, Brazilian television presenter, entrepreneur, actor and singer (b. 1959) * 2019 - Kaare R. Norum, Norwegian academic and nutritionist (b. 1932) * 2019 - Cecilia Seghizzi, Italian composer and painter (b. 1908) * 2019 - Henry Sobel, Portuguese-born Brazilian-American rabbi (b. 1944) * 2019 - Bowen Stassforth, American swimmer (b. 1926) == Observances == * Independence Day (Lebanon) * Day of the Albanian Alphabet Category:Days of the year