Title: July 19 Content: == Events == === Up to 1900 === * 64 The Great Fire of Rome starts. * 484 Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern Emperor at Tarsus in modern-day Turkey. * 711 Ummayad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete - Ummayad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic. * 1333 Wars of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Halidon Hill ends in an English victory. * 1545 The Tudor battleship Mary Rose sinks. * 1553 In England, Lady Jane Grey is replaced as queen by Mary I of England, having been queen for only a few days. * 1572 Wanli Emperor takes control in China, becoming the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. * 1588 Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada is seen in the English Channel. * 1692 In the Salem Witch Trials, five women are hanged for witchcraft. * 1701 Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding large territory north of the Ohio River to England. * 1702 Great Northern War: A larger Polish-Saxon Army of Augustus III the Strong, operating from a better defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish Army half its size under the command of Charles XII of Sweden, in the Battle of Klissow. * 1821 George IV of the United Kingdom is crowned king. * 1832 The British Medical Association is founded by Charles Hastings. * 1843 Isambard Kingdom Brunel's steamship, the SS Great Britain is launched. * 1848 A Women's rights convention begins in Seneca Falls, New York. * 1864 Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking - Qing Dynasty defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. * 1870 Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia. * 1900 The first line of the Paris Metro opens. === From 1901 === * 1903 Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France. * 1908 The Dutch football club Feyenoord of Rotterdam is founded. * 1912 A meteorite estimated to weigh 190 kilograms explodes over Holbrook, Arizona, causing around 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the village. * 1916 World War I: Battle of Fromelles - British and Australian troops attack German trenches. * 1920 Antonio Joaquim Granjo becomes Prime Minister of Portugal. * 1936 The Sieges of Oviedo and Gijon begin shortly after the start of the Spanish Civil War. * 1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches the V for Victory campaign. * 1943 World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft. * 1947 Several leading Burmese politicians, including Bogyoko Aung San, are executed by Galon U Saw. * 1950 West Germany and the Saarland join the European Council. * 1952 The Summer Olympics in Helsinki begin. * 1961 Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte. * 1965 The Mont Blanc road tunnel is opened. * 1971 The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City opens. * 1976 The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created. * 1979 The Sandinistas take official control of the government in Nicaragua. * 1979 Two oil tankers collide near Trinidad and Tobago, causing an oil spill, and killing 29 seamen in the fire resulting from the collision. * 1980 The Summer Olympics in Moscow begin. Some Western countries, including the United States and West Germany, boycott the event. * 1981 French President Francois Mitterrand privately reveals to US President Ronald Reagan documents showing the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development. * 1985 The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people. * 1987 In Portugal, the Social Democrats under Anibal Cavaco Silva become the first political party during the Third Republic to form an overall majority in parliament. * 1989 A United Airlines airplane crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, and bursts into flames, killing 112 out of the 296 people on board. * 1992 Anti-Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and two police officers are killed by a car-bomb attack in Palermo, Sicily. * 1996 Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is forced out of office. Wanted on war crimes charges, he goes into hiding until his arrest in 2008. * 1996 The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta begin, with Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame. * 1997 The Provisional IRA resumes a ceasefire during the Northern Ireland Troubles. * 2002 In Scotland, the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park is created. * 2003 The first successful tongue transplant is carried out in Vienna. * 2007 Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be chosen to become President of India. * 2018 Israel's Knesset passes a law defining the country as a Jewish Nation State. * 2018 A duck boat capsizes on Table Rock Lake in Southwestern Missouri, United States, killing 17 people (out of 31 on board), including 9 from the same family. * 2019 Iran seizes two British oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * 1670 Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758) * 1688 Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766) * 1698 Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss writer and poet (d. 1783) * 1739 Joseph Stanton, Jr., American politician (d. 1807) * 1744 Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet (d. 1806) * 1759 Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833) * 1764 Juan José Castelli, Argentine politician (d. 1812) * 1789 John Martin, English painter (d. 1854) * 1800 Juan José Flores, first President of Ecuador (d. 1864) * 1806 Alexander Dallas Bache, American physicist (d. 1867) * 1814 Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862) * 1819 Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890) * 1822 Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916) * 1827 Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857) * 1834 Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917) * 1840 José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (d. 1891) * 1842 Frederick T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896) * 1848 Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil (d. 1850) * 1860 Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927) * 1863 Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and dramatist (d. 1934) * 1865 Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939) * 1876 Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972) * 1876 Ignaz Seipel, Austrian politician (d. 1952) * 1877 Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949) * 1881 Friedrich Dessauer, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1963) * 1883 Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and movie producer (d. 1972) * 1884 Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1954) * 1886 Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (d. 1957) * 1890 King George II of Greece (d. 1947) * 1892 Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957) * 1893 Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930) * 1894 Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965) * 1894 Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959) * 1895 Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953) * 1896 A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981) * 1898 Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979) === 1901 1950 === * 1904 Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer (d. 1985) * 1914 Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005) * 1917 William Scranton, American politician and diplomat, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2013) * 1920 Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2018) * 1920 Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995) * 1921 André Moynet, French fighter pilot, businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993) * 1921 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011) * 1921 Harold Camping, American evangelist and religious broadcaster, predicted the rapture (d. 2013) * 1922 Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia (d. 2008) * 1922 George McGovern, American politician (d. 2012) * 1923 Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015) * 1923 Joseph Hansen, American writer (d. 2004) * 1923 Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002) * 1924 Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005) * 1924 Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009) * 1924 Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer and writer (d. 2014) * 1925 Otto Arosemena, President of Ecuador (d. 1984) * 1926 Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope * 1928 Bobby Davidson, Scottish football referee (d. 1993) * 1929 Martin Grüner, German politician (d. 2018) * 1932 Erró, Icelandic artist * 1934 Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980) * 1935 Vasily Livanov, Russian movie actor and screenwriter * 1935 Nick Koback, American baseball player (d. 2015) * 1935 Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (d. 2014) * 1937 George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (d. 2014) * 1938 Vakhtang Kikabidze, Georgian movie actor, director and singer * 1938 Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993) * 1941 Vikki Carr, American singer * 1943 Thomas J. Sargent, American economist * 1945 George Dzundza, American actor * 1945 Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director and screenwriter * 1945 Richard Henderson, Scottish molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry laureate * 1946 Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band) * 1946 Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player * 1947 Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles) * 1947 Brian May, English guitarist (Queen) * 1947 Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer * 1948 Atilio Ancheta, Uruguayan footballer * 1948 Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980) * 1949 Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa * 1950 Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance * 1950 Freddy Moore, American songwriter === 1951 1975 === * 1952 Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990) * 1952 Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs) * 1954 Alvan Adams, American basketball player * 1954 Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist * 1955 Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario * 1956 Nikki Sudden, American musician (d. 2006) * 1958 Peter Houston, Scottish footballer and coach * 1958 Kazushi Kimura, Japanese footballer * 1958 Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler * 1958 Angharad Tomos, Welsh author and language activist * 1959 Juan José Campanella, Argentine director * 1960 Atom Egoyan, Canadian movie maker * 1960 Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor * 1961 Campbell Scott, American actor and director * 1961 Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast * 1961 Niall Mackenzie, Scottish motorcycle road racer * 1961 Benoît Mariage, Belgian movie director * 1961 Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie director * 1961 Lisa Lampanelli, American comedienne * 1962 Anthony Edwards, American actor * 1964 Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, lyricist and actor * 1965 Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist * 1965 Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia * 1965 Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (d. 2015) * 1966 Nancy Carell, American actress * 1968 Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer * 1968 Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head) * 1969 Gabrielle, English singer * 1970 Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, 5th First Minister of Scotland * 1971 Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo) * 1971 Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kiev * 1971 Naoki Soma, Japanese footballer * 1971 Russell Allen, American singer * 1971 Alan Marriott, Canadian voice actor * 1972 Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer * 1972 David Lammy, English politician * 1973 Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth) * 1973 Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player * 1974 Preston Wilson, American baseball player === From 1976 === * 1976 Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and producer * 1976 Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor * 1976 Vinessa Shaw, American actress * 1976 Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer * 1976 Angela Griffin, English actress * 1977 Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler * 1977 Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler * 1978 Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress * 1979 Luke Young, English footballer * 1979 Rick Ankiel, American baseball pitcher * 1980 Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player * 1980 Michelle Heaton, English singer and model (Liberty X) * 1980 Mark Webber, American actor * 1981 Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause) * 1981 Nikki Osborne, Australian actress * 1981 Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira) * 1982 Jared Padalecki, American actor * 1982 Stuart Parnaby, English footballer * 1983 Brooke Kinsella, English actress * 1983 Helen Skelton, English television presenter * 1984 Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer * 1984 Adam Morrison, American basketball player * 1985 LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player * 1985 Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015) * 1986 Leandro Greco, Italian footballer * 1987 Hugh Harris, English singer and guitarist (The Kooks) * 1988 Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor * 1988 Kevin Grosskreutz, German footballer * 1990 Aron Pálmarsson, Icelandic handball player * 1990 Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor * 1995 Maria Paseka, Russian gymnast * 1996 Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer * 1998 Erin Cuthbert, Scottish footballer == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * 514 Pope Symmachus * 806 Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778) * 931 Uda of Japan (b. 867) * 1374 Francesco Petrarca, Italian poet (b. 1304) * 1415 Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359) * 1543 Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. 1499) * 1631 Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550) * 1682 Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1640) * 1692 Sarah Good, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653) * 1692 Susannah Martin, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1621) * 1742 William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675) * 1810 Louise of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776) * 1814 Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774) * 1824 Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783) * 1838 Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785) * 1838 Christmas Evans, Welsh minister (b. 1766) * 1850 Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810) * 1857 Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1796) * 1878 Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847) === 1901 2000 === * 1911 Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer (b. 1854) * 1913 Climaco Calderon, President of Colombia (b. 1852) * 1925 Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840) * 1943 Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet flying ace (b. 1916) * 1947 Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (b. 1915) * 1947 U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898) * 1947 Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886) * 1965 Rhee Syng-man, President of South Korea (b. 1875) * 1970 Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (b. 1904) * 1974 Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (b. 1904) * 1975 Lefty Frizzell, American country musician and singer (b. 1928) * 1977 Karl Ristikivi, Estonian writer (b. 1912) * 1980 Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912) * 1980 Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904) * 1982 Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930) * 1984 Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896) * 1989 Kazimierz Sabbat, President of Poland (b. 1913) * 1992 Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940) === From 2001 === * 2003 Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1908) * 2004 Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911) * 2007 Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944) * 2009 Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930) * 2009 Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991) * 2010 David Warren, Australian inventor (b. 1925) * 2012 Omar Suleiman, Egyptian army general, intelligence officer and politician (b. 1936) * 2012 Hans Nowak, German footballer (b. 1937) * 2013 Bert Trautmann, German footballer (b. 1923) * 2013 Mel Smith, British comedian, actor, director and writer (b. 1952) * 2013 Simon Pimenta, Indian cardinal (b. 1920) * 2014 Lionel Ferbos, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1911) * 2014 John Fasano, American screenwriter, producer and director (b. 1961) * 2014 David Easton, Canadian political scientist (b. 1917) * 2014 Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936) * 2014 Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (b. 1930) * 2014 Iring Fetscher, German political scientist (b. 1922) * 2014 Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian and philosopher (b. 1933) * 2014 Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician (b. 1933) * 2014 Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992) * 2014 James Garner, American actor (b. 1928) * 2015 Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian politician (b. 1947) * 2015 Galina Prozumenshchikova, Russian swimmer (b. 1948) * 2015 Van Alexander, American jazz composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1915) * 2015 Stellan Bojerud, Swedish politician (b. 1944) * 2015 Carmino Ravosa, Argentine composer (b. 1930) * 2016 Carlos Gorostiza, Argentine playwright, theatre director and novelist (b. 1920) * 2016 Garry Marshall, American director, actor, producer and writer (b. 1934) * 2016 Chief Zee, American football fan (Washington Redskins) (b. 1941) * 2017 Miguel Blesa, Spanish banker (b. 1947) * 2017 Jake Butcher, American banker and politician (b. 1936) * 2017 Blaoui Houari, Algerian singer-songwriter (b. 1926) * 2017 Ralph Regula, American politician (b. 1924) * 2018 Rayo de Jalisco Sr., Mexican professional wrestler and actor (b. 1932) * 2018 Jon Schnepp, American film director and animator (b. 1967) * 2018 Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993) * 2019 Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1929) * 2019 César Pelli, Argentine architect (b. 1926) * 2019 Yao Lee, Chinese singer (b. 1922) * 2019 John Elya, Lebanese-born religious figure (b. 1928) * 2019 Bert Rechichar, American football player (b. 1930) * 2019 Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (b. 1944) * 2019 Don Mossi, American baseball player (b. 1929) == Observances == * Sandinista Day (Nicaragua) * Martyrs' Day (Burma) * Christopher Street Day Category:Days of the year