සංකේතය (රසායනික මූලද්‍රව්‍යය)

රසායනික මූලද්‍රව්‍යවල සංකේත යනු රසායනික මූලද්‍රව්‍යය කෙටි කර දැක්වීම සදහා භාවිතා කරන කෙටි යෙදුම් වේ.සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මේවා ඉංග්‍රිසි අකුරු එකකින් හෝ දෙකකින් සමන්විත වේ. අකුරු දෙකක් ඇතිවිට පලමු අකුර කැපිටල් අකුරක් වන අතර දෙවන අකුර සිම්පල් අකුරකි. එක් අකුරක් නම් එය කැපිටල් අකුරකි. තාවකාලික නම් සදහා අකුරු 3ක් ඇත.මෙම සංකේත විශාල ලෙස භාවිතා වන්නේ රසායන විද්‍යාවේදි වන අතර මෙම නාමකරණය අන්තර්ජාතික ශුද්ධ හා ව්‍යවහාරික රසායන විද්‍යා සංගමය මගින් සිදුකරයි International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. සමහරක් පැරණි සංකේත තවදුරටත් භාවිතා නොකරන අවස්ථාද පවතී.

පවත්නා සංකේත

{|class="wikitable sortable" border="2" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; background:#f9f9f9; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse;"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
!width="75"|සංකේතය
!width="150"|නම
!width="150" class="unsortable"|සංකේතයෙහි නිරුක්තිය
!width="75"|පරමාණුක ක්‍රමාංකය
!width="110"|සාපේක්ෂ පරමාණුක ස්කන්ධය
!width="50"|කාණ්ඩය
!width="50"|ආවර්තය
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Ac||Actinium||from Greek aktinos||89||&227[227]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ag||Silver||Latin argentum||47||&107.86822107.8682(2)||11||5
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Al||Aluminium (Aluminum)||Latin alumen||13||&026.9815386826.9815386(8)||13||3
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Am||Americium||the Americas||95||&243[243]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Ar||Argon||Greek argon||18||&039.948139.948(1)||18||3|}</onlyinclude>
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|As||Arsenic||Greek arsenikos||33||&074.92160274.92160(2)||15||4
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|At||Astatine||Greek astatos||85||&210[210]||17||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Au||Gold||Latin aurum||79||&196.9665694196.966569(4)||11||6
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|B||Boron||borax||5||&010.811710.811(7)||13||2
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Ba||Barium||Greek barys||56||&137.3277137.327(7)||2||6
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Be||Beryllium||beryl||4||&009.01218239.012182(3)||2||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Bh||Bohrium||Niels Bohr||107||&264[264]||7||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Bi||Bismuth|| from German wissmuth, becoming bismuth in English||83||&208.980401208.98040(1)||15||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Bk||Berkelium||Berkeley, California||97||&247[247]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|Br||Bromine||Greek bromos||35||&079.904179.904(1)||17||4
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|C||Carbon||Latin carbo||6||&012.0107812.0107(8)||14||2
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Ca||කැල්සියම්||Latin calx||20||&040.078440.078(4)||2||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cd||Cadmium||from Greek kadmia||48||&112.4118112.411(8)||12||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Ce||Cerium||Ceres||58||&140.1161140.116(1)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Cf||Californium||State and University of California||98||&251[251]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|Cl||Chlorine||Greek chloros||17||&035.453235.453(2)||17||3
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Cm||Curium||Pierre and Marie Curie and the traditional -um ending||96||&247[247]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cn||Copernicium||Nicolaus Copernicus ||112||&285[285]||12||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Co||Cobalt||from German kobold||27||&058.933195558.933195(5)||9||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cr||Chromium||Greek chroma||24||&051.9961651.9961(6)||6||4
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Cs||Caesium (Cesium)||Latin caesius||55||&132.90545192132.9054519(2)||1||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cu||තඹ||Latin Cuprum||29||&063.546363.546(3)||11||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Db||Dubnium||Dubna, රුසියාව||105||&262[262]||5||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Ds||Darmstadtium||Darmstadt, ජර්මනිය||110||&271[271]||10||7
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Dy||Dysprosium||Greek dysprositos||66||&162.5001162.500(1)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Er||Erbium||Ytterby, Sweden||68||&167.2593167.259(3)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Es||Einsteinium||Albert Einstein||99||&252[252]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Eu||Europium||Europe||63||&151.9641151.964(1)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|F||Fluorine||Latin fluo||9||&018.9984032518.9984032(5)||17||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Fe||Iron||Latin ferrum||26||&055.845255.845(2)||8||4
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Fm||Fermium||Enrico Fermi||100||&257[257]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Fr||Francium||France||87||&223[223]||1||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Ga||Gallium||Latin Gallia||31||&069.723169.723(1)||13||4
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Gd||Gadolinium||gadolinite||64||&157.253157.25(3)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Ge||Germanium||Germany||32||&072.64172.64(1)||14||4
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|H||Hydrogen||Greek [[water forming|hydrogenes]]||1||&001.0079471.00794(7)||1||1
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|He||Helium||Greek helios||2||&004.00260224.002602(2)||18||1
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Hf||Hafnium||Latin Hafnia||72||&178.492178.49(2)||4||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Hg||Mercury||Latin hydrargyrum||80||&200.592200.59(2)||12||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Ho||Holmium||Latin Holmia||67||&164.930322164.930 32(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Hs||Hassium||Hesse, ජර්මනිය||108||&277[277]||8||7
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|I||Iodine||Greek ioeides||53||&126.904473126.904 47(3)||17||5
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|In||Indium||indigo blue||49||&114.8183114.818(3)||13||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ir||Iridium||Greek iris||77||&192.2173192.217(3)||9||6
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|K||Potassium (Kalium)||Latin kalium||19||&039.0983139.0983(1)||1||4
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Kr||Krypton||Greek kryptos||36||&083.798283.798(2)||18||4
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|La||Lanthanum||Greek lanthanien||57||&138.905477138.90547(7)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Li||Lithium||Greek lithos||3||&006.94126.941(2)The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.||1||2
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Lr||Lawrencium||Ernest O. Lawrence||103||&262[262]||3||7
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Lu||Lutetium||Latin Lutetia||71||&174.9671174.967(1)||3||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Md||Mendelevium||Dmitri Mendeleyev||101||&258[258]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Mg||Magnesium||Magnesia, Greece||12||&024.3050624.3050(6)||2||3
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Mn||Manganese||Latin magnes||25||&054.938045554.938045(5)||7||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Mo||Molybdenum||Greek molybdos||42||&095.94295.94(2)||6||5
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Mt||Meitnerium||Lise Meitner||109||&268[268]||9||7
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|N||Nitrogen||Greek nitron||7||&014.0067214.0067(2)||15||2
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Na||සෝඩියම්||Latin natrium||11||&022.98976928222.98976928(2)||1||3
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Nb||Niobium||Niobe||41||&092.90638292.906 38(2)||5||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Nd||Neodymium||Greek neos didymos||60||&144.2423144.242(3)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Ne||Neon||Greek neos||10||&020.1797620.1797(6)||18||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ni||Nickel||German kupfernickel||28||&058.6934258.6934(2)||10||4
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|No||Nobelium||Alfred Nobel||102||&259[259]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Np||Neptunium||Neptune||93||&237[237]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|O||Oxygen||Greek oxys||8||&015.9994315.9994(3)||16||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Os||Osmium||Greek osme||76||&190.233190.23(3)||8||6
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|P||Phosphorus||Greek phosphoros||15||&030.973762230.973762(2)||15||3
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Pa||Protactinium||Greek protos and actinium||91||&231.035882231.03588(2)|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Pb||Lead||Latin plumbum||82||&207.21207.2(1)||14||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Pd||Palladium||Pallas (genitive Pallados)||46||&106.421106.42(1)||10||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Pm||Promethium||Prometheus||61||&145[145]|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Po||Polonium||Poland||84||&210[210]||16||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Pr||Praseodymium||Greek prasios||59||&140.907652140.90765(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Pt||Platinum||Greek platina||78||&195.0849195.084(9)||10||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Pu||Plutonium||Pluto||94||&244[244]|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Ra||Radium||Latin radius||88||&226[226]||2||7
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Rb||Rubidium||Latin rubidus||37||&085.4678385.4678(3)||1||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Re||Rhenium||German Rheinprovinz||75||&186.2071186.207(1)||7||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Rf||Rutherfordium||Ernest Rutherford||104||&261261||4||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Rg||Roentgenium||Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen||111||&272[272]||11||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Rh||Rhodium||Greek rhodon||45||&102.905502102.905 50(2)||9||5
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Rn||Radon||radium and emanation||86||&220[220]||18||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ru||Ruthenium||Latin Ruthenia||44||&101.072101.07(2)||8||5
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|S||Sulfur (Sulphur)||Latin sulfur||16||&032.065532.065(5)||16||3
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Sb||Antimony||Latin stibium||51||&121.7601121.760(1)||15||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Sc||Scandium||Scandinavia||21||&044.955912644.955912(6)||3||4
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|Se||Selenium||Greek selene||34||&078.96378.96(3)||16||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Sg||Seaborgium||Glenn T. Seaborg||106||&266[266]||6||7
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Si||Silicon||Latin silex||14||&028.0855328.0855(3)||14||3
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Sm||Samarium||samarskite||62||&150.362150.36(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Sn||Tin||Latin stannum||50||&118.7101118.710(7)||14||5
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Sr||Strontium||Gaelic Strontian||38||&087.62187.62(1)||2||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ta||Tantalum||King Tantalus||73||&180.947882180.94788(2)||5||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Tb||Terbium||Ytterby, Sweden||65||&158.925352158.92535(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Tc||Technetium||Greek technetos||43||&098[98]||7||5
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Te||Tellurium||Greek tellus||52||&127.603127.60(3)||16||5
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Th||Thorium||Thor||90||&232.038062232.03806(2)|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ti||Titanium||the Titans||22||&047.867147.867(1)||4||4
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Tl||Thallium||Greek thallos||81||&204.38332204.3833(2)||13||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Tm||Thulium||Thule and the traditional -ium ending||69||&168.934212168.93421(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|U||Uranium||Uranus||92||&238.028913238.02891(3)|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Uuh||Ununhexium||Latin uni, uni, and Greek hex||116||&292[292]||16||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Uuo||Ununoctium||Latin uni, uni, and oct||118||&294[294]||18||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Uup||Ununpentium||Latin uni, uni, and Greek pent||115||&288[288]||15||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Uuq||Ununquadium||Latin uni, uni, and quadr||114||&289[289]||14||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Uus||Ununseptium||Latin uni, uni, and Greek sept||117||&295[295]||17||7
|-style="background-color:#e8e8e8"
|Uut||Ununtrium||Latin uni, uni, and Greek tri||113||&284[284]||13||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|V||Vanadium||Vanadis||23||&050.9415150.9415(1)||5||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|W||Tungsten||German wolfram||74||&183.841183.84(1)||6||6
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Xe||Xenon||Greek xenos||54||&131.2936131.293(6)||18||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Y||Yttrium||Ytterby, Sweden||39||&088.90585288.90585(2)||3||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Yb||Ytterbium||Ytterby, Sweden||70||&173.043173.04(3)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Zn||Zinc||German zink||30||&065.409465.409(4)||12||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Zr||Zirconium||zircon||40||&091.224291.224(2)||4||5
|}

Symbols not currently used
The following is a list of names formerly used or suggested for use in naming the elements listed above.  Also included in this list are placeholder names and names given by discredited claimants for discovery.  Names which retain local use (as with aluminum and jod, for aluminium and iodine respectively) are not included in this table.

Pictographic symbols
The following is a list of pictographic symbols employed to symbolize elements known since ancient times (for example to the alchemists).  Not included in this list are symbolic representations of substances previously called elements (such as certain rare earth mineral blends and the classical elements fire and water of ancient philosophy) which are known today to be multi-atomic.  Also not included are symbolic representations currently used for elements in other languages such as the Traditional Chinese elements.  Modern alphabetic notation was introduced in 1814 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.

Symbols for named isotopes
The following is a list of isotopes of elements given in the previous tables which have been designated unique symbols.  By this it is meant that a comprehensive list of current systematic symbols (in the uAtom form) are not included in the list and can instead be found in the Index to isotope pages chart.  Some of the following symbols are no longer in use within the scientific community, however others (most notably some of the named isotopes of hydrogen) continue to be used today.  Many of these symbols were designated during the early years of radiochemistry, and several isotopes (namely those in the actinium decay family, the radium decay family, and the thorium decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by Ernest Rutherford.  Although it is not an isotope, this is perhaps the most useful place to mention that H is the proposed symbol for the only created anti-element, antihydrogen.

Other symbols that look like element symbols
General:
E: any element
M: metal - any metal atom
Mu: muonium
Ps: positronium
X: halogen - any halogen atom

From organic chemistry:
Ac: acetyl - (also used for the element actinium: see above)
Ar: aryl - (also used for the element argon: see above)
Bn: benzyl
Bu: butyl
Bz: benzoyl or benzyl - (also used for berzelium, an old suggested name for praseodymium).
Cp: cyclopentadienyl
Cy: cyclohexyl
Et: ethyl
Me: methyl
Ms: mesyl (methylsulfonyl)
Ph: phenyl
Pr: propyl - (also used for the element praseodymium: see above)
R: radical - some unspecified element or radical
Tf: triflyl (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)
Tr: trityl (triphenylmethyl)
Ts: tosyl

From inorganic chemistry:
Ab: albite
Di: didymium - Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements praseodymium and neodymium.
Dp: decipium - Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements samarium, neodymium and praseodymium.
Pp: philippium - rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements holmium and samarium.

 Notes 

 References 
Element name etymologies. Retrieved July 15, 2005.
Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107-1122, 2003. Retrieved June 30, 2005.  Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1-109 taken from this source.
IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
WebElements Periodic Table. Retrieved June 30, 2005.  Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 110-116 taken from this source.
Lapp, Ralph E.  Matter.  Life Science Library.  New York: Time Incorporated.  1963.
Leighton, Robert B.  Principles of Modern Physics''.  New York: McGraw-Hill.  1959.

External links 
Berzelius’ List of Elements
History of IUPAC Atomic Weight Values (1883 to 1997)

Lists of chemical elements
Lists of symbols