neuronal death [SEP] gainst Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by wide spread neuronal death and progressive decline of cognitive function.

Nerve Degeneration [SEP] Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction o


decline of cognitive function [SEP]  is characterized by wide spread neuronal death and progressive decline of cognitive function.

Cognition Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment.


warfarin [SEP] Interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin: case series.

Warfarin [SEP] An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the


levofloxacin [SEP] Interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin: case series.

Levofloxacin [SEP] The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.


Warfarin [SEP] Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant and is indicated for


Levofloxacin [SEP] al anticoagulant and is indicated for many clinical conditions. Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is one of the most commonly prescribed anti


fluoroquinolone [SEP]  and is indicated for many clinical conditions. Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in clinical

Fluoroquinolones [SEP] A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.


warfarin [SEP] have not revealed any significant drug-drug interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin, several case reports have indicated that levo


levofloxacin [SEP] aled any significant drug-drug interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin, several case reports have indicated that levofloxacin may sign


bleeding [SEP] nticoagulation effect of warfarin. We report 3 cases of serious bleeding complications that appear to be the result of the interaction b

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


lamivudine [SEP] Mutations associated with lamivudine-resistance in therapy-na  ve hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected p

Lamivudine [SEP] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It i


na [SEP] Mutations associated with lamivudine-resistance in therapy-na  ve hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients with and without

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected [SEP] tations associated with lamivudine-resistance in therapy-na  ve hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients with and without HIV co-infection: implications for an

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


HIV co-infection [SEP]   ve hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients with and without HIV co-infection: implications for antiretroviral therapy in HBV and HIV co-infe

HIV Infections [SEP] Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related


lamivudine [SEP] This was an exploratory study to investigate lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains in selected lamivudin


hepatitis B [SEP] is was an exploratory study to investigate lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains in selected lamivudine-na  ve HBV carriers


na [SEP] esistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains in selected lamivudine-na  ve HBV carriers with and without human immunodeficiency virus


human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection [SEP] ins in selected lamivudine-na  ve HBV carriers with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in South African patients. Thirty-five lamivudine-na  ve HBV in


HBV infected [SEP] ection in South African patients. Thirty-five lamivudine-na  ve HBV infected patients with or without HIV co-infection were studied: 15 chro


HIV co-infection [SEP] ty-five lamivudine-na  ve HBV infected patients with or without HIV co-infection were studied: 15 chronic HBV mono-infected patients and 20 HBV-


HBV mono-infected [SEP] ients with or without HIV co-infection were studied: 15 chronic HBV mono-infected patients and 20 HBV-HIV co-infected patients. The latter group


HBsAg [SEP] s. The latter group was further sub-divided into 13 occult HBV (HBsAg-negative) and 7 overt HBV (HBsAg- positive) patients. HBsAg, an

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens [SEP] Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several s


tyrosine [SEP] criptase (RT) primers, followed by direct sequencing across the tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif of the major cataly

Tyrosine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HO


methionine [SEP] (RT) primers, followed by direct sequencing across the tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif of the major catalytic region

Methionine [SEP] A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.


aspartate [SEP] s, followed by direct sequencing across the tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif of the major catalytic region in the C d

Aspartic Acid [SEP] One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar ca


NMDA [SEP] Sex differences in NMDA antagonist enhancement of morphine antihyperalgesia in a capsai

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


morphine [SEP] Sex differences in NMDA antagonist enhancement of morphine antihyperalgesia in a capsaicin model of persistent pain: compa

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


capsaicin [SEP] n NMDA antagonist enhancement of morphine antihyperalgesia in a capsaicin model of persistent pain: comparisons to two models of acute pa

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


pain [SEP] of morphine antihyperalgesia in a capsaicin model of persistent pain: comparisons to two models of acute pain.

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


acute pain [SEP] apsaicin model of persistent pain: comparisons to two models of acute pain.

Acute Pain [SEP] Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, char


acute pain [SEP] In acute pain models, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists enhance the ant


N-methyl-D-aspartate [SEP] In acute pain models, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists enhance the antinociceptive effects of morph


NMDA [SEP] In acute pain models, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists enhance the antinociceptive effects of morphine to


morphine [SEP] rtate (NMDA) antagonists enhance the antinociceptive effects of morphine to a greater extent in males than females. The purpose of this


pain [SEP] In acute pain models, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists enhance the ant


hyperalgesia [SEP] d duration of the nociceptive stimulus. To this end, persistent hyperalgesia was induced by administration of capsaicin in the tail of gonad

Hyperalgesia [SEP] An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCIC


capsaicin [SEP] s end, persistent hyperalgesia was induced by administration of capsaicin in the tail of gonadally intact F344 rats, following which the


dextromethorphan [SEP] rawal procedures. In males, the non-competitive NMDA antagonist dextromethorphan enhanced the antihyperalgesic effect of low to moderate doses o

Dextromethorphan [SEP] Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough cen


proteinuria [SEP] Development of proteinuria after switch to sirolimus-based immunosuppression in long-term

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


sirolimus [SEP] Development of proteinuria after switch to sirolimus-based immunosuppression in long-term cardiac transplant patient

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


renal dysfunction [SEP] Calcineurin-inhibitor therapy can lead to renal dysfunction in heart transplantation patients. The novel immunosuppressive

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


sirolmus [SEP] transplantation patients. The novel immunosuppressive (IS) drug sirolmus (Srl) lacks nephrotoxic effects; however, proteinuria associate


Srl [SEP] ation patients. The novel immunosuppressive (IS) drug sirolmus (Srl) lacks nephrotoxic effects; however, proteinuria associated wit


nephrotoxic [SEP] nts. The novel immunosuppressive (IS) drug sirolmus (Srl) lacks nephrotoxic effects; however, proteinuria associated with Srl has been repo


proteinuria [SEP] ve (IS) drug sirolmus (Srl) lacks nephrotoxic effects; however, proteinuria associated with Srl has been reported following renal transplan


cyclosporine [SEP] study, long-term cardiac transplant patients were switched from cyclosporine to Srl-based IS. Concomitant IS consisted of mycophenolate mofe

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


mycophenolate mofetil [SEP]  from cyclosporine to Srl-based IS. Concomitant IS consisted of mycophenolate mofetil +/- steroids. Proteinuria increased significantly from a median

mycophenolate mofetil [SEP]


steroids [SEP] based IS. Concomitant IS consisted of mycophenolate mofetil +/- steroids. Proteinuria increased significantly from a median of 0.13 g/da

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


ACE inhibitor [SEP] a (>1.0 g/day); this increased to 22.9% postswitch (p = 0.006). ACE inhibitor and angiotensin-releasing blocker (ARB) therapy reduced protein

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors [SEP] A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect


angiotensin-releasing blocker [SEP] is increased to 22.9% postswitch (p = 0.006). ACE inhibitor and angiotensin-releasing blocker (ARB) therapy reduced proteinuria development. Patients without

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists [SEP] Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS. Many drugs in this class specifically target the ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.


ARB [SEP] h (p = 0.006). ACE inhibitor and angiotensin-releasing blocker (ARB) therapy reduced proteinuria development. Patients without prot


ACEi [SEP] ct on renal function in these patients. Srl should be used with ACEi/ARB therapy and patients monitored for proteinuria and increase


N-pyrimidinyl-2-phenoxyacetamides [SEP] Synthesis of N-pyrimidinyl-2-phenoxyacetamides as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.

Phenoxyacetates [SEP]


adenosine [SEP] Synthesis of N-pyrimidinyl-2-phenoxyacetamides as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.

Adenosine [SEP] A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles i


N-pyrimidinyl-2-phenoxyacetamide [SEP] A series of N-pyrimidinyl-2-phenoxyacetamide adenosine A(2A) antagonists is described. SAR studies led to co

Phenoxyacetates [SEP]


adenosine [SEP] A series of N-pyrimidinyl-2-phenoxyacetamide adenosine A(2A) antagonists is described. SAR studies led to compound 14


haloperidol [SEP] (A(1)/A(2A) > 100), and efficacy (MED 10 mg/kg p.o.) in the rat haloperidol-induced catalepsy model for Parkinson's disease.

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


catalepsy [SEP] and efficacy (MED 10 mg/kg p.o.) in the rat haloperidol-induced catalepsy model for Parkinson's disease.

Catalepsy [SEP] A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. Th


Parkinson's disease [SEP]  mg/kg p.o.) in the rat haloperidol-induced catalepsy model for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


Methamphetamine [SEP] Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and microglial activation are not mediate

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


neurotoxicity [SEP] Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and microglial activation are not mediated by fractalkine recep

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


Methamphetamine [SEP] Methamphetamine (METH) damages dopamine (DA) nerve endings by a process that ha


METH [SEP] Methamphetamine (METH) damages dopamine (DA) nerve endings by a process that has been


dopamine [SEP] Methamphetamine (METH) damages dopamine (DA) nerve endings by a process that has been linked to microgl

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


DA [SEP] Methamphetamine (METH) damages dopamine (DA) nerve endings by a process that has been linked to microglial


MPTP [SEP] cific fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) as an important mediator of MPTP-induced neurodegeneration of DA neurons. Because the CNS damage

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [SEP] A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those


neurodegeneration [SEP] kine receptor (CX3CR1) as an important mediator of MPTP-induced neurodegeneration of DA neurons. Because the CNS damage caused by METH and MPTP i

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


CNS damage [SEP] or of MPTP-induced neurodegeneration of DA neurons. Because the CNS damage caused by METH and MPTP is highly selective for the DA neuronal


neurotoxicity [SEP]  highly selective for the DA neuronal system in mouse models of neurotoxicity, we hypothesized that the CX3CR1 plays a role in METH-induced n


tacrolimus [SEP] Recovery of tacrolimus-associated brachial neuritis after conversion to everolimus in

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


brachial neuritis [SEP] Recovery of tacrolimus-associated brachial neuritis after conversion to everolimus in a pediatric renal transplant

Brachial Plexus Neuritis [SEP] A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pain in the shoulder region whi


everolimus [SEP]  of tacrolimus-associated brachial neuritis after conversion to everolimus in a pediatric renal transplant recipient--case report and revi

everolimus [SEP]


TAC [SEP] TAC has been shown to be a potent immunosuppressive agent for solid


Neurotoxicity [SEP] uppressive agent for solid organ transplantation in pediatrics. Neurotoxicity is a potentially serious toxic effect. It is characterized by e


encephalopathy [SEP] y is a potentially serious toxic effect. It is characterized by encephalopathy, headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits. Here, we descri

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


headaches [SEP] ly serious toxic effect. It is characterized by encephalopathy, headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits. Here, we describe an eight

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


seizures [SEP] toxic effect. It is characterized by encephalopathy, headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits. Here, we describe an eight-and-a-hal

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


neurological deficits [SEP]  It is characterized by encephalopathy, headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits. Here, we describe an eight-and-a-half-yr-old male renal transp

Neurologic Manifestations [SEP] Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction.


myelitis [SEP] ervical cord and right brachial plexus roots indicative of both myelitis and right brachial plexitis. Symptoms persisted for three month

Myelitis [SEP] Inflammation of the spinal cord. Relatively common etiologies include infections; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; SPINAL CORD; and ischemia


brachial plexitis [SEP] ght brachial plexus roots indicative of both myelitis and right brachial plexitis. Symptoms persisted for three months despite TAC dose reduction


methylprednisolone [SEP] te TAC dose reduction, administration of IVIG and four doses of methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Improvement and eventually full recovery only oc

Methylprednisolone [SEP] A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.


everolimus [SEP] er TAC was completely discontinued and successfully replaced by everolimus.

everolimus [SEP]


Valvular heart disease [SEP] Valvular heart disease in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pergolide. Co

Heart Valve Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE T


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Valvular heart disease in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pergolide. Course following treatment modification


pergolide [SEP] heart disease in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pergolide. Course following treatment modifications.

Pergolide [SEP] A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some mar


Valvular heart abnormalities [SEP] Valvular heart abnormalities have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) tr


Parkinson's disease [SEP] alvular heart abnormalities have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with pergolide. However, the incidence and severit


PD [SEP] lities have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with pergolide. However, the incidence and severity of


pergolide [SEP] reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with pergolide. However, the incidence and severity of these abnormalities var


valvular heart abnormality [SEP] assessed. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency and severity of valvular heart abnormality and its possible reversibility after drug withdrawal in a case-


aortic regurgitation [SEP] ed to the cardiology department. RESULTS: Compared to controls, aortic regurgitation (OR: 3.1; 95% IC: 1.1-8.8) and mitral regurgitation (OR: 10.7;

Aortic Valve Insufficiency [SEP] Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to


mitral regurgitation [SEP] o controls, aortic regurgitation (OR: 3.1; 95% IC: 1.1-8.8) and mitral regurgitation (OR: 10.7; 95% IC: 2.1-53) were more frequent in PD patients (t

Mitral Valve Insufficiency [SEP] Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mi


valvular regurgitation [SEP] elated with pergolide cumulative dose. A restrictive pattern of valvular regurgitation, suggestive of the role of pergolide, was observed in 12/30 (40


heart failure [SEP] golide, was observed in 12/30 (40%) patients including two with heart failure. Pergolide was discontinued in 10 patients with valvular heart

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


Pergolide [SEP] erved in 12/30 (40%) patients including two with heart failure. Pergolide was discontinued in 10 patients with valvular heart disease, re


valvular heart disease [SEP] h heart failure. Pergolide was discontinued in 10 patients with valvular heart disease, resulting in a lower regurgitation grade (p=0.01) at the secon


valve regurgitation [SEP] mination. This study supports the high frequency of restrictive valve regurgitation in PD patients treated with pergolide and reveals that a signif


dopamine [SEP] provement is usual when the treatment is converted to non-ergot dopamine agonists.


papaverine [SEP] Adverse effects of topical papaverine on auditory nerve function.

Papaverine [SEP] An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It


Papaverine hydrochloride [SEP] BACKGROUND: Papaverine hydrochloride is a direct-acting vasodilator used to manage vasospasm during


vasospasm [SEP] ine hydrochloride is a direct-acting vasodilator used to manage vasospasm during various neurosurgical operations. Transient cranial nerv

Vasospasm, Intracranial [SEP] Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Int


cranial nerve dysfunction [SEP] ge vasospasm during various neurosurgical operations. Transient cranial nerve dysfunction has been described in a few cases with topical papaverine. This

Cranial Nerve Diseases [SEP] Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disor


papaverine [SEP] erve dysfunction has been described in a few cases with topical papaverine. This study supports previous reports and provides neurophysiol


sensorineural hearing loss [SEP] atient showed no recovery of later waves and a delayed profound sensorineural hearing loss. The average recovery time of BAEP waveforms to pre-papaverine

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural [SEP] Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round


adverse effect on the proximal eighth nerve [SEP]  waveforms with a consistent temporal delay suggests a possible adverse effect on the proximal eighth nerve. Recommendations to avoid potential cranial nerve deficits from

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common exa


cranial nerve deficits [SEP] n the proximal eighth nerve. Recommendations to avoid potential cranial nerve deficits from papaverine are provided.


proteinuria [SEP] Massive proteinuria and acute renal failure after oral bisphosphonate (alendronate)

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


acute renal failure [SEP] Massive proteinuria and acute renal failure after oral bisphosphonate (alendronate) administration in a pat

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


bisphosphonate [SEP] Massive proteinuria and acute renal failure after oral bisphosphonate (alendronate) administration in a patient with focal segmental

Diphosphonates [SEP] Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium


alendronate [SEP]  proteinuria and acute renal failure after oral bisphosphonate (alendronate) administration in a patient with focal segmental glomeruloscle

Alendronate [SEP] A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring som


focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [SEP] l bisphosphonate (alendronate) administration in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental [SEP] A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] A 61-year-old Japanese man with nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was initially respond

Nephrotic Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in


focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [SEP] A 61-year-old Japanese man with nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was initially responding well to steroid therapy. The amount of


steroid [SEP] l segmental glomerulosclerosis was initially responding well to steroid therapy. The amount of daily urinary protein decreased from 15.

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


bisphosphonate [SEP] rotein decreased from 15.6 to 2.8 g. Within 14 days of the oral bisphosphonate (alendronate sodium) administration, the amount of daily urinar


alendronate sodium [SEP]  from 15.6 to 2.8 g. Within 14 days of the oral bisphosphonate (alendronate sodium) administration, the amount of daily urinary protein increased


acute renal failure [SEP] nt of daily urinary protein increased rapidly up to 12.8 g with acute renal failure. After discontinuing the oral alendronate, the patient underwen


alendronate [SEP]  from 15.6 to 2.8 g. Within 14 days of the oral bisphosphonate (alendronate sodium) administration, the amount of daily urinary protein inc


creatinine [SEP] ysis and four cycles of LDL apheresis. Urinary volume and serum creatinine levels recovered to the normal range, with urinary protein disa

Creatinine [SEP]


bisphosphonates [SEP] is report demonstrates that not only intravenous, but also oral bisphosphonates can aggravate proteinuria and acute renal failure.


proteinuria [SEP] t only intravenous, but also oral bisphosphonates can aggravate proteinuria and acute renal failure.


doxorubicin [SEP] Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 in doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] m- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 in doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome.


Doxorubicin [SEP] Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy leads to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-d


nephropathy [SEP] Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy leads to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-dependent volume rete

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


sodium [SEP] Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy leads to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-dependent volume retention and renal fibrosis. T

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


volume retention [SEP] nephropathy leads to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-dependent volume retention and renal fibrosis. The aldosterone-sensitive serum- and glucoc

Urinary Retention [SEP] Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).


fibrosis [SEP] lial sodium channel (ENaC)-dependent volume retention and renal fibrosis. The aldosterone-sensitive serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible

Fibrosis [SEP] Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other


aldosterone [SEP] annel (ENaC)-dependent volume retention and renal fibrosis. The aldosterone-sensitive serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 has b

Aldosterone [SEP] A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodiu


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] te the role of SGK1 in the volume retention and fibrosis during nephrotic syndrome. To this end, doxorubicin (15 mug/g body wt) was injected intra


doxorubicin [SEP]  retention and fibrosis during nephrotic syndrome. To this end, doxorubicin (15 mug/g body wt) was injected intravenously into gene-targete


proteinuria [SEP] ittermates (sgk1(+/+)). Doxorubicin treatment resulted in heavy proteinuria (>100 mg protein/mg crea) in 15/44 of sgk1(+/+) and 15/44 of sg


ascites [SEP] /44 of sgk1(-/-) mice leading to severe nephrotic syndrome with ascites, lipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia in both genotypes. Plasma aldos

Ascites [SEP] Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.


lipidemia [SEP] k1(-/-) mice leading to severe nephrotic syndrome with ascites, lipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia in both genotypes. Plasma aldosterone leve

Hyperlipidemias [SEP] Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.


hypoalbuminemia [SEP] ading to severe nephrotic syndrome with ascites, lipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia in both genotypes. Plasma aldosterone levels increased in nephr

Hypoalbuminemia [SEP] A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased h


nephrotic [SEP] te the role of SGK1 in the volume retention and fibrosis during nephrotic syndrome. To this end, doxorubicin (15 mug/g body wt) was injec


weight gain [SEP] ol/mg crea) and was associated with a significantly higher body weight gain in sgk1(+/+) compared with sgk1(-/-) mice (+6.6 +/- 0.7 vs. +4.

Weight Gain [SEP] Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.


urea [SEP] +4.1 +/- 0.8 g). During the course of nephrotic syndrome, serum urea concentrations increased significantly faster in sgk1(-/-) mice

Urea [SEP] A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of prote


uremia [SEP] ntly faster in sgk1(-/-) mice than in sgk1(+/+) mice leading to uremia and a reduced median survival in sgk1(-/-) mice (29 vs. 40 days

Uremia [SEP] A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the resul


cholestasis [SEP] Severe and long lasting cholestasis after high-dose co-trimoxazole treatment for Pneumocystis pneum

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


co-trimoxazole [SEP] Severe and long lasting cholestasis after high-dose co-trimoxazole treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients--

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination [SEP] This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gr


Pneumocystis pneumonia [SEP] asting cholestasis after high-dose co-trimoxazole treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients--a report of two cases.

Pneumonia, Pneumocystis [SEP] A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachyp


HIV-infected [SEP] igh-dose co-trimoxazole treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients--a report of two cases.

HIV Infections [SEP] Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related


Pneumocystis pneumonia [SEP] Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected individ


PCP [SEP] Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected individuals,


opportunistic infection [SEP] Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected individuals, is generally treated with high dos

Opportunistic Infections [SEP] An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.


HIV-infected [SEP] eumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected individuals, is generally treated with high doses of co-trimoxa


co-trimoxazole [SEP] V-infected individuals, is generally treated with high doses of co-trimoxazole. However, treatment is often limited by adverse effects. Here,


intrahepatic cholestasis [SEP] ly immunocompromised HIV-infected patients who developed severe intrahepatic cholestasis, and in one patient lesions mimicking liver abscess formation o

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPA


liver abscess [SEP]  intrahepatic cholestasis, and in one patient lesions mimicking liver abscess formation on radiologic exams, during co-trimoxazole treatment

Liver Abscess [SEP] Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.


proteinuria [SEP] Clinically significant proteinuria following the administration of sirolimus to renal transplant r

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


sirolimus [SEP] nically significant proteinuria following the administration of sirolimus to renal transplant recipients.

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


Sirolimus [SEP] BACKGROUND: Sirolimus is the latest immunosuppressive agent used to prevent rejection


nephrotoxicity [SEP] osuppressive agent used to prevent rejection, and may have less nephrotoxicity than calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimens. To date there

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


proteinuria [SEP] e there has been little documentation of clinically significant proteinuria linked with the use of sirolimus. We have encountered several p


sirolimus [SEP] on of clinically significant proteinuria linked with the use of sirolimus. We have encountered several patients who developed substantial


creatinine [SEP] ne samples by turbidometric measurement or random urine protein:creatinine ratios, an estimate of grams of proteinuria/day. Laboratory res

Creatinine [SEP]


nephrotic [SEP] tion between the initiation of sirolimus and the development of nephrotic-range proteinuria. Proteinuria correlated most strongly with si

Nephrotic Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in


Proteinuria [SEP] f sirolimus and the development of nephrotic-range proteinuria. Proteinuria correlated most strongly with sirolimus therapy when compared t


oxycodone [SEP] tive cognitive and subjective side effects of immediate-release oxycodone in healthy middle-aged and older adults.

Oxycodone [SEP] A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.


oxycodone [SEP] rocognitive effects of a single 10-mg dose of immediate-release oxycodone in healthy, older (> 65 years), and middle-aged (35 to 55 years


pain [SEP] adults who were not suffering from chronic or significant daily pain. Seventy-one participants completed 2 separate study days and w

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


declines in simple and sustained attention [SEP] approximately 90 to 120 minutes postdose (P < .01). Significant declines in simple and sustained attention, working memory, and verbal memory were observed at 1 hour post

Cognition Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment.


chronic pain [SEP] ggests that for healthy older adults who are not suffering from chronic pain, neurocognitive and pharmacodynamic changes in response to a 10

Chronic Pain [SEP] Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persi


modafinil [SEP] Normalizing effects of modafinil on sleep in chronic cocaine users.

modafinil [SEP]


cocaine [SEP] Normalizing effects of modafinil on sleep in chronic cocaine users.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


modafinil [SEP]  the present study was to determine the effect of morning-dosed modafinil on sleep and daytime sleepiness in chronic cocaine users. METHO

modafinil [SEP]


daytime sleepiness [SEP] to determine the effect of morning-dosed modafinil on sleep and daytime sleepiness in chronic cocaine users. METHOD: Twenty cocaine-dependent part

Sleep Disorders [SEP] Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major c


cocaine [SEP] ning-dosed modafinil on sleep and daytime sleepiness in chronic cocaine users. METHOD: Twenty cocaine-dependent participants were rando


Modafinil [SEP] malizing effect of modafinil in cocaine-dependent participants. Modafinil was associated with increased daytime sleep latency, as measure

modafinil [SEP]


asenapine [SEP] Efficacy and safety of asenapine in a placebo- and haloperidol-controlled trial in patients with

Asenapine [SEP]


haloperidol [SEP] Efficacy and safety of asenapine in a placebo- and haloperidol-controlled trial in patients with acute exacerbation of schizop

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


schizophrenia [SEP] peridol-controlled trial in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia [SEP] A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALL


Asenapine [SEP] Asenapine is approved by the Food and Drugs Administration in adults for

Asenapine [SEP]


schizophrenia [SEP]  Food and Drugs Administration in adults for acute treatment of schizophrenia or of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorde


manic [SEP] nistration in adults for acute treatment of schizophrenia or of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or wi

Bipolar Disorder [SEP] A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and rec


bipolar I disorder [SEP]  of schizophrenia or of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features. In a double-blind 6-week tr


psychotic [SEP] xed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features. In a double-blind 6-week trial, 458 patients with acu

Psychotic Disorders [SEP] Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent halluc


asenapine [SEP] hizophrenia were randomly assigned to fixed-dose treatment with asenapine at 5 mg twice daily (BID), asenapine at 10 mg BID, placebo, or

Asenapine [SEP]


haloperidol [SEP]  at 5 mg twice daily (BID), asenapine at 10 mg BID, placebo, or haloperidol at 4 mg BID (to verify assay sensitivity). With last observatio


Extrapyramidal symptoms [SEP] 5 and 10 mg BID, haloperidol, and placebo groups, respectively. Extrapyramidal symptoms reported as AEs occurred in 15% and 18%, 34%, and 10% of the as

Basal Ganglia Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (mos


extrapyramidal symptoms [SEP] and haloperidol; greater contrasts were seen in AEs, especially extrapyramidal symptoms.


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] stribution of novel proteins in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.

Puromycin Aminonucleoside [SEP] PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineopl


nephrosis [SEP] ns in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.

Nephrosis [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secon


proteinuria [SEP] D/AIMS: It is still unclear what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, w

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] r what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and perm


nephrosis [SEP] erulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and permeability c


cardiac toxicity [SEP] Twin preterm neonates with cardiac toxicity related to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy.

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


lopinavir/ritonavir [SEP] Twin preterm neonates with cardiac toxicity related to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy.

lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination [SEP]


human immunodeficiency virus infection [SEP] were born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation to a mother with human immunodeficiency virus infection. One of the twins developed complete heart block and dilated ca

HIV Infections [SEP] Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related


heart block [SEP] deficiency virus infection. One of the twins developed complete heart block and dilated cardiomyopathy related to lopinavir/ritonavir thera

Heart Block [SEP] Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE


dilated cardiomyopathy [SEP]  infection. One of the twins developed complete heart block and dilated cardiomyopathy related to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy, a boosted protease-inhi

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [SEP] A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk


lopinavir/ritonavir [SEP] oped complete heart block and dilated cardiomyopathy related to lopinavir/ritonavir therapy, a boosted protease-inhibitor agent, while the other tw


bradycardia [SEP] d protease-inhibitor agent, while the other twin developed mild bradycardia. We recommend caution in the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in the

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


amnesia [SEP] Learning of rats under amnesia caused by pentobarbital.

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


pentobarbital [SEP] Learning of rats under amnesia caused by pentobarbital.

Pentobarbital [SEP] A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given


amnesia [SEP] ssociated learning of rats in the normal state and the state of amnesia produced by pentobarbital (15 mg/kg, ip) was carried out. Rats


pentobarbital [SEP] f rats in the normal state and the state of amnesia produced by pentobarbital (15 mg/kg, ip) was carried out. Rats were trained to approach a


memory dissociation [SEP] h different shelves in different drug states. It was shown that memory dissociation occurred in both groups. Differences in the parameters of train

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


Angiosarcoma [SEP] Angiosarcoma of the liver associated with diethylstilbestrol.

Hemangiosarcoma [SEP] A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood


Angiosarcoma of the liver [SEP] Angiosarcoma of the liver associated with diethylstilbestrol.

Liver Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.


diethylstilbestrol [SEP] Angiosarcoma of the liver associated with diethylstilbestrol.

Diethylstilbestrol [SEP] A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as


Angiosarcoma [SEP] Angiosarcoma of the liver occurred in a 76-year-old man who had been treated


Angiosarcoma of the liver [SEP] Angiosarcoma of the liver occurred in a 76-year-old man who had been treated for a well-d


adenocarcinoma [SEP]  76-year-old man who had been treated for a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the liver with diethylstilbestrol for 13 years. Angiosarcoma

Adenocarcinoma [SEP] A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.


adenocarcinoma of the liver [SEP]  76-year-old man who had been treated for a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the liver with diethylstilbestrol for 13 years. Angiosarcoma was also pre


diethylstilbestrol [SEP] ated for a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the liver with diethylstilbestrol for 13 years. Angiosarcoma was also present within pulmonary an


intraarterial lesions [SEP] t within pulmonary and renal arteries. The possibility that the intraarterial lesions might represent independent primary tumors is considered.

Vascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ART


tumors [SEP] t the intraarterial lesions might represent independent primary tumors is considered.

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


xanthine [SEP] Role of xanthine oxidase in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats.

Xanthine [SEP] A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degr


dexamethasone [SEP] Role of xanthine oxidase in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats.

Dexamethasone [SEP] An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.


hypertension [SEP] Role of xanthine oxidase in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


hypertension [SEP] 1. Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension (GC-HT) in the rat is associated with nitric oxide-redox imbala


HT [SEP] 1. Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension (GC-HT) in the rat is associated with nitric oxide-redox imbalance. 2.


nitric oxide [SEP] coid-induced hypertension (GC-HT) in the rat is associated with nitric oxide-redox imbalance. 2. We studied the role of xanthine oxidase (XO

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


xanthine [SEP] ed with nitric oxide-redox imbalance. 2. We studied the role of xanthine oxidase (XO), which is implicated in the production of reactive


dexamethasone [SEP]  is implicated in the production of reactive oxygen species, in dexamethasone-induced hypertension (dex-HT). 3. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley ra


dex [SEP]  is implicated in the production of reactive oxygen species, in dexamethasone-induced hypertension (dex-HT). 3. Thirty male Sprague


allopurinol [SEP] ndomly into four treatment groups: saline, dexamethasone (dex), allopurinol plus saline, and allopurinol plus dex. 4. Systolic blood pressu

Allopurinol [SEP] A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.


urate [SEP] ight was used as a marker of glucocorticoid activity, and serum urate to assess XO inhibition. 5. Dex increased SBP (110 +/- 2-126 +/

Uric Acid [SEP] An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product o


Dex [SEP] corticoid activity, and serum urate to assess XO inhibition. 5. Dex increased SBP (110 +/- 2-126 +/- 3 mmHg; P < 0.001) and decreas


increased SBP [SEP] icoid activity, and serum urate to assess XO inhibition. 5. Dex increased SBP (110 +/- 2-126 +/- 3 mmHg; P < 0.001) and decreased thymus (P <


decreased thymus (P < 0.001) and bodyweights [SEP]  5. Dex increased SBP (110 +/- 2-126 +/- 3 mmHg; P < 0.001) and decreased thymus (P < 0.001) and bodyweights (P" < 0.01). Allopurinol decreased serum urate from 76 +/- 5 to

Weight Loss [SEP] Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.


Allopurinol [SEP] ) and decreased thymus (P < 0.001) and bodyweights (P" < 0.01). Allopurinol decreased serum urate from 76 +/- 5 to 30 +/- 3 micromol/L (P <


risperidone [SEP] Extrapyramidal side effects with risperidone and haloperidol at comparable D2 receptor occupancy levels.

Risperidone [SEP] A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has


haloperidol [SEP] Extrapyramidal side effects with risperidone and haloperidol at comparable D2 receptor occupancy levels.

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


Risperidone [SEP] Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug with high affinity at dopamine D2 and


dopamine [SEP] Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug with high affinity at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. Previous clinical studies hav

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


serotonin 5-HT2 [SEP]  is an antipsychotic drug with high affinity at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. Previous clinical studies have proposed that risperi

Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 [SEP] A subclass of G-protein coupled SEROTONIN receptors that couple preferentially to the GQ-G11 G-PROTEINS resulting in increased i


risperidone [SEP] n 5-HT2 receptors. Previous clinical studies have proposed that risperidone's pharmacologic profile may produce improved efficacy for negat


psychotic symptoms [SEP] harmacologic profile may produce improved efficacy for negative psychotic symptoms and decreased propensity for extrapyramidal side effects; featu

Psychotic Disorders [SEP] Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent halluc


haloperidol [SEP]  treated with routine clinical doses of risperidone (n = 12) or haloperidol (n = 7). Both risperidone and haloperidol produced D2 occupancy


Drug-induced parkinsonism [SEP] ween occupancy levels obtained with haloperidol or risperidone. Drug-induced parkinsonism was observed in subjects treated with risperidone (42%) and hal

Parkinson Disease, Secondary [SEP] Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected co


Simvastatin-ezetimibe [SEP] Simvastatin-ezetimibe-induced hepatic failure necessitating liver transplantation.

ezetimibe, simvastatin drug combination [SEP]


hepatic failure [SEP] Simvastatin-ezetimibe-induced hepatic failure necessitating liver transplantation.

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


statin [SEP] t of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy. However, hepatotoxic events have not been widely publ

Simvastatin [SEP] A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLU


hepatotoxic [SEP] taryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy. However, hepatotoxic events have not been widely published with ezetimibe or the com

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


ezetimibe [SEP] However, hepatotoxic events have not been widely published with ezetimibe or the combination agent simvastatin-ezetimibe. We describe a 7

ezetimibe [SEP]


simvastatin-ezetimibe [SEP] t been widely published with ezetimibe or the combination agent simvastatin-ezetimibe. We describe a 70-year-old Hispanic woman who developed fulmina


fulminant hepatic failure [SEP] etimibe. We describe a 70-year-old Hispanic woman who developed fulminant hepatic failure necessitating liver transplantation 10 weeks after conversion f

Liver Failure, Acute [SEP] A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of H


simvastatin [SEP] t been widely published with ezetimibe or the combination agent simvastatin-ezetimibe. We describe a 70-year-old Hispanic woman who develop


simvastatin 10 mg-ezetimibe 40 mg [SEP] ntation 10 weeks after conversion from simvastatin 40 mg/day to simvastatin 10 mg-ezetimibe 40 mg/day. The patient's lipid panel had been maintained with simvast


hepatotoxicity [SEP] astatin for 18 months before the conversion without evidence of hepatotoxicity. A routine laboratory work-up 10 weeks after conversion reveale


Simvastatinezetimibe [SEP] ter conversion revealed elevated serum aminotransferase levels. Simvastatinezetimibe and escitalopram (which she was taking for depression) were dis


escitalopram [SEP] levated serum aminotransferase levels. Simvastatinezetimibe and escitalopram (which she was taking for depression) were discontinued, and ot

Citalopram [SEP] A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in redu


depression [SEP] Simvastatinezetimibe and escitalopram (which she was taking for depression) were discontinued, and other potential causes of hepatotoxicit

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


drug toxicity [SEP] evels, and liver biopsy revealed evidence of moderate-to-severe drug toxicity. She underwent liver transplantation with an uneventful postope

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


Ezetimibe [SEP] tive day 23, and her 2-year follow-up showed no adverse events. Ezetimibe undergoes extensive glucuronidation by uridine diphosphate gluc

ezetimibe [SEP]


uridine diphosphate [SEP] dverse events. Ezetimibe undergoes extensive glucuronidation by uridine diphosphate glucoronosyltransferases (UGT) in the intestine and liver and m

Uridine Diphosphate [SEP] A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.


simvastatin hydroxy acid [SEP] testine and liver and may have inhibited the glucuronidation of simvastatin hydroxy acid, resulting in increased simvastatin exposure and subsequent hep

simvastatin hydroxyacid [SEP]


liver failure [SEP]  this is the first case report of simvastatin-ezetimibe-induced liver failure that resulted in liver transplantation. We postulate that the m


simvastatinezetimibe [SEP] n liver transplantation. We postulate that the mechanism of the simvastatinezetimibe-induced hepatotoxicity is the increased simvastatin exposure by


Methamphetamine [SEP] dical risks associated with this serious condition. BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine is a very addictive, powerful stimulant that increases wakefuln

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


cardiac dysrhythmias [SEP] ess and physical activity and can produce other effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and violent behavior. Dental pat

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


hypertension [SEP] ity and can produce other effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and violent behavior. Dental patients abusing

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


hallucinations [SEP] oduce other effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and violent behavior. Dental patients abusing methamphetamine

Hallucinations [SEP] Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real.


violent behavior [SEP] such as cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and violent behavior. Dental patients abusing methamphetamine can present with poor

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


methamphetamine [SEP] , hallucinations, and violent behavior. Dental patients abusing methamphetamine can present with poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, rampant caries


xerostomia [SEP] nts abusing methamphetamine can present with poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, rampant caries ("meth mouth"), and excessive tooth wear. Oral

Xerostomia [SEP] Decreased salivary flow.


caries [SEP] etamine can present with poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, rampant caries ("meth mouth"), and excessive tooth wear. Oral rehabilitation o

Dental Caries [SEP] Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic str


tooth wear [SEP] giene, xerostomia, rampant caries ("meth mouth"), and excessive tooth wear. Oral rehabilitation of patients using methamphetamine can be c

Tooth Wear [SEP] Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes


pain [SEP] ESCRIPTION: A 30-year-old Caucasian woman presented with dental pain, bad breath, and self-reported poor esthetics. A comprehensive

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


bad breath [SEP] TION: A 30-year-old Caucasian woman presented with dental pain, bad breath, and self-reported poor esthetics. A comprehensive examination

Respiration Disorders [SEP] Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.


carious lesions [SEP] ry, panoramic radiograph, and intraoral examination revealed 19 carious lesions, which is not very common for a healthy adult. She reported her


carious episodes [SEP] ethamphetamine for five years and had not experienced any major carious episodes before she started using the drug. SUMMARY: The patient's medic


methamphetamines [SEP]  practitioners recognize and manage patients who may be abusing methamphetamines. Dental practitioners also may be skeptical about the reliabili


Thyroxine [SEP] Thyroxine abuse: an unusual case of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy.

Thyroxine [SEP] The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) an


thyrotoxicosis [SEP] Thyroxine abuse: an unusual case of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy.

Thyrotoxicosis [SEP] A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous


Eating disorders [SEP] Eating disorders and the associated behavioural problems and drug abuse are unco

Eating Disorders [SEP] A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.


drug abuse [SEP] Eating disorders and the associated behavioural problems and drug abuse are uncommon in pregnancy. When they do occur they are often un

Substance-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related to substance abuse.


eating disorders [SEP] ates a number of problems that may be encountered in women with eating disorders in pregnancy, including prolonged and recurrent metabolic distu


thyrotoxicosis [SEP] omen with eating disorders and reminds us that when a cause for thyrotoxicosis remains obscure, thyroxine abuse should be considered and explo


thyroxine [SEP] eminds us that when a cause for thyrotoxicosis remains obscure, thyroxine abuse should be considered and explored.


methamphetamine [SEP] Attenuation of methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by lip


neurotoxicity [SEP] tenuation of methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by lipopolysaccharide pretreatment.

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


lipopolysaccharide [SEP] ine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by lipopolysaccharide pretreatment.

Lipopolysaccharides [SEP] Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cel


methamphetamine [SEP] Immunological activation has been proposed to play a role in methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic terminal damage. In this study, we examine


dopaminergic terminal damage [SEP] ion has been proposed to play a role in methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic terminal damage. In this study, we examined the roles of lipopolysaccharide, a

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


lipopolysaccharide [SEP] nergic terminal damage. In this study, we examined the roles of lipopolysaccharide, a pro-inflammatory and inflammatory factor, treatment in modul


dopamine [SEP] ion has been proposed to play a role in methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic terminal damage. In this study, we examined the roles of li

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


neurotoxicity [SEP] n modulating the methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopamine neurotoxicity. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment did not affect the basal body


Lipopolysaccharide [SEP] e methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopamine neurotoxicity. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment did not affect the basal body temperature or metha


hyperthermia [SEP] t affect the basal body temperature or methamphetamine-elicited hyperthermia three days later. Such systemic lipopolysaccharide treatment mi

Fever [SEP] An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.


3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [SEP] eatment mitigated methamphetamine-induced striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid depletions in a dose-dependent manner. As the most potent dose

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid [SEP] A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.


adriamycin [SEP] Effect of converting enzyme inhibition on the course of adriamycin-induced nephropathy.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


nephropathy [SEP] onverting enzyme inhibition on the course of adriamycin-induced nephropathy.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


enalapril [SEP] The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalapril was assessed in Munich-Wistar rats with established adriamycin

Enalapril [SEP] One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension.


adriamycin [SEP] ) enalapril was assessed in Munich-Wistar rats with established adriamycin nephrosis. Rats were given a single dose of adriamycin and one


nephrosis [SEP]  was assessed in Munich-Wistar rats with established adriamycin nephrosis. Rats were given a single dose of adriamycin and one month late

Nephrosis [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secon


albuminuria [SEP] amycin and one month later divided into four groups matched for albuminuria, blood pressure, and plasma albumin concentration. Groups 1 and

Albuminuria [SEP] The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


renal injury [SEP]  six months to assess the effect of enalapril on progression of renal injury in adriamycin nephrosis. Chronic enalapril treatment reduced bl


Enalapril [SEP] +/- 0.08 ml/min at 4 months, 0.27 +/- 0.07 ml/min at 6 months). Enalapril treatment blunted but did not prevent reduction in GFR in group


glomerular sclerosis [SEP] oup 3). Reduction in GFR was associated with the development of glomerular sclerosis in both treated and untreated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 W


apnea [SEP] Butyrylcholinesterase gene mutations in patients with prolonged apnea after succinylcholine for electroconvulsive therapy.

Apnea [SEP] A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.


succinylcholine [SEP] nesterase gene mutations in patients with prolonged apnea after succinylcholine for electroconvulsive therapy.

Succinylcholine [SEP] A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxan


succinylcholine [SEP] tients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) often receive succinylcholine as part of the anesthetic procedure. The duration of action may


apnea [SEP]  BCHE genotype using molecular genetic methods, the duration of apnea, time to sufficient spontaneous ventilation and whether neuromu


Ketamine [SEP] Ketamine sedation for the reduction of children's fractures in the emerg

Ketamine [SEP] A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can bl


fractures [SEP] Ketamine sedation for the reduction of children's fractures in the emergency department.

Fractures, Bone [SEP] Breaks in bones.


ketamine [SEP] UND: There recently has been a resurgence in the utilization of ketamine, a unique anesthetic, for emergency-department procedures requi


fractures [SEP] fficacy of ketamine for sedation in the treatment of children's fractures in the emergency department. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen

Fractures, Bone [SEP] Breaks in bones.


fracture [SEP] fficacy of ketamine for sedation in the treatment of children's fractures in the emergency department. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen

Fractures, Bone [SEP] Breaks in bones.


dislocation [SEP] nths) who underwent closed reduction of an isolated fracture or dislocation in the emergency department at a level-I trauma center were pro

Dislocations [SEP]


trauma [SEP] racture or dislocation in the emergency department at a level-I trauma center were prospectively evaluated. Ketamine hydrochloride was

Wounds and Injuries [SEP] Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural con


Ketamine hydrochloride [SEP] rtment at a level-I trauma center were prospectively evaluated. Ketamine hydrochloride was administered intravenously (at a dose of two milligrams per


pain [SEP] tic, and the patients were monitored by a registered nurse. Any pain during the reduction was rated by the orthopaedic surgeon treat

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


Pain [SEP] patient according to the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS). RESULTS: The average time from intravenous admi


nausea [SEP] ure and heart rate remained stable. Minor side effects included nausea (thirteen patients), emesis (eight of the thirteen patients wit

Nausea [SEP] An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and moti


emesis [SEP] stable. Minor side effects included nausea (thirteen patients), emesis (eight of the thirteen patients with nausea), clumsiness (evide

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


clumsiness [SEP] patients), emesis (eight of the thirteen patients with nausea), clumsiness (evident as ataxic movements in ten patients), and dysphoric re

Ataxia [SEP] Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes,


ataxic movements [SEP] t of the thirteen patients with nausea), clumsiness (evident as ataxic movements in ten patients), and dysphoric reaction (one patient). No long


hallucinations [SEP] patient). No long-term sequelae were noted, and no patients had hallucinations or nightmares. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine reliably, safely, and quic

Hallucinations [SEP] Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real.


Ketamine [SEP] rtment at a level-I trauma center were prospectively evaluated. Ketamine hydrochloride was administered intravenously (at a dose of two


lamivudine [SEP] Prophylactic use of lamivudine with chronic immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatologic disord

Lamivudine [SEP] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It i


rheumatologic disorders [SEP] ic use of lamivudine with chronic immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatologic disorders.

Rheumatic Diseases [SEP] Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or me


lamivudine [SEP] cerning the effectiveness of the prophylactic administration of lamivudine in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive patients


hepatitis B virus surface antigen [SEP] fectiveness of the prophylactic administration of lamivudine in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive patients with rheumatologic disease. From Jun

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens [SEP] Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several s


HBs Ag [SEP] inistration of lamivudine in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive patients with rheumatologic disease. From June 2004 t


rheumatologic disease [SEP] patitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive patients with rheumatologic disease. From June 2004 to October 2006, 11 HBs Ag positive patients wi


rheumatologic diseases [SEP] rom June 2004 to October 2006, 11 HBs Ag positive patients with rheumatologic diseases, who were on both immunosuppressive and prophylactic lamivudine


hepatitis B [SEP] fectiveness of the prophylactic administration of lamivudine in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) positive patients with rheumatol

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


Lamivudine [SEP]  patients 13.8 months (range 5-27) were enrolled in this study. Lamivudine therapy was started 3-7 days prior to immunosuppressive therapy


abnormal liver function [SEP] normalized and during follow-up period none of the patients had abnormal liver function tests. In four patients HBV DNA levels were higher than normal

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


Midazolan [SEP] TIVE: to analyze aspects of TEE safety associated to the use of Midazolan (MZ) and Flumazenil (FL) and the influence of the clinical vari

Midazolam [SEP] A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endosco


MZ [SEP] alyze aspects of TEE safety associated to the use of Midazolan (MZ) and Flumazenil (FL) and the influence of the clinical variable


Flumazenil [SEP] pects of TEE safety associated to the use of Midazolan (MZ) and Flumazenil (FL) and the influence of the clinical variables on the event r

Flumazenil [SEP] A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been su


FL [SEP]  safety associated to the use of Midazolan (MZ) and Flumazenil (FL) and the influence of the clinical variables on the event rate.


stroke [SEP] used to test the influence of the clinical variables: age, sex, stroke, myocardiopathy (MP), duration of the test, mitral regurgitatio

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


myocardiopathy [SEP] test the influence of the clinical variables: age, sex, stroke, myocardiopathy (MP), duration of the test, mitral regurgitation (MR) and the M

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


MP [SEP] ce of the clinical variables: age, sex, stroke, myocardiopathy (MP), duration of the test, mitral regurgitation (MR) and the MZ do


mitral regurgitation [SEP] s: age, sex, stroke, myocardiopathy (MP), duration of the test, mitral regurgitation (MR) and the MZ dose. RESULTS: All patients (65+/-16 yrs; 58% m

Mitral Valve Insufficiency [SEP] Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mi


MR [SEP] yocardiopathy (MP), duration of the test, mitral regurgitation (MR) and the MZ dose. RESULTS: All patients (65+/-16 yrs; 58% males


hypoxia [SEP] on (EF) were 16.4+/-6.1 minutes and 60+/-9%, respectively. Mild hypoxia (SO2<90%) was the most common event (11 patients); 3 patients (

Anoxia [SEP] Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.


airway obstruction [SEP] ents); 3 patients (2%) presented transient hypoxia due to upper airway obstruction by probe introduction and 8 (5.8%) due to hypoxia caused by MZ

Airway Obstruction [SEP] Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.


hypotension [SEP] duction and 8 (5.8%) due to hypoxia caused by MZ use. Transient hypotension (SAP<90mmHg) occurred in 1 patient (0.7%). The multivariate ana

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


calcium [SEP] Effects of calcium channel blockers on bupivacaine-induced toxicity.

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


bupivacaine [SEP] Effects of calcium channel blockers on bupivacaine-induced toxicity.

Bupivacaine [SEP] A widely used local anesthetic agent.


toxicity [SEP] Effects of calcium channel blockers on bupivacaine-induced toxicity.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


calcium [SEP] The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium channel blockers on bupivacaine-induced acute toxicity. For eac


bupivacaine [SEP] was to investigate the influence of calcium channel blockers on bupivacaine-induced acute toxicity. For each of the three tested calcium ch


toxicity [SEP] luence of calcium channel blockers on bupivacaine-induced acute toxicity. For each of the three tested calcium channel blockers (diltiaz


diltiazem [SEP] oxicity. For each of the three tested calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil and bepridil) 6 groups of mice were treated by two d

Diltiazem [SEP] A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.


verapamil [SEP] r each of the three tested calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil and bepridil) 6 groups of mice were treated by two different do

Verapamil [SEP] A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.


bepridil [SEP] three tested calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil and bepridil) 6 groups of mice were treated by two different doses, i.e. 2 a

Bepridil [SEP] A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation


convulsions [SEP] ers decreased the time of latency to obtain bupivacaine-induced convulsions; this effect was less pronounced with bepridil.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


Selegiline [SEP] Selegiline-induced postural hypotension in Parkinson's disease: a longitud

Selegiline [SEP] A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease


postural hypotension [SEP] Selegiline-induced postural hypotension in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study on the effects of

Hypotension, Orthostatic [SEP] A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Selegiline-induced postural hypotension in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study on the effects of drug withdrawal.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


Parkinson's Disease [SEP] OBJECTIVES: The United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Research Group (UKPDRG) trial found an increased mortality in p


Parkinson's disease [SEP] up (UKPDRG) trial found an increased mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) randomized to receive 10 mg selegiline per day and L-dopa


PD [SEP] TIVES: The United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Research Group (UKPDRG) trial found an increased mortality in patients with Parkinso


selegiline [SEP] ients with Parkinson's disease (PD) randomized to receive 10 mg selegiline per day and L-dopa compared with those taking L-dopa alone. Rec


L-dopa [SEP] disease (PD) randomized to receive 10 mg selegiline per day and L-dopa compared with those taking L-dopa alone. Recently, we found tha

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


systolic orthostatic hypotension [SEP] herapy with selegiline and L-dopa was associated with selective systolic orthostatic hypotension which was abolished by withdrawal of selegiline. This unwanted


orthostatic hypotension [SEP] th selegiline and L-dopa was associated with selective systolic orthostatic hypotension which was abolished by withdrawal of selegiline. This unwanted


Orthostatic hypotension [SEP] esser degree of orthostatic hypotension occurred with standing. Orthostatic hypotension was ameliorated 4 days after withdrawal of selegiline and total


reduced the supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures [SEP] ontinuation of the drug. Stopping selegiline also significantly reduced the supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures consistent with a previously undescribed supine pressor action.


amphetamine [SEP] e result of non-selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase or of amphetamine and metamphetamine are discussed.

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


metamphetamine [SEP] selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase or of amphetamine and metamphetamine are discussed.

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


capsaicin [SEP] plicit episodic memory for sensory-discriminative components of capsaicin-induced pain: immediate and delayed ratings.

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


pain [SEP] mory for sensory-discriminative components of capsaicin-induced pain: immediate and delayed ratings.

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


Pain [SEP] Pain memory is thought to affect future pain sensitivity and thus co


pain [SEP] Pain memory is thought to affect future pain sensitivity and thus contribute to clinical pain conditions. Sy


capsaicin [SEP] le volunteers received intradermal injections of three doses of capsaicin (0.05, 1 and 20 microg, separated by 15 min breaks), each given


pains [SEP] e hour or one day after injection. Subjects also recalled their pains one week later. Capsaicin injection reliably induced a dose-dep


Capsaicin [SEP] r injection. Subjects also recalled their pains one week later. Capsaicin injection reliably induced a dose-dependent flare (p<0.001) wit


captopril [SEP] Reversibility of captopril-induced renal insufficiency after prolonged use in an unusual c

Captopril [SEP] A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoco


renal insufficiency [SEP] Reversibility of captopril-induced renal insufficiency after prolonged use in an unusual case of renovascular hyperten

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


renovascular hypertension [SEP] d renal insufficiency after prolonged use in an unusual case of renovascular hypertension.

Hypertension, Renovascular [SEP] Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.


hypertension [SEP] We report a case of severe hypertension with an occluded renal artery to a solitary kidney, who develop

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


sudden deterioration of renal function [SEP] th an occluded renal artery to a solitary kidney, who developed sudden deterioration of renal function following treatment with captopril. His renal function remained

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


captopril [SEP] sudden deterioration of renal function following treatment with captopril. His renal function remained impaired but stable during 2 years


renal failure [SEP]  of the drug. This indicates reversibility in captopril-induced renal failure even after its prolonged use and suggests that no organic damag


Liver disease [SEP] Liver disease caused by propylthiouracil.

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


propylthiouracil [SEP] Liver disease caused by propylthiouracil.

Propylthiouracil [SEP] A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of thro


chronic active (aggressive) hepatitis [SEP] d light and electron microscopic observations on a patient with chronic active (aggressive) hepatitis caused by the administration of propylthiouracil. This is an ad

Hepatitis, Chronic [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and


propylthiouracil [SEP] c active (aggressive) hepatitis caused by the administration of propylthiouracil. This is an addition to the list of drugs that must be consider


liver disease [SEP] t of drugs that must be considered in the evaluation of chronic liver disease.


Capsaicin [SEP] Capsaicin-induced muscle pain alters the excitability of the human jaw-st


muscle pain [SEP] Capsaicin-induced muscle pain alters the excitability of the human jaw-stretch reflex.

Myalgia [SEP] Painful sensation in the muscles.


temporomandibular disorders [SEP] The pathophysiology of painful temporomandibular disorders is not fully understood, but evidence suggests that muscle pain

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders [SEP] A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributi


muscle pain [SEP] r disorders is not fully understood, but evidence suggests that muscle pain modulates motor function in characteristic ways. This study tes


nociceptive muscle [SEP] istic ways. This study tested the hypothesis that activation of nociceptive muscle afferent fibers would be linked to an increased excitability of


Capsaicin [SEP] ocess would be sensitive to length and velocity of the stretch. Capsaicin (10 micro g) was injected into the masseter muscle to induce pa


pain [SEP] The pathophysiology of painful temporomandibular disorders is not fully understood, but evi


painful muscle [SEP] icantly higher during pain, but only at faster stretches in the painful muscle. Increased sensitivity of the fusimotor system during acute mus


levodopa [SEP] Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.


dyskinesias [SEP] petitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Parkinson's disease [SEP] ranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


dyskinesias [SEP] ic stimulation (rTMS) versus "sham" rTMS (placebo) on peak dose dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with PD


Parkinson's disease [SEP] "sham" rTMS (placebo) on peak dose dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with PD and prominent dyskinesias had rTMS (


PD [SEP]  on peak dose dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with PD and prominent dyskinesias had rTMS (1,80


dyskinesia [SEP] ic stimulation (rTMS) versus "sham" rTMS (placebo) on peak dose dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with P


dystonia [SEP] ty following real rTMS but not placebo. The major effect was on dystonia subscore. Similarly, in patient diaries, although both treatmen

Dystonia [SEP] An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often aff


Disulfiram [SEP] Disulfiram-like syndrome after hydrogen cyanamide professional skin exposu

Disulfiram [SEP] A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly


hydrogen cyanamide [SEP] Disulfiram-like syndrome after hydrogen cyanamide professional skin exposure: two case reports in France.

Cyanamide [SEP] A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the ca


Hydrogen cyanamide [SEP] Hydrogen cyanamide is a plant growth regulator used in agriculture to induce bud b


aldehyde [SEP] esult in percutaneous absorption of the substance that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and can induce acetaldehyde syndrome in case of a

Acetaldehyde [SEP] A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the m


acetaldehyde [SEP] e substance that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and can induce acetaldehyde syndrome in case of alcohol use. The purpose of this report is


alcohol [SEP] e dehydrogenase and can induce acetaldehyde syndrome in case of alcohol use. The purpose of this report is to describe two cases of a d

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


disulfiram [SEP] l use. The purpose of this report is to describe two cases of a disulfiram-like syndrome following occupational exposure to hydrogen cyana


hydrogen cyanamide [SEP] f a disulfiram-like syndrome following occupational exposure to hydrogen cyanamide. The first case involved a 59-year-old man who used Dormex, whi


Dormex [SEP] n cyanamide. The first case involved a 59-year-old man who used Dormex, which contains hydrogen cyanamide, without protection after co


flushing of the face [SEP]  hour after the ingestion of alcohol, he developed malaise with flushing of the face, tachycardia, and dyspnea. Manifestations regressed spontaneous

Flushing [SEP] A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, stress, or a disease process.


tachycardia [SEP] ion of alcohol, he developed malaise with flushing of the face, tachycardia, and dyspnea. Manifestations regressed spontaneously under surv

Tachycardia [SEP] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturba


dyspnea [SEP] e developed malaise with flushing of the face, tachycardia, and dyspnea. Manifestations regressed spontaneously under surveillance in t

Dyspnea [SEP] Difficult or labored breathing.


flushing [SEP]  hour after the ingestion of alcohol, he developed malaise with flushing of the face, tachycardia, and dyspnea. Manifestations regressed


arterial hypotension [SEP] eloped disulfiram-like syndrome with flushing, tachycardia, and arterial hypotension after consuming three glasses of wine. The patient recovered sp

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


trimipramine [SEP] Repeated trimipramine induces dopamine D2/D3 and alpha1-adrenergic up-regulation.

Trimipramine [SEP] Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.


dopamine [SEP] Repeated trimipramine induces dopamine D2/D3 and alpha1-adrenergic up-regulation.

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


Trimipramine [SEP] Trimipramine (TRI), which shows a clinical antidepressant activity, is chemi


TRI [SEP] Trimipramine (TRI), which shows a clinical antidepressant activity, is chemically


antidepressant [SEP] Trimipramine (TRI), which shows a clinical antidepressant activity, is chemically related to imipramine but does not inhi

Antidepressive Agents [SEP] Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE


imipramine [SEP] Trimipramine (TRI), which shows a clinical antidepressant activity, is chemi

Imipramine [SEP] The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-defici


noradrenaline [SEP] ally related to imipramine but does not inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine, nor does it induce beta-adrenergic dow

Norepinephrine [SEP] Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Nor


5-hydroxytryptamine [SEP] ipramine but does not inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine, nor does it induce beta-adrenergic down-regulation. The mechan

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


antidepressants [SEP] 1-adrenergic systems, demonstrated by us previously for various antidepressants. TRI was given to male Wistar rats and male Albino Swiss mice p


reserpine [SEP] n the acute experiment TRI (given i.p.) does not antagonize the reserpine hypothermia in mice and does not potentiate the 5-hydroxytrypto

Reserpine [SEP] An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into st


hypothermia [SEP] e experiment TRI (given i.p.) does not antagonize the reserpine hypothermia in mice and does not potentiate the 5-hydroxytryptophan head tw

Hypothermia [SEP] Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.


5-hydroxytryptophan [SEP] e the reserpine hypothermia in mice and does not potentiate the 5-hydroxytryptophan head twitches in rats. TRI given repeatedly to rats increases t

5-Hydroxytryptophan [SEP] The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.


hyperactivity [SEP] s in rats. TRI given repeatedly to rats increases the locomotor hyperactivity induced by d-amphetamine, quinpirole and (+)-7-hydroxy-dipropyl

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


d-amphetamine [SEP] atedly to rats increases the locomotor hyperactivity induced by d-amphetamine, quinpirole and (+)-7-hydroxy-dipropyloaminotetralin (dopamine

Dextroamphetamine [SEP] The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatmen


quinpirole [SEP] increases the locomotor hyperactivity induced by d-amphetamine, quinpirole and (+)-7-hydroxy-dipropyloaminotetralin (dopamine D2 and D3 ef

Quinpirole [SEP] A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.


dopamine [SEP] TRI given repeatedly was able to induce adaptive changes in the dopaminergic and alpha1-adrenergic systems, demonstrated by us previousl


apomorphine [SEP] 2 and D3 effects). The stereotypies induced by d-amphetamine or apomorphine are not potentiated by TRI. It increases the behaviour stimulat

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


phenylephrine [SEP] tiated by TRI. It increases the behaviour stimulation evoked by phenylephrine (given intraventricularly) in rats, evaluated in the open field

Phenylephrine [SEP] An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.


aggressiveness [SEP] larly) in rats, evaluated in the open field test as well as the aggressiveness evoked by clonidine in mice, both these effects being mediated

Personality Disorders [SEP] A major deviation from normal patterns of behavior.


clonidine [SEP]  in the open field test as well as the aggressiveness evoked by clonidine in mice, both these effects being mediated by an alpha1-adrener

Clonidine [SEP] An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonl


Ranitidine [SEP] Ranitidine-induced acute interstitial nephritis in a cadaveric renal allog

Ranitidine [SEP] A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastroin


interstitial nephritis [SEP] Ranitidine-induced acute interstitial nephritis in a cadaveric renal allograft.

Nephritis, Interstitial [SEP] Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES an


Ranitidine [SEP] Ranitidine frequently is used for preventing peptic ulceration after renal


interstitial nephritis [SEP] antation. This drug occasionally has been associated with acute interstitial nephritis in native kidneys. There are no similar reports with renal tran


ranitidine [SEP] similar reports with renal transplantation. We report a case of ranitidine-induced acute interstitial nephritis in a recipient of a cadave


doxorubicin [SEP] Late, late doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cardiotoxicity [SEP] Late, late doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


Cardiac toxicity [SEP] Cardiac toxicity is a major complication which limits the use of adriamycin as a


adriamycin [SEP] ardiac toxicity is a major complication which limits the use of adriamycin as a chemotherapeutic agent. Cardiomyopathy is frequent when th


Cardiomyopathy [SEP] which limits the use of adriamycin as a chemotherapeutic agent. Cardiomyopathy is frequent when the total dose exceeds 600 mg/m2 and occurs wi

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


cardiomyopathy [SEP] ion of therapy. A patient is reported who developed progressive cardiomyopathy two and one-half years after receiving 580 mg/m2 which apparent


cardiotoxicity [SEP] fter receiving 580 mg/m2 which apparently represents late, late cardiotoxicity.


Acetazolamide [SEP] Acetazolamide-induced nephrolithiasis: implications for treatment of neuromus

Acetazolamide [SEP] One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an


nephrolithiasis [SEP] Acetazolamide-induced nephrolithiasis: implications for treatment of neuromuscular disorders.

Nephrolithiasis [SEP] Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.


neuromuscular disorders [SEP] zolamide-induced nephrolithiasis: implications for treatment of neuromuscular disorders.

Neuromuscular Diseases [SEP] A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manif


nephrolithiasis [SEP] Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can cause nephrolithiasis. We studied 20 patients receiving long-term carbonic anhydrase


paralysis [SEP] g long-term carbonic anhydrase inhibitor treatment for periodic paralysis and myotonia. Three patients on acetazolamide (15%) developed r

Paralysis [SEP] A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level


myotonia [SEP] rbonic anhydrase inhibitor treatment for periodic paralysis and myotonia. Three patients on acetazolamide (15%) developed renal calculi.

Myotonia [SEP] Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or ele


acetazolamide [SEP] reatment for periodic paralysis and myotonia. Three patients on acetazolamide (15%) developed renal calculi. Extracorporeal lithotripsy succe


renal calculi [SEP] s and myotonia. Three patients on acetazolamide (15%) developed renal calculi. Extracorporeal lithotripsy successfully removed a renal calcul

Kidney Calculi [SEP] Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most conta


renal calculus [SEP] enal calculi. Extracorporeal lithotripsy successfully removed a renal calculus in one patient and surgery removed a staghorn calculus in anoth


calculus [SEP] alculi. Extracorporeal lithotripsy successfully removed a renal calculus in one patient and surgery removed a staghorn calculus in anoth

Calculi [SEP] An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones