angiotensin [SEP] inhibited by oral administration of Dup 753 (losartan), a novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist, at a dose of 1 or 2 mg/kg per day. The

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


nephrosis [SEP]  system in the development of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis.

Nephrosis [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secon


Sodium bicarbonate [SEP] Sodium bicarbonate alleviates penile pain induced by intracavernous injections for

Sodium Bicarbonate [SEP] A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in


penile pain [SEP] Sodium bicarbonate alleviates penile pain induced by intracavernous injections for erectile dysfunction.

Dyspareunia [SEP] Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.


erectile dysfunction [SEP] alleviates penile pain induced by intracavernous injections for erectile dysfunction.

Erectile Dysfunction [SEP] The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.


penile pain [SEP] In an attempt to determine whether penile pain associated with intracorporeal injections could be due to the a


sodium bicarbonate [SEP] owing intracorporeal injections with or without the addition of sodium bicarbonate to the intracorporeal medications. A total of 38 consecutive pa


impotence [SEP] tal of 38 consecutive patients who presented to our clinic with impotence received 0.2 ml. of a combination of 3 drugs: 6 mg. papaverine,


papaverine [SEP] h impotence received 0.2 ml. of a combination of 3 drugs: 6 mg. papaverine, 100 micrograms. phentolamine and 10 micrograms. prostaglandin

Papaverine [SEP] An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It


phentolamine [SEP]  of a combination of 3 drugs: 6 mg. papaverine, 100 micrograms. phentolamine and 10 micrograms. prostaglandin E1 with (pH 7.05) or without (

Phentolamine [SEP] A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromo


prostaglandin E1 [SEP] mg. papaverine, 100 micrograms. phentolamine and 10 micrograms. prostaglandin E1 with (pH 7.05) or without (pH 4.17) the addition of sodium bica

Alprostadil [SEP] A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.


octreotide [SEP] spective study of the long-term effects of somatostatin analog (octreotide) on gallbladder function and gallstone formation in Chinese acr

Octreotide [SEP] A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat h


gallstone [SEP] of somatostatin analog (octreotide) on gallbladder function and gallstone formation in Chinese acromegalic patients.

Gallstones [SEP] Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHI


acromegalic [SEP] ide) on gallbladder function and gallstone formation in Chinese acromegalic patients.

Acromegaly [SEP] A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of


acromegaly [SEP]  examined by ultrasonography in 20 Chinese patients with active acromegaly treated with sc injection of the somatostatin analog octreotide


octreotide [SEP] acromegaly treated with sc injection of the somatostatin analog octreotide in dosages of 300-1500 micrograms/day for a mean of 24.2 +/- 13


gallstones [SEP] treatment with octreotide, 17 patients developed sludge, 10 had gallstones, and 1 developed acute cholecystitis requiring surgery. In all


acute cholecystitis [SEP] 7 patients developed sludge, 10 had gallstones, and 1 developed acute cholecystitis requiring surgery. In all of 7 patients examined acutely, gallb

Cholecystitis, Acute [SEP] Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gall


depressed [SEP] ients followed for 24 weeks, gallbladder contractility remained depressed throughout therapy. After withdrawal of octreotide in 10 patien

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


cholecystitis [SEP] ents developed sludge, 10 had gallstones, and 1 developed acute cholecystitis requiring surgery. In all of 7 patients examined acutely, gallb

Cholecystitis [SEP] Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or ot


acromegalic [SEP] lstones, and cholecystitis during octreotide therapy in Chinese acromegalic patients. It is therefore very important to follow the changes


levodopa [SEP] Improvement of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by propranolol in Parkinson's disease.

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dyskinesia [SEP] Improvement of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by propranolol in Parkinson's disease.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


propranolol [SEP] Improvement of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by propranolol in Parkinson's disease.

Propranolol [SEP] A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; A


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Improvement of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by propranolol in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Seven patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) with severely disabling dyskinesia received low-dose propr


PD [SEP] Seven patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) with severely disabling dyskinesia received low-dose propranol


dyskinesia [SEP] suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) with severely disabling dyskinesia received low-dose propranolol as an adjunct to the currently us


propranolol [SEP] sease (PD) with severely disabling dyskinesia received low-dose propranolol as an adjunct to the currently used medical treatment. There wa


parkinsonian [SEP] ant 40% improvement in the dyskinesia score without increase of parkinsonian motor disability. Ballistic and choreic dyskinesia were markedl


motor disability [SEP] vement in the dyskinesia score without increase of parkinsonian motor disability. Ballistic and choreic dyskinesia were markedly ameliorated, wh

Movement Disorders [SEP] Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerati


dystonia [SEP] istic and choreic dyskinesia were markedly ameliorated, whereas dystonia was not. This study suggests that administration of low doses o

Dystonia [SEP] An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often aff


levodopa [SEP] s that administration of low doses of beta-blockers may improve levodopa-induced ballistic and choreic dyskinesia in PD.


encephalopathy [SEP] Morphological features of encephalopathy after chronic administration of the antiepileptic drug valproat

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


valproate [SEP] alopathy after chronic administration of the antiepileptic drug valproate to rats. A transmission electron microscopic study of capillari

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


sodium valproate [SEP] Long-term intragastric application of the antiepileptic drug sodium valproate (Vupral "Polfa") at the effective dose of 200 mg/kg b. w. once


neurological disorders [SEP]  b. w. once daily to rats for 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months revealed neurological disorders indicating cerebellum damage ("valproate encephalopathy"). The

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


cerebellum damage [SEP] , 6, 9 and 12 months revealed neurological disorders indicating cerebellum damage ("valproate encephalopathy"). The first ultrastructural changes

Cerebellar Diseases [SEP] Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysm


valproate [SEP] -term intragastric application of the antiepileptic drug sodium valproate (Vupral "Polfa") at the effective dose of 200 mg/kg b. w. once


encephalopathy [SEP] neurological disorders indicating cerebellum damage ("valproate encephalopathy"). The first ultrastructural changes in structural elements of


necrosis [SEP] yer of the cerebellar cortex. Lesions of the capillary included necrosis of endothelial cells. Organelles of these cells, in particular

Necrosis [SEP] The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrol


luminal [SEP] nd occlusion were caused by swollen endothelial cells which had luminal protrusions and swollen microvilli. Pressure on the vessel wall

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


necrotic [SEP] ced by enlarged perivascular astrocytic processes. Fragments of necrotic endothelial cells were in the vascular lumens and in these ther


hepatic damage [SEP] ellar cortex had similar lesions. The possible influence of the hepatic damage, mainly hyperammonemia, upon the development of valproate encep

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


hyperammonemia [SEP] r lesions. The possible influence of the hepatic damage, mainly hyperammonemia, upon the development of valproate encephalopathy is discussed.

Hyperammonemia [SEP] Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.


toxicity [SEP] Macula toxicity after intravitreal amikacin.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


amikacin [SEP] Macula toxicity after intravitreal amikacin.

Amikacin [SEP] A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.


aminoglycosides [SEP] BACKGROUND: Although intravitreal aminoglycosides have substantially improved visual prognosis in endophthalmitis

Aminoglycosides [SEP] Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTIC


endophthalmitis [SEP] aminoglycosides have substantially improved visual prognosis in endophthalmitis, macular infarction may impair full visual recovery. METHODS: W

Endophthalmitis [SEP] Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.


infarction [SEP] tantially improved visual prognosis in endophthalmitis, macular infarction may impair full visual recovery. METHODS: We present a case of

Infarction [SEP] Formation of an infarct, which is NECROSIS in tissue due to local ISCHEMIA resulting from obstruction of BLOOD CIRCULATION, most


amikacin [SEP] ir full visual recovery. METHODS: We present a case of presumed amikacin retinal toxicity following treatment with amikacin and vancomyc


retinal toxicity [SEP] isual recovery. METHODS: We present a case of presumed amikacin retinal toxicity following treatment with amikacin and vancomycin for alpha-haem

Retinal Diseases [SEP]


vancomycin [SEP] amikacin retinal toxicity following treatment with amikacin and vancomycin for alpha-haemolytic streptococcal endophthalmitis. RESULTS: En

Vancomycin [SEP] Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wal


streptococcal endophthalmitis [SEP] ing treatment with amikacin and vancomycin for alpha-haemolytic streptococcal endophthalmitis. RESULTS: Endophthalmitis resolved with improvement in visual a

Streptococcal Infections [SEP] Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.


Endophthalmitis [SEP] in for alpha-haemolytic streptococcal endophthalmitis. RESULTS: Endophthalmitis resolved with improvement in visual acuity to 6/24 at three mon


fluorescein [SEP] th improvement in visual acuity to 6/24 at three months. Fundus fluorescein angiography confirmed macular capillary closure and telangiecta

Fluorescein [SEP] A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aq


telangiectasis [SEP] fluorescein angiography confirmed macular capillary closure and telangiectasis. CONCLUSIONS: Currently accepted intravitreal antibiotic regime

Telangiectasis [SEP] Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most common


ischaemia [SEP] real antibiotic regimens may cause retinal toxicity and macular ischaemia. Treatment strategies aimed at avoiding retinal toxicity are di

Ischemia [SEP] A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS,


atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia [SEP] Iatrogenically induced intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia after verapamil and catheter ablation in a patient with Wolff-P

Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry [SEP] Abnormally rapid heartbeats caused by reentry of atrial impulse into the dual (fast and slow) pathways of ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE.


verapamil [SEP] nduced intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia after verapamil and catheter ablation in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White s

Verapamil [SEP] A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.


Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome [SEP] ycardia after verapamil and catheter ablation in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome [SEP] A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syn


idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy [SEP] r ablation in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [SEP] A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk


WPW syndrome [SEP] In a patient with WPW syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, intractable atrioventric


idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy [SEP] In a patient with WPW syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) was


atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia [SEP] WPW syndrome and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) was iatrogenically induced. QRS without preexcitation, c


AVRT [SEP] iomyopathy, intractable atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) was iatrogenically induced. QRS without preexcitation, caused


verapamil [SEP]  without preexcitation, caused by junctional escape beats after verapamil or unidirectional antegrade block of accessory pathway after ca


liver disease [SEP] Epidemic of liver disease caused by hydrochlorofluorocarbons used as ozone-sparing substi

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


ozone [SEP] mic of liver disease caused by hydrochlorofluorocarbons used as ozone-sparing substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons.

Ozone [SEP] The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. I


chlorofluorocarbons [SEP] Epidemic of liver disease caused by hydrochlorofluorocarbons used as ozone-sparing substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons.

Chlorofluorocarbons [SEP] A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning f


ozone [SEP] ns (HCFCs) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Limited studies in animal


chlorofluorocarbons [SEP] BACKGROUND: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for oz


CFCs [SEP] BACKGROUND: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for ozone-dep


hepatotoxicity [SEP] rocarbons (CFCs). Limited studies in animals indicate potential hepatotoxicity of some of these compounds. We investigated an epidemic of live

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


liver disease [SEP] city of some of these compounds. We investigated an epidemic of liver disease in nine industrial workers who had had repeated accidental expo


1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [SEP] orkers who had had repeated accidental exposure to a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC 123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124). A

2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane [SEP]


HCFC 123 [SEP] al exposure to a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC 123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124). All nine ex


1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane [SEP]  a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC 123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124). All nine exposed workers were affected to various d

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane [SEP]


HCFC 124 [SEP] fluoroethane (HCFC 123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124). All nine exposed workers were affected to various degrees. Bo


1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [SEP] ious degrees. Both compounds are metabolised in the same way as 1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (halothane) to form reactive trifluoroacetyl halide intermediat

Halothane [SEP] A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analg


halothane [SEP] ised in the same way as 1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (halothane) to form reactive trifluoroacetyl halide intermediates, which h


trifluoroacetyl [SEP] omo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (halothane) to form reactive trifluoroacetyl halide intermediates, which have been implicated in the hepatot

Trifluoroacetic Acid [SEP] A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is


HCFCs 123 [SEP] ed in the hepatotoxicity of halothane. We aimed to test whether HCFCs 123 and 124 can result in serious liver disease. METHODS: For one s


necrosis [SEP]  (P58). FINDINGS: The liver biopsy sample showed hepatocellular necrosis which was prominent in perivenular zone three and extended foca

Necrosis [SEP] The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrol


Trifluoroacetyl [SEP] s to portal tracts and centrilobular areas (bridging necrosis). Trifluoroacetyl-adducted proteins were detected in surviving hepatocytes. Autoa


halothane hepatitis [SEP] oantibodies against P450 2E1 or P58, previously associated with halothane hepatitis, were detected in the serum of five affected workers. INTERPRET

Halothane Hepatitis [SEP]


liver injury [SEP] sure of human beings to HCFCs 123 and 124 can result in serious liver injury in a large proportion of the exposed population. Although the e


hearing loss [SEP] The effect of different anaesthetic agents in hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia.

Hearing Loss [SEP] A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.


hearing loss [SEP] The cause of hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia is unknown. Up until now, the only fac


sensorineural hearing loss [SEP] e effect of the diameter of the spinal needle on post-operative sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of this study was to describe this hearing loss and to

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural [SEP] Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round


prilocaine [SEP] ps of 22 similar patients were studied: one group received 6 mL prilocaine 2%; and the other received 3 mL bupivacaine 0.5%. Patients give

Prilocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia


bupivacaine [SEP]  group received 6 mL prilocaine 2%; and the other received 3 mL bupivacaine 0.5%. Patients given prilocaine were more likely to develop hea

Bupivacaine [SEP] A widely used local anesthetic agent.


neurological deficit [SEP] A transient neurological deficit following intrathecal injection of 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine fo

Neurologic Manifestations [SEP] Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction.


bupivacaine [SEP] ogical deficit following intrathecal injection of 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anaesthesia.


neurological deficit [SEP] We describe a case of transient neurological deficit that occurred after unilateral spinal anaesthesia with 8 mg of


bupivacaine [SEP]  after unilateral spinal anaesthesia with 8 mg of 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine slowly injected through a 25-gauge pencil-point spinal needle.


loss of pinprick sensation [SEP] ia over L3-L4 dermatomes of the leg which had been operated on (loss of pinprick sensation) without reduction in muscular strength. Sensation in this area

Sensation Disorders [SEP] Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of


Pethidine [SEP] Pethidine-associated seizure in a healthy adolescent receiving pethidine

Meperidine [SEP] A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and


seizure [SEP] Pethidine-associated seizure in a healthy adolescent receiving pethidine for postoperative p

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


pethidine [SEP] Pethidine-associated seizure in a healthy adolescent receiving pethidine for postoperative pain control.


postoperative pain [SEP] ociated seizure in a healthy adolescent receiving pethidine for postoperative pain control.

Pain, Postoperative [SEP] Pain during the period after surgery.


pethidine [SEP] ealthy 17-year-old male received standard intermittent doses of pethidine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump for management of


postoperative pain [SEP] via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump for management of postoperative pain control. Twenty-three h postoperatively he developed a brief se


seizure [SEP] wenty-three h postoperatively he developed a brief self-limited seizure. Both plasma pethidine and norpethidine were elevated in the ra


norpethidine [SEP] veloped a brief self-limited seizure. Both plasma pethidine and norpethidine were elevated in the range associated with clinical manifestati

normeperidine [SEP]


toxicity [SEP] entral nervous system excitation. No other risk factors for CNS toxicity were identified. This method allowed frequent self-dosing of pe

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


vanishing bile duct [SEP] Drug-associated acute-onset vanishing bile duct and Stevens-Johnson syndromes in a child.

Bile Duct Diseases [SEP] Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT


Stevens-Johnson syndromes [SEP] Drug-associated acute-onset vanishing bile duct and Stevens-Johnson syndromes in a child.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome [SEP] Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement.


vanishing bile duct [SEP] Acute vanishing bile duct syndrome is a rare but established cause of progressive cholest


cholestasis [SEP] le duct syndrome is a rare but established cause of progressive cholestasis in adults, is most often drug or toxin related, and is of unkno

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


Stevens-Johnson syndrome [SEP]  pathogenesis. It has not been reported previously in children. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a well-recognized immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity r


hypersensitivity [SEP] s-Johnson syndrome is a well-recognized immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that affects all age groups, is drug or infection indu

Drug Hypersensitivity [SEP] Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.


infection [SEP] persensitivity reaction that affects all age groups, is drug or infection induced, and has classic systemic, mucosal, and dermatologic ma

Infection [SEP] Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.


vanishing bile duct syndrome [SEP] Acute vanishing bile duct syndrome is a rare but established cause of progressive cholestasis in a


ibuprofen [SEP] nson syndrome is described; this was temporally associated with ibuprofen use. Despite therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone, and

Ibuprofen [SEP] A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis.


ursodeoxycholic acid [SEP]  temporally associated with ibuprofen use. Despite therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone, and then tacrolimus, her cholestatic disease was u

Ursodeoxycholic Acid [SEP] An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or


prednisone [SEP]  with ibuprofen use. Despite therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone, and then tacrolimus, her cholestatic disease was unrelenting,

Prednisone [SEP] A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in t


tacrolimus [SEP] Despite therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone, and then tacrolimus, her cholestatic disease was unrelenting, with cirrhosis shown

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


cholestatic disease [SEP] with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone, and then tacrolimus, her cholestatic disease was unrelenting, with cirrhosis shown by biopsy 6 months after


cirrhosis [SEP]  then tacrolimus, her cholestatic disease was unrelenting, with cirrhosis shown by biopsy 6 months after presentation. This case document

Fibrosis [SEP] Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other


primary pulmonary hypertension [SEP] High incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension associated with appetite suppressants in Belgium.

Hypertension, Pulmonary [SEP] Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.


appetite suppressants [SEP] igh incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension associated with appetite suppressants in Belgium.

Appetite Depressants [SEP] Agents that are used to suppress appetite.


Primary pulmonary hypertension [SEP] Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive and incurable disease, which has been as


appetite suppressant [SEP] incurable disease, which has been associated with the intake of appetite suppressant drugs. The importance of this association was evaluated in Belg


appetite suppressants [SEP] le this country still had no restriction on the prescription of appetite suppressants. Thirty-five patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and 8


primary pulmonary hypertension [SEP] rescription of appetite suppressants. Thirty-five patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and 85 matched controls were recruited over 32 months (1992-199


appetite-suppressants [SEP] re recruited over 32 months (1992-1994) in Belgium. Exposure to appetite-suppressants was assessed on the basis of hospital records and standardized


fenfluramines [SEP] the patients had previously taken appetite suppressants, mainly fenfluramines, as compared with only 5 of the controls (66 versus 6%, p<0.000

Fenfluramine [SEP] A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.


Choreoathetoid movements [SEP] Choreoathetoid movements associated with rapid adjustment to methadone.

Chorea [SEP] Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movem


methadone [SEP] Choreoathetoid movements associated with rapid adjustment to methadone.

Methadone [SEP] A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has ac


Choreatiform [SEP] Choreatiform hyperkinesias are known to be occasional movement abnormalities


hyperkinesias [SEP] Choreatiform hyperkinesias are known to be occasional movement abnormalities during intoxi

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


movement abnormalities [SEP] Choreatiform hyperkinesias are known to be occasional movement abnormalities during intoxications with cocaine but not opiates. This is a ca

Dyskinesias [SEP] Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underly


cocaine [SEP]  be occasional movement abnormalities during intoxications with cocaine but not opiates. This is a case report of euphoria and choreoat

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


choreoathetoid movements [SEP]  cocaine but not opiates. This is a case report of euphoria and choreoathetoid movements both transiently induced by rapid adjustment to the selective m


methadone [SEP] by rapid adjustment to the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist methadone in an inpatient previously abusing heroine and cocaine. In addi


heroine [SEP] d receptor agonist methadone in an inpatient previously abusing heroine and cocaine. In addition, minor EEG abnormalities occurred. Pos

Heroin [SEP] A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Feder


Cocaine [SEP] Cocaine-induced mood disorder: prevalence rates and psychiatric symptom


mood disorder [SEP] Cocaine-induced mood disorder: prevalence rates and psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient coc

Mood Disorders [SEP] Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.


psychiatric [SEP] Cocaine-induced mood disorder: prevalence rates and psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient cocaine-dependent sample.

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


cocaine [SEP] der: prevalence rates and psychiatric symptoms in an outpatient cocaine-dependent sample.


mood disorders [SEP] e rates and symptom patterns of DSM substance-induced and other mood disorders. 243 cocaine-dependent outpatients with cocaine-induced mood di


cocaine [SEP] patterns of DSM substance-induced and other mood disorders. 243 cocaine-dependent outpatients with cocaine-induced mood disorder (CIMD)


mood disorder [SEP] e rates and symptom patterns of DSM substance-induced and other mood disorders. 243 cocaine-dependent outpatients with cocaine-induced mood d


CIMD [SEP] caine-dependent outpatients with cocaine-induced mood disorder (CIMD), other mood disorders, or no mood disorder were compared on me

Cocaine-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.


psychiatric [SEP] ood disorders, or no mood disorder were compared on measures of psychiatric symptoms. The prevalence rate for CIMD was 12% at baseline. Int


depressive disorders [SEP] agnosis of CIMD did not substantially affect rates of the other depressive disorders. Patients with CIMD had symptom severity levels between those o

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


Hemolysis [SEP] Hemolysis of human erythrocytes induced by tamoxifen is related to disrup

Hemolysis [SEP] The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and change


tamoxifen [SEP] Hemolysis of human erythrocytes induced by tamoxifen is related to disruption of membrane structure.

Tamoxifen [SEP] One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibitin


Tamoxifen [SEP] Tamoxifen (TAM), the antiestrogenic drug most widely prescribed in the ch


TAM [SEP] Tamoxifen (TAM), the antiestrogenic drug most widely prescribed in the chemoth


breast cancer [SEP] tiestrogenic drug most widely prescribed in the chemotherapy of breast cancer, induces changes in normal discoid shape of erythrocytes and he

Breast Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.


hemolytic anemia [SEP] er, induces changes in normal discoid shape of erythrocytes and hemolytic anemia. This work evaluates the effects of TAM on isolated human eryth

Anemia, Hemolytic [SEP] A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red bl


hemolysis [SEP] f biomembranes in its cytostatic action mechanisms. TAM induces hemolysis of erythrocytes as a function of concentration. The extension o


hemolytic [SEP] er, induces changes in normal discoid shape of erythrocytes and hemolytic anemia. This work evaluates the effects of TAM on isolated huma


alpha-tocopherol [SEP] e hemolytic effect of TAM is prevented by low concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (alpha-TAc) (inactivated

alpha-Tocopherol [SEP] A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the pheno


alpha-T [SEP]  of TAM is prevented by low concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (alpha-TAc) (inactivated function


alpha-tocopherol acetate [SEP] evented by low concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (alpha-TAc) (inactivated functional hydroxyl) indicating that T


alpha-TAc [SEP] ons of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (alpha-TAc) (inactivated functional hydroxyl) indicating that TAM-induced


hydroxyl [SEP] nd alpha-tocopherol acetate (alpha-TAc) (inactivated functional hydroxyl) indicating that TAM-induced hemolysis is not related to oxidat

Hydroxyl Radical [SEP] The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.


oxygen [SEP] ative membrane damage. This was further evidenced by absence of oxygen consumption and hemoglobin oxidation both determined in paralle

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


AAPH [SEP]  TAM inhibits the peroxidation of human erythrocytes induced by AAPH, thus ruling out TAM-induced cell oxidative stress. Hemolysis c

2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) [SEP]


Hemolysis [SEP] ced by AAPH, thus ruling out TAM-induced cell oxidative stress. Hemolysis caused by TAM was not preceded by the leakage of K(+) from the


K [SEP] ess. Hemolysis caused by TAM was not preceded by the leakage of K(+) from the cells, also excluding a colloid-osmotic type mechan

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


tocopherols [SEP] es. These effects suggest that the protection from hemolysis by tocopherols is related to a decreased TAM incorporation in condensed membra

Tocopherols [SEP] A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a lon


sodium [SEP] Changes of sodium and ATP affinities of the cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase during and afte

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


ATP [SEP] Changes of sodium and ATP affinities of the cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase during and after nitric

Adenosine Triphosphate [SEP] An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in meta


Na [SEP] Changes of sodium and ATP affinities of the cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase during and after nitric oxide deficient hypertension.


K [SEP] Changes of sodium and ATP affinities of the cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase during and after nitric oxide deficient hypertension.


nitric oxide [SEP] nd ATP affinities of the cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase during and after nitric oxide deficient hypertension.

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


hypertension [SEP] e cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase during and after nitric oxide deficient hypertension.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


NO [SEP] In the cardiovascular system, NO is involved in the regulation of a variety of functions. Inhibi


hypertension [SEP] iety of functions. Inhibition of NO synthesis induces sustained hypertension. In several models of hypertension, elevation of intracellular


sodium [SEP] . In several models of hypertension, elevation of intracellular sodium level was documented in cardiac tissue. To assess the molecular


Na [SEP] olecular basis of disturbances in transmembraneous transport of Na+, we studied the response of cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase to NO-defici


K [SEP] aneous transport of Na+, we studied the response of cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase to NO-deficient hypertension induced in rats by NO-synt


N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [SEP] ion induced in rats by NO-synthase inhibition with 40 mg/kg/day N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 4 four weeks. After 4-week administration of L-NAM

NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester [SEP] A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.


L-NAME [SEP] nhibition with 40 mg/kg/day N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 4 four weeks. After 4-week administration of L-NAME, the s


ATP [SEP] ous transport of Na+, we studied the response of cardiac (Na,K)-ATPase to NO-deficient hypertension induced in rats by NO-synthase


depressed [SEP] of NO-synthase induced a reversible hypertension accompanied by depressed Na+-extrusion from cardiac cells as a consequence of deteriorat


isoproterenol [SEP] Effects of long-term pretreatment with isoproterenol on bromocriptine-induced tachycardia in conscious rats.

Isoproterenol [SEP] Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. I


bromocriptine [SEP] Effects of long-term pretreatment with isoproterenol on bromocriptine-induced tachycardia in conscious rats.

Bromocriptine [SEP] A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.


tachycardia [SEP] g-term pretreatment with isoproterenol on bromocriptine-induced tachycardia in conscious rats.

Tachycardia [SEP] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturba


bromocriptine [SEP] It has been shown that bromocriptine-induced tachycardia, which persisted after adrenalectomy, is (i


tachycardia [SEP] It has been shown that bromocriptine-induced tachycardia, which persisted after adrenalectomy, is (i) mediated by centra


dopamine [SEP] which persisted after adrenalectomy, is (i) mediated by central dopamine D2 receptor activation and (ii) reduced by 5-day isoproterenol

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


isoproterenol [SEP] ntral dopamine D2 receptor activation and (ii) reduced by 5-day isoproterenol pretreatment, supporting therefore the hypothesis that this eff


Isoproterenol [SEP] ld abolish bromocriptine-induced tachycardia in conscious rats. Isoproterenol pretreatment for 15 days caused cardiac hypertrophy without aff


cardiac hypertrophy [SEP] n conscious rats. Isoproterenol pretreatment for 15 days caused cardiac hypertrophy without affecting baseline blood pressure and heart rate. In co

Cardiomegaly [SEP] Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the l


hypotension [SEP] , intravenous bromocriptine (150 microg/kg) induced significant hypotension and tachycardia. Bromocriptine-induced hypotension was unaffect

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


Bromocriptine [SEP] 150 microg/kg) induced significant hypotension and tachycardia. Bromocriptine-induced hypotension was unaffected by isoproterenol pretreatmen


bradycardia [SEP] nol pretreatment, while tachycardia was reversed to significant bradycardia, an effect that was partly reduced by i.v. domperidone (0.5 mg/

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


domperidone [SEP] nificant bradycardia, an effect that was partly reduced by i.v. domperidone (0.5 mg/kg). Neither cardiac vagal nor sympathetic tone was alt

Domperidone [SEP] A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antie


clonidine [SEP] A developmental analysis of clonidine's effects on cardiac rate and ultrasound production in infant r

Clonidine [SEP] An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonl


clonidine [SEP]  and after administration of the alpha(2) adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine. Previous investigations have determined that, in response to c


bradycardia [SEP] rn, and given that clonidine induces sympathetic withdrawal and bradycardia, we hypothesized that clonidine's developmental effects on card


ketamine [SEP] Differential effects of systemically administered ketamine and lidocaine on dynamic and static hyperalgesia induced by int

Ketamine [SEP] A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can bl


lidocaine [SEP] Differential effects of systemically administered ketamine and lidocaine on dynamic and static hyperalgesia induced by intradermal capsa

Lidocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more pro


hyperalgesia [SEP] cally administered ketamine and lidocaine on dynamic and static hyperalgesia induced by intradermal capsaicin in humans.

Hyperalgesia [SEP] An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCIC


capsaicin [SEP] caine on dynamic and static hyperalgesia induced by intradermal capsaicin in humans.

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


ketamine [SEP] We have examined the effect of systemic administration of ketamine and lidocaine on brush-evoked (dynamic) pain and punctate-evoke


lidocaine [SEP]  examined the effect of systemic administration of ketamine and lidocaine on brush-evoked (dynamic) pain and punctate-evoked (static) hyp


pain [SEP] inistration of ketamine and lidocaine on brush-evoked (dynamic) pain and punctate-evoked (static) hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin.

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


hyperalgesia [SEP] ine on brush-evoked (dynamic) pain and punctate-evoked (static) hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-co


capsaicin [SEP] amic) pain and punctate-evoked (static) hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover s


Capsaicin [SEP] crossover study, we studied 12 volunteers in three experiments. Capsaicin 100 micrograms was injected intradermally on the volar forearm


Ketamine [SEP] S), and areas of brush-evoked and punctate-evoked hyperalgesia. Ketamine reduced both the area of brush-evoked and punctate-evoked hyper


Lidocaine [SEP] lgesia significantly and it tended to reduce brush-evoked pain. Lidocaine reduced the area of punctate-evoked hyperalgesia significantly.


Cyclosporine [SEP] Cyclosporine and tacrolimus-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


tacrolimus [SEP] Cyclosporine and tacrolimus-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


thrombotic microangiopathy [SEP] Cyclosporine and tacrolimus-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Thrombotic Microangiopathies [SEP] Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC


thrombotic microangiopathy [SEP] The development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with the use of cyclosporine has been well doc


TMA [SEP] The development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with the use of cyclosporine has been well document


cyclosporine [SEP]  of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with the use of cyclosporine has been well documented. Treatments have included discontinuat


tacrolimus [SEP] ction and graft loss. The last decade has seen the emergence of tacrolimus as a potent immunosuppressive agent with mechanisms of action v


anuria [SEP] Repeated transient anuria following losartan administration in a patient with a solitary

Anuria [SEP] Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urina


losartan [SEP] Repeated transient anuria following losartan administration in a patient with a solitary kidney.

Losartan [SEP] An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.


hypertensive [SEP] We report the case of a 70-year-old hypertensive man with a solitary kidney and chronic renal insufficiency who

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


chronic renal insufficiency [SEP] se of a 70-year-old hypertensive man with a solitary kidney and chronic renal insufficiency who developed two episodes of transient anuria after losartan a

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is class


anuria [SEP] nic renal insufficiency who developed two episodes of transient anuria after losartan administration. He was hospitalized for a myocar


losartan [SEP] ufficiency who developed two episodes of transient anuria after losartan administration. He was hospitalized for a myocardial infarction


myocardial infarction [SEP] anuria after losartan administration. He was hospitalized for a myocardial infarction with pulmonary edema, treated with high-dose diuretics. Due to

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


pulmonary edema [SEP] istration. He was hospitalized for a myocardial infarction with pulmonary edema, treated with high-dose diuretics. Due to severe systolic dysfu

Pulmonary Edema [SEP] Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary


systolic dysfunction [SEP] ulmonary edema, treated with high-dose diuretics. Due to severe systolic dysfunction losartan was prescribed. Surprisingly, the first dose of 50 mg

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


furosemide [SEP]  in a sudden anuria, which lasted eight hours despite high-dose furosemide and amine infusion. One week later, by mistake, losartan was pr

Furosemide [SEP] A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFF


amine [SEP] uria, which lasted eight hours despite high-dose furosemide and amine infusion. One week later, by mistake, losartan was prescribed a

Amines [SEP] A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dic


hypotension [SEP] these two episodes, his blood pressure diminished but no severe hypotension was noted. Ultimately, an arteriography showed a 70-80% renal a

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


renal artery stenosis [SEP] tension was noted. Ultimately, an arteriography showed a 70-80% renal artery stenosis. In this patient, renal artery stenosis combined with heart fai

Renal Artery Obstruction [SEP] Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSI


heart failure [SEP]  stenosis. In this patient, renal artery stenosis combined with heart failure and diuretic therapy certainly resulted in a strong activation

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


angiotensin [SEP]  therapy certainly resulted in a strong activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Under such conditions, angiotensin II receptor bl

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


angiotensin II [SEP] n of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Under such conditions, angiotensin II receptor blockade by losartan probably induced a critical fall

Angiotensin II [SEP] An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino aci


renovascular disease [SEP] tan can cause serious unexpected complications in patients with renovascular disease and should be used with extreme caution in this setting.

Vascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ART


necrotic [SEP] In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amioda

Necrosis [SEP] The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrol


acetaminophen [SEP] dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and do

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


nephrotoxicity [SEP] apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardi

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


amiodarone [SEP] crotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by

Amiodarone [SEP] An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibitin


lung toxicity [SEP] during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape s

Lung Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.


doxorubicin [SEP] en-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyan

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cardiotoxicity [SEP] icity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract [SEP] lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins [SEP]


Grape seed extract [SEP] Grape seed extract, primarily a mixture of proanthocyanidins, has been shown to mo

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins [SEP]


proanthocyanidins [SEP] Grape seed extract, primarily a mixture of proanthocyanidins, has been shown to modulate a wide-range of biological, pharmac

Proanthocyanidins [SEP] Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They a


IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract [SEP] h are mainly cytoprotective. This study assessed the ability of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) to prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, a

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins [SEP]


GSPE [SEP] essed the ability of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) to prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodar

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins [SEP]


acetaminophen [SEP]  of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) to prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung tox


AAP [SEP]  seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) to prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity


nephrotoxicity [SEP] ocyanidin extract (GSPE) to prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-


amiodarone [SEP] t (GSPE) to prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced card


AMI [SEP] prevent acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotox


lung toxicity [SEP] minophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Experime


doxorubicin [SEP] ced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Experimental design consi


DOX [SEP] icity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Experimental design consisted


cardiotoxicity [SEP] rone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Experimental design consisted of four groups: control


tissue damage [SEP] of kidney, heart and lung sections revealed moderate to massive tissue damage with a variety of morphological aberrations by all the three dr

Soft Tissue Injuries [SEP] Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera.


necrosis [SEP] uch as, AAP, AMI and DOX induced apoptotic death in addition to necrosis in the respective organs which was very effectively blocked by


Palpebral twitching [SEP] Palpebral twitching in a depressed adolescent on citalopram.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


depressed [SEP] Palpebral twitching in a depressed adolescent on citalopram.

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


citalopram [SEP] Palpebral twitching in a depressed adolescent on citalopram.

Citalopram [SEP] A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in redu


major depression [SEP] tween 0.4% and 8.3% of children and adolescents are affected by major depression. We report a favorable response to treatment with citalopram by

Depressive Disorder, Major [SEP] Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.


citalopram [SEP] or depression. We report a favorable response to treatment with citalopram by a 15-year-old boy with major depression who exhibited palpeb


palpebral twitching [SEP] lopram by a 15-year-old boy with major depression who exhibited palpebral twitching during his first 2 weeks of treatment. This may have been a sid


Metamizol [SEP] Metamizol potentiates morphine antinociception but not constipation after

Dipyrone [SEP] A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE. Because of


morphine [SEP] Metamizol potentiates morphine antinociception but not constipation after chronic treatment.

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


constipation [SEP] Metamizol potentiates morphine antinociception but not constipation after chronic treatment.

Constipation [SEP] Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER


constipating [SEP] This work evaluates the antinociceptive and constipating effects of the combination of 3.2 mg/kg s.c. morphine with 177.


morphine [SEP] e and constipating effects of the combination of 3.2 mg/kg s.c. morphine with 177.8 mg/kg s.c. metamizol in acutely and chronically trea


metamizol [SEP] he combination of 3.2 mg/kg s.c. morphine with 177.8 mg/kg s.c. metamizol in acutely and chronically treated (once a day for 12 days) rat


pain [SEP] ffects were assessed using a model of inflammatory nociception, pain-induced functional impairment model, and the charcoal meal test

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


charcoal [SEP]  nociception, pain-induced functional impairment model, and the charcoal meal test was used to evaluate the intestinal transit. Simultan

Charcoal [SEP] An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated for


naloxone [SEP] ffects of the combination were partially prevented by 3.2 mg/kg naloxone s.c. (P<0.05), suggesting the partial involvement of the opioid

Naloxone [SEP] A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid recepto


constipation [SEP] , suggesting that metamizol did not potentiate morphine-induced constipation. These findings show a significant interaction between morphine


chronic pain [SEP] ting that this combination could be useful for the treatment of chronic pain.

Chronic Pain [SEP] Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persi


Ifosfamide [SEP] Ifosfamide encephalopathy presenting with asterixis.

Ifosfamide [SEP] Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.


encephalopathy [SEP] Ifosfamide encephalopathy presenting with asterixis.

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


asterixis [SEP] Ifosfamide encephalopathy presenting with asterixis.

Dyskinesias [SEP] Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underly


ifosfamide [SEP] CNS toxic effects of the antineoplastic agent ifosfamide (IFX) are frequent and include a variety of neurological sympto


IFX [SEP] CNS toxic effects of the antineoplastic agent ifosfamide (IFX) are frequent and include a variety of neurological symptoms th


myoclonus [SEP] e of a 51-year-old man who developed severe, disabling negative myoclonus of the upper and lower extremities after the infusion of ifosfa

Myoclonus [SEP] Involuntary shock-like contractions, irregular in rhythm and amplitude, followed by relaxation, of a muscle or a group of muscle


plasmacytoma [SEP] pper and lower extremities after the infusion of ifosfamide for plasmacytoma. He was awake, revealed no changes of mental status and at rest

Plasmacytoma [SEP] Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.


structural lesions of the brain [SEP] nance imaging and extensive laboratory studies failed to reveal structural lesions of the brain and metabolic abnormalities. An electroencephalogram showed con


metabolic abnormalities [SEP] ry studies failed to reveal structural lesions of the brain and metabolic abnormalities. An electroencephalogram showed continuous, generalized irregul

Metabolic Diseases [SEP] Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (MET


encephalopathy [SEP] ng with admixed periodic triphasic waves indicating symptomatic encephalopathy. The administration of ifosfamide was discontinued and within 1


asterixis [SEP] ministration of ifosfamide was discontinued and within 12 h the asterixis resolved completely. In the patient described, the presence of


gamma-vinyl GABA [SEP] Sub-chronic low dose gamma-vinyl GABA (vigabatrin) inhibits cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accu

Vigabatrin [SEP] An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible


vigabatrin [SEP] Sub-chronic low dose gamma-vinyl GABA (vigabatrin) inhibits cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopami


cocaine [SEP] Sub-chronic low dose gamma-vinyl GABA (vigabatrin) inhibits cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


dopamine [SEP] batrin) inhibits cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine.

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


gamma-Vinyl GABA [SEP] RATIONALE: gamma-Vinyl GABA (GVG) irreversibly inhibits GABA-transaminase. This non-recepto


GVG [SEP] RATIONALE: gamma-Vinyl GABA (GVG) irreversibly inhibits GABA-transaminase. This non-receptor med


GABA [SEP] RATIONALE: gamma-Vinyl GABA (GVG) irreversibly inhibits GABA-transaminase. This non-recepto

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


substance abuse [SEP] abolism. OBJECTIVES: Given its preclinical success for treating substance abuse and the increased risk of visual field defects (VFD) associated

Substance-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related to substance abuse.


visual field defects [SEP]  success for treating substance abuse and the increased risk of visual field defects (VFD) associated with cumulative lifetime exposure, we explored

Eye Diseases [SEP] Diseases affecting the eye.


VFD [SEP] substance abuse and the increased risk of visual field defects (VFD) associated with cumulative lifetime exposure, we explored the


cocaine [SEP] xposure, we explored the effects of sub-chronic low dose GVG on cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine (DA). ME


dopamine [SEP] se GVG on cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine (DA). METHODS: Using in vivo microdialysis, we compared acute e


DA [SEP] cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine (DA). METHODS: Using in vivo microdialysis, we compared acute expos


bleeding [SEP] Amount of bleeding and hematoma size in the collagenase-induced intracerebral hemo

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


hematoma [SEP] Amount of bleeding and hematoma size in the collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat mo

Hematoma [SEP] A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.


intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP] Amount of bleeding and hematoma size in the collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat model.

Cerebral Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with


intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP] The aggravated risk on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with drugs used for stroke patients should be estimated c


ICH [SEP] The aggravated risk on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with drugs used for stroke patients should be estimated carefu


stroke [SEP] ated risk on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with drugs used for stroke patients should be estimated carefully. We therefore establishe

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


bleeding [SEP] 014-unit, 0.070-unit, and 0.350-unit collagenase, the amount of bleeding was measured using a hemoglobin assay developed in the present


hematoma [SEP] sent study and was compared with the morphologically determined hematoma volume. The blood amounts and hematoma volumes were significant


heparin [SEP] H deterioration. In ICH induction using 0.014-unit collagenase, heparin enhanced the hematoma volume 3.4-fold over that seen in control

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


Estradiol [SEP] Estradiol reduces seizure-induced hippocampal injury in ovariectomized fe

Estradiol [SEP] The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-bet


seizure [SEP] Estradiol reduces seizure-induced hippocampal injury in ovariectomized female but not in

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


hippocampal injury [SEP] Estradiol reduces seizure-induced hippocampal injury in ovariectomized female but not in male rats.

Brain Injuries [SEP] Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and


hippocampal injury [SEP] Estrogens protect ovariectomized rats from hippocampal injury induced by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE). We comp


kainic acid [SEP]  protect ovariectomized rats from hippocampal injury induced by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE). We compared the effects of 17b

Kainic Acid [SEP] (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digen


status epilepticus [SEP] zed rats from hippocampal injury induced by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE). We compared the effects of 17beta-estradiol in adult male

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


SE [SEP] ampal injury induced by kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE). We compared the effects of 17beta-estradiol in adult male and


17beta-estradiol [SEP] cid-induced status epilepticus (SE). We compared the effects of 17beta-estradiol in adult male and ovariectomized female rats subjected to lithi


lithium [SEP] adiol in adult male and ovariectomized female rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE. Rats received subcutaneous injections o

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


pilocarpine [SEP]  adult male and ovariectomized female rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE. Rats received subcutaneous injections of 17beta-est

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


silver [SEP] ng the second injection and terminated 3 h later. The extent of silver-stained CA3 and CA1 hippocampal neurons was evaluated 2 days af

Silver [SEP] Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medica


17beta-Estradiol [SEP]  CA3 and CA1 hippocampal neurons was evaluated 2 days after SE. 17beta-Estradiol did not alter the onset of first clonus in ovariectomized rats


estradiol [SEP] uced status epilepticus (SE). We compared the effects of 17beta-estradiol in adult male and ovariectomized female rats subjected to lithi


seizure [SEP]  score. These findings suggest that the effects of estradiol on seizure threshold and damage may be altered by sex-related differences


Delirium [SEP] Delirium during clozapine treatment: incidence and associated risk facto

Delirium [SEP] A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instan


clozapine [SEP] Delirium during clozapine treatment: incidence and associated risk factors.

Clozapine [SEP] A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system rec


delirium [SEP] BACKGROUND: Incidence and risk factors for delirium during clozapine treatment require further clarification. METHO


clozapine [SEP] BACKGROUND: Incidence and risk factors for delirium during clozapine treatment require further clarification. METHODS: We used compu


psychiatric [SEP] DS: We used computerized pharmacy records to identify all adult psychiatric inpatients treated with clozapine (1995-96), reviewed their med

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


Delirium [SEP] of 282 +/- 203 mg (3.45 +/- 2.45 mg/kg) for 18.9 +/- 16.4 days. Delirium was diagnosed in 14 (10.1 % incidence, or 1.48 cases/person-yea


Ketoconazole [SEP] Ketoconazole-induced neurologic sequelae.

Ketoconazole [SEP] Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.


neurologic sequelae [SEP] Ketoconazole-induced neurologic sequelae.

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


weakness of extremities [SEP] A 77-y-old patient developed weakness of extremities, legs paralysis, dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 2

Muscle Weakness [SEP] A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be character


legs paralysis [SEP] A 77-y-old patient developed weakness of extremities, legs paralysis, dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 200 mg ketoconazo

Paralysis [SEP] A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level


dysarthria [SEP] -old patient developed weakness of extremities, legs paralysis, dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 200 mg ketoconazole for the f

Dysarthria [SEP] Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result f


tremor [SEP] veloped weakness of extremities, legs paralysis, dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 200 mg ketoconazole for the first time i

Tremor [SEP] Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or act


ketoconazole [SEP]  paralysis, dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 200 mg ketoconazole for the first time in his life. All complaints faded away withi


adverse drug reactions [SEP] e normal. This case illustrates the need for close vigilance in adverse drug reactions, particularly in the elderly.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


vascular dysfunctions [SEP] h a trigemino-parasympathetic reflex--an experimental model for vascular dysfunctions in cluster headache.

Cerebrovascular Disorders [SEP] A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES; or VEINS) in the


cluster headache [SEP] etic reflex--an experimental model for vascular dysfunctions in cluster headache.

Cluster Headache [SEP] A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal o


Cluster headache [SEP] Cluster headache is characterized by typical autonomic dysfunctions including fa


intracranial vascular disturbances [SEP] cterized by typical autonomic dysfunctions including facial and intracranial vascular disturbances. Both the trigeminal and the cranial parasympathetic systems ma


Capsaicin [SEP] ra mater and the parietal cortex using laser Doppler flowmetry. Capsaicin (0.01-1 mm) applied to oral or nasal mucosa induced increases i

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


increases in dural and cortical blood flow [SEP] . Capsaicin (0.01-1 mm) applied to oral or nasal mucosa induced increases in dural and cortical blood flow and provoked lacrimation. These responses were blocked by syste

Hyperemia [SEP] The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. H


hexamethonium chloride [SEP]  These responses were blocked by systemic pre-administration of hexamethonium chloride (20 mg/kg). The evoked increases in dural blood flow were also

Hexamethonium [SEP] A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gast


increases in dural blood flow [SEP] administration of hexamethonium chloride (20 mg/kg). The evoked increases in dural blood flow were also abolished by topical pre-administration of atropine (


atropine [SEP] blood flow were also abolished by topical pre-administration of atropine (1 mm) and [Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6]-VIP (0.1 mm), a vasoact

Atropine [SEP] An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isome


acetylcholine [SEP]  The blood flow responses seem to be mediated by the release of acetylcholine and VIP within the meninges. Similar mechanisms may be involved

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


cluster headache [SEP] nges. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of cluster headache.


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP] Recurrent excitation in the dentate gyrus of a murine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [SEP] A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lob


pilocarpine [SEP] Similar to rats, systemic pilocarpine injection causes status epilepticus (SE) and the eventual devel

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


status epilepticus [SEP] Similar to rats, systemic pilocarpine injection causes status epilepticus (SE) and the eventual development of spontaneous seizures and m

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


SE [SEP] rats, systemic pilocarpine injection causes status epilepticus (SE) and the eventual development of spontaneous seizures and mossy


seizures [SEP] us epilepticus (SE) and the eventual development of spontaneous seizures and mossy fiber sprouting in C57BL/6 and CD1 mice, but the phys

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


Mg [SEP] ral hippocampus from pilocarpine-treated and untreated mice. In Mg(2+)-free bathing medium containing bicuculline, conditions desi

Magnesium [SEP] A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of


bicuculline [SEP] ed and untreated mice. In Mg(2+)-free bathing medium containing bicuculline, conditions designed to increase excitability in the slices, el

Bicuculline [SEP] An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors


glutamate [SEP] discharges of 3-60 s duration, which were blocked by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. Focal glutamate photostimulation of the g

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


seizure [SEP] us epilepticus (SE) and the eventual development of spontaneous seizures and mossy fiber sprouting in C57BL/6 and CD1 mice, but the phy


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP] lopment in these murine strains, resembling rat models of human temporal lobe epilepsy.


acetylcholine [SEP] The alpha3 and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are necessary for nicotine-induced seizures a


nicotine [SEP] ta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are necessary for nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice.

Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimu


seizures [SEP] tylcholine receptor subunits are necessary for nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice.


hypolocomotion [SEP] ceptor subunits are necessary for nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice.

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


nicotine [SEP] Binding of nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) elicits a series


acetylcholine [SEP] Binding of nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) elicits a series of dose-dependent behaviors


tremors [SEP] ndent behaviors that go from altered exploration, sedation, and tremors, to seizures and death. nAChRs are pentameric ion channels usua

Tremor [SEP] Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or act


seizures [SEP] ors that go from altered exploration, sedation, and tremors, to seizures and death. nAChRs are pentameric ion channels usually composed


death [SEP] rom altered exploration, sedation, and tremors, to seizures and death. nAChRs are pentameric ion channels usually composed of alpha a

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


hypolocomotion [SEP] the role of the beta4 subunits in nicotine-induced seizures and hypolocomotion in beta4 homozygous null (beta4 -/-) and alpha3 heterozygous (+


interstitial nephritis [SEP] Recurrent acute interstitial nephritis induced by azithromycin.

Nephritis, Interstitial [SEP] Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES an


azithromycin [SEP] Recurrent acute interstitial nephritis induced by azithromycin.

Azithromycin [SEP] A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium a


azithromycin [SEP] A 14-year-old girl is reported with recurrent, azithromycin-induced, acute interstitial nephritis. The second episode was m


interstitial nephritis [SEP] ld girl is reported with recurrent, azithromycin-induced, acute interstitial nephritis. The second episode was more severe than the first; and althoug


renal injury [SEP] enign and self-limited, some patients are at risk for permanent renal injury.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Valproate [SEP] Valproate-induced encephalopathy.

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


encephalopathy [SEP] Valproate-induced encephalopathy.

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


Valproate [SEP] Valproate-induced encephalopathy is a rare syndrome that may manifest in


encephalopathy [SEP] Valproate-induced encephalopathy is a rare syndrome that may manifest in otherwise normal epilep


epileptic [SEP] opathy is a rare syndrome that may manifest in otherwise normal epileptic individuals. It may even present in patients who have tolerated

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


hyperammonemia [SEP]  in the past. It is usually but not necessarily associated with hyperammonemia. The EEG shows characteristic triphasic waves in most patients

Hyperammonemia [SEP] Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.


valproate [SEP] phasic waves in most patients with this complication. A case of valproate-induced encephalopathy is presented. The problems in diagnosing


Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [SEP] Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester: a potential protector against gentamicin ototoxicity.

NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester [SEP] A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.


gentamicin [SEP] Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester: a potential protector against gentamicin ototoxicity.

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


ototoxicity [SEP] arginine methyl ester: a potential protector against gentamicin ototoxicity.

Hearing Disorders [SEP] Conditions that impair the transmission of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices,


nitric oxide [SEP] The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) may act a

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


NO [SEP] The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) may act as an


nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [SEP] The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) may act as an otoprotectant against high-frequency hea


L-NAME [SEP] The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) may act as an otoprotectant against high-frequency hearing los


high-frequency hearing loss [SEP] inine methyl ester (L-NAME) may act as an otoprotectant against high-frequency hearing loss caused by gentamicin, but further studies are needed to confirm

Hearing Loss, High-Frequency [SEP] Hearing loss in frequencies above 1000 hertz.


gentamicin [SEP]  an otoprotectant against high-frequency hearing loss caused by gentamicin, but further studies are needed to confirm this.Aminoglycoside


Aminoglycoside [SEP] d by gentamicin, but further studies are needed to confirm this.Aminoglycoside antibiotics are still widely used by virtue of their efficacy a

Aminoglycosides [SEP] Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTIC


ototoxicity [SEP] ill widely used by virtue of their efficacy and low cost. Their ototoxicity is a serious health problem and, as their ototoxic mechanism in


ototoxic [SEP] ill widely used by virtue of their efficacy and low cost. Their ototoxicity is a serious health problem and, as their ototoxic mechanism


aminoglycoside [SEP] e need to assess the use of NO inhibitors for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced sensorineural hearing loss. In this experimental study


sensorineural hearing loss [SEP] e of NO inhibitors for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced sensorineural hearing loss. In this experimental study we used 30 Sprague-Dawley rats, 27

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural [SEP] Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round


hearing loss [SEP] ter (L-NAME) may act as an otoprotectant against high-frequency hearing loss caused by gentamicin, but further studies are needed to confirm

Hearing Loss [SEP] A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.


Cerebral vasculitis [SEP] Cerebral vasculitis following oral methylphenidate intake in an adult: a case repor

Vasculitis, Central Nervous System [SEP] Inflammation of blood vessels within the central nervous system. Primary vasculitis is usually caused by autoimmune or idiopathi


methylphenidate [SEP] Cerebral vasculitis following oral methylphenidate intake in an adult: a case report.

Methylphenidate [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLE


Methylphenidate [SEP] Methylphenidate is structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine. Cerebr


amphetamine [SEP] Methylphenidate is structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine. Cerebral vasculitis associated with amphetamine abuse is well

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


Cerebral vasculitis [SEP] nidate is structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine. Cerebral vasculitis associated with amphetamine abuse is well documented, and in ra


amphetamine abuse [SEP] lly similar to amphetamine. Cerebral vasculitis associated with amphetamine abuse is well documented, and in rare cases ischaemic stroke has been

Amphetamine-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.


ischaemic stroke [SEP] ed with amphetamine abuse is well documented, and in rare cases ischaemic stroke has been reported after methylphenidate intake in children. We

Cerebral Infarction [SEP] The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of th


methylphenidate [SEP] ted, and in rare cases ischaemic stroke has been reported after methylphenidate intake in children. We report the case of a 63-year-old female


hyperactivity [SEP]  63-year-old female who was treated with methylphenidate due to hyperactivity and suffered from multiple ischaemic strokes. We consider drug-

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


ischaemic strokes [SEP] methylphenidate due to hyperactivity and suffered from multiple ischaemic strokes. We consider drug-induced cerebral vasculitis as the most likel


cerebral vasculitis [SEP] fered from multiple ischaemic strokes. We consider drug-induced cerebral vasculitis as the most likely cause of recurrent ischaemic strokes in the


vasculitis [SEP]  structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine. Cerebral vasculitis associated with amphetamine abuse is well documented, and in ra

Vasculitis [SEP] Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.


Cerebral haemorrhage [SEP] Cerebral haemorrhage induced by warfarin - the influence of drug-drug interactions.

Cerebral Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with


warfarin [SEP] Cerebral haemorrhage induced by warfarin - the influence of drug-drug interactions.

Warfarin [SEP] An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the


warfarin [SEP] POSE: To evaluate the frequency, severity and preventability of warfarin-induced cerebral haemorrhages due to warfarin and warfarin-drug


cerebral haemorrhages [SEP]  the frequency, severity and preventability of warfarin-induced cerebral haemorrhages due to warfarin and warfarin-drug interactions in patients livi


cerebral haemorrhage [SEP]  the frequency, severity and preventability of warfarin-induced cerebral haemorrhages due to warfarin and warfarin-drug interactions in patients liv


haemorrhage [SEP] uency, severity and preventability of warfarin-induced cerebral haemorrhages due to warfarin and warfarin-drug interactions in patients liv

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


bleeding [SEP] n 24 (41%) of the warfarin patients and in 7 of these (12%) the bleeding complication was considered being possible to avoid. CONCLUSION


Warfarin [SEP] mplication was considered being possible to avoid. CONCLUSIONS: Warfarin-induced cerebral haemorrhages are a major clinical problem with


methylprednisolone [SEP] Side effects of postoperative administration of methylprednisolone and gentamicin into the posterior sub-Tenon's space.

Methylprednisolone [SEP] A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.


gentamicin [SEP] fects of postoperative administration of methylprednisolone and gentamicin into the posterior sub-Tenon's space.

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


methylprednisolone [SEP] f postoperative emetic side effects after the administration of methylprednisolone and gentamicin into the posterior sub-Tenon's space at the end


gentamicin [SEP] side effects after the administration of methylprednisolone and gentamicin into the posterior sub-Tenon's space at the end of routine cata


cataract [SEP] icin into the posterior sub-Tenon's space at the end of routine cataract surgery. SETTING: St. Luke's Hospital, Gwardamangia, Malta. MET

Cataract [SEP] Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many ki


lignocaine [SEP] ification under sub-Tenon's local infiltration of 3 mL of plain lignocaine. At the end of the procedure, Group A (n = 20) had 20 mg/0.5 mL

Lidocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more pro


nausea, vomiting [SEP] ce. Postoperatively, all patients were assessed for symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and headache. A chi-square test was used to assess the statist

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting [SEP] Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.


headache [SEP] ll patients were assessed for symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and headache. A chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significa

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


postoperative emetic symptoms [SEP] ficance of results. RESULTS: Sixty percent in Group A developed postoperative emetic symptoms, headache, or both; 1 patient in Group B developed symptoms. CO


nephropathy [SEP] ARE) study: a randomized double-blind trial of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


chronic kidney disease [SEP] le-blind trial of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is class


contrast medium [SEP] mparisons exist of the renal tolerability of the low-osmolality contrast medium iopamidol with that of the iso-osmolality contrast medium iodix

Contrast Media [SEP] Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.


iopamidol [SEP] of the renal tolerability of the low-osmolality contrast medium iopamidol with that of the iso-osmolality contrast medium iodixanol in hi

Iopamidol [SEP] A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and othe


iodixanol [SEP] edium iopamidol with that of the iso-osmolality contrast medium iodixanol in high-risk patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study i

iodixanol [SEP]


chronic kidney disease [SEP] le-blind comparison of iopamidol and iodixanol in patients with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 20 to 59 mL/min) who und


creatinine [SEP] rdiac angiography or percutaneous coronary interventions. Serum creatinine (SCr) levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate were asse

Creatinine [SEP]


diabetes mellitus [SEP] ak change in SCr. In 414 patients, contrast volume, presence of diabetes mellitus, use of N-acetylcysteine, mean baseline SCr, and estimated glom

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


N-acetylcysteine [SEP] atients, contrast volume, presence of diabetes mellitus, use of N-acetylcysteine, mean baseline SCr, and estimated glomerular filtration rate we

Acetylcysteine [SEP] The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also b


diabetes [SEP] ak change in SCr. In 414 patients, contrast volume, presence of diabetes mellitus, use of N-acetylcysteine, mean baseline SCr, and estim


nephropathy [SEP]  micromol/L, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of contrast-induced nephropathy, defined by multiple end points, is not statistically different


maltolyl p-coumarate [SEP] A novel compound, maltolyl p-coumarate, attenuates cognitive deficits and shows neuroprotective effect

maltolyl p-coumarate [SEP]


cognitive deficits [SEP] A novel compound, maltolyl p-coumarate, attenuates cognitive deficits and shows neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo dementia

Cognition Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment.


dementia [SEP] deficits and shows neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo dementia models.

Dementia [SEP] An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occup


maltolyl p-coumarate [SEP] ce cognitive function and neuroprotection, we newly synthesized maltolyl p-coumarate by the esterification of maltol and p-coumaric acid. In the pre

maltolyl p-coumarate [SEP]


maltol [SEP] ce cognitive function and neuroprotection, we newly synthesized maltolyl p-coumarate by the esterification of maltol and p-coumaric ac

maltol [SEP]


p-coumaric acid [SEP] esized maltolyl p-coumarate by the esterification of maltol and p-coumaric acid. In the present study, we investigated whether maltolyl p-couma

4-coumaric acid [SEP]


cognitive decline [SEP] udy, we investigated whether maltolyl p-coumarate could improve cognitive decline in scopolamine-injected rats and in amyloid beta peptide(1-42)-


scopolamine [SEP] whether maltolyl p-coumarate could improve cognitive decline in scopolamine-injected rats and in amyloid beta peptide(1-42)-infused rats. M

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


amyloid beta peptide(1-42) [SEP] d improve cognitive decline in scopolamine-injected rats and in amyloid beta peptide(1-42)-infused rats. Maltolyl p-coumarate was found to attenuate cogni

beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 (E22delta) click peptide [SEP]


Maltolyl p-coumarate [SEP] e-injected rats and in amyloid beta peptide(1-42)-infused rats. Maltolyl p-coumarate was found to attenuate cognitive deficits in both rat models us

maltolyl p-coumarate [SEP]


cognitive deficits [SEP] 1-42)-infused rats. Maltolyl p-coumarate was found to attenuate cognitive deficits in both rat models using passive avoidance test and to reduce a


glutamate [SEP] olyl p-coumarate, before exposed to amyloid beta peptide(1-42), glutamate or H2O2. We found that maltolyl p-coumarate significantly decre

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


H2O2 [SEP] ate, before exposed to amyloid beta peptide(1-42), glutamate or H2O2. We found that maltolyl p-coumarate significantly decreased apo

Hydrogen Peroxide [SEP] A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unst


Alzheimer's disease [SEP] ltolyl p-coumarate is a potentially effective candidate against Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by wide spread neuronal death and progres

Alzheimer Disease [SEP] A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention