albuminuria [SEP] tensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on blood pressure, albuminuria, renal hemodynamics, and morphology of the nonclipped kidney wa

Albuminuria [SEP] The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


renovascular hypertension [SEP] nonclipped kidney was studied in rats with two-kidney, one clip renovascular hypertension. Six weeks after clipping of one renal artery, hypertensive rat

Hypertension, Renovascular [SEP] Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.


hypertensive [SEP] lar hypertension. Six weeks after clipping of one renal artery, hypertensive rats (178 +/- 4 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to three groups:

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


Enalapril [SEP] as obtained for determination of glomerular size and sclerosis. Enalapril but not nitrendipine reduced blood pressure significantly. Afte

Enalapril [SEP] One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension.


glomerulosclerosis [SEP]  groups. Renal plasma flow increased, but albumin excretion and glomerulosclerosis did not change after enalapril treatment. In contrast, in the n

Glomerulonephritis [SEP] Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including anti


tinnitus [SEP] Treatment of tinnitus by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine (lidocaine) 2 per c

Tinnitus [SEP] A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other no


lignocaine [SEP] Treatment of tinnitus by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine (lidocaine) 2 per cent through ventilation tubes.

Lidocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more pro


lidocaine [SEP] atment of tinnitus by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine (lidocaine) 2 per cent through ventilation tubes.


Idiopathic subjective tinnitus [SEP] Idiopathic subjective tinnitus (IST) is one of the most obscure otological pathologies. This p


IST [SEP] Idiopathic subjective tinnitus (IST) is one of the most obscure otological pathologies. This paper


lignocaine [SEP] ts the results of treating IST by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine (lidocaine) 2 per cent through a grommet, for five weekly cours


lidocaine [SEP] ts of treating IST by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine (lidocaine) 2 per cent through a grommet, for five weekly courses. Fifty-t


tinnitus [SEP] Idiopathic subjective tinnitus (IST) is one of the most obscure otological pathologies. This p


vertigo [SEP] ng results. Patients should be warned about the side effects of vertigo and vomiting, which subsides gradually with every new instillat

Vertigo [SEP] An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. V


vomiting [SEP] Patients should be warned about the side effects of vertigo and vomiting, which subsides gradually with every new instillation, and that

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


Perhexiline maleate [SEP] Perhexiline maleate and peripheral neuropathy.

perhexiline maleate [SEP]


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] Perhexiline maleate and peripheral neuropathy.

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


Peripheral neuropathy [SEP] Peripheral neuropathy has been noted as a complication of therapy with perhexiline ma


perhexiline maleate [SEP] ral neuropathy has been noted as a complication of therapy with perhexiline maleate, a drug widely used in France (and in clinical trials in the Un

perhexiline maleate [SEP]


angina pectoris [SEP]  trials in the United States) for the prophylactic treatment of angina pectoris. In 24 patients with this complication, the marked slowing of m

Angina Pectoris [SEP] The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is


demyelinating disorder [SEP] ction velocity and the electromyographic changes imply mainly a demyelinating disorder. Improvement was noted with cessation of therapy. In a few case

Demyelinating Diseases [SEP] Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.


neuropathy [SEP] Peripheral neuropathy has been noted as a complication of therapy with perhexiline ma

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


morphine [SEP] Effect of humoral modulators of morphine-induced increase in locomotor activity of mice.

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


increase in locomotor activity [SEP] Effect of humoral modulators of morphine-induced increase in locomotor activity of mice.

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


morphine [SEP] The effect of humoral modulators on the morphine-induced increase in locomotor activity of mice was studied. The


increase in locomotor activity [SEP] The effect of humoral modulators on the morphine-induced increase in locomotor activity of mice was studied. The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/k


hyperactivity [SEP] ed increase in locomotor activity in mice. The morphine-induced hyperactivity was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine.


scopolamine [SEP]  in mice. The morphine-induced hyperactivity was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolam

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


physostigmine [SEP]  hyperactivity was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do no

Physostigmine [SEP] A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also c


methscopolamine [SEP]  scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier

N-Methylscopolamine [SEP] A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.


neostigmine [SEP] enuated by physostigmine. In contrast, both methscopolamine and neostigmine, which do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, had no effect

Neostigmine [SEP] A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gal


alpha-methyltyrosine [SEP] e hyperactivity produced by morphine. Pretreatment of mice with alpha-methyltyrosine (20 mg/kg i.p., one hour), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase

alpha-Methyltyrosine [SEP] An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control


tyrosine [SEP] ity produced by morphine. Pretreatment of mice with alpha-methyltyrosine (20 mg/kg i.p., one hour), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase

Tyrosine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HO


p-chlorophenylalamine [SEP] asing effects of morphine. On the other hand, pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalamine (3 X 320 mg/kg i.p., 24 hr), a serotonin depletor, caused no si

Fenclonine [SEP] A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYD


serotonin [SEP] tment with p-chlorophenylalamine (3 X 320 mg/kg i.p., 24 hr), a serotonin depletor, caused no significant change in the hyperactivity. Th

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


catecholamines [SEP] y-increasing effects of morphine are mediated by the release of catecholamines from adrenergic neurons in the brain. And the results are consi

Catecholamines [SEP] A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.


acetylcholine [SEP] h the hypothesis that morphine acts by retarding the release of acetylcholine at some central cholinergic synapses. It is also suggested from

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


FK 506 [SEP] Mechanisms of FK 506-induced hypertension in the rat.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


hypertension [SEP] Mechanisms of FK 506-induced hypertension in the rat.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


Tacrolimus [SEP] -Tacrolimus (FK 506) is a powerful, widely used immunosuppressant. The clin


FK 506 [SEP] -Tacrolimus (FK 506) is a powerful, widely used immunosuppressant. The clinical uti


hypertension [SEP] t. The clinical utility of FK 506 is complicated by substantial hypertension and nephrotoxicity. To clarify the mechanisms of FK 506-induced


nephrotoxicity [SEP] tility of FK 506 is complicated by substantial hypertension and nephrotoxicity. To clarify the mechanisms of FK 506-induced hypertension, we s

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


nitric oxide [SEP] T-1 and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and the expression of mRNA of eNOS an

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


FR 139317 [SEP] he effect of the specific endothelin type A receptor antagonist FR 139317 on FK 506-induced hypertension in rats was studied. FK 506, 5 m

FR 139317 [SEP]


NO [SEP] rting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and the expression of mRNA of eNOS and C-type natri


Suxamethonium [SEP] Suxamethonium induced prolonged apnea in a patient receiving electroconvulsiv

Succinylcholine [SEP] A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxan


apnea [SEP] Suxamethonium induced prolonged apnea in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy.

Apnea [SEP] A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.


Suxamethonium [SEP] Suxamethonium causes prolonged apnea in patients in whom pseudocholinesterase


apnea [SEP] Suxamethonium causes prolonged apnea in patients in whom pseudocholinesterase enzyme gets deactivate


organophosphorus (OP) poisons [SEP] atients in whom pseudocholinesterase enzyme gets deactivated by organophosphorus (OP) poisons. Here, we present a similar incident in a severely depressed pa

Organophosphorus Compounds [SEP] Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of syn


depressed [SEP] (OP) poisons. Here, we present a similar incident in a severely depressed patient who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prolonged

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


OP compound [SEP] r case ensued because the information about suicidal attempt by OP compound was concealed from the treating team.


bupropion [SEP] The effects of the adjunctive bupropion on male sexual dysfunction induced by a selective serotonin reu

Bupropion [SEP] A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to


sexual dysfunction [SEP] The effects of the adjunctive bupropion on male sexual dysfunction induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a double-b

Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological [SEP] Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.


selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SEP] he adjunctive bupropion on male sexual dysfunction induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a double-blind placebo-controlled and randomized study.

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors [SEP] Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.


bupropion [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of adjunctive bupropion sustained-release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced


sexual dysfunction [SEP] efficacy of adjunctive bupropion sustained-release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)


SD [SEP] ve bupropion sustained-release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as


selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SEP] ained-release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as SD is a common side-effect of SSRIs and the most eff


SSRI [SEP] ction (SD) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as SD is a common side-effect of SSRIs and the most effective


SSRIs [SEP] nin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as SD is a common side-effect of SSRIs and the most effective treatments have yet to be determined. PA


Erectile Dysfunction [SEP] le Function (IIEF), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) (secondary outcome

Erectile Dysfunction [SEP] The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.


Bupropion [SEP]  by the duration of SD, type of SSRI used and age. CONCLUSIONS: Bupropion is an effective treatment for male SD induced by SSRIs. These r


Lamivudine [SEP] Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatit

Lamivudine [SEP] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It i


hepatitis B [SEP] Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBSAG) serop

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


hepatitis-B surface antigen [SEP] ivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBSAG) seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemo

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens [SEP] Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several s


HBSAG [SEP]  hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBSAG) seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy


cancer [SEP] eactivation in hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBSAG) seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


Hepatitis B [SEP] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease


liver disease [SEP] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Cancer patients who are chronic carriers of HBV have

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


Cancer [SEP]  is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Cancer patients who are chronic carriers of HBV have a higher hepatic


hepatic complication [SEP] . Cancer patients who are chronic carriers of HBV have a higher hepatic complication rate while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) and this has m


cancer [SEP]  has mainly been attributed to HBV reactivation. In this study, cancer patients who have solid and hematological malignancies with chr


hematological malignancies [SEP] reactivation. In this study, cancer patients who have solid and hematological malignancies with chronic HBV infection received the antiviral agent lamivud

Hematologic Neoplasms [SEP] Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the vari


HBV infection [SEP] ents who have solid and hematological malignancies with chronic HBV infection received the antiviral agent lamivudine prior and during CT com


lamivudine [SEP] nancies with chronic HBV infection received the antiviral agent lamivudine prior and during CT compared with historical control group who


lamivudin [SEP] nancies with chronic HBV infection received the antiviral agent lamivudine prior and during CT compared with historical control group who


hepatitis [SEP] f our control group (n= 50), 21 patients (42%) were established hepatitis. Twelve (24%) of them were evaluated as severe hepatitis. In th

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


alanine [SEP] rison of the mean ALT values revealed significantly higher mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values in the control group than the pro

Alanine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transaminatio


nucleoside [SEP] y. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate nucleoside or nucleotide analogue for antiviral prophylaxis during CT and

Nucleosides [SEP] Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)


nucleotide [SEP] dies are needed to determine the most appropriate nucleoside or nucleotide analogue for antiviral prophylaxis during CT and the optimal du

Nucleotides [SEP] The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar


Ginsenoside Rg1 [SEP] Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the impairment of learning induced by chronic morphine

ginsenoside Rg1 [SEP]


impairment of learning [SEP] Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the impairment of learning induced by chronic morphine administration in rats.

Learning Disorders [SEP] Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to


morphine [SEP] side Rg1 restores the impairment of learning induced by chronic morphine administration in rats.

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


Rg1 [SEP] Rg1, as a ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng, could ameliorat

ginsenoside Rg1 [SEP]


ginsenoside [SEP] Rg1, as a ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng, could ameliorate spatial learning

Ginsenosides [SEP] Dammarane type triterpene saponins based mainly on the aglycones, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol.


learning impairment [SEP] senoside extracted from Panax ginseng, could ameliorate spatial learning impairment. Previous studies have demonstrated that Rg1 might be a useful


morphine [SEP] gent for the prevention and treatment of the adverse effects of morphine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rg1 on


Morphine [SEP] he Morris water maze. The results showed that rats treated with Morphine/Rg1 decreased escape latency and increased the time spent in pl


N-methyl-D-aspartate [SEP] rphine/Rg1-treated rats; this restoration could be inhibited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK801. We conclude that Rg1 may sign

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


NMDA [SEP] s; this restoration could be inhibited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK801. We conclude that Rg1 may significan


MK801 [SEP] be inhibited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK801. We conclude that Rg1 may significantly improve the spatial lea

Dizocilpine Maleate [SEP] A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The dr


heparin [SEP] A study on the effect of the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection on bruising and pain.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


bruising [SEP] the effect of the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection on bruising and pain.

Contusions [SEP] Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.


pain [SEP]  the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection on bruising and pain.

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


bruising [SEP] as carried out to determine the effect of injection duration on bruising and pain following the administration of the subcutaneous injec


pain [SEP] t to determine the effect of injection duration on bruising and pain following the administration of the subcutaneous injection of h


heparin [SEP] n following the administration of the subcutaneous injection of heparin. BACKGROUND: Although different methods to prevent bruising and


Heparin [SEP] d of 50 patients to whom subcutaneous heparin was administered. Heparin was injected over 10 seconds on the right abdominal site and 30


Pain [SEP] he size of the bruising was smaller in the 30-second injection. Pain intensity and pain period were statistically significantly lowe


reserpine [SEP] Acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain

Reserpine [SEP] An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into st


haloperidol [SEP] Acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elici

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


glutamate [SEP] and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elicit orofacial dyskinesia in rats.

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


orofacial dyskinesia [SEP] reatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elicit orofacial dyskinesia in rats.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Reserpine [SEP] Reserpine- and haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia are putative anim


haloperidol [SEP] Reserpine- and haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia are putative animal models of tard


orofacial dyskinesia [SEP] Reserpine- and haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia are putative animal models of tardive dyskinesia (TD) whose pat


tardive dyskinesia [SEP] idol-induced orofacial dyskinesia are putative animal models of tardive dyskinesia (TD) whose pathophysiology has been related to free radical gen


TD [SEP] al dyskinesia are putative animal models of tardive dyskinesia (TD) whose pathophysiology has been related to free radical generat


reserpine [SEP] resent study, the authors induced orofacial dyskinesia by acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol administration to rats. Reserpine in


Haloperidol [SEP] sion and duration of facial twitching, compared to the control. Haloperidol administration (one dose of 12 mg/kg once a week s.c.) for 4 we


glutamate [SEP] y evaluations. After the treatments and behavioral observation, glutamate uptake by segments of the brain was analyzed. A decreased gluta


orofacial diskinesia [SEP] take correlates negatively with an increase in the incidence of orofacial diskinesia. These results indicate that early changes in glutamate transpo


Acute psychosis [SEP] Acute psychosis due to treatment with phenytoin in a nonepileptic patient.

Psychoses, Substance-Induced [SEP] Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.


phenytoin [SEP] Acute psychosis due to treatment with phenytoin in a nonepileptic patient.

Phenytoin [SEP] An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mec


psychosis [SEP] The development of psychosis related to antiepileptic drug treatment is usually attributed t


epileptic [SEP] The development of psychosis related to antiepileptic drug treatment is usually attributed to the interaction between

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


phenytoin [SEP] ase of a nonepileptic patient who developed psychosis following phenytoin treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is described. This case sugg


trigeminal neuralgia [SEP] tient who developed psychosis following phenytoin treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is described. This case suggests that the psychotic symptoms th

Trigeminal Neuralgia [SEP] A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distributio


psychotic symptoms [SEP]  trigeminal neuralgia is described. This case suggests that the psychotic symptoms that occur following phenytoin treatment in some epileptic pati


seizures [SEP] c patients may be the direct result of medication, unrelated to seizures.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


gum Arabic [SEP] The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study.

Gum Arabic [SEP] Powdered exudate from various Acacia species, especially A. senegal (Leguminosae). It forms mucilage or syrup in water. Gum arab


gentamicin [SEP] The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study.

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


nephrotoxicity [SEP] The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


gum Arabic [SEP] e present work we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicit


acute renal failure [SEP]  we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated wi

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


gentamicin [SEP] tment of rats with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/k


GM [SEP] s with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of


nephrotoxicity [SEP] th gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of distilled water


Nephrotoxicity [SEP] amuscularly, during the last six days of the treatment period). Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and


creatinine [SEP]  Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kid

Creatinine [SEP]


urea [SEP]  was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney corte

Urea [SEP] A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of prote


glutathione [SEP] concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examinatio

Glutathione [SEP] A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some en


GSH [SEP] s of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examination of


tubular necrosis [SEP]  to 27% in the cellulose plus GM group) The GM-induced proximal tubular necrosis appeared to be slightly less severe in rats given GM together w

Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute [SEP] Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure


chronic renal failure [SEP] fect of the treatments on renal functional aspects in models of chronic renal failure, and on the mechanism(s) involved.

Kidney Failure, Chronic [SEP] The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the l


Visual hallucinations [SEP] Visual hallucinations associated with zonisamide.

Hallucinations [SEP] Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real.


zonisamide [SEP] Visual hallucinations associated with zonisamide.

zonisamide [SEP]


Zonisamide [SEP] Zonisamide is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat various ty

zonisamide [SEP]


seizures [SEP] road-spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat various types of seizures. Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an ad


visual hallucinations [SEP] pileptic drug used to treat various types of seizures. Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent, we d


zonisamide [SEP] d complex visual hallucinations and altered mental status after zonisamide treatment was begun or its dosage increased. All three had been

zonisamide [SEP]


epilepsy [SEP] its dosage increased. All three had been diagnosed earlier with epilepsy, and their electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were abnormal. D


tyrosine [SEP] GLEPP1 receptor tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat PAN nephrosis. A marker of acute pod

Tyrosine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HO


PAN [SEP] GLEPP1 receptor tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat PAN nephrosis. A marker of acute podocyte injury.

Puromycin Aminonucleoside [SEP] PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineopl


nephrosis [SEP] GLEPP1 receptor tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpro) in rat PAN nephrosis. A marker of acute podocyte injury.

Nephrosis [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secon


tyrosine [SEP] lial protein 1 (GLEPP1) is a podocyte receptor membrane protein tyrosine phosphatase located on the apical cell membrane of visceral glo


glomerular injury [SEP] cess. To better understand the utility of GLEPP1 as a marker of glomerular injury, the amount and distribution of GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were ex


Puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] Nase protection assay in a model of podocyte injury in the rat. Puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of pu


nephrosis [SEP]  model of podocyte injury in the rat. Puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin am


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] de nephrosis was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN, 20 mg/100g BW). Tissues were analyzed at 0, 5, 7, 11, 21,


PAN [SEP]  single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN, 20 mg/100g BW). Tissues were analyzed at 0, 5, 7, 11, 21, 45,


proteinuria [SEP] ys after PAN injection so as to include both the acute phase of proteinuria associated with foot process effacement (days 5-11) and the chr

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


glomerulosclerosis [SEP] days 5-11) and the chronic phase of proteinuria associated with glomerulosclerosis (days 45-126). At day 5, GLEPP1 protein and mRNA were reduced f

Glomerulonephritis [SEP] Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including anti


Ticlopidine [SEP] Ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia: report of three Chinese patients and r

Ticlopidine [SEP] An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.


aplastic anemia [SEP] Ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia: report of three Chinese patients and review of the literature.

Anemia, Aplastic [SEP] A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.


ticlopidine [SEP] In this study, three Chinese patients with ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia were reported and another 13 patients i


aplastic anemia [SEP] In this study, three Chinese patients with ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia were reported and another 13 patients in the English literature


Agranulocytosis [SEP]  old age may be a risk factor for developing this complication. Agranulocytosis occurred 3-20 weeks after initiation of ticlopidine, so frequen

Agranulocytosis [SEP] A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).


bone marrow suppression [SEP] rrelation between the dose or duration used and the severity of bone marrow suppression. Treatment for ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia with colony-

Bone Marrow Diseases [SEP]


calcium [SEP] fect. The fact that 5 of the 6 patients who received concurrent calcium channel blockers died, should alert clinicians to be more cauti

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


morphine [SEP] Facilitation of memory retrieval by pre-test morphine and its state dependency in the step-through type passive avoid

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


Amnesia [SEP] Amnesia produced by scopolamine and cycloheximide were reversed by morp

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


scopolamine [SEP] Amnesia produced by scopolamine and cycloheximide were reversed by morphine given 30 min before

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


cycloheximide [SEP] Amnesia produced by scopolamine and cycloheximide were reversed by morphine given 30 min before the test trial (p

Cycloheximide [SEP] Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation duri


morphine [SEP] esia produced by scopolamine and cycloheximide were reversed by morphine given 30 min before the test trial (pre-test), and pre-test mor


naloxone [SEP] so facilitated the memory retrieval in the animals administered naloxone during the training trial. Similarly, pre-test scopolamine part

Naloxone [SEP] A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid recepto


amnesia [SEP] pre-test scopolamine partially reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia, but not significantly; and pre-test cycloheximide failed to re


Apomorphine [SEP] induced behavioral and neurophysiological responses in rodents. Apomorphine, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its bipha

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


dopamine agonist [SEP] physiological responses in rodents. Apomorphine, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its biphasic behavioral effects, its abili

Dopamine Agonists [SEP] Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.


hypothermia [SEP] d due to its biphasic behavioral effects, its ability to induce hypothermia, and to produce distinct changes to dopamine turnover in the ro

Hypothermia [SEP] Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.


dopamine [SEP] physiological responses in rodents. Apomorphine, a nonselective dopamine agonist, was selected due to its biphasic behavioral effects, i

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


apomorphine [SEP] iments there is evidence that characterization and detection of apomorphine-induced activity in rodents critically depends upon the test co


hyperactivity [SEP]  conditions employed. In rats, detection of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity was facilitated by a period of acclimatization to the test cond

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


Dopamine [SEP] ced locomotion was more prominent in the novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in


DOPAC [SEP] ominent in the novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid [SEP] A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.


DA [SEP] t in the novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed to


HVA [SEP] e novel exploratory box. Dopamine turnover ratios (DOPAC:DA and HVA:DA) were found to be lower in those animals exposed to the expl

Homovanillic Acid [SEP]