anemia [SEP]  cefazedone to beagle dogs caused a dose-dependent incidence of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia after 1-3 months of treatmen

Anemia [SEP] A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.


neutropenia [SEP] one to beagle dogs caused a dose-dependent incidence of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia after 1-3 months of treatment. A nonregen

Neutropenia [SEP] A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


thrombocytopenia [SEP] s caused a dose-dependent incidence of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia after 1-3 months of treatment. A nonregenerative anemia was the

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


cytopenias [SEP] ment. A nonregenerative anemia was the most compromising of the cytopenias and occurred in approximately 50% of dogs receiving 400-500 mg/

Hematologic Diseases [SEP] Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.


cephalosporin [SEP] d platelets (hours to a few days). Upon rechallenge with either cephalosporin, the hematologic syndrome was reproduced in most dogs tested; c

Cephalosporins [SEP] A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moie


hematologic syndrome [SEP] to a few days). Upon rechallenge with either cephalosporin, the hematologic syndrome was reproduced in most dogs tested; cefonicid (but not cefazedo


hemolytic [SEP] e in red cell mass parameters of affected dogs, suggests that a hemolytic component complicated the red cell production problem and that

Hemolysis [SEP] The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and change


cytopenia [SEP] d a dose-dependent incidence of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia after 1-3 months of treatment. A nonregenerative anemia was the


hematotoxicity [SEP] ion of high doses of cefonicid or cefazedone to dogs can induce hematotoxicity similar to the cephalosporin-induced blood dyscrasias described


pyridoxine [SEP] A pyridoxine-dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid.

Pyridoxine [SEP] The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, n


behavioral disorder [SEP] A pyridoxine-dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid.

Child Behavior Disorders [SEP] Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depr


isoniazid [SEP] A pyridoxine-dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid.

Isoniazid [SEP] Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.


behavioral deterioration [SEP] A 3-year-old girl had behavioral deterioration, with hyperkinesis, irritability, and sleeping difficulties aft


hyperkinesis [SEP] A 3-year-old girl had behavioral deterioration, with hyperkinesis, irritability, and sleeping difficulties after the therapeutic

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


irritability [SEP] -year-old girl had behavioral deterioration, with hyperkinesis, irritability, and sleeping difficulties after the therapeutic administration

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


sleeping difficulties [SEP]  behavioral deterioration, with hyperkinesis, irritability, and sleeping difficulties after the therapeutic administration of isoniazid. The administ

Sleep Disorders [SEP] Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major c


isoniazid [SEP] d sleeping difficulties after the therapeutic administration of isoniazid. The administration of pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine hydroc


pyridoxine hydrochloride [SEP] tion of isoniazid. The administration of pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride led to a disappearance of symptoms. After discontinuing isoniaz


pyridoxine [SEP] tion of isoniazid. The administration of pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride led to a disappearance of symptoms. After discont


niacinamide [SEP] that was controlled by pyridoxine. A placebo had no effect, but niacinamide was as effective as pyridoxine. Periodic withdrawal of pyridoxi

Niacinamide [SEP] An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure


pyridoxal [SEP] ne was associated with return of the hyperkinesis. The level of pyridoxal in the blood was normal during the periods of relapse. Metaboli

Pyridoxal [SEP] The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino a


kynurenine [SEP]  periods of relapse. Metabolic studies suggested a block in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The patient has been followed

Kynurenine [SEP]


tryptophan [SEP] etabolic studies suggested a block in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The patient has been followed for six years and has

Tryptophan [SEP] An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of


dopamine [SEP] A selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, NRA0160: a preclinical neuropharmacolog

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


NRA0160 [SEP] A selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, NRA0160: a preclinical neuropharmacological profile.

NRA 0160 [SEP]


NRA0160 [SEP] NRA0160, 5 - [2- ( 4- ( 3 - fluorobenzylidene) piperidin-1-yl) ethyl] -

NRA 0160 [SEP]


5 - [2- ( 4- ( 3 - fluorobenzylidene) piperidin-1-yl) ethyl] - 4 -(4-fluorophenyl) thiazole-2-carboxamide [SEP] NRA0160, 5 - [2- ( 4- ( 3 - fluorobenzylidene) piperidin-1-yl) ethyl] - 4 -(4-fluorophenyl) thiazole-2-carboxamide, has a high affinity for human cloned dopamine D4.2, D4.4 and D

NRA 0160 [SEP]


dopamine [SEP] l) thiazole-2-carboxamide, has a high affinity for human cloned dopamine D4.2, D4.4 and D4.7 receptors, with Ki values of 0.5, 0.9 and 2


serotonin [SEP] inity for the human cloned dopamine D3 receptor (Ki=39 nM), rat serotonin (5-HT)2A receptors (Ki=180 nM) and rat alpha1 adrenoceptor (Ki=

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


5-HT [SEP] he human cloned dopamine D3 receptor (Ki=39 nM), rat serotonin (5-HT)2A receptors (Ki=180 nM) and rat alpha1 adrenoceptor (Ki=237 nM


clozapine [SEP] Ki=180 nM) and rat alpha1 adrenoceptor (Ki=237 nM). NRA0160 and clozapine antagonized locomotor hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine

Clozapine [SEP] A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system rec


hyperactivity [SEP] ceptor (Ki=237 nM). NRA0160 and clozapine antagonized locomotor hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine (MAP) in mice. NRA0160 and clozapine


methamphetamine [SEP] 60 and clozapine antagonized locomotor hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine (MAP) in mice. NRA0160 and clozapine antagonized MAP-induced st

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


MAP [SEP] antagonized locomotor hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine (MAP) in mice. NRA0160 and clozapine antagonized MAP-induced stereot


catalepsy [SEP] highest dose given. NRA0160 and clozapine significantly induced catalepsy in rats, although their effects did not exceed 50% induction ev

Catalepsy [SEP] A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. Th


apomorphine [SEP] the disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) in rats produced by apomorphine. NRA0160 and clozapine significantly shortened the phencyclidin

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


phencyclidine [SEP]  apomorphine. NRA0160 and clozapine significantly shortened the phencyclidine (PCP)-induced prolonged swimming latency in rats in a water maz

Phencyclidine [SEP] A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is simila


PCP [SEP] RA0160 and clozapine significantly shortened the phencyclidine (PCP)-induced prolonged swimming latency in rats in a water maze tas


cholestasis [SEP] Prolonged cholestasis after troleandomycin-induced acute hepatitis.

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


troleandomycin [SEP] Prolonged cholestasis after troleandomycin-induced acute hepatitis.

Troleandomycin [SEP] A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.


hepatitis [SEP] Prolonged cholestasis after troleandomycin-induced acute hepatitis.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


troleandomycin [SEP] We report the case of a patient in whom troleandomycin-induced hepatitis was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestas


hepatitis [SEP] We report the case of a patient in whom troleandomycin-induced hepatitis was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestasis. Jaundice occur


cholestasis [SEP] andomycin-induced hepatitis was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestasis. Jaundice occurred after administration of troleandomycin for 7


Jaundice [SEP] uced hepatitis was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestasis. Jaundice occurred after administration of troleandomycin for 7 days and

Jaundice [SEP] A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA


hypereosinophilia [SEP] nistration of troleandomycin for 7 days and was associated with hypereosinophilia. Jaundice disappeared within 3 months but was followed by prolo

Eosinophilia [SEP] Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.


pruritus [SEP] s but was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestasis marked by pruritus and high levels of alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyltransf

Pruritus [SEP] An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.


Lovastatin [SEP] Lovastatin and simvastatin are the 2 best-known members of the class of hy

Lovastatin [SEP] A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits


simvastatin [SEP] Lovastatin and simvastatin are the 2 best-known members of the class of hypolipidaemic age

Simvastatin [SEP] A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLU


lovastatin [SEP] known as HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Clinical experience with lovastatin includes over 5000 patients, 700 of whom have been treated for


cholesterol [SEP] ts show substantial clinical efficacy, with reductions in total cholesterol of over 30% and in LDL-cholesterol of 40% in clinical studies.

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


creatine [SEP] nd reversible when therapy is discontinued. Minor elevations of creatine kinase levels are reported in about 5% of patients. Myopathy, a

Creatine [SEP] An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Cr


Myopathy [SEP] of creatine kinase levels are reported in about 5% of patients. Myopathy, associated in some cases with myoglobinuria, and in 2 cases wi

Muscular Diseases [SEP] Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.


myoglobinuria [SEP] n about 5% of patients. Myopathy, associated in some cases with myoglobinuria, and in 2 cases with transient renal failure, has been rarely r

Myoglobinuria [SEP]


renal failure [SEP] in some cases with myoglobinuria, and in 2 cases with transient renal failure, has been rarely reported with lovastatin, especially in patien

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


cyclosporin [SEP] h lovastatin, especially in patients concomitantly treated with cyclosporin, gemfibrozil or niacin. Lovastatin and simvastatin are both eff

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


gemfibrozil [SEP]  especially in patients concomitantly treated with cyclosporin, gemfibrozil or niacin. Lovastatin and simvastatin are both effective and we

Gemfibrozil [SEP] A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction


niacin [SEP] patients concomitantly treated with cyclosporin, gemfibrozil or niacin. Lovastatin and simvastatin are both effective and well-tolerat

Niacin [SEP] A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the forma


hypercholesterolaemia [SEP]  will gain increasing importance in the therapeutic approach to hypercholesterolaemia and its consequences.

Hypercholesterolemia [SEP] A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th per


Sulfasalazine [SEP] Sulfasalazine-induced lupus erythematosus.

Sulfasalazine [SEP] A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabol


lupus erythematosus [SEP] Sulfasalazine-induced lupus erythematosus.

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [SEP] A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by


Pneumonitis [SEP] Pneumonitis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of car

Pneumonia [SEP] Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.


pleural effusions [SEP] Pneumonitis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and positive

Pleural Effusion [SEP] Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a si


cardiac tamponade [SEP] tis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and positive autoantibodies developed in a 43-year-old man, wh

Cardiac Tamponade [SEP] Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding t


sulfasalazine [SEP] ies developed in a 43-year-old man, who was receiving long-term sulfasalazine therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis. After cessation of the


ulcerative colitis [SEP] , who was receiving long-term sulfasalazine therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis. After cessation of the sulfasalazine and completion of a six-w

Colitis, Ulcerative [SEP] Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, th


lupus [SEP] ths. It is suggested that the patient had sulfasalazine-induced lupus, which manifested with serositis and pulmonary parenchymal invo


serositis [SEP]  patient had sulfasalazine-induced lupus, which manifested with serositis and pulmonary parenchymal involvement in the absence of joint s

Serositis [SEP] Inflammation of a serous membrane.


inflammatory bowel disease [SEP] mptoms. Physicians who use sulfasalazine to treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be aware of the signs of sulfasalazine-induced lupus syn

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [SEP] Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes C


lupus syndrome [SEP] l disease should be aware of the signs of sulfasalazine-induced lupus syndrome.


levodopa [SEP] Optimization of levodopa therapy.

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


levodopa [SEP] While there is no single correct starting dose for levodopa therapy, many individuals can be started on either the 25/100 o


carbidopa [SEP] e formula, following the general rule not to attempt to titrate carbidopa-levodopa to the point of "normality," which can lead to toxicit

Carbidopa [SEP] An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce per


toxicity [SEP] rbidopa-levodopa to the point of "normality," which can lead to toxicity. The physician should also determine the proper use of any adju

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


dopamine [SEP] utic approaches, such as dosage adjustment or introduction of a dopamine agonist. Other possible adverse effects--such as gastrointestin

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


gastrointestinal disorders [SEP]  of a dopamine agonist. Other possible adverse effects--such as gastrointestinal disorders, orthostatic hypotension, levodopa-induced psychosis, sleep dis

Gastrointestinal Diseases [SEP] Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.


orthostatic hypotension [SEP] r possible adverse effects--such as gastrointestinal disorders, orthostatic hypotension, levodopa-induced psychosis, sleep disturbances or parasomnias,

Hypotension, Orthostatic [SEP] A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a


psychosis [SEP] intestinal disorders, orthostatic hypotension, levodopa-induced psychosis, sleep disturbances or parasomnias, or drug interactions--also

Psychotic Disorders [SEP] Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent halluc


sleep disturbances [SEP] disorders, orthostatic hypotension, levodopa-induced psychosis, sleep disturbances or parasomnias, or drug interactions--also require carefully mo

Sleep Disorders [SEP] Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major c


parasomnias [SEP]  hypotension, levodopa-induced psychosis, sleep disturbances or parasomnias, or drug interactions--also require carefully monitored individ

Parasomnias [SEP] Movements or behaviors associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from sleep that may impair sleep maintenance. Pa


Parkinson's disease [SEP] ed individual treatment. Nonpharmacologic concerns can help the Parkinson's disease patient achieve and maintain optimal functioning, including dai

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


coma [SEP] Alpha and beta coma in drug intoxication uncomplicated by cerebral hypoxia.

Coma [SEP] A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Com


cerebral hypoxia [SEP] Alpha and beta coma in drug intoxication uncomplicated by cerebral hypoxia.

Hypoxia, Brain [SEP] A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to


comatose [SEP] Four patients who were rendered comatose or stuporous by drug intoxication, but who were not hypoxic, ar


stuporous [SEP] Four patients who were rendered comatose or stuporous by drug intoxication, but who were not hypoxic, are described.

Stupor [SEP] A state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from COMA in that the person can be aroused by vig


chlormethiazole [SEP] t hypoxic, are described. Three patients received high doses of chlormethiazole for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and one took a suicidal overdo

Chlormethiazole [SEP] A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neu


alcohol [SEP] ibed. Three patients received high doses of chlormethiazole for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and one took a suicidal overdose of nitraz

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


withdrawal symptoms [SEP] ree patients received high doses of chlormethiazole for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and one took a suicidal overdose of nitrazepam. The patient wi

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome [SEP] Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or hab


overdose [SEP] iazole for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and one took a suicidal overdose of nitrazepam. The patient with nitrazepam overdose and two of

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


nitrazepam [SEP] lcohol withdrawal symptoms, and one took a suicidal overdose of nitrazepam. The patient with nitrazepam overdose and two of those with chl

Nitrazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.


coma [SEP] Four patients who were rendered comatose or stuporous by drug intoxication, but who were not hypoxic


neurological sequelae [SEP] y in the slow beta range. All four recovered completely without neurological sequelae following the withdrawal of the offending agents. The similarit

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


depression [SEP] s between the effects of structural lesions and pharmacological depression of the brain stem reticular formation are discussed. It is sugg

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


hypoxaemia [SEP] ure is seen in drug intoxication, in the absence of significant hypoxaemia, a favourable outcome may be anticipated.

Anoxia [SEP] Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.


fentanyl [SEP] Omitting fentanyl reduces nausea and vomiting, without increasing pain, after sev

Fentanyl [SEP] A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is


nausea [SEP] Omitting fentanyl reduces nausea and vomiting, without increasing pain, after sevoflurane for da

Nausea [SEP] An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and moti


vomiting [SEP] Omitting fentanyl reduces nausea and vomiting, without increasing pain, after sevoflurane for day surgery.

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


pain [SEP] itting fentanyl reduces nausea and vomiting, without increasing pain, after sevoflurane for day surgery.

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


sevoflurane [SEP] nyl reduces nausea and vomiting, without increasing pain, after sevoflurane for day surgery.

sevoflurane [SEP]


sevoflurane [SEP] ite advantages of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane, postoperative nausea and vomiting occurs frequently. Fentanyl

sevoflurane [SEP]


postoperative nausea and vomiting [SEP] s of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane, postoperative nausea and vomiting occurs frequently. Fentanyl is a commonly used supplement that

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting [SEP] Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.


Fentanyl [SEP] voflurane, postoperative nausea and vomiting occurs frequently. Fentanyl is a commonly used supplement that may contribute to this, alth


pain [SEP] incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting and pain in the first 24 h after sevoflurane anaesthesia in 216 adult da


fentanyl [SEP] ts were randomly allocated to either receive or not receive 1 1 fentanyl, while a third group received dexamethasone in addition to fent


dexamethasone [SEP] ceive or not receive 1 1 fentanyl, while a third group received dexamethasone in addition to fentanyl. RESULTS: Omission of fentanyl did not

Dexamethasone [SEP] An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.


vomiting [SEP] nance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane, postoperative nausea and vomiting occurs frequently. Fentanyl is a commonly used supplement that


nausea [SEP]  and maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane, postoperative nausea and vomiting occurs frequently. Fentanyl is a commonly used sup


Dexamethasone [SEP]  requirements were reduced from 24% and 31% to 7% (P = 0.0012). Dexamethasone had no significant effect on the incidence or severity of posto


Pain [SEP] ea in the first 24 h was decreased from 42% to 27% (P = 0.034). Pain severity and analgesic requirements were unaffected by the omis


respiratory depression [SEP] ve movement but had no sevoflurane-sparing effect and increased respiratory depression, hypotension and bradycardia. CONCLUSION: As fentanyl exacerbat

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


hypotension [SEP] evoflurane-sparing effect and increased respiratory depression, hypotension and bradycardia. CONCLUSION: As fentanyl exacerbated postoperat

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


bradycardia [SEP] ng effect and increased respiratory depression, hypotension and bradycardia. CONCLUSION: As fentanyl exacerbated postoperative nausea and v

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


postoperative pain [SEP] ted postoperative nausea and vomiting without an improvement in postoperative pain and also had adverse cardiorespiratory effects, it appears to b

Pain, Postoperative [SEP] Pain during the period after surgery.


Renal Fanconi syndrome [SEP] Renal Fanconi syndrome and myopathy after liver transplantation: drug-related mitochon

Fanconi Syndrome [SEP] A hereditary or acquired form of generalized dysfunction of the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE without primary involvement of the KIDNEY


myopathy [SEP] Renal Fanconi syndrome and myopathy after liver transplantation: drug-related mitochondrial cytopat

Muscular Diseases [SEP] Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.


mitochondrial cytopathy [SEP] syndrome and myopathy after liver transplantation: drug-related mitochondrial cytopathy?

Mitochondrial cytopathy [SEP]


Wilson's disease [SEP] yr-old girl who had orthotopic liver transplantation because of Wilson's disease. Tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids were given as immunosuppressant.

Hepatolenticular Degeneration [SEP] A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It i


Tacrolimus [SEP] d orthotopic liver transplantation because of Wilson's disease. Tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids were given as immunosuppressant. Lamivudine

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


steroids [SEP] ansplantation because of Wilson's disease. Tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids were given as immunosuppressant. Lamivudine was added because o

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


Lamivudine [SEP]  Tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids were given as immunosuppressant. Lamivudine was added because of de nova hepatitis B infection during her f

Lamivudine [SEP] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It i


hepatitis B infection [SEP] n as immunosuppressant. Lamivudine was added because of de nova hepatitis B infection during her follow-up. Three yr after transplantation she develo

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


renal Fanconi syndrome [SEP] ing her follow-up. Three yr after transplantation she developed renal Fanconi syndrome with severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, a


metabolic acidosis [SEP] ransplantation she developed renal Fanconi syndrome with severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Although tacr

Acidosis [SEP] A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and me


hypophosphatemia [SEP] eveloped renal Fanconi syndrome with severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Although tacrolimus was suspect

Hypophosphatemia [SEP] A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.


glycosuria [SEP] coni syndrome with severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Although tacrolimus was suspected to be the

Glycosuria [SEP] The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to H


aminoaciduria [SEP] th severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Although tacrolimus was suspected to be the cause of late post

Renal Aminoacidurias [SEP] A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations


tacrolimus [SEP] osis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Although tacrolimus was suspected to be the cause of late post-transplant renal aci


acidosis [SEP] tion she developed renal Fanconi syndrome with severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Although tacr


sirolimus [SEP] ause of late post-transplant renal acidosis and was replaced by sirolimus, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance got worse. Proximal muscle

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


muscle weakness [SEP] olimus, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance got worse. Proximal muscle weakness has developed during her follow-up. Fanconi syndrome, as well a

Muscle Weakness [SEP] A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be character


Fanconi syndrome [SEP] r follow-up. Three yr after transplantation she developed renal Fanconi syndrome with severe metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, a


myopathy [SEP] as developed during her follow-up. Fanconi syndrome, as well as myopathy, is well recognized in patients with mitochondrial disorders an


mitochondrial disorders [SEP] drome, as well as myopathy, is well recognized in patients with mitochondrial disorders and caused by depletion of mtDNA. We suggest that our patient's

Mitochondrial Diseases [SEP] Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondri


tubular dysfunction [SEP] and caused by depletion of mtDNA. We suggest that our patient's tubular dysfunction and myopathy may have resulted from mitochondrial dysfunction w


mitochondrial dysfunction [SEP] tient's tubular dysfunction and myopathy may have resulted from mitochondrial dysfunction which is triggered by tacrolimus and augmented by lamivudine.


lamivudine [SEP] l dysfunction which is triggered by tacrolimus and augmented by lamivudine.


thioperamide [SEP] Antipsychotic-like profile of thioperamide, a selective H3-receptor antagonist in mice.

thioperamide [SEP]


schizophrenia [SEP] o a role of central histaminergic system in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The present study was designed to study the effect of histamin

Schizophrenia [SEP] A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALL


histamine [SEP] Experimental and clinical evidence points to a role of central histaminergic system in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The present st

Histamine [SEP] An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of br


catalepsy [SEP] ffect of histamine H(3)-receptor ligands on neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, apomorphine-induced climbing behavior and amphetamine-induced

Catalepsy [SEP] A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. Th


apomorphine [SEP] stamine H(3)-receptor ligands on neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, apomorphine-induced climbing behavior and amphetamine-induced locomotor act

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


amphetamine [SEP] ic-induced catalepsy, apomorphine-induced climbing behavior and amphetamine-induced locomotor activities in mice. Catalepsy was induced by

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


Catalepsy [SEP]  behavior and amphetamine-induced locomotor activities in mice. Catalepsy was induced by haloperidol (2 mg/kg p.o.), while apomorphine (1


haloperidol [SEP] -induced locomotor activities in mice. Catalepsy was induced by haloperidol (2 mg/kg p.o.), while apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg s.c.) and amphetam

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


(R)-alpha-methylhistamine [SEP] dying climbing behavior and locomotor activities, respectively. (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (5 microg i.c.v.) and thioperamide (THP) (15 mg/kg i.p.)

alpha-methylhistamine [SEP]


RAMH [SEP]  locomotor activities, respectively. (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (5 microg i.c.v.) and thioperamide (THP) (15 mg/kg i.p.), per

alpha-methylhistamine [SEP]


thioperamide [SEP] ctively. (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (5 microg i.c.v.) and thioperamide (THP) (15 mg/kg i.p.), per se did not cause catalepsy. Administ

thioperamide [SEP]


THP [SEP] lpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (5 microg i.c.v.) and thioperamide (THP) (15 mg/kg i.p.), per se did not cause catalepsy. Administratio

thioperamide [SEP]


hyperactivity [SEP] er se had no effect on these parameters. On amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, THP (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg i.p.) reduced locomotor time, distance

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


propafenone [SEP] Transient platypnea-orthodeoxia-like syndrome induced by propafenone overdose in a young woman with Ebstein's anomaly.

Propafenone [SEP] An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.


overdose [SEP] ient platypnea-orthodeoxia-like syndrome induced by propafenone overdose in a young woman with Ebstein's anomaly.

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


Ebstein's anomaly [SEP]  syndrome induced by propafenone overdose in a young woman with Ebstein's anomaly.

Ebstein Anomaly [SEP] A congenital heart defect characterized by downward or apical displacement of the TRICUSPID VALVE, usually with the septal and p


Ebstein's anomaly [SEP] s report we describe the case of a 37-year-old white woman with Ebstein's anomaly, who developed a rare syndrome called platypnea-orthodeoxia, ch


hypoxia [SEP] sive right-to-left interatrial shunting with transient profound hypoxia and cyanosis. This shunt of blood via a patent foramen ovale oc

Anoxia [SEP] Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.


cyanosis [SEP] o-left interatrial shunting with transient profound hypoxia and cyanosis. This shunt of blood via a patent foramen ovale occurred in the

Cyanosis [SEP] A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin


patent foramen ovale [SEP] nsient profound hypoxia and cyanosis. This shunt of blood via a patent foramen ovale occurred in the presence of a normal pulmonary artery pressure,

Foramen Ovale, Patent [SEP] A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communi


propafenone [SEP] l pulmonary artery pressure, and was probably precipitated by a propafenone overdose. This drug caused biventricular dysfunction, due to it


overdose [SEP] artery pressure, and was probably precipitated by a propafenone overdose. This drug caused biventricular dysfunction, due to its negativ


biventricular dysfunction [SEP] obably precipitated by a propafenone overdose. This drug caused biventricular dysfunction, due to its negative inotropic effect, and hypotension, due to

Ventricular Dysfunction [SEP] A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.


hypotension [SEP] tricular dysfunction, due to its negative inotropic effect, and hypotension, due to its peripheral vasodilatory effect. These effects gave

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


cisplatin [SEP] A Phase II trial of cisplatin plus WR-2721 (amifostine) for metastatic breast carcinoma: an E

Cisplatin [SEP] An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and inter


WR-2721 [SEP] A Phase II trial of cisplatin plus WR-2721 (amifostine) for metastatic breast carcinoma: an Eastern Cooper

Amifostine [SEP] A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.


amifostine [SEP] A Phase II trial of cisplatin plus WR-2721 (amifostine) for metastatic breast carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncolo


breast carcinoma [SEP]  II trial of cisplatin plus WR-2721 (amifostine) for metastatic breast carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E8188).

Breast Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.


Cisplatin [SEP] BACKGROUND: Cisplatin has minimal antitumor activity when used as second- or third-li


breast carcinoma [SEP] vity when used as second- or third-line treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. Older reports suggest an objective response rate of 8% when 60


cisplatin [SEP] s suggest an objective response rate of 8% when 60-120 mg/m2 of cisplatin is administered every 3-4 weeks. Although a dose-response effec


toxicities [SEP] onse effect has been observed with cisplatin, the dose-limiting toxicities associated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, a

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


nephrotoxicity [SEP] , the dose-limiting toxicities associated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity) have limited its use as a trea

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


ototoxicity [SEP] ing toxicities associated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity) have limited its use as a treatment for bre

Hearing Disorders [SEP] Conditions that impair the transmission of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices,


neurotoxicity [SEP] sociated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity) have limited its use as a treatment for breast carcinoma. WR-2

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


WR-2721 [SEP] city) have limited its use as a treatment for breast carcinoma. WR-2721 or amifostine initially was developed to protect military perso


amifostine [SEP] limited its use as a treatment for breast carcinoma. WR-2721 or amifostine initially was developed to protect military personnel in the ev


Amifostine [SEP] oped to protect military personnel in the event of nuclear war. Amifostine subsequently was shown to protect normal tissues from the toxic


alkylating agents [SEP] y was shown to protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of alkylating agents and cisplatin without decreasing the antitumor effect of the ch

Alkylating Agents [SEP] Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper func


neuropathy [SEP]  severity of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuropathy were reduced. METHODS: A Phase II study of the combination of c

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


mannitol [SEP] /m2 was administered over 30 minutes. Intravenous hydration and mannitol was administered before and after cisplatin. Treatment was admi

Mannitol [SEP] A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from


Neurologic toxicity [SEP] atients (57%) stopped treatment because of disease progression. Neurologic toxicity was reported in 52% of patients. Seven different life-threateni


tumor [SEP] BACKGROUND: Cisplatin has minimal antitumor activity when used as second- or third-line treatment of metast

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


toxicity [SEP] dose-limiting toxicities associated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity) have limited its use as a trea


Warfarin [SEP] Warfarin-induced iliopsoas hemorrhage with subsequent femoral nerve pals

Warfarin [SEP] An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the


hemorrhage [SEP] Warfarin-induced iliopsoas hemorrhage with subsequent femoral nerve palsy.

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


femoral nerve palsy [SEP] Warfarin-induced iliopsoas hemorrhage with subsequent femoral nerve palsy.

Femoral Neuropathy [SEP] Disease involving the femoral nerve. The femoral nerve may be injured by ISCHEMIA (e.g., in association with DIABETIC NEUROPATHI


warfarin [SEP] We present the case of a 28-year-old man on chronic warfarin therapy who sustained a minor muscle tear and developed increas


muscle tear [SEP] -year-old man on chronic warfarin therapy who sustained a minor muscle tear and developed increasing pain and a flexure contracture of the

Muscular Diseases [SEP] Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.


pain [SEP] rapy who sustained a minor muscle tear and developed increasing pain and a flexure contracture of the right hip. Surgical exploratio

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


contracture [SEP] a minor muscle tear and developed increasing pain and a flexure contracture of the right hip. Surgical exploration revealed an iliopsoas he

Contracture [SEP] Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.


hematoma [SEP] re of the right hip. Surgical exploration revealed an iliopsoas hematoma and femoral nerve entrapment, resulting in a femoral nerve pals

Hematoma [SEP] A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.


nerve entrapment [SEP] Surgical exploration revealed an iliopsoas hematoma and femoral nerve entrapment, resulting in a femoral nerve palsy and partial loss of quadric

Nerve Compression Syndromes [SEP] Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerv


femoral nerve palsy [SEP] iliopsoas hematoma and femoral nerve entrapment, resulting in a femoral nerve palsy and partial loss of quadriceps functions. Anticoagulant-induced


partial loss of quadriceps functions [SEP] emoral nerve entrapment, resulting in a femoral nerve palsy and partial loss of quadriceps functions. Anticoagulant-induced femoral nerve palsy represents the most


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] nerve palsy represents the most common form of warfarin-induced peripheral neuropathy; it is characterized by severe pain in the inguinal region, var

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


motor and sensory impairment [SEP] rized by severe pain in the inguinal region, varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment, and flexure contracture of the involved extremity.

Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy [SEP] A group of slowly progressive inherited disorders affecting motor and sensory peripheral nerves. Subtypes include HMSNs I-VII. H


Myasthenia gravis [SEP] Myasthenia gravis caused by penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid

Myasthenia Gravis [SEP] A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles. Autoantibodies directed agai


penicillamine [SEP] Myasthenia gravis caused by penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Penicillamine [SEP] 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic a


chloroquine [SEP] Myasthenia gravis caused by penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Chloroquine [SEP] The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arth


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] enia gravis caused by penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid [SEP] A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular stru


myasthenia gravis [SEP]  described a unique patient who had reversible and dose-related myasthenia gravis after penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arth


penicillamine [SEP] ent who had reversible and dose-related myasthenia gravis after penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Although acet


chloroquine [SEP] ible and dose-related myasthenia gravis after penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Although acetylcholine recept


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] asthenia gravis after penicillamine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Although acetylcholine receptor antibodies were not detectable


acetylcholine [SEP] mine and chloroquine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Although acetylcholine receptor antibodies were not detectable, the time course was co

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


Nephrotoxicity [SEP] Nephrotoxicity of combined cephalothin-gentamicin regimen.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


cephalothin [SEP] Nephrotoxicity of combined cephalothin-gentamicin regimen.

Cephalothin [SEP] A cephalosporin antibiotic.


gentamicin [SEP] Nephrotoxicity of combined cephalothin-gentamicin regimen.

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


acute tubular necrosis [SEP] Two patients developed acute tubular necrosis, characterized clinically by acute oliguric renal failure, whil

Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute [SEP] Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure


oliguric [SEP] loped acute tubular necrosis, characterized clinically by acute oliguric renal failure, while they were receiving a combination of cepha

Oliguria [SEP] Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1


renal failure [SEP] te tubular necrosis, characterized clinically by acute oliguric renal failure, while they were receiving a combination of cephalothin sodium

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


cephalothin sodium [SEP] guric renal failure, while they were receiving a combination of cephalothin sodium and gentamicin sulfate therapy. Patients who are given this dru


gentamicin sulfate [SEP] ile they were receiving a combination of cephalothin sodium and gentamicin sulfate therapy. Patients who are given this drug regimen should be obs


nephrotoxicity [SEP] ug regimen should be observed very carefully for early signs of nephrotoxicity. High doses of this antibiotic combination should be avoided es


renal insufficiency [SEP] should be avoided especially in elderly patients. Patients with renal insufficiency should not be given this regimen.


dementia [SEP] Components of lemon essential oil attenuate dementia induced by scopolamine.

Dementia [SEP] An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occup


scopolamine [SEP] Components of lemon essential oil attenuate dementia induced by scopolamine.

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


dementia [SEP] The anti-dementia effects of s-limonene and s-perillyl alcohol were observed usin


s-limonene [SEP] The anti-dementia effects of s-limonene and s-perillyl alcohol were observed using the passive avoidanc

limonene [SEP]


s-perillyl alcohol [SEP] The anti-dementia effects of s-limonene and s-perillyl alcohol were observed using the passive avoidance test (PA) and the ope

perilla alcohol [SEP]


memory impaired [SEP] H). These lemon essential oils showed strong ability to improve memory impaired by scopolamine; however, s-perillyl alcohol relieved the defici

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


scopolamine [SEP] ential oils showed strong ability to improve memory impaired by scopolamine; however, s-perillyl alcohol relieved the deficit of associativ


deficit of associative memory [SEP] paired by scopolamine; however, s-perillyl alcohol relieved the deficit of associative memory in PA only, and did not improve non-associative memory signific


dopamine [SEP] concentration in some brain regions on the test day showed that dopamine concentration of the vehicle/scopolamine group was significantl

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


Ro4368554 [SEP] The selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist Ro4368554 restores memory performance in cholinergic and serotonergic mod

Ro4368554 [SEP]


memory deficiency [SEP] es memory performance in cholinergic and serotonergic models of memory deficiency in the rat.


serotonin [SEP] Antagonists at serotonin type 6 (5-HT(6)) receptors show activity in models of learning

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


5-HT [SEP] Antagonists at serotonin type 6 (5-HT(6)) receptors show activity in models of learning and memory. A


acetylcholine [SEP] e not well understood, these effects may involve an increase in acetylcholine (ACh) levels. The present study sought to characterize the cogn


ACh [SEP] rstood, these effects may involve an increase in acetylcholine (ACh) levels. The present study sought to characterize the cognitive


Ro4368554 [SEP] erize the cognitive-enhancing effects of the 5-HT(6) antagonist Ro4368554 (3-benzenesulfonyl-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)1H-indole) in a r

Ro4368554 [SEP]


3-benzenesulfonyl-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)1H-indole [SEP] ognitive-enhancing effects of the 5-HT(6) antagonist Ro4368554 (3-benzenesulfonyl-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)1H-indole) in a rat object recognition task employing a cholinergic (scop

Ro4368554 [SEP]


scopolamine [SEP] dole) in a rat object recognition task employing a cholinergic (scopolamine pretreatment) and a serotonergic- (tryptophan (TRP) depletion)


tryptophan [SEP] g a cholinergic (scopolamine pretreatment) and a serotonergic- (tryptophan (TRP) depletion) deficient model, and compared its pattern of a

Tryptophan [SEP] An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of


TRP [SEP] gic (scopolamine pretreatment) and a serotonergic- (tryptophan (TRP) depletion) deficient model, and compared its pattern of action


metrifonate [SEP] ttern of action with that of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor metrifonate. Initial testing in a time-dependent forgetting task employing

Trichlorfon [SEP] An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is als


memory deficits [SEP] (i.p.)) and metrifonate (10 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) reversed memory deficits induced by scopolamine and TRP depletion (10 mg/kg, i.p., and 3


memory deficit [SEP] (i.p.)) and metrifonate (10 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) reversed memory deficits induced by scopolamine and TRP depletion (10 mg/kg, i.p., and


atrial fibrillation [SEP] Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation.

Atrial Fibrillation [SEP] Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the


creatine [SEP] Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation.

Creatine [SEP] An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Cr


Atrial fibrillation [SEP] Atrial fibrillation in young patients without structural heart disease is rare. The


heart disease [SEP] Atrial fibrillation in young patients without structural heart disease is rare. Therefore, when the arrhythmia is present in this popu

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


arrhythmia [SEP] s without structural heart disease is rare. Therefore, when the arrhythmia is present in this population, reversible causes must be identi

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


Thyroid disorders [SEP]  population, reversible causes must be identified and resolved. Thyroid disorders, illicit drug or stimulant use, and acute alcohol intoxication

Thyroid Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.


acute alcohol intoxication [SEP] resolved. Thyroid disorders, illicit drug or stimulant use, and acute alcohol intoxication are among these causes. We report the case of a 30-year-old Cau

Alcoholic Intoxication [SEP] An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.


atrial fibrillation [SEP] -year-old Caucasian man who came to the emergency department in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. His medical history was unrema


fractures [SEP] esponse. His medical history was unremarkable, except for minor fractures of the fingers and foot. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, magnesium

Fractures, Bone [SEP] Breaks in bones.


magnesium [SEP] fractures of the fingers and foot. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, magnesium, and potassium levels were within normal limits, urine drug scr

Magnesium [SEP] A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of


potassium [SEP] e fingers and foot. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, magnesium, and potassium levels were within normal limits, urine drug screen was negativ

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


alcohol [SEP] ed. Thyroid disorders, illicit drug or stimulant use, and acute alcohol intoxication are among these causes. We report the case of a 30

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


creatine [SEP] tioned about use of herbal products and supplements, the use of creatine monohydrate was revealed. The patient was admitted to the hospi


heparin [SEP] as admitted to the hospital, anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin, and given intravenous diltiazem for rate control and intraveno

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


diltiazem [SEP] ticoagulated with unfractionated heparin, and given intravenous diltiazem for rate control and intravenous amiodarone for rate and rhythm

Diltiazem [SEP] A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.


amiodarone [SEP] nd given intravenous diltiazem for rate control and intravenous amiodarone for rate and rhythm control. When discharged less than 24 hours

Amiodarone [SEP] An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibitin


metoprolol [SEP] rol. When discharged less than 24 hours later, he was receiving metoprolol and aspirin, with follow-up plans for echocardiography and nucl

Metoprolol [SEP] A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMI


aspirin [SEP] arged less than 24 hours later, he was receiving metoprolol and aspirin, with follow-up plans for echocardiography and nuclear imaging

Aspirin [SEP] The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties a


toxicity [SEP] Comparison of developmental toxicity of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in C

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


DFU [SEP] ective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CRL:(WI)WUBR Wistar rats--DFU and piroxicam study.

5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone [SEP]


piroxicam [SEP] yclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CRL:(WI)WUBR Wistar rats--DFU and piroxicam study.

Piroxicam [SEP] A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthr


toxicity [SEP]  the most often ingested drugs during pregnancy. Unlike general toxicity data, their prenatal toxic effects were not extensively studied


piroxicam [SEP] as to evaluate the developmental toxicity of the non-selective (piroxicam) and selective (DFU; 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methy


DFU [SEP] mental toxicity of the non-selective (piroxicam) and selective (DFU; 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulphonyl) phenyl-2


5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulphonyl) phenyl-2(5H)-furanon [SEP] l toxicity of the non-selective (piroxicam) and selective (DFU; 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulphonyl) phenyl-2(5H)-furanon) COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS: Drugs were separately, orally once


midline (MD) defects [SEP] he pooled statistical analysis for ventricular septal (VSD) and midline (MD) defects was performed for rat fetuses exposed to piroxicam, selective a

Neural Tube Defects [SEP] Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during t


intrauterine growth retardation [SEP] based on present and historic data. RESULTS: Maternal toxicity, intrauterine growth retardation, and increase of external and skeletal variations were found in

Fetal Growth Retardation [SEP] The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.


increase of external and skeletal variations [SEP] ESULTS: Maternal toxicity, intrauterine growth retardation, and increase of external and skeletal variations were found in rats treated with the highest dose of piroxicam.

Musculoskeletal Abnormalities [SEP] Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system.


midline defects [SEP] inhibitors does not increase the risk of ventricular septal and midline defects in rat when compared to non-selective drugs and historic contro


steroids [SEP] Protective efficacy of neuroactive steroids against cocaine kindled-seizures in mice.

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


cocaine [SEP] Protective efficacy of neuroactive steroids against cocaine kindled-seizures in mice.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


seizures [SEP] ective efficacy of neuroactive steroids against cocaine kindled-seizures in mice.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


steroids [SEP] Neuroactive steroids demonstrate pharmacological actions that have relevance for a h


psychiatric disorders [SEP] ical actions that have relevance for a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders. They offer protection against seizures in a range of models an

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


seizures [SEP] ogical and psychiatric disorders. They offer protection against seizures in a range of models and seem to inhibit certain stages of drug


drug dependence [SEP] ures in a range of models and seem to inhibit certain stages of drug dependence in preclinical assessments. The present study was designed to e

Substance-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related to substance abuse.


steroid [SEP] Neuroactive steroids demonstrate pharmacological actions that have relevance for a


gamma-aminobutyric acid [SEP]  one synthetic neuroactive steroid that positively modulate the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor against the increase in sensitivity to the c

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


GABA [SEP] e steroid that positively modulate the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor against the increase in sensitivity to the convuls


cocaine [SEP] gainst the increase in sensitivity to the convulsant effects of cocaine engendered by repeated cocaine administration (seizure kindling


seizure [SEP] ogical and psychiatric disorders. They offer protection against seizures in a range of models and seem to inhibit certain stages of dru


Allopregnanolone [SEP] gendered by repeated cocaine administration (seizure kindling). Allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), pregnanolone (3alpha-hy

Pregnanolone [SEP] A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.


3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one [SEP] ed cocaine administration (seizure kindling). Allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) and ganaxo


pregnanolone [SEP] ered by repeated cocaine administration (seizure kindling). Allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), pregnanolone (3alpha-hy


3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one [SEP] gnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) and ganaxolone (a synthetic derivative of allopregnanolone 3al


ganaxolone [SEP] 20-one), pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) and ganaxolone (a synthetic derivative of allopregnanolone 3alpha-hydroxy-3bet

ganaxolone [SEP]


allopregnanolone [SEP] 5beta-pregnan-20-one) and ganaxolone (a synthetic derivative of allopregnanolone 3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) were tested


3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one [SEP] one) and ganaxolone (a synthetic derivative of allopregnanolone 3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) were tested for their ability to suppress the expression (anti

ganaxolone [SEP]


cyclosporine A [SEP] nction and morphology after short-term combination therapy with cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in the rat.

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


tacrolimus [SEP] ology after short-term combination therapy with cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in the rat.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


sirolimus [SEP] rt-term combination therapy with cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in the rat.

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


Sirolimus [SEP] BACKGROUND: Sirolimus (SRL) may supplement calcineurin inhibitors in clinical organ t


SRL [SEP] BACKGROUND: Sirolimus (SRL) may supplement calcineurin inhibitors in clinical organ transp


nephrotoxic [SEP] ineurin inhibitors in clinical organ transplantation. These are nephrotoxic, but SRL seems to act differently displaying only minor nephrot

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


cyclosporine A [SEP]  of the kidneys of male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with either cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506) or SRL as monotherapies or in differe


CsA [SEP] of male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with either cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506) or SRL as monotherapies or in different co


tacrolimus [SEP] e Sprague-Dawley rats treated with either cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506) or SRL as monotherapies or in different combinations. M


FK506 [SEP] wley rats treated with either cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506) or SRL as monotherapies or in different combinations. METHODS:


fibrosis [SEP] emi-quantitative scoring system analysing the degree of striped fibrosis, subcapsular fibrosis and the number of basophilic tubules, plu

Fibrosis [SEP] Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other


fucoidan [SEP] Effect of fucoidan treatment on collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in ra

fucoidan [SEP]


intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP] Effect of fucoidan treatment on collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.

Cerebral Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with


brain damage [SEP] Inflammatory cells are postulated to mediate some of the brain damage following ischemic stroke. Intracerebral hemorrhage is associat

Brain Damage, Chronic [SEP] A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential et


ischemic stroke [SEP] ls are postulated to mediate some of the brain damage following ischemic stroke. Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with more inflammation

Cerebral Infarction [SEP] The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of th


Intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP]  to mediate some of the brain damage following ischemic stroke. Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with more inflammation than ischemic stroke. We t


inflammation [SEP] chemic stroke. Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with more inflammation than ischemic stroke. We tested the sulfated polysaccharide fuc

Inflammation [SEP] A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions


fucoidan [SEP] ion than ischemic stroke. We tested the sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan, which has been reported to reduce inflammatory brain damage, i

fucoidan [SEP]


intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP] reported to reduce inflammatory brain damage, in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage induced by injection of bacterial collagenase into the caudate


hematoma [SEP] venous infusion of fucoidan (30 micrograms h-1) or vehicle. The hematoma was assessed in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. Motor behav

Hematoma [SEP] A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.


Fucoidan [SEP] skilled forelimb function were tested repeatedly for six weeks. Fucoidan-treated rats exhibited evidence of impaired blood clotting and

fucoidan [SEP]


impaired blood clotting [SEP] edly for six weeks. Fucoidan-treated rats exhibited evidence of impaired blood clotting and hemodilution, had larger hematomas, and tended to have less

Hemostatic Disorders [SEP] Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of BLOOD VESSELS, blood


hemodilution [SEP] -treated rats exhibited evidence of impaired blood clotting and hemodilution, had larger hematomas, and tended to have less inflammation in


hematomas [SEP] vidence of impaired blood clotting and hemodilution, had larger hematomas, and tended to have less inflammation in the vicinity of the he


hemorrhage [SEP] me of the brain damage following ischemic stroke. Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with more inflammation than ischemic stroke. We t

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


white matter edema [SEP] nd better memory retention in the passive avoidance test. Acute white matter edema and eventual neuronal loss in the striatum adjacent to the hema

Brain Edema [SEP] Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular f


neuronal loss [SEP] e passive avoidance test. Acute white matter edema and eventual neuronal loss in the striatum adjacent to the hematoma did not differ between

Nerve Degeneration [SEP] Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction o


Paracetamol [SEP] Paracetamol-associated coma, metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic failure.

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


coma [SEP] Paracetamol-associated coma, metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic failure.

Coma [SEP] A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Com


metabolic acidosis [SEP] Paracetamol-associated coma, metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic failure.

Acidosis [SEP] A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and me


hepatic failure [SEP] Paracetamol-associated coma, metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic failure.

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


metabolic acidosis [SEP] A case of metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure and hepatic failure following paracetamol


acute renal failure [SEP] A case of metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure and hepatic failure following paracetamol ingestion is presente

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


paracetamol [SEP] lic acidosis, acute renal failure and hepatic failure following paracetamol ingestion is presented. The diagnostic difficulty at presentati


ketoconazole [SEP] Hepatic reactions associated with ketoconazole in the United Kingdom.

Ketoconazole [SEP] Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.


Ketoconazole [SEP] Ketoconazole was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1981. By November 1984


hepatotoxicity [SEP] ttee on Safety of Medicines had received 82 reports of possible hepatotoxicity associated with the drug, including five deaths. An analysis of

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


deaths [SEP] ossible hepatotoxicity associated with the drug, including five deaths. An analysis of the 75 cases that had been adequately followed

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


jaundice [SEP] in women. The average duration of treatment before the onset of jaundice was 61 days. None of these well validated cases occurred within

Jaundice [SEP] A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA


hepatocellular injury [SEP]  treatment. The results of serum liver function tests suggested hepatocellular injury in 10 (63%); the rest showed a mixed pattern. In contrast, the


cholestasis [SEP]  histological examination of the liver often showed evidence of cholestasis. The characteristics of the 48 patients in the possible cases w

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


rash [SEP] he possible cases were similar. Allergic manifestations such as rash and eosinophilia were rare. Hepatitis was usually reversible wh

Exanthema [SEP] Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with sim


eosinophilia [SEP] le cases were similar. Allergic manifestations such as rash and eosinophilia were rare. Hepatitis was usually reversible when treatment was

Eosinophilia [SEP] Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.


Hepatitis [SEP] llergic manifestations such as rash and eosinophilia were rare. Hepatitis was usually reversible when treatment was stopped, with the res


ketoconazole [SEP] 3.1 months. In two of the three deaths probably associated with ketoconazole treatment the drug had been continued after the onset of jaundi


hepatitis [SEP] een continued after the onset of jaundice and other symptoms of hepatitis. Clinical and biochemical monitoring at regular intervals for e


hepatic injury [SEP] ng term treatment with ketoconazole to prevent possible serious hepatic injury.


prostaglandin E1 [SEP] Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1-induced hypotension and haemodilution on human hepatic function

Alprostadil [SEP] A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.


hypotension [SEP] Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1-induced hypotension and haemodilution on human hepatic function.

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


haemodilution [SEP] d effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1-induced hypotension and haemodilution on human hepatic function.

Hemostatic Disorders [SEP] Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of BLOOD VESSELS, blood


prostaglandin E1 [SEP] Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced hypotension and haemodilution on hepatic functio


PGE1 [SEP] Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced hypotension and haemodilution on hepatic function were


hypotension [SEP] Combined effects of prolonged prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced hypotension and haemodilution on hepatic function were studied in 30 patien


haemodilution [SEP] ts of prolonged prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced hypotension and haemodilution on hepatic function were studied in 30 patients undergoing hip


Haemodilution [SEP] up C (n = 10) to both controlled hypotension and haemodilution. Haemodilution in groups B and C was produced by withdrawing approximately 100


dextran [SEP] ately 1000 mL of blood and replacing it with the same amount of dextran solution, and final haematocrit values were 21 or 22%. Controll

Dextrans [SEP] A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagu


aceto-acetate [SEP] 80 min. Measurements included arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR, aceto-acetate/3-hydroxybutyrate) and clinical hepatic function parameters. AK

acetoacetic acid [SEP]


3-hydroxybutyrate [SEP] ements included arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR, aceto-acetate/3-hydroxybutyrate) and clinical hepatic function parameters. AKBR and biological

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid [SEP] BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.


bilirubin [SEP] ) after recovery of normotension, and SGOT, SGPT, LDH and total bilirubin showed significant increases after operation. The results sugge

Bilirubin [SEP] A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.


impairment of hepatic function [SEP] PGE1-induced hypotension and moderate haemodilution would cause impairment of hepatic function.

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


Levodopa [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: filli

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dyskinesias [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: filling the bench-to-beds

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: filling the bench-to-bedside gap.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


Levodopa [SEP] Levodopa is the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's dis


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Levodopa is the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the long-term use of this dopamine precursor is compl


dopamine [SEP] ment of Parkinson's disease. However, the long-term use of this dopamine precursor is complicated by highly disabling fluctuations and d

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


dyskinesias [SEP] e precursor is complicated by highly disabling fluctuations and dyskinesias. Although preclinical and clinical findings suggest pulsatile s


levodopa [SEP] f striatal postsynaptic receptors as a key mechanism underlying levodopa-induced dyskinesias, their pathogenesis is still unclear. In re


dyskinetic movements [SEP] ost-receptor molecular mechanisms underlying the development of dyskinetic movements. Recent preclinical and clinical data from promising lines of r


glutamate [SEP] anisms, dopamine receptor subtypes, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and non-dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in the

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


seizures [SEP] Prevention of seizures and reorganization of hippocampal functions by transplantation

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


epilepsy [SEP] ntation of bone marrow cells in the acute phase of experimental epilepsy.

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


epilepsy [SEP] potential of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in a model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine in rats. BMCs obtained from green fluore


pilocarpine [SEP] rrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in a model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine in rats. BMCs obtained from green fluorescent protein (GFP) tra

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


status epilepticus [SEP] mice or rats were transplanted intravenously after induction of status epilepticus (SE). Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were monitored using

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


SE [SEP] ansplanted intravenously after induction of status epilepticus (SE). Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were monitored using Rac


seizure [SEP] ter induction of status epilepticus (SE). Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were monitored using Racine's seizure severity scale. Al


epileptic [SEP]  rats were transplanted intravenously after induction of status epilepticus (SE). Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were monitored usi


seizures [SEP] ter induction of status epilepticus (SE). Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were monitored using Racine's seizure severity scale. All


neuronal loss [SEP] th BMCs can prevent the development of chronic seizures, reduce neuronal loss, and influence the reorganization of the hippocampal neuronal n

Nerve Degeneration [SEP] Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction o


salvianolic acid A [SEP] Cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

salvianolic acid A [SEP]


isoproterenol [SEP] Cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Isoproterenol [SEP] Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. I


myocardial infarction [SEP] rotective effect of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


salvianolic acid A [SEP] tudy was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Hemodyn

salvianolic acid A [SEP]


isoproterenol [SEP] valuate the cardioprotective potential of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Hemodynamic parameters a


myocardial infarction [SEP] ective potential of salvianolic acid A on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Hemodynamic parameters and lead II electrocardiograph


Isoproterenol [SEP]  histopathological examination of heart tissues were performed. Isoproterenol-treated rats showed significant increases in the levels of lact


lactate [SEP] enol-treated rats showed significant increases in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and malo

Lactic Acid [SEP] A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent


aspartate [SEP] d significant increases in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde and significa

Aspartic Acid [SEP] One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar ca


creatine [SEP] in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde and significant decreases in the act

Creatine [SEP] An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Cr


malondialdehyde [SEP] tate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde and significant decreases in the activities of superoxide dismu

Malondialdehyde [SEP] The dialdehyde of malonic acid.


superoxide [SEP]  malondialdehyde and significant decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum and hea

Superoxides [SEP] Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated dur


glutathione [SEP] creases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum and heart. These rats also showed declines

Glutathione [SEP] A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some en


respiratory dysfunction [SEP] d-diastolic pressure and ST-segment. In addition, mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction characterized by decreased respiratory control ratio and ADP/O

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


ADP [SEP] nction characterized by decreased respiratory control ratio and ADP/O was observed in isoproterenol-treated rats. Administration of

Adenosine Diphosphate [SEP] Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at


cardiac dysfunction [SEP] period of 8 days significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury and improved mitochondrial respiratory fu

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


myocardial injury [SEP] cantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury and improved mitochondrial respiratory function. The protective

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


myocardial damage [SEP] ective role of salvianolic acid A against isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination. The res


N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea [SEP] Acute effects of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-indu

N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea [SEP]


amino acid [SEP] Acute effects of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-induced seizure in rats.

Amino Acids [SEP] Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits


pilocarpine [SEP] ylpentanoyl)urea on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-induced seizure in rats.


seizure [SEP] hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-induced seizure in rats.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


amino acid [SEP] ant activity as well as the effects on the level of hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N


glutamate [SEP] fects on the level of hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


aspartate [SEP] e level of hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in compar


glycine [SEP] hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in comparison to i

Glycine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also


GABA [SEP] amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in comparison to its parent

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea [SEP] d neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in comparison to its parent compound, valproic acid (VPA)

N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea [SEP]


VPU [SEP] ate, aspartate, glycine and GABA) of N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in comparison to its parent compound, valproic acid (VPA). VPU

N-(2-propylpentanoyl)urea [SEP]


valproic acid [SEP] ropylpentanoyl)urea (VPU) in comparison to its parent compound, valproic acid (VPA). VPU was more potent than VPA, exhibiting the median effe

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


VPA [SEP] urea (VPU) in comparison to its parent compound, valproic acid (VPA). VPU was more potent than VPA, exhibiting the median effective


pilocarpine [SEP]  effective dose (ED(50)) of 49 mg/kg in protecting rats against pilocarpine-induced seizure whereas the corresponding value for VPA was 322

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


seizure [SEP] 50)) of 49 mg/kg in protecting rats against pilocarpine-induced seizure whereas the corresponding value for VPA was 322 mg/kg. In vivo


hepatitis [SEP] Acute hepatitis attack after exposure to telithromycin.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


telithromycin [SEP] Acute hepatitis attack after exposure to telithromycin.

telithromycin [SEP]


hepatotoxicity [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic-associated hepatotoxicity is rare. With widespread use of antimicrobial agents, however,


hepatic injury [SEP]  is rare. With widespread use of antimicrobial agents, however, hepatic injury occurs frequently, and among adverse drug reactions, idiosyncra


adverse drug reactions [SEP] al agents, however, hepatic injury occurs frequently, and among adverse drug reactions, idiosyncratic reactions are the most serious. CASE SUMMARY: A

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


jaundice [SEP] Emergency Department, Istanbul, Turkey, with 5 days' history of jaundice, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. He had been prescribed telithro

Jaundice [SEP] A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA


nausea [SEP] t, Istanbul, Turkey, with 5 days' history of jaundice, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. He had been prescribed telithromycin 400 mg/d PO

Nausea [SEP] An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and moti


vomiting [SEP]  Turkey, with 5 days' history of jaundice, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. He had been prescribed telithromycin 400 mg/d PO to treat an u

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


telithromycin [SEP] jaundice, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. He had been prescribed telithromycin 400 mg/d PO to treat an upper respiratory tract infection 7 day

telithromycin [SEP]


upper respiratory tract infection [SEP] g. He had been prescribed telithromycin 400 mg/d PO to treat an upper respiratory tract infection 7 days prior. Admission laboratory tests were as follows: alani

Respiratory Tract Infections [SEP] Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.


alanine [SEP] ction 7 days prior. Admission laboratory tests were as follows: alanine aminotransferase, 67 U/L (reference range, 10-37 U/L); aspartat

Alanine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transaminatio


aspartate [SEP]  alanine aminotransferase, 67 U/L (reference range, 10-37 U/L); aspartate aminotransferase, 98 U/L (10-40 U/L); alkaline phosphatase, 513

Aspartic Acid [SEP] One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar ca


bilirubin [SEP] nsferase, 32 U/L (7-49 U/L); amylase, 46 U/L (0-220 U/L); total bilirubin, 20.1 mg/dL (0.2-1.0 mg/dL); direct bilirubin, 14.8 mg/dL (0-0.

Bilirubin [SEP] A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.


alcohol [SEP] 0-0.3 mg/dL); and albumin, 4.7 mg/dL (3.5-5.4 mg/dL). No toxin, alcohol, or other drugs were reported. The patient had suffered a previ

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


hepatitis [SEP] reported. The patient had suffered a previous episode of "acute hepatitis of unknown origin," that occurred after telithromycin usage. Bo


Telithromycin [SEP] mycin usage. Both incidents occurred within a year. DISCUSSION: Telithromycin is the first of the ketolide antibacterials to receive US Food

telithromycin [SEP]


hepatic dysfunction [SEP] s been associated with infrequent and usually reversible severe hepatic dysfunction. Based on a score of 8 on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction pro

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


adverse drug reaction [SEP] al agents, however, hepatic injury occurs frequently, and among adverse drug reactions, idiosyncratic reactions are the most serious. CASE SUMMARY: A


toxic hepatitis [SEP]  this patient, and pathological findings suggested drug-induced toxic hepatitis. Recurrence of hepatitis attack might have been avoided if the


Spironolactone [SEP] Spironolactone-induced renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia in patients with h

Spironolactone [SEP] A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatm


renal insufficiency [SEP] Spironolactone-induced renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure.

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


hyperkalemia [SEP] Spironolactone-induced renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure.

Hyperkalemia [SEP] Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinicall


heart failure [SEP] e-induced renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure.

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


spironolactone [SEP] D: A previous randomized controlled trial evaluating the use of spironolactone in heart failure patients reported a low risk of hyperkalemia (


heart failure [SEP] omized controlled trial evaluating the use of spironolactone in heart failure patients reported a low risk of hyperkalemia (2%) and renal ins


hyperkalemia [SEP] spironolactone in heart failure patients reported a low risk of hyperkalemia (2%) and renal insufficiency (0%). Because treatments for heart


renal insufficiency [SEP] t failure patients reported a low risk of hyperkalemia (2%) and renal insufficiency (0%). Because treatments for heart failure have changed since t


K [SEP] BACKGROUND: A previous randomized controlled trial evaluating the us

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


Cr [SEP] eveloped hyperkalemia (K(+) >5.0 mEq/L) or renal insufficiency (Cr >or=2.5 mg/dL), and they were compared to 2 randomly selected c

Chromium [SEP] A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. Ac


renal failure [SEP] scontinuation of spironolactone due to hyperkalemia (n = 33) or renal failure (n = 34). Patients who developed hyperkalemia were older and mo


diabetes [SEP] s who developed hyperkalemia were older and more likely to have diabetes, had higher baseline serum potassium levels and lower baseline

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


potassium [SEP] der and more likely to have diabetes, had higher baseline serum potassium levels and lower baseline potassium supplement doses, and were


creatinine [SEP] ciency had lower baseline body weight and higher baseline serum creatinine, required higher doses of loop diuretics, and were more likely

Creatinine [SEP]


thiazide [SEP] oses of loop diuretics, and were more likely to be treated with thiazide diuretics than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Spironolactone-induced hy

Thiazides [SEP] Heterocyclic compounds with SULFUR and NITROGEN in the ring. This term commonly refers to the BENZOTHIADIAZINES that inhibit SOD


Spironolactone [SEP]  be treated with thiazide diuretics than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Spironolactone-induced hyperkalemia and renal insufficiency are more common in


End-stage renal disease [SEP] End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calc

Kidney Failure, Chronic [SEP] The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the l