hyperkalaemia [SEP] es a case of cardiac arrest and subsequent death as a result of hyperkalaemia following the use of suxamethonium in a 23-year-old Malawian wo

Hyperkalemia [SEP] Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinicall


suxamethonium [SEP] sequent death as a result of hyperkalaemia following the use of suxamethonium in a 23-year-old Malawian woman. Five days after the onset of t

Succinylcholine [SEP] A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxan


meningitis [SEP] ld Malawian woman. Five days after the onset of the symptoms of meningitis, the patient aspirated stomach contents and needed endotracheal

Meningitis [SEP] Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infect


bradycardia [SEP] eal intubation. Forty seconds after injection of suxamethonium, bradycardia and cardiac arrest occurred. Attempts to resuscitate the patien

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


potassium [SEP] resuscitate the patient were not successful. The serum level of potassium was observed to be 8.4 mequiv L-1. Apart from the reduction in

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


hypersensitivity [SEP] of suxamethonium. It is postulated that her death was caused by hypersensitivity to suxamethonium, associated with her 5-day immobilization.

Drug Hypersensitivity [SEP] Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.


mepivacaine [SEP] An unusual toxic reaction to axillary block by mepivacaine with adrenaline.

Mepivacaine [SEP] A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for inf


adrenaline [SEP] An unusual toxic reaction to axillary block by mepivacaine with adrenaline.

Epinephrine [SEP] The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes


increase in blood pressure [SEP] An increase in blood pressure, accompanied by atrial fibrillation, agitation, incomprehensibl

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


atrial fibrillation [SEP] An increase in blood pressure, accompanied by atrial fibrillation, agitation, incomprehensible shouts and loss of consciousness,

Atrial Fibrillation [SEP] Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the


agitation [SEP] increase in blood pressure, accompanied by atrial fibrillation, agitation, incomprehensible shouts and loss of consciousness, was observe

Psychomotor Agitation [SEP] A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug tox


incomprehensible shouts [SEP]  blood pressure, accompanied by atrial fibrillation, agitation, incomprehensible shouts and loss of consciousness, was observed in an elderly, ASA clas

Neurobehavioral Manifestations [SEP] Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and


loss of consciousness [SEP]  by atrial fibrillation, agitation, incomprehensible shouts and loss of consciousness, was observed in an elderly, ASA classification group II, cardi

Unconsciousness [SEP] Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental


mepivacaine [SEP] medicated male, 12 min after performance of axillary block with mepivacaine 850 mg containing adrenaline 0.225 mg, for correction of Dupuyt


adrenaline [SEP] erformance of axillary block with mepivacaine 850 mg containing adrenaline 0.225 mg, for correction of Dupuytren's contracture. After intr


Dupuytren's contracture [SEP] acaine 850 mg containing adrenaline 0.225 mg, for correction of Dupuytren's contracture. After intravenous administration of labetalol, metoprolol and

Dupuytren Contracture [SEP] A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of t


labetalol [SEP] of Dupuytren's contracture. After intravenous administration of labetalol, metoprolol and midazolam the patient's condition improved, and

Labetalol [SEP] A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.


metoprolol [SEP] n's contracture. After intravenous administration of labetalol, metoprolol and midazolam the patient's condition improved, and 15 min late

Metoprolol [SEP] A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMI


midazolam [SEP] . After intravenous administration of labetalol, metoprolol and midazolam the patient's condition improved, and 15 min later he woke up.

Midazolam [SEP] A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endosco


tacrolimus [SEP] nd histopathologic examination of renal allografts treated with tacrolimus (FK506) for at least one year.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


FK506 [SEP] ologic examination of renal allografts treated with tacrolimus (FK506) for at least one year.


tacrolimus [SEP] enal allografts from 1 9 renal transplant patients treated with tacrolimus (FK506) for more than 1 year. METHODS: Twenty-six renal allogra


FK506 [SEP] fts from 1 9 renal transplant patients treated with tacrolimus (FK506) for more than 1 year. METHODS: Twenty-six renal allograft biop


IgA nephropathy [SEP] R; n = 4), chronic rejection (CR; n=5), AR+CR (n =4), recurrent IgA nephropathy (n =5), normal findings (n =2), minimal-type chronic FK506 neph

Glomerulonephritis, IGA [SEP] A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERUL


nephropathy [SEP]  = 4), chronic rejection (CR; n=5), AR+CR (n =4), recurrent IgA nephropathy (n =5), normal findings (n =2), minimal-type chronic FK506 neph

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [SEP] opathy (angiodegeneration of the arteriolar wall; 20 biopsies), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (4 biopsies) and the striped form of interstitial fibrosis (11

Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental [SEP] A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary


interstitial fibrosis [SEP] gmental glomerulosclerosis (4 biopsies) and the striped form of interstitial fibrosis (11 biopsies). The serum creatinine levels of patients in the m

Fibrosis [SEP] Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other


creatinine [SEP]  striped form of interstitial fibrosis (11 biopsies). The serum creatinine levels of patients in the mild-type chronic FK506 nephropathy g

Creatinine [SEP]


acetylcholine [SEP]  stimulation of endogenous nerve growth factor synthesis by the acetylcholine releaser PG-9.

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


PG-9 [SEP] ous nerve growth factor synthesis by the acetylcholine releaser PG-9.

N-methyltropan-3-yl 2-(4-bromophenyl)propionate [SEP]


PG-9 [SEP] The effects of PG-9 (3alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate), the acetylcholine


3alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate [SEP] The effects of PG-9 (3alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate), the acetylcholine releaser, on memory processes and nerve gro


acetylcholine [SEP] ffects of PG-9 (3alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate), the acetylcholine releaser, on memory processes and nerve growth factor (NGF) syn


amnesia [SEP] p.), administered 20 min before the training session, prevented amnesia induced by both the non selective antimuscarinic drug scopolami

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


scopolamine [SEP] d amnesia induced by both the non selective antimuscarinic drug scopolamine and the M1-selective antagonist S-(-)-ET-126. In the same exper

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


S-(-)-ET-126 [SEP] antimuscarinic drug scopolamine and the M1-selective antagonist S-(-)-ET-126. In the same experimental conditions, PG-9 (5-20 microg per mou

ET 126 [SEP]


Angioedema [SEP] Angioedema due to ACE inhibitors: common and inadequately diagnosed.

Angioedema [SEP] Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs i


ACE inhibitors [SEP] Angioedema due to ACE inhibitors: common and inadequately diagnosed.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors [SEP] A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect


angioedema [SEP] The estimated incidence of angioedema during angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment


angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor [SEP] The estimated incidence of angioedema during angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment is between 1 and 7 per thousand patients. This potent


atracurium [SEP] ecurarization in the recovery room is reported. Accumulation of atracurium in the intravenous line led to recurarization after flushing th

Atracurium [SEP] A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects an


respiratory arrest [SEP]  recurarization after flushing the line in the recovery room. A respiratory arrest with severe desaturation and bradycardia occurred. Circumstance

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


desaturation [SEP] the line in the recovery room. A respiratory arrest with severe desaturation and bradycardia occurred. Circumstances leading to this event a

Apnea [SEP] A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.


bradycardia [SEP] ecovery room. A respiratory arrest with severe desaturation and bradycardia occurred. Circumstances leading to this event and the mechanism

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


neuromuscular blockade [SEP] rcumstances leading to this event and the mechanisms enabling a neuromuscular blockade to occur, following the administration of a small dose of relax

Neuromuscular Manifestations [SEP] Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves.


oral contraceptives [SEP] Recurrent use of newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism.

Contraceptives, Oral [SEP] Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are


venous thromboembolism [SEP] Recurrent use of newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism.

Venous Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


venous thromboembolism [SEP] The epidemiological studies that assessed the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with newer oral contraceptives (OC) did not di


VTE [SEP] gical studies that assessed the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with newer oral contraceptives (OC) did not disting


oral contraceptives [SEP]  the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with newer oral contraceptives (OC) did not distinguish between patterns of OC use, namely fir


OC [SEP] hromboembolism (VTE) associated with newer oral contraceptives (OC) did not distinguish between patterns of OC use, namely first-t


apomorphine [SEP] Development of apomorphine-induced aggressive behavior: comparison of adult male and femal

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


aggressive behavior [SEP] Development of apomorphine-induced aggressive behavior: comparison of adult male and female Wistar rats.

Personality Disorders [SEP] A major deviation from normal patterns of behavior.


apomorphine [SEP] The development of apomorphine-induced (1.0 mg/kg s.c. once daily) aggressive behavior of adul


aggressive behavior [SEP]  development of apomorphine-induced (1.0 mg/kg s.c. once daily) aggressive behavior of adult male and female Wistar rats obtained from the same bre


aggressiveness [SEP]  aggressive behavior as evidenced by the increased intensity of aggressiveness and shortened latency before the first attack toward the oppone


Serotonergic antidepressants [SEP] Serotonergic antidepressants and urinary incontinence.

Serotonin Agents [SEP] Drugs used for their effects on serotonergic systems. Among these are drugs that affect serotonin receptors, the life cycle of s


urinary incontinence [SEP] Serotonergic antidepressants and urinary incontinence.

Urinary Incontinence [SEP] Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types o


serotonergic antidepressants [SEP] Many new serotonergic antidepressants have been introduced over the past decade. Although urinary inc


urinary incontinence [SEP] depressants have been introduced over the past decade. Although urinary incontinence is listed as one side effect of these drugs in their package in


incontinence [SEP] nts have been introduced over the past decade. Although urinary incontinence is listed as one side effect of these drugs in their package in


venlafaxine [SEP] cerns 2 male patients who experienced incontinence while taking venlafaxine. In the present paper the authors describe 2 female patients wh

venlafaxine [SEP]


serotonin [SEP]  patients who developed incontinence secondary to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine and sertraline, as well as a thi

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


paroxetine [SEP] inence secondary to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine and sertraline, as well as a third who developed this side effe

Paroxetine [SEP] A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.


sertraline [SEP] y to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine and sertraline, as well as a third who developed this side effect on venlafaxi

Sertraline [SEP] A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.


lithium carbonate [SEP]  venlafaxine. In 2 of the 3 cases the patients were also taking lithium carbonate and beta-blockers, both of which could have contributed to the

Lithium Carbonate [SEP] A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL


Hypotension [SEP] Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated wit

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


tizanidine [SEP] Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhi

tizanidine [SEP]


angiotensin [SEP] owing the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension.

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


hypertension [SEP] ted with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


spasticity [SEP] re one of several pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of spasticity related to disorders of the central nervous system. In addition

Muscle Spasticity [SEP] A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle result


disorders of the central nervous system [SEP] macologic agents used in the treatment of spasticity related to disorders of the central nervous system. In addition to their effects on spasticity, certain adverse ca

Central Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spi


angiotensin [SEP] ory effects have been reported. Adults chronically treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may have a limited ability to resp


hypotension [SEP] ting enzyme inhibitors may have a limited ability to respond to hypotension when the sympathetic response is simultaneously blocked. The au


lisinopril [SEP]  The authors present a 10-year-old boy chronically treated with lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, to control hyperte

Lisinopril [SEP] One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hype


hypertension [SEP] inopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, to control hypertension who developed hypotension following the addition of tizanidine,


tizanidine [SEP] ypertension who developed hypotension following the addition of tizanidine, an alpha-2 agonist, for the treatment of spasticity. The possi

tizanidine [SEP]


kidney disease [SEP] illary basement membrane reduplication in allografts and native kidney disease: a clinicopathologic study of 278 consecutive renal specimens.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


transplant glomerulopathy [SEP] BACKGROUND: An association has been found between transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and reduplication of peritubular capillary basement membra


TG [SEP] n association has been found between transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and reduplication of peritubular capillary basement membranes


glomerulonephritis [SEP] ith TG, we also examined grafts with acute rejection, recurrent glomerulonephritis, chronic allograft nephropathy and stable grafts ("protocol bio

Glomerulonephritis [SEP] Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including anti


chronic allograft nephropathy [SEP] ined grafts with acute rejection, recurrent glomerulonephritis, chronic allograft nephropathy and stable grafts ("protocol biopsies"). Native kidney specimen

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is class


glomerulopathies [SEP] ol biopsies"). Native kidney specimens included a wide range of glomerulopathies as well as cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, malignant hyper


thrombotic microangiopathy [SEP] s included a wide range of glomerulopathies as well as cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, malignant hypertension, acute interstitial nephritis, and acut

Thrombotic Microangiopathies [SEP] Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC


malignant hypertension [SEP] lomerulopathies as well as cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, malignant hypertension, acute interstitial nephritis, and acute tubular necrosis. RESU

Hypertension, Malignant [SEP] A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension i


interstitial nephritis [SEP] es of thrombotic microangiopathy, malignant hypertension, acute interstitial nephritis, and acute tubular necrosis. RESULTS: We found PTCR in 14 of 15

Nephritis, Interstitial [SEP] Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES an


acute tubular necrosis [SEP] athy, malignant hypertension, acute interstitial nephritis, and acute tubular necrosis. RESULTS: We found PTCR in 14 of 15 cases of TG, in 7 transplan

Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute [SEP] Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure


lupus nephritis [SEP] ed cases of malignant hypertension, thrombotic microangiopathy, lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schonlein nephritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and

Lupus Nephritis [SEP] Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified


Henoch-Schonlein nephritis [SEP] nant hypertension, thrombotic microangiopathy, lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schonlein nephritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and cocaine-related acute renal

Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch [SEP] A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES


cocaine [SEP]  Henoch-Schonlein nephritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and cocaine-related acute renal failure. Mild PTCR in allografts without TG

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


acute renal failure [SEP] n nephritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and cocaine-related acute renal failure. Mild PTCR in allografts without TG did not predict renal failu

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


renal failure [SEP] ritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and cocaine-related acute renal failure. Mild PTCR in allografts without TG did not predict renal failu

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


proteinuria [SEP] ografts without TG did not predict renal failure or significant proteinuria after follow-up periods of between 3 months and 1 year. CONCLUS

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


kidney diseases [SEP] he absence of TG is unclear. PTCR also occurs in certain native kidney diseases, though the association is not as strong as that for TG. We sug


endothelial injury [SEP] ation is not as strong as that for TG. We suggest that repeated endothelial injury, including immunologic injury, may be the cause of this lesion

Wounds and Injuries [SEP] Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural con


immunologic injury [SEP]  for TG. We suggest that repeated endothelial injury, including immunologic injury, may be the cause of this lesion both in allografts and native

Immune System Diseases [SEP] Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.


BD1008 [SEP] Conformationally restricted analogs of BD1008 and an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting sigma1 receptor

BD 1008 [SEP]


oligodeoxynucleotide [SEP] Conformationally restricted analogs of BD1008 and an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting sigma1 receptors produce anti-cocaine effects in mice

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides [SEP] A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming


cocaine [SEP] se oligodeoxynucleotide targeting sigma1 receptors produce anti-cocaine effects in mice.


Cocaine [SEP] Cocaine's ability to interact with sigma receptors suggests that these


BD1063 [SEP] 1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane), BD1063 (1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine), and LR132

1-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl)-4-methylpiperazine [SEP]


1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine [SEP] 4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane), BD1063 (1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine), and LR132 (1R,2S-(+)-cis-N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(1


dopamine [SEP] ties for sigma2 receptors and exhibit negligible affinities for dopamine, opioid, GABA(A) and NMDA receptors. In behavioral studies, pre

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


GABA [SEP] ceptors and exhibit negligible affinities for dopamine, opioid, GABA(A) and NMDA receptors. In behavioral studies, pre-treatment of

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


NMDA [SEP] exhibit negligible affinities for dopamine, opioid, GABA(A) and NMDA receptors. In behavioral studies, pre-treatment of mice with BD

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


cocaine [SEP]  of mice with BD1018, BD1063, or LR132 significantly attenuated cocaine-induced convulsions and lethality. Moreover, post-treatment wit


convulsions [SEP] 1018, BD1063, or LR132 significantly attenuated cocaine-induced convulsions and lethality. Moreover, post-treatment with LR132 prevented co

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


di-o-tolylguanidine [SEP] tive antagonists, the well-characterized sigma receptor agonist di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) and the novel sigma receptor agonist BD1031 (3R-1-[2-(3,4

1,3-ditolylguanidine [SEP]


DTG [SEP]  well-characterized sigma receptor agonist di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) and the novel sigma receptor agonist BD1031 (3R-1-[2-(3,4-dich

1,3-ditolylguanidine [SEP]


toxicity [SEP] yl]-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane) each worsened the behavioral toxicity of cocaine. At doses where alone, they produced no significant

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


oligodeoxynucleotide [SEP] el ligands involved antagonism of sigma receptors, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against sigma1 receptors was also shown to significantly attenu


convulsive [SEP]  sigma1 receptors was also shown to significantly attenuate the convulsive and locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. Together, the dat


E4031 [SEP] Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of the effects of E4031, cisapride, terfenadine and terodiline on monophasic action pot

E 4031 [SEP]


cisapride [SEP] macokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of the effects of E4031, cisapride, terfenadine and terodiline on monophasic action potential dura

Cisapride [SEP] A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, fun


terfenadine [SEP] /pharmacodynamic assessment of the effects of E4031, cisapride, terfenadine and terodiline on monophasic action potential duration in dog.

Terfenadine [SEP] A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY


terodiline [SEP]  assessment of the effects of E4031, cisapride, terfenadine and terodiline on monophasic action potential duration in dog.

terodiline [SEP]


Torsades de pointes [SEP] 1. Torsades de pointes (TDP) is a potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia associated

Torsades de Pointes [SEP] A malignant form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by HEART RATE between 200 and 250 beats per minute


TDP [SEP] 1. Torsades de pointes (TDP) is a potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia associated with


ventricular tachycardia [SEP] 1. Torsades de pointes (TDP) is a potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia associated with increases in QT interval and monophasic action

Tachycardia, Ventricular [SEP] An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the


terfenadine [SEP] at has led to withdrawal of several drugs from the market (e.g. terfenadine and terodiline). 2. The potential of compounds to cause TDP was


terodiline [SEP] thdrawal of several drugs from the market (e.g. terfenadine and terodiline). 2. The potential of compounds to cause TDP was evaluated by m

terodiline [SEP]


cisapride [SEP] erval and cause TDP were investigated: terfenadine, terodiline, cisapride and E4031. On the basis that only free drug in the systemic cir


E4031 [SEP] e TDP were investigated: terfenadine, terodiline, cisapride and E4031. On the basis that only free drug in the systemic circulation w

E 4031 [SEP]


myeloencephalopathy [SEP] Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to accidental intrathecal vincristin administration: a repo

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


vincristin [SEP] Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to accidental intrathecal vincristin administration: a report of two cases.

Vincristine [SEP] Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca Rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)


vincristine [SEP] We report on two fatal cases of accidental intrathecal vincristine instillation in a 5-year old girl with recurrent acute lymphobl


acute lymphoblastic leucemia [SEP] al vincristine instillation in a 5-year old girl with recurrent acute lymphoblastic leucemia and a 57-year old man with lymphoblastic lymphoma. The girl die

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma [SEP] A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and ot


lymphoblastic lymphoma [SEP] current acute lymphoblastic leucemia and a 57-year old man with lymphoblastic lymphoma. The girl died seven days, the man four weeks after intrathecal


motor dysfunction [SEP] set was characterized by the signs of opistothonus, sensory and motor dysfunction and ascending paralysis. Histological and immunohistochemical i

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


paralysis [SEP] ns of opistothonus, sensory and motor dysfunction and ascending paralysis. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations (HE-LFB, C

Paralysis [SEP] A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level


degeneration of myelin [SEP] chemical investigations (HE-LFB, CD-68, Neurofilament) revealed degeneration of myelin and axons as well as pseudocystic transformation in areas expos

Demyelinating Diseases [SEP] Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.


prochlorperazine [SEP] Intravenous administration of prochlorperazine by 15-minute infusion versus 2-minute bolus does not affect the

Prochlorperazine [SEP] A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPR


akathisia [SEP] infusion versus 2-minute bolus does not affect the incidence of akathisia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced [SEP] A condition associated with the use of certain medications and characterized by an internal sense of motor restlessness often de


akathisia [SEP] STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the rate of akathisia after administration of intravenous prochlorperazine as a 2-min


prochlorperazine [SEP] mpare the rate of akathisia after administration of intravenous prochlorperazine as a 2-minute bolus or 15-minute infusion. METHODS: We conducte


headache [SEP] tients aged 18 years or older treated with prochlorperazine for headache, nausea, or vomiting were eligible for inclusion. Study partici

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


nausea [SEP] d 18 years or older treated with prochlorperazine for headache, nausea, or vomiting were eligible for inclusion. Study participants we

Nausea [SEP] An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and moti


vomiting [SEP] or older treated with prochlorperazine for headache, nausea, or vomiting were eligible for inclusion. Study participants were randomized

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


agitation [SEP] a was defined as either a spontaneous report of restlessness or agitation or a change of 2 or more in the patient-reported akathisia rati

Psychomotor Agitation [SEP] A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug tox


Antithymocyte globulin [SEP] Antithymocyte globulin in the treatment of D-penicillamine-induced aplastic anemia.

Antilymphocyte Serum [SEP] Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY


D-penicillamine [SEP] Antithymocyte globulin in the treatment of D-penicillamine-induced aplastic anemia.

Penicillamine [SEP] 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic a


aplastic anemia [SEP] ithymocyte globulin in the treatment of D-penicillamine-induced aplastic anemia.

Anemia, Aplastic [SEP] A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.


antithymocyte globulin [SEP] A patient who received antithymocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia due to D-penicillamine therapy is d


aplastic anemia [SEP] A patient who received antithymocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia due to D-penicillamine therapy is described. Bone marrow recove


D-penicillamine [SEP] eived antithymocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia due to D-penicillamine therapy is described. Bone marrow recovery and peripheral blood


acetylcholine [SEP] The relationship between hippocampal acetylcholine release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal se

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


seizure [SEP] ne release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal seizure-prone and withdrawal seizure-resistant selected mouse lines.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


alcohol [SEP] s, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in alcohol withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


ethanol [SEP] lcohol withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of ethanol withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivit


Seizure [SEP] onvulsant sensitivity was examined in alcohol-na  ve Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) mice. Animals were administered


nicotine [SEP] Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) mice. Animals were administered nicotine, carbachol, or neostigmine via timed tail vein infusion, and th

Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimu


carbachol [SEP] ) and-Resistant (WSR) mice. Animals were administered nicotine, carbachol, or neostigmine via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies

Carbachol [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.


neostigmine [SEP] t (WSR) mice. Animals were administered nicotine, carbachol, or neostigmine via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of tre

Neostigmine [SEP] A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gal


tremor [SEP] ine via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of tremor and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We al

Tremor [SEP] Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or act


potassium [SEP] threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and potassium-stimulated acetylcholine (ACh) release in the CA1 region of the

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


acetylcholine [SEP] so used microdialysis to measure basal and potassium-stimulated acetylcholine (ACh) release in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Potassium w


ACh [SEP] alysis to measure basal and potassium-stimulated acetylcholine (ACh) release in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Potassium was ap


Potassium [SEP] etylcholine (ACh) release in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Potassium was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hip


convulsions [SEP] ampal ACh also was measured during testing for handling-induced convulsions. RESULTS: Sensitivity to several convulsion endpoints induced b


convulsion [SEP] ampal ACh also was measured during testing for handling-induced convulsions. RESULTS: Sensitivity to several convulsion endpoints induced


KCl [SEP] ts, the lines did not differ in basal release of ACh, and 50 mM KCl increased ACh output in both lines of mice. However, the increa

KCL compound [SEP]


convulsants [SEP] holinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic convulsants may be associated with ethanol withdrawal severity and implicat


dexamethasone [SEP] Prenatal dexamethasone programs hypertension and renal injury in the rat.

Dexamethasone [SEP] An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.


hypertension [SEP] Prenatal dexamethasone programs hypertension and renal injury in the rat.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


renal injury [SEP] Prenatal dexamethasone programs hypertension and renal injury in the rat.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


dexamethasone [SEP] . The purpose of the present study was to determine if prenatal dexamethasone programmed a progressive increase in blood pressure and renal i


increase in blood pressure [SEP] to determine if prenatal dexamethasone programmed a progressive increase in blood pressure and renal injury in rats. Pregnant rats were given either vehic


renal injury [SEP] thasone programmed a progressive increase in blood pressure and renal injury in rats. Pregnant rats were given either vehicle or 2 daily int


reduction in glomerular number [SEP] dministered dexamethasone on days 15 and 16 gestation had a 20% reduction in glomerular number compared with control at 6 to 9 months of age (22 527+/-509 ver


elevated blood pressures [SEP] ne on days 15 and 16, 17 and 18, and 13 and 14 of gestation had elevated blood pressures at 6 months of age; the latter group did not have a reduction i


glomerulosclerosis [SEP] ethasone on days 15 and 16 of gestation had more glomeruli with glomerulosclerosis than control rats. This study shows that prenatal dexamethasone

Glomerulonephritis [SEP] Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including anti


hypertension [SEP] ts in a reduction in glomerular number, glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension when administered at specific points during gestation. Hyperten


Hypertension [SEP] rtension when administered at specific points during gestation. Hypertension was observed in animals that had a reduction in glomeruli as we


venous thromboembolism [SEP] The risk of venous thromboembolism in women prescribed cyproterone acetate in combination with eth

Venous Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


cyproterone acetate [SEP] The risk of venous thromboembolism in women prescribed cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyl estradiol: a nested cohort analysis

Cyproterone Acetate [SEP] An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen rec


ethinyl estradiol [SEP] ism in women prescribed cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyl estradiol: a nested cohort analysis and case-control study.

Ethinyl Estradiol [SEP] A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orall


Cyproterone acetate [SEP] BACKGROUND: Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol (CPA/EE) is licensed in the UK


ethinyl estradiol [SEP] BACKGROUND: Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol (CPA/EE) is licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with


CPA [SEP] ACKGROUND: Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol (CPA/EE) is licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with acne


EE [SEP] ROUND: Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol (CPA/EE) is licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with acne and


acne [SEP]  (CPA/EE) is licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with acne and hirsutism and is also a treatment option for polycystic ova

Acne Vulgaris [SEP] A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open co


hirsutism [SEP]  is licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with acne and hirsutism and is also a treatment option for polycystic ovary syndrome (P

Hirsutism [SEP] A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as


polycystic ovary syndrome [SEP] omen with acne and hirsutism and is also a treatment option for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [SEP] A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA;


PCOS [SEP] m and is also a treatment option for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of venou


venous thromboembolism [SEP] (PCOS). Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with CPA/EE compared with conventional combine


VTE [SEP]  have demonstrated an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with CPA/EE compared with conventional combined ora


oral contraceptives [SEP] VTE) associated with CPA/EE compared with conventional combined oral contraceptives (COCs). We believe the results of those studies may have been a

Contraceptives, Oral [SEP] Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are


Pseudoacromegaly [SEP] Pseudoacromegaly induced by the long-term use of minoxidil.

Disease [SEP] A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts,


minoxidil [SEP] Pseudoacromegaly induced by the long-term use of minoxidil.

Minoxidil [SEP] A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLO


Acromegaly [SEP] Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder caused by chronic excessive growth hor

Acromegaly [SEP] A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of


endocrine disorder [SEP] Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder caused by chronic excessive growth hormone secretion from the a

Endocrine System Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.


hypertrophy [SEP] g changes occur as a result of bone, cartilage, and soft tissue hypertrophy, including the thickening of the skin, coarsening of facial fea

Hypertrophy [SEP] General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor


cutis verticis gyrata [SEP]  the thickening of the skin, coarsening of facial features, and cutis verticis gyrata. Pseudoacromegaly, on the other hand, is the presence of simila

Akesson syndrome [SEP]


Pseudoacromegaly [SEP] skin, coarsening of facial features, and cutis verticis gyrata. Pseudoacromegaly, on the other hand, is the presence of similar acromegaloid fea


pseudoacromegaly [SEP] or insulin-like growth factor levels. We present a patient with pseudoacromegaly that resulted from the long-term use of minoxidil at an unusual


minoxidil [SEP] t with pseudoacromegaly that resulted from the long-term use of minoxidil at an unusually high dose. This is the first case report of pse


anemia [SEP] Combined androgen blockade-induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement.

Anemia [SEP] A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.


prostate cancer [SEP] Combined androgen blockade-induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement.

Prostatic Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.


anemia [SEP] he onset and extent of combined androgen blockade (CAB)-induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement. PATIENTS


prostate cancer [SEP] nd extent of combined androgen blockade (CAB)-induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-


prostatic adenocarcinoma [SEP] nt. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with biopsy-proven prostatic adenocarcinoma [26 with stage C (T3N0M0) and 16 with stage D1 (T3N1M0)] were i

Adenocarcinoma [SEP] A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.


leuprolide acetate [SEP] 3N1M0)] were included in this study. All patients received CAB [leuprolide acetate (LHRH-A) 3.75 mg, intramuscularly, every 28 days plus 250 mg fl

Leuprolide [SEP] A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary g


LHRH-A [SEP] d in this study. All patients received CAB [leuprolide acetate (LHRH-A) 3.75 mg, intramuscularly, every 28 days plus 250 mg flutamide,


flutamide [SEP] te (LHRH-A) 3.75 mg, intramuscularly, every 28 days plus 250 mg flutamide, tid, per Os] and were evaluated for anemia by physical examina

Flutamide [SEP] An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.


Testosterone [SEP] bsequent intervals (1, 2, 3 and 6 months post-CAB). Hb, PSA and Testosterone measurements were recorded. Patients with stage D2-3 disease, a

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


dilated cardiomyopathy [SEP] Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy related to amphotericin B therapy.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [SEP] A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk


amphotericin B [SEP] Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy related to amphotericin B therapy.

Amphotericin B [SEP] Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.


dilated cardiomyopathy [SEP] We describe a patient who developed dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical congestive heart failure after 2 months of therapy


heart failure [SEP] nt who developed dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical congestive heart failure after 2 months of therapy with amphotericin B (AmB) for dissemi

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


amphotericin B [SEP] linical congestive heart failure after 2 months of therapy with amphotericin B (AmB) for disseminated coccidioidomycosis. His echocardiographi


AmB [SEP] ve heart failure after 2 months of therapy with amphotericin B (AmB) for disseminated coccidioidomycosis. His echocardiographic abn


coccidioidomycosis [SEP]  2 months of therapy with amphotericin B (AmB) for disseminated coccidioidomycosis. His echocardiographic abnormalities and heart failure resolved

Coccidioidomycosis [SEP] Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley feve


posaconazole [SEP] chocardiographic abnormalities and heart failure resolved after posaconazole was substituted for AmB. It is important to recognize the rare

posaconazole [SEP]


toxicity [SEP] t is important to recognize the rare and potentially reversible toxicity of AmB.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


quinine [SEP] Risks of the consumption of beverages containing quinine.

Quinine [SEP] An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extr


nocturnal leg cramps [SEP] e United States Food and Drug Administration banned its use for nocturnal leg cramps due to lack of safety and efficacy, quinine is widely available

Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders [SEP] Parasomnias characterized by behavioral abnormalities that occur during the transition between wakefulness and sleep (or between


quinine [SEP] se for nocturnal leg cramps due to lack of safety and efficacy, quinine is widely available in beverages including tonic water and bitt


neurological complications [SEP] al reports suggest that products containing quinine may produce neurological complications, including confusion, altered mental status, seizures, and coma

Central Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spi


confusion [SEP] ining quinine may produce neurological complications, including confusion, altered mental status, seizures, and coma, particularly in old

Confusion [SEP] A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.


seizures [SEP] ical complications, including confusion, altered mental status, seizures, and coma, particularly in older women. Psychologists need to i

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


coma [SEP] ions, including confusion, altered mental status, seizures, and coma, particularly in older women. Psychologists need to inquire abo

Coma [SEP] A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Com


Organophosphate [SEP] Organophosphate-induced convulsions and prevention of neuropathological damages

Organophosphates [SEP] Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or


convulsions [SEP] Organophosphate-induced convulsions and prevention of neuropathological damages.


neuropathological damages [SEP] Organophosphate-induced convulsions and prevention of neuropathological damages.

Disease [SEP] A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts,


organophosphorus [SEP] Such organophosphorus (OP) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and s


OP [SEP] Such organophosphorus (OP) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and soman


diisopropylfluorophosphate [SEP] Such organophosphorus (OP) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinest

Isoflurophate [SEP] A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.


DFP [SEP]  organophosphorus (OP) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase


sarin [SEP] ophosphorus (OP) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs

Sarin [SEP] An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervou


soman [SEP] s (OP) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and buty

Soman [SEP] An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.


toxicity [SEP] esterases (AChEs) and butyrylcholinesterases (BChEs). The acute toxicity of OPs is the result of their irreversible binding with AChEs i


OPs [SEP] ChEs) and butyrylcholinesterases (BChEs). The acute toxicity of OPs is the result of their irreversible binding with AChEs in the c


acetylcholine [SEP] fluorophosphate (DFP), sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and butyrylcholinesterases (BChEs). The acute t

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


ACh [SEP] sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and butyrylcholinesterases (BChEs). The acute toxicity of OP


pralidoxime-2-chloride [SEP] ks-old Han-Wistar male rats. The rats received AChE reactivator pralidoxime-2-chloride (2PAM) (30.0 mg/kg BW), anticonvulsant diazepam (2.0 mg/kg BW),

Pralidoxime Compounds [SEP] Various salts of a quaternary ammonium oxime that reconstitute inactivated acetylcholinesterase, especially at the neuromuscular


2PAM [SEP] ats. The rats received AChE reactivator pralidoxime-2-chloride (2PAM) (30.0 mg/kg BW), anticonvulsant diazepam (2.0 mg/kg BW), A(1)-


diazepam [SEP] r pralidoxime-2-chloride (2PAM) (30.0 mg/kg BW), anticonvulsant diazepam (2.0 mg/kg BW), A(1)-adenosine receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopenty

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


adenosine [SEP] ) (30.0 mg/kg BW), anticonvulsant diazepam (2.0 mg/kg BW), A(1)-adenosine receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) (2.0 mg/kg BW

Adenosine [SEP] A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles i


N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine [SEP] ulsant diazepam (2.0 mg/kg BW), A(1)-adenosine receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) (2.0 mg/kg BW), NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine male

N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [SEP]


CPA [SEP] W), A(1)-adenosine receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) (2.0 mg/kg BW), NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (

N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [SEP]


NMDA [SEP] ceptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA) (2.0 mg/kg BW), NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (+-MK801 hydrogen malea

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


dizocilpine maleate [SEP] pentyl adenosine (CPA) (2.0 mg/kg BW), NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (+-MK801 hydrogen maleate) (2.0 mg/kg BW) or their combinations

Dizocilpine Maleate [SEP] A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The dr


atropine sulfate [SEP] te) (2.0 mg/kg BW) or their combinations with cholinolytic drug atropine sulfate (50.0 mg/kg BW) immediately or 30 min after the single SC injec

Atropine [SEP] An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isome


atropine [SEP] te) (2.0 mg/kg BW) or their combinations with cholinolytic drug atropine sulfate (50.0 mg/kg BW) immediately or 30 min after the single


poisoning [SEP] vented, delayed or shortened the occurrence of serious signs of poisoning. Atropine-MK801 did not offer any additional protection against

Poisoning [SEP] A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.


Atropine [SEP] ayed or shortened the occurrence of serious signs of poisoning. Atropine-MK801 did not offer any additional protection against DFP toxic


MK801 [SEP] (2.0 mg/kg BW), NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (+-MK801 hydrogen maleate) (2.0 mg/kg BW) or their combinations with cho


estrogen [SEP] Differential modulation by estrogen of alpha2-adrenergic and I1-imidazoline receptor-mediated hypot

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


imidazoline [SEP] Differential modulation by estrogen of alpha2-adrenergic and I1-imidazoline receptor-mediated hypotension in female rats.

Imidazolines [SEP] Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond.


hypotension [SEP] rogen of alpha2-adrenergic and I1-imidazoline receptor-mediated hypotension in female rats.

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


estrogen [SEP] We have recently shown that estrogen negatively modulates the hypotensive effect of clonidine (mixed


hypotensive [SEP] We have recently shown that estrogen negatively modulates the hypotensive effect of clonidine (mixed alpha2-/I1-receptor agonist) in fema


clonidine [SEP] wn that estrogen negatively modulates the hypotensive effect of clonidine (mixed alpha2-/I1-receptor agonist) in female rats and implicat

Clonidine [SEP] An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonl


rilmenidine [SEP] eptors. Changes evoked by a single intraperitoneal injection of rilmenidine (600 microg/kg) or alpha-methyldopa (100 mg/kg), selective I1-

rilmenidine [SEP]


alpha-methyldopa [SEP] gle intraperitoneal injection of rilmenidine (600 microg/kg) or alpha-methyldopa (100 mg/kg), selective I1- and alpha2-receptor agonists, respec

Methyldopa [SEP] An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an ant


hypotension [SEP] operated rats, rilmenidine or alpha-methyldopa elicited similar hypotension that lasted at least 5 h and was associated with reductions in


a reduced locomotor activity [SEP] n in Ovx rats was paralleled with further reduction in SDRR and a reduced locomotor activity. Estrogen replacement (17beta-estradiol subcutaneous pellet, 14

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


17beta-estradiol [SEP] in SDRR and a reduced locomotor activity. Estrogen replacement (17beta-estradiol subcutaneous pellet, 14.2 microg/day, 12 wk) of Ovx rats restor

Estradiol [SEP] The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-bet


tincture of Crataegus [SEP] Cardioprotective effect of tincture of Crataegus on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

crataegus extract [SEP]


isoproterenol [SEP] Cardioprotective effect of tincture of Crataegus on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Isoproterenol [SEP] Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. I


myocardial infarction [SEP] ective effect of tincture of Crataegus on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


Tincture of Crataegus [SEP] Tincture of Crataegus (TCR), an alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn (Crataeg

crataegus extract [SEP]


TCR [SEP] Tincture of Crataegus (TCR), an alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn (Crataegus ox

crataegus extract [SEP]


alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn [SEP] Tincture of Crataegus (TCR), an alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha), is used in herbal and homeopathic medici

crataegus extract [SEP]


Crataegus oxycantha [SEP] ataegus (TCR), an alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha), is used in herbal and homeopathic medicine. The present study

crataegus extract [SEP]


myocardial infarction [SEP] estigate the protective effect of TCR on experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats. Pretreatment of TCR, at a dose of 0.5 mL/100 g bodywei


isoproterenol [SEP] n lipid peroxidation and activity of marker enzymes observed in isoproterenol-induced rats (85 mg kg(-1) s. c. for 2 days at an interval of 2


ADP [SEP] e in antioxidant enzymes in the heart and increased the rate of ADP-stimulated oxygen uptake and respiratory coupling ratio. TCR pr

Adenosine Diphosphate [SEP] Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at


oxygen [SEP] t enzymes in the heart and increased the rate of ADP-stimulated oxygen uptake and respiratory coupling ratio. TCR protected against pa

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


raloxifene [SEP] Safety and adverse effects associated with raloxifene: multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation.

Raloxifene [SEP] A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has es


raloxifene [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of raloxifene on major adverse events that occur with postmenopausal estrogen


estrogen [SEP] loxifene on major adverse events that occur with postmenopausal estrogen therapy or tamoxifen. METHODS: The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxif


tamoxifen [SEP] verse events that occur with postmenopausal estrogen therapy or tamoxifen. METHODS: The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation, a mul

Tamoxifen [SEP] One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibitin


Raloxifene [SEP] strogen therapy or tamoxifen. METHODS: The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, enro


osteoporosis [SEP] d, double-blind trial, enrolled 7,705 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Women were randomly assigned to raloxifene 60 mg/d or 120 mg/d

Osteoporosis [SEP] Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two m


venous thromboembolism [SEP] to raloxifene 60 mg/d or 120 mg/d or placebo. Outcomes included venous thromboembolism, cataracts, gallbladder disease, and endometrial hyperplasia or

Venous Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


cataracts [SEP]  120 mg/d or placebo. Outcomes included venous thromboembolism, cataracts, gallbladder disease, and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. RE

Cataract [SEP] Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many ki


gallbladder disease [SEP] r placebo. Outcomes included venous thromboembolism, cataracts, gallbladder disease, and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. RESULTS: During a mean

Gallbladder Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, ne


endometrial hyperplasia [SEP] ded venous thromboembolism, cataracts, gallbladder disease, and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 3.3 years, ralox

Endometrial Hyperplasia [SEP] Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissu


endometrial cancer [SEP]  0.7-1.3), endometrial hyperplasia (RR 1.3; 95% CI 0.4-5.1), or endometrial cancer (RR 0.9; 95% CI 0.3-2.7). CONCLUSION: Raloxifene was associated

Endometrial Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classificati


Ceftriaxone [SEP] Ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in paediatric surgical patie

Ceftriaxone [SEP] A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.


biliary pseudolithiasis [SEP] Ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in paediatric surgical patients.

Biliary Tract Diseases [SEP] Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.


ceftriaxone [SEP] It is well known that ceftriaxone leads to pseudolithiasis in some patients. Clinical and experim


pseudolithiasis [SEP] It is well known that ceftriaxone leads to pseudolithiasis in some patients. Clinical and experimental studies also sugges


gallbladder dysfunction [SEP] l and experimental studies also suggest that situations causing gallbladder dysfunction, such as fasting, may have a role for the development of pseudo


cocaine overdose [SEP] anticocaine monoclonal antibody GNC92H2 as an immunotherapy for cocaine overdose.

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


cocaine [SEP] The illicit use of cocaine continues in epidemic proportions and treatment for cocaine ove

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


cocaine overdose [SEP]  of cocaine continues in epidemic proportions and treatment for cocaine overdose remains elusive. Current protein-based technology offers a new


toxicity [SEP]  3 min after cocaine treatment. Significant blockade of cocaine toxicity was observed with the higher dose of GNC92H2 (190 mg/kg), where

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


seizures [SEP]  (190 mg/kg), where premorbid behaviors were reduced up to 40%, seizures up to 77% and death by 72%. Importantly, GNC92H2 prevented deat

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


death [SEP] morbid behaviors were reduced up to 40%, seizures up to 77% and death by 72%. Importantly, GNC92H2 prevented death even post-cocaine

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


raloxifene [SEP] The effects of short-term raloxifene therapy on fibrinolysis markers: TAFI, tPA, and PAI-1.


raloxifene [SEP] levels were studied for the evaluation of short-term effects of raloxifene administration in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Thirty-nine po


osteopenia [SEP] enopausal women. METHODS: Thirty-nine postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis were included in this prospective, controlled c

Bone Diseases, Metabolic [SEP]


osteoporosis [SEP] n. METHODS: Thirty-nine postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis were included in this prospective, controlled clinical study. T


raloxifene hydrochloride [SEP] ective, controlled clinical study. Twenty-five women were given raloxifene hydrochloride (60 mg/day) plus calcium (500 mg/day). Age-matched controls (n


calcium [SEP] five women were given raloxifene hydrochloride (60 mg/day) plus calcium (500 mg/day). Age-matched controls (n = 14) were given only cal

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


amenorrhea [SEP] etween baseline TAFI antigen concentrations and the duration of amenorrhea (P < 0.05; r = 0.33). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the increased

Amenorrhea [SEP] Absence of menstruation.


venous thromboembolism [SEP] 5; r = 0.33). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the increased risk of venous thromboembolism due to raloxifene treatment may be related to increased tPA lev


Ketoconazole [SEP] Ketoconazole induced torsades de pointes without concomitant use of QT inter

Ketoconazole [SEP] Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.


torsades de pointes [SEP] Ketoconazole induced torsades de pointes without concomitant use of QT interval-prolonging drug.

Torsades de Pointes [SEP] A malignant form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by HEART RATE between 200 and 250 beats per minute


Ketoconazole [SEP] Ketoconazole is not known to be proarrhythmic without concomitant use of QT


coronary artery disease [SEP] ant use of QT interval-prolonging drugs. We report a woman with coronary artery disease who developed a markedly prolonged QT interval and torsades de

Coronary Artery Disease [SEP] Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerot


prolonged QT interval [SEP] t a woman with coronary artery disease who developed a markedly prolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes (TdP) after taking ketoconazole for tre

Long QT Syndrome [SEP] A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by


torsades de pointes [SEP] tery disease who developed a markedly prolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes (TdP) after taking ketoconazole for treatment of fungal infecti


TdP [SEP] loped a markedly prolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes (TdP) after taking ketoconazole for treatment of fungal infection. H


ketoconazole [SEP] rolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes (TdP) after taking ketoconazole for treatment of fungal infection. Her QT interval returned to


fungal infection [SEP] des de pointes (TdP) after taking ketoconazole for treatment of fungal infection. Her QT interval returned to normal upon withdrawal of ketocona

Mycoses [SEP]


long QT syndrome [SEP] zole is administered to patients with risk factors for acquired long QT syndrome.


cognitive dysfunctions [SEP] vidence for the potential of Daucus carota in the management of cognitive dysfunctions.

Cognition Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment.


cholesterol [SEP] ects of Daucus carota seeds on cognitive functions, total serum cholesterol levels and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. The ethanolic

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


extract of Daucus carota seeds [SEP] levels and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. The ethanolic extract of Daucus carota seeds (DCE) was administered orally in three doses (100, 200, 400 mg/

Plant Extracts [SEP] Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is ev


DCE [SEP] activity in mice. The ethanolic extract of Daucus carota seeds (DCE) was administered orally in three doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) f


Diazepam [SEP] rved as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. Diazepam-, scopolamine- and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoc

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


scopolamine [SEP]  exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. Diazepam-, scopolamine- and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavio

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


amnesia [SEP]  for testing memory. Diazepam-, scopolamine- and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models. DCE (200, 400 mg

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


diazepam [SEP] versed the amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Daucus carota extract (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) r


Daucus carota extract [SEP]  by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Daucus carota extract (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced significantly the brain acetylch


cognitive dysfunctions [SEP] fore, DCE may prove to be a useful remedy for the management of cognitive dysfunctions on account of its multifarious beneficial effects such as, memo


Cauda equina syndrome [SEP] Cauda equina syndrome after epidural steroid injection: a case report.

Polyradiculopathy [SEP] Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.


steroid [SEP] Cauda equina syndrome after epidural steroid injection: a case report.

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


radiculopathy [SEP] OBJECTIVE: Conventional treatment methods of lumbusacral radiculopathy are physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, oral medicat

Radiculopathy [SEP] Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK


steroid [SEP] ods of lumbusacral radiculopathy are physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, oral medications, and spinal manipulative therapy.


Cauda equina syndrome [SEP]  injections, oral medications, and spinal manipulative therapy. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare complication of epidural anesthesia. The following ca


cauda equina syndrome [SEP] ation of epidural anesthesia. The following case is a report of cauda equina syndrome possibly caused by epidural injection of triamcinolone and bupi


triamcinolone [SEP]  cauda equina syndrome possibly caused by epidural injection of triamcinolone and bupivacaine. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 50-year-old woman with lo

Triamcinolone [SEP] A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, o


bupivacaine [SEP] rome possibly caused by epidural injection of triamcinolone and bupivacaine. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 50-year-old woman with low back and right

Bupivacaine [SEP] A widely used local anesthetic agent.


pain [SEP] NICAL FEATURES: A 50-year-old woman with low back and right leg pain was scheduled for epidural steroid injection. INTERVENTION AND

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


triamcinolone diacetate [SEP] ic imaging. After verifying the epidural space, bupivacaine and triamcinolone diacetate were injected. After the injection, there was a reduction in ra

triamcinolone diacetate [SEP]


numbness [SEP] dicular symptoms. Three hours later, she complained of perineal numbness and lower extremity weakness. The neurologic evaluation reveale

Hypesthesia [SEP] Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.


lower extremity weakness [SEP] oms. Three hours later, she complained of perineal numbness and lower extremity weakness. The neurologic evaluation revealed loss of sensation in the sa

Paraparesis [SEP] Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHE


loss of sensation [SEP] nd lower extremity weakness. The neurologic evaluation revealed loss of sensation in the saddle area and medial aspect of her right leg. There wa


neurologic deterioration [SEP] ions are rare. Clinical examination and continued vigilance for neurologic deterioration after epidural steroid injections is important.

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


testosterone [SEP] High-dose testosterone is associated with atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


atherosclerosis [SEP] High-dose testosterone is associated with atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.

Atherosclerosis [SEP] A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the AR


atherosclerosis [SEP] CTIVES: To study the long-term effects of androgen treatment on atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In a population-based study i


estrogen [SEP] on between self-reported intramuscularly administered high-dose estrogen-testosterone therapy (estradiol- and testosterone esters) and a

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


testosterone [SEP] n self-reported intramuscularly administered high-dose estrogen-testosterone therapy (estradiol- and testosterone esters) and aortic atheros


estradiol- and testosterone esters [SEP] uscularly administered high-dose estrogen-testosterone therapy (estradiol- and testosterone esters) and aortic atherosclerosis. Aortic atherosclerosis was diagnos

ethynodiol testosterone ester [SEP]


diabetes [SEP] ndex). The association remained after additional adjustment for diabetes, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, or alcohol use. No

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


cholesterol [SEP]  association remained after additional adjustment for diabetes, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, or alcohol use. No association

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


alcohol [SEP] nt for diabetes, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, or alcohol use. No association was found for hormone use less than 1 year.

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


Sirolimus [SEP] Sirolimus-associated proteinuria and renal dysfunction.

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


proteinuria [SEP] Sirolimus-associated proteinuria and renal dysfunction.

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


renal dysfunction [SEP] Sirolimus-associated proteinuria and renal dysfunction.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Sirolimus [SEP] Sirolimus is a novel immunosuppressant with potent antiproliferative acti


rapamycin [SEP] ts ability to inhibit the raptor-containing mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase. Sirolimus represents a major therapeutic advanc


nephropathy [SEP] ention of acute renal allograft rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy. Its role in the therapy of glomerulonephritis, autoimmunity, c


glomerulonephritis [SEP] n and chronic allograft nephropathy. Its role in the therapy of glomerulonephritis, autoimmunity, cystic renal diseases and renal cancer is under

Glomerulonephritis [SEP] Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including anti


autoimmunity [SEP] aft nephropathy. Its role in the therapy of glomerulonephritis, autoimmunity, cystic renal diseases and renal cancer is under investigation.

Autoimmune Diseases [SEP] Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are


cystic renal diseases [SEP] y. Its role in the therapy of glomerulonephritis, autoimmunity, cystic renal diseases and renal cancer is under investigation. Because sirolimus does

Kidney Diseases, Cystic [SEP] A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilate


renal cancer [SEP]  of glomerulonephritis, autoimmunity, cystic renal diseases and renal cancer is under investigation. Because sirolimus does not share the va

Kidney Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.


sirolimus [SEP] renal diseases and renal cancer is under investigation. Because sirolimus does not share the vasomotor renal adverse effects exhibited by


nephrotoxic [SEP] ibited by calcineurin inhibitors, it has been designated a 'non-nephrotoxic drug'. However, clinical reports suggest that, under some circu


proteinuria [SEP] st that, under some circumstances, sirolimus is associated with proteinuria and acute renal dysfunction. A common risk factor appears to be


acute renal dysfunction [SEP] ome circumstances, sirolimus is associated with proteinuria and acute renal dysfunction. A common risk factor appears to be presence of pre-existing ch

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


chronic renal damage [SEP] on. A common risk factor appears to be presence of pre-existing chronic renal damage. The mechanisms of sirolimus-associated proteinuria are multifa

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is class


angiotensin [SEP] ons, close monitoring of proteinuria and renal function, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blocker

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


angiotensin II [SEP] al function, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers if proteinuria occurs and withdrawal if neede

Angiotensin II [SEP] An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino aci


myopathy [SEP] Progressive myopathy with up-regulation of MHC-I associated with statin therapy.

Muscular Diseases [SEP] Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.


statin [SEP] rogressive myopathy with up-regulation of MHC-I associated with statin therapy.

Simvastatin [SEP] A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLU


Statins [SEP] Statins can cause a necrotizing myopathy and hyperCKaemia which is reve


myopathy [SEP] Statins can cause a necrotizing myopathy and hyperCKaemia which is reversible on cessation of the drug.


statins [SEP] on of the drug. What is less well known is a phenomenon whereby statins may induce a myopathy, which persists or may progress after sto


necrosis [SEP] stigated the muscle pathology in 8 such cases. All had myofibre necrosis but only 3 had an inflammatory infiltrate. In all cases there w

Necrosis [SEP] The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrol


necrotic [SEP] use or multifocal up-regulation of MHC-I expression even in non-necrotic fibres. Progressive improvement occurred in 7 cases after comme


prednisolone [SEP] ogressive improvement occurred in 7 cases after commencement of prednisolone and methotrexate, and in one case spontaneously. These observat

Prednisolone [SEP] A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routin


methotrexate [SEP] ment occurred in 7 cases after commencement of prednisolone and methotrexate, and in one case spontaneously. These observations suggest that

Methotrexate [SEP] An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and pre


cyclic nucleotide [SEP] Direct inhibition of cardiac hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channels by clonidine.

Nucleotides, Cyclic [SEP]


clonidine [SEP] ization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channels by clonidine.

Clonidine [SEP] An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonl


cardiovascular disease [SEP] pathetic tone represents an important strategy for treatment of cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, and chronic hear

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


arrhythmia [SEP] ant strategy for treatment of cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure. Activation

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


coronary heart disease [SEP]  for treatment of cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure. Activation of presynaptic alpha2-ad

Coronary Disease [SEP] An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow


heart failure [SEP] ease, including arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure. Activation of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors is the most wid

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


clonidine [SEP] widely accepted mechanism of action of the antisympathetic drug clonidine; however, other target proteins have been postulated to contrib


Clonidine [SEP] antly lowered heart rate in alpha2ABC-/- mice by up to 150 bpm. Clonidine-induced bradycardia in conscious alpha2ABC-/- mice was 32.3% (1


bradycardia [SEP] t rate in alpha2ABC-/- mice by up to 150 bpm. Clonidine-induced bradycardia in conscious alpha2ABC-/- mice was 32.3% (10 microg/kg) and 26.

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


cyclic nucleotide [SEP] maker cells and the I(f)-generating hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) 2 and HCN4 channels in transfected HEK293 cells. As

Nucleotides, Cyclic [SEP]


smoking [SEP] Influence of smoking on developing cochlea. Does smoking during pregnancy affect the

Smoke [SEP]


smoking [SEP] OBJECTIVE: Maternal tobacco smoking has negative effects on fetal growth. The influence of smoking

Smoke [SEP]


hearing loss [SEP] estimated, although smoking has been positively associated with hearing loss in adults. The objective of this study was to determine the eff

Hearing Loss [SEP] A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.


hearing impairment [SEP] DS: This study was undertaken as part of neonatal screening for hearing impairment and involved both ears of 200 newborns. Newborns whose mothers


Neuroinflammation [SEP] Neuroinflammation and behavioral abnormalities after neonatal terbutaline treatme

Neurogenic Inflammation [SEP] Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascul


behavioral abnormalities [SEP] Neuroinflammation and behavioral abnormalities after neonatal terbutaline treatment in rats: implications for

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


terbutaline [SEP] Neuroinflammation and behavioral abnormalities after neonatal terbutaline treatment in rats: implications for autism.

Terbutaline [SEP] A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.


autism [SEP]  after neonatal terbutaline treatment in rats: implications for autism.

Autistic Disorder [SEP] A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interacti


Autism [SEP] Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting before 3 years of a


neurodevelopmental disorder [SEP] Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting before 3 years of age with deficits in communication

Developmental Disabilities [SEP] Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These i


deficits in communication and social skills [SEP] urodevelopmental disorder presenting before 3 years of age with deficits in communication and social skills and repetitive behaviors. In addition to genetic influences, re

Communication Disorders [SEP] Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g


repetitive behaviors [SEP] ars of age with deficits in communication and social skills and repetitive behaviors. In addition to genetic influences, recent studies suggest that


autism [SEP] t that prenatal drug or chemical exposures are risk factors for autism. Terbutaline, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist used to arrest prete


Terbutaline [SEP] renatal drug or chemical exposures are risk factors for autism. Terbutaline, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist used to arrest preterm labor, has


preterm labor [SEP] utism. Terbutaline, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist used to arrest preterm labor, has been associated with increased concordance for autism in d

Obstetric Labor, Premature [SEP] Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime d


terbutaline [SEP] rdance for autism in dizygotic twins. We studied the effects of terbutaline on microglial activation in different brain regions and behavio


behavioral abnormalities [SEP] ctivation associated with innate neuroinflammatory pathways and behavioral abnormalities, similar to those described in autism. This study provides a us


autism spectrum disorders [SEP] el for understanding the neuropathological processes underlying autism spectrum disorders.

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive [SEP] Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. Th


myocarditis [SEP] Acute myocarditis associated with clozapine.

Myocarditis [SEP] Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCY


clozapine [SEP] Acute myocarditis associated with clozapine.

Clozapine [SEP] A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system rec


myocarditis [SEP] OBJECTIVE: A case of acute myocarditis associated with the commencement of clozapine is described, hig


clozapine [SEP] A case of acute myocarditis associated with the commencement of clozapine is described, highlighting the onset, course and possible contr


schizophrenia [SEP] complication of clozapine use. RESULTS: A 20-year-old male with schizophrenia developed a sudden onset of myocarditis after commencement of c

Schizophrenia [SEP] A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALL


antidepressant [SEP] etting. Possible contributing factors may have been concomitant antidepressant use and unaccustomed physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Myocarditi

Antidepressive Agents [SEP] Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE


Myocarditis [SEP] depressant use and unaccustomed physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Myocarditis is an increasingly recognized complication associated with the


psychosis [SEP] t clozapine remains the gold standard in treatment of resistant psychosis, there is an urgent need to raise awareness among medical and p

Psychotic Disorders [SEP] Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent halluc


Encephalopathy [SEP] Encephalopathy induced by levetiracetam added to valproate.

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


levetiracetam [SEP] Encephalopathy induced by levetiracetam added to valproate.

etiracetam [SEP]


valproate [SEP] Encephalopathy induced by levetiracetam added to valproate.

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


levetiracetam [SEP] BACKGROUND: We report on the manifestation of a levetiracetam (LEV)-induced encephalopathy. FINDINGS: A 28-year-old man suffe

etiracetam [SEP]


LEV [SEP] BACKGROUND: We report on the manifestation of a levetiracetam (LEV)-induced encephalopathy. FINDINGS: A 28-year-old man suffering

etiracetam [SEP]


encephalopathy [SEP] We report on the manifestation of a levetiracetam (LEV)-induced encephalopathy. FINDINGS: A 28-year-old man suffering from idiopathic epilepsy


idiopathic epilepsy [SEP] uced encephalopathy. FINDINGS: A 28-year-old man suffering from idiopathic epilepsy with generalized seizures was treated with LEV (3000 mg) added

Epilepsy, Idiopathic Generalized [SEP]


seizures [SEP] ear-old man suffering from idiopathic epilepsy with generalized seizures was treated with LEV (3000 mg) added to valproate (VPA) (2000 m

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


valproate [SEP] th generalized seizures was treated with LEV (3000 mg) added to valproate (VPA) (2000 mg). Frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures


VPA [SEP] zed seizures was treated with LEV (3000 mg) added to valproate (VPA) (2000 mg). Frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures incr


tonic-clonic seizures [SEP] g) added to valproate (VPA) (2000 mg). Frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures increased from one per 6 months to two per month. Neuropsycholo

Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic [SEP] A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk


impaired word fluency, psychomotor speed and working memory [SEP] er 6 months to two per month. Neuropsychological testing showed impaired word fluency, psychomotor speed and working memory. The interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) showed a generalized

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


seizure [SEP] ear-old man suffering from idiopathic epilepsy with generalized seizures was treated with LEV (3000 mg) added to valproate (VPA) (2000


Norepinephrine [SEP] Norepinephrine signaling through beta-adrenergic receptors is critical for exp

Norepinephrine [SEP] Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Nor


cocaine [SEP] through beta-adrenergic receptors is critical for expression of cocaine-induced anxiety.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


anxiety [SEP] energic receptors is critical for expression of cocaine-induced anxiety.

Anxiety Disorders [SEP] Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.


Cocaine [SEP] BACKGROUND: Cocaine is a widely abused psychostimulant that has both rewarding and


cocaine [SEP] arding and aversive properties. While the mechanisms underlying cocaine's rewarding effects have been studied extensively, less attenti


anxiety [SEP] to the unpleasant behavioral states induced by cocaine, such as anxiety. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the performance of dopami


dopamine [SEP] nxiety. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the performance of dopamine beta-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-) mice, which lack norepineph

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


norepinephrine [SEP] f dopamine beta-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-) mice, which lack norepinephrine (NE), in the elevated plus maze (EPM) to examine the contributi


NE [SEP] hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-) mice, which lack norepinephrine (NE), in the elevated plus maze (EPM) to examine the contribution o


disulfiram [SEP] was also attenuated in Dbh +/- mice following administration of disulfiram, a dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor. In experiments us

Disulfiram [SEP] A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly


propranolol [SEP]  that pretreatment with the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol blocked cocaine-induced anxiety-like behavior in Dbh +/- and wi

Propranolol [SEP] A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; A


prazosin [SEP]  +/- and wild-type C57BL6/J mice, while the alpha(1) antagonist prazosin and the alpha(2) antagonist yohimbine had no effect. CONCLUSION

Prazosin [SEP] A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEAS


yohimbine [SEP] le the alpha(1) antagonist prazosin and the alpha(2) antagonist yohimbine had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that noradre

Yohimbine [SEP] A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECT