Coniine [SEP] Coniine, an alkaloid from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), has been s

coniine [SEP]


arthrogryposis [SEP] o be teratogenic in livestock. The major teratogenic outcome is arthrogryposis, presumably due to nicotinic receptor blockade. However, coniin

Arthrogryposis [SEP] Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint.


coniine [SEP] yposis, presumably due to nicotinic receptor blockade. However, coniine has failed to produce arthrogryposis in rats or mice and is onl

coniine [SEP]


nicotine [SEP] is study was to evaluate and compare the effects of coniine and nicotine in the developing chick. Concentrations of coniine and nicotine

Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimu


deformations [SEP] and 6% and 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Both compounds caused deformations and lethality in a dose-dependent manner. All concentrations of

Musculoskeletal Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collect


excessive flexion or extension of one or more toes [SEP] e deformations caused by both coniine and nicotine sulfate were excessive flexion or extension of one or more toes. No histopathological alterations or differences in bone format


cranial hemorrhage [SEP]  limbs or toes of any chicks from any group; however, extensive cranial hemorrhage occurred in all nicotine sulfate-treated chicks. There was a st

Cerebral Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with


prostaglandin E1 [SEP] Epidural blood flow during prostaglandin E1 or trimethaphan induced hypotension.

Alprostadil [SEP] A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.


trimethaphan [SEP] Epidural blood flow during prostaglandin E1 or trimethaphan induced hypotension.

Trimethaphan [SEP] A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hy


hypotension [SEP] ural blood flow during prostaglandin E1 or trimethaphan induced hypotension.

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


prostaglandin E1 [SEP] To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or trimethaphan (TMP) induced hypotension on epidural bl


PGE1 [SEP] To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or trimethaphan (TMP) induced hypotension on epidural blood fl


trimethaphan [SEP] To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or trimethaphan (TMP) induced hypotension on epidural blood flow (EBF) during s


TMP [SEP] evaluate the effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or trimethaphan (TMP) induced hypotension on epidural blood flow (EBF) during spinal


hypotension [SEP] effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or trimethaphan (TMP) induced hypotension on epidural blood flow (EBF) during spinal surgery, EBF was mea


isoflurane [SEP] 0 patients who underwent postero-lateral interbody fusion under isoflurane anaesthesia. An initial dose of 0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of PGE

Isoflurane [SEP] A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.


hypotensive [SEP] in the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at about 60 mmHg. The hypotensive drug was discontinued at the completion of the operative proced


axonal damage [SEP] tochemical studies with antibodies to neurofilament proteins on axonal damage in experimental focal lesions in rat.

Basal Ganglia Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (mos


axonal injury [SEP] d high molecular weight class, NF-M and NF-H, was used to study axonal injury in the borderzone of focal lesions in rats. Focal injury in the


injury in the cortex [SEP] axonal injury in the borderzone of focal lesions in rats. Focal injury in the cortex was produced by infusion of lactate at acid pH or by stab cause


lactate [SEP] in rats. Focal injury in the cortex was produced by infusion of lactate at acid pH or by stab caused by needle insertion. Infarcts in s

Lactic Acid [SEP] A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent


Infarcts in substantia nigra pars reticulata [SEP] on of lactate at acid pH or by stab caused by needle insertion. Infarcts in substantia nigra pars reticulata were evoked by prolonged pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Cerebral Infarction [SEP] The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of th


pilocarpine [SEP] ts in substantia nigra pars reticulata were evoked by prolonged pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Immunohistochemical staining for NF

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


status epilepticus [SEP] ra pars reticulata were evoked by prolonged pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Immunohistochemical staining for NFs showed characteristic ter

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


axonal damage [SEP] se immunohistochemical changes of NFs can serve as a marker for axonal damage in various experimental traumatic or ischemic lesions.


traumatic [SEP] can serve as a marker for axonal damage in various experimental traumatic or ischemic lesions.

Wounds and Injuries [SEP] Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural con


Parkinson disability [SEP] Increase of Parkinson disability after fluoxetine medication.

Movement Disorders [SEP] Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerati


fluoxetine [SEP] Increase of Parkinson disability after fluoxetine medication.

Fluoxetine [SEP] The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effec


Depression [SEP] Depression is a major clinical feature of Parkinson's disease. We report t

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Depression is a major clinical feature of Parkinson's disease. We report the increased amount of motor disability in four pat

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


motor disability [SEP] ature of Parkinson's disease. We report the increased amount of motor disability in four patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after expo


idiopathic Parkinson's disease [SEP]  the increased amount of motor disability in four patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine. The possibilit


antidepressant [SEP] ients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine. The possibility of a clinically relevant dopamine-a

Antidepressive Agents [SEP] Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE


fluoxetine [SEP] pathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine. The possibility of a clinically relevant dopamine-antagonistic


dopamine [SEP] depressant fluoxetine. The possibility of a clinically relevant dopamine-antagonistic capacity of fluoxetine in Parkinson's disease pati

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


Acetaminophen [SEP] Acetaminophen-induced hypotension.

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


hypotension [SEP] Acetaminophen-induced hypotension.


acetaminophen [SEP] Through 30 years of widespread use, acetaminophen has been shown to be a remarkably safe medication in therapeuti


cardiovascular toxicities [SEP] therapeutic dosages. The potential for acetaminophen to produce cardiovascular toxicities is very low. However, acetaminophen has been demonstrated to pr

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


anaphylaxis [SEP] ver, acetaminophen has been demonstrated to produce symptoms of anaphylaxis, including hypotension, in sensitive individuals. This article

Anaphylaxis [SEP] An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progres


hypotension [SEP] been demonstrated to produce symptoms of anaphylaxis, including hypotension, in sensitive individuals. This article describes two criticall

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


critically ill [SEP] potension, in sensitive individuals. This article describes two critically ill patients in whom transient episodes of hypotension reproducibly

Critical Illness [SEP] A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.


allergic reactions [SEP] eloped after administration of acetaminophen. Other symptoms of allergic reactions were not clinically detectable. The hypotensive episodes were s

Drug Hypersensitivity [SEP] Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.


hypotensive [SEP] ptoms of allergic reactions were not clinically detectable. The hypotensive episodes were severe enough to require vasopressor administrati


hepatitis [SEP] Acute hepatitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and erythroblastocytopenia induce

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


autoimmune hemolytic anemia [SEP] Acute hepatitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and erythroblastocytopenia induced by ceftriaxone.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune [SEP] Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.


ceftriaxone [SEP] oimmune hemolytic anemia, and erythroblastocytopenia induced by ceftriaxone.

Ceftriaxone [SEP] A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.


hepatitis [SEP] An 80-yr-old man developed acute hepatitis shortly after ingesting oral ceftriaxone. Although the transami


ceftriaxone [SEP] -old man developed acute hepatitis shortly after ingesting oral ceftriaxone. Although the transaminases gradually returned to baseline afte


beta lactam [SEP] nsaminases gradually returned to baseline after withholding the beta lactam antibiotic, there was a gradual increase in serum bilirubin and

beta-Lactams [SEP] Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based


bilirubin [SEP] e beta lactam antibiotic, there was a gradual increase in serum bilirubin and a decrease in hemoglobin concentration caused by an autoimm

Bilirubin [SEP] A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.


autoimmune hemolytic anemia [SEP] lirubin and a decrease in hemoglobin concentration caused by an autoimmune hemolytic anemia and erythroblastocytopenia. These responded to systemic steroid


steroids [SEP]  anemia and erythroblastocytopenia. These responded to systemic steroids and immunoglobulins. Despite the widespread use of these agents

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


extrapyramidal symptoms [SEP] ociated with unwanted central nervous system effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, sedation, and possible impairment of

Basal Ganglia Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (mos


EPS [SEP] tral nervous system effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, sedation, and possible impairment of some


tardive dyskinesia [SEP] ervous system effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, sedation, and possible impairment of some cognitive measures,

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


orthostatic hypotension [SEP] airment of some cognitive measures, as well as cardiac effects, orthostatic hypotension, hepatic changes, anticholinergic side effects, sexual dysfunct

Hypotension, Orthostatic [SEP] A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a


sexual dysfunction [SEP] tic hypotension, hepatic changes, anticholinergic side effects, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain. The newer atypical agents have a lower risk o

Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological [SEP] Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.


weight gain [SEP]  changes, anticholinergic side effects, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain. The newer atypical agents have a lower risk of EPS, but are as

Weight Gain [SEP] Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.


seizure [SEP] ects, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, hepatic effects, lowered seizure threshold (primarily clozapine), and agranulocytosis (clozapine

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


clozapine [SEP] function, hepatic effects, lowered seizure threshold (primarily clozapine), and agranulocytosis (clozapine only). Since the incidence and

Clozapine [SEP] A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system rec


agranulocytosis [SEP] c effects, lowered seizure threshold (primarily clozapine), and agranulocytosis (clozapine only). Since the incidence and severity of specific

Agranulocytosis [SEP] A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).


tetrandrine [SEP] Effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on experimental thrombosis in mice and human

tetrandrine [SEP]


fangchinoline [SEP] Effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on experimental thrombosis in mice and human platelet aggregati

fangchinoline [SEP]


thrombosis [SEP] Effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on experimental thrombosis in mice and human platelet aggregation.

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


platelet aggregation [SEP]  and fangchinoline on experimental thrombosis in mice and human platelet aggregation.

Blood Platelet Disorders [SEP] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.


Tetrandrine [SEP] Tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) are two naturally occurring analo

tetrandrine [SEP]


TET [SEP] Tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) are two naturally occurring analogues

tetrandrine [SEP]


fangchinoline [SEP] Tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) are two naturally occurring analogues with a bisbenzyliso

fangchinoline [SEP]


FAN [SEP] Tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) are two naturally occurring analogues with a bisbenzylisoquino

fangchinoline [SEP]


bisbenzylisoquinoline [SEP] angchinoline (FAN) are two naturally occurring analogues with a bisbenzylisoquinoline structure. The present study was undertaken to investigate the

Benzylisoquinolines [SEP] ISOQUINOLINES with a benzyl substituent.


thrombosis [SEP] n to investigate the effects of TET and FAN on the experimental thrombosis induced by collagen plus epinephrine (EP) in mice, and platelet


epinephrine [SEP] and FAN on the experimental thrombosis induced by collagen plus epinephrine (EP) in mice, and platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in

Epinephrine [SEP] The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes


EP [SEP] e experimental thrombosis induced by collagen plus epinephrine (EP) in mice, and platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vit


platelet aggregation [SEP] rombosis induced by collagen plus epinephrine (EP) in mice, and platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro. In the in vivo study, the admin


blood coagulation [SEP] gen plus epinephrine (EP) in mice, and platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro. In the in vivo study, the administration (50 mg/kg, i

Blood Coagulation Disorders [SEP] Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of facto


acetylsalicylic acid [SEP] he inhibition of thrombosis by 55% and 35%, respectively, while acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 50 mg/kg, i.p.), a positive control, showed only 30% inhi

Aspirin [SEP] The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties a


ASA [SEP] bosis by 55% and 35%, respectively, while acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 50 mg/kg, i.p.), a positive control, showed only 30% inhibitio


platelet aggregations [SEP] ositive control, showed only 30% inhibition. In the vitro human platelet aggregations induced by the agonists used in tests, TET and FAN showed the i


Gemcitabine [SEP] Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients age 7

gemcitabine [SEP]


vinorelbine [SEP] Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients age 70 years or older

vinorelbine [SEP]


nonsmall cell lung carcinoma [SEP] Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients age 70 years or older or patients who cannot receive c

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung [SEP] A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENO


cisplatin [SEP] a patients age 70 years or older or patients who cannot receive cisplatin. Oncopaz Cooperative Group.

Cisplatin [SEP] An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and inter


nonsmall cell lung carcinoma [SEP] BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is high among elderly patients, few data are available


NSCLC [SEP] ROUND: Although the prevalence of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is high among elderly patients, few data are available regardi


toxicity [SEP] rly patients, few data are available regarding the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in this group of patients. Recent reports indic

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


vinorelbine [SEP] atients. Recent reports indicate that single agent therapy with vinorelbine (VNB) or gemcitabine (GEM) may obtain a response rate of 20-30%

vinorelbine [SEP]


VNB [SEP] nt reports indicate that single agent therapy with vinorelbine (VNB) or gemcitabine (GEM) may obtain a response rate of 20-30% in e

vinorelbine [SEP]


gemcitabine [SEP] ts indicate that single agent therapy with vinorelbine (VNB) or gemcitabine (GEM) may obtain a response rate of 20-30% in elderly patients,

gemcitabine [SEP]


GEM [SEP] hat single agent therapy with vinorelbine (VNB) or gemcitabine (GEM) may obtain a response rate of 20-30% in elderly patients, with

gemcitabine [SEP]


cisplatin [SEP] advanced NSCLC or those with some contraindication to receiving cisplatin were assessed. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with advanced NSCLC


Toxicity [SEP]  progression was 16 weeks and the 1-year survival rate was 33%. Toxicity was mild. Six patients (12%) had World Health Organization Grad


neutropenia [SEP] ild. Six patients (12%) had World Health Organization Grade 3-4 neutropenia, 2 patients (4%) had Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, and 2 patients

Neutropenia [SEP] A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


thrombocytopenia [SEP] ganization Grade 3-4 neutropenia, 2 patients (4%) had Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, and 2 patients (4%) had Grade 3 neurotoxicity. Three patients

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


neurotoxicity [SEP] had Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, and 2 patients (4%) had Grade 3 neurotoxicity. Three patients with severe neutropenia (6%) died of sepsis. Th

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


sepsis [SEP] rotoxicity. Three patients with severe neutropenia (6%) died of sepsis. The median age of those patients developing Grade 3-4 neutrope

Sepsis [SEP] Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dys


myelosuppression [SEP] ients age >/= 75 years. This age group had an increased risk of myelosuppression. Therefore the prophylactic use of granulocyte-colony stimulati

Bone Marrow Diseases [SEP]


Warfarin [SEP] Warfarin-induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and vitam

Warfarin [SEP] An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the


artery calcification [SEP] Warfarin-induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and vitamin D.

Vascular Calcification [SEP] Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROT


vitamin D [SEP] farin-induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and vitamin D.

Vitamin D [SEP] A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS


vitamin D [SEP] The present studies demonstrate that growth and vitamin D treatment enhance the extent of artery calcification in rats gi


artery calcification [SEP] trate that growth and vitamin D treatment enhance the extent of artery calcification in rats given sufficient doses of Warfarin to inhibit gamma-car


Warfarin [SEP] xtent of artery calcification in rats given sufficient doses of Warfarin to inhibit gamma-carboxylation of matrix Gla protein, a calcifi


calcification [SEP] hat growth and vitamin D treatment enhance the extent of artery calcification in rats given sufficient doses of Warfarin to inhibit gamma-car

Calcinosis [SEP] Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.


calcification of the artery [SEP]  rats. Treatment for 2 weeks with Warfarin caused massive focal calcification of the artery media in 20-day-old rats and less extensive focal calcification


phosphate [SEP] he present study, there was a relationship between higher serum phosphate and susceptibility to artery calcification, with 30% higher lev

Phosphates [SEP] Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.


vitamin K [SEP] the artery media in as little as 3 to 4 days. High doses of the vitamin K antagonist Warfarin are also known to cause calcification of th

Vitamin K [SEP] A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phyto


calcium [SEP] tion and the effect of vitamin D dose on the elevation of serum calcium, which suggests that vitamin D may induce artery calcification

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


gamma-carboxylated [SEP] nalysis showed that the protein that accumulated was indeed not gamma-carboxylated. These observations indicate that although the gamma-carboxyglu

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid [SEP] Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein


gamma-carboxyglutamate [SEP] mma-carboxylated. These observations indicate that although the gamma-carboxyglutamate residues of matrix Gla protein are apparently required for its


Antidepressant [SEP] Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk facto

Antidepressive Agents [SEP] Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE


mania [SEP] Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk factors.

Bipolar Disorder [SEP] A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and rec


bipolar [SEP] Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk factors.


mania [SEP] BACKGROUND: Concerns about possible risks of switching to mania associated with antidepressants continue to interfere with the


antidepressants [SEP] erns about possible risks of switching to mania associated with antidepressants continue to interfere with the establishment of an optimal trea


bipolar depression [SEP] ere with the establishment of an optimal treatment paradigm for bipolar depression. METHOD: The response of 44 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria fo


bipolar disorder [SEP] METHOD: The response of 44 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder to naturalistic treatment was assessed for at least 6 weeks usi


manic [SEP] e Bech-Rafaelson Mania Rating Scale. Patients who experienced a manic or hypomanic switch were compared with those who did not on sev


hypomanic [SEP] faelson Mania Rating Scale. Patients who experienced a manic or hypomanic switch were compared with those who did not on several variable


DSM-IV bipolar I [SEP] who did not on several variables including age, sex, diagnosis (DSM-IV bipolar I vs. bipolar II), number of previous manic episodes, type of ant


bipolar II [SEP] l variables including age, sex, diagnosis (DSM-IV bipolar I vs. bipolar II), number of previous manic episodes, type of antidepressant the


antidepressant [SEP] erns about possible risks of switching to mania associated with antidepressants continue to interfere with the establishment of an optimal tre


serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SEP] rapy vs. antidepressant drugs and, more particularly, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]), use and type of mood stabilizers (lithium vs. anticon

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors [SEP] Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.


SSRIs [SEP] nd, more particularly, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]), use and type of mood stabilizers (lithium vs. anticonvulsant


lithium [SEP] reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]), use and type of mood stabilizers (lithium vs. anticonvulsants), and temperament of the patient, assessed

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


hypomania [SEP] tructured Affective Temperament Interview. RESULTS: Switches to hypomania or mania occurred in 27% of all patients (N = 12) (and in 24% o


bipolar I [SEP]  not on several variables including age, sex, diagnosis (DSM-IV bipolar I vs. bipolar II), number of previous manic episodes, type of ant


Caffeine [SEP] Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfoo

Caffeine [SEP] A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmac


cardiac arrhythmia [SEP] Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfood products.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


mitral valve prolapse [SEP] We describe a 25-year-old woman with pre-existing mitral valve prolapse who developed intractable ventricular fibrillation after consum

Mitral Valve Prolapse [SEP] Abnormal protrusion or billowing of one or both of the leaflets of MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows


ventricular fibrillation [SEP] th pre-existing mitral valve prolapse who developed intractable ventricular fibrillation after consuming a "natural energy" guarana health drink contain

Ventricular Fibrillation [SEP] A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (40


caffeine [SEP] energy" guarana health drink containing a high concentration of caffeine. This case highlights the need for adequate labelling and regul


retention of urine [SEP] Bladder retention of urine as a result of continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl: 2 c

Urinary Retention [SEP] Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).


fentanyl [SEP] tion of urine as a result of continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl: 2 case reports.

Fentanyl [SEP] A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is


pain [SEP] as been commonly used in the neonate to decrease the stress and pain from the noxious stimuli and invasive procedures in the neonata

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


Fentanyl [SEP] acilitate synchrony between ventilator and spontaneous breaths. Fentanyl, an opioid analgesic, is frequently used in the neonatal intens


fentanyl [SEP] tting for these very purposes. Various reported side effects of fentanyl administration include chest wall rigidity, hypotension, respir


chest wall rigidity [SEP] arious reported side effects of fentanyl administration include chest wall rigidity, hypotension, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Here, 2

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


hypotension [SEP] effects of fentanyl administration include chest wall rigidity, hypotension, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Here, 2 cases of urin

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


respiratory depression [SEP] ntanyl administration include chest wall rigidity, hypotension, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Here, 2 cases of urinary bladder retention le

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


bradycardia [SEP] e chest wall rigidity, hypotension, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Here, 2 cases of urinary bladder retention leading to renal pe

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


urinary bladder retention [SEP] sion, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Here, 2 cases of urinary bladder retention leading to renal pelvocalyceal dilatation mimicking hydronephro

Urinary Bladder Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER.


hydronephrosis [SEP] r retention leading to renal pelvocalyceal dilatation mimicking hydronephrosis as a result of continuous infusion of fentanyl are reported.

Hydronephrosis [SEP] Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated


cardiomyopathy [SEP] Combined antiretroviral therapy causes cardiomyopathy and elevates plasma lactate in transgenic AIDS mice.

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


lactate [SEP] ntiretroviral therapy causes cardiomyopathy and elevates plasma lactate in transgenic AIDS mice.

Lactic Acid [SEP] A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent


AIDS [SEP] causes cardiomyopathy and elevates plasma lactate in transgenic AIDS mice.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [SEP] An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-ly


cardiomyopathy [SEP] Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is implicated in cardiomyopathy (CM) and in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechan


CM [SEP] antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is implicated in cardiomyopathy (CM) and in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechanisms


lactate [SEP] RT) is implicated in cardiomyopathy (CM) and in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. T


LA [SEP] plicated in cardiomyopathy (CM) and in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. To de


AIDS [SEP] d in cardiomyopathy (CM) and in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. To determine m


mitochondrial dysfunction [SEP] d in elevated plasma lactate (LA) in AIDS through mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. To determine mitochondrial events from HAART in vivo, 8-week-o

Mitochondrial Diseases [SEP] Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondri


zidovudine [SEP] pe FVB/n littermates were treated with the HAART combination of zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir or vehicle control for 10 days or 35

Zidovudine [SEP] A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modific


lamivudine [SEP] termates were treated with the HAART combination of zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir or vehicle control for 10 days or 35 days. At te

Lamivudine [SEP] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It i


indinavir [SEP] eated with the HAART combination of zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir or vehicle control for 10 days or 35 days. At termination of th

Indinavir [SEP] A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.


calcium [SEP]  mRNA encoding atrial natriuretic factor [ANF] and sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase [SERCA2]), and determination of plasma LA. Myocardial hi

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


Oral contraceptives [SEP] Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction.

Contraceptives, Oral [SEP] Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are


myocardial infarction [SEP] Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction.

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


oral contraceptives [SEP] BACKGROUND: An association between the use of oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction has been found in some, b


myocardial infarction [SEP] ociation between the use of oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction has been found in some, but not all, studies. We investigated t


progestagen [SEP] ies. We investigated this association, according to the type of progestagen included in third-generation (i.e., desogestrel or gestodene) a

Progestins [SEP] Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERON


desogestrel [SEP]  to the type of progestagen included in third-generation (i.e., desogestrel or gestodene) and second-generation (i.e., levonorgestrel) oral

Desogestrel [SEP] A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.


gestodene [SEP]  progestagen included in third-generation (i.e., desogestrel or gestodene) and second-generation (i.e., levonorgestrel) oral contraceptiv

Gestodene [SEP]


levonorgestrel [SEP] n (i.e., desogestrel or gestodene) and second-generation (i.e., levonorgestrel) oral contraceptives, the dose of estrogen, and the presence or

Levonorgestrel [SEP] A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-


estrogen [SEP] eration (i.e., levonorgestrel) oral contraceptives, the dose of estrogen, and the presence or absence of prothrombotic mutations METHODS

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


oral-contraceptive [SEP]  event, and area of residence. Subjects supplied information on oral-contraceptive use and major cardiovascular risk factors. An analysis for fact


oral contraceptive [SEP] BACKGROUND: An association between the use of oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction has been found in some,


cocaine [SEP] or ligands microinjected into the accumbal shell or core on the cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in rats.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


locomotor hyperactivity [SEP] injected into the accumbal shell or core on the cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in rats.

Movement Disorders [SEP] Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerati


locomotor hyperactivity [SEP] egions of the nucleus accumbens (the shell and the core) on the locomotor hyperactivity induced by cocaine in rats. Male Wistar rats were implanted bil


cocaine [SEP] e shell and the core) on the locomotor hyperactivity induced by cocaine in rats. Male Wistar rats were implanted bilaterally with cannu


GR 55562 [SEP] he accumbens shell or core, and then were locally injected with GR 55562 (an antagonist of 5-HT1B receptors) or CP 93129 (an agonist of

3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide [SEP]


CP 93129 [SEP] y injected with GR 55562 (an antagonist of 5-HT1B receptors) or CP 93129 (an agonist of 5-HT1B receptors). Given alone to any accumbal s

3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrid-5-one [SEP]


hyperlocomotion [SEP] 562 (1 microg/side). Our findings indicate that cocaine induced hyperlocomotion is modified by 5-HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the a


Ticlopidine [SEP] Ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis.

Ticlopidine [SEP] An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.


cholestatic [SEP] Ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis.

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


hepatitis [SEP] Ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


ticlopidine [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis, investigate its mechanism, and c


cholestatic [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis, investigate its mechanism, and compare the observed


hepatitis [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis, investigate its mechanism, and compare the observed main chara


Cholestatic [SEP] vitro in the patients, but not in healthy controls. DISCUSSION: Cholestatic hepatitis is a rare complication of the antiplatelet agent ticl


jaundice [SEP] orted but few in the English literature. Our patients developed jaundice following treatment with ticlopidine and showed the clinical an

Jaundice [SEP] A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA


Hepatitis [SEP] ic hepatitis, which resolved after discontinuation of the drug. Hepatitis may develop weeks after discontinuation of the drug and may run


cholestasis [SEP]  use of ticlopidine. The mechanisms of this ticlopidine-induced cholestasis are unclear. Immune mechanisms may be involved in the drug's he


hepatotoxicity [SEP] is are unclear. Immune mechanisms may be involved in the drug's hepatotoxicity, as suggested by the T-cell stimulation study reported here. CO


clopidogrel [SEP] s ticlopidine is being replaced by the newer antiplatelet agent clopidogrel.

clopidogrel [SEP]


sodium [SEP] Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunit mRNA and protein expression in rats with

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] channel (ENaC) subunit mRNA and protein expression in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome.

Puromycin Aminonucleoside [SEP] PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineopl


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] otein expression in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome.

Nephrotic Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] In experimental nephrotic syndrome, urinary sodium excretion is decreased during the early phase o


sodium [SEP] In experimental nephrotic syndrome, urinary sodium excretion is decreased during the early phase of the disease. T


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] We examined the abundance of ENaC subunit mRNAs and proteins in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrotic syndrome. The time courses of urinary s


PAN [SEP] f ENaC subunit mRNAs and proteins in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrotic syndrome. The time courses of urinary sodium


aldosterone [SEP]  syndrome. The time courses of urinary sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone concentration and proteinuria were studied in male Sprague-Dawl

Aldosterone [SEP] A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodiu


proteinuria [SEP]  urinary sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone concentration and proteinuria were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


Sodium [SEP]  of proteinuria were comparable with those reported previously. Sodium retention occurred on days 2, 3 and 6 after PAN injection. A si


NO [SEP] NO-induced migraine attack: strong increase in plasma calcitonin g

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


migraine [SEP] NO-induced migraine attack: strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related pepti

Migraine Disorders [SEP] A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtyp


calcitonin gene-related peptide [SEP] NO-induced migraine attack: strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and negative correlation with platelet ser

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide [SEP] Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative


CGRP [SEP] ack: strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and negative correlation with platelet serotonin


serotonin [SEP] ide (CGRP) concentration and negative correlation with platelet serotonin release.

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


calcitonin gene-related peptide [SEP] m of the present study was to investigate changes in the plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamin


CGRP [SEP] estigate changes in the plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-H


serotonin [SEP] lcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) content during the immediate headac


5-hydroxytriptamine [SEP] ne-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) content during the immediate headache and the delayed ge


5-HT [SEP] GRP) concentration and platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) content during the immediate headache and the delayed genuine


headache [SEP] otonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) content during the immediate headache and the delayed genuine migraine attack provoked by nitroglycer

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


migraine [SEP] ) content during the immediate headache and the delayed genuine migraine attack provoked by nitroglycerin. Fifteen female migraineurs (w


nitroglycerin [SEP] te headache and the delayed genuine migraine attack provoked by nitroglycerin. Fifteen female migraineurs (without aura) and eight controls p

Nitroglycerin [SEP] A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is als


migraineurs (without aura) [SEP] nuine migraine attack provoked by nitroglycerin. Fifteen female migraineurs (without aura) and eight controls participated in the study. Sublingual nitrog

Migraine without Aura [SEP] Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is character


Coronary aneurysm [SEP] Coronary aneurysm after implantation of a paclitaxel-eluting stent.

Coronary Aneurysm [SEP] Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of CORONARY VESSELS. Most coronary aneurysms are due to CORONARY ATHEROSCLE


paclitaxel [SEP] Coronary aneurysm after implantation of a paclitaxel-eluting stent.

Paclitaxel [SEP] A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized


coronary aneurysm [SEP] Formation of coronary aneurysm is a rare complication of stenting with bare metal stents, but


aneurysm [SEP] Formation of coronary aneurysm is a rare complication of stenting with bare metal stents, but

Aneurysm [SEP] Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM


thrombosis [SEP]  apposition, aneurysm formation and with the potential of stent thrombosis or vessel rupture. We present a 43-year-old man who developed a

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


paclitaxel [SEP] neurysm in the right coronary artery 6 months after receiving a paclitaxel-eluting stent. The patient was asymptomatic and the aneurysm wa


urotensin-II [SEP] Behavioral effects of urotensin-II centrally administered in mice.

Urotensins [SEP] Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many different physiological effe


Urotensin-II [SEP] Urotensin-II (U-II) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous


U-II [SEP] Urotensin-II (U-II) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system


hypertension [SEP] stem. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of U-II causes hypertension and bradycardia and stimulates prolactin and thyrotropin secret

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


bradycardia [SEP] oventricular (i.c.v.) injection of U-II causes hypertension and bradycardia and stimulates prolactin and thyrotropin secretion. However, th

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


apomorphine [SEP] tration of U-II had no effect on body temperature, nociception, apomorphine-induced penile erection and climbing behavior, and stress-induc

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


penile erection [SEP] no effect on body temperature, nociception, apomorphine-induced penile erection and climbing behavior, and stress-induced plasma corticosterone

Penile Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.


corticosterone [SEP] enile erection and climbing behavior, and stress-induced plasma corticosterone level. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the

Corticosterone [SEP] An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman


psychiatric disorders [SEP] These data suggest that U-II may be involved in some aspects of psychiatric disorders.

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


dysphonia [SEP] Recurrent dysphonia and acitretin.

Dysphonia [SEP] Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.


acitretin [SEP] Recurrent dysphonia and acitretin.

Acitretin [SEP] An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much


dysphonia [SEP] We report the case of a woman complaining of dysphonia while she was treated by acitretin. Her symptoms totally regres


acitretin [SEP] se of a woman complaining of dysphonia while she was treated by acitretin. Her symptoms totally regressed after drug withdrawal and reapp


pain [SEP] Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


pain [SEP] ral sensitization) is the mechanism accounting for the enhanced pain sensitivity in the skin surrounding tissue injury (secondary hy


tissue injury [SEP] nting for the enhanced pain sensitivity in the skin surrounding tissue injury (secondary hyperalgesia). Secondary hyperalgesia shares clinica

Soft Tissue Injuries [SEP] Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera.


secondary hyperalgesia [SEP] nhanced pain sensitivity in the skin surrounding tissue injury (secondary hyperalgesia). Secondary hyperalgesia shares clinical characteristics with n

Hyperalgesia [SEP] An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCIC


Secondary hyperalgesia [SEP] in the skin surrounding tissue injury (secondary hyperalgesia). Secondary hyperalgesia shares clinical characteristics with neurogenic hyperalgesia in


neurogenic hyperalgesia [SEP] a). Secondary hyperalgesia shares clinical characteristics with neurogenic hyperalgesia in patients with neuropathic pain. Abnormal brain responses to


neuropathic pain [SEP] l characteristics with neurogenic hyperalgesia in patients with neuropathic pain. Abnormal brain responses to somatosensory stimuli have been fo

Neuralgia [SEP] Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.


hyperalgesia [SEP] in sensitivity in the skin surrounding tissue injury (secondary hyperalgesia). Secondary hyperalgesia shares clinical characteristics with n


gabapentin [SEP] nsitization. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of gabapentin, a drug effective in neuropathic pain patients, on brain proces

gabapentin [SEP]


capsaicin [SEP] sponse to nociceptive mechanical stimulation of normal skin and capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia. The dose of gabapentin was 1,80

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


MDMA [SEP] MDMA polydrug users show process-specific central executive impairme

N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine [SEP] An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting cha


impaired social and emotional judgement processes [SEP] how process-specific central executive impairments coupled with impaired social and emotional judgement processes.

Cognition Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment.


memory deficits [SEP] In recent years working memory deficits have been reported in users of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamph

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


MDMA [SEP] nt years working memory deficits have been reported in users of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy). The current study


3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [SEP] rs working memory deficits have been reported in users of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy). The current study aimed to assess the impact of MDMA


ecstasy [SEP] n reported in users of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy). The current study aimed to assess the impact of MDMA use on t


citrate [SEP] Severe citrate toxicity complicating volunteer apheresis platelet donation.

sodium citrate [SEP]


toxicity [SEP] Severe citrate toxicity complicating volunteer apheresis platelet donation.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


citrate [SEP] We report a case of severe citrate toxicity during volunteer donor apheresis platelet collection.

sodium citrate [SEP]


toxicity [SEP] We report a case of severe citrate toxicity during volunteer donor apheresis platelet collection. The donor


hypertension [SEP] heresis platelet donor. Past medical history was remarkable for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression. Reported medications included

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


hyperlipidemia [SEP] et donor. Past medical history was remarkable for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression. Reported medications included bumetanide, prav

Hyperlipidemias [SEP] Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.


depression [SEP] al history was remarkable for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression. Reported medications included bumetanide, pravastatin, and par

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


bumetanide [SEP] , hyperlipidemia, and depression. Reported medications included bumetanide, pravastatin, and paroxetine. Thirty minutes from the start of

Bumetanide [SEP] A sulfamyl diuretic.


pravastatin [SEP] emia, and depression. Reported medications included bumetanide, pravastatin, and paroxetine. Thirty minutes from the start of the procedure

Pravastatin [SEP] An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA


paroxetine [SEP] ion. Reported medications included bumetanide, pravastatin, and paroxetine. Thirty minutes from the start of the procedure, the donor note

Paroxetine [SEP] A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.


tetany [SEP] ry rapidly developed acute onset of severe facial and extremity tetany. Empirical treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate was ini

Tetany [SEP] A disorder characterized by muscle twitches, cramps, and carpopedal spasm, and when severe, laryngospasm and seizures. This cond


calcium gluconate [SEP] cial and extremity tetany. Empirical treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate was initiated, and muscle contractions slowly subsided over app

Calcium Gluconate [SEP] The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemi


muscle contractions [SEP] treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate was initiated, and muscle contractions slowly subsided over approximately 10 to 15 minutes. The events

Crisponi syndrome [SEP]


calcium [SEP] cial and extremity tetany. Empirical treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate was initiated, and muscle contractions slowly subside

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


sodium citrate [SEP] s are consistent with a severe reaction to calcium chelation by sodium citrate anticoagulant resulting in symptomatic systemic hypocalcemia. U

sodium citrate [SEP]


hypocalcemia [SEP]  sodium citrate anticoagulant resulting in symptomatic systemic hypocalcemia. Upon additional retrospective analysis, it was noted that bume

Hypocalcemia [SEP] Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle an


loop diuretic [SEP] ional retrospective analysis, it was noted that bumetanide is a loop diuretic that may cause significant hypocalcemia. We conclude that caref

Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors [SEP] Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of t


Proteinuria [SEP] Proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients.

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


sirolimus [SEP] Proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients.

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


Sirolimus [SEP] Sirolimus (SRL) is a new, potent immunosuppressive agent. More recently,


SRL [SEP] Sirolimus (SRL) is a new, potent immunosuppressive agent. More recently, prote


proteinuria [SEP]  (SRL) is a new, potent immunosuppressive agent. More recently, proteinuria has been reported as a consequence of sirolimus therapy, althou


sirolimus [SEP] ore recently, proteinuria has been reported as a consequence of sirolimus therapy, although the mechanism has remained unclear. We retros


chronic allograft nephropathy [SEP] n, 11 women) was treated with SRL as conversion therapy, due to chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) (n = 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin c

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is class


CAN [SEP] RL as conversion therapy, due to chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) (n = 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin cancer

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


neoplasia [SEP] on therapy, due to chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) (n = 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin cancers, One intestinal tu

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


Kaposi's sarcoma [SEP] chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) (n = 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin cancers, One intestinal tumors, One renal cell carsi

Sarcoma, Kaposi [SEP] A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, us


skin cancers [SEP] opathy (CAN) (n = 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin cancers, One intestinal tumors, One renal cell carsinom) or BK virus ne

Skin Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.


intestinal tumors [SEP] 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin cancers, One intestinal tumors, One renal cell carsinom) or BK virus nephropathy (n = 2). SRL

Intestinal Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.


renal cell carsinom [SEP] Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin cancers, One intestinal tumors, One renal cell carsinom) or BK virus nephropathy (n = 2). SRL was started at a mean of

Carcinoma, Renal Cell [SEP] A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes includin


nephropathy [SEP] reated with SRL as conversion therapy, due to chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) (n = 15) neoplasia (n = 8); Kaposi's sarcoma, Four skin c


Proteinuria [SEP] . Mean follow-up on SRL therapy was 20 +/- 12 (6 to 43) months. Proteinuria increased from 0.445 (0 to 1.5) g/d before conversion to 3.2 g/


nephrotic [SEP] y-eight percent of patients showed increased proteinuria to the nephrotic range. Biopsies performed in five patients revealed new patholo

Nephrotic Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in


membranoproliferative glomerulopathy [SEP] rformed in five patients revealed new pathological changes: One membranoproliferative glomerulopathy and interstitial nephritis. These patients showed persistently

Glomerulonephritis, Membranous [SEP] A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) o


interstitial nephritis [SEP] hological changes: One membranoproliferative glomerulopathy and interstitial nephritis. These patients showed persistently good graft function. Serum

Nephritis, Interstitial [SEP] Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES an


creatinine [SEP] . These patients showed persistently good graft function. Serum creatinine values did not change significantly: 1.98 +/- 0.8 mg/dL before

Creatinine [SEP]


cyclophosphamide [SEP] haracterization of parasympathetic and sympathetic responses in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat.

Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to fo


cystitis [SEP] mpathetic and sympathetic responses in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat.

Cystitis [SEP] Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful


cyclophosphamide [SEP] In cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat, detrusor function is impaired and


cystitis [SEP] In cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat, detrusor function is impaired and the expression an


atropine [SEP] nic, adrenergic and purinergic receptor antagonists. Generally, atropine reduced contractions, but in contrast to controls, it also redu

Atropine [SEP] An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isome


alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5'-triphosphate [SEP]  preparations. In both types, purinoceptor desensitization with alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-meATP) caused further reductions at low frequencies

alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate [SEP]


alpha,beta-meATP [SEP] sitization with alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-meATP) caused further reductions at low frequencies (<10 Hz). The mus


4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine [SEP] uencies (<10 Hz). The muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP) ('M(1)/M(3)/M(5)-selective'), methoctramine ('M(2)-sel

4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium [SEP]


4-DAMP [SEP] tor antagonists atropine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP) ('M(1)/M(3)/M(5)-selective'), methoctramine ('M(2)-selective')


methoctramine [SEP] etoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP) ('M(1)/M(3)/M(5)-selective'), methoctramine ('M(2)-selective') and pirenzepine ('M(1)-selective') antagoniz

methoctramine [SEP]


pirenzepine [SEP] (1)/M(3)/M(5)-selective'), methoctramine ('M(2)-selective') and pirenzepine ('M(1)-selective') antagonized the tonic component of the elect

Pirenzepine [SEP] An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, sa


carbachol [SEP]  the tonic responses at high frequencies. While contractions to carbachol and ATP were the same in inflamed and in control strips when re

Carbachol [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.


ATP [SEP] th alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-meATP) caused further reductions at low frequencies (<10 Hz). The mus

Adenosine Triphosphate [SEP] An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in meta


potassium [SEP] e in inflamed and in control strips when related to a reference potassium response, isoprenaline-induced relaxations were smaller in infl

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


isoprenaline [SEP]  control strips when related to a reference potassium response, isoprenaline-induced relaxations were smaller in inflamed strips. Thus, in c

Isoproterenol [SEP] Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. I


benzodiazepines [SEP] Associations between use of benzodiazepines or related drugs and health, physical abilities and cognitive f

Benzodiazepines [SEP] A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


benzodiazepines [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To describe associations between the use of benzodiazepines or related drugs (BZDs/RDs) and health, functional abilities an


BZDs [SEP] sociations between the use of benzodiazepines or related drugs (BZDs/RDs) and health, functional abilities and cognitive function in


oxazepam [SEP] for confounding variables. The residual serum concentrations of oxazepam, temazepam and zopiclone were analysed. RESULTS: The mean +/- S

Oxazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.


temazepam [SEP] nding variables. The residual serum concentrations of oxazepam, temazepam and zopiclone were analysed. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD duration

Temazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.


zopiclone [SEP] s. The residual serum concentrations of oxazepam, temazepam and zopiclone were analysed. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD duration of BZD/RD use

zopiclone [SEP]


dementia [SEP] ith effects on the CNS, which tended to be related to diagnosed dementia. After adjustment for these variables as confounders, use of BZ

Dementia [SEP] An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occup


dizziness [SEP] sured by the MMSE. However, use of BZDs/RDs was associated with dizziness, inability to sleep after awaking at night and tiredness in the

Dizziness [SEP] An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.


inability to sleep [SEP] e MMSE. However, use of BZDs/RDs was associated with dizziness, inability to sleep after awaking at night and tiredness in the mornings during the

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders [SEP] Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in a


tiredness [SEP] d with dizziness, inability to sleep after awaking at night and tiredness in the mornings during the week prior to admission and with str

Fatigue [SEP] The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and re


depressive symptoms [SEP] e mornings during the week prior to admission and with stronger depressive symptoms measured at the beginning of the hospital stay. Use of BZDs/RDs

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


vocal fold palsy [SEP] Acute vocal fold palsy after acute disulfiram intoxication.

Vocal Cord Paralysis [SEP] Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM,


disulfiram [SEP] Acute vocal fold palsy after acute disulfiram intoxication.

Disulfiram [SEP] A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] Acute peripheral neuropathy caused by a disulfiram overdose is very rare and there is no re

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


disulfiram [SEP] Acute peripheral neuropathy caused by a disulfiram overdose is very rare and there is no report of it leading to v


overdose [SEP] Acute peripheral neuropathy caused by a disulfiram overdose is very rare and there is no report of it leading to vocal fold

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


vocal fold palsy [SEP] m overdose is very rare and there is no report of it leading to vocal fold palsy. A 49-year-old woman was transferred to our department because


quadriparesis [SEP]  49-year-old woman was transferred to our department because of quadriparesis, lancinating pain, sensory loss, and paresthesia of the distal

Quadriplegia [SEP] Severe or complete loss of motor function in all four limbs which may result from BRAIN DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHER


pain [SEP] sferred to our department because of quadriparesis, lancinating pain, sensory loss, and paresthesia of the distal limbs. One month p

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


sensory loss [SEP] d to our department because of quadriparesis, lancinating pain, sensory loss, and paresthesia of the distal limbs. One month previously, she

Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type Ie [SEP]


paresthesia [SEP] t because of quadriparesis, lancinating pain, sensory loss, and paresthesia of the distal limbs. One month previously, she had taken a sing

Paresthesia [SEP] Subjective cutaneous sensations (e.g., cold, warmth, tingling, pressure, etc.) that are experienced spontaneously in the absence


ALCOHOL [SEP]  she had taken a single high dose of disulfiram (130 tablets of ALCOHOL STOP TAB, Shin-Poong Pharm. Co., Ansan, Korea) in a suicide att

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


ataxia [SEP] ingestion, she was in a confused state and had mild to moderate ataxia and giddiness. She noticed hoarseness and distally accentuated

Ataxia [SEP] Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes,


giddiness [SEP] she was in a confused state and had mild to moderate ataxia and giddiness. She noticed hoarseness and distally accentuated motor and sens


hoarseness [SEP] tate and had mild to moderate ataxia and giddiness. She noticed hoarseness and distally accentuated motor and sensory dysfunction after sh

Hoarseness [SEP] An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.


polyneuropathy [SEP] conduction study was consistent with severe sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. Laryngeal electromyography (thyroarytenoid muscle) showed ampl

Polyneuropathies [SEP] Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral dist


palsy [SEP] is very rare and there is no report of it leading to vocal fold palsy. A 49-year-old woman was transferred to our department because

Paralysis [SEP] A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level


thrombosis [SEP] Higher optical density of an antigen assay predicts thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


heparin [SEP] ensity of an antigen assay predicts thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


thrombocytopenia [SEP] igen assay predicts thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


heparin [SEP]  correlate optical density and percent inhibition of a two-step heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antigen assay with thrombosis; t


thrombocytopenia [SEP] al density and percent inhibition of a two-step heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antigen assay with thrombosis; the assay utilizes reactio


HIT [SEP] cent inhibition of a two-step heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antigen assay with thrombosis; the assay utilizes reaction inh


thrombosis [SEP] -step heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antigen assay with thrombosis; the assay utilizes reaction inhibition characteristics of a hi


thrombotic [SEP]  a 2.8-fold increased risk of thrombosis in females. Similarly, thrombotic risk increased with age and OD values. CONCLUSION: Higher OD is


retinal vein occlusion [SEP] Central retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene-induced ovulation.

Retinal Vein Occlusion [SEP] Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHER


clomiphene [SEP] Central retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene-induced ovulation.

Clomiphene [SEP] A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that EN


retinal vein occlusion [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: Case study. SE


clomiphene citrate [SEP] report a case of central retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Ophthalmology clinic of an a


CC [SEP] tral retinal vein occlusion associated with clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Ophthalmology clinic of an acade


infertility [SEP] mic hospital. PATIENT(S): A 36-year-old woman referred from the infertility clinic for blurred vision. INTERVENTION(S): Ophthalmic examinat

Infertility, Female [SEP] Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.


blurred vision [SEP] ): A 36-year-old woman referred from the infertility clinic for blurred vision. INTERVENTION(S): Ophthalmic examination after CC therapy. MAIN

Vision Disorders [SEP] Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peri


thromboembolic [SEP] on after eight courses of CC. A search of the literature on the thromboembolic complications of CC does not include this severe ophthalmic com

Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


visual disturbance [SEP]  not include this severe ophthalmic complication, although mild visual disturbance after CC intake is not uncommon. CONCLUSION(S): This is the fir


Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine-induced nystagmus correlates with midpontine activation.

Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimu


nystagmus [SEP] Nicotine-induced nystagmus correlates with midpontine activation.

Nystagmus, Pathologic [SEP] Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one dire


nicotine [SEP] The pathomechanism of nicotine-induced nystagmus (NIN) is unknown. The aim of this study was t


nystagmus [SEP] The pathomechanism of nicotine-induced nystagmus (NIN) is unknown. The aim of this study was to delineate brain


NIN [SEP] The pathomechanism of nicotine-induced nystagmus (NIN) is unknown. The aim of this study was to delineate brain struc


oxygen [SEP] e registered using video-oculography. NIN correlated with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity levels in a midpontine site in

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


verapamil [SEP] Protective effect of verapamil on gastric hemorrhagic ulcers in severe atherosclerotic rats.

Verapamil [SEP] A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.


gastric hemorrhagic [SEP] Protective effect of verapamil on gastric hemorrhagic ulcers in severe atherosclerotic rats.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.


ulcers [SEP] Protective effect of verapamil on gastric hemorrhagic ulcers in severe atherosclerotic rats.

Ulcer [SEP] A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


atherosclerotic [SEP] ive effect of verapamil on gastric hemorrhagic ulcers in severe atherosclerotic rats.

Atherosclerosis [SEP] A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the AR


gastric hemorrhage [SEP] Studies concerning with pathogenesis of gastric hemorrhage and mucosal ulceration produced in atherosclerotic rats are lac


atherosclerotic [SEP] enesis of gastric hemorrhage and mucosal ulceration produced in atherosclerotic rats are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the role


histamine [SEP] s to examine the role of gastric acid back-diffusion, mast cell histamine release, lipid peroxide (LPO) generation and mucosal microvascu

Histamine [SEP] An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of br


ulcer [SEP]  concerning with pathogenesis of gastric hemorrhage and mucosal ulceration produced in atherosclerotic rats are lacking. The aim of t


atherosclerosis [SEP] ability in modulating gastric hemorrhage and ulcer in rats with atherosclerosis induced by coadministration of vitamin D2 and cholesterol. Addi


vitamin D2 [SEP] cer in rats with atherosclerosis induced by coadministration of vitamin D2 and cholesterol. Additionally, the protective effect of verapam

Ergocalciferols [SEP] Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a d


cholesterol [SEP] h atherosclerosis induced by coadministration of vitamin D2 and cholesterol. Additionally, the protective effect of verapamil on this ulcer

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


verapamil [SEP] amin D2 and cholesterol. Additionally, the protective effect of verapamil on this ulcer model was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were challe


luminal [SEP] eneration, histamine concentration, microvascular permeability, luminal hemoglobin content and ulcer areas were determined. Elevated at

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


calcium [SEP]  determined. Elevated atherosclerotic parameters, such as serum calcium, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentration we

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


ulcers [SEP] entration were obtained in atherosclerotic rats. Severe gastric ulcers accompanied with increased ulcerogenic factors, including gastr


hemorrhagic [SEP] hage and to ulcer was found in those atherosclerotic rats. This hemorrhagic ulcer and various ulcerogenic parameters were dose-dependently


Atherosclerosis [SEP] e dose-dependently ameliorated by daily intragastric verapamil. Atherosclerosis could produce gastric hemorrhagic ulcer via aggravation of gast


gastric hemorrhagic [SEP]  by daily intragastric verapamil. Atherosclerosis could produce gastric hemorrhagic ulcer via aggravation of gastric acid back-diffusion, LPO gener


Adriamycin [SEP] Adriamycin-induced autophagic cardiomyocyte death plays a pathogenic role

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


death [SEP] Adriamycin-induced autophagic cardiomyocyte death plays a pathogenic role in a rat model of heart failure.

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


heart failure [SEP] c cardiomyocyte death plays a pathogenic role in a rat model of heart failure.

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


heart failure [SEP] BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying heart failure induced by adriamycin are very complicated and still unclear. T


adriamycin [SEP] BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying heart failure induced by adriamycin are very complicated and still unclear. The aim of this study w


3-methyladenine [SEP]  develop a novel treatment strategy for heart failure. METHODS: 3-methyladenine (3MA), a specific inhibitor on autophagy was used in a heart fa

3-methyladenine [SEP]


3MA [SEP] treatment strategy for heart failure. METHODS: 3-methyladenine (3MA), a specific inhibitor on autophagy was used in a heart failure

3-methyladenine [SEP]


K [SEP] BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying heart failure induced by adria

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


death [SEP] on of autophagic vacuoles. CONCLUSION: Autophagic cardiomyocyte death plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure in


Confusion [SEP] Confusion, a rather serious adverse drug reaction with valproic acid: a r

Confusion [SEP] A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.


valproic acid [SEP] Confusion, a rather serious adverse drug reaction with valproic acid: a review of the French Pharmacovigilance database.

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


Confusion [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Confusion is an adverse drug reaction frequently observed with valproic a


valproic acid [SEP]  Confusion is an adverse drug reaction frequently observed with valproic acid. Some case reports are published in the literature but no syste


confusion [SEP] the French Pharmacovigilance database, we selected the cases of confusion reported since 1985 with valproic acid. RESULTS: 272 cases of c


memory deficits [SEP] Learning and memory deficits in ecstasy users and their neural correlates during a face-lear

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


ecstasy [SEP] Learning and memory deficits in ecstasy users and their neural correlates during a face-learning task.

N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine [SEP] An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting cha


ecstasy [SEP] It has been consistently shown that ecstasy users display impairments in learning and memory performance. I


impairments in learning [SEP] It has been consistently shown that ecstasy users display impairments in learning and memory performance. In addition, working memory processing

Learning Disorders [SEP] Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to


cannabis [SEP] 0 controls. To address the potential confounding effects of the cannabis use of the ecstasy using group, a second analysis included 14 p

Cannabis [SEP] The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang


Deficits in learning [SEP]  users (Nestor, L., Roberts, G., Garavan, H., Hester, R., 2008. Deficits in learning and memory: parahippocampal hyperactivity and frontocortical hy


hyperactivity [SEP] ter, R., 2008. Deficits in learning and memory: parahippocampal hyperactivity and frontocortical hypoactivity in cannabis users. Neuroimage 4

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


Ecstasy [SEP] ical hypoactivity in cannabis users. Neuroimage 40, 1328-1339). Ecstasy users performed significantly worse in learning and memory comp


neurotoxic [SEP] he vulnerability of isocortical and allocortical regions to the neurotoxic effects of ecstasy.

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


argatroban [SEP] Prolonged elevation of plasma argatroban in a cardiac transplant patient with a suspected history of hep

argatroban [SEP]


heparin [SEP] ban in a cardiac transplant patient with a suspected history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


thrombocytopenia [SEP]  transplant patient with a suspected history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis.

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


thrombosis [SEP] th a suspected history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis.

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


heparin [SEP] native method of anticoagulation for patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or HIT with thrombosis (HITT) un


thrombocytopenia [SEP]  anticoagulation for patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or HIT with thrombosis (HITT) undergoing cardiopulmonary


HIT [SEP] or patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or HIT with thrombosis (HITT) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypas


thrombosis [SEP] a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or HIT with thrombosis (HITT) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In the followin


critically ill [SEP] opulmonary bypass (CPB). In the following report, a 65-year-old critically ill patient with a suspected history of HITT was administered argat

Critical Illness [SEP] A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.


argatroban [SEP] y ill patient with a suspected history of HITT was administered argatroban for anticoagulation on bypass during heart transplantation. The

argatroban [SEP]


postoperative bleeding [SEP] doses of recombinant Factor VIIa) for severe intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma samples from before and after

Postoperative Hemorrhage [SEP] Hemorrhage following any surgical procedure. It may be immediate or delayed and is not restricted to the surgical wound.


hepatic impairment [SEP] ed elimination t(1/2) is 39-51 minutes [< or = 181 minutes with hepatic impairment]). CONCLUSIONS: Correlation of plasma argatroban concentration

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


coagulopathy [SEP] lasma argatroban may have contributed to the patient's extended coagulopathy. Because DTIs do not have reversal agents, surgical teams and t

Blood Coagulation Disorders [SEP] Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of facto


Antituberculosis [SEP] Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, progno

Antitubercular Agents [SEP] Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greates


acute liver failure [SEP] Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome.

Liver Failure, Acute [SEP] A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of H


Antituberculosis [SEP] Antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the c


acute liver failure [SEP] Antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the commonest drug-induced ALF in South Asia. Pros


ALF [SEP] ituberculosis therapy (ATT)-associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the commonest drug-induced ALF in South Asia. Prospective s


hepatitis virus infection [SEP]  70 (5.7%) patients. Another 15 (1.2%) had ATT and simultaneous hepatitis virus infection. In 44 (62.8%) patients, ATT was prescribed empirically without

Hepatitis, Viral, Human [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis wi


tuberculosis [SEP] Antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the c

Tuberculosis [SEP] Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.


icterus [SEP] f them were women. Most had hyperacute presentation; the median icterus encephalopathy interval was 4.5 (0-30) days. The median duratio

Jaundice [SEP] A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA


encephalopathy [SEP] ere women. Most had hyperacute presentation; the median icterus encephalopathy interval was 4.5 (0-30) days. The median duration of ATT before

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


cerebral edema [SEP] s 30 (7-350) days. At presentation, advanced encephalopathy and cerebral edema were present in 51 (76%) and 29 (41.4%) patients, respectively.

Brain Edema [SEP] Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular f


Gastrointestinal bleed [SEP] were present in 51 (76%) and 29 (41.4%) patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal bleed, seizures, infection, and acute renal failure were documented i

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.


seizures [SEP]  and 29 (41.4%) patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal bleed, seizures, infection, and acute renal failure were documented in seven (1

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


infection [SEP] nts. Another 15 (1.2%) had ATT and simultaneous hepatitis virus infection. In 44 (62.8%) patients, ATT was prescribed empirically without

Infection [SEP] Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.


acute renal failure [SEP]  respectively. Gastrointestinal bleed, seizures, infection, and acute renal failure were documented in seven (10%), five (7.1%), 26 (37.1%), and se

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


hepatitis E [SEP]  (37.1%), and seven (10%) patients, respectively. Compared with hepatitis E virus (HEV) and non-A non-E-induced ALF, ATT-ALF patients had n

Hepatitis E [SEP] Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HE


bilirubin [SEP] nalysis, three factors independently predicted mortality: serum bilirubin (>or=10.8 mg/dL), prothrombin time (PT) prolongation (>or=26 se

Bilirubin [SEP] A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.


Central nervous system complications [SEP] Central nervous system complications during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a single pe

Central Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spi


acute lymphoblastic leukemia [SEP] Central nervous system complications during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a single pediatric institution.

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma [SEP] A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and ot


Central nervous system (CNS) complications [SEP] Central nervous system (CNS) complications during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL


acute lymphoblastic leukemia [SEP] ervous system (CNS) complications during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain a challenging clinical problem. Outcome improvemen


ALL [SEP] ons during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain a challenging clinical problem. Outcome improvement wit


neurological complications [SEP] everity of adverse events. This study analyzed the incidence of neurological complications during ALL treatment in a single pediatric institution, focusin


leukemic infiltration [SEP]  electrophysiological findings. Exclusion criteria included CNS leukemic infiltration at diagnosis, therapy-related peripheral neuropathy, late-onset

Leukemic Infiltration [SEP] A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukem


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] ncluded CNS leukemic infiltration at diagnosis, therapy-related peripheral neuropathy, late-onset encephalopathy, or long-term neurocognitive defects

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


encephalopathy [SEP] at diagnosis, therapy-related peripheral neuropathy, late-onset encephalopathy, or long-term neurocognitive defects. During a 9-year period, w


neurocognitive defects [SEP]  peripheral neuropathy, late-onset encephalopathy, or long-term neurocognitive defects. During a 9-year period, we retrospectively collected 27 neurol


leukoencephalopathy [SEP] -line protocol. CNS complications included posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (n = 10), stroke (n = 5), temporal lobe epilepsy (n =

Leukoencephalopathies [SEP] Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system.


stroke [SEP] ded posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (n = 10), stroke (n = 5), temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 2), high-dose methotrexate

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP] versible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (n = 10), stroke (n = 5), temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 2), high-dose methotrexate toxicity (n = 2), syndrome of i

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [SEP] A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lob


methotrexate [SEP]  10), stroke (n = 5), temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 2), high-dose methotrexate toxicity (n = 2), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormon

Methotrexate [SEP] An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and pre


toxicity [SEP] (n = 5), temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 2), high-dose methotrexate toxicity (n = 2), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secreti

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion [SEP] y (n = 2), high-dose methotrexate toxicity (n = 2), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (n = 1), and other unclassified events (n = 7). In conclusion,

Inappropriate ADH Syndrome [SEP] A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of A


capecitabine [SEP] Safety of capecitabine: a review.

capecitabine [SEP]


5-fluorouracil [SEP] IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Fluoropyrimidines, in particular 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), have been the mainstay of treatment for several solid t

Fluorouracil [SEP] A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTH


5-FU [SEP]  OF THE FIELD: Fluoropyrimidines, in particular 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), have been the mainstay of treatment for several solid tumors,


tumors [SEP] l (5-FU), have been the mainstay of treatment for several solid tumors, including colorectal, breast and head and neck cancers, for >

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


head and neck cancers [SEP] ment for several solid tumors, including colorectal, breast and head and neck cancers, for > 40 years. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: This article rev

Head and Neck Neoplasms [SEP] Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus.


capecitabine [SEP] S REVIEW: This article reviews the pharmacology and efficacy of capecitabine with a special emphasis on its safety. WHAT THE READER WILL GAI

capecitabine [SEP]


renal and kidney disease [SEP] bine in special populations such as patients with advanced age, renal and kidney disease. We also explore different dosing and schedules of capecitabine

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Capecitabine [SEP] nd schedules of capecitabine administration. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-FU and was developed to fulfill the nee

capecitabine [SEP]