ESRD [SEP] End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineuri


cyclosporine [SEP] BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in o

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


tacrolimus [SEP] BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


nephrotoxic [SEP] rin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has drama

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


end-stage renal disease [SEP]  had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and tre

Kidney Failure, Chronic [SEP] The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the l


ESRD [SEP] nts who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment


chronic renal failure [SEP] spective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX onl


CRF [SEP]  the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only fro


creatinine [SEP] e groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preo

Creatinine [SEP]


renal dysfunction [SEP]  ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patie


hepatorenal syndrome [SEP]  serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 mont

Hepatorenal Syndrome [SEP] Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL),


nimodipine [SEP] Effect of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke.

Nimodipine [SEP] A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lower


acute stroke [SEP] t of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke.

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


Nimodipine [SEP] BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Intravenous Nimodipine West European Stroke Trial (INWEST) found a correlation between


Stroke [SEP] ACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Intravenous Nimodipine West European Stroke Trial (INWEST) found a correlation between nimodipine-induced r


nimodipine [SEP] West European Stroke Trial (INWEST) found a correlation between nimodipine-induced reduction in blood pressure (BP) and an unfavorable out


reduction in blood pressure [SEP] e Trial (INWEST) found a correlation between nimodipine-induced reduction in blood pressure (BP) and an unfavorable outcome in acute stroke. We sought to c

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


acute stroke [SEP]  reduction in blood pressure (BP) and an unfavorable outcome in acute stroke. We sought to confirm this correlation with and without adjustm


BP reduction [SEP] d to investigate outcome in subgroups with increasing levels of BP reduction. METHODS: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke


ischemic stroke [SEP] of BP reduction. METHODS: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke (within 24 hours) were consecutively allocated to receive place

Cerebral Infarction [SEP] The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of th


reduction in systolic BP [SEP] ). Nimodipine treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) from baseline compared with placeb


DBP reduction [SEP] ys. In multivariate analysis, a significant correlation between DBP reduction and worsening of the neurological score was found for the high-


death [SEP] icantly increased adjusted OR for the compound outcome variable death or dependency (Barthel Index <60) (n/N=25/26, OR 10. 16, 95% CI

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


Transient neurologic symptoms [SEP] Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: a lower incidence with prilocaine and

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


prilocaine [SEP] ologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: a lower incidence with prilocaine and bupivacaine than with lidocaine.

Prilocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia


bupivacaine [SEP]  after spinal anesthesia: a lower incidence with prilocaine and bupivacaine than with lidocaine.

Bupivacaine [SEP] A widely used local anesthetic agent.


lidocaine [SEP] ia: a lower incidence with prilocaine and bupivacaine than with lidocaine.

Lidocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more pro


transient neurologic symptoms [SEP] BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that transient neurologic symptoms (TNSs) frequently follow lidocaine spinal anesthesia but are in


TNSs [SEP] D: Recent evidence suggests that transient neurologic symptoms (TNSs) frequently follow lidocaine spinal anesthesia but are infreque


lidocaine [SEP] sts that transient neurologic symptoms (TNSs) frequently follow lidocaine spinal anesthesia but are infrequent with bupivacaine. However,


bupivacaine [SEP] ntly follow lidocaine spinal anesthesia but are infrequent with bupivacaine. However, identification of a short-acting local anesthetic to


Prilocaine [SEP] ocaine for brief surgical procedures remains an important goal. Prilocaine is an amide local anesthetic with a duration of action similar


prilocaine [SEP] cordingly, the present, prospective double-blind study compares prilocaine with lidocaine and bupivacaine with respect to duration of acti


glucose [SEP]  were randomly allocated to receive 2.5 ml 2% lidocaine in 7.5% glucose, 2% prilocaine in 7.5% glucose, or 0.5% bupivacaine in 7.5% glu

Glucose [SEP] A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in i


nicotine [SEP] The role of nicotine in smoking-related cardiovascular disease.

Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimu


cardiovascular disease [SEP] The role of nicotine in smoking-related cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


Nicotine [SEP] Nicotine activates the sympathetic nervous system and in this way could


cardiovascular disease [SEP]  sympathetic nervous system and in this way could contribute to cardiovascular disease. Animal studies and mechanistic studies indicate that nicotine


nicotine [SEP] r disease. Animal studies and mechanistic studies indicate that nicotine could play a role in accelerating atherosclerosis, but evidence


atherosclerosis [SEP] tudies indicate that nicotine could play a role in accelerating atherosclerosis, but evidence among humans is too inadequate to be definitive a

Atherosclerosis [SEP] A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the AR


carbon monoxide [SEP] he prothrombotic effects of cigarette smoking or the effects of carbon monoxide. Nicotine does not appear to enhance thrombosis among humans. C

Carbon Monoxide [SEP] Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, whi


thrombosis [SEP] effects of carbon monoxide. Nicotine does not appear to enhance thrombosis among humans. Clinical studies of pipe smokers and people using

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


Seizure [SEP] Seizure resulting from a venlafaxine overdose.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


venlafaxine [SEP] Seizure resulting from a venlafaxine overdose.

venlafaxine [SEP]


overdose [SEP] Seizure resulting from a venlafaxine overdose.

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


venlafaxine [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of venlafaxine overdose. CASE SUMMARY: A 40-year-old woman with major depressi

venlafaxine [SEP]


overdose [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of venlafaxine overdose. CASE SUMMARY: A 40-year-old woman with major depression took a


major depression [SEP] of venlafaxine overdose. CASE SUMMARY: A 40-year-old woman with major depression took an overdose of venlafaxine in an apparent suicide attempt.

Depressive Disorder, Major [SEP] Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.


seizure [SEP]  50-mg tablets, the patient experienced a witnessed generalized seizure. She was admitted to the medical intensive care unit, venlafaxi


nifedipine [SEP] Effect of nifedipine on renal function in liver transplant recipients receiving tacr

Nifedipine [SEP] A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.


tacrolimus [SEP] pine on renal function in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


nifedipine [SEP] The effect of nifedipine on renal function in liver transplant recipients who were recei


tacrolimus [SEP] enal function in liver transplant recipients who were receiving tacrolimus was evaluated between January 1992 and January 1996. Two groups


hypertensive [SEP] mus were compared over a period of 1 year, one group comprising hypertensive patients who were receiving nifedipine, and the other comprisin

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


Nifedipine [SEP] e time from transplant to baseline was similar in all patients. Nifedipine significantly improved kidney function as indicated by a signif


creatinine [SEP] kidney function as indicated by a significant lowering of serum creatinine levels at 6 and 12 months. The observed positive impact of nife

Creatinine [SEP]


nephrotoxicity [SEP] ths. The observed positive impact of nifedipine on reducing the nephrotoxicity associated with tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients shoul

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


hypertension [SEP] ts should be an important factor in selecting an agent to treat hypertension in this population.


Sinus arrest [SEP] Sinus arrest associated with continuous-infusion cimetidine.

Sinus Arrest, Cardiac [SEP] The omission of atrial activation that is caused by transient cessation of impulse generation at the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is char


cimetidine [SEP] Sinus arrest associated with continuous-infusion cimetidine.

Cimetidine [SEP] A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacol


cimetidine [SEP] The administration of intermittent intravenous infusions of cimetidine is infrequently associated with the development of bradyarrhyth


bradyarrhythmias [SEP] f cimetidine is infrequently associated with the development of bradyarrhythmias. A 40-year-old man with leukemia and no history of cardiac dise

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


leukemia [SEP] ith the development of bradyarrhythmias. A 40-year-old man with leukemia and no history of cardiac disease developed recurrent, brief ep

Leukemia [SEP] A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukoc


cardiac disease [SEP] yarrhythmias. A 40-year-old man with leukemia and no history of cardiac disease developed recurrent, brief episodes of apparent sinus arrest wh

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


sinus arrest [SEP] cardiac disease developed recurrent, brief episodes of apparent sinus arrest while receiving continuous-infusion cimetidine 50 mg/hour. The


arrhythmias [SEP] etidine is infrequently associated with the development of bradyarrhythmias. A 40-year-old man with leukemia and no history of cardiac dise

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


ranitidine [SEP] ration, disappeared after dechallenge, and did not recur during ranitidine treatment. This is the first reported case of sinus arrest asso

Ranitidine [SEP] A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastroin


gall bladder stones [SEP] Composition of gall bladder stones associated with octreotide: response to oral ursodeoxycholic ac

Gallstones [SEP] Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHI


octreotide [SEP] Composition of gall bladder stones associated with octreotide: response to oral ursodeoxycholic acid.

Octreotide [SEP] A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat h


ursodeoxycholic acid [SEP] all bladder stones associated with octreotide: response to oral ursodeoxycholic acid.

Ursodeoxycholic Acid [SEP] An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or


Octreotide [SEP] Octreotide, an effective treatment for acromegaly, induces gall bladder st


acromegaly [SEP] Octreotide, an effective treatment for acromegaly, induces gall bladder stones in 13-60% of patients. Because kno

Acromegaly [SEP] A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of


gall bladder stones [SEP] Octreotide, an effective treatment for acromegaly, induces gall bladder stones in 13-60% of patients. Because knowledge of stone composition i


octreotide [SEP] ion, this was investigated by direct and indirect methods in 14 octreotide treated acromegalic patients with gall stones. Chemical analysi


acromegalic [SEP] tigated by direct and indirect methods in 14 octreotide treated acromegalic patients with gall stones. Chemical analysis of gall stones ret


gall stones [SEP] rect methods in 14 octreotide treated acromegalic patients with gall stones. Chemical analysis of gall stones retrieved at cholecystectomy


cholesterol [SEP] ctomy from two patients, showed that they contained 71% and 87% cholesterol by weight. In the remaining 12 patients, localised computed tom

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


ursodeoxycholic acid [SEP] ediately after sampling. Of the 12 patients considered for oral ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, two had a blocked cystic duct and were not st


UDCA [SEP] g. Of the 12 patients considered for oral ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, two had a blocked cystic duct and were not started


gall stone [SEP] rect methods in 14 octreotide treated acromegalic patients with gall stones. Chemical analysis of gall stones retrieved at cholecystectomy


gall stone disease [SEP] iple, and cholesterol rich although, in common with spontaneous gall stone disease, at presentation some patients will have a blocked cystic duct


calcium [SEP] will have a blocked cystic duct and some gall stones containing calcium.

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


Cardiovascular complications [SEP] Cardiovascular complications associated with terbutaline treatment for preterm labor.

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


terbutaline [SEP] Cardiovascular complications associated with terbutaline treatment for preterm labor.

Terbutaline [SEP] A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.


preterm labor [SEP] ascular complications associated with terbutaline treatment for preterm labor.

Obstetric Labor, Premature [SEP] Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime d


cardiovascular complications [SEP] Severe cardiovascular complications occurred in eight of 160 patients treated with terbutaline for


terbutaline [SEP] ar complications occurred in eight of 160 patients treated with terbutaline for preterm labor. Associated corticosteroid therapy and twin g


preterm labor [SEP]  occurred in eight of 160 patients treated with terbutaline for preterm labor. Associated corticosteroid therapy and twin gestations appear t


2-chloroprocaine-CE [SEP] Neurologic effects of subarachnoid administration of 2-chloroprocaine-CE, bupivacaine, and low pH normal saline in dogs.

chloroprocaine [SEP]


bupivacaine [SEP]  effects of subarachnoid administration of 2-chloroprocaine-CE, bupivacaine, and low pH normal saline in dogs.

Bupivacaine [SEP] A widely used local anesthetic agent.


2-chloroprocaine-CE [SEP] uences of deliberate subarachnoid injection of large volumes of 2-chloroprocaine-CE in experimental animals. The possible role of low pH as well as

chloroprocaine [SEP]


neurotoxicity [SEP]  low pH as well as total volume as potential factors in causing neurotoxicity was evaluated. The 65 dogs in the study received injections in

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


bupivacaine [SEP] d injections in the subarachnoid space as follows: 6 to 8 ml of bupivacaine (N = 15), 2-chloroprocaine-CE (N = 20), low pH normal saline (p


paralysis [SEP] njection of 2-chloroprocaine-CE seven (35%) developed hind-limb paralysis. None of the animals that received bupivacaine, normal saline,

Paralysis [SEP] A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level


subpial necrosis [SEP] rds of the animals that received 2-chloroprocaine-CE, 13 showed subpial necrosis; the nerve roots and subarachnoid vessels were normal. The spin

Spinal Cord Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimening


adriamycin [SEP] Early adjuvant adriamycin in superficial bladder carcinoma.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


bladder carcinoma [SEP] Early adjuvant adriamycin in superficial bladder carcinoma.

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.


carcinoma [SEP] Early adjuvant adriamycin in superficial bladder carcinoma.

Carcinoma [SEP] A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It i


carcinoma of the bladder [SEP] as performed in 110 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Adriamycin (50 mg/50 ml) was administered intravesically withi


carcinoma [SEP] as performed in 110 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Adriamycin (50 mg/50 ml) was administered intra


Adriamycin [SEP] ts with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Adriamycin (50 mg/50 ml) was administered intravesically within 24 h after


bladder tumors [SEP] ically within 24 h after transurethral resection of TA-T1 (O-A) bladder tumors. Instillation was repeated twice during the first week, then we


cystitis [SEP] ented with local side-effects. In 24 of these patients chemical cystitis was severe enough for them to drop out of the study. No systemi

Cystitis [SEP] Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful


tumors [SEP] ithin 24 h after transurethral resection of TA-T1 (O-A) bladder tumors. Instillation was repeated twice during the first week, then we

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


tumor [SEP] ithin 24 h after transurethral resection of TA-T1 (O-A) bladder tumors. Instillation was repeated twice during the first week, then w


Hyperkalemia [SEP] Hyperkalemia associated with sulindac therapy.

Hyperkalemia [SEP] Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinicall


sulindac [SEP] Hyperkalemia associated with sulindac therapy.

Sulindac [SEP] A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the p


Hyperkalemia [SEP] Hyperkalemia has recently been recognized as a complication of nonsteroidal


indomethacin [SEP] ication of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAID) such as indomethacin. Several recent studies have stressed the renal sparing feature

Indomethacin [SEP] A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostagla


sulindac [SEP] eral recent studies have stressed the renal sparing features of sulindac, owing to its lack of interference with renal prostacyclin synt


prostacyclin [SEP] tures of sulindac, owing to its lack of interference with renal prostacyclin synthesis. We describe 4 patients in whom hyperkalemia ranging

Epoprostenol [SEP] A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTA


hyperkalemia [SEP] th renal prostacyclin synthesis. We describe 4 patients in whom hyperkalemia ranging from 6.1 to 6.9 mEq/l developed within 3 to 8 days of s


potassium [SEP]  8 days of sulindac administration. In all of them normal serum potassium levels reached within 2 to 4 days of stopping sulindac. As no o

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


Ventricular tachyarrhythmias [SEP] Ventricular tachyarrhythmias during cesarean section after ritodrine therapy: interaction wi

Ventricular Fibrillation [SEP] A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (40


ritodrine [SEP] Ventricular tachyarrhythmias during cesarean section after ritodrine therapy: interaction with anesthetics.

Ritodrine [SEP] An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.


ritodrine [SEP] This case illustrates that patients receiving ritodrine for preterm labor may risk interactions between the residual be


preterm labor [SEP] This case illustrates that patients receiving ritodrine for preterm labor may risk interactions between the residual betamimetic effects

Obstetric Labor, Premature [SEP] Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime d


cardiovascular complications [SEP] uring cesarean section. Such interactions may result in serious cardiovascular complications even after cessation of an infusion of ritodrine. Preoperative

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


potassium [SEP] tive assessment should focus on cardiovascular status and serum potassium level. Delaying induction of anesthesia should be considered wh


ephedrine [SEP] eful fluid administration and cautious use of titrated doses of ephedrine are advised. After delivery of the infant, there should be no c

Ephedrine [SEP] A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may als


phenylephrine [SEP] ndication to the use of an alpha-adrenergic vasopressor such as phenylephrine to treat hypotensive patients with tachycardia.

Phenylephrine [SEP] An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.


hypotensive [SEP]  an alpha-adrenergic vasopressor such as phenylephrine to treat hypotensive patients with tachycardia.

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


tachycardia [SEP] ressor such as phenylephrine to treat hypotensive patients with tachycardia.

Tachycardia [SEP] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturba


estrogen [SEP] histochemical, electron microscopic and morphometric studies of estrogen-induced rat prolactinomas after bromocriptine treatment.

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


prolactinomas [SEP] on microscopic and morphometric studies of estrogen-induced rat prolactinomas after bromocriptine treatment.

Prolactinoma [SEP] A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTO


bromocriptine [SEP] orphometric studies of estrogen-induced rat prolactinomas after bromocriptine treatment.

Bromocriptine [SEP] A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.


bromocriptine [SEP] To clarify the effects of bromocriptine on prolactinoma cells in vivo, immunohistochemical, ultrastruct


prolactinoma [SEP] To clarify the effects of bromocriptine on prolactinoma cells in vivo, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and morphom


estrogen [SEP] al, ultrastructural and morphometrical analyses were applied to estrogen-induced rat prolactinoma cells 1 h and 6 h after injection of b


adenoma [SEP] products for prolactin 6 h after bromocriptine treatment of the adenoma cells. An increase in the volume density of secretory granules

Adenoma [SEP] A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.


prednisolone [SEP] On two paradoxical side-effects of prednisolone in rats, ribosomal RNA biosyntheses, and a mechanism of action.

Prednisolone [SEP] A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routin


Liver enlargement [SEP] Liver enlargement and muscle wastage occurred in Wistar rats following the subcut

Hepatomegaly [SEP] Enlargement of the liver.


muscle wastage [SEP] Liver enlargement and muscle wastage occurred in Wistar rats following the subcutaneous administrati

Muscular Atrophy [SEP] Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, pr


prednisolone [SEP] red in Wistar rats following the subcutaneous administration of prednisolone. In the liver both the content of RNA and the biosynthesis of r


midazolam [SEP] Possible intramuscular midazolam-associated cardiorespiratory arrest and death.

Midazolam [SEP] A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endosco


cardiorespiratory arrest [SEP] Possible intramuscular midazolam-associated cardiorespiratory arrest and death.

Heart Arrest [SEP] Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most c


death [SEP] intramuscular midazolam-associated cardiorespiratory arrest and death.

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


Midazolam hydrochloride [SEP] Midazolam hydrochloride is commonly used for dental or endoscopic procedures. Although


cardiovascular depression [SEP] y, intravenous administration is known to cause respiratory and cardiovascular depression. This report describes the first published case of cardiorespir


cardiorespiratory arrest [SEP] r depression. This report describes the first published case of cardiorespiratory arrest and death associated with intramuscular administration of midaz


death [SEP] cribes the first published case of cardiorespiratory arrest and death associated with intramuscular administration of midazolam. Info


midazolam [SEP] rrest and death associated with intramuscular administration of midazolam. Information regarding midazolam use is reviewed to provide rec


epilepsy [SEP] Serial epilepsy caused by levodopa/carbidopa administration in two patients on

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


levodopa/carbidopa [SEP] Serial epilepsy caused by levodopa/carbidopa administration in two patients on hemodialysis.

carbidopa, levodopa drug combination [SEP]


chronic renal failure [SEP] with similar clinical features are presented: both patients had chronic renal failure, on hemodialysis for many years but recently begun on a high-fl

Kidney Failure, Chronic [SEP] The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the l


carbidopa/levodopa [SEP] cently begun on a high-flux dialyzer; both had been receiving a carbidopa/levodopa preparation; and both had the onset of hallucinosis and recurre


hallucinosis [SEP] ing a carbidopa/levodopa preparation; and both had the onset of hallucinosis and recurrent seizures, which were refractory to anticonvulsant

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


seizures [SEP] eparation; and both had the onset of hallucinosis and recurrent seizures, which were refractory to anticonvulsants. The first patient di

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


vitamin B6 [SEP] patient had a dramatic recovery following the administration of vitamin B6. Neither patient was considered to have a renal state sufficien

Vitamin B 6 [SEP] VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the


L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine [SEP] Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine.

Glycerylphosphorylcholine [SEP] A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (


amnesia [SEP] Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine.

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


scopolamine [SEP] fect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine.

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine [SEP] The present study was carried out to test the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-alpha-GFC) on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in ma


L-alpha-GFC [SEP] d out to test the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-alpha-GFC) on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in man. Thirty-two


memory impairment [SEP] e effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-alpha-GFC) on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in man. Thirty-two healthy young volunte

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


scopolamine [SEP] phosphorylcholine (L-alpha-GFC) on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in man. Thirty-two healthy young volunteers were randomly alloc


impairment of attention and memory [SEP] ings of this study indicate that the drug is able to antagonize impairment of attention and memory induced by scopolamine.


Seizures [SEP] Seizures induced by the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in rats.


cocaine [SEP] Seizures induced by the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in rats.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


benzoylecgonine [SEP] Seizures induced by the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in rats.

benzoylecgonine [SEP]


cocaine [SEP] The half-life (t1/2) of cocaine is relatively short, but some of the consequences of its use, s


seizures [SEP] atively short, but some of the consequences of its use, such as seizures and strokes, can occur hours after exposure. This led us to hyp


strokes [SEP] , but some of the consequences of its use, such as seizures and strokes, can occur hours after exposure. This led us to hypothesize tha

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


benzoylecgonine [SEP]  We evaluated the potential of the major metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BE), to cause seizures. Two separate equimolar doses (0.2 and

benzoylecgonine [SEP]


BE [SEP]  potential of the major metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BE), to cause seizures. Two separate equimolar doses (0.2 and 0.4

benzoylecgonine [SEP]


seizure [SEP] atively short, but some of the consequences of its use, such as seizures and strokes, can occur hours after exposure. This led us to hy


death [SEP]  characterized as brief, generalized, and tonic and resulted in death, those induced by BE were prolonged, often multiple and mixed i


amphetamine [SEP] Protection against amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity toward striatal dopamine neurons in roden

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


neurotoxicity [SEP] Protection against amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity toward striatal dopamine neurons in rodents by LY274614, an exc

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


dopamine [SEP] ction against amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity toward striatal dopamine neurons in rodents by LY274614, an excitatory amino acid antago

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


LY274614 [SEP] ed neurotoxicity toward striatal dopamine neurons in rodents by LY274614, an excitatory amino acid antagonist.

LY 274614 [SEP]


amino acid [SEP] striatal dopamine neurons in rodents by LY274614, an excitatory amino acid antagonist.

Amino Acids [SEP] Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits


LY274614 [SEP] LY274614, 3SR,4aRS,6SR,8aRS-6-[phosphonomethyl]decahydr oisoquinoline-3-

LY 274614 [SEP]


3SR,4aRS,6SR,8aRS-6-[phosphonomethyl]decahydr oisoquinoline-3- carboxylic acid [SEP] LY274614, 3SR,4aRS,6SR,8aRS-6-[phosphonomethyl]decahydr oisoquinoline-3- carboxylic acid, has been described as a potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-as

LY 274614 [SEP]


N-methyl-D-aspartate [SEP] rboxylic acid, has been described as a potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. Here its ability to antag

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


NMDA [SEP] n described as a potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. Here its ability to antagonize


glutamate [SEP] potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. Here its ability to antagonize the prolonged depletio

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


dopamine [SEP] ptor. Here its ability to antagonize the prolonged depletion of dopamine in the striatum by amphetamine in iprindole-treated rats is rep


amphetamine [SEP] tagonize the prolonged depletion of dopamine in the striatum by amphetamine in iprindole-treated rats is reported. A single 18.4 mg/kg (i.p


iprindole [SEP] olonged depletion of dopamine in the striatum by amphetamine in iprindole-treated rats is reported. A single 18.4 mg/kg (i.p.) dose of (+

Iprindole [SEP] A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sed


dizocilpine [SEP] longed depletion of dopamine in the striatum was antagonized by dizocilpine (MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors) or by

Dizocilpine Maleate [SEP] A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The dr


MK-801 [SEP] ion of dopamine in the striatum was antagonized by dizocilpine (MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors) or by LY274614


methamphetamine [SEP]  dopamine in the striatum in mice, given multiple injections of methamphetamine, was also antagonized dose-dependently and completely by LY2746

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


neurotoxic [SEP] mpletely by LY274614. The data strengthen the evidence that the neurotoxic effect of amphetamine and related compounds toward nigrostriata


pyridoxine [SEP] Neonatal pyridoxine responsive convulsions due to isoniazid therapy.

Pyridoxine [SEP] The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, n


convulsions [SEP] Neonatal pyridoxine responsive convulsions due to isoniazid therapy.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


isoniazid [SEP] Neonatal pyridoxine responsive convulsions due to isoniazid therapy.

Isoniazid [SEP] Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.


isoniazid [SEP] A 17-day-old infant on isoniazid therapy 13 mg/kg daily from birth because of maternal tuberculo


tuberculosis [SEP] isoniazid therapy 13 mg/kg daily from birth because of maternal tuberculosis was admitted after 4 days of clonic fits. No underlying infecti

Tuberculosis [SEP] Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.


clonic fits [SEP] h because of maternal tuberculosis was admitted after 4 days of clonic fits. No underlying infective or biochemical cause could be found. T


fits [SEP] se of maternal tuberculosis was admitted after 4 days of clonic fits. No underlying infective or biochemical cause could be found. T


pyridoxine [SEP] . The fits ceased within 4 hours of administering intramuscular pyridoxine, suggesting an aetiology of pyridoxine deficiency secondary to


phenylephrine [SEP] Reversal by phenylephrine of the beneficial effects of intravenous nitroglycerin in patie

Phenylephrine [SEP] An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.


nitroglycerin [SEP] ersal by phenylephrine of the beneficial effects of intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Nitroglycerin [SEP] A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is als


acute myocardial infarction [SEP] eneficial effects of intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


Nitroglycerin [SEP] Nitroglycerin has been shown to reduce ST-segment elevation during acute myoc


acute myocardial infarction [SEP] roglycerin has been shown to reduce ST-segment elevation during acute myocardial infarction, an effect potentiated in the dog by agents that reverse nitrog


nitroglycerin [SEP] rction, an effect potentiated in the dog by agents that reverse nitroglycerin-induced hypotension. Our study was designed to determine the ef


hypotension [SEP] ntiated in the dog by agents that reverse nitroglycerin-induced hypotension. Our study was designed to determine the effects of combined ni

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


phenylephrine [SEP] designed to determine the effects of combined nitroglycerin and phenylephrine therapy. Ten patients with acute transmural myocardial infarcti


myocardial infarctions [SEP] n and phenylephrine therapy. Ten patients with acute transmural myocardial infarctions received intravenous nitroglycerin, sufficient to reduce mean a


CaCl2 [SEP] 17, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with media degeneration features CaCl2-induced thoracic aortic aneurysm in a rat model.

Calcium Chloride [SEP] A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.


thoracic aortic aneurysm [SEP] MMP-9 expression with media degeneration features CaCl2-induced thoracic aortic aneurysm in a rat model.

Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic [SEP] An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives r


thoracic aortic aneurysm [SEP] PURPOSE: This study was designed to establish a rat model of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) by calcium chloride (CaCl(2))-induced arterial injury and


TAA [SEP]  designed to establish a rat model of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) by calcium chloride (CaCl(2))-induced arterial injury and to e


calcium chloride [SEP] d to establish a rat model of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) by calcium chloride (CaCl(2))-induced arterial injury and to explore the potential


CaCl(2) [SEP] at model of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) by calcium chloride (CaCl(2))-induced arterial injury and to explore the potential role of a


arterial injury [SEP] cic aortic aneurysm (TAA) by calcium chloride (CaCl(2))-induced arterial injury and to explore the potential role of a disintegrin and metallop

Vascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ART


NaCl [SEP] rague-Dawley rats was exposed to 0.5M CaCl(2) or normal saline (NaCl). After 12weeks, animals were euthanized, and CaCl(2)-treated,

Sodium Chloride [SEP] A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.


right heart failure [SEP] three hours after heart transplantation, life-threatening acute right heart failure was diagnosed in a patient requiring continuous venovenous hemo

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


catecholamines [SEP] uous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Increasing doses of catecholamines, sedatives, and muscle relaxants administered through a central

Catecholamines [SEP] A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.


epinephrine [SEP] a central venous catheter were ineffective. However, a bolus of epinephrine injected through an alternative catheter provoked a hypertensiv

Epinephrine [SEP] The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes


hypertensive [SEP] epinephrine injected through an alternative catheter provoked a hypertensive crisis. Thus, interference with the central venous infusion by

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


catecholamine [SEP] uous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Increasing doses of catecholamines, sedatives, and muscle relaxants administered through a centra


glutamate [SEP] Long-term glutamate supplementation failed to protect against peripheral neurotoxic

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


peripheral neurotoxicity [SEP] Long-term glutamate supplementation failed to protect against peripheral neurotoxicity of paclitaxel.

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


paclitaxel [SEP] mentation failed to protect against peripheral neurotoxicity of paclitaxel.

Paclitaxel [SEP] A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] Toxic peripheral neuropathy is still a significant limiting factor for chemotherapy with pa


paclitaxel [SEP] hy is still a significant limiting factor for chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PAC), although glutamate and its closely related amino acid gl


PAC [SEP] a significant limiting factor for chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PAC), although glutamate and its closely related amino acid glutami


glutamate [SEP] imiting factor for chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PAC), although glutamate and its closely related amino acid glutamine were claimed to am


amino acid [SEP] th paclitaxel (PAC), although glutamate and its closely related amino acid glutamine were claimed to ameliorate PAC neurotoxicity. This pi

Amino Acids [SEP] Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits


glutamine [SEP] el (PAC), although glutamate and its closely related amino acid glutamine were claimed to ameliorate PAC neurotoxicity. This pilot trial


neurotoxicity [SEP] ely related amino acid glutamine were claimed to ameliorate PAC neurotoxicity. This pilot trial aimed to evaluate the role of glutamate suppl

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


ovarian cancer [SEP] uble-blinded clinical and electro-diagnostic study. Forty-three ovarian cancer patients were available for analysis following six cycles of th

Ovarian Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin


pain [SEP] e reached statistical significance only with regard to reported pain sensation (P = 0.011). Also the frequency of abnormal electro-d

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


peripheral neurotoxicity [SEP]  supplementation at the chosen regimen fails to protect against peripheral neurotoxicity of PAC.


pain [SEP] Attentional modulation of perceived pain intensity in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia.


capsaicin [SEP] Attentional modulation of perceived pain intensity in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia.

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


hyperalgesia [SEP] tion of perceived pain intensity in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia.

Hyperalgesia [SEP] An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCIC


pain [SEP] Perceived pain intensity is modulated by attention. However, it is not known t


capsaicin [SEP] wn that how pain intensity ratings are affected by attention in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia. Here we show that perceived pai


hyperalgesia [SEP] atings are affected by attention in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia. Here we show that perceived pain intensity in secondary hypera


Testosterone [SEP] Testosterone-dependent hypertension and upregulation of intrarenal angiotens

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


hypertension [SEP] Testosterone-dependent hypertension and upregulation of intrarenal angiotensinogen in Dahl salt-sen


salt [SEP] rtension and upregulation of intrarenal angiotensinogen in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

Sodium Chloride, Dietary [SEP] Sodium chloride used in foods.


salt [SEP] Blood pressure (BP) is more salt sensitive in men than in premenopausal women. In Dahl salt-sens


angiotensin [SEP] P more in males than females. In contrast to the systemic renin-angiotensin system, which is suppressed in response to HS in male DS, intra

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


testosterone [SEP] -induced upregulation of intrarenal angiotensinogen mediated by testosterone that also causes increases in BP and renal injury. On a low-sal


renal injury [SEP] n mediated by testosterone that also causes increases in BP and renal injury. On a low-salt (LS) diet, male DS had higher levels of intraren

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


glomerular sclerosis [SEP]  progressive increase in BP, protein and albumin excretion, and glomerular sclerosis in male DS rats, which were attenuated by castration. Testoster


Testosterone [SEP] sclerosis in male DS rats, which were attenuated by castration. Testosterone replacement in castrated DS rats increased BP, renal injury, an


hypertension [SEP] ed with HS diet. Testosterone contributes to the development of hypertension and renal injury in male DS rats on HS diet possibly through up


dopamine [SEP] Prenatal protein deprivation alters dopamine-mediated behaviors and dopaminergic and glutamatergic receptor

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


schizophrenia [SEP]  that prenatal nutritional deprivation may increase the risk of schizophrenia. The goal of these studies was to use an animal model to examin

Schizophrenia [SEP] A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALL


apomorphine [SEP] ed (PD) female rats showed an increased stereotypic response to apomorphine and an increased locomotor response to amphetamine in adulthood

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


amphetamine [SEP]  response to apomorphine and an increased locomotor response to amphetamine in adulthood. These differences were not observed during pubert

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


haloperidol [SEP] ese differences were not observed during puberty. No changes in haloperidol-induced catalepsy or MK-801-induced locomotion were seen follow

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


catalepsy [SEP]  not observed during puberty. No changes in haloperidol-induced catalepsy or MK-801-induced locomotion were seen following PD. In additio

Catalepsy [SEP] A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. Th


MK-801 [SEP]  during puberty. No changes in haloperidol-induced catalepsy or MK-801-induced locomotion were seen following PD. In addition, PD fema

Dizocilpine Maleate [SEP] A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The dr


H [SEP] n following PD. In addition, PD female rats showed increased (3)H-MK-801 binding in the striatum and hippocampus, but not in the

Hydrogen [SEP] The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.008


dopamine [SEP] ts also showed increased (3)H-haloperidol binding and decreased dopamine transporter binding in striatum. No statistically significant c


nutritional deficiency [SEP] model may be useful to explore the mechanisms by which prenatal nutritional deficiency enhances risk for schizophrenia in humans and may also have imp

Malnutrition [SEP] An imbalanced nutritional status resulted from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.


proteinuria [SEP] mToR inhibitors-induced proteinuria: mechanisms, significance, and management.

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


rapamycin [SEP] r conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to mammalian target of rapamycin (mToR) inhibitors, especially sirolimus, in renal transplant re

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


sirolimus [SEP]  to mammalian target of rapamycin (mToR) inhibitors, especially sirolimus, in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropa


chronic allograft nephropathy [SEP] tors, especially sirolimus, in renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy. Because proteinuria is a major predictive factor of poor trans

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is class


proteinuria [SEP] ansplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy. Because proteinuria is a major predictive factor of poor transplantation outcome, m


glomerulosclerosis [SEP] received sirolimus de novo. Podocyte injury and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have been related to mToR inhibition in some patients, but the

Glomerulonephritis [SEP] Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including anti


ribonucleic acid [SEP] Hypothalamic prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels, prolactin signaling, and hyperprolactinemic inhibition

RNA [SEP] A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous b


hyperprolactinemic [SEP] tor messenger ribonucleic acid levels, prolactin signaling, and hyperprolactinemic inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion are depen

Hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologi


estradiol [SEP] ion of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion are dependent on estradiol.

Estradiol [SEP] The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-bet


Hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Hyperprolactinemia can reduce fertility and libido. Although central prolactin act


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] chanisms are poorly understood. We first tested whether chronic hyperprolactinemia inhibited two neuroendocrine parameters necessary for female fe


estrogen [SEP]  necessary for female fertility: pulsatile LH secretion and the estrogen-induced LH surge. Chronic hyperprolactinemia induced by the dop

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


dopamine [SEP] gen-induced LH surge. Chronic hyperprolactinemia induced by the dopamine antagonist sulpiride caused a 40% reduction LH pulse frequency

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


sulpiride [SEP] . Chronic hyperprolactinemia induced by the dopamine antagonist sulpiride caused a 40% reduction LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized rat

Sulpiride [SEP] A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid.


estradiol [SEP] tomized rats, but only in the presence of chronic low levels of estradiol. Sulpiride did not affect the magnitude of a steroid-induced LH


Sulpiride [SEP] s, but only in the presence of chronic low levels of estradiol. Sulpiride did not affect the magnitude of a steroid-induced LH surge or t


steroid [SEP] evels of estradiol. Sulpiride did not affect the magnitude of a steroid-induced LH surge or the percentage of GnRH neurons activated du

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


Estradiol [SEP] e or the percentage of GnRH neurons activated during the surge. Estradiol is known to influence expression of the long form of prolactin


cholesteryl ester [SEP] Estrogen prevents cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages induced by the HIV protease inhibit

Cholesterol Esters [SEP] Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholest


ritonavir [SEP] cumulation in macrophages induced by the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir.

Ritonavir [SEP] An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.


ritonavir [SEP] th drug therapy that often includes protease inhibitors such as ritonavir. Many patients, however, develop negative long-term side effect


premature atherosclerosis [SEP] ients, however, develop negative long-term side effects such as premature atherosclerosis. We have previously demonstrated that ritonavir treatment incre

Atherosclerosis [SEP] A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the AR


atherosclerotic lesion [SEP] have previously demonstrated that ritonavir treatment increases atherosclerotic lesion formation in male mice to a greater extent than in female mice.


cholesteryl ester [SEP] lood monocytes isolated from ritonavir-treated females had less cholesteryl ester accumulation. In the present study, we have investigated the mo


cholesterol [SEP] ted the molecular mechanisms by which female hormones influence cholesterol metabolism in macrophages in response to the HIV protease inhib

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


17beta-estradiol [SEP]  a macrophage-like phenotype in the presence or absence of 1 nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), 100 nM progesterone or vehicle (0.01% ethanol). Cells wer


E2 [SEP]  phenotype in the presence or absence of 1 nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), 100 nM progesterone or vehicle (0.01% ethanol). Cells were th


progesterone [SEP] n the presence or absence of 1 nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), 100 nM progesterone or vehicle (0.01% ethanol). Cells were then treated with 30 ng/

Progesterone [SEP] The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTER


ethanol [SEP] nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), 100 nM progesterone or vehicle (0.01% ethanol). Cells were then treated with 30 ng/ml ritonavir or vehicle in

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


cholesteryl esters [SEP] pid or total RNA was isolated. E2 decreased the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages following ritonavir treatment. Ritonavir increas


Ritonavir [SEP] holesteryl esters in macrophages following ritonavir treatment. Ritonavir increased the expression of the scavenger receptor, CD36 mRNA,


seizure [SEP] ession of P-glycoprotein in MRP2-deficient TR(-) rats resembles seizure-induced up-regulation of this drug efflux transporter in normal

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


phenytoin [SEP] access of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), we recently reported that phenytoin is a substrate for MRP2 in the BBB. However, one drawback of su

Phenytoin [SEP] An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mec


pilocarpine [SEP]  comparable overexpression of Pgp in the BBB was obtained after pilocarpine-induced seizures in wild-type Wistar rats. Experiments with sys

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


seizures [SEP] ession of Pgp in the BBB was obtained after pilocarpine-induced seizures in wild-type Wistar rats. Experiments with systemic administrat


phenobarbital [SEP] . Experiments with systemic administration of the Pgp substrate phenobarbital and the selective Pgp inhibitor tariquidar in TR(-) rats substa

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


tariquidar [SEP] the Pgp substrate phenobarbital and the selective Pgp inhibitor tariquidar in TR(-) rats substantiated that Pgp is functional and compensa

tariquidar [SEP]


injury to the brain [SEP] ause such a compensatory mechanism most likely occurs to reduce injury to the brain from cytotoxic compounds, the present data substantiate the con

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


seizure [SEP] Use of chromosome substitution strains to identify seizure susceptibility loci in mice.


Seizure [SEP] Seizure susceptibility varies among inbred mouse strains. Chromosome su


seizure [SEP] d to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to seizure susceptibility. QTLs for susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced


pilocarpine [SEP] ontribute to seizure susceptibility. QTLs for susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, have not b


seizures [SEP]  susceptibility. QTLs for susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, have not been reported, and


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP]  for susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, have not been reported, and CSS have not previously been used

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [SEP] A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lob


epilepsy [SEP] ation of mitochondrial involvement in the experimental model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine.

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


pilocarpine [SEP] al involvement in the experimental model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine.


Mitochondrial abnormalities [SEP] Mitochondrial abnormalities have been associated with several aspects of epileptogenesis, s

Mitochondrial Diseases [SEP] Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondri


death [SEP]  of epileptogenesis, such as energy generation, control of cell death, neurotransmitter synthesis, and free radical (FR) production.

Death [SEP] Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular


status epilepticus [SEP] tudy, we investigated whether increased generation of FR during status epilepticus would be sufficient to provoke abnormalities in mtDNA and in th

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


pilocarpine [SEP] omplex IV of the respiratory chain, in the chronic phase of the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. DNA analysis revealed low amou


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP] iratory chain, in the chronic phase of the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. DNA analysis revealed low amounts of a 4.8 kb mtDNA deletion b


mitochondrial abnormalities [SEP] vity was observed through histochemistry. Although evidences of mitochondrial abnormalities were found in previously published studies, our results do not


thrombotic microangiopathy [SEP] Causes of acute thrombotic microangiopathy in patients receiving kidney transplantation.

Thrombotic Microangiopathies [SEP] Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC


Thrombotic microangiopathy [SEP] OBJECTIVES: Thrombotic microangiopathy is a well-known problem in patients following renal transplanta


thrombotic microangiopathy [SEP]  following renal transplantation. In postrenal transplantation, thrombotic microangiopathy is often a reflection of hemolytic uremic syndrome. We aimed to


hemolytic uremic syndrome [SEP] plantation, thrombotic microangiopathy is often a reflection of hemolytic uremic syndrome. We aimed to determine the causes of thrombotic microangiopathy

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome [SEP] A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by


cyclosporine [SEP]  were referred to us for follow-up. Three cases were related to cyclosporine, and 1 case was secondary to both cyclosporine and tacrolimus.

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


tacrolimus [SEP] cyclosporine, and 1 case was secondary to both cyclosporine and tacrolimus. The fifth case had features of thrombotic microangiopathy rela

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


antiphospholipid syndrome [SEP] h case had features of thrombotic microangiopathy related to an antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. CONCLUSIONS: In

Antiphospholipid Syndrome [SEP] The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a var


systemic lupus erythematosus [SEP] pathy related to an antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. CONCLUSIONS: In the literature, the most-frequent cause of hem

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [SEP] A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by


toxicity [SEP] e. Other causes include drug-related (cyclosporine, tacrolimus) toxicity, procoagulant status, and antibody-mediated rejection. We found

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction [SEP] Severe reversible left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to accidental iatrogenic epinephrine overdose.

Ventricular Dysfunction, Left [SEP] A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; M


epinephrine [SEP] systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to accidental iatrogenic epinephrine overdose.

Epinephrine [SEP] The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes


overdose [SEP]  diastolic dysfunction due to accidental iatrogenic epinephrine overdose.

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


Catecholamine [SEP] Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy due to chronic excess of endogenous cate

Catecholamines [SEP] A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.


cardiomyopathy [SEP] Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy due to chronic excess of endogenous catecholamines has been rec

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


catecholamines [SEP] mine-induced cardiomyopathy due to chronic excess of endogenous catecholamines has been recognized for decades as a clinical phenomenon. In co


myocardial dysfunction [SEP] d for decades as a clinical phenomenon. In contrast, reports of myocardial dysfunction due to acute iatrogenic overdose are rare. A 35-year-old woman


overdose [SEP] rast, reports of myocardial dysfunction due to acute iatrogenic overdose are rare. A 35-year-old woman whose cervix uteri was inadverten


epinephrine [SEP] oman whose cervix uteri was inadvertently injected with 8 mg of epinephrine developed myocardial stunning that was characterized by severe


myocardial stunning [SEP] i was inadvertently injected with 8 mg of epinephrine developed myocardial stunning that was characterized by severe hemodynamic compromise, profou

Myocardial Stunning [SEP] Prolonged dysfunction of the myocardium after a brief episode of severe ischemia, with gradual return of contractile activity. I


left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction [SEP] d by severe hemodynamic compromise, profound, albeit transient, left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and only modestly elevated biochemical markers of myocardial n


myocardial necrosis [SEP]  dysfunction, and only modestly elevated biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis. Our case illustrates the serious consequences of medical error


Urinary bladder cancer [SEP] Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener's granulomatosis: risks and relation to cyclophospha

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.


Wegener's granulomatosis [SEP] Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener's granulomatosis: risks and relation to cyclophosphamide.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis [SEP] A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) l


cyclophosphamide [SEP] adder cancer in Wegener's granulomatosis: risks and relation to cyclophosphamide.

Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to fo


bladder cancer [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To assess and characterise the risk of bladder cancer, and its relation to cyclophosphamide, in patients with Wegener


cyclophosphamide [SEP] nd characterise the risk of bladder cancer, and its relation to cyclophosphamide, in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. METHODS: In the pop


Wegener's granulomatosis [SEP]  cancer, and its relation to cyclophosphamide, in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. METHODS: In the population based, nationwide Swedish Inpatient


Cancer [SEP] osis, 1969-95, was identified. Through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register, all subjects in this cohort diagnosed with bladder ca

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


L-arginine [SEP] L-arginine transport in humans with cortisol-induced hypertension.

Arginine [SEP] An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.


cortisol [SEP] L-arginine transport in humans with cortisol-induced hypertension.

Hydrocortisone [SEP] The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically,


hypertension [SEP] L-arginine transport in humans with cortisol-induced hypertension.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


L-arginine [SEP] A deficient L-arginine-nitric oxide system is implicated in cortisol-induced hypertens


nitric oxide [SEP] A deficient L-arginine-nitric oxide system is implicated in cortisol-induced hypertension. We inves

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


cortisol [SEP] A deficient L-arginine-nitric oxide system is implicated in cortisol-induced hypertension. We investigate whether abnormalities in L


hypertension [SEP] -arginine-nitric oxide system is implicated in cortisol-induced hypertension. We investigate whether abnormalities in L-arginine uptake cont


Hydrocortisone acetate [SEP] ontribute to this deficiency. Eight healthy men were recruited. Hydrocortisone acetate (50 mg) was given orally every 6 hours for 24 hours after a 5-d

hydrocortisone acetate [SEP]


[3H]-l-arginine [SEP] with L-arginine (1 to 300 micromol/L), incorporating 100 nmol/L [3H]-l-arginine for a period of 5 minutes at 37 degrees C. Forearm [3H]-L-argin


[3H]-L-arginine [SEP] ]-l-arginine for a period of 5 minutes at 37 degrees C. Forearm [3H]-L-arginine extraction was calculated after infusion of [3H]-L-arginine int


l-arginine [SEP] L-arginine (1 to 300 micromol/L), incorporating 100 nmol/L [3H]-l-arginine for a period of 5 minutes at 37 degrees C. Forearm [3H]-L-argin


increases in blood pressure [SEP] hort-term cortisol treatment. We conclude that cortisol-induced increases in blood pressure are not associated with abnormalities in the l-arginine transpo


tacrolimus [SEP] MR imaging with quantitative diffusion mapping of tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity in organ transplant patients.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


neurotoxicity [SEP] aging with quantitative diffusion mapping of tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity in organ transplant patients.

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


tacrolimus [SEP] an transplant patients who developed neurologic symptoms during tacrolimus therapy. Brain MR studies, including DW imaging, were prospecti


neurologic complications [SEP] 14 organ transplant patients receiving tacrolimus who developed neurologic complications. In each patient who had abnormalities on the initial MR study,

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


white matter abnormalities [SEP] reversibility of the lesions. Of the 14 patients, 5 (35.7%) had white matter abnormalities, 1 (7.1%) had putaminal hemorrhage, and 8 (57.1%) had normal fi

Leukoencephalopathies [SEP] Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system.


putaminal hemorrhage [SEP] atients, 5 (35.7%) had white matter abnormalities, 1 (7.1%) had putaminal hemorrhage, and 8 (57.1%) had normal findings on initial MR images. Among

Putaminal Hemorrhage [SEP] Intracranial bleeding into the PUTAMEN, a BASAL GANGLIA nucleus. This is associated with HYPERTENSION and lipohyalinosis of smal


cortical laminar necrosis [SEP] wer than normal ADC value and showed incomplete resolution with cortical laminar necrosis. Diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful in predicting the out

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


neurotoxicity [SEP] in predicting the outcomes of the lesions of tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity.


Octreotide [SEP] Octreotide-induced hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension in premature neona

Octreotide [SEP] A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat h


hypoxemia [SEP] Octreotide-induced hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension in premature neonates.

Anoxia [SEP] Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.


pulmonary hypertension [SEP] Octreotide-induced hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension in premature neonates.

Hypertension, Pulmonary [SEP] Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.


fistula [SEP] rs report 2 cases of premature neonates who had enterocutaneous fistula complicating necrotizing enterocolitis. Pulmonary hypertension

Fistula [SEP] Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.


necrotizing enterocolitis [SEP] premature neonates who had enterocutaneous fistula complicating necrotizing enterocolitis. Pulmonary hypertension developed after administration of a som

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing [SEP] ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.


Pulmonary hypertension [SEP] enterocutaneous fistula complicating necrotizing enterocolitis. Pulmonary hypertension developed after administration of a somatostatin analogue, octr


octreotide [SEP] sion developed after administration of a somatostatin analogue, octreotide, to enhance resolution of the fistula. The authors discuss the


exencephaly [SEP] Sequential observations of exencephaly and subsequent morphological changes by mouse exo utero develop

Neural Tube Defects [SEP] Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during t


anencephaly [SEP] analysis of the mechanism of transformation from exencephaly to anencephaly.

Anencephaly [SEP] A malformation of the nervous system caused by failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Infants are born with intact spinal c


Anencephaly [SEP] Anencephaly has been suggested to develop from exencephaly; however, there


exencephaly [SEP] Anencephaly has been suggested to develop from exencephaly; however, there is little direct experimental evidence to suppo


5-azacytidine [SEP] gestation mouse embryos. We observed the exencephaly induced by 5-azacytidine at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), let the embryos develop exo uter

Azacitidine [SEP] A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine,


anencephaly [SEP] e confirmed several cases of transformation from exencephaly to anencephaly. However, in many cases, the exencephalic brain tissue was pres


exencephalic [SEP] on from exencephaly to anencephaly. However, in many cases, the exencephalic brain tissue was preserved with more or less reduction during t


hemorrhaging [SEP] tion showed the configuration of exencephaly at E13.5, frequent hemorrhaging and detachment of the neural plate from surface ectoderm in the

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


circulatory failure [SEP] altered distribution patterns of vessels, subsequent peripheral circulatory failure and/or hemorrhaging in various parts of the exencephalic head,

Shock [SEP] A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.


cocaine [SEP] Acute cocaine-induced seizures: differential sensitivity of six inbred mouse

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


seizures [SEP] Acute cocaine-induced seizures: differential sensitivity of six inbred mouse strains.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


seizures [SEP]  six inbred stains were tested for susceptibility to behavioral seizures induced by a single injection of cocaine. Cocaine was injected


cocaine [SEP] ibility to behavioral seizures induced by a single injection of cocaine. Cocaine was injected ip over a range of doses (50-100 mg/kg) a


Cocaine [SEP] o behavioral seizures induced by a single injection of cocaine. Cocaine was injected ip over a range of doses (50-100 mg/kg) and behavi


Seizure [SEP] doses (50-100 mg/kg) and behavior was monitored for 20 minutes. Seizure end points included latency to forelimb or hindlimb clonus, lat


seizure [SEP]  six inbred stains were tested for susceptibility to behavioral seizures induced by a single injection of cocaine. Cocaine was injected


Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia [SEP] Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia complicating FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy.

Anemia, Hemolytic [SEP] A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red bl


FK506 [SEP] Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia complicating FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy.

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


tacrolimus [SEP] Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia complicating FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy.


microangiopathic hemolytic anemia [SEP] We describe 3 episodes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) in 2 solid organ recipients under FK506 (tacrolimus) the


MAHA [SEP] We describe 3 episodes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) in 2 solid organ recipients under FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy.


FK506 [SEP] athic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) in 2 solid organ recipients under FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy. In both cases, discontinuation of FK506 a


tacrolimus [SEP] emolytic anemia (MAHA) in 2 solid organ recipients under FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy. In both cases, discontinuation of FK506 and treatment


corticosteroids [SEP] reatment with plasma exchange, fresh frozen plasma replacement, corticosteroids, aspirin, and dipyridamole led to resolution of MAHA. In one pa

Adrenal Cortex Hormones [SEP]


aspirin [SEP] sma exchange, fresh frozen plasma replacement, corticosteroids, aspirin, and dipyridamole led to resolution of MAHA. In one patient, re

Aspirin [SEP] The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties a


dipyridamole [SEP]  fresh frozen plasma replacement, corticosteroids, aspirin, and dipyridamole led to resolution of MAHA. In one patient, reintroduction of FK

Dipyridamole [SEP] A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dip


cyclosporin A [SEP] ding to the literature, FK506 does not seem to cross-react with cyclosporin A (CyA), an immuno-suppressive drug already known to induce MAHA.

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


CyA [SEP] erature, FK506 does not seem to cross-react with cyclosporin A (CyA), an immuno-suppressive drug already known to induce MAHA.


ventricular tachycardia [SEP] Variant ventricular tachycardia in desipramine toxicity.

Tachycardia, Ventricular [SEP] An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the


desipramine [SEP] Variant ventricular tachycardia in desipramine toxicity.

Desipramine [SEP] A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine


toxicity [SEP] Variant ventricular tachycardia in desipramine toxicity.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


ventricular tachycardia [SEP] We report a case of variant ventricular tachycardia induced by desipramine toxicity. Unusual features of the arrhyt


desipramine [SEP] We report a case of variant ventricular tachycardia induced by desipramine toxicity. Unusual features of the arrhythmia are repetitive gro


toxicity [SEP]  case of variant ventricular tachycardia induced by desipramine toxicity. Unusual features of the arrhythmia are repetitive group beatin


arrhythmia [SEP] cardia induced by desipramine toxicity. Unusual features of the arrhythmia are repetitive group beating, progressive shortening of the R-R

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


Desipramine [SEP] Desipramine-induced delirium at "subtherapeutic" concentrations: a case rep


delirium [SEP] Desipramine-induced delirium at "subtherapeutic" concentrations: a case report.

Delirium [SEP] A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instan


Desipramine [SEP] An elderly patient treated with low dose Desipramine developed a delirium while her plasma level was in the "subther


delirium [SEP] n elderly patient treated with low dose Desipramine developed a delirium while her plasma level was in the "subtherapeutic" range. Delir


Delirium [SEP] irium while her plasma level was in the "subtherapeutic" range. Delirium, which may be induced by tricyclic drug therapy in the elderly,


antidepressants [SEP] yclics with low anticholinergic potency. Therapeutic ranges for antidepressants that have been derived from general adult population studies ma

Antidepressive Agents [SEP] Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE


amantadine [SEP] Mouse strain-dependent effect of amantadine on motility and brain biogenic amines.

Amantadine [SEP] An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian ag


amines [SEP] n-dependent effect of amantadine on motility and brain biogenic amines.

Amines [SEP] A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dic


amantadine hydrochloride [SEP] The effect of amantadine hydrochloride, injected i.p. in 6 increments of 100 mg/kg each over 30 hr, on


amines [SEP]  on mouse motility and whole brain content of selected biogenic amines and major metabolites was studied in 4 strains of mice. These w


Amantadine [SEP] nd BALB/C, the black C57BL/6 and the brown CDF-I mouse strains. Amantadine treatment produced a biphasic effect on mouse motility. The ini


amantadine [SEP] The effect of amantadine hydrochloride, injected i.p. in 6 increments of 100 mg/kg each


depressed [SEP] phasic effect on mouse motility. The initial dose of amantadine depressed locomotor activity in all mouse strains studied with the BALB/C

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


suppression of motility [SEP]  control in all strains with exception of the BALB/C mice where suppression of motility occurred. Treatment with amantadine did not alter whole brain d

Psychomotor Disorders [SEP] Abnormalities of motor function that are associated with organic and non-organic cognitive disorders.


dopamine [SEP] y occurred. Treatment with amantadine did not alter whole brain dopamine levels but decreased the amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic a

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [SEP]  alter whole brain dopamine levels but decreased the amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the BALB/C mice compared to saline control. Conversely, brai

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid [SEP] A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.


normetanephrine [SEP] n the BALB/C mice compared to saline control. Conversely, brain normetanephrine concentration was increased from saline control by amantadine i

Normetanephrine [SEP] A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.


catecholamine [SEP] ic amines of BALB/C mouse strain suggest a probable decrease of catecholamine turnover rate and/or metabolism by monoamine oxidase and a resu

Catecholamines [SEP] A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.


norepinephrine [SEP]  monoamine oxidase and a resulting increase in O-methylation of norepinephrine which may account for a behavioral depression caused by amantad

Norepinephrine [SEP] Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Nor


behavioral depression [SEP] ease in O-methylation of norepinephrine which may account for a behavioral depression caused by amantadine in the BALB/C mice.


phenobarbital [SEP] No enhancement by phenobarbital of the hepatocarcinogenicity of a choline-devoid diet in the ra

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


choline [SEP]  enhancement by phenobarbital of the hepatocarcinogenicity of a choline-devoid diet in the rat.

Choline [SEP] A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine,


phenobarbital [SEP] An experiment was performed to test whether inclusion of phenobarbital in a choline-devoid diet would increase the hepatocarcinogenici


choline [SEP] t was performed to test whether inclusion of phenobarbital in a choline-devoid diet would increase the hepatocarcinogenicity of the die


hepatocellular carcinomas [SEP] or not 0.06% phenobarbital. No hepatic preneoplastic nodules or hepatocellular carcinomas developed in rats fed the plain choline-supplemented diet, whil

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular [SEP] A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indisti


hepatocellular carcinoma [SEP] or not 0.06% phenobarbital. No hepatic preneoplastic nodules or hepatocellular carcinomas developed in rats fed the plain choline-supplemented diet, whi


methylergonovine [SEP] Effect of direct intracoronary administration of methylergonovine in patients with and without variant angina.

Methylergonovine [SEP] A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)


variant angina [SEP] administration of methylergonovine in patients with and without variant angina.

Angina Pectoris, Variant [SEP] A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in th


methylergonovine [SEP] The effects of intracoronary administration of methylergonovine were studied in 21 patients with variant angina and 22 patients


variant angina [SEP] nistration of methylergonovine were studied in 21 patients with variant angina and 22 patients with atypical chest pain and in others without


chest pain [SEP] n 21 patients with variant angina and 22 patients with atypical chest pain and in others without angina pectoris (control group). Methyler

Chest Pain [SEP] Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.


angina pectoris [SEP]  and 22 patients with atypical chest pain and in others without angina pectoris (control group). Methylergonovine was administered continuously

Angina Pectoris [SEP] The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is


Methylergonovine [SEP] est pain and in others without angina pectoris (control group). Methylergonovine was administered continuously at a rate of 10 micrograms/min up


coronary spasm [SEP] s/min up to 50 micrograms. In all patients with variant angina, coronary spasm was provoked at a mean dose of 28 +/- 13 micrograms (mean +/- S

Coronary Vasospasm [SEP] Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.


spasm [SEP] to 50 micrograms. In all patients with variant angina, coronary spasm was provoked at a mean dose of 28 +/- 13 micrograms (mean +/- S

Spasm [SEP] An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.


Dobutamine [SEP] Dobutamine stress echocardiography: a sensitive indicator of diminished my

Dobutamine [SEP] A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CA


doxorubicin [SEP] ive indicator of diminished myocardial function in asymptomatic doxorubicin-treated long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cancer [SEP] ymptomatic doxorubicin-treated long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


Doxorubicin [SEP] Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agent known to caus


cardiomyopathy [SEP] icancer chemotherapeutic agent known to cause acute and chronic cardiomyopathy. To develop a more sensitive echocardiographic screening test f

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


cardiac damage [SEP] o develop a more sensitive echocardiographic screening test for cardiac damage due to doxorubicin, a cohort study was performed using dobutami

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


doxorubicin [SEP] tive echocardiographic screening test for cardiac damage due to doxorubicin, a cohort study was performed using dobutamine infusion to diff


dobutamine [SEP] c damage due to doxorubicin, a cohort study was performed using dobutamine infusion to differentiate asymptomatic long-term survivors of c


cancer [SEP] Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agent known to cause acute and chronic cardiom


Dobutamine [SEP] rmed before infusion and after 15 min of infusion at each rate. Dobutamine infusion at 10 micrograms/kg per min was discontinued after six


aminophylline [SEP] Effects of aminophylline on the threshold for initiating ventricular fibrillation during

Aminophylline [SEP] A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar


ventricular fibrillation [SEP] Effects of aminophylline on the threshold for initiating ventricular fibrillation during respiratory failure.

Ventricular Fibrillation [SEP] A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (40


respiratory failure [SEP] on the threshold for initiating ventricular fibrillation during respiratory failure.

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Cardiac arrhythmias [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias have frequently been reported in association with respiratory f

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


respiratory failure [SEP] c arrhythmias have frequently been reported in association with respiratory failure. The possible additive role of pharmacologic agents in precipit


cardiac disturbances [SEP] possible additive role of pharmacologic agents in precipitating cardiac disturbances in patients with respiratory failure has only recently been emp


aminophylline [SEP] atory failure has only recently been emphasized. The effects of aminophylline on the ventricular fibrillation threshold during normal acid-ba


ventricular fibrillation [SEP] y recently been emphasized. The effects of aminophylline on the ventricular fibrillation threshold during normal acid-base conditions and during respira


oxygen [SEP] 0 to 40 percent of the control when pH and partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were kept within normal limits.

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


PO2 [SEP] percent of the control when pH and partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were kept within normal limits. When

PO-2 [SEP]


carbon dioxide [SEP] f the control when pH and partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were kept within normal limits. When respiratory failure

Carbon Dioxide [SEP] A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.


CO2 [SEP] en pH and partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were kept within normal limits. When respiratory failure was p


hypoventilation [SEP]  within normal limits. When respiratory failure was produced by hypoventilation (pH 7.05 to 7.25; PC02 70 to 100 mm Hg: P02 20 to 40 mm Hg), in

Hypoventilation [SEP] A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.


ventricular arrhythmias [SEP] hough many factors may contribute to the increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in respiratory failure, pharmacologic agents, particularly amin


carbachol [SEP] Case report: acute unintentional carbachol intoxication.

Carbachol [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.


carbachol [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Intoxications with carbachol, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist are rare. We report