Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"bufio"
	"strconv"
	"container/list"
)

const MaxNode int = 100

var d []int
var A [][]int
var N int
var l *list.List

func bfs(u int) {
	d[u] = 0
	l.PushBack(u)
	for ;l.Len() != 0; {
		u = l.Front().Value.(int)
		l.Remove(l.Front())
		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if A[u][v] == 0 {
				continue
			}
			if d[v] != -1 {
				continue
			}
			d[v] = d[u] + 1
			l.PushBack(v)
		}
	}
}


func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func print() {
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i])
	}
}

func initVariable() {
	d = make([]int, MaxNode)
	A = make([][]int, MaxNode)
	l = list.New()
	for i:=0; i<MaxNode; i++ {
		A[i] = make([]int, MaxNode)
		d[i] = -1
	}
}


func main() {
	initVariable()
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		idx := nextInt(scanner)
		cnt := nextInt(scanner)
		for j:=0; j<cnt; j++ {
			node := nextInt(scanner)
			A[idx-1][node-1] = 1 
		}
	}
	bfs(0)
	print()
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define REP(i,m,n) for(int i=(m); i<(int)(n); i++)
#define RREP(i,m,n) for(int i=(int)(n-1); i>=m; i--)
#define rep(i,n) REP(i,0,n)
#define rrep(i,n) RREP(i,0,n)
#define all(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define rall(a) (a).rbegin(),(a).rend()
#define aut(r,v) __typeof(v) r = (v)
#define each(it,o) for(aut(it,(o).begin()); it!=(o).end(); ++it)
#define reach(it,o) for(aut(it,(o).rbegin()); it!=(o).rend(); ++it)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define debug(...) {cerr<<"[L"<<__LINE__<<"] "; _debug(__VA_ARGS__);}

template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const pair<T1, T2>& p)
{return o<<"("<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<")";}
template<typename T>string join(const vector<T>&v, string del=", ")
{stringstream s;rep(i,v.size())s<<del<<v[i];return s.str().substr(del.size());}
template<typename T>ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const vector<T>&v)
{if(v.size())o<<"["<<join(v)<<"]";return o;}
template<typename T>ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const vector<vector<T> >&vv)
{int l=vv.size();if(l){o<<endl;rep(i,l){o<<(i==0?"[ ":",\n  ")<<vv[i]<<(i==l-1?" ]":"");}}return o;}
template<typename T>ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const set<T>& st)
{vector<T> v(st.begin(),st.end());o<<"{ "<<join(v)<<" }";return o;}
template<typename T1, typename T2>ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const map<T1, T2>& m)
{each(p,m){o<<(p==m.begin()?"{ ":",\n  ")<<*p<<(p==--m.end()?" }":"");}return o;}
inline void _debug(){cerr<<endl;}
template<class First, class... Rest>
void _debug(const First& first, const Rest&... rest){cerr<<first<<" ";_debug(rest...);}

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vl> vvl;

const double PI = (1*acos(0.0));
const double EPS = 1e-9;
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll INFL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

inline void finput(string filename) {
    freopen(filename.c_str(), "r", stdin);
}

vi g[100];
vi d;

void bfs(int s){
    fill(all(d), INF);
    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(s);
    d[s] = 0;
    while(!Q.empty()){
        int v = Q.front(); Q.pop();
        for(auto u : g[v]){
            if(d[v]+1 < d[u]){
                d[u] = d[v]+1;
                Q.push(u);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
    // finput("./input");
    int n; cin >> n;
    rep(i,n){
        int u,k; cin >> u >> k;
        rep(j,k){
            int v; cin >> v;
            g[i].push_back(--v);
        }
    }

    d = vi(n);
    bfs(0);
    rep(i,n){
        int dist = (d[i] == INF) ? -1 : d[i];
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, dist);
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace  std;

const int nIMPOS = -1;
struct StDir
{
  int m_nDir;
  int m_nDone;

  StDir(int nDir) : m_nDir(nDir), m_nDone(0)
  { }
};

void fnInput(vector<vector<StDir>>& rvvoAdjcy, vector<int>& rvnDst)
{
  int nxSiz;
  cin >> nxSiz;

  StDir oDir(0);
  rvvoAdjcy.resize(nxSiz + 1, vector<StDir>(nxSiz + 1, oDir));
  for (int i = 0; i < nxSiz; ++i)
  {
    int nx, nySiz;
    cin >> nx >> nySiz;
    for (int j = 0; j < nySiz; ++j)
    {
      int ny;
      cin >> ny;
      rvvoAdjcy[nx][ny].m_nDir = 1;
    }
  }
  rvnDst.resize(nxSiz + 1, nIMPOS);
}

void fnBreadthFirstSearch(vector<vector<StDir>>& rvvoAdjcy, 
                          queue<int>& rqnBFSrch, vector<int>& rvnDst)
{
  while (rqnBFSrch.size())
  {
    int nx = rqnBFSrch.front(); rqnBFSrch.pop();
    if (rvnDst[nx] == nIMPOS)  continue;

    for (int ny = 1; ny < rvvoAdjcy[nx].size(); ++ny)
      if (rvvoAdjcy[nx][ny].m_nDir == 1   &&
          rvvoAdjcy[nx][ny].m_nDone == 0)
      {
        rvvoAdjcy[nx][ny].m_nDone = 1;
        int nDst = rvnDst[nx] + 1;
        if (rvnDst[ny] == nIMPOS)
          rvnDst[ny] = nDst;
        else
          rvnDst[ny] = min(rvnDst[ny], nDst);

        rqnBFSrch.push(ny);
      }
  }
}

void fnResult(const vector<int>& cnrvnDst)
{
  for (int i = 1; i < cnrvnDst.size(); ++i)
    cout << i <<  " " << cnrvnDst[i] << endl;
}

int main()
{
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  vector<vector<StDir>> vvoAdjcy;
  queue<int>  qnBFSrch;
  vector<int> vnDst;

  fnInput(vvoAdjcy, vnDst);

  vnDst[1] = 0;
  qnBFSrch.push(1);
  fnBreadthFirstSearch(vvoAdjcy, qnBFSrch, vnDst);
  fnResult(vnDst);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#define FOR(i,a,b) for (int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
using namespace std;
int G[100][100];
queue<int> q;

class ANS
{
public:
	int id, d;
	bool done;
};

void bfs(ANS a[])
{
	q.push(a[0].id);
	a[q.front() - 1].done = true;
	a[q.front() - 1].d++;
	while (q.empty() != true)
	{
		int Q = q.back();
		q.pop();
		FOR(i, 1, 100)
		{
			if (G[Q-1][i-1] == 1 && a[i-1].done == false)
			{
				if (Q == 3)cout << 3;
				a[i-1].done = true;
				a[i-1].d = a[Q-1].d + 1;
				q.push(i);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	ANS ans[100];
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	FOR(i, 0, n)
	{
		ans[i] = { i + 1,-1,false };
		int u, m;
		cin >> u >> m;
		FOR(j, 0, m)
		{
			int l;
			cin >> l;
			G[u - 1][l - 1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(ans);
	FOR(i, 0, n)
	{
		cout << ans[i].id << " " << ans[i].d << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX_NUM = 101;
static const int NO_VISIT  = 0;
//static const int NOW_VISIT = 1;
static const int END_VISIT = 2;

void BFS(int *matrix, int num)
{
    int i;
    int state[MAX_NUM]    = {0};
    int distance[MAX_NUM] = {0};
    queue<int> Q;
    int target;
    int dist = 0;
    int *tmp;
    bool first;

    Q.push(1);
    state[1] = END_VISIT;
    while (Q.empty() == false) {
        target = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        tmp = matrix + target * MAX_NUM;
        first = true;
        for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
            if ((*(tmp + i) == 1) && (state[i] == NO_VISIT)) {
                if (first == true) {
                    ++dist;
                    first = false;
                }
                distance[i] = dist;
                Q.push(i);
                state[i] = END_VISIT;
            }
        }
    }

    for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, distance[i]);
    }

    return;
}

int main(void)
{
    int i, j;
    int num;
    int elem;
    int nume;
    int tmp;
    int matrix[MAX_NUM][MAX_NUM];

    scanf("%d", &num);
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d", &elem, &nume);
        for (j = 0; j < nume; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &tmp);
            matrix[elem][tmp] = 1;
        }
    }

    BFS(&matrix[0][0], num);

    return 0;
}