Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type vertexId int

type vertex struct {
	id vertexId
	visitedAt int
	adjs []vertexId
}

func createVertex(id int, adjsInt []int) vertex {
	adjs := make([]vertexId, len(adjsInt))
	for i := 0; i < len(adjs); i++ {
		adjs[i] = vertexId(adjsInt[i])
	}
	return vertex{
		id: vertexId(id),
		visitedAt: -1,
		adjs: adjs,
	}
}

func (v *vertex) isVisited() bool {
	return v.visitedAt >= 0
}

func bfs(id vertexId, vqueue []vertexId, vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[id-1]
	for _, vid := range vertex.adjs {
		if !vertices[vid-1].isVisited() {
			(&vertices[vid-1]).visitedAt = vertex.visitedAt+1
			vqueue = append(vqueue, vid)
		}
	}
	if len(vqueue) > 0 {
		nextId := vqueue[0]
		nextVqueue := vqueue[1:]
		bfs(nextId, nextVqueue, vertices)
	}
}

func solveBfs(vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[0]
	vertex.visitedAt = 0
	vqueue := make([]vertexId, 0)
	bfs(vertex.id, vqueue, vertices)
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	vertices := make([]vertex, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		id, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjN, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjs := make([]int, adjN)
		for j := 0; j < adjN; j++ {
			adjId, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjs[j] = adjId
		}
		vertices[i] = createVertex(id, adjs)
	}

	solveBfs(vertices)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", vertices[i].id, vertices[i].visitedAt)
	}
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #if 0
?????¨?????????2h
bfs??????????????¢?´¢???????????°????????§?????????
????????????????´????????????\?????????????????????????????¨????????????????????£??????????????????queue?????????????????¢?????????
main?????§???????????§?§£????????£??\?????????to??£??\??????????????????????????£??????
????????????????????????????????????????????¨?????´?????????
#endif

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int n, D[100];
int G[100][100];
void bfs(int src){
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(src);
	D[src]=0;
	while(!q.empty()){
		int cur=q.front();
		q.pop();
		for(int dst=0;dst<n;dst++){
			if(G[cur][dst]==1&&D[dst]==-1){
				D[dst]=D[cur]+1;
				q.push(dst);
			}
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	vector<int> v[110];
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		int u,k;
		cin>>u>>k;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			int tmp;
			cin>>tmp;
			v[u].push_back(tmp);
		}
	}
	for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
		D[i]=-1;
	}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			G[i][j]=0;
		}
	}
	for(int i=1;i<n+1;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<v[i].size();j++){
			G[i-1][v[i][j]-1]=1; //
		}
	}
	bfs(0);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		cout<<(i+1)<<' '<<D[i]<<endl;
	}
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
#define INF 999999999
#define MOD 1000000007

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int,int>P;

const int MAX_N = 100;

vector<int> G[MAX_N];
int d[MAX_N];

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		int id;
		cin >> id;
		int k;
		cin >> k;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			int to;
			cin >> to;
			G[id-1].push_back(to-1);
		}
	}
	fill(d,d+n,INF);
	deque<int> bfs;
	bfs.push_back(0);
	d[0] = 0;
	while(!bfs.empty()){
		int v = bfs.front();
		bfs.pop_front();
		for(int i=0;i<G[v].size();i++){
			int to = G[v][i];
			if(d[to] > d[v]+1){
				d[to] = d[v]+1;
				bfs.push_back(to);
			}
		}	
	}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << "\n";
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
//#include <iomanip>
//#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
//#include <utility>
//#include <set>
//#include <map>
#include <queue>
//#include <deque>
//#include <bitset>
//#include <math.h>
using namespace std ;
using ll = long long ;
//using ld = long double ;
using vll = vector<ll> ;
using vvll = vector<vll> ;
//using vc = vector<char> ;
//using vvc = vector<vc> ;
//using vb = vector<bool> ;
//using vvb = vector<vb> ;
//using pll = pair<ll,ll> ;
//#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
//ll mod = 1000000007 ;
//long double pie = acos(-1) ;
ll INF = 1000000000000 ;

//void yorn(bool a){if(a) cout << "Yes" << endl ; else cout << "No" << endl ;}
//void YorN(bool a){if(a) cout << "YES" << endl ; else cout << "NO" << endl ;}
//ll gcd(long long a,long long b){if(b==0) return a ; return gcd(b,a%b) ;}
//ll lcm(long long a,long long b){return a/gcd(a,b)*b ;}
//ll sa(long long a,long long b){if(a>b) return a-b ; return b-a ;}
//void fix_cout(){cout << fixed << setprecision(20) ;}
//void chmin(ll &a,ll b){if(a>b) a = b ;}

int main(){
	ll n ; cin >> n ;
	vvll g(n,vll(0)) ;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		ll a,b ;
		cin >> a >> b ;
		for(int j=0;j<b;j++){
			ll c ; cin >> c ;
			c-- ;
			g.at(i).emplace_back(c) ;
		}
	}
	vll d(n,INF) ;
	d.at(0) = 0 ;
	queue<ll> q ;
	q.push(0) ;
	while(!q.empty()){
		ll p = q.front() ;
		q.pop() ;
		for(int i=0;i<g.at(p).size();i++){
			if(d.at(g.at(p).at(i))>d.at(p)+1){
				d.at(g.at(p).at(i)) = d.at(p)+1 ;
				q.push(g.at(p).at(i)) ;
			}
		}
	}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++) cout << i+1 << " " << (d.at(i)==INF?-1:d.at(i)) << endl ;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int D[100100];//始点からの距離を入れる
int g[1001][1001]={{0}};//要素を0で初期化
void bfs(int src,int n){//srcは開始位置この場合だと頂点1だから0
  cerr << "bfs_root = " << src << endl;
  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(src);
  D[src] = 0;
  while (! Q.empty()  ){
    int cur = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    // cerr << "visiting_" << cur << " " <<D[cur] <<endl;
    for(int dst= 0; dst < n; dst++){
      if(g[cur][dst]==1 && D[dst]==0){
        D[dst]=D[cur]+1;
        Q.push(dst);
      }
    }
  }
}
void ans(int n){
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
  {
    cout << i+1 <<D[i]<<endl;
  }

}

int main(){
  // int g[1001][1001]={{0}};//要素を0で初期化
  int n,a,b,c;
  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
  {
    cin >> a >> b ;
    for (int i = 0; i < b; ++i)
    {
      cin >> c;
      g[a-1][c-1]=1;/* code */
    }
  }
  bfs(0,n);
  ans(n);
  // for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
  // {
  //    for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
  //    {
  //     if (j==n-1)
  //     {
  //       cout << g[i][j] << endl;
  //     }else{
  //       cout << g[i][j] <<" ";
  //     }
  //    }
  // }


}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

// ---------------------
// repetition
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)

// debug
#define dump(x)  cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;
#define debug(x) cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << " (L" << __LINE__ << ")" << " " << __FILE__ << endl;

// ---------------------
#define INF 922337203685477580
typedef long long ll;

int matrix[110][110];
int dist[110];
int n;
queue<int> Q;

int main() {
  REP(x, 110) {
    REP(y, 110) {
      matrix[x][y] = 0;
    }
    dist[x] = (1 << 15);
  }

  // int n;
  cin >> n;

  REP(_, n) {
    int v, num;
    cin >> v >> num;

    REP(i, num) {
      int cv;
      cin >> cv;
      matrix[v][cv] = 1;
    }
  }

  dist[1] = 0;
  Q.push(1);

  while (!Q.empty()) {
    int f = Q.front(); Q.pop();

    FOR(v, 1, n + 1) {
      if (matrix[f][v]) {
        Q.push(v);
        dist[v] = min(dist[v], dist[f] + 1);
      }
    }
  }


  FOR(v, 1, n + 1) {
    cout << v << " " << dist[v] << endl;
  }


  return 0;
}