Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int color[N];
int M[N][N];
int n,cnt;

void prim(){
	int d[N],p[N];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		color[i] = WHITE;
		d[i] = INFTY;
	}
	d[0]=0;p[0]=-1;
	int u;
	
	while(1){
		int mincost=INFTY;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(color[i] != BLACK && d[i] < mincost){
				mincost = d[i];
				u = i;
			}
		}
		if(mincost == INFTY)break;
		cnt += mincost;
		color[u] = BLACK;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(color[i] != BLACK && M[u][i] != INFTY){
				if(d[i] > M[u][i]){
					d[i] = M[u][i];
					p[i] = u;
					color[i] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	cnt = 0;
	int d;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			cin >> d;
			M[i][j] = (d!=-1?d:INFTY);
		}
	}
	prim();
	cout << cnt << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

int x[10000][10000];
int MIN[10000];
int MINX=100000000;

int main() {
	memset(MIN, 127, sizeof(MIN));
	int n, a, sum = 0;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			cin >> a;
			x[i][j] = a;
		}
	}
	for (int h = 0; h < n; h++) {
		memset(MIN, 127, sizeof(MIN));
		MIN[h] = 0;
		sum = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
				for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
					if (x[j][k] != -1) {
						MIN[k] = min(MIN[k], MIN[j] + x[j][k]);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			sum += MIN[i];
		}
		MINX = min(sum, MINX);
	}
	
	cout << MINX * 3 / 4 << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int n;
const int N = 110;
int A[N][N];
typedef pair<int, int> P;
vector<P> G[N];

struct Edge {
    int u, v, cost;
    
    bool operator<(const Edge& other) const {
        return cost < other.cost;
    }
};

vector<Edge> edges;
vector<int> parent(N), height(N);

int min_cost = 0;

void prim() {
    priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P>> heap;
    heap.push({0, 1});
    vector<bool> vis(n + 1, false);
    vector<int> dis(n + 1, INT_MAX);

    while (!heap.empty()) {
        int u = heap.top().second, cost = heap.top().first;
        heap.pop();
        if (vis[u]) continue;
        vis[u] = true;
        min_cost += cost;
        for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); i++) {
            int v = G[u][i].second, len = G[u][i].first;
            if (!vis[v] && len < dis[v]) {
                dis[v] = len;
                heap.push({len, v});
            }
        }
    }    
}

void init() {
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    parent[i] = i;
    height[i] = 1;
  }
}

int find(int x) {
  if (parent[x] == x) return x;
  return parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
}

void merge(int x, int y) {
    x = find(x), y = find(y);
    if (x == y) return;
    if (height[x] < height[y]) {
        parent[x] = y;
    } else {
        parent[y] = x;
        if (height[x] == height[y]) height[x]++;
    }
}

void kruskal() {
    sort(edges.begin(), edges.end());
    init();
    for (auto &edge : edges) {
        int u = edge.u, v = edge.v, cost = edge.cost;
        
        if (find(u) != find(v)) {
            merge(u, v);
            min_cost += cost;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            cin >> A[i][j];
        }
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (A[i][j] != -1)
            edges.push_back({i, j, A[i][j]});
        }
    }

    kruskal();
    // prim();
    cout << min_cost << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define maxn 110
#define INFTY (1<<30)
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
int n,m[maxn][maxn];

int prim() //返回最小生成树各边权值总和
{
    int u,minv;
    int d[maxn],p[maxn],color[maxn];

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) //初始化
    {
        d[i]=INFTY;
        p[i]=-1;
        color[i]=WHITE;
    }
    d[0]=0;

    while(1)
    {
        minv=INFTY;
        u=-1;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if(minv>d[i]&&color[i]!=BLACK) //寻找最小权值的边
            {
                u=i;
                minv=d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u==-1) break;
        color[u]=BLACK; //标记为黑
        for(int v=0;v<n;v++)
        {
            if(color[v]!=BLACK&&m[u][v]!=INFTY) //如果u和v之间存在边
            {
                if(m[u][v]<d[v]) //注意这里是d[v]不是d[u]
                {
                    d[v]=m[u][v];
                    p[v]=u;
                    //color[v]=GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum=0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        if(p[i]!=-1) sum+=m[i][p[i]];
    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            cin>>m[i][j];
            if(m[i][j]==-1) m[i][j]=INFTY;
        }
    }
    cout<<prim()<<endl;
    return 0;
}