Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var distance []int

type queue struct {
	q    []int
	head int
	tail int
}

func (q *queue) push(n int) {
	q.q[q.tail] = n
	q.tail++
}

func (q *queue) pop() int {
	q.head++
	return q.q[q.head-1]
}

func (q *queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

func makeAdjList() [][]int {
	var n int
	fmt.Scanf("%d", &n)

	adj := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adj[i] = make([]int, n)
	}

	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		sc.Scan()
		nodeInfo := strings.Split(sc.Text(), " ")
		outDegree, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[1])

		if outDegree > 0 {
			for k := 0; k < outDegree; k++ {
				j, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[k+2])
				j-- // convert 1 based to 0 based
				adj[i][j] = 1
			}
		}
	}

	return adj
}

func bfs(graph [][]int, s int) {
	distance = make([]int, len(graph))

	infty := -1
	for i := 0; i < len(distance); i++ {
		distance[i] = infty
	}
	distance[s] = 0

	q := &queue{make([]int, 1000), 0, 0}
	q.push(s)

	for !q.isEmpty() {
		u := q.pop()
		for i := 0; i < len(graph); i++ {
			if graph[u][i] == 0 {
				continue // u, i間に辺がない場合
			}
			if distance[i] != infty {
				continue // 訪問済みの場合
			}
			// 訪問するnodeの始点からの距離を設定し、訪問キューに入れる
			distance[i] = distance[u] + 1
			q.push(i)
		}
	}

	// print distance
	for i, d := range distance {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d)
	}
}

func main() {
	adj := makeAdjList()
	bfs(adj, 0)
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define FOR(i,s,e) for((i)=(s);(i)<(int)(e);(i)++)
#define REP(i,e) FOR(i,0,e)

#define all(o) (o).begin(), (o).end()
#define psb(x) push_back(x)
#define mp(x,y) make_pair((x),(y))

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const double EPS = 1e-10;

typedef struct edge_def {
  int from;
  int to;
  int cost;

  edge_def(int _from, int _to, int _cost) {
    from = _from;
    to   = _to;
    cost = _cost;
  }
} edge;

const int INF = INT_MAX;
const int V = 100;
int n, t;
vector<edge> es[V];
int d[V];

void bellman_ford(int s) {
  int i, j;
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) d[i] = INF;
  d[s] = 0;
  
  while (1) {
    bool update = false;
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
      for (j=0; j<(int)es[i].size(); j++) {
        edge e = es[i][j];
        if (d[e.from] != INF && d[e.to] > d[e.from] + e.cost) {
          d[e.to] = d[e.from] + e.cost;
          update = true;
        }
      }
    if (!update) break;
  } 
}

int main() {
  int i, j;
  for (i=0; i<V; i++) es[i].clear();

  scanf("%d ", &n);
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    int u, v, k;
    scanf("%d ", &u);
    scanf("%d ", &k);
    for (j=0; j<k; j++) {
      scanf("%d ", &v);
      es[u-1].psb(edge(u-1, v-1, 1));
    }
  }

  bellman_ford(0);

  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    if (d[i]==INF) d[i] = -1;
    printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
  }

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> vec;
typedef vector<vec> Graph;

Graph G(110);

int main()
{
	int n;
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		int u,t;
		scanf("%d%d",&u,&t);
		for(int j=0;j<t;j++)
		{
			int v;
			scanf("%d",&v);
			G[u].push_back(v);
		}
	}
	queue<int> que;
	int d[110];
	fill(d+1,d+n+1,INT_MAX);
	d[1]=0;
	que.push(1);
	while(!que.empty())
	{
		int t=que.front();que.pop();
		for(int i=0;i<G[t].size();i++)
			if(d[t]+1<d[G[t][i]])
			{
				d[G[t][i]]=d[t]+1;
				que.push(G[t][i]);
			}
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		printf("%d %d\n",i,d[i]);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

#define MAX_SIZE 110
#define NIL -1

int n, G[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];
int dist[MAX_SIZE];

void bfs(int start) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(start);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) dist[i] = NIL;
    dist[start] = 0;
    int u;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (G[u][i] == 0) continue;
            if (dist[i] != NIL) continue;
            dist[i] = dist[u] + 1;
            q.push(i);
        }
    }    
    return;
}

void print() {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }
    return;
}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            G[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    int u, k, v;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> v;
            G[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);
    print();

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int d[128][128],solve[128];
int main(){
      int n,m,row,t;
      queue<int> que;
      cin >> n;
      for(int i= 0;i<n;i++){
            cin >>row>>m;
            for(int j = 0;j<m;j++){
                  cin>>t;
                  d[row][t] = 1;
            }
      }
      fill(solve,solve+n+2,-1);
      que.push(1);
      solve[1] = 0;
      while(!que.empty()){
            int p = que.front();
            que.pop();
            for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
                  if(d[p][i] && solve[i]==-1){
                        que.push(i);
                        solve[i] = solve[p] + 1;
                  }
            }
      }
      for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++)cout << i << ' '<< solve[i]<<endl;
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")

// Begin {{{
using namespace std;

#ifndef DEBUG
#define dump(...)
#endif

template <class A, class B> inline bool chmax(A &a, const B &b) { return b > a && (a = b, true); }
template <class A, class B> inline bool chmin(A &a, const B &b) { return b < a && (a = b, true); }

template <class T>
inline vector<T> make_v(const T &initvalue, size_t sz) {
    return vector<T>(sz, initvalue);
}

template <class T, class... Args>
inline auto make_v(const T &initvalue, size_t sz, Args... args) {
    return vector<decltype(make_v<T>(initvalue, args...))>(sz, make_v<T>(initvalue, args...));
}

constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr int64_t LINF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
// }}} End

signed main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);

    size_t N; cin >> N;

    vector<vector<size_t>> g(N);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        size_t u, k; cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (size_t j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            size_t v; cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u].emplace_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<int> dist(N, INF);
    dist[0] = 0;

    queue<size_t> que;
    que.emplace(0);

    while (!que.empty()) {
        size_t now_node = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (auto &next_node: g[now_node]) {
            if (chmin(dist[next_node], dist[now_node] + 1)) {
                que.emplace(next_node);
            }
        }
    }

    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < N; ++idx) {
        cout << idx + 1 << " " << (dist[idx] == INF ? -1 : dist[idx]) << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int a[101][101] = {{0}};
	int u, k, v, km;
	km = 0;
	while ( cin >> u, k ) {
		for ( int i = 1; i <= k; i++ ) {
			cin >> v;
			a[u][v] = 1;
		}
		km++;
	}
	int n0;
	int b[101] = {- 1};
	queue<int> q;
	q.push( 1 );
	b[1] = 0;
	int cou = 0;
	for ( int i = 1; i <= km; i++ ) {
		n0 = q.front();
		q.pop();
		cou++;
		for ( int j = 1; j <= km + 1; j++ ) {
			if ( a[n0][j] == 1 && b[j] == - 1 ) {
				q.push( j );
				b[j] = cou;
			}
			if ( q.empty ) break;
		}
	}
	for ( int i = 1; i <= km; i++ )
		cout << i << " " << b[i] << endl;
}