Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

void bfs(int src, int n, vector<vector<int> > G);

int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<int> > G(n, vector<int>(n, 0));
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int v_j;
			cin >> v_j;
			G[u - 1][v_j - 1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0, n, G);
}

void bfs(int src, int n, vector<vector<int> > G) {
	vector<int> D(n, -1);
	D[src] = 0;
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int dst = 0; dst < n; dst++)
			if (G[cur][dst] == 1 && D[dst] == -1){
				D[dst] = D[cur] + 1;
				Q.push(dst);
			}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
#define MAX_N 100

int n,time,head,tail;
int *queue;
int *dist;
int *color;
int **matrix;

void enqueue(int);
int dequeue(void);
void bfs(void);

int main(){
  int i,j,u,k,v;

  scanf("%d",&n);

  queue = malloc(MAX_N * sizeof(int));
  color = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
  dist = malloc(n * sizeof(int));

  matrix = malloc(n * sizeof(int *));
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    matrix[i] = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   dist[i] = -1;
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++){
     matrix[i][j] = 0;
   }
 }

 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    scanf("%d",&u); u--;
    scanf("%d",&k);
    for(j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      scanf("%d",&v); v--;
      matrix[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs();
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    printf("%d %d\n",i+1,dist[i]);
  }

  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    free(matrix[i]);
  }
  free(matrix);
  free(queue);
  free(dist);
  free(color);
  return 0;
}

void bfs(){
  int u,i;

  head = tail = 0;
  color[0] = GRAY;
  dist[0] = 0;
  enqueue(0);

  while(head != tail){
    u = dequeue();
    for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
      if(matrix[u][i] == 1 && color[i] == WHITE){
        color[i] = GRAY;
        dist[i] = dist[u] + 1;
        enqueue(i);
      }
    }
    color[u] = BLACK;
  }
}

void enqueue(int q){
  queue[tail] = q;
  if(++tail == MAX_N+1) tail = 0;
}

int dequeue(){
  int v = queue[head];
  if(++head == MAX_N+1) head = 0;
  return v;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  p.push(s);
  for(int i+0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
  }
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  whie(!q.empty){
    q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push;
    }
  }
  for(int =0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
      M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<N;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
	if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
	d[v] = d[u] + 1;
	q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j = 0;j < k; j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];
void bfs(int s)
{
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
     d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while (!q.empty())
  {
    u = q.front(),q.pop();
    for(int v = 0;v<n;v++)
    {
      if(M[u][v] == 0) continue ;
      if(d[v]!= INFTY ) continue ;
      d[v] = d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
  {
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) <<endl;
  
  }
}
int main()
{
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
  {
    for(int j=  0;j<n;j++)
       M[i][j] = 0;
  }
  for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
    {
      cin>>u>>k;
      u--;
      for(int j = 0;j<k;j++)
      {
        cin>>v;
        v--;
        M[u][v] = 1;
      }
    }
  bfs(0);
 return 0;
}