Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const MAX = 1000
const NIL = -1

type Node struct {
	id    int
	depth int
}

type Queue struct {
	head      int
	tail      int
	container [MAX]Node
}

func (q *Queue) inQueue(x Node) {
	q.container[q.tail] = x
	q.tail = (q.tail + 1) % MAX
}

func (q *Queue) deQueue() Node {
	x := q.container[q.head]
	q.head = (q.head + 1) % MAX
	return x
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func scanInt() int {
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanString())
	return num
}

func scanString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

func main() {
	n := scanInt()
	route := make([][]int, n)
	for i := range route {
		u, k := scanInt(), scanInt()
		u--
		route[u] = make([]int, k)
		for j := range route[u] {
			num := scanInt()
			num--
			route[i][j] = num
		}
	}

	d := make([]int, n)
	for i := range d {
		d[i] = NIL
	}

	start := Node{0, 0}
	que := Queue{}
	que.inQueue(start)
	for !que.isEmpty() {
		node := que.deQueue()
		if d[node.id] != NIL {
			continue
		}
		d[node.id] = node.depth

		for _, nextId := range route[node.id] {
			next := Node{id: nextId, depth: node.depth + 1}
			que.inQueue(next)
		}
	}

	for i, depth := range d {
		fmt.Println(i+1, depth)
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main(){
  vector<int> G[100];
  queue<int> q;
  vector<int> d(100,200000000);
  int n,u,k,v,depth;
  bool flg;
  
  cin >> n;
  for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u>> k;
    for (int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      G[u-1].push_back(v-1);
    }
  }
  for (int vi=0;vi<n;vi++){
    if (d[vi]<=1000)continue;
    depth=0;
    q.push(vi);
    d[vi]=depth;
    while (!q.empty()){
      u=q.front();
      for (int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){
	v=G[u][i];
	if (d[v]>d[u]+1){
	  q.push(v);
	  d[v]=d[u]+1;
	  flg=true;
	  break;
	}
      }
      if (!flg){
	q.pop();
      }else{
	flg=false;
      }
    }
    
  }
  for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
    cout << i+1 <<" "<< d[i]<<" "<<endl;
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define rep(a, b) for(int i = a; i <= b; i++)
#define mst(a) memset(a, 0, sizeof(a))
#define mem(a, p) memset(a, p, sizeof(a))

const int MAX = 1e2 + 10;


bool mtx[MAX][MAX];
int vis[MAX];
int n;

queue<int> q;

void init(void)
{
	while(!q.empty())
		q.pop();
	mem(vis, -1);
	return;
}

bool check(int x, int y)
{
	if(mtx[x][y] && vis[y] == -1)
		return true;
	return false;
}

void Bfs(void)
{
	int cnt = 1;
	q.push(1);
	vis[1] = 0;
	while(!q.empty())
	{
		int cur = q.front();
		q.pop();
		rep(1, n)
		{
			if(check(cur, i))
			{
				q.push(i);
				vis[i] = vis[cur] + 1;
				cnt++;
				if(cnt == n)
					return;
			}
		}
	}
	return;
}

int main()
{
	while(~scanf("%d", &n))
	{
		init();
		rep(1, n)
		{
			int row;
			scanf("%d", &row);
			int num;
			scanf("%d", &num);
			while(num--)
			{
				int tmp;
				scanf("%d", &tmp);
				mtx[row][tmp] = true;
			}
		}
		
		Bfs();
		
		rep(1, n)
			printf("%d %d\n", i, vis[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
    }
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u = q.front();q.pop();
        for(int v = 0;v<n;v++){
            if(M[u][v] == 0)continue;
            if(d[v] != INFTY)continue;
            d[v] = d[u]+1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    int  u,k,v;
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
             M[i][j] = 0; 
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for(int j =0;j<k;j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
 
 
int G[101][101], q1[101], q2[101], n;
 
void f(int a, int b){
  int i;
  q1[a] = b;
  for(i = 1; i <= B[a]; i++){
    if(b + 1 < q1[G[a][i]]) f(G[a][i], b + 1);
  }
}
 
int main(){
  int i, j, m;
 
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    q1[i] = 100000000;
    scanf("%d", &m);
    scanf("%d", &q2[m]);
 
    for(j = 1; j <= q2[m]; j++) scanf("%d", &G[m][j]);
  }
 
  f(1, 0);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    if(q1[i] == 100000000) q1[i] = -1;
  }
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) printf("%d %d\n", i, q1[i]);
 
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int G[110][110];
int N,num,lines,tar;
int D[1000];
int ret[1000];

void bfs(int src);

int main() {
	for (int i=0;i<110;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<110;j++) {
			G[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}
	for(int i=0;i<1000;i++) {
		D[i] = 100;
	}
	cin >> N;
	for(int i=0;i<N;i++) {
		cin >> num >> lines;
		for(int j=0;j<lines;j++) {
			cin >> tar;
			G[num][tar] = 1;
		}
	}
	/*
	for(int i=0;i<num+1;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<num+1;j++) {
			cout << G[i][j] << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	*/
	bfs(1);
	for(int i=1;i<num+1;i++) {
		cout << i << " " << ret[i] << endl;
	}

}
void bfs(int src) {
	int cur,dst;
	//cerr << "bfs root = " << src << endl;
	queue<int> Q; // ??´??°????????????????????\????????????
	Q.push(src);
	D[src] = 0; // ?????????
	while (! Q.empty()) {
		int cur = Q.front(); // ??????????´????????????????
		Q.pop();
// ???????¢??????¨??¨???
		ret[cur] = D[cur];
		//cerr << cur << " " << D[cur] << endl;
		for (int dst=1;dst<N+1;dst++) { // ???????????? dst ????????????
			if ((G[cur][dst] == 1) && (D[dst] == 100)) { // cur ?????? dst ??????????????????dst ???????¨??????????
				D[dst] = D[cur]+1; //
				Q.push(dst); // dst ????¨???????????????????
			}
		}
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define N 100
#define WHITE 0
#define BLACK 1

int M[N+1][N+1];
int n, dist;
int DIST[N+1];
int color[N+1];


//キューを使うプログラムを考える
void bfs(int r) {
    int u;
    int next[N+1], next_num = 0;
    bool added = false;
    //現時点での距離を入れておく
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
        if(M[r][i]==1 && color[i]==WHITE) {
            if(!added) {
                dist++;
                added = true;
            }
            color[i] = BLACK;
            DIST[i] = dist;
            next[next_num] = i;
            next_num++;
        }
    }
    
    for(int i=0; i<next_num; i++) {
        bfs(next[i]);
    }
}   

int main() {
    int u, k, v;

    cin >>n;
    for(int i=0; i<=n; i++) {
        DIST[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
        for(int j=0; j<=n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        for(int j=0; j<k; j++) {
            cin >> v;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    dist = 0;
    DIST[1] = 0;
    bfs(1);

    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
        cout << i << " " << DIST[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>

struct node {
	std::vector<int> child;
	int distance;
};

int main() {
	int node_num;

	std::cin >> node_num;

	std::vector<node> n(node_num);

	for (int i = 0; i < node_num; i++) {
		int num, to, node_val;
		std::cin >> node_val >> num;
		for (int j = 0; j < num; j++) {
			std::cin >> to;
			n[node_val - 1].child.push_back(to);
		}
		n[i].distance = -1;
	}

	//???????????????????????¢0
	n[0].distance = 0;
	std::queue<int> q;
	int dist = 1;
	q.push(1);
	while(q.size() != 0){
		int num = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (std::vector<int>::iterator it = n[num - 1].child.begin(); it != n[num - 1].child.end(); it++) {
			if (n[*it - 1].distance > n[num - 1].distance || n[*it - 1].distance == -1) {
				n[*it - 1].distance = n[num - 1].distance;
				q.push(*it);
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < node_num; i++) {
		std::cout << i + 1 << " " << n[i].distance << std::endl;
	}
	return 0;
}