Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = a; i < (int)(b); ++i)
#define rrep(i, a, b) for (int i = b - 1; i >= (int)(a); --i)

using namespace std;

using ll = long long;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vll = vector<ll>;

void bfs(const vvi& g, vi& ds, int i) {
    int n = g.size();

    vector<bool> seen(n, false);
    queue<int> queue;
    queue.push(i);
    ds[i] = 0;
    seen[i] = true;

    while (!queue.empty()) {
        int v = queue.front();
        queue.pop();

        for (auto itr = g[v].begin(); itr != g[v].end(); ++itr) {
            if (!seen[*itr]) {
                queue.push(*itr);
                ds[*itr] = ds[v] + 1;
                seen[*itr] = true;
            }
        }
    }

    rep(i, 0, n) {
        if (!seen[i]) { ds[i] = -1; }
    }
}

int main() {
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin >> n;

    vvi g(n);
    rep(i, 0, n) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;

        rep(j, 0, k) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            g[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
        }
    }

    vi ds(n, 0);

    bfs(g, ds, 0);
    rep(i, 0, n) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ds[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main(){
	vector<int> graph[100];
	queue<int> que;
	int d[100];
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
		int now,m;
		cin >> now >> m;
		for(int j = 0;j < m;j++){
			int t;
			cin >> t;
			graph[now - 1].push_back(t - 1);
		}
		d[i] = -1;
	}
	d[0] = 0;
	que.push(0);
	while(!que.empty()){
		int num = que.front();
		que.pop();
		for(int i = 0;i < graph[num].size();i++){
			if(d[graph[num][i]] == -1) {
				d[graph[num][i]] = d[num] + 1;
				que.push(graph[num][i]);
			}
		}
	}
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define REP(i, s, n) for (int i = s; i < n; ++i)
#define rep(i, n) REP(i, 0, n)
#define SORT(c) sort((c).begin(), (c).end())
#define IINF INT_MAX
#define LLINF LLONG_MAX
#define DEBUG true
// sort(a.begin(), a.end(), std::greater<int>());

/*
std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &input, char delimiter)
{
    std::istringstream stream(input);

    std::string field;
    std::vector<std::string> result;
    while (std::getline(stream, field, delimiter))
    {
        result.push_back(field);
    }
    return result;
}
*/
vector<int> data[100];
int finds[100];
/*
int dfs(int foo, int timer)
{
    //foo is node number
    if (finds[foo].first != -1)
        return timer;
    finds[foo].first = ++timer;
    int result = timer;
    if (data[foo].size() != 0)
    {
        rep(i, data[foo].size())
        {
            result = dfs(data[foo][i], result);
        }
    }
    finds[foo].second = ++result;
    return result;
}
*/
int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    rep(i, n)
    {
        int temp;
        cin >> temp;
        cin >> temp;
        rep(j, temp)
        {
            int hoge;
            cin >> hoge;
            data[i].push_back(hoge - 1);
        }
        finds[i] = -1;
    }
    queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    finds[0] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int temp = que.front();
        que.pop();
        rep(i, data[temp].size())
        {
            if (finds[data[temp][i]] == -1)
            {
                finds[data[temp][i]] = finds[temp] + 1;
                que.push(data[temp][i]);
            }
        }
    }
    rep(i, n)
    {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << finds[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
  queue<int> q;

  q.push(s);

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    d[i] = INFTY; 
  }
  d[s] = 0;

  int u;
  while (!q.empty()) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (M[u][v] == 0) {
        continue;
      }
      if (d[v] != INFTY) {
        continue;
      }
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main() {

  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  int u, k, v;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--; // to 0 origin
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      cin >> v;
      v--; // to 0 origin
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define r(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
int a[101][101],start[101],end[101],n,p=0,v[101];
queue<int> q;
void bfs(int u){
	q.push(u);
	v[u]++;
	while(!q.empty()){
		u=q.front();q.pop();
		r(i,1,n+1)if(!v[i]&&a[u][i]){
			v[i]++;
			q.push(i);
			start[i]=start[u]+1;
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	int q,qq,qqq;
	cin>>n;
	r(i,0,n){
		cin>>q>>qq;
		r(i,0,qq){
			cin>>qqq;
			a[q][qqq]++;
		}
	}
	//r(i,1,n+1)if(!v[i])
	bfs(i);
	r(i,1,n+1)cout<<i<<' '<<start[i]<<endl;
}