Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const BIG_COST = 3000

const (
	ST_NOT_YET = iota
	ST_JOINED
)

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := scanInt(sc)
	costs := make([][]int, nNodes)

	for r := 0; r < nNodes; r++ {
		costs[r] = make([]int, nNodes)
		for c := 0; c < nNodes; c++ {
			costs[r][c] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	states := make([]int, nNodes)
	minCosts := make([]int, nNodes)

	for i := 1; i < nNodes; i++ {
		minCosts[i] = BIG_COST
	}

	for {
		var u int
		minCost := BIG_COST

		for i := 0; i < nNodes; i++ {
			if states[i] != ST_JOINED && minCosts[i] < minCost {
				minCost = minCosts[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		// 全てのノードが MST に JOIN できたので終了。
		if minCost == BIG_COST {
			break
		}

		states[u] = ST_JOINED

		for v := 0; v < nNodes; v++ {
			cost := costs[u][v]

			// MST内の u と MST外の v との辺の重みをそれぞれ minCosts[v] として
			// 保存しておく。このうち辺の重みが最小となる v が次のループで MST に JOIN する。
			if states[v] != ST_JOINED && cost != -1 && cost < minCosts[v] {
				minCosts[v] = cost
			}
		}
	}

	sum := 0
	for _, cost := range minCosts {
		sum += cost
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
    int d[n], p[n];
    int color[n];
    
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        color[i] = WHITE;
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    
    int sum = 0;
    
    while(1) {
        int u;
        int mincost = INFTY;
        for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
            if (color[i] != BLACK && d[i] < mincost) {
                mincost = d[i];
                u = i;
            }
        }
        
        if (mincost == INFTY) break;
        
        color[u] = BLACK;
        
        int tmp = -1;
        for (int v=0; v<=n; v++) {
            if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY) {
                if(M[u][v] < d[v]) {
                    d[v] = tmp = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
        if(tmp != -1) sum += tmp;
    }

    return sum;
}

int main() {
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<n; j++) {
            int tmp;
            scanf("%d", &tmp);
            M[i][j] = (tmp == -1) ? INFTY : tmp;
        }
    }
    
    int sum = prim();
    printf("%d\n", sum);
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<utility>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int matrix[100][100];
pair<int,int> edges[10010];
int cost[10010];
int src[10010];
int dst[10010];
int p[10010];
void init(int n)
{
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
        p[i]=i;
};
int root(int a)
{
    if(p[a]==a)
        return a;
    return (p[a]=root(p[a]));
};
bool is_same_set(int a,int b)
{
    return root(a)==root(b);
};
void unite(int a,int b)
{
    p[root(a)]=root(b);
};

int main()
{
    int n,amount=0,sum=0;
    
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            cin>>matrix[i][j];
        }
    }
    
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<=i;j++)
        {
            if(matrix[i][j]!=-1)
            {
                cost[amount]=matrix[i][j];
                src[amount]=i;
                dst[amount]=j;
                amount++;
            }
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<amount;i++)
    {
        edges[i]=make_pair(cost[i],i);
    }

	init(n);
    
    sort(edges,edges+amount);
    
    for(int i=0;i<amount;i++)
    {
        if(is_same_set(src[edges[i].second],dst[edges[i].second]))
			continue;
		unite(src[edges[i].second],dst[edges[i].second]);
		sum+=edges[i].first;
    }
	cout<<sum<<endl;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define FOR(i,s,e) for((i)=(s);(i)<(int)(e);(i)++)
#define REP(i,e) FOR(i,0,e)

#define all(o) (o).begin(), (o).end()
#define psb(x) push_back(x)
#define mp(x,y) make_pair((x),(y))

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const double EPS = 1e-10;

const int INF = 1000 * 1000 * 1000;
const int N = 100;
int n;
int c[N][N];
int d[N];
bool used[N];

int prim() {
  int i, res = 0;
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    d[i] = INF;
    used[i] = false;
  }

  d[0] = 0;
  while (1) {
    int v = -1;
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
      if (!used[i] && (v==-1 || (v>=0 && d[i]<d[v])))
        v = i;
  
    if (v==-1) break;
    used[v] = true;
    res += d[v];
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
      d[i] = min(d[i], c[v][i]);
  }

  return res;
}

int main() {
  int i, j;
  scanf("%d ", &n);
  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
    for (j=0; j<n; j++) {
      scanf("%d ", &(c[i][j]));
      if (c[i][j]==-1) c[i][j] = INF;
    }
  printf("%d\n", prim());
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <typeinfo>
#define PI 3.14159265359
#define INF 99999999;
#define rep(i, n) for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
#define REP(n) rep(i, n)
#define EPS 1e-10
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;

double distanceAB(double xa, double ya, double xb, double yb);
//void trace(int A[], int N);

/*
class Target
{
public:
	vector <string> draw(int n)
	{

	}
};
*/


static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim()
{
	int u, minv;
	int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
	
	REP(n)
	{
		d[i] = INFTY;
		p[i] = -1;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}
	
	d[0] = 0;
	
	while (1)
	{
		minv = INFTY;
		u = -1;
		REP(n)
		{
			if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK)
			{
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			}
		}
		if (u == -1) break;
		color[u] = BLACK;
		rep(v, n)
		{
			if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY)
			{
				if (d[v] > M[u][v])
				{
					d[v] = M[u][v];
					p[v] = u;
					color[v] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	int sum = 0;
	REP(n)
	{
		if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
	}
	
	return sum;
}


int main()
{
	cin >> n;
	
	rep(i, n)
	{
		rep(j, n)
		{
			int e;
			cin >> e;
			M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
		}
	}
	
	cout << prim() << endl;
	
	return 0;
}


/*
void trace(int A[], int N)
{
	REP(N)
	{
		if (i > 0) cout << " ";
		cout << A[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
}
*/


double distanceAB(double xa, double ya, double xb, double yb)
{
	return sqrt((xb-xa)*(xb-xa) + (yb-ya)*(yb-ya));
}