Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: //
//  main.cpp
//  minnimum_spanning_tree
//
//  Created by ???????????? on 2017/10/23.
//  Copyright ?? 2017 ????????????. All rights reserved.
//

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

#define n_max 100
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
#define INFTY 3000

using namespace std;

int n, M[n_max][n_max], color[n_max], d[n_max], p[n_max];

void init(){
    int i, j;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            scanf("%d", &M[i][j]);
        }
        color[i] = WHITE;
        d[i] = INFTY;
    }
}

void prim(){
    //initializing
    d[0] = 0;
    p[0] = -1;
    
    int u;
    while(true){
        int mincost = INFTY;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
            if((color[i] != BLACK) && (d[i] < mincost)){
                mincost = d[i];
                u = i;
            }
        }
        
        if (mincost == INFTY) break;
        
        color[u] = BLACK;
        
        for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
            if((color[v] != BLACK) && (M[u][v] != -1)){
                if(M[u][v] < d[v]){
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        sum += d[i];
    }
    cout<<sum<<endl;
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    init();
    prim();
//    std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#define MAX 101
#define INF 100000
#define FLAG 1
#define DEFLAG 0

int main() {
	int i, j, n, min, a[MAX][MAX], k, x[MAX], minNode, sum = 0, g[MAX];

	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (i = 0; i<n; i++) {
		for (j = 0; j<n; j++) {
			scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
		}
	}
	k = 1;
	x[0] = 0;
	g[0] = FLAG;
	for (i = 1; i<n; i++) {
		g[i] = DEFLAG;
	}
	while (1) {
		min = INF;
		for (i = 0; i<k; i++) {
			for (j = 0; j<n; j++) {
				if (min > a[x[i]][j] && a[x[i]][j] != -1 && g[j] != FLAG) {
					min = a[x[i]][j];
					minNode = j;
				}
			}
		}
		if (k != n) {
			x[k] = minNode;
			g[minNode] = FLAG;
			k++;
			sum += min;
		}
		else { break; }

	}
	printf("%d\n", sum);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) for (int i=0; i<(n); ++i)
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int, int>;

const int INF = 1 << 21;
const int MAX = 103;
const int WHITE = 0;
const int GRAY = 1;
const int BLACK = 2;
int n, G[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
  int u, minv;
  int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];

  fill((int*)d, (int*)(d+MAX), INF);
  memset(p, -1, sizeof(p));
  memset(color, WHITE, sizeof(color));

  d[0] = 0;
  while (true) {
    minv = INF;
    u = -1;
    rep(i,n) {
      if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
	u = i;
	minv = d[i];
      }
    }
    if (u == -1) break;
    color[u] = BLACK;
    rep(v,n) {
      if (color[v] != BLACK && G[u][v] != INF) {
	if (d[v] > G[u][v]) {
	  d[v] = G[u][v];
	  p[v] = u;
	  color[v] = GRAY;
	}
      }
    }
  }
  
  int sum = 0;
  rep(i,n) {
    if (p[i] != -1) sum += G[i][p[i]];
  }
  return sum;
}

int main() {
  cin >> n;
  rep(i,n) rep(j,n) {
    int e;
    cin >> e;
    G[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INF : e;
  }

  cout << prim() << endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#define INF 1<<30

int n, M[100][100];

int prim() {
    int e, minv, minx, s;
    int p[n], d[n], v[n];

    for (e = 0; e < n; e++) {
        p[e] = -1;
        d[e] = INF;
        v[e] = 0;
    }

    d[0] = 0;

    while (1) {
        minv = INF;
        minx = -1;
        for (e = 0; e < n; e++) {
            if (minv > d[e] && v[e] != 1) {
                minx = e;
                minv = d[e];
            }
        }

        if (minx == -1) break;
        v[minx] = 1;
        
        for (e = 0; e < n; e++) {
            if (v[e] != 1 && M[minx][e] != INF) {
                if (d[e] > M[minx][e]) {
                    d[e] = M[minx][e];
                    p[e] = minx;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    s = 0;
    for (e = 0; e < n; e++) {
        if (p[e] != -1) s += M[e][p[e]];
    }

    return s;
}

int main(void) {
    int i, j, v;
    scanf("%d", &n);

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &v);
            M[i][j] = (v == -1) ? INF : v;
        }
    }

    printf("%d\n", prim());

    return 0;
}