Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)

	paths[1] = 1
	d := 2
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()

		pushed := false
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
				pushed = true
			}
		}
		if pushed {
			d += 1
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: /*
?????????: Graph I - Breadth First Search
URL: http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_C
?????°
19:08 ??°?????????????????????????????£??¨??????????????????????????§???????????????????????£?????????
19:08 ???????????\????????\????????°??????????????????????¢????
19:09 ????????°???????????????????§£
19:13 ??¨???????????????????????£???
19:19 BFS????¨???¶???????¶??????????????????§??¨?????????????????????????????????
19:28 ???????????????????§?????????????????????£????????§????????????????????????????????????????????§????????????????????£????????????
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#define INF 114514
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int n; cin>>n;
	vector< set<int> > graphdat(n+1);  
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		int u; int k; cin >> u >> k;
		set<int> v;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			int tmp;
			cin >> tmp;
			v.insert(tmp);
		}
		graphdat[u] = v;
	}

	vector<int> distance(n+1);
	distance[1] = 0;
	for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
		distance[i] = INF;
	}

	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(1);

	while(!Q.empty()) {
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop(); // pop?????????????????????????????¨?¬???\??§??????
		for(int dest=1; dest<=n; dest++) {
			if(graphdat[cur].find(dest) != graphdat[cur].end()) { // ??????????????????
				if(distance[dest] > distance[cur] + 1) { // ??´??°??§????????????
					distance[dest] = distance[cur] + 1;
					Q.push(dest);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		cout << i << " " << distance[i] << endl;
	}

}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s);

int main () {
    int u, k, v;

    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);

    return 0;
}

void bfs(int s) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        u = q.front(); q.pop();
        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if (M[u][v] == 0) continue;
            if (d[v] != INFTY) continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>


#define MAX 101
#define WHITE 2
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 0

int col[MAX], d[MAX], a[MAX][MAX]; 
 
int n, h= 0, t = 0;


int Que[MAX];


/*Qの操作*/
 int Dequeque(){
  h++;
  return Que[h - 1];
}
void Enqueque(int b){
  Que[t] = b;
  t++;
}

 
void BFS(int s){
  int i, u;
  for(i = 1; i < n+1; i++){
      col[i] = WHITE;


      d[i] = -1;
  }
  d[s] = 0;
  

  col[s] = GRAY;
  
  Enqueque(s);
 
  while(h != t){
    u = Dequeque();
    for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
      if((col[i] == WHITE) && (a[u][i] == 1)){


    col[i] = GRAY;
    d[i] = d[u] + 1;
    Enqueque(i);
      }
    }
   

    col[u] = BLACK;
  }
}
 

  
int main(){
 
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  int i, u, j,y=1,e;



  /*配列の初期化*/
  for(i = 1; i < n+1; i++){
    for(j = 1; j < n+1; j++){
     

 a[i][j] = 0;

    }
  }

  int x; 
  for(i = 1; i < n+1; i++){

    scanf("%d%d",&u,&e);
    for(j = 1; j <= e; j++){
      scanf("%d", &x);
      a[i][x] = 1;
    }
  }
 
  BFS(y);
   
  for(i = 1; i < n+1; i++){
    printf("%d ", i);
    printf("%d\n", d[i]);
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin >> n;

    vector<int> G[n];
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        int p, k;
        cin >> p >> k;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
            int a;
            cin >> a;
            G[p - 1].push_back(a - 1);
        }
    }

    vector<int> D(n, 1e9);
    D[0] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);

    while(!q.empty()){
        int now = q.front();
        q.pop();

        for(int i = 0; i < G[now].size(); i++){
            int to = G[now][i];
            if(D[now] + 1 < D[to]){
                D[to] = D[now] + 1;
                q.push(to);
            }
        }
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cout << i + 1 << ' ' << (D[i] == 1e9 ? -1 : D[i]) << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

#define INF (long long)(1e9+7)
#define REP(i,n) for(ll i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define REP1(i,n) for(ll i = 1; i <= n; i++)

using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;


int main(void)
{
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  Graph G(n);
  int u, k;
  REP(j, n) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    REP(i, k) {
      int v;
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      G[u].push_back(v);
      //      G[v].push_back(u);
    }
  }

  vector<int> dist(n, -1);
  queue<int> que;

  dist[0] = 0;
  que.push(0);

  while(!que.empty()) {
    int v = que.front(); que.pop();

    for(int nv : G[v]) {
      if(dist[nv] != -1) continue;

      dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
      que.push(nv);
    }
  }
  REP(i, n) cout << i + 1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <set>

using namespace std;
int n,m,l,p;
bool a[100][100];
int D[100];
void bfs( int src) {
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	D[src]=0;
	while( ! Q.empty() ) {
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for(int dst = 0; dst < n; dst++ ) {
			if( D[dst] == 0 && a[cur][dst] == 1 ) {
				D[dst] = D[cur] + 1;
				Q.push(dst);
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n;i++) {
	cerr << i+1 <<  " " << D[i] <<  endl;
	}
}

int main() {
	cin >> n;
	for ( int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		D[i] = 0;
		for(int j= 0; j < n;j++) {
			a[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < n; i++){
		cin >> m;
		cin >> l;
		for(int j = 0; j < l;j++) {
			cin >> p;
			a[m-1][p-1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0);
}