Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

const int Max = 100;
int map[Max + 1][Max + 1];

typedef struct{
	bool startflag;
	int distance;
}State;

int main()
{
	int n, k, l, temp;
	std::queue<int> q;
	std::vector<State> state;

	for (int i = 1; i < Max + 1; i++){
		for (int j = 1; j < Max + 1; j++){
			map[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	std::cin >> n;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		std::cin >> k >> l;
		for (int j = 1; j <= l; j++){
			std::cin >> temp;
			map[k][temp] = 1;
		}
	}

	State s = { false, 0 };
	for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
		state.push_back(s);
	}

	int d = 0;
	while (1){
		if (q.empty() == true){
			bool f = false;
			for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
				if (state[i].startflag == false){
					if (i != 1){
						state[i].startflag = true;
						state[i].distance = -1;
						continue;
					}
					q.push(i);
					state[i].startflag = true;
					d = 0;
					state[i].distance = d;
					d++;
					f = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (f == false){
				break;
			}
		}
		int size = q.size();
		for (int j = 0; j < size; j++){
			for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
				if (map[q.front()][i] == 1 && state[i].startflag == false){
					q.push(i);
					state[i].startflag = true;
					state[i].distance = d;
				}
			}
			q.pop();
		}
		d++;
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		std::cout << i << " " << state[i].distance << std::endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];   //頂点からの距離を格納するための配列

void bfs(int s) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while ( !q.empty() ) {
        u = q.front(); q.pop();   //front:キューから取り出し、pop:キューから削除
        for ( int v = 0; v < n; v++ ) {
            if ( M[u][v] == 0 ) continue;   //頂点同士が隣接しているか確認
            if ( d[v] != INFTY ) continue;   //頂点を訪れたか確認
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;   //始点からの距離を格納
            q.push(v);   //次に調査する頂点をキューに追加
        }
    }
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    int u, k, v;   //u:頂点番号、k:uの出次数、v:隣接する頂点番号
    
    cin >> n;
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) M[i][j] = 0;
    }
    
    //隣接する頂点のリストを作成
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for ( int j = 0; j < k; j++ ) {
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    bfs(0);
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) REP(i, 0, n)
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define MSG(a) cout << #a << " " << a << endl;
#define REP(i, x, n) for (int i = x; i < n; i++)
#define OP(m) cout << m << endl
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;

int m[100][100];
int d[100];
int n;
const int INF = 1e8;

void bfs(int u)
{
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(u);

    d[u] = 0;

    while (!q.empty())
    {
        int t = q.front();
        q.pop();

        rep(i, n)
        {
            if (m[t][i] == 0 || d[i] != INF)
                continue;
            d[i] = d[t] + 1;
            q.push(i);
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    rep(i, n) d[i] = INF;

    rep(i, n) rep(j, n) m[i][j] = 0;

    rep(i, n)
    {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        --u;
        rep(j, k)
        {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            m[u][--v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);

    rep(i, n)
    {
        if (d[i] == INF)
            cout << i + 1 << " " << -1 << endl;
        else
            cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
enum COLOR{WHITE,GRAY,BLACK};
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s)
{
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i]=INFTY;
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        u=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int v=0;v<n;v++)
        {
            if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
            if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
            d[v]=d[u]+1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        cout<<i+1<<" "<<(d[i]==INFTY?-1:d[i])<<endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int u,v,k,i,j;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)M[i][j]=0;
    }

    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d %d",&u,&k);
        u--;
        for(j=0;j<k;j++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&v);
            v--;
            M[u][v]=1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);
 	return 0;
}