Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(shortestList)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #if 0

#endif
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <assert.h>
#include <complex>
#include <memory>
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
class UnionFindTree {
    ll n;
    ll P[100000];
public:
    void init(ll n) {
        for (ll i = 0; i <= n; ++i) P[i] = i;
    };
    ll root(ll node) {
        if (P[node] == node) return node; // aはroot
        return (P[node] = root(P[node])); // aの親のrootを求め，aの親とする(圧縮)
    }
    bool is_group(ll node_a, ll node_b) {
        return root(node_a) == root(node_b);
    }
    void unite(ll node_a, ll node_b) {
        P[root(node_a)] = root(node_b);
    }
};
ll a[10000][10000];
vector<pair<ll, pair<ll, ll> > > edge;
int main(void){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    unique_ptr<UnionFindTree> tree(new UnionFindTree);
    tree->init(10000);
    ll N;
    cin >> N;
    for (ll i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        for (ll j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
            cin >> a[i][j];
            if (i >= j || a[i][j] == -1) continue;
            edge.push_back(make_pair(a[i][j], make_pair(i, j)));
        }
    }
    sort(edge.begin(), edge.end());

    ll cost_sum = 0;
    for (ll i = 0; i < edge.size(); ++i) {
        if (tree->is_group(edge[i].second.first, edge[i].second.second)) continue;
        tree->unite(edge[i].second.first, edge[i].second.second);
        cost_sum += edge[i].first;
    }

    cout << cost_sum << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main(){

	int n,tmp,sum=0,tmp_min;
	scanf("%d",&n);
	int table[n][n],check[n],num_of_group=0,parent,child;
	vector<int> Group;

	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int k=0;k<n;k++){
			scanf("%d",&tmp);
			table[i][k]=tmp;
		}
		check[i]=0;
	}

	Group.push_back(0);
	check[0]=1;
	num_of_group = 1;
	while(num_of_group<n){
		tmp_min=2001;

		for(int i=0;i<num_of_group;i++){
			for(int k=0;k<n;k++){
				if(table[Group[i]][k]!=-1&&check[k]==0&&table[Group[i]][k]<tmp_min){
					tmp_min = table[Group[i]][k];
					parent=Group[i];
					child = k;
				}
			}
		}
		Group.push_back(child);
		sum+=table[parent][child];
		check[child]=1;
		num_of_group++;
	}

	printf("%d\n",sum);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];
int prim()
{
    int u, minv;
    int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    d[0] = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK)
            {
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if (u == -1)
            break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++)
        {
            if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY)
            {
                if (d[v] > M[u][v])
                {
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (p[i] != -1)
            sum += M[i][p[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}
int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
            int e;
            cin >> e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }
    cout << prim() << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#define rep(i,n)for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
static const int MAX=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim()
{
    int u,minv;
    int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];

    rep(i,n)
    {
        d[i]=INFTY;
        p[i]=-1;
        color[i]=WHITE;
    }

    d[0]=0;

    while (true)
    {
        minv=INFTY;
        u=-1;
        rep(i,n)
        {
           if (minv>d[i] && color[i]!=BLACK)
           {
               minv=d[i];
               u=i;
           }
        }

        if(u==-1)break;
        color[u]=BLACK;
        rep(v,n)
        {
            if(color[v]!=BLACK && M[u][v]!=INFTY)
            {
                if (d[v]>M[u][v])
                {
                    d[v]=M[u][v];
                    p[v]=u;
                    color[v]=GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum=0;
    rep(i,n)
    {
        if(p[i]!=-1)sum+=M[i][p[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    cin>>n;
    rep(i,n)
    {
        rep(j,n)
        {
            int e;
            cin>>e;
            M[i][j]=(e==-1) ? INFTY:e;
        }
    }

    cout<<prim()<<endl;

    return 0;
}