Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;

int dh[4] = {1,0,-1,0};
int dw[4] = {0,1,0,-1};

int main()
{
   int n;
   cin >> n;
   vector<vector<int>>G(n);
   for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
   {
       int k;
       cin >> k >> k;
       for(int j = 0; j < k; j++)
       {
           int v;
           cin >> v;
           v--;
           G[i].push_back(v);
       }
   }
   vector<int>dist(n,-1);
   dist[0] = 0;
   queue<int>que;
   que.push(0);
   while(!que.empty())
   {
       int v = que.front();
       que.pop();
       for(auto nv: G[v])
       {
           if(dist[nv] != -1) continue;
           dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
           que.push(nv);
       }
   }
   for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
   {
       cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
   }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=2000000000;
int n,M[N+1][N+1];
int d[N+1];
void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)d[i]=INFTY;
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int v=1;v<=n;v++){
            if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
            if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
            d[v]=d[u]+1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        cout<<i<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?-1:d[i])<<"\n";

}

int main(){
    int u,k,v;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        cin>>u>>k;
        for(int j=1;j<=k;j++){
            cin>>v;
            M[u][v]=1;
        }
    }
    bfs(1);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

vector<int> bfs(
    int p,
    const vector<vector<int>> graph)
{
    queue<int> Q;
    vector<bool> status(graph.size());
    vector<int> distance(graph.size());
    Q.push(p);
    status[p] = true;
    while (!Q.empty())
    {  
        int k = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (const auto& q : graph[k]) {
            if (!status[q]) {
                Q.push(q);
                status[q] = true;
                distance[q] = distance[k]+1;
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < status.size(); ++i) {
        if (status[i] == 0) {
            distance[i] = -1;
        }
    }
    return distance;
}

int main() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> graph(n);
    for (auto&& g : graph) {
        int id;
        cin >> id;
        int size;
        cin >> size;
        g.reserve(size);
        for (int j = 0; j < size; ++j) {
            int k; 
            cin >> k;
            g.push_back(k-1);
        }
    }
    auto result = bfs(0, graph);
    for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << result[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
typedef long long ll;
#define ALL(l)  (l).begin(),(l).end()
#define rep(i,n) for(ll (i)=0;(i)<(n);(i)++)
#define rep2(i, s, n) for (ll i = (s); i < (ll)(n); i++)
using namespace std;

//const ll mod =  1000000007;
//const ll maxn = 1000000000;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
using vi = vector<int>; // intの1次元の型に vi という別名をつける
using vll = vector<ll>; // intの1次元の型に vi という別名をつける
using vvll = vector<vll>; // intの2次元の型に vvi という別名をつける
using vs = vector<string>; // stringの1次元の型に vs という別名をつける
using pll = pair<ll, ll>; // これ以降 pii という型名はpair<ll, ll> と同じ意味で使える
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


int main() {
   int n;
   cin>>n;
   vi ans(n,-1);
   vi g[n];
   rep(i,n){
       int h,k;
       cin>>h>>k;
       rep(j,k){
           int t;
           cin>>t;
           //cout<<i<<" "<<t-1<<endl;
           g[i].push_back(t-1);
       }
   }
  
   ans.at(0)=0;
   queue<int> q ;
   q.push(0);
   
   while(!q.empty()){
      int from=q.front();
      q.pop();
      for(int to : g[from]){
          if(ans.at(to)!=-1)continue;
          ans.at(to)=ans.at(from)+1;
          q.push(to);
      }
   }
   rep(i,n){
       cout<<i+1<<" "<<ans.at(i)<<endl;
   }
}