Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

// I/O
type Scanner struct {
	sc *bufio.Scanner
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+9))
	return &Scanner{sc}
}

func (s *Scanner) nextStr() string {
	s.sc.Scan()
	return s.sc.Text()
}

func (s *Scanner) nextInt() int {
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(s.nextStr())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloat() float64 {
	f, e := strconv.ParseFloat(s.nextStr(), 64)
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return f
}

func (s *Scanner) nextRuneSlice() []rune {
	return []rune(s.nextStr())
}

func (s *Scanner) nextIntSlice(n int) []int {
	res := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextInt()
	}
	return res
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloatSlice(n int) []float64 {
	res := make([]float64, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextFloat()
	}
	return res
}

// Arithmetic
func max(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m < i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func min(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m > i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x > 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func pow(x, y int) int {
	res := 1
	for i := 0; i < y; i++ {
		res *= x
	}
	return res
}

func ceil(a, b int) int {
	if a%b == 0 {
		return a / b
	} else {
		return a/b + 1
	}
}

// Sort
type RuneSlice []rune

func (a RuneSlice) Len() int           { return len(a) }
func (a RuneSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i] < a[j] }
func (a RuneSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }

// Main
type Queue struct {
	arr []int
}

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	q.arr = append(q.arr, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	res := q.arr[0]
	q.arr = q.arr[1:]
	return res
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return len(q.arr) == 0
}

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	wtr := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	N := sc.nextInt()
	G := make([][]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		u, k := sc.nextInt()-1, sc.nextInt()
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			G[u] = append(G[u], sc.nextInt()-1)
		}
	}
	var q Queue
	seen := make([]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		seen[i] = -1
	}
	var search func(cur int)
	search = func(cur int) {
		for i := 0; i < len(G[cur]); i++ {
			next := G[cur][i]
			if seen[next] == -1 {
				q.push(next)
				seen[next] = seen[cur] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	q.push(0)
	seen[0] = 0
	for !q.isEmpty() {
		search(q.pop())
	}

	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(wtr, i+1, seen[i])
	}
	wtr.Flush()
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
  }
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
      M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

int n, M[100][100], d[100];

void bfs (int s) {

    int i, u, v;

    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(s);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        d[i] = (1 << 21);
    }
    d[s] = 0;
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        u = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if (M[u][v] == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            if (d[v] != (1 << 21)) {
                continue;
            }
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            Q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == (1 << 21)) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main () {

    int u, k, v, i, j;

    cin >> n;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs (0);

    return 0;

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <cassert>
#include <queue>

const int MAXINT = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();

void bfs(std::vector<std::vector<int> >& adj_list, std::vector<int>& d, int root = 0 ){
  std::queue<int> target_q;
  // std::queue<int> dist_q;
  target_q.push(root);
  d[root] = 0;
  // dist_q.push(0;)
  while(!target_q.empty()){
    int vtx = target_q.front(); target_q.pop();
    for(int const&  u : adj_list[vtx]){
      target_q.push(u);
      if(d[vtx] + 1 < d[u]){
        // std::cout<< "/* message */" << std::endl;
        d[u] = d[vtx] + 1;
      }
    }
  }
}


int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  int n; // .. 100
  std::cin >> n;
  std::vector<std::vector<int> > adj_list(n);
  std::vector<int> d(n, MAXINT);

  for(int q=0; q<n; ++q){
    int i_plus_1, k;
    std::cin >> i_plus_1;
    std::cin >> k;
    for(int p=0; p<k; ++p){
      int j_plus_1;
      std::cin >> j_plus_1;
      // adj[i_plus_1-1][j_plus_1-1] = true;
      adj_list[i_plus_1 - 1].push_back(j_plus_1-1);
    }
  }
  bfs(adj_list, d, 0);

  for(int i=0; i<n; ++i){

    // if(d[i] < MAXINT){
      std::cout << (i+1)
        << " " << d[i]
        << std::endl;
  }


  // for(auto it = adj_list.begin(); it != adj_list.end(); ++it){
  //   std::cout << ": ";
  //   for(auto jt = (*it).begin(); jt != (*it).end(); ++jt){
  //     std::cout << (*jt) << ' ';
  //   }
  //   std::cout << std::endl;
  // }

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

#define MAX_NODE 100
#define INF 1000000000

using namespace std;

int d[MAX_NODE];
vector<int> adj[MAX_NODE];

void bfs(int n, int start) {
	queue<int> que;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		d[i] = (i == start ? 0 : INF);

	que.push(start);
	while(!que.empty()) {
		int from = que.front();
		que.pop();

		for (int i = 0; i < adj[from].size(); i++) {
			int to = adj[from][i];
			if (d[to] == INF) {
				d[to] = d[from] + 1;
				que.push(to);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	int n;

	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		while (k--) {
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			adj[u].push_back(v);
		}
	}

	bfs(n, 0);

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (d[i] != INF)
			cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
		else
			cout << i + 1 << "-1" << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

vector<int> G[101];
bool visit[101];
int n, u, k, m;
int dist[101];

void bfs()
{
	int root = 1;
	queue<int> que;
	que.push(root);
	dist[root] = 0;
 visit[root] = true;
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		int node = que.front();
		que.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < G[node].size(); i++)
		{
			int next = G[node][i];
			if (!visit[next])
			{
				visit[next] = true;
				que.push(next);
				dist[next] = dist[node] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(dist) / sizeof(dist[0]); i++)
		dist[i] = -1;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)
		{
			scanf("%d", &m);
			G[u].push_back(m);
		}
	}
	bfs();
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		printf("%d %d\n", i, dist[i]);

	return 0;
}