Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
namespace kruskal_n {
struct UnionFind {
	int sz;
	vector<int> par;
	UnionFind(int a) : sz(a), par(sz, -1) {}
	int root(int x) { return par[x] < 0 ? x : par[x] = root(par[x]);}
	bool same(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y);}
	bool unite(int x, int y) {
		x = root(x);
		y = root(y);
		if (x == y) return false;
		if (size(x) < size(y)) swap(x, y);
		par[x] += par[y];
		par[y] = x;
		return true;
	}
	int size(int x) { return -par[root(x)];}
	int size() { return sz;}
};
template<class W>
struct Edge {
	using type = Edge<W>;
	int from;
	int to;
	W w;
	template<class... Args> Edge(int f, int t, Args... args) : from(f), to(t), w(args...) {}
	inline bool operator<(const Edge& rhs) const { return w < rhs.w; }
	inline bool operator>(const type& rhs) const { return rhs < *this; }
	inline bool operator>=(const type& rhs) const { return !(*this < rhs); }
	inline bool operator<=(const type& rhs) const { return !(rhs < *this); }
	inline bool operator==(const type& rhs) const { return !(*this < rhs) && !(rhs < *this); }
	inline bool operator!=(const type& rhs) const { return (*this < rhs) || (rhs < *this); }
};
template<class W>
struct Edges : private vector<Edge<W>> {
	using type = vector<Edge<W>>;
	Edges() : type() {}
	Edges(int n) : type() {assert(0 && "Constructor must be empty");}
	template<class... Args> void add_edge(int u, int v, Args... args) {
		(*this).emplace_back(u, v, args...);
	}
	using type::begin; using type::end; using type::rbegin; using type::rend;
	using type::cbegin; using type::cend; using type::crbegin; using type::crend;
	using type::size; using type::operator[]; using type::at; using type::back; using type::front;
	using type::reserve; using type::resize; using type::assign; using type::shrink_to_fit;
	using type::clear; using type::erase; using type::insert; using type::swap; 
	using type::push_back; using type::pop_back; using type::emplace_back; using type::empty;
};
template<class T>
T Kruskal(Edges<T>& e) {
	sort(e.begin(), e.end());
	UnionFind u(e.size());
	T res = 0;
	for (auto &x : e) {
		if (u.unite(x.from, x.to)) res += x.w;
	}
	return res;
}
}
using kruskal_n::Kruskal;
template<class T> using graph = kruskal_n::Edges<T>;

int main() {
    int n; cin >> n;
    graph<long long> g;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            int c; cin >> c;
            if (c >= 0) g.add_edge(i, j, c);
        }
    }
    cout << Kruskal(g) << endl;
}

C++: #include <climits>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int prim(vector<vector<int>>& graph) {
    int n = graph.size() - 1;
    vector<bool> isInTree(n + 1);
    vector<int> weight(n + 1);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        weight[i] = INT_MAX;
    int v = 1;
    weight[v] = 0;
    while (true) {
        isInTree[v] = true;
        int minCost = INT_MAX;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            if (!isInTree[i])
                continue;
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
                int cost = graph[i][j];
                if (cost >= 0 && !isInTree[j] && cost <= minCost) {
                    v = j;
                    minCost = cost;
                }
            }
        }
        if (minCost == INT_MAX)
            break;
        weight[v] = minCost;
    }

    int result = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        result += weight[i];
    return result;
}

int main() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> graph(n + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            cin >> graph[i][j];

    int totalCost = prim(graph);
    cout << totalCost << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: a