Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)
	paths[1] = 1

	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()
		d := paths[u] + 1
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
			}
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

const double PI = 3.14159265358979;

int G[101][101];
bool visited[101];
int timex[101][2];
int deep[101];
int now_time = 1;
int n;

void dfs(int node) {

	if (!visited[node]) {
		visited[node] = 1;
		timex[node][0] = now_time++;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
			if (G[node][i] && visited[i] == 0) {
				dfs(i);
			}
		}
		timex[node][1] = now_time++;
	}
}

void dfs_stack(int node) {

	stack<int> st;
	st.push(node);
	visited[node] = 1;
	timex[node][0] = now_time++;
	while (!st.empty()) {
		int ver = st.top();

		bool flag = false;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
			if (G[ver][i] && visited[i] == 0) {
				visited[i] = 1;
				timex[i][0] = now_time++;
				st.push(i);
				flag = true;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (!flag) {
			timex[ver][1] = now_time++;
			st.pop();
		}
	}
}

void bfs(int node, bool reach) {

	queue<int> Q;
	visited[node] = 1;
	if (!reach) deep[node] = -1;
	Q.push(node);

	while (!Q.empty()) {

		int top = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
			if (G[top][i] && !visited[i]) {
				Q.push(i);
				visited[i] = 1;
				if (reach)
					deep[i] = deep[top] + 1;
				else
					deep[i] = -1;
			}
		}
	}
}


int main() {
	
	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
		int id, degree;
		cin >> id >> degree;
		for (int j = 0; j < degree; j++) {
			int idx; cin >> idx;
			G[id - 1][idx - 1] = 1;
		}
	}

	bool first = true;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (!visited[i]) {
			bfs(i, first);
			first = false;
		}
	}
	

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << deep[i] << endl;
	}


	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int infty=(1<<21);

int n,m[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s)
{
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=infty;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;

  while(!q.empty())
  {
    u=q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++)
    {
      if(m[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=infty) continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==infty)?(-1):d[i]) <<endl;
  }
}

int main()
{
  //入力
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  for(int j=0;j<n;j++) m[i][j]=0;

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
    {
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      m[u][v]=1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

}

C++: #pragma region kyomukyomupurin

/**
 *    author  : 𝒌𝒚𝒐𝒎𝒖𝒌𝒚𝒐𝒎𝒖𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏
 *    created : 2020-06-07 22:12:03
 **/

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <chrono>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

using int64 = long long;

template<class T>
inline void eraque(std::vector<T>& vec) {
  vec.erase(std::unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());
  return;
}

template<class T>
inline int lower_position(const std::vector<T>& vec, T value) {
  return static_cast<int>(distance(vec.begin(), std::lower_bound(vec.begin(), vec.end(), value)));
}

template<class T>
inline int upper_position(const std::vector<T>& vec, T value) {
  return static_cast<int>(distance(vec.begin(), std::upper_bound(vec.begin(), vec.end(), value)));
}

template <class T>
using binary_heap = std::priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>, std::greater<T>>;

template <class T, class U>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::pair<T, U>& p) {
  return os << '(' << p.first << ", " << p.second << ')';
}

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
template <class Ch, class Tr, class Tuple, std::size_t... Is>
void tuple_out(std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, const Tuple& tp, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
  ((os << (Is ? ", " : "(") << std::get<Is>(tp)), ...) << ")";
}

template <class Ch, class Tr, class... Args>
auto& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& tp) {
  tuple_out(os, tp, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
  return os;
}
#endif

template <class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& vec) {
  int n = 0;
  for (auto e : vec) os << (n++ ? ", " : "{") << e;
  return os << (n ? "}" : "{}");
}

template <class T, class Compare>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::set<T, Compare>& st) {
  int n = 0;
  for (auto e : st) os << (n++ ? ", " : "{") << e;
  return os << (n ? "}" : "{}");
}

template <class T, class U, class Compare>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::map<T, U, Compare>& mp) {
  int n = 0;
  for (auto e : mp) os << (n++ ? ", " : "{") << e;
  return os << (n ? "}" : "{}");
}

template <class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, std::vector<T>& vec) {
  for (T& e : vec) is >> e;
  return is;
}

#define all(_) begin(_), end(_)
#define rall(_) rbegin(_), rend(_)

#ifdef LOCAL
#define debug(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]: ", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...)
#endif

void debug_out() { std::cerr << '\n'; }

template <class Head, class... Tail>
void debug_out(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  std::cerr << head;
  if (sizeof...(Tail) != 0) std::cerr << ", ";
  debug_out(std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}

#pragma endregion kyomukyomupurin

int main() {
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);

  int n; cin >> n;
  vector<vector<int>> g(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    int id, k; cin >> id >> k;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
      int v; cin >> v; --v;
      g[i].emplace_back(v);
    }
  }

  vector<int> dis(n, -1);
  dis[0] = 0;

  queue<int> que;
  que.emplace(0);
  vector<bool> visited(n, false);
  visited[0] = true;

  while (!que.empty()) {
    int cur = que.front(); que.pop();
    for (int nxt : g[cur]) {
      if (visited[nxt]) continue;
      dis[nxt] = dis[cur] + 1;
      visited[nxt] = true;
      que.emplace(nxt);
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << dis[i] << '\n';
  }

  return 0;
}