Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const MAX = 1000
const NIL = -1

type Node struct {
	id    int
	depth int
}

type Queue struct {
	head      int
	tail      int
	container [MAX]Node
}

func (q *Queue) inQueue(x Node) {
	q.container[q.tail] = x
	q.tail = (q.tail + 1) % MAX
}

func (q *Queue) deQueue() Node {
	x := q.container[q.head]
	q.head = (q.head + 1) % MAX
	return x
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func scanInt() int {
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanString())
	return num
}

func scanString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

func main() {
	n := scanInt()
	route := make([][]int, n)
	for i := range route {
		u, k := scanInt(), scanInt()
		u--
		route[u] = make([]int, k)
		for j := range route[u] {
			num := scanInt()
			num--
			route[i][j] = num
		}
	}

	d := make([]int, n)
	for i := range d {
		d[i] = NIL
	}

	start := Node{0, 0}
	que := Queue{}
	que.inQueue(start)
	for !que.isEmpty() {
		node := que.deQueue()
		if d[node.id] != NIL {
			continue
		}
		d[node.id] = node.depth

		for _, nextId := range route[node.id] {
			next := Node{id: nextId, depth: node.depth + 1}
			que.inQueue(next)
		}
	}

	for i, depth := range d {
		fmt.Println(i+1, depth)
	}
}

C++: //Breadth First Search (?????????) Algorithm
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#define WH 0
#define GR 1
#define BL 2
#define INF 2000000
void bfs(int);
void init(void);
int n, *color, **M, *d;
std::queue<int> Q;
int main(){
  std::cin>>n;
  color=new int[n], d=new int[n], M=new int*[n];
  for(int i=0, u, k;i<n;i++){
    M[i]=new int[n];
    color[i]=WH, d[i]=INF;
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;
    std::cin>>u>>k;
    for(int j=0, v;j<k;j++){
      std::cin>>v;
      M[u-1][v-1]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) std::cout<<i+1<<" "<<(d[i]!=INF?d[i]:-1)<<std::endl;
  delete color;
  delete d;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) delete M[i];
  delete M;
  return 0;
}

void bfs(int s){
  color[s]=GR, d[s]=0;
  Q.push(s);
  while(!Q.empty()){
    int u=Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(M[u][i]&&color[i]==WH){
        color[i]=GR, d[i]=d[u]+1;
        Q.push(i);
      }
    }
    color[u]=BL;
  }
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
#define sz(x) int(x.size())
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define rall(v) v.rbegin(), v.rend()
#define YesorNo(a) printf(a ? "Yes\n" : "No\n")
#define endl '\n'
#define fi first
#define se second
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int,int>;
using Pl = pair<ll,ll>;
template<class T> using V = vector<T>;
const int dx[] = {0,1,0,-1,1,1,-1,-1};
const int dy[] = {1,0,-1,0,1,-1,-1,1};
const int inf = (1<<30)-1;
const ll infll = (1LL<<62)-1;
ll ceil(const ll &a, const ll &b){return ((a)+(b)-1)/b;}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }



int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    V<V<int>> g(n);
    rep(i,n) {
        int a;
        cin >> a;
        a--;
        int k;
        cin >> k;
        rep(j,k) {
            int b;
            cin >> b;
            b--;
            g[a].push_back(b);
        }
    }

    V<int> d(n,-1);
    d[0] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    while(sz(q)) {
        int v = q.front(); q.pop();
        for(int nv : g[v]) {
            if(d[nv] != -1) continue;
            d[nv] = d[v] + 1;
            q.push(nv);
        }
    }

    rep(i,n) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void BFS(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i]=INFTY;
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
      u=q.front();
      q.pop();
      for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
	if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
	d[v]=d[u]+1;
	q.push(v);
      }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      cout << i+1 << " " <<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
  int u,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++)M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  BFS(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

#define N 100
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

using namespace std;

int n;
int M[N][N]; // ??£??\??????
int d[N]; // ???????????¢


void bfs()
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        d[i] = -1;
    }
    
    int u;
    u = 0;
    d[u] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(u);
    
    while (!q.empty()) {
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (M[u][i] == 0) continue;
            q.push(i);
            if (d[i] == -1) {
                d[i] = d[u] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
}


int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    // input graph
    int u, k, v;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
        for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &v);
            M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    bfs();
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    d[i] = INFTY;
  }
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while (!q.empty()) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (M[u][v] == 0) {
        continue;
      }
      if (d[v] != INFTY) {
        continue;
      }
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main()
{
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define N 1000
bool M[N][N];

int main(){
    int n,u,k,v;
    queue<int> Q;
 
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	cin >> u >> k;
	u--;
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
	    cin >> v;
	    v--;
	    M[u][v]=true;
	}
    }
   
    int d[N]={0};
    Q.push(0);
    while(!Q.empty()){
	u=Q.front();
	Q.pop();
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	    if(M[u][i] && d[i]==0){
		d[i]=d[u]+1;
		Q.push(i);
	    }
	}
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	if(i!=0 && d[i]==0) d[i]=-1;
	printf("%d %d\n",i+1,d[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}