Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <complex>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <map>
#include <set>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int g[110][110];
    int i, j;
    int u, k, v;
    int dist[110];
    bool visited[110];
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        dist[i] = -1;
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            g[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for(j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    queue<int> q1, q2;
    q1.push(0);
    
    for(i = 0; q1.size(); i++){
        while(!q1.empty()){
            int p = q1.front();
            q1.pop();
            
            if(visited[p]) continue;
            visited[p] = true;
            
            dist[p] = i;
            
            for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
                if(g[p][j]){
                    q2.push(j);
                }
            }
        }
        q1 = q2;
        while(!q2.empty()){
            q2.pop();
        }
    }
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, dist[i]);
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

template <class T>
struct Edge {
    int to;
    T cost;
    Edge(int to, T cost) : to(to), cost(cost){};
};

template <class T = int>
class Graph {
public:
    explicit Graph(int N = 0) : size(N) { path.resize(size); }
    void span(int u, int v, T cost = 1) { path[u].push_back(Edge<T>(v, cost)); }
    vector<Edge<T>> operator[](int v) const { return path[v]; }

    int size;
    vector<vector<Edge<T>>> path;
};

template <class T>
vector<T> bfs(const Graph<>& graph, int s) {
    vector<int> dist(graph.size, -1);
    dist[s] = 0;
    queue<int> que;
    que.push(s);

    while (!que.empty()) {
        int v = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (auto e : graph[v]) {
            if (dist[e.to] < 0) {
                dist[e.to] = dist[v] + 1;
                que.push(e.to);
            }
        }
    }
    return dist;
}

int main() {
    int N;
    cin >> N;
    Graph<> graph(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        int v, k;
        cin >> v >> k;
        --v;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            int sv;
            cin >> sv;
            graph.span(v, --sv);
        }
    }

    auto dist = bfs<int>(graph, 0);
    for (int v = 0; v < N; ++v) {
        cout << v + 1 << " " << dist[v] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cctype>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<array>
#include<iomanip>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
typedef int long long ll;

using namespace std;

static const int N=100;
static const int INF =(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];


void dfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    rep(i,n)d[i]=INF;
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u=q.front();q.pop();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(M[u][i]==0)continue;
            if(d[i]!=INF)continue;
            d[i]=d[u]+1;
            q.push(i);
        }
    }
    rep(i,n){
        cout<<i+1<<" "<<(d[i]==INF?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
    }
    
    
}




int main(){
    int u,k,v;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
            M[i][j]=0;
        }
    }
    
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cin>>u>>k;
        u--;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            cin>>v;
            v--;
            M[u][v]=1;
        }
    }
    
    dfs(0);
    
    
    

return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

using Weight=int;
using DArray=vector<Weight>;
using DMatrix=vector<DArray>;

static const Weight INF=1<<29;

struct Edge {
    size_t src, dst;
    Weight weight;
    Edge() {}
    Edge(size_t src, size_t dst, Weight weight=1):
        src(src), dst(dst), weight(weight)
    {}
};

bool operator<(const Edge &e, const Edge &f) {
    if (e.weight != f.weight) {
        return e.weight > f.weight;
    } else {
        return e.src!=f.src? e.src<f.src : e.dst<f.dst;
    }
}

using Edges=vector<Edge>;
using Vertex=vector<Edge>;
using Graph=vector<Vertex>;

void join(Graph &g, size_t s, size_t d, Weight w=1) {
    // non-directed
    g[s].push_back(Edge(s, d, w));
    g[d].push_back(Edge(d, s, w));
}

void connect(Graph &g, size_t s, size_t d, Weight w=1) {
    // directed
    g[s].push_back(Edge(s, d, w));
}

int main() {
    size_t n;
    scanf("%zu", &n);

    Graph g(n);
    for (size_t i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        size_t k;
        scanf("%*d %zu", &k);
        for (size_t j=0; j<k; ++j) {
            size_t v;
            scanf("%zu", &v);
            --v;

            connect(g, i, v);
        }
    }

    queue<size_t> q; q.push(0);
    vector<size_t> d(n, -1); d[0]=0;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        size_t v=q.front(); q.pop();
        for (Edge &e: g[v]) {
            if (d[e.dst] > d[v] + 1) {
                d[e.dst] = d[v] + 1;
                q.push(e.dst);
            }
        }
    }

    for (size_t i=0; i<n; ++i)
        printf("%zu %zd\n", i+1, d[i]);

    return 0;
}