Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func getScanner(fp *os.File) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 500001), 500000)
	return scanner
}

func getNextString(scanner *bufio.Scanner) string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func getNextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(getNextString(scanner))
	return i
}

func main() {
	fp := os.Stdin
	if len(os.Args) > 1 {
		fp, _ = os.Open(os.Args[1])
	}

	scanner := getScanner(fp)
	writer := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)

	n := getNextInt(scanner)
	nodes := make([]Node, n)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		nodes[i].list = make([]int, 0)
		nodes[i].d = -1
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		u := getNextInt(scanner)
		k := getNextInt(scanner)
		u--
		for ii := 0; ii < k; ii++ {
			v := getNextInt(scanner)
			v--
			nodes[u].list = append(nodes[u].list, v)
		}
	}

	queue := make([]int, n)
	queue[0] = 0
	nodes[0].d = 0
	d := 0
	i, j := 0, 1
	for i < j {
		d++
		prev := j
		for i < prev {
			for k, l := 0, len(nodes[queue[i]].list); k < l && i < n; k++ {
				if nodes[nodes[queue[i]].list[k]].d != -1 {
					continue
				}
				nodes[nodes[queue[i]].list[k]].d = d
				queue[j] = nodes[queue[i]].list[k]
				j++
			}
			i++
		}
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(writer, fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", i+1, nodes[i].d))
	}

	writer.Flush()
}

// Node ...
type Node struct {
	list []int
	d    int
}

C++: // http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_B

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>

typedef long long ll;
const long double PI = (acos(-1));
const long long MOD = 1000000007;
#define rep(i,n) REP(i,0,n)
#define REP(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<n;++i)

using namespace std;

// change min/max
template<class T> inline bool chMin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chMax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }

template<class T> void output(std::vector<T> & A) {
    const int n = A.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
        std::cout << A[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << A[n - 1] << std::endl;
}

const int WHITE = 0;
const int GRAY = 1;
const int BLACK = 2;
vector<vector<int>> M;
vector<int> colour, d;
int tt = 0;
queue<int> que;

void bfs(int u) {
    que.push(u);
    colour[u] = GRAY;

    while (!que.empty()) {
        const int v = que.front(); que.pop();
        for (int s : M[v]) {
            if (colour[s] == WHITE) {
                que.push(s);
                d[s] = d[v] + 1;
                colour[s] = GRAY;
            }
        }
        colour[v] = BLACK;
    }
}

int main() {
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    std::cin.tie(0);
    std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(15);

    // populate M
    int n; cin >> n;
    M = vector<vector<int>>(n);
    colour = vector<int>(n, 0);
    d = vector<int>(n, -1);

    rep(i, n) {
        int from; cin >> from; --from;
        int m; cin >> m;
        rep(j, m) {
            int to; cin >> to; --to;
            M[from].push_back(to);
            // M[to].push_back(from);
        }
    }

    // bfs
    d[0] = 0;
    bfs(0);

    rep(i, n) {
        cout << (i + 1) << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

int n;
int u[10010], k[10010],  v[10010][10010];
int answer[10010][10010];

int D[10010];
void bfs(int src){
	//cerr << "bfs root = " << src << endl;
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	D[src] = 0;
	//int cnt = 0;
	while(! Q.empty()){
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		//cerr << "visiting " << cur << " " << D[cur] << endl;
		
		for(int dst = 0; dst < 1001; ++dst){
			if(answer[cur - 1][dst - 1] == 1 && D[dst] > 10000){
				D[dst] = D[cur] + 1; 
				Q.push(dst);
			}
		}

	}
	for(int i = 1; i  < n + 1; ++i ){
		if(D[i] < 10000){
			cout << i << " " <<  D[i] << endl;
		}else{
			cout << i << " " << -1 << endl;
		}
	}

	
}

int main(){
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < 1001; ++i){
		for(int j = 0; j < 1001; ++j)
			answer[i][j] = 0;
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < 10010; ++i){
		D[i] = 10010;
	}

	
	
	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
		cin >> u[i] >> k[i];
		for(int j = 0; j < k[i]; ++j){
			cin >> v[i][j];
			answer[u[i] - 1][v[i][j] - 1] = 1;
		} 
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
		for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j){
			//cout << answer[i][j] << " ";
		} 
		//cout << endl;
	}
	bfs(1);
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace	std;
int n,g[100][100],f[100],c[100];
void bfs(int now,int far){
  f[now]=far;
  c[now]=1;
  far++;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) if(g[now][i]&&f[i]!=1) bfs(i,far);

}
int main(){

  int a,b,tmp;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>a>>b;
    for(int j=0;j<b;j++){
      cin>>tmp;
      g[a-1][tmp-1]=1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0,0);

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) cout<<i+1<<" "<<f[i]<<endl;

  return 0;

}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main(){
  
  int n,a,b,c,ans[101];
  vector<int> vec[101];
  queue<int> que;
  
  fill(ans,ans+101,105);
  ans[1] = 0;
  
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){ 
    cin >> a >> b;
    for(int j=0;j<b;j++){
      cin >> c;
      vec[a].push_back(c);
    }
  }

  que.push(1);
  
  while(!que.empty()){
    
    int d = que.front();
    que.pop();
    
    for(int i=0;i<vec[d].size();i++){
      int e = vec[d][i];
      if(ans[e] > ans[d]+1){
	ans[e] = ans[d]+1;
	que.push(e);
      }
    }
    
  }
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout << i << ' ' << ans[i] << endl;
  return (0);
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int p[100+10][100+10];
int D[100+10],e[100+10];
int n,a,b,c;

int main(){
	cin >> n;
	for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
		cin >> a >> b;
		for (int j=1; j<=b; j++){
			cin >> c;
			p[a][c] = 1;
		}
	}
	
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(1);
	D[1] = 0;
	e[1] = 1;
	while(!Q.empty()){
		int m = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
			if (p[m][i]==1 && e[i]==0){
				D[i] = D[m]+1;
				Q.push(i);
				e[i] = 1;
			}
		}
	}
	
	for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
		cout << i << ' ' << D[i] << endl;
	}
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int> > G(n, vector<int>(n,0));
    rep(i,n){
        int u,k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        rep(i,k){
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            G[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    queue<int> q;
    vector<int> d(n,-1);
    d[0] = 0;
    q.push(0);
    while(!q.empty()){
        int p = q.front();
        q.pop();
        rep(i,n){
            if(G[p][i] == 1 && d[i] == -1){
                //cout << G[p][i] << " " << d[i] << endl;
                q.push(i);
                d[i] = d[p]+1;
                //cout << d[i] << endl;
            }
        }
    }
    rep(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: /**
 * Bredth first search.
 * graphs could be circular.
 */

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 101;
int adj[N][N] = {0};
int d[N] = {0};

void bfs(int n, int dd) {
	if (d[n] != -1) return;
	d[n] = dd++;
	int k = adj[n][0];
	for (int j=1;j<=k;j++) {
		bfs(adj[n][j], dd);
	}
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		int j, k;
		cin >> j >> k;
		d[j]=-1;
		adj[j][0]=k;
		for (int m=1;m<=k;m++) {
			int a;
			cin >> a;
			adj[j][m]=a;
		}
	}

	bfs(1, 0);

	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		cout << i << ' ' << d[i] << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}