Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define N_MAX 100

int Adj[N_MAX][N_MAX] = {};
int Min_d[N_MAX];

void bfs(int v, int d, int num_node);

int main()
{
    int n, i, u, k, v, j;

    cin >> n;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) Min_d[i] = -1;

    //??£??\???????????????
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        while (k-- > 0) {
            cin >> v;
            Adj[u-1][v-1] = 1;
        }
    }
/*
    cout << "show Adjacency matrix" << endl;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n ; j++) {
            if (j == n - 1)
                cout << Adj[i][j] << endl;
            else
                cout << Adj[i][j] << ' ';
        }
    }
*/
    //??¢?´¢??????
    Min_d[0] = 0;
    bfs(1, 1, n);

    //????????????
    for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        cout << i << ' ' << Min_d[i-1] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

void bfs(int v, int d, int num_node) {
    int i;
//    cout << "bfs node : " << v << endl;

    for(i = 1; i <= num_node; i++) {
        if (Adj[v-1][i-1] == 1) {
            if (Min_d[i-1] == -1 || Min_d[i-1] > d) {
                Min_d[i-1] = d;
                bfs(i, d+1, num_node);
            }
        }
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
vector<int> G[110], d(110);

int main() {
    int n; cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int u, k; cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int v; cin >> v;
            G[u-1].push_back(v-1);
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = -1;

    queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    d[0] = 0;
    while (!que.empty()) {
        int u = que.front(); que.pop();
        for (int v: G[u]) {
            if (d[v] == -1) {
                que.push(v);
                d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            }
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
#define reps(i,s,n) for(int (i)=(s);(i)<(n);++(i))
#define rep(i,n) reps(i,0,n)
#define reptr(i,n) for(int (i)=(n);(i)>=0;--(i))
#define All(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
const ll MOD=1e9+7;
using namespace std;

vector<int> ans;
int state[105][105]={};
int n;
void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  while(!q.empty()){
    int u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      //隣接していない
      if(state[u][v]==false) continue;
      //既に探索されている
      if(ans[v]!=INT_MAX) continue;
      //未探索の場合
      ans[v] = ans[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }

  rep(i,n){
    if(ans[i]==INT_MAX) ans[i] = -1;
    cout << i+1 << " " << ans[i] << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  cin >> n;
  ans.resize(n,INT_MAX);
  ans[0]=0;
  rep(i,n){
    int u,k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    rep(j,k){
      int v;
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      state[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int n;

int V[100][100];
int D[100];
int d = 0;

std::queue<int> Q;

void bfs(int r) {
    Q.push(r);
    D[r] = 0;
    while (Q.size()) {
        r = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if ((D[i] == 0) && (V[r][i] == 1)) {
                Q.push(i);
                D[i] = D[r] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
}


int main() {
    std::cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int id, e_num;
        std::cin >> id >> e_num;
        for (int j = 0; j < e_num; j++) {
            int t;
            std::cin >> t;
            V[id - 1][t - 1] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        std::cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << std::endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;

int main() {

    int n; cin >> n;
    int u, k;

    Graph G(n+1);
    for ( int i = 1; i <= n; ++i ) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        for ( int j = 1; j <= k; ++j ) {
            int a;
            cin >> a;
            G[i].push_back(a);
            //G[b].push_back(a);
        }
    }

    /*for ( int i = 1; i <= n; ++i ) {
        for ( int ax : G[i] ) {
            cout << ax ;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }*/

    vector<int> dist(n+1,-1);
    queue<int> que;

    dist[1] = 0;
    que.push(1);

    while ( !que.empty() ) {
        int v = que.front();
        que.pop();

        for ( int nv : G[v] ) {
            if ( dist[nv] != -1 ) continue;
            dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
            que.push(nv);
        }
    }

    for ( int i = 1; i <= n; ++i ) {
        cout << i << " " << dist[i] << endl; 
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using pll = pair<ll, ll>;
using Graph = vector<vector<ll>>;
constexpr ll MOD = 1e9+7;
constexpr ll INF = 1ll<<60;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	ll n; cin >> n;
	Graph G(n);
	for (ll i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		ll a, k; cin >> a >> k;
		--a;
		for (ll j = 0; j < k; ++j)
		{
			ll b;
			cin >> b;
			G[a].push_back(--b);
		}
	}

	vector<ll> d(n, -1);
	d[0] = 0;
	queue<ll> que;
	que.push(0);

	while (!que.empty())
	{
		ll now = que.front(); que.pop();

		for (auto &nv : G[now])
		{
			if (d[nv] != -1) continue;
			d[nv] = d[now] + 1;
			que.push(nv);
		}
	}

	for (ll i = 0; i < n; ++i)
		std::cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << std::endl;
}