Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
)

type Edge struct {
	I int
	J int
	A int
}

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)

	g := make([][]int, n)
	edges := make([]Edge, 0, n*(n-1)/2)
	parents := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			fmt.Scan(&g[i][j])
			if g[i][j] >= 0 {
				edges = append(edges, Edge{i, j, g[i][j]})
			}
		}
		parents[i] = i
	}
	sort.SliceStable(edges, func(i, j int) bool { return edges[i].A >= edges[j].A })

	sum := 0
	num := 0
	for len(edges) > 0 && num < n-1 {
		edge := edges[len(edges)-1]
		edges = edges[:len(edges)-1]

		if same(edge.I, edge.J, &parents) {
			continue
		}
		union(edge.I, edge.J, &parents)
		sum += edge.A
		num += 1
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}



func root(id int, parents *[]int) int {
	if id == (*parents)[id] {
		return id
	}
	return root((*parents)[id], parents)
}

func union(i, j int, parents *[]int) {
	(*parents)[root(j, parents)] = (*parents)[root(i, parents)]
}

func same(i, j int, parents *[]int) bool {
	return root(i, parents) == root(j, parents)
}

C++: //
// Created by tattsun on 2017/02/16.
//

#include <iostream>

#define MAX_N 101
#define INFTY 20000
#define NIL -1

enum Color {
    White,
    Glay,
    Black,
};

using namespace std;

int n;
int w[MAX_N][MAX_N];
int d[MAX_N], p[MAX_N];
Color color[MAX_N];

int min(int x, int y) {
    if(x < y) return x;
    return y;
}

int solve() {
    d[0] = 0;

    while(true) {
        int u = NIL, c = INFTY;

        for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
            if(d[i] < c && color[i] != Black) {
                u = i;
                c = d[i];
            }
        }

        if(u == NIL)
            break;

        color[u] = Black;

        for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
            if(color[i] != Black && w[u][i] != INFTY) {
                if(d[i] > w[u][i]) {
                    d[i] = w[u][i];
                    p[i] = u;
                    color[i] = Glay;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    int tc = 0;
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        if(p[i] != NIL)
            tc += w[i][p[i]];
    }
    return tc;
}

int main() {
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_N; i++) {
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = NIL;
        color[i] = White;
        for (int j = 0; j < MAX_N; j++)
            w[i][j] = INFTY;
    }

    int p;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            cin >> p;
            w[i][j] = (p == -1) ? INFTY : p;
        }
    }

    cout << solve() << endl;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define rrep(ri,n) for(int ri = (int)(n-1); ri >= 0; ri--)
#define rep2(i,x,n) for(int i = (int)(x); i < (int)(n); i++)
#define repit(itr,x) for(auto itr = x.begin(); itr != x.end(); itr++)
#define rrepit(ritr,x) for(auto ritr = x.rbegin(); ritr != x.rend(); ritr++)
#define ALL(n) begin(n), end(n)
using ll = long long;
using namespace std;

int main(){
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vector<vector<int>> gr(n, vector<int>(n));
  rep(i, n){
    rep(j, n){
      int in;
      cin >> in;
      gr.at(i).at(j) = in;
    }
  }
  vector<bool> chk(n, false);
  int ans = 0;
  priority_queue<pair<int, int>> pq;
  pq.push(make_pair(0, 0));
  int co = 0;
  while(!pq.empty()){
    auto p = pq.top(); pq.pop();
    if(chk.at(p.second) == true) continue;
    chk.at(p.second) = true;
    ans += p.first;
    // cerr << ans << endl;
    co++;
    if(co == n) break;

    rep(i, n){
      if(gr.at(p.second).at(i) == -1) continue;
      if(chk.at(i) == true) continue;
      pq.push(make_pair(-1*gr.at(p.second).at(i), i));
    }
  }
  cout << -1*ans << endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#define MAX_NODE 10000
#define INF 1000000000

using namespace std;

struct Edge {
	int to, w;
};
typedef pair<int, int> P;

vector<Edge> adj[MAX_NODE];
int minW[MAX_NODE];
bool flag[MAX_NODE];

int prim(int n, int start) {
	priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P>> que;
	fill(minW, minW + n, INF);
	fill(flag, flag + n, false);

	int sum = 0;
	minW[start] = 0;
	que.push({0, start});
	while (!que.empty()) {
		P p = que.top();
		que.pop();
		int from = p.second;

		if (flag[from])
			continue;

		flag[from] = true;
		sum += p.first;

		for (Edge& e : adj[from])
			if (e.w < minW[e.to]) {
				minW[e.to] = e.w;
				que.push({minW[e.to], e.to});
			}
	}

	return sum;
}

int main() {
	int n;

	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			int x;
			cin >> x;
			if (x != -1) {
				adj[i].push_back({j, x});
			}
		}
	}

	printf("%d\n", prim(n, 0));

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define r(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
int main(){
	int n,p;
	while(cin>>n>>p,n){
		int q,a[10001][1262],ch[10001][1262],b,c,d,e;
		r(i,0,p)r(j,0,1261)ch[i][j]=a[i][j]=0;
		cin>>q;
		r(i,0,q){
			cin>>b>>c>>d>>e;
			if(e==1){a[d-1][b]++;ch[d-1][b]=c;}
			else{
				for(int j=b-1;j>=0;j--){
					if(ch[d-1][j]==c)break;
					a[d-1][j]++;
				}
			}
		}
		cin>>q;
		while(q--){
			int s=0;
			cin>>b>>c>>d;
			r(i,b,c)if(a[d-1][i])s++;
			cout<<s<<endl;
		}
	}return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;
struct edge {
    edge() {};
    edge(int s, int e, int d) : start {s}, end {e}, d {d} {};
    int start;
    int end;
    int d;
};

void dfs(vector<vector<int>>& graph, bool* used, int id, int n){
    used[id] = true;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        if(graph[id][i] == -1 || used[i]){
            continue;
        }
        dfs(graph, used, i, n);
    }
}

bool is_connected(vector<vector<int>>& graph){
    int n = graph.size();
    bool used[n];
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        used[i] = false;
    }
    dfs(graph, used, 0, n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        if(!used[i]){
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

void delete_edges(vector<vector<int>>& graph){
    int edges_num = 0;
    vector<edge> vec {};
    int n = graph.size();
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        for(int j = i+1; j < n; ++j){
            if(graph[i][j] != -1){
                ++edges_num;
                vec.push_back(edge(i, j, graph[i][j]));
            }
        }
    }
    sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), [](edge x, edge y){
            return y.d < x.d;
         });

    for(auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it){
        edge e = *it;
        graph[e.start][e.end] = -1;
        graph[e.end][e.start] = -1;
        if(is_connected(graph)){
            --edges_num;
            if(edges_num == n-1){
                return;
            }
        } else {
            graph[e.start][e.end] = e.d;
            graph[e.end][e.start] = e.d;
        }
    }
}

vector<vector<int>> gen_spanning_tree(vector<vector<int>>& graph){
    vector<vector<int>> tree {graph};
    delete_edges(tree);
    return tree;
}

int calc_weight(vector<vector<int>> graph){
    int sum = 0;
    int n = graph.size();
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        for(int j = i+1; j < n; ++j){
            if(graph[i][j] == -1){
                continue;
            }
            sum += graph[i][j];
        }
    }
    return sum;
}

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> graph {n, vector<int>(n, 0)};
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j){
            cin >> graph[i][j];
        }
    }
    auto tree = gen_spanning_tree(graph);

    cout << calc_weight(tree) << endl;
}