Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <cassert>
#include <queue>

const int MAXINT = 1000000000;

void bfs(std::vector<std::vector<int> >& adj_list, std::vector<int>& d, int root = 0 ){
  std::queue<int> target_q;
  // std::queue<int> dist_q;
  target_q.push(root);
  d[root] = 0;
  // dist_q.push(0;)
  while(!target_q.empty()){
    int vtx = target_q.front(); target_q.pop();
    for(int const&  u : adj_list[vtx]){
      target_q.push(u);
      if(d[vtx] + 1 < d[u]){
        // std::cout<< "/* message */" << std::endl;
        d[u] = d[vtx] + 1;
      }
    }
  }
}


int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  int n; // .. 100
  std::cin >> n;
  std::vector<std::vector<int> > adj_list(n);
  std::vector<int> d(n, MAXINT);

  for(int q=0; q<n; ++q){
    int i_plus_1, k;
    std::cin >> i_plus_1;
    std::cin >> k;
    for(int p=0; p<k; ++p){
      int j_plus_1;
      std::cin >> j_plus_1;
      // adj[i_plus_1-1][j_plus_1-1] = true;
      adj_list[i_plus_1 - 1].push_back(j_plus_1-1);
    }
  }
  bfs(adj_list, d, 0);

  for(int i=0; i<n; ++i){

    // if(d[i] < MAXINT){
      std::cout << (i+1)
        << " " << (d[i]==MAXINT ? -1 :: d[i])
        << std::endl;
  }


  // for(auto it = adj_list.begin(); it != adj_list.end(); ++it){
  //   std::cout << ": ";
  //   for(auto jt = (*it).begin(); jt != (*it).end(); ++jt){
  //     std::cout << (*jt) << ' ';
  //   }
  //   std::cout << std::endl;
  // }

  return 0;
}

C++: /* 
 * ALDS1_11B.cpp
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

int N;
int ad_k[101];
int ad_list[101][101];
int result[101];

struct Data {
    int d, v;
};

queue<Data> q;

int main(void) {

    scanf("%d", &N);
    for (int i = 1, id; i <= N; ++i) {
        scanf("%d", &id);
        scanf("%d", ad_k + id);
        for (int j = 0; j < ad_k[id]; ++j) {
            scanf("%d", ad_list[id] + j);
        }
    }

    q.push({0, 1});
    while (!q.empty()) {
        Data data = q.front();
        q.pop();

        for (int i = 0; i < ad_k[data.v]; ++i) {
            if (result[ad_list[data.v][i]] != 0 || ad_list[data.v][i] == 1)
                continue;
            result[ad_list[data.v][i]] = data.d + 1;
            q.push({data.d + 1, ad_list[data.v][i]});
        }
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
        printf("%d ", i);
        if (result[i] == 0 && i != 1)
            printf("-1\n");
        else
            printf("%d\n", result[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <queue>


std::queue<int> q;
typedef struct{
	bool isVisited;
	int degree;
	int distance;
	int *neighbors;
} node;

void bfs(node* nodes){
	int id;
	while (!q.empty()){
		id = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i=0; i<nodes[id].degree; i++){
			if (!nodes[nodes[id].neighbors[i]].isVisited){
				nodes[nodes[id].neighbors[i]].distance = nodes[id].distance+1;
				q.push(nodes[id].neighbors[i]);
				nodes[nodes[id].neighbors[i]].isVisited=true;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	int n, d, r, id;
	node *nodes;

	scanf("%d", &n);
	nodes = new node[n+1];
	for (int i=0; i<n;i++){
		nodes[i].isVisited=false;
		scanf("%d %d", &r, &d);
		nodes[i].degree=d;
		nodes[i].neighbors = new int[d];
		nodes[i].distance=0;
		
		for (int j=0;j<d;j++){
			scanf("%d", &id);
			nodes[i].neighbors[j] = id-1;
		}
	}
	q.push(0);
	nodes[0].isVisited=true;
	bfs(nodes);
	for (int i=0; i<n;i++){
		printf("%d %d\n", i+1, nodes[i].distance);
		delete []nodes[i].neighbors;
	}
	delete []nodes;
	return 0;
}