Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: /** ???????????????, ??¢??°?????¨??? **/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <functional>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <deque>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

#define rep(i,n) REP(i,0,n)
#define REP(i,s,e) for(int i=(s); i<(int)(e); i++)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(r) (r).begin(),(r).end()
#define rall(r) (r).rbegin(),(r).rend()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ARRAY_LENGTH(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))


typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;

const int INF = 1e9;
const ll LINF = 1e18;
const ll MOD = 1e9 + 7;
double EPS = 1e-8;
const double PI = acos(-1);

int dx[]={-1,1,0,0};
int dy[]={0,0,-1,1};

// ?????\?????????
// ?????°:?????????????´???°, ??????
// ???????????°????????§?????????????????´?£????????????´??????
// Down: ??????, Up: ??????
void insertionSortDown(int *a, int N){
    for(int i=1; i<N; i++){
        //???????????????,???????????????????´?????????????????????¨??????
        int v = a[i];
        int j = i - 1;

        //????????????????????¨?????¨??????????????????. ?????´??????????????????.
        while(j >= 0 && a[j] > v){
            a[j+1] = a[j];
            j--;
        }
        a[j+1] = v;

        /**
        cout << to_string(i) << "??????" << endl;
        for(int k=0; k<N; k++){
            cout << a[k] << endl;
        }
         **/
    }
}

void insertionSortUp(int *a, int N){
}

// ??????????????????
// ???????????´?£????????????´??????. ?????????????????°return?????????int???????????´??????
void bubbleSortUp(int *a, int N){
    int sw = 0;
    int flag = 1;

    while(flag == 1){
        flag = 0;

        for(int j=N-1; j>=sw; j--){
            if(a[j-1] > a[j]){
                swap(a[j-1], a[j]);
                flag = 1;
            }
        }
        sw++;
        //???????????´???????????????????????¨????????¨???????????£??????????????§.
    }
}

void selectionSortUp(int *a, int N){
    for(int i=0; i<N-1; i++){
        int minj = i;

        for(int j=i; j<N; j++){
            if(a[minj] > a[j]){
                minj = j;
            }
        }
        swap(a[minj], a[i]);
        //???????????´??§??????????????°??????????????????????????????,???????°????????????????????´???¨??????????????????
    }
}

// ?????¢??¢?´¢ O(nq)
// ??????, ?????????????´???°, ?????????????????????
bool linearSearch(int *a, int n,int key){
    int i = 0;
    a[n] = key; //??????????????????????????????

    while(a[i] != key) i++;

    //????´?????????????????????§??????????????°true?????????
    return i != n;
}

#define V_MAX 100

int m[V_MAX][V_MAX];
int cnt[V_MAX];
int count=0;
int n;

void bfs(int u){

    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(u);
    cnt[u] = 0;
    int v = Q.front();

    while(!Q.empty()){

        for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
            if(m[v][i] == 1 && cnt[i] == -1){
                Q.push(i);
                cnt[i] = cnt[v]+1;
            }
        }

        Q.pop();
        v = Q.front();
    }
}


int main(){

    cin >> n;

    int from, deg;

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        cin >> from >> deg;
        from--;
        for(int j=0; j<deg; j++){
            int tmp;
            cin >> tmp;
            tmp--;
            m[from][tmp] = 1;
        }
    }

    for(int k=0; k<n; k++) cnt[k] = -1; //?????????

    bfs(0);

    for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
        cout << j+1 << " " << cnt[j] << endl;
    }


}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace  std;

const int nIMPOS = -1;
struct StDist
{
  int m_nDist;
  int m_nFromMeTo;

  StDist(int nDist) : m_nDist(nDist), m_nFromMeTo(0)
  { }
};

void fnInput(vector<vector<int>>& rvvnAdjcy, vector<StDist>& rvoDist)
{
  int nxSiz;
  cin >> nxSiz;

  rvvnAdjcy.resize(nxSiz + 1, vector<int>(nxSiz + 1, 0));
  for (int i = 0; i < nxSiz; ++i)
  {
    int nx, nySiz;
    cin >> nx >> nySiz;
    for (int j = 0; j < nySiz; ++j)
    {
      int ny;
      cin >> ny;
      rvvnAdjcy[nx][ny] = 1;
    }
  }
  StDist oDist(nIMPOS);
  rvoDist.resize(nxSiz + 1, oDist);
}

void fnBreadthFirstSearch(const vector<vector<int>>& cnrvvnAdjcy, 
                          queue<int>& rqnBFSrch, vector<StDist>& rvoDist)
{
  while (rqnBFSrch.size())
  {
    int nx = rqnBFSrch.front(); rqnBFSrch.pop();
    if (rvoDist[nx].m_nDist == nIMPOS)  continue;

    for (int ny = 1; ny < cnrvvnAdjcy[nx].size(); ++ny)
    {
      if (cnrvvnAdjcy[nx][ny] == 1  &&
          rvoDist[nx].m_nFromMeTo == 0)
      {
        int nDist = rvoDist[nx].m_nDist + 1;
        if (rvoDist[ny].m_nDist == nIMPOS)
          rvoDist[ny].m_nDist = nDist;
        else
          rvoDist[ny].m_nDist = min(rvoDist[ny].m_nDist, nDist);

        rqnBFSrch.push(ny);
      }
    }
    rvoDist[nx].m_nFromMeTo = 1;
  }
}

void fnResult(const vector<StDist>& cnrvoDist)
{
  for (int i = 1; i < cnrvoDist.size(); ++i)
    cout << i <<  " " << cnrvoDist[i].m_nDist << endl;
}

int main()
{
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  vector<vector<int>> vvnAdjcy;
  queue<int>  qnBFSrch;
  vector<StDist> voDist;

  fnInput(vvnAdjcy, voDist);

  voDist[1].m_nDist = 0;
  qnBFSrch.push(1);
  fnBreadthFirstSearch(vvnAdjcy, qnBFSrch, voDist);
  fnResult(voDist);

  return 0;
}