Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

#define MAX_NODE 100
#define INF 1000000000

using namespace std;

int d[MAX_NODE];
vector<int> adj[MAX_NODE];

void bfs(int n, int start) {
	queue<int> que;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		d[i] = (i == start ? 0 : INF);

	que.push(start);
	while(!que.empty()) {
		int from = que.front();
		que.pop();

		for (int i = 0; i < adj[from].size(); i++) {
			int to = adj[from][i];
			if (d[to] == INF) {
				d[to] = d[from] + 1;
				que.push(to);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	int n;

	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		while (k--) {
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			adj[u].push_back(v);
		}
	}

	bfs(n, 0);

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		if (d[i] != INF)
			cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
		else
			cout << i + 1 << "-1" << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

vector<int> G[101];
bool visit[101];
int n, u, k, m;
int dist[101];

void bfs()
{
	int root = 1;
	queue<int> que;
	que.push(root);
	dist[root] = 0;
 visit[root] = true;
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		int node = que.front();
		que.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < G[node].size(); i++)
		{
			int next = G[node][i];
			if (!visit[next])
			{
				visit[next] = true;
				que.push(next);
				dist[next] = dist[node] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(dist) / sizeof(dist[0]); i++)
		dist[i] = -1;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)
		{
			scanf("%d", &m);
			G[u].push_back(m);
		}
	}
	bfs();
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		printf("%d %d\n", i, dist[i]);

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

void bfs(int src, int n, vector<vector<int> > G);

int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<int> > G(n, vector<int>(n, 0));
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int v_j;
			cin >> v_j;
			G[u - 1][v_j - 1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0, n, G);
}

void bfs(int src, int n, vector<vector<int> > G) {
	vector<int> D(n, -1);
	D[src] = 0;
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int dst = 0; dst < n; dst++)
			if (G[cur][dst] == 1 && D[dst] == -1){
				D[dst] = D[cur] + 1;
				Q.push(dst);
			}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
#define MAX_N 100

int n,time,head,tail;
int *queue;
int *dist;
int *color;
int **matrix;

void enqueue(int);
int dequeue(void);
void bfs(void);

int main(){
  int i,j,u,k,v;

  scanf("%d",&n);

  queue = malloc(MAX_N * sizeof(int));
  color = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
  dist = malloc(n * sizeof(int));

  matrix = malloc(n * sizeof(int *));
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    matrix[i] = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   dist[i] = -1;
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++){
     matrix[i][j] = 0;
   }
 }

 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    scanf("%d",&u); u--;
    scanf("%d",&k);
    for(j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      scanf("%d",&v); v--;
      matrix[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs();
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    printf("%d %d\n",i+1,dist[i]);
  }

  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    free(matrix[i]);
  }
  free(matrix);
  free(queue);
  free(dist);
  free(color);
  return 0;
}

void bfs(){
  int u,i;

  head = tail = 0;
  color[0] = GRAY;
  dist[0] = 0;
  enqueue(0);

  while(head != tail){
    u = dequeue();
    for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
      if(matrix[u][i] == 1 && color[i] == WHITE){
        color[i] = GRAY;
        dist[i] = dist[u] + 1;
        enqueue(i);
      }
    }
    color[u] = BLACK;
  }
}

void enqueue(int q){
  queue[tail] = q;
  if(++tail == MAX_N+1) tail = 0;
}

int dequeue(){
  int v = queue[head];
  if(++head == MAX_N+1) head = 0;
  return v;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  p.push(s);
  for(int i+0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
  }
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  whie(!q.empty){
    q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push;
    }
  }
  for(int =0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
      M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<N;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
	if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
	d[v] = d[u] + 1;
	q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j = 0;j < k; j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}