Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

#define NODE_NUM 100

queue<int> que;

class Node
{
private:
	int next_num;
	int next_node_list[NODE_NUM];
public:
	Node();
	void AddNextNode(int id);
	bool Search(int id);
	int dist;
};

Node::Node()
{
	next_num = 0;
}

void Node::AddNextNode(int id)
{
	next_node_list[next_num] = id;
	next_num++;
}

Node Node_list[NODE_NUM + 1];

bool Node::Search(int id)
{
	for (int k = 0; k < next_num; k++) {
		if (Node_list[next_node_list[k]].dist == -1) {
			Node_list[next_node_list[k]].dist = dist + 1;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < next_num; i++) {
		if (next_node_list[i] == id) return true;
	}
	
	for (int j = 0; j < next_num; j++) {
		que.push(next_node_list[j]);
	}
	
	return false;
}

int main(void)
{
	//input
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u;
		cin >> k;
		Node_list[u] = Node();
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			Node_list[u].AddNextNode(v);
		}
	}
	
	//dist
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		Node_list[i].dist = -1;
	}

	Node_list[1].dist = 0;
	for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
		bool ret = Node_list[1].Search(i);
		if (ret) continue;
		if (que.empty()) continue;
		do {
			ret = Node_list[que.front()].Search(i);
			que.pop();
		} while (!ret);
		while (!que.empty()) {
			que.pop();
		}
	}

	//output
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		cout << i << " " << Node_list[i].dist << "\n";
	}
	
	return 0;
}

C++: // ALDS1_11_C: Breadth First Search
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#define INF 1000
bool debug = false;

std::vector<std::vector<int>> adjacency_list;
std::vector<int> node_distance;

void SetnodeRelationship() {
    int total; std::cin >> total;
    int max = total+1;
    /* initialize adjacency_list */
    adjacency_list.resize(max);
    for (int i=1; i<adjacency_list.size(); i++) {
        adjacency_list.at(i).resize(max);
        for (int j=1; j<adjacency_list.at(i).size(); j++) {
            adjacency_list.at(i).at(j) = 0;
        }
    }

    /* initialize node_distance */
    node_distance.resize(max);
    for (int i=1; i<node_distance.size(); i++) {
        node_distance.at(i) = INF;
    }

    /* set node relationship */
    for (int i=1; i<adjacency_list.size(); i++) {
        int node, outdegree; std::cin >> node >> outdegree;
        for (int j=0; j<outdegree; j++) {
            int tmp; std::cin >> tmp;
            adjacency_list.at(node).at(tmp) = 1;
        } 
    }
}

void BreadthFirstSearch(int node, int distance) {
    node_distance.at(node) = distance;

    /* Recerve */
    for (int i=1; i<adjacency_list.at(node).size(); i++) {
        /* have next vertex? */
        if (adjacency_list.at(node).at(i) == 1) {
            /* is the path to the next vertex SHORTEST distance? */
            if (node_distance.at(i) > distance+1) {
                if (debug) std::cout << "BreadthFirstSearch(" << i << ", " << distance+1 << ")\n";
                BreadthFirstSearch(i, distance+1);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    SetnodeRelationship();
    BreadthFirstSearch(1, 0);

    for (int i=1; i<node_distance.size(); i++) {
        if (node_distance.at(i) == INF) {
            node_distance.at(i) = -1;
        }
        std::cout << i << " " << node_distance.at(i) << "\n";
    }
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define NUM 100
#define NIL -1
using namespace std;

int V[NUM + 1][NUM + 1];
int dist[NUM + 1];
int node_num;
int t;
int pos;
queue<int> Q;

void init(){
    int V[NUM + 1][NUM + 1];
    for(int i = 1; i <= NUM; i++){
        for(int j = 1; j <= NUM; j++){
            V[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for(int i = 0; i <= NUM; i++) {
        dist[i] = NIL;
    }
    
    t = 0;
}

void get_adj(){
    scanf("%d", &node_num);

    for(int i = 0; i < node_num; i++){
        int num1;
        scanf("%d", &num1);

        int n;
        scanf("%d", &n);

        int num2;
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
            scanf("%d", &num2);
            V[num1][num2] = 1;
        }
    }
}

void touchNextNode(int n){
    t += 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= node_num; i++){
        if(V[n][i] == 1 && dist[i] == NIL){
            Q.push(i);
            dist[i] = dist[n] + 1;
        }
    }
    Q.pop();
}

void BFS(){
    Q.push(1);
    dist[1] = t;
    touchNextNode(1);
    
    while(Q.size()){
        int pos = Q.front();
        touchNextNode(pos);
    }
}

int main(void){
    init();
    get_adj();
    BFS();
    
    for(int i = 1; i <= node_num; i++){
        printf("%d %d\n", i, dist[i]);
    }

}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
 
 
int G[101][101], q1[101], q2[101], n;
 
void f(int a, int b){
  int i;
  q1[a] = b;
  for(i = 1; i <= q2[a]; i++){
    if(b + 1 < q1[G[a][i]]) f(G[a][i], b + 1);
  }
}
 
int main(){
  int i, j, m;
 
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    q1[i] = 100000000;
    scanf("%d", &m);
    scanf("%d", &q2[m]);
 
    for(j = 1; j <= q2[m]; j++) scanf("%d", &G[m][j]);
  }
 
  f(1, 0);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    if(q1[i] == 100000000) q1[i] = -1;
  }
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) printf("%d %d\n", i, q1[i]);
 
  return 0;
}