Go: package main

import "fmt"

type container struct {
	data []int
}

func (c *container) queue(v int) {
	c.data = append(c.data, v)
}
func (c *container) dequeue(p *int) bool {
	if p == nil || len(c.data) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	*p = c.data[0]
	c.data = c.data[1:len(c.data)]
	return true
}

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	g := make([][]int, n+1) // 1-indexed
	d := make([]int, n+1)   // 1-indexed
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		d[i] = -1
		var u, k, v int
		fmt.Scan(&u, &k)
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			fmt.Scan(&v)
			g[u] = append(g[u], v)
		}
	}

	var q container
	d[1] = 0
	q.queue(1)

for len(q.data) > 0  { // 幅優先探索
		var v int
		q.dequeue(&v)
		for i := 0; i < len(g[v]); i++ {
			nv := g[v][i]
		if d[nv] == -1 { // 未訪問
				q.queue(nv)
				d[nv] = d[v] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i])
	}
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 101;
int n,m[MAX][MAX],d[MAX];
queue<int> s;

void bfs(int num)
{
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) d[i]=INT_MAX;
	s.push(num);
	d[num]=0;
	while(!s.empty())
	{
		int u=s.front();
		s.pop();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		{
			if(m[u][i]==0) continue;
			if(d[i]!=INT_MAX) continue;
			s.push(i);
			d[i]=d[u]+1;
		}
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<i<<" "<<( d[i]==INT_MAX ? (-1): d[i] )<<endl;
}
int main()
{
	int u,k,t;
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		cin>>u>>k;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
		{
			cin>>t;
			m[u][t]=1;
		}
	}
	bfs(1);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<bitset>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<cmath>
#include<iomanip>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int mod = 1000000007;
const int INF = 1 << 28;
//cout << fixed << std::setprecision(9)
//memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
//--------------------------

int n;
bool g[110][110];
int d[110];

void bfs(int s)
{
	d[s] = 0;
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);

	while (!q.empty()) {
		int u = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
			if (g[u][i] && d[i] == -1) {
				q.push(i);
				d[i] = d[u] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k, v;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			g[u][v] = true;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) d[i] = -1;

	bfs(1);

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
int tu[100][100];
int a[100];
int d[100];
int n;
void bfs(int x){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(x);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i]=10000000;
    d[x]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(tu[u][i]==0)continue;
            if(d[i]!=10000000)continue;
            d[i]=d[u]+1;
            q.push(i);
        }
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            printf("%d ",i+1);
            if(d[i]==10000000)printf("-1");
            else printf("%d",d[i]);
            printf("\n");
        }
}
int main(){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int v,m,k;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        scanf("%d%d",&v,&m);
        v--;
        for(int j=0;j<m;j++){
            scanf("%d",&k);
            k--;
            tu[v][k]=1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>


using namespace std;

bool adjmatrix[101 * 101];
int costs[101];



void BFS(int vertex, int cur_cost, int N) {
  if (costs[vertex] < cur_cost) return;
  costs[vertex] = cur_cost;
  for (int i =1; i<= N; i++) {
    if(adjmatrix[vertex*101 + i]) {
      BFS(i, cur_cost + 1, N);
    }
  }
}
  

int main() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
    costs[i] = 101;
  }
  int N;
  cin >> N;

  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    int vertex, degree;
    cin >> vertex >> degree;

    for (int j = 0; j < degree; j++) {
      int outvertex;
      cin >> outvertex;
      adjmatrix[vertex * 101 + outvertex] = true;
    }
  }


  /*
  //function to print adjmatrix
  for (int i = 0; i <= N; i++) {
    for (int j= 0; j <= N; j++) {
      if (adjmatrix[i * 101 + j]) {
	cout << "1 ";
      } else {
	cout << "0 ";
      }
    }
    cout << endl;
    }*/

  BFS(1, 0, N);

  for (int i =1; i<=N; i++) {
    cout << i << " " << costs[i] << endl;
  }

 

}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<limits.h>
#include<queue>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

vector< vector<int> > L(105);
vector<int> d(105,-1);
vector<bool> checked(105,0);

void BFS(int s){
	queue<int> Q;
	int i;
	int v;
	
	Q.push(s);
	d[s]=0;
	while(!Q.empty()){
		v=Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		
		for (i=0;i<L[v].size();i++){
			if (d[L[v][i]]==-1){
				Q.push(L[v][i]);
				d[L[v][i]]=d[v]+1;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0);
	
	int n,i,j;
	cin >> n;
	
	int id, deg, v;
	for (i=0;i<n;i++){
		cin >> id >> deg;
		for (j=0;j<deg;j++){
			cin >> v;
			L[id-1].push_back(v-1);
		}
	}
	
	BFS(0);
	
	for (i=0;i<n;i++){
		cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
	
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define N 100
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
using namespace std;

int n , M[N][N];
int d[N] ;
int color[N];

void bfs(int s){
  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    color[i] = WHITE;
    d[i] = 1000000000;
  }
  color[s] = GRAY;
  d[s] = 0;
  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(s);

  while(!Q.empty()){
    int u = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    for(int v = 0; v < n ; v++){
      if(M[u][v] && color[v] == WHITE){
        color[v] = GRAY;
        d[v] = d[u] + 1;
        Q.push(v);
      }
    }
    color[u] = BLACK;
  }
  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == 1000000000) ? (-1) :d[i]) << "\n";
  }
}

int main(){
  int u , k , A;
  cin >> n;
  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    for(int j = 0 ; j < n ; j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    cin >> u  >> k;
    u --;
    for(int j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      cin >> A;
      M[u][A-1] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<queue>


int n;
int a[105][105];
std::queue<int>S;
int dis[105];
int color[105];

void bfs(int k){
    int i;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        if(i!=k&& a[k][i]==1 &&color[i]==0){
            S.push(i);
            dis[i]=dis[k]+1;
            color[i]=1;
        }
    }
}


int main(){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)for(j=1;j<=n;j++)a[i][j]=0;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        int p,k,q;
        scanf("%d %d",&p ,&k);
        for(j=1;j<=k;j++){
            scanf("%d",&q);
            a[p][q]=1;
        }
    }
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)dis[i]=-1;
    dis[1]=0;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)color[i]=0;//0???????¨????
    S.push(1);
    color[1]=1;
    while(!S.empty()){
        int front=S.front();
        S.pop();
        bfs(front);
    }
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        printf("%d %d\n",i,dis[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define repr(i, n) for (int i = (int)(n); i >= 0; i--)
#define REP(i, m, n) for (int i = (int)(m); i <= (int)(n); i++)
#define REPR(i, m, n) for (int i = (int)(m); i >= (int)(n); i--)
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
typedef long long ll;

using Graph = vector<vector<int> >;

vector<int> dist;
queue<int> que;

void bfs(const Graph &G){
  while(!que.empty()){
    int v = que.front();
    que.pop();

    for(int nv : G[v]){
      if(dist[nv] != -1) continue;
      dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
      que.push(nv);
    }
  }
}

int main(){
  int n; cin >> n;

  Graph G(n+1);
  rep(i, n){
    int u, k; cin >> u >> k;
    rep(j, k){
      int v; cin >> v;
      G[u].push_back(v);
    }
  } 

  dist.assign(n+1, -1);
  dist[1] = 0;
  que.push(1);
  bfs(G);

  REP(i, 1, n){
    cout << i << " " << dist[i] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}