Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX   = 100
	INFTY = 1 << 21
	NIL   = -1
)

const (
	WHITE = iota
	GRAY
	BLACK
)

type Graph [MAX][MAX]int

func (g *Graph) prim(n int) int {
	var (
		u, minv     = 0, 0
		d, p, color [MAX]int
	)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
		color[i] = WHITE
	}
	d[0] = 0

	for {
		minv = INFTY
		u = -1
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK {
				u = i
				minv = d[i]
			}
		}

		if u == -1 {
			break
		}

		color[u] = BLACK
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if color[v] != BLACK && g[u][v] != INFTY {
				if d[v] > g[u][v] {
					d[v] = g[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = GRAY
				}
			}
		}
	}

	sum := 0
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += g[i][p[i]]
		}
	}

	return sum
}

func answer(reader io.Reader) string {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	sc.Scan()
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())

	var g Graph
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			sc.Scan()
			e, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
			if e == -1 {
				g[i][j] = INFTY
				continue
			}
			g[i][j] = e
		}
	}

	return fmt.Sprint(g.prim(n))
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println(answer(os.Stdin))
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

#define INF 2000

int n;
int cost[110][110], mincost[110];
bool used[110];

int prim(){
  
  for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
    mincost[i] = INF;
    used[i] = false;
  }
  
  mincost[0] = 0;
  int ans = 0;
  
  while(true){
    
    int v = -1;
    
    for(int u = 0;u < n;u++){
      if(!used[u] && (v == -1 || mincost[u] < mincost[v])) v = u;
    }
    
    if(v == -1) break;
    used[v] = true;
    ans += mincost[v];
    
    for(int u = 0;u < n;u++){
      mincost[u] = min(mincost[u], cost[v][u]);
    }
  }
  
  return ans;
}

int main(){
  
  cin >> n;
  for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
    for(int j = 0;j < n;j++){
      cin >> cost[i][j];
      if(cost[i][j] == -1) cost[i][j] = INF;
    }
  }
  
  cout << prim() << endl;
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int n; // number of vertices 
int P[110], A[2020], B[2020], C[2020];
pair<int, int> D[2020]; // Weights and coordinates 

void init(int N) { // Initially all the points are individualized
  for (int i=0; i<=N; ++i) P[i] = i;
}

int root(int a) { // find the root of a
  if (P[a] == a) return a; // a is the root
  return  (P[a] = root(P[a])); // find root of a, make it a's parent
}

bool is_same_set(int a, int b) { // a and b are in the same group?
  return root(a) == root(b);
}

void unite(int a, int b) { // put a and b in same group
  P[root(a)] = root(b);
}


int main() {
  cin >> n; // the number of vertices
  for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
    P[i] = i; // Initialize vertices to disjoint sets
    for (int j=0; j<n; ++j) {
      A[(n * i) + j] = i;
      B[(n * i) + j] = j;
      cin >> C[(n * i) + j];
    }
  }
  for (int i=0; i < n*n; i++) {
    D[i].first = C[i];
    D[i].second = i;
  }
  sort(D, D+n*n);
  int sum = 0;

  for (int i=0; i<n*n; ++i) {
    if (D[i].first >= 0) { // Assuming the weight is not -1
      if (!is_same_set(A[D[i].second], B[D[i].second])) {
	unite(A[D[i].second], B[D[i].second]);
	sum += D[i].first;
      }
    }
  }
  cout << sum << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;
int n,M[MAX][MAX];
int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	d[i]=INFTY;
	p[i]=-1;
	color[i]=WHITE;
	  }
  d[0]=0;
  while(1){
	minv=INFTY;
	u=-1;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	  if(minv>d[i] && color[i]!=BLACK){
		u=i;
		minv=d[i];
	  }
	}
	if(u==-1) break;
	color[u]=BLACK;
	for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	  if(color[v]!=BLACK && M[u][v]!=INFTY){
		if(d[v]>M[u][v]){
		  d[v]=M[u][v];
		  p[v]=u;
		  color[v]=GRAY;
		}
	  }
	}
  }
  int sum=0;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	if(p[i]!=-1) sum+=M[i][p[i]];
  }

  return sum;
}

int main(){
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
	  int e; cin >>e;
	  M[i][j]=(e==-1) ? INFTY:e;
	}
  }
  cout << prim() <<endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: /*
 * a.cc: 
 */

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<list>
#include<queue>
#include<deque>
#include<algorithm>
#include<numeric>
#include<utility>
#include<complex>
#include<functional>

using namespace std;

/* constant */

const int MAX_N = 100;

/* typedef */

struct Edge {
  int i, j, c;
  Edge() {}
  Edge(int _i, int _j, int _c): i(_i), j(_j), c(_c) {}
  bool operator<(const Edge &e) const { return c < e.c; }
};

typedef vector<Edge> ve;

struct UFT {
  int links[MAX_N], ranks[MAX_N], sizes[MAX_N];

  void clear(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) links[i] = i, ranks[i] = sizes[i] = 1;
  }
  UFT() {}
  UFT(int n) { clear(n); }

  int root(int i) {
    int i0 = i;
    while (links[i0] != i0) i0 = links[i0];
    return (links[i] = i0);
  }

  int rank(int i) { return ranks[root(i)]; }
  int size(int i) { return sizes[root(i)]; }
  bool same(int i, int j) { return root(i) == root(j); }

  int merge(int i0, int i1) {
    int r0 = root(i0), r1 = root(i1), mr;
    if (r0 == r1) return r0;
    if (ranks[r0] == ranks[r1]) {
      links[r1] = r0;
      sizes[r0] += sizes[r1];
      ranks[r0]++;
      mr = r0;
    }
    else if (ranks[r0] > ranks[r1]) {
      links[r1] = r0;
      sizes[r0] += sizes[r1];
      mr = r0;
    }
    else {
      links[r0] = r1;
      sizes[r1] += sizes[r0];
      mr = r1;
    }
    return mr;
  }
};

/* global variables */

/* subroutines */

/* main */

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;

  ve es;

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      int ai;
      cin >> ai;
      if (ai >= 0) es.push_back(Edge(i, j, ai));
    }
  sort(es.begin(), es.end());

  UFT uft(n);
  int en = es.size(), sum = 0;

  for (int i = 0; i < en; i++) {
    Edge &ei = es[i];
    if (! uft.same(ei.i, ei.j)) {
      uft.merge(ei.i, ei.j);
      sum += ei.c;
    }
  }

  printf("%d\n", sum);
  return 0;
}

C++: // プリム法 最小全域木 Minimum Spanning Tree
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INF = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX]; //M:隣接行列

int prim() {
    int u, minv;
    int distance[MAX], parent[MAX], color[MAX];

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        distance[i] = INF;
        parent[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }

    distance[0] = 0;

    while (true) {
        minv = INF;
        u = -1;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (minv > distance[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
                u = i;
                minv = distance[i];
            }
        }

        if (u == -1)
            break;

        color[u] = BLACK;
        for(int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INF) {
                if (distance[v] > M[u][v]) {
                    distance[v] = M[u][v];
                    parent[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    int sum = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (parent[i] != -1)
            sum  += M[i][parent[i]];
    }

    return sum;
}

int main() {

    cin >> n;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            int e; cin >> e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INF : e;
        }
    }

    cout << prim() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}