Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(shortestList)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
	int u, minv;
	int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		d[i] = INFTY;
		p[i] = -1;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}
	d[0] = 0;
	while (1)
	{
		minv = INFTY;
		u = i;
		minv = d[i];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			}
		}
		if (u == -1) break;
		color[u] = BLACK;
		for (int v = 0; v < n; v++)
		{
			if (d[v] > M[u][v]) {
				d[v] = M[u][v];
				p[v] = u;
				color[v] = GRAY;
			}
		}
		int sum = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
		}
	}
		return sum;
	}

	int main() {
		cin >> n;

		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
				int e; cin >> e;
				M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
			}
		}
		cout << prim() << endl;
		return 0;
	}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int G[10010][10010];
int cost[10010],src[10010],dst[10010];

int P[10010];
int root(int a);
int is_same_set(int a,int b);
void unite(int a,int b);

int main() {
	int N,a;
	cin >> N;
	for(int i=0; i<N;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<N;j++) {
			cin >> a;
			G[i][j] = a;
		}
	}
	int hcon = 1;
	int M = 0;
	pair<int,int> edges[10010];

	for(int r=0;r<N;r++) {
		for (int c=0;c<hcon;c++) {
			if(G[r][c] > -1) {
				cost[M] = G[r][c];
				src[M] = r;
				dst[M] = c;
				edges[M] = make_pair(cost[M],M);
				M+=1;
			}
		}
		hcon++;
	}
	sort(edges,edges+M);



	for(int i=0;i<N;i++) P[i] = i;

	int answer = 0;
	for(int i=0;i<M;i++) {
		if(!is_same_set(src[edges[i].second],dst[edges[i].second])) {
			unite(src[edges[i].second],dst[edges[i].second]);
			answer += edges[i].first;
			//cout << answer << endl;
		}
	}
	cout << answer << endl;;
}

int root(int a) { 
	if (P[a] == a) return a; 
	return (P[a] = root(P[a])); 
}
int is_same_set(int a, int b) { 
	if(root(a) == root(b)) {
		return 1;
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}
void unite(int a, int b) { 
	P[root(a)] = root(b);
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define N 110
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
typedef struct {
    int w;
    int s;
    int e;
}Edge;
Edge edge[N*N];
int m[N][N];
int father[N];
int n;
int k = 0;  //edge的下标
int result = 0;
int findfather(int x){
    return x == father[x] ? x : findfather(father[x]);
}
int cmp(Edge a, Edge b){
    return a.w < b.w;
}
void Kruscal(){
    for(int u = 0; u < k; u++){
        int s = edge[u].s;
        int e = edge[u].e;
        if(findfather(s) != findfather(e)){
            father[findfather(e)] = s;
            result += edge[u].w;
        }
    }
    printf("%d\n", result);
}
int main(){

    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) father[i] = i;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
            int b;
            scanf("%d", &b);
            m[i][j] = b;
        }
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        for(int j = i; j <= n ;j++){
            if(m[i][j] != -1) {
                edge[k].w = m[i][j];
                edge[k].s = i;
                edge[k].e = j;
                k++;
            }
        }
    }
    sort(edge, edge+k, cmp);
    Kruscal();
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

using pii = pair<int, int>;

struct Graph{
  int v_size;
  vector<vector<pii>> adj;
  
  Graph(const int v_size):v_size(v_size){
    this->adj.resize(v_size);
  }
  
  void add_edge(const int s, const int t, const int w){
    this->adj[s].emplace_back(pii(t, w));
  }
};

int mst(const Graph& g){
  constexpr int INF{INT_MAX};
  
  vector<int> d(g.v_size, INF);
  priority_queue<pii, vector<pii>, greater<pii>> pq;

  d[0] = 0;
  pq.push(pii(0, 0));

  int ans {0};
  
  while(!pq.empty()){
    auto cost {pq.top().first};
    auto v {pq.top().second};
    pq.pop();

    if(d[v] < cost) continue;

    ans += cost;
    d[v] = -INF;

    for(int i = 0; i < g.adj[v].size(); ++i){
      auto to {g.adj[v][i].first};
      auto next_cost {g.adj[v][i].second};

      if(d[to] > next_cost){
        d[to] = next_cost;
        pq.push(pii(next_cost, to));
      }
    }
  }

  return ans;
}

int main()
{
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  
  Graph g(n);

  int x;
  for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
    for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j){
      cin >> x;
      if(x != -1){
        g.add_edge(i, j, x);
      }
    }
  }

  cout << mst(g) << endl;
}