Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<queue>
#include<string>
#include<stack>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<cassert>
#include<ctime>
#include<algorithm>
#include<utility>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<vector>
#include<functional>

using namespace std;

#ifdef DEBUG
#define dprintf      printf
#define dout(x)      cout<<#x" = "<<(x)<<endl
#define darray(x,n)    {int i;rep(i,n)cout<<#x"["<<i<<"] = "<<*((x)+i)<<endl;}
#define dloop(i,s,g) for((i)=(s);(i)<(g);(i)++)
#define drep(i,n)    for((i)=0;(i)<(n);(i)++)
#define dstop()      scanf("%*c")
#else
#define dprintf      (1)?0:printf
#define dout(x)
#define darray(x,n)
#define dloop(i,s,g) if(1){}else
#define drep(i,n)    if(1){}else
#define dstop()      if(1){}else
#endif

#define F    first
#define S    second
#define pb   push_back
#define mp   make_pair

#define loop(i,s,g) for((i)=(s);(i)<(g);(i)++)
#define rep(i,n)    for((i)=0;(i)<(n);(i)++)
#define all(x)      (x.begin(),x.end())
#define in(T,...) T __VA_ARGS__; impl(__VA_ARGS__);
#define array(T,id,n) T id[n]; rep(i,n)cin>>id[i];

//#define int long long;
#ifndef int
#define INF  (0x7fffffff)
#else
#define LINF (0x7fffffffffffffff)
#endif

typedef  long long           ll;
typedef  unsigned            ui;
typedef  unsigned long long  ull;
typedef  pair<int,int>       i_i;
typedef  pair<ll,int>        ll_i;
typedef  pair<ll,ll>         ll_ll;
typedef  pair<double,int>    d_i;
typedef  pair<double,double> d_d;

void impl(){};
template <typename T,typename... TS >
void impl(T &head,TS &... tail)
{
  cin>>head;
  impl(tail ...);
}
#define UNION_FIND_MAX_N (112345)
int union_find_par[UNION_FIND_MAX_N];
int union_find_rank[UNION_FIND_MAX_N];

void init(int n)
{
  int i;
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
      union_find_par[i]=i;
      union_find_rank[i]=0;
    }
}

int find(int x)
{
  if(union_find_par[x]==x)
    return x;
  else
    return union_find_par[x]=find(union_find_par[x]);
}

void unite(int x,int y)
{
  x=find(x);
  y=find(y);
  if(x==y)
    return;
  if(union_find_rank[x]<union_find_rank[y])
    union_find_par[x]=y;
  else
    union_find_par[y]=x;
  if(union_find_rank[x]==union_find_rank[y])
    union_find_rank[x]++;
}

int nsame(int x,int y)
{
  return find(x)!=find(y);
}

typedef struct edge
{
  int u;
  int v;
  int cost;
  bool operator>(const edge&right)const
  {
    return cost>right.cost;
  }
  bool operator<(const edge&right)const
  {
    return cost<right.cost;
  }
}Edge;

signed main(void)
{
  int n;
  Edge edge[112345]={};
  int i,j,k=0;
  int sum=0;
  cin>>n;
  init(n);
  rep(i,n)rep(j,n)
    {
      cin>>edge[k].cost;
      edge[k].u=i;
      edge[k].v=j;
      k++;
    }
  sort(edge,edge+k);
  rep(i,k)
    if(edge[i].cost!=-1)
      if(nsame(edge[i].u,edge[i].v))
	unite(edge[i].u,edge[i].v),sum+=edge[i].cost;
  
  cout<<sum<<endl;    
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>  // g++ -std=c++14 -o a a.cpp

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef long long ll;
#define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define repto(i, n) for(int i = 0; i <= (n); i++)
#define all(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define uniq(c) c.erase(unique(all(c)), (c).end()) // ユニークなvectorにする。連続した値を除去して切り出す。
#define _1 first
#define _2 second
#define pb push_back
#define INF 1145141919
#define MOD 1000000007
#define DEBUG(x) cout << #x << ": " << x << endl;

__attribute__((constructor))
void initial() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
}

int E[2001][2001] = {{0}};
int T[2001] = {0};
const int TAKEN = 1;

int main() {
  int N;
  cin >> N;

  rep(i, N) {
    rep(j, N) {
      int w;
      cin >> w;
      if (w == -1) {
         E[i][j] = INF;
      } else {
         E[i][j] = w;
      }
      // DEBUG(E[i][j]);
	}
  }

  T[0] = TAKEN;
  int count = 1;
  int sum = 0;

  while (count < N) {
    int minW = INF;
    int minI = -1;
    int minJ = -1;
    rep(i, N) {
       if (T[i] == TAKEN) {
          rep(j, N) {
			if(T[j] != TAKEN) {
              int w = E[i][j];
              if (w < minW) {
//                DEBUG(i);
//                DEBUG(j);
//                DEBUG(w);
                minW = w;
                minI = i;
                minJ = j;
              }
			}
          }
       }
    }
//    DEBUG("--------------------");
//    DEBUG(minI);
//    DEBUG(minJ);
//    DEBUG(minW);

	T[minJ] = TAKEN;
//	rep (i , N) {
//		DEBUG(i);
//		DEBUG(T[i]);
//	}

	count++;
	sum += minW;
  }

  cout << sum << endl;
}

C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

typedef std::vector<int> TTree;
struct TPath
{
    int Id1;
    int Id2;
    int Cost;
    TPath(int AId1, int AId2, int ACost)
     : Id1(AId1), Id2(AId2), Cost(ACost)
    {}
};
bool Compare(const TPath& Left, const TPath& Right)
{
    if(Left.Cost  < 0) return false;
    if(Right.Cost < 0) return true;
    return Left.Cost < Right.Cost;
}


int main()
{
    int n;
    std::cin >> n;
    std::vector<TTree*> Table(n, NULL);
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        Table[i] = new std::vector<int>(1, i);
    }
    std::vector<TPath> PathList;
    PathList.reserve(n*n);
    
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j){
            int Cost;
            std::cin >> Cost;
            PathList.push_back(TPath(i, j, Cost));
        }
    }
    std::sort(PathList.begin(), PathList.end(), Compare);
    
    int Total = 0;
    for(std::vector<TPath>::const_iterator It = PathList.begin();
        It != PathList.end(); ++It)
    {
        const TPath& Path = *It;
        TTree* Tree1 = Table[Path.Id1];
        TTree* Tree2 = Table[Path.Id2];
        if(Tree1 == Tree2){
            continue;
        }
        Tree1->insert(Tree1->end(), Tree2->begin(), Tree2->end());
        for(std::size_t j = 0; j < Tree2->size(); ++j){
            int Id = (*Tree2)[j];
            Table[Id] = Tree1;
        }
        delete Tree2;
        Total += Path.Cost;
        // std::cout << "[" << Path.Id1 << "]" << "[" << Path.Id2 << "] = " << Path.Cost << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << Total << std::endl;
    return 0;
}