Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func getScanner(fp *os.File) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 500001), 500000)
	return scanner
}

func getNextString(scanner *bufio.Scanner) string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func getNextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(getNextString(scanner))
	return i
}

func main() {
	fp := os.Stdin
	if len(os.Args) > 1 {
		fp, _ = os.Open(os.Args[1])
	}

	scanner := getScanner(fp)
	writer := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)

	n := getNextInt(scanner)

	g := make([][]int, n)
	ans := make([][]int, n)

	inf := 1 << 30
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n)
		ans[i] = make([]int, n)
		for ii := 0; ii < n; ii++ {
			g[i][ii] = getNextInt(scanner)
			if g[i][ii] == -1 {
				g[i][ii] = inf
			}
			ans[i][ii] = -1
		}
	}

	im := make(IntMap, 1)

	im.increment(1)

	for len(im) < n {
		min := inf
		u := -1
		v := -1
		for i := range im {
			for ii := 0; ii < n; ii++ {
				if im.get(ii) != 0 {
					continue
				}
				if min > g[i][ii] {
					min = g[i][ii]
					u = i
					v = ii
				}
			}
		}
		im.increment(v)
		ans[u][v] = min
		ans[v][u] = min
	}

	sum := 0
	for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
		for ii := i + 1; ii < n; ii++ {
			if ans[i][ii] != -1 {
				sum += ans[i][ii]
			}
		}
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(writer, sum)
	writer.Flush()
}

// IntMap ...
type IntMap map[int]int

func (m IntMap) get(key int) int {
	if _, ok := m[key]; ok {
		return m[key]
	}
	return 0
}
func (m IntMap) increment(key int) {
	if _, ok := m[key]; ok == false {
		m[key] = 0
	}
	m[key]++
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int n;
int a[101][101];

set<int>s,t;

int main(){
	s = set<int>();
	t = set<int>();
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
			scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
		}
		if(i == 0){
			t.insert(i);
		}
		else{
			s.insert(i);
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	while(!s.empty()){
		int min_s=-1,min_t=-1,min_w=10000000;
		for(set<int>::iterator sit = s.begin(); sit != s.end(); sit++){
			for(set<int>::iterator tit = t.begin(); tit != t.end(); tit++){
				if(a[*sit][*tit] != -1 && a[*sit][*tit] < min_w){
					min_s = *sit;
					min_t = *tit;
					min_w = a[*sit][*tit];
				}
			}
		}
		s.erase(min_s);
		t.insert(min_s);
		ans += min_w;
	}
	printf("%d\n",ans);
	
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
using namespace std;
typedef float fl;
typedef long long ll;

static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INF = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
    int u, minv;
    int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];

    rep(i,n) {
        d[i] = INF;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    d[0] = 0;

    while(1){
        minv = INF;
        u = -1;
        rep(i,n) {
            if( minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if (u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        rep(v,n) {
            if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INF) {
                if ( d[v] > M[u][v]){
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    rep(i,n) {
        if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin >> n;
    rep(i,n){
        rep(j,n){
            int e; cin >> e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1)? INF : e;
        }
    } 
    cout << prim() << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 1 << 22
int map[1000][1000];
int n, minval = 999999;

int prim()
{
    int sum = 0;
    int d[1000], fathernode[1000], color[1000];;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)
        d[i] = fathernode[i] = MAX;
    d[0] = 0;
    while(true)
    {
        int ch = -1, min = MAX;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)
        {
            if(min > d[i] && color[i] == 0) //选取未被染色的点
            {
                ch = i;
                min = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(ch == -1) //选完了，跳出
            break;
        color[ch] = 1;//选取这个点后染色
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j ++)//选取V-T中与T距离最近的节点
        {
            if(d[j] > map[ch][j] && color[j] == 0)
            {
                d[j] = map[ch][j];
                fathernode[j] = ch;//j节点的父节点是ch
            }
        }
    }
    //选取完毕，开始加起来
    for(int k = 0; k < n; k ++)//只加被染色（即被选中的）节点
    {
        if(fathernode[k] != MAX)//只加上有父节点的点
            sum += map[k][fathernode[k]];
    }
    return sum;
}

int main(void)
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j ++)
        {
            int t;
            scanf("%d", &t);
            map[i][j] = (t == -1 ? MAX : t);
        }
    printf("%d\n", prim() );
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 <<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
  int prim() {
   int u,minv;
   int d[MAX], p[MAX],color[MAX];

   for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    d[i] = INFTY;
    p[i] = -1;
   color[i] = WHITE;
  }

  d[0] = 0;

  while( 1 ){
   minv = INFTY;
   u = i;
   minv = d[i];
   }
 }
 if( u == -1) break;
 color[u] = BLACK;
 for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
  if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
    if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
       d[v] = M[u][v];
       p[v] = u;
    color[v] = GRAY;
   }
  }
 }
}
 int sum = 0;
 for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
   if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
   }

   return sum;
}
   
int main(){
  cin >> n;

  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
   for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
     int e; cin >> e;
     M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY ; e;
   }
  }

  cout << prim() << endl;

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
using namespace std;
typedef pair< int, int > Pi;
int info[100][100];
bool used[100];

int prim(const int& V){
  priority_queue< Pi > que;
  que.push(Pi());
  int ret = 0;
  while(!que.empty()){
    Pi p = que.top(); que.pop();
    if(!~-p.first || used[p.second]++) continue;
    ret -= p.first;
    for(int i = 0; i < V; i++) que.push( Pi( -info[p.second][i], i));
  }
  return ret;
}

int main(){
  int N;
  scanf("%d", &N);
  for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
    for(int j = 0 ; j < N ; j++){
      scanf("%d", &info[i][j]);
    }
  }
  printf("%d\n", prim(N));
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
 
int prim(vector<vector<pair<int, int> > >& G) {
	int cost = 0;
	const int N = G.size();
	vector<bool> used(G.size());
	priority_queue<pair<int, int>, vector<pair<int, int> >, greater<pair<int, int> > > pq;
	pq.push(make_pair(0, 0));
	while (!pq.empty()) {
		pair<int, int> p = pq.top(); pq.pop();
		int now = p.second;
		if (used[now]) continue;
		used[now] = true;
		cost += p.first;
		for (auto e : G[now])
			pq.push(make_pair(e.second, e.first));
	}
	return cost;
}

int main() {
	int n; cin >> n;
	vector<vector<pair<int, int> > > G(n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
			int a; cin >> a;
			if (a != -1) G[i].push_back(make_pair(j, a));
		}
	}
	cout << prim(G) << endl;

	return 0;
}