Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const MAX = 1000
const NIL = -1

type Node struct {
	id    int
	depth int
}

type Queue struct {
	head      int
	tail      int
	container [MAX]Node
}

func (q *Queue) inQueue(x Node) {
	q.container[q.tail] = x
	q.tail = (q.tail + 1) % MAX
}

func (q *Queue) deQueue() Node {
	x := q.container[q.head]
	q.head = (q.head + 1) % MAX
	return x
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func scanInt() int {
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanString())
	return num
}

func scanString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

func main() {
	n := scanInt()
	route := make([][]int, n)
	for i := range route {
		u, k := scanInt(), scanInt()
		u--
		route[u] = make([]int, k)
		for j := range route[u] {
			num := scanInt()
			num--
			route[i][j] = num
		}
	}

	d := make([]int, n)
	for i := range d {
		d[i] = NIL
	}

	start := Node{0, 0}
	que := Queue{}
	que.inQueue(start)
	for !que.isEmpty() {
		node := que.deQueue()
		if d[node.id] != NIL {
			continue
		}
		d[node.id] = node.depth

		for _, nextId := range route[node.id] {
			next := Node{id: nextId, depth: node.depth + 1}
			que.inQueue(next)
		}
	}

	for i, depth := range d {
		fmt.Println(i+1, depth)
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
  }
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty){
    q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push;
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
      M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>

int main(void) {
	int n, a[100][100] = {0}, kyori[100] = {0}, homon1[100] = {0}, homon2[100] = {0}, kyo, u, k, v, i, j, m;
	
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		scanf("%d", &u);
		scanf("%d", &k);
		for (j = 0; j < k; j++)
		{
			scanf("%d", &v);
			a[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
		}
	}
	
	kyori[0] = 0;
	kyo = 0;
	homon1[0] = 1;
	for (m = 0; m < n; m++)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (homon1[i] == 1 && homon2[i] == 0 && kyori[i] == kyo)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
				{
					if (a[i][j] == 1 && homon1[j] == 0)
					{
						kyori[j] = kyori[i] + 1;
						homon1[j] = 1;
					}
				}
				homon2[i] = 1;
			}
		}
		kyo++;
	}
	
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		if (i != 0 && kyori[i] == 0) kyori[i] = -1;
		printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, kyori[i]);
	}
	
	return 0;
}