Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

//util
var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextStr() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func printList(list []int) {
	n := len(list)
	buf := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for _, v := range list[0 : n-1] {
		buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d ", v)))
	}
	buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", list[n-1])))
	buf.Flush()
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	} else {
		return b
	}
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return b
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

//solve
const INFTY = (1 << 21)
const MAX = 100
const WHITE = 0
const GRAY = 1
const BLACK = 2

var time, n int

//隣接行列
var M [MAX][MAX]int

//d[i]: 頂点1から頂点iまでの距離
var color, d [MAX]int

func bfs(s int) {
	var q []int
	q = append(q, s)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
	}
	//sは開始点なので、0をいれる
	d[s] = 0

	//キューが空になるまで、以下を繰り返す
	for len(q) > 0 {
		u := q[0]
		q = q[1:]
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if M[u][v] == 0 {
				continue
			}
			if d[v] != INFTY {
				continue
			}
			d[v] = d[u] + 1
			q = append(q, v)
		}
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1)
		if d[i] == INFTY {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", -1)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", d[i])
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	n = nextInt()
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		u, k := nextInt(), nextInt()
		M[u-1][u-1] = 0

		//fmt.Println(u, k)
		if k > 0 {
			for j := 0; j < k; j++ {

				v := nextInt()
				M[u-1][v-1] = 1

			}
		}

	}

	bfs(0)

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;

int main() {
    // 頂点数と辺数
    int N; cin >> N ;

    // グラフ入力受取 (ここでは無向グラフを想定)
    Graph G(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        int a , b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        a = a - 1;
        if(b != 0){
        for(int j = 0; j < b; j++){
            int e1;
            cin >> e1;

            e1 = e1 - 1;
        //    G[e1].push_back(a);
            G[a].push_back(e1);
        }
        }

    }

    // BFS のためのデータ構造
    vector<int> dist(N, -1); // 全頂点を「未訪問」に初期化
    queue<int> que;

    // 初期条件 (頂点 0 を初期ノードとする)
    dist[0] = 0;
    que.push(0); // 0 を橙色頂点にする

    // BFS 開始 (キューが空になるまで探索を行う)
    while (!que.empty()) {
        int v = que.front(); // キューから先頭頂点を取り出す
        que.pop();

        // v から辿れる頂点をすべて調べる
        for (int nv : G[v]) {
            if (dist[nv] != -1) continue; // すでに発見済みの頂点は探索しない
            // 新たな白色頂点 nv について距離情報を更新してキューに追加する
            dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
            que.push(nv);
        }
    }

    // 結果出力 (各頂点の頂点 0 からの距離を見る)
    for (int v = 1; v <= N; ++v) cout << v << " " << dist[v - 1] << endl;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int, int>;

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
#pragma region Debug
template <typename T>
void view(const std::vector<T> &v)
{
    for (const auto &e : v)
    {
        std::cout << e << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}
template <typename T>
void view(const std::vector<std::vector<T>> &vv)
{
    for (const auto &v : vv)
    {
        view(v);
    }
}
#pragma endregion

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> g(n, vector<int>());
    vector<int> d(n, -1);

    rep(i, n)
    {
        int k;
        cin >> k >> k;
        rep(j, k)
        {
            int t;
            cin >> t;
            t--;
            g[i].emplace_back(t);
        }
    }

    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    d[0] = 0;
    while (q.size())
    {
        int v = q.front();
        q.pop();

        for (auto nv : g[v])
        {
            if (d[nv] >= 0)
                continue;

            d[nv] = d[v] + 1;
            q.push(nv);
        }
        // cout << v << " " << q.size() << endl;
    }

    rep(i, n)
    {
        cout << (i + 1) << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: /*
http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_C&lang=ja
*/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int,int>;

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> to(n);
    rep(i,n){
        int u,k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        rep(j,k){
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            to[i].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<int> dist(n,-1);
    queue<int> q;
    dist[0]=0;
    q.push(0);

    while(!q.empty()){
        int p;
        p = q.front();
        q.pop();
        //cout << "p" << p << endl;
        rep(i,to[p].size()){
            if(dist[to[p][i]]==-1){
                dist[to[p][i]]=dist[p]+1;
                q.push(to[p][i]);
            }
        }
    }

    rep(i,dist.size()){
        cout << i+1 <<" " <<dist[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=100+10;
int n,dis[maxn],vis[maxn];
vector<int>G[maxn];
void bfs(){
    memset(dis,0,sizeof dis);
    memset(vis,0,sizeof vis);
    queue<int>que;
    que.push(1);vis[1]=1;dis[1]=0;
    while(!que.empty()){
        int cur=que.front();que.pop();
        for(auto i:G[cur]){
            if(!vis[i]){
                que.push(i);
                dis[i]=dis[cur]+1;
                vis[i]=1;
            }
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        int u,k;cin>>u>>k;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            int v;cin>>v;
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }
    bfs();
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) if(!vis[i]) dis[i]=-1;//在bfs完以后还没到达的点到1点的距离设置为-1
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<i<<" "<<dis[i]<<"\n";
}
/*
4
1 2 2 4
2 1 4
3 0
4 1 3
*/

C++: #include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

class TVertex
{
    int FIndex;
    std::vector<TVertex*> FList;
    int FDistance;

public:
    TVertex(int Index)
     : FIndex(Index), FDistance(-1)
    {}
    void AddPath(TVertex* Vertex)
    {
        FList.push_back(Vertex);
    }
    void PrintDistance(std::ostream& out)const
    {
        out << FIndex << " " << FDistance << std::endl;
    }
    void BreadthFirstSearch(int Distance)
    {
        if(FDistance <= Distance && FDistance != -1) return;
        FDistance = Distance++;
        for(std::vector<TVertex*>::iterator It = FList.begin(); It != FList.end(); ++It){
            TVertex* V = *It;
            V->BreadthFirstSearch(Distance);
        }
    }
};
class TGraph
{
    std::vector<TVertex*> FTable;
    void Init(int n)
    {
        assert(n > 0);
        FTable.resize(n);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
            FTable[i] = new TVertex(i);
        }
    }
public:
    TGraph(int n)
    {
        Init(n+1);
    }
    
    void SetupVertex(std::istream& in)
    {
        int Index;
        in >> Index;
        assert(Index >= 1);
        assert(Index <= FTable.size());
        int k;
        in >> k;
        for(int i = 0; i < k; ++i){
            int v;
            in >> v;
            FTable[Index]->AddPath(FTable[v]);
        }
    }
    void BreadthFirstSearch()
    {
        FTable[1]->BreadthFirstSearch(0);
    }
    void PrintDistance(std::ostream& out)
    {
        for(int i = 1; i < FTable.size(); ++i){
            FTable[i]->PrintDistance(out);
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    int n;
    std::cin >> n;
    TGraph Graph(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        Graph.SetupVertex(std::cin);
    }
    Graph.BreadthFirstSearch();
    Graph.PrintDistance(std::cout);
    return 0;
    
}