Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
#define reps(i,s,n) for(int (i)=(s);(i)<(n);++(i))
#define rep(i,n) reps(i,0,n)
#define reptr(i,n) for(int (i)=(n);(i)>=0;--(i))
#define All(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define mp make_pair
const ll MOD=1e9+7;
const int MAX = 100;
const int BLACK = 2;
const int GRAY = 1;
const int WHITE = 0;
using namespace std;

int n;
int M[MAX][MAX];

void prim(){
  int color[MAX];
  //d[i] : 自集合からの点iへの最短距離
  int d[MAX];
  //p[i]=s iの親はs
  int p[MAX];
  rep(i,n){
    color[i] = WHITE;
    d[i] = INT_MAX;
    p[i] = -1;
  }
  d[0] = 0;

  while(1){
    int u = -1,minv = INT_MAX;
    rep(i,n){
      if(color[i] != BLACK && minv > d[i]){
        u = i;
        minv = d[i];
      }
    }
    if(u == -1) break;
    color[u] = BLACK;
    rep(v,n){
      if(M[u][v] != INT_MAX && color[v] != BLACK){
        if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
          d[v] = M[u][v];
          p[v] = u;
          color[v] = GRAY;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  int sum = 0;
  rep(i,n){
    if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
  }
  cout << sum << endl;
}

int main(){
  cin >> n;
  rep(i,n){
    rep(j,n){
      int tmp;
      cin >> tmp;
      M[i][j] = (tmp == -1) ? INT_MAX : tmp;
    }
  }
  prim();
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int n;
const int N = 110;
int A[N][N];
typedef pair<int, int> P;
vector<P> G[N];

int min_cost = 0;

void prim() {
    priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P> > heap;
    heap.push({0, 1});
    vector<bool> vis(n + 1, false);
    vector<int> dis(n + 1, INT_MAX);

    while (!heap.empty()) {
        int u = heap.top().second, cost = heap.top().first;
        heap.pop();
        if (vis[u]) continue;
        vis[u] = true;
        min_cost += cost;
        for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); i++) {
            int v = G[u][i].second, len = G[u][i].first;
            if (!vis[v] && len < dis[v]) {
                dis[v] = len;
                heap.push({len, v});
            }
        }
    }    
}

void kruskal() {

}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            cin >> A[i][j];
            if (A[i][j] != -1) {
                G[i].push_back({A[i][j], j});
            }
        }
    }
    
    prim();
    cout << min_cost << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
using namespace std;
int P[10010];

void init(int N)
{
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; ++i)
    {
        P[i] = i;
    }
}
 
int root(int a)
{
    if(P[a] == a)
    {
        return a;
    }
    return (P[a] = root(P[a]));
}
 
bool is_same_set(int a, int b)
{
    return root(a) == root(b);
}
 
void unite(int a, int b)
{
    P[root(a)] = root(b);
}

int main()
{
	int n = 0;
	cin >> n; 
	int cost[5000];
	int src[5000];
	int dst[5000];
	int A[100 + 10][100 + 10];
	int M = 0;
	pair<int,int> p;
	vector<pair<int,int>> edges;

	for(int r = 0; r < n; ++r)
	{
		for(int c = 0; c < n; ++c)
		{
			cin >> A[r][c];
		}
	}
	
	for (int r = 0; r < n; ++r)
	{
		for(int c = r + 1; c < n; ++c)
		{
			if(A[r][c] > -1)
			{
				cost[M] = A[r][c];
				src[M] = r;
				dst[M] = c;
				edges.push_back(make_pair(cost[M],M));
				M += 1;
			}
		}
	}
	sort(edges.begin(),edges.end());
	int sum = 0;
	init(n);
	for(int i = 0; i < M; ++i)
	{
		if(is_same_set(src[i], dst[i]) == 1) continue;
		else
		{
			unite(src[i], dst[i]);
			sum += edges[i].first;
		}
	}
	cout << sum << endl;
}

C++: #include<cstdlib>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = (int)1e2 + 10;

int m,n;
int p[MAXN];
int a[MAXN][MAXN];
int vis[MAXN];
int d[MAXN];
const int INF = (int) 0x3f3f3f3f;

void work(){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) p[i]=i;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
            scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
        }
    }
    int ans=0;
    int cur=1,cnt=1;
    vis[1]=1;
    for(int i=2;i<=n;i++) d[i]=INF;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)if(a[1][i]!=-1) d[i]=a[1][i];
    while(cnt<n){
        int id=0;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)if(!vis[i]){
            if(id==0||d[id]>d[i]){
                id=i;
            }
        }
        vis[id]=1;
        cnt++;
        ans+=d[id];
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)if(!vis[i]&&a[id][i]!=-1){
            d[i]=min(d[i],a[id][i]);
        }
    }
    if(cnt==n) printf("%d\n",ans);
    else printf("-1\n");
}

int main(){
    work();
    return 0;
}

/*
5
-1 2 3 1 -1
2 -1 -1 4 -1
3 -1 -1 1 1
1 4 1 -1 3
-1 -1 1 3 -1
*/