Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main() {
	int n, u, k, v;
	cin >> n;
	vector<int> ans(n,100000000000);
	vector<vector<int>> adj(n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		while (k--)cin >> v, adj[u-1].push_back(v-1);
	}
	queue<pair<int, int>> q;//<idx,path>
	q.push(pair<int, int>(0, 1));
	while (!q.empty()) {
		auto tmp = q.front(); q.pop();
		ans[tmp.first] = min(ans[tmp.first], tmp.second);
		for (int i = 0; i < adj[tmp.first].size(); i++) q.push(pair<int, int>(adj[tmp.first][i], tmp.second+1));
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	cout << i + 1 << " " << ans[i]-1 << endl;
	
}

C++: //#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
using in = int64_t;
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define REP(i,a,b) for(int i=(int)(a);i<(int)(b);i++)
const double PI=3.14159265358979323846;
const in MOD = 1000000007;
const in INF=1<<30;
using P=pair<int,int>;
vector<int> dx={0,1,-1,0};
vector<int> dy={1,0,0,-1};

struct edge{int to; int cost;};
vector<vector<edge>> graph(0);
vector<int> d(0);
const int MAX_dist=1e9;

void init(int n){
    graph.resize(n);
    d.resize(n,MAX_dist);
}

void dijkstra(int s){
    priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P>> que;
    d[s]=0;
    que.emplace(0,s);
    while(!que.empty()){
        P p=que.top();
        que.pop();
        int v=p.second;
        if(d[v]<p.first) continue;
        rep(i,graph[v].size()){
            edge e=graph[v][i];
            if(d[e.to]>d[v]+e.cost){
            d[e.to]=d[v]+e.cost;
            que.emplace(d[e.to],e.to);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(){
ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
cout << fixed << setprecision(10);
    int n;cin>>n;
    init(n);
    int k,v;
    rep(i,n){
        cin>>k;cin>>k;
        rep(j,k){
            cin>>v;
            graph[i].push_back({v-1,1});
        }
    }
    dijkstra(0);
    rep(i,n){
        cout<<i+1<<" ";
        if(d[i]==MAX_dist) cout<<-1;
        else cout<<d[i];
        cout<<'\n';
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
int N;
int D[100];
void bfs(int src){
    int u[100],k[100],a[10001],d[100][100];
    bool visit[100];
    for(int i=1;i<=N;++i){
        cin>>u[i]>>k[i];
        for(int j=0;j<k[i];++j){
            cin>>a[j];
            d[u[i]][a[j]]=1;
        }
        visit[i]=true;
    }
    queue<int>Q;
    Q.push(src);
    D[src]=0;
    visit[src]=false;
    while(!Q.empty()){
        int cur=Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for(int i=1;i<=N;++i){
            if(d[cur][i]==1&&visit[i]){
                visit[cur]=false;
                visit[i]=false;
                D[i]=D[cur]+1;
                Q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=N;++i){
        if(i!=1&&D[i]==0){
            D[i]=-1;
        }
        cout<<i<<" "<<D[i]<<endl;
    }
}
int main(){
    cin>>N;
    int start=1;
    bfs(start);
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

const int kSize = 101;

vector<int> adj[kSize];
bool isMarked[kSize];
int d[kSize];

void dfs(int v) {
    isMarked[v] = true;

    for (int i = 0; i < adj[v].size(); ++i) {
        int u = adj[v][i];
        if (!isMarked[u]) {
            dfs(u);
        }
    }
}

void bfs() {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(1);
    d[1] = 0;
    int dis = 0;
    isMarked[1] = true;

    while (!q.empty()) {
        int size = q.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            int u = q.front();
            q.pop();
            for (int j = 0; j < adj[u].size(); ++j) {
                int v = adj[u][j];
                if (!isMarked[v]) {
                    q.push(v);
                    isMarked[v] = true;
                }
            }

            d[u] = dis;
        }

        dis++;
    }
}

int main() {
    int n;
    fill(isMarked, isMarked + kSize, false);
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int id, k;
        cin >> id >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            adj[id].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    bfs();
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        if (i == 1) {
            cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
        } else {
            if (d[i] > 0) {
                cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
            } else {
                cout << i << " " << -1 << endl;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
#define MAX 100
#define INF 1000
using namespace std;
int n, g[MAX][MAX], labels[MAX], d[MAX];
queue<int> Q;

void bfs(int s) {
    int v,u;
    labels[s] = 1;
    d[s]=0;
    Q.push(s);
    while (!Q.empty()) {
	u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
	for (v=0; v<n; v++) {
	    if (g[u][v] && labels[v]==0) {
		labels[v] =1;
		d[v] = d[u] +1;
		Q.push(v);
	    }
	}
	labels[u] = 2;
    }
}

int main() {
    int i,u,k,v,j;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=0;i<n;i++){
	for(j=0;j<n;j++){
	    g[i][j]=0;
	}
    }

    for(i=0;i<n;i++){
	scanf("%d %d",&u, &k);
	for(j=0;j<k;j++){
	    scanf("%d",&v);
	    g[u-1][v-1]=1;
	}
    }

    for(i=0; i<n; i++) { labels[i]=0; d[i]=INF;}

    bfs(0);

    for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
	if (d[i] != INF) printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
	else printf("%d -1\n", i+1);
    }
    return 0;
}