Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(shortestList)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long

struct edge{ int u,v,cost; };
bool comp(const edge& e1,const edge& e2){
  return e1.cost < e2.cost;
}

vector<edge> es;
int V,E; //頂点数、辺数
const int N = 1e5+10;

struct UF{
  const int N = 1e5+10;
  vector<int> par; //親
  vector<int> depth; //木の深さ

  void init(){
    par.resize(N);
    depth.resize(N);
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
      par[i] = i;
      depth[i] = 0;
    }
  }

  //木の根を求める
  int root(int x){
    if(par[x] == x){
      return x;
    }
    else {
      return par[x] = root(par[x]);
    }
  }

  //xとyの属する集合を併合
  void unite(int x,int y){
    x = root(x);
    y = root(y);
    if(x == y) return;

    if(depth[x] < depth[y]) par[x] = y;
    else {
      par[y] = x;
      if(depth[x] == depth[y]) depth[x]++;
    }
  }
}uf;

int kruskal(){
  sort(es.begin(),es.end(),comp);
  uf.init();
  int min_cost = 0;
  for(int i = 0; i < es.size(); i++){
    edge e = es[i];
    if(e.cost == -1) continue;
    if(uf.root(e.u) != uf.root(e.v)){
      min_cost += e.cost;
      uf.unite(e.u,e.v);
    }
  }
  return min_cost;
}

signed main(){
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  cin >> V;
  for(int i = 0; i < V; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < V; j++){
      int cost; cin >> cost;
      es.push_back({i,j,cost});
    }
  }
  cout << kruskal() << endl;

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class edge
{
  public:
    int i, j, weigt;
    bool operator()(edge e1, edge e2)
    {
        return e1.weigt < e2.weigt;
    }
};
edge e[10000];
int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int b[n][n] = {};
    int k = 0;
    int tmp = 0;
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
            cin >> tmp;
            if (j < i + 1 || tmp < 0)
                continue;
            e[k].i = i;
            e[k].j = j;
            e[k].weigt = tmp;
            k++;
        }
    }
    sort(e, e + k, edge());
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        if (b[e[i].i][e[i].j] == 0)
        {
            sum += e[i].weigt;
            b[e[i].i][e[i].j] = 1;
            b[e[i].j][e[i].i] = 1;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
                if (b[e[i].i][j] || b[e[i].j][j])
                    b[e[i].i][j] = b[e[i].j][j] = b[j][e[i].i] = b[j][e[i].j] = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << sum << "\n";
    return 0;
}

C++: #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <climits>
#include <list>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

static const int INFTY = 2001;

int main() {
	int Dist[101];
	int AdjacenceyList[100][100];
	int AdjacenceyWeightList[100][100];
	int Degree[100];
	int i, j;
	int N;
	int W;
	int Deg;
	int MinTotalWeight = 0;
	int u, v;
	int PrevSecondSmallestVertex;
	int SecondSmallestVertex;
	int MinVertex;
	bool inT[100];

	cin >> N;

	for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		inT[i] = false;
		Dist[i] = INFTY;
		Deg = -1;
		for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
			cin >> W;
			if(W != -1){
				AdjacenceyList[i][++Deg] = j;
				AdjacenceyWeightList[i][Deg] = W;
			}
		}
		Degree[i] = Deg + 1;
	}
	Dist[100] = INFTY;

	u = 0;
	inT[u] = true;
	Dist[u] = 0;
	PrevSecondSmallestVertex = 100;
	for (i = 1; i <= N - 1; i++) {
		MinVertex = 100;
		for (j = 0; j < Degree[u]; j++) {
			v = AdjacenceyList[u][j];
			if (inT[v] == false) {
				W = AdjacenceyWeightList[u][j];
				if (W < Dist[v]) {
					Dist[v] = W;
				}
				if (Dist[v] < Dist[MinVertex]) {
					SecondSmallestVertex = MinVertex;
					MinVertex = v;
				}
				else if (Dist[v] < Dist[SecondSmallestVertex]) {
					SecondSmallestVertex = v;
				}
			}
		}

		//DEBUG
		cout << "MinVerTex = " << MinVertex << " SecondSmallestVertex = " << SecondSmallestVertex << endl;

		if (Dist[PrevSecondSmallestVertex] < Dist[MinVertex]) {
			SecondSmallestVertex = MinVertex;
			MinVertex = PrevSecondSmallestVertex;
			PrevSecondSmallestVertex = SecondSmallestVertex;
		}
		else if (Dist[SecondSmallestVertex] < Dist[PrevSecondSmallestVertex]) {
			PrevSecondSmallestVertex = SecondSmallestVertex;
		}
		inT[MinVertex] = true;
		u = MinVertex;
		MinTotalWeight += Dist[MinVertex];

		//DEBUG
		cout << "MinVertex = " << MinVertex << " PrevSecondSmallestVertex = " << PrevSecondSmallestVertex << endl;
		cout << "inT: ";
		for (int k = 0; k < N; k++) {
			cout << inT[k] << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
		printf("MinTotalWeight = %d\n", MinTotalWeight);
	}
	//printf("%d\n", MinTotalWeight);

	return 0;
}