Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
//typedef unsigned long long ll;

//#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
//#define sz(x) ll(x.size())
//typedef pair<ll, int> P;
//typedef pair<ll, ll> P;
const double INF = 1e10;
//const ll INF = LONG_LONG_MAX / 10;
//const ll INF = 1e15;
const ll MINF = LONG_LONG_MIN;
//const int INF = INT_MAX / 10;
#define cmin(x, y) x = min(x, y)
#define cmax(x, y) x = max(x, y)

bool contain(set<int> &s, int a) { return s.find(a) != s.end(); }

//ifstream myfile("C:\\Users\\riku\\Downloads\\0_00.txt");
//ofstream outfile("log.txt");
//outfile << setw(6) << setfill('0') << prefecture << setw(6) << setfill('0') << rank << endl;
// std::cout << std::bitset<8>(9);

typedef pair<double, double> P;

void print_line(vector<int> &line) {
    if (line.size() == 0ll) {
        cout << endl;
        return;
    }
    for (ll i = 0; i < line.size(); i++) {
        cout << line[i];
        if (i == line.size() - 1) cout << endl;
        else cout << ' ';
    }
}


typedef priority_queue<long long, vector<long long>, greater<long long>> PQ_ASK;
const int mod = 1000000007;

struct Q {
    int to, depth;
};

void bfs(int from, vector<vector<int>> &tos, set<int> &used, vector<int> &ans) {
    queue<Q> q;
    q.push({from, 0});

    while (!q.empty()) {
        Q top = q.front();
        q.pop();
        if (!contain(used, top.to)) {
            continue;
        }

        used.erase(top.to);
        ans[top.to] = top.depth;

        for (int to : tos[top.to]) {
            q.push({to, top.depth + 1});
        }
    }

}

int main() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> tos(n);
    rep(i, n) {
        int j, k;
        cin >> j >> k;
        j--;
        rep(l, k) {
            int m;
            cin >> m;
            m--;
            tos[j].push_back(m);
        }
    }

    vector<int> ans(n, -1);
    rep(i, n) sort(tos[i].begin(), tos[i].end());
    set<int> used;
    rep(i, n) used.insert(i);
    bfs(0, tos, used, ans);

    rep(i, n) cout << (i + 1) << ' ' << ans[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using UL = unsigned int;
using ULL = unsigned long long;
using LL = long long;
#define rep(i,n) for(UL i=0; i<(n); i++)

vector<UL> E[100];
UL D[100];

int main() {
 UL N; scanf("%u",&N);
 rep(i,N){
  UL v; scanf("%u",&v); v--;
  UL c; scanf("%u",&c);
  rep(i,c){
   UL e; scanf("%u",&e); e--;
   E[v].push_back(e);
  }
 }
 rep(i,N) D[i]=~0u;
 queue<UL> Q; Q.push(0); D[0]=0;
 while(Q.size()){
  UL p=Q.front(); Q.pop();
  for(UL e:E[p]){
   if(D[e]!=~0u) continue;
   D[e]=D[p]+1;
   Q.push(e);
  }
 }
 rep(i,N){
  printf("%u ",i+1);
  if(D[i]!=~0) printf("%d\n",D[i]);
  else printf("-1\n");
 }
 return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define REP(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define REPR(i, n) for(int i = n; i >= 0; i--)
#define FOR(i, m, n) for(int i = m; i < n; i++)
#define ALL(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end()
#define INF 1e9
typedef long long ll;

using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;

Graph G;

int n;


int main() {
    cin >> n;
    G.assign(n, vector<int>());
    REP(i,n){
        int u;
        cin >> u;
        u--;
        int k;
        cin >> k;
        REP(j,k){
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }
    vector<int> dist(n, -1);
    queue<int> que;

    dist[0] = 0;
    que.push(0);

    while(!que.empty()){
        int v = que.front();
        que.pop();

        for(int next: G[v]){
            if(dist[next]!=-1) continue;

            dist[next] = dist[v] + 1;
            que.push(next);
        }
    }
    REP(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main(){
  vector<int> G[100];
  queue<int> q;
  vector<int> d(100,-1);
  int n,u,k,v,depth;
  bool flg;
  
  cin >> n;
  for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u>> k;
    for (int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      G[u-1].push_back(v-1);
    }
  }
  depth=0;
  q.push(0);
  d[0]=depth;
  while (!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    for (int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){
      v=G[u][i];
      if (d[v]==-1){
	q.push(v);
	d[v]=d[u]+1;
	flg=true;
	break;
      }
    }
    if (!flg){
      q.pop();
    }else{
      flg=false;
    }
  }
    
  for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
    cout << i+1 <<" "<< d[i]<<" "<<endl;
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct{
  int A[1000];
  int ans;
  bool c;
}node;
node T[1000];
int Q[10000000];
int head=0;
int tail=1;
int n;

void function(int num){
  while(true){
    if(head==tail)break;
    for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
      if(T[num].A[i]==1){
	if(T[i].ans==0){
	  T[i].ans=T[num].ans+1;
	  T[num].A[i]=0;
	}
	Q[tail++]=i;
      }
    }
    //    cout<<"Q "<<Q[head]<<endl;
    num=Q[head++];
    //  cout<<head<<" "<<tail<<endl;
  }

}

int main(){
  int num;
  int son;
  int z;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>num;
    cin>>son;
    for(int j=0;j<son;j++){
      cin>>z;
      T[num].A[z]=1;
      }
  }
  Q[0]=1;
  function(1);
  T[1].ans=0;
  for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
    if(T[i].ans==0){
      T[i].ans=-1;
    }
  }

  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
      cout<<i<<" "<<T[i].ans<<endl;
  }


  return 0;
}