Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <cassert>
#include <queue>

const int MAXINT = 1000000000;

void bfs(std::vector<std::vector<int> >& adj_list, std::vector<int>& d, int root = 0 ){
  std::queue<int> target_q;
  // std::queue<int> dist_q;
  target_q.push(root);
  d[root] = 0;
  // dist_q.push(0;)
  while(!target_q.empty()){
    int vtx = target_q.front(); target_q.pop();
    for(int const&  u : adj_list[vtx]){
      target_q.push(u);
      if(d[vtx] + 1 < d[u]){
        // std::cout<< "/* message */" << std::endl;
        d[u] = d[vtx] + 1;
      }
    }
  }
}


int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  int n; // .. 100
  std::cin >> n;
  std::vector<std::vector<int> > adj_list(n);
  std::vector<int> d(n, MAXINT);

  for(int q=0; q<n; ++q){
    int i_plus_1, k;
    std::cin >> i_plus_1;
    std::cin >> k;
    for(int p=0; p<k; ++p){
      int j_plus_1;
      std::cin >> j_plus_1;
      // adj[i_plus_1-1][j_plus_1-1] = true;
      adj_list[i_plus_1 - 1].push_back(j_plus_1-1);
    }
  }
  bfs(adj_list, d, 0);

  for(int i=0; i<n; ++i){

    // if(d[i] < MAXINT){
      std::cout << (i+1)
        << " " << (d[i]==MAXINT ? -1 :: d[i])
        << std::endl;
  }


  // for(auto it = adj_list.begin(); it != adj_list.end(); ++it){
  //   std::cout << ": ";
  //   for(auto jt = (*it).begin(); jt != (*it).end(); ++jt){
  //     std::cout << (*jt) << ' ';
  //   }
  //   std::cout << std::endl;
  // }

  return 0;
}

C++: /* 
 * ALDS1_11B.cpp
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

int N;
int ad_k[101];
int ad_list[101][101];
int result[101];

struct Data {
    int d, v;
};

queue<Data> q;

int main(void) {

    scanf("%d", &N);
    for (int i = 1, id; i <= N; ++i) {
        scanf("%d", &id);
        scanf("%d", ad_k + id);
        for (int j = 0; j < ad_k[id]; ++j) {
            scanf("%d", ad_list[id] + j);
        }
    }

    q.push({0, 1});
    while (!q.empty()) {
        Data data = q.front();
        q.pop();

        for (int i = 0; i < ad_k[data.v]; ++i) {
            if (result[ad_list[data.v][i]] != 0 || ad_list[data.v][i] == 1)
                continue;
            result[ad_list[data.v][i]] = data.d + 1;
            q.push({data.d + 1, ad_list[data.v][i]});
        }
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
        printf("%d ", i);
        if (result[i] == 0 && i != 1)
            printf("-1\n");
        else
            printf("%d\n", result[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <queue>


std::queue<int> q;
typedef struct{
	bool isVisited;
	int degree;
	int distance;
	int *neighbors;
} node;

void bfs(node* nodes){
	int id;
	while (!q.empty()){
		id = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i=0; i<nodes[id].degree; i++){
			if (!nodes[nodes[id].neighbors[i]].isVisited){
				nodes[nodes[id].neighbors[i]].distance = nodes[id].distance+1;
				q.push(nodes[id].neighbors[i]);
				nodes[nodes[id].neighbors[i]].isVisited=true;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	int n, d, r, id;
	node *nodes;

	scanf("%d", &n);
	nodes = new node[n+1];
	for (int i=0; i<n;i++){
		nodes[i].isVisited=false;
		scanf("%d %d", &r, &d);
		nodes[i].degree=d;
		nodes[i].neighbors = new int[d];
		nodes[i].distance=0;
		
		for (int j=0;j<d;j++){
			scanf("%d", &id);
			nodes[i].neighbors[j] = id-1;
		}
	}
	q.push(0);
	nodes[0].isVisited=true;
	bfs(nodes);
	for (int i=0; i<n;i++){
		printf("%d %d\n", i+1, nodes[i].distance);
		delete []nodes[i].neighbors;
	}
	delete []nodes;
	return 0;
}