Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <utility>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

typedef uint64_t u64;
typedef int64_t s64;
typedef uint32_t u32;
typedef int32_t s32;
typedef vector<s32> vs32;
typedef vector<u32> vu32;
typedef vector<s64> vs64;
typedef vector<u64> vu64;

const double PI=3.14159265358979323846;

#define MAX(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (y) : (x))
#define MIN(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (y) : (x))

#define rep(i, N) for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

#define CEIL(x, y) (((x) + (y) - 1) / (y))
#define MOD 1000000007ULL

int main()
{
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin >> n;

    int g[n][n];
    int w;
    rep (i, n)
    {
        rep (j, n)
        {
            cin >> w;
            if (w < 0) w = 1e9;
            g[i][j] = w;
        }
    }

    u64 ans = 0;
    vs32 MST;
    vs32 remain(n - 1);
    rep (i, n - 1) remain[i] = i + 1;
    MST.push_back(0);
    while (MST.size() < n)
    {
        w = 1e9;
        int node;
        for (int u : MST)
        {
            rep (j, remain.size())
            {
                int v = remain[j];
                if (w > g[u][v])
                {
                    w = g[u][v];
                    node = j;
                }
            }
        }
        MST.push_back(remain[node]);
        swap(remain[node], remain.back());
        remain.pop_back();
        ans += w;
    }

    cout << ans << "\n";
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u, minv;
    int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
    
    for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    
    while(1){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
            if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for(int v= 0;v<n;v++){
            if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
                if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
                d[v] = M[u][v];
                p[v] = u;
                color[v] = GRAY;
            }
        }    
    }
 }
int sum = 0;
for(int i =0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
}

return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin>>n;
    
    for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j = 0;j<n;j++){
            int e; cin>>e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }
    
    cout << prim() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>

class union_find  // union find.
{
    int* U;
public:
    union_find(int n){ U = new int [n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) U[i] = i; }
    int root(int a){ if(U[a] == a){ return a; } U[a] = root(U[a]); return U[a]; }
    bool same(int a, int b){ return root(a) == root(b); }
    void join(int a, int b){ int x = root(a), y = root(b); U[x] = y; }
    ~union_find(){ delete [] U; }
};

struct edge{
    int v1, v2, w;
    bool operator < (const edge &e) const{ return w > e.w; }  // const?????????????????????
};

edge init(int ver_1, int ver_2, int weight)
{
	edge e;
	e.v1 = ver_1, e.v2 = ver_2, e.w = weight;
	return e;
}

int main()
{
	int i, j, w, n;
	scanf("%d", &n);

	priority_queue<edge> ES;
	union_find VS(n);

	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
			scanf("%d", &w);
			if(i >= j || w < 0) continue;
			ES.push(init(i, j, w));
		}
	}
	int size = 0, sum = 0;
	edge e;
	while(!ES.empty() && size < n - 1){
		e = ES.top();
		ES.pop();
		if(!VS.same(e.v1, e.v2)){
			VS.join(e.v1, e.v2);
			sum += e.w;
			size++;
		}
	};
	printf("%d\n", sum);

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), i##_max = (b); i < i##_max; ++i)
#define RFOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (b)-1, i##_min = (a); i >= i##_min; --i)
#define REP(i, n) for (int i = 0, i##_len = (n); i < i##_len; ++i)
#define RREP(i, n) for (int i = (n)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define ALL(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end()

using namespace std;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using i64 = int64_t;

constexpr int INF = 1 << 30;
constexpr int MOD = 1000000007;

template <typename T>
void print(vector<T> &v) {
  REP(i, v.size()) {
    if (i) cout << " ";
    cout << v[i];
  }
  cout << endl;
}

enum Color { White, Black };

int prim(vector<vi> &M) {
  auto n = M.size();
  vi d(n, INF), p(n, -1);
  vector<Color> color(n, White);
  d[0] = 0;
  while (true) {
    auto minv = INF;
    auto u = -1;
    REP(i, n) {
      if (color[i] == White && d[i] < minv) {
        minv = d[i];
        u = i;
      }
    }
    if (u == -1) break;
    color[u] = Black;
    REP(i, n) {
      if (color[i] == White && M[u][i] != INF && M[u][i] < d[i]) {
        d[i] = M[u][i];
        p[i] = u;
      }
    }
  }
  int sum = 0;
  REP(i, n) if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
  return sum;
}

int main() {
  int n, e;
  cin >> n;
  vector<vi> M(n, vi(n, 0));
  REP(i, n) {
    REP(j, n) {
      cin >> e;
      M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INF : e;
    }
  }

  auto ans = prim(M);
  cout << ans << endl;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
#define MAX_N (105)
#define INF (10000)
int n;
int G[MAX_N][MAX_N];
bool MST[MAX_N];
int DIST[MAX_N];		// MST??¨????????¢
int NEIGH[MAX_N];		// ??£??????

int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
	    int d;
	    scanf("%d", &d);
	    G[i][j] = ( d == -1 ) ? INF : d;
	}
    }

    int r = 0;
    int size_mst = 1;

    MST[r] = true;
    
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	if ( i == r ) continue;
	DIST[i] = G[r][i];
	NEIGH[i] = r;
    }

    int ans = 0;

    while ( size_mst < n ) {
	int u = 0;
	int min_dist = INF;
	// ????°????????????¢???
	for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	    if ( !MST[i] ) {
		if ( DIST[i] < min_dist ) {
		    u = i;
		    min_dist = DIST[i];
		}
	    }
	}

	ans += min_dist;
	
	MST[u] = true;
	size_mst++;

	// MST??¨????????¢?????´??°
	for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	    if ( !MST[i] ) {
		if ( G[u][i] < DIST[i] ) {
		    DIST[i] = G[u][i];
		    NEIGH[i] = u;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

    printf("%d\n", ans);

    return 0;
}