Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INF = (1<<21);
int color[MAX] = {0};
int M[MAX][MAX];
int d[MAX];

void prim(int n) {
    d[0] = 0;
    int minconst = INF, u, i;
    for ( i = 1; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = INF;

    while(1) {
        minconst = INF;
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
        {
            if ( color[i] != 1 && minconst > d[i] ) {
                minconst = d[i];
                u = i;
            }
        }

        if ( minconst == INF )
            break;

        color[u] = 1;

        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
            if ( color[i] != 1 && M[u][i] != -1 ) {
                if ( M[u][i] < d[i] ) d[i] = M[u][i];
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int n, i, j;

    cin >> n;
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
            cin >> M[i][j];
        }
    }

    prim(n);

    int sum = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        sum += d[i];
    }
    cout << sum << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
	int u, minv;
	int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		d[i] = INFTY;
		p[i] = -1;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}

	d[0] = 0;

	while (1) {
		minv = INFTY;
		u = -1;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			}
		}
		if (u == -1) break;
		color[u] = BLACK;
		for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
			if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY) {
				if (d[v] > M[u][v]) {
					d[v] = M[u][v];
					p[v] = u;
					color[v] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
	}

	return sum;
}




int main() {
	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			int e; cin >> e;
			M[i][j] = ((e == -1) ? INFTY : e);
		}
	}

	cout << prim() << endl;

	return 0;
}