Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<bits//stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef pair< int, int > Pi;
const int INF = 1 << 30;
struct edge: vector< Pi > {
  void add_edge(int to, int cost){
    push_back(Pi(to,cost));
  }
} info[100000];
int hoge[100000];
void bfs(const int& st, const int& V){
  fill_n( hoge, V, INF);
  queue< int > que;que.push(st);
  hoge[st] = 0;
  while(!que.empty()){
    int p = que.front();
    que.pop();
    for(int i = 0 ; i < info[p].size() ; i++){
      int cost = info[p][i].second;
      int to = info[p][i].first;
      if( cost + hoge[p] < hoge[to]){
        que.push(to);
        hoge[to] = cost + hoge[p];
      }
    }
  }
}
int main(){
  int N;
  scanf("%d", &N);
  for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
    int u, k;
    scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
    u--;
    while(k--){
      int v;
      scanf("%d", &v);
      info[u].add_edge( v - 1, 1);
    }
  }
  bfs(0, N);
  for(int i = 0 ; i < N ; i++ ){
    printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, hoge[i]==INF?-1:hoge[i]);
  }
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
#define MAX_N 110

int n,time,head,tail;
int *queue;
int *dist;
int *color;
int **matrix;

void enqueue(int);
int dequeue(void);
void bfs(void);

int main(){
  int i,j,u,k,v;

  scanf("%d",&n);

  queue = malloc(MAX_N * sizeof(int));
  color = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
  dist = malloc(n * sizeof(int));

  matrix = malloc(n * sizeof(int *));
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    matrix[i] = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   dist[i] = -1;
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++){
     matrix[i][j] = 0;
   }
 }

 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    scanf("%d",&u); u--;
    scanf("%d",&k);
    for(j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      scanf("%d",&v); v--;
      matrix[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs();
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    printf("%d %d\n",i+1,dist[i]);
  }

  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    free(matrix[i]);
  }
  free(matrix);
  free(queue);
  free(dist);
  free(color);
  return 0;
}

void bfs(){
  int u,i;

  head = tail = 0;
  color[0] = GRAY;
  dist[0] = 0;
  enqueue(0);

  while(head != tail){
    u = dequeue();
    for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
      if(matrix[u][i] == 1 && color[i] == WHITE){
        color[i] = GRAY;
        dist[i] = dist[u] + 1;
        enqueue(i);
      }
    }
    color[u] = BLACK;
  }
}

void enqueue(int q){
  queue[tail] = q;
  if(++tail == MAX_N+1) tail = 0;
}

int dequeue(){
  int v = queue[head];
  if(++head == MAX_N+1) head = 0;
  return v;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

queue<pair<int,int> > qu;
vector<int> v[111];
int root;
int b;
int d[111];
pair<int, int> pa;
int g;

void wide(int num){

  memset(d,-1,sizeof(d));
  d[num] = 0;
  qu.push(make_pair(num,d[1]));

  while(!qu.empty()){

    pa = qu.front();
    qu.pop();
    int id = pa.first;

    for(int i = 0; i < (int)v[id].size(); i++){
      if(d[v[id][i]] == -1){
	d[v[id][i]] = pa.second + 1;
	qu.push(make_pair(v[id][i],d[v[id][i]]));
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= g; i++){
    cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }

}

int main(){

 
  cin >> g;
  int n;
  for(int i = 0; i < g; i++){
    cin >> n >> b;
    for(int j = 0; j < b; j++){
      cin >> root;
      v[n].push_back(root);
      v[root].push_back(n);
    }
  }

  wide(1);

}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int maxx=105;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
int graph[maxx][maxx];
int color[maxx];
int n;

int d[maxx];//通过距离管理访问状态
 
void bfs(int u)
{
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(u);
	
	int s;
	 
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		d[i]=INFTY;
	}
	d[u]=0; 
	while(!q.empty())
	{
		s=q.front();
		q.pop();
		for(int v=0;v<n;v++)
		{
			if(graph[s][v]==0)
				continue;
			if(d[v]!=INFTY)
				continue;
			d[v]=d[s]+1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		cout<<i+1<<" "<<(d[i]==INFTY?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
	}	
}
int main()
{
	cin>>n;
	int i,j;
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		for(j=0;j<n;j++)
			graph[i][j]=0;
	}
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		int index,nn;
		cin>>index>>nn;
		for(j=0;j<nn;j++)
		{
			int ee;
			cin>>ee;
			graph[index-1][ee-1]=1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define N 101
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

int Q[N], M[N][N], color[N], d[N], f = 1, c = 1;

void Enqueue(int n) {
  Q[f] = n;
  f++;
  if ( f == N ) f = 1;
}

int Dequeue() {
  int x = c;
  c++;
  if ( c == N ) c = 1;
  return Q[x];
}

void BFS ( int s ) {
  int u;
  for ( int i = 1; i <= N; i++ ) {
    color[i] = WHITE;
    d[i] = -1;
  }
  color[s] = GRAY;
  d[s] = 0;
  Enqueue(s);
  while(f!=c ) {
    u = Dequeue();
    for ( int i = 1; i <= N; i++ ) {
      if ( color[i] == WHITE && M[u][i] == 1 ) {
	color[i] = GRAY;
	d[i] = d[u] + 1;
	Enqueue(i);
      }
    }
    color[u] = BLACK;
  }
}

int main() {
  int n,u,k,v;
  for ( int i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
    for ( int j = 1; j < N; j++ ) {
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  cin >> n;
  for ( int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    for ( int j = 0; j < k; j++ ) {
      cin >> v;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
  BFS(1);
  for ( int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
    cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}