Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)

	paths[1] = 1
	d := 2
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()

		pushed := false
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
				pushed = true
			}
		}
		if pushed {
			d += 1
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: /*
** BFS
*/

# include <cstdio>
# include <cstring>
# include <queue>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 100 + 2;
int n, g[MAX][MAX], d[MAX], c[MAX];

void init() {
    scanf("%d", &n);
    memset(g, 0, sizeof(g));
    memset(c, 0, sizeof(c));

    int u, v, k;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        d[i] = -1;
        scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
        while (k--) {
            scanf("%d", &v);
            g[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
}

void bfs() {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(1);
    c[1] = 1;
    d[1] = 0;

    while (!q.empty()) {
        int v = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            if (g[v][i] == 1 && c[i] == 0) {
                q.push(i);
                c[i] = 1;
                d[i] = d[v] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

void solve() {
    init();
    bfs();
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
    }
}

int main() {
    // freopen("infile", "r", stdin);
    // freopen("outfile", "w", stdout);
    solve();
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
using namespace std;

int n, M[N][N],d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)d[i] = INFTY;
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		u = q.front(); q.pop();
		for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
			if (M[u][v] == 0) continue;
			if (d[v] != INFTY)continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " "<<((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	int u, k, v;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			M[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(0);

    return 0;
}

C++: #pragma GCC optimize("O3") //コンパイラ最適化用

#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG //配列に[]でアクセス時のエラー表示
#include <algorithm>   //sort,二分探索,など
#include <bitset>      //固定長bit集合
#include <chrono>      //実行時間計測
#include <cmath>       //pow,logなど
#include <complex>     //複素数
#include <deque>       //両端アクセスのキュー
#include <functional>  //sortのgreater
#include <iomanip>     //setprecision(浮動小数点の出力の誤差)
#include <iostream>    //入出力
#include <iterator>    //集合演算(積集合,和集合,差集合など)
#include <map>         //map(辞書)
#include <numeric>     //iota(整数列の生成),gcdとlcm,accumulate
#include <queue>       //キュー
#include <set>         //集合（順序保持）
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility> //pair
#include <vector>  //可変長配列
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;

#define REP(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < ll(n); i++)
#define REPD(i, n) for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = a; i < ll(b); i++)
#define FORD(i, a, b) for (int i = a; i > ll(b); i--)
// xにはvectorなどのコンテナ
#define ALL(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define SIZE(x) ll(x.size()) // sizeをsize_tからllに直しておく
const long long INF = 1e12;
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
#define MAXR 100000 // 10^5:配列の最大のrange(素数列挙などで使用)
//略記
#define Umap unordered_map
#define Uset unordered_set
#define int long long
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_0 = (1 << 0); // 0000 0000 0000 0001
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_1 = (1 << 1); // 0000 0000 0000 0010
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_2 = (1 << 2); // 0000 0000 0000 0100
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_3 = (1 << 3); // 0000 0000 0000 1000
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_4 = (1 << 4); // 0000 0000 0001 0000
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_5 = (1 << 5); // 0000 0000 0010 0000
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_6 = (1 << 6); // 0000 0000 0100 0000
const unsigned int BIT_FLAG_7 = (1 << 7); // 0000 0000 1000 0000

// https://qiita.com/Lily0727K/items/06cb1d6da8a436369eed#c%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9F%E8%A3%85
void print() { cout << endl; }

template <class Head, class... Tail> void print(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) {
    cout << head;
    if (sizeof...(tail) != 0)
        cout << " ";
    print(forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}

template <class T> void print(vector<T> &vec) {
    for (auto &a : vec) {
        cout << a;
        if (&a != &vec.back())
            cout << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

template <class T> void print(vector<vector<T>> &df) {
    for (auto &vec : df) {
        print(vec);
    }
}

void add(long long &a, long long b) {
    a += b;
    if (a >= MOD)
        a -= MOD;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
    if (a > b) {
        a = b;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
template <class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
    if (a < b) {
        a = b;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;

signed main() {
    // 頂点数と辺数
    int N;
    cin >> N;

    // グラフ入力受取 (ここでは無向グラフを想定)
    Graph G(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        REP(i, k) {
            int node;
            cin >> node;
            node--;
            G[u].push_back(node);
        }
    }

    // BFS のためのデータ構造
    vector<int> dist(N, -1); // 全頂点を「未訪問」に初期化
    queue<int> q;

    // 初期条件 (頂点 0 を初期ノードとする)
    dist[0] = 0;
    q.push(0); // 0 を橙色頂点にする

    // BFS 開始 (キューが空になるまで探索を行う)
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int v = q.front(); // キューから先頭頂点を取り出す
        q.pop();

        // v から辿れる頂点をすべて調べる
        for (int nv : G[v]) {
            if (dist[nv] != -1)
                continue; // すでに発見済みの頂点は探索しない

            // 新たな白色頂点 nv について距離情報を更新してキューに追加する
            dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
            q.push(nv);
        }
    }

    // 結果出力 (各頂点の頂点 0 からの距離を見る)
    for (int v = 0; v < N; ++v)
        cout << v + 1 << " " << dist[v] << endl;
}

C++: //さっさと済ませられるところはさっさと済ましてしまう．ただし注意深く
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define MAX_VERTEXES 100
#define ZERO 0
#define NIL -1

using namespace std;

//think easy make easy

int n;//num of vertexes(頂点)
int matrix_graph[MAX_VERTEXES+1+1][MAX_VERTEXES+1+1];//1オリジン
int min_path[MAX_VERTEXES+1+1];


int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);

	int v_num;
	int k;//v_numの出次数

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			matrix_graph[i][j] = ZERO;
		}
	}

	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		scanf("%d",&v_num);
		scanf("%d",&k);

		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			int v_num2;
			scanf("%d",&v_num2);
			matrix_graph[v_num][v_num2] = 1;
		}
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		min_path[i] = NIL;
	}
	min_path[1] = 0;

	int s = 1;
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(1);
	while(!q.empty()){
		s = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
			if(min_path[i] == NIL && matrix_graph[s][i] == 1){
				q.push(i);
				min_path[i] = min_path[s] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		cout <<i <<" " <<min_path[i] <<endl;
	}
	cout <<endl;

	return 0;
}