Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type vertexId int

type vertex struct {
	id vertexId
	visitedAt int
	adjs []vertexId
}

func createVertex(id int, adjsInt []int) vertex {
	adjs := make([]vertexId, len(adjsInt))
	for i := 0; i < len(adjs); i++ {
		adjs[i] = vertexId(adjsInt[i])
	}
	return vertex{
		id: vertexId(id),
		visitedAt: -1,
		adjs: adjs,
	}
}

func (v *vertex) isVisited() bool {
	return v.visitedAt >= 0
}

func bfs(id vertexId, vqueue []vertexId, vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[id-1]
	for _, vid := range vertex.adjs {
		if !vertices[vid-1].isVisited() {
			(&vertices[vid-1]).visitedAt = vertex.visitedAt+1
			vqueue = append(vqueue, vid)
		}
	}
	if len(vqueue) > 0 {
		nextId := vqueue[0]
		nextVqueue := vqueue[1:]
		bfs(nextId, nextVqueue, vertices)
	}
}

func solveBfs(vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[0]
	vertex.visitedAt = 0
	vqueue := make([]vertexId, 0)
	bfs(vertex.id, vqueue, vertices)
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	vertices := make([]vertex, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		id, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjN, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjs := make([]int, adjN)
		for j := 0; j < adjN; j++ {
			adjId, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjs[j] = adjId
		}
		vertices[i] = createVertex(id, adjs)
	}

	solveBfs(vertices)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", vertices[i].id, vertices[i].visitedAt)
	}
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100
#define INFTY (1 << 21)
#define White 0
#define Gray 1
#define Black 2
void bfs(void);
void enqueue(int);
int dequeue();
int isEmpty();
int n,M[MAX][MAX];
int head=0,tail=0,Q[MAX];
int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  int i,j;
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    scanf("%d%d",&u,&k);
    for(j = 0; j < k; j++){
      scanf("%d",&v);
      M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
    }
  }
  bfs();

  return 0;
}

void bfs(){
  int color[MAX];
  int d[MAX];
  int i,v;
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    color[i] = White;
    d[i] = INFTY;
  }
  color[0] = Gray;
  d[0] = 0;
  enqueue(0);

  while(!isEmpty()){
    int u;
    u = dequeue();
    for(v = 0; v < n; v++){
      if(M[u][v] && color[v] == White){
        color[v] = Gray;
        d[v] = d[u] + 1;
        enqueue(v);
      }
    }
    color[u] = Black;
  }
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d %d\n",i+1,d[i]);
}

void enqueue(int x){
  Q[tail] = x;
  if(tail + 1 == MAX)tail = 0;
  else tail++;
}

int dequeue(){
  int x;
  x = Q[head];
  if(head + 1 == MAX) head = 0;
  else head++;
  return x;
}

 int isEmpty(){
   if(head == tail) return 1;
   else return 0;
 }

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define REP(i,n) for (int i = 0; i <(n); ++i)
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21); //十分に大きな数

int M[N][N];
int n;
int d[N]; //距離で訪問状態　color を管理する

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);


  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;

  //sに隣接の値をキューに入れる
  int u;
  while ( !q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
      if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);

    }
  }

  for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }

}

int main() {
  int u, k, v;
  cin >> n;

//グラフの初期化
  REP(i,n){
    REP(j,n){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  //行列の作成
  REP(i,n){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    REP(j,k){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

const int INF = 100000000;

int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<int>> node(n+1);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		int u,k,tmp;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			cin >> tmp;
			node[u].push_back(tmp);
		}
	}
	
	//search
	vector<int> res(n+1,INF);
	queue<int> que;
	queue<int> copied;
	queue<int> zeros;
	que.push(1);
	
	int count = 0;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		while(que.size()){
			int k = que.front(); que.pop();
			//cout << "-> " << k << endl;
			if(res[k] >= INF) res[k] = count;
			for(int v:node[k]){
				if(res[v] >= INF) copied.push(v);
			}
		}
		count++;
		que = queue<int>(copied);
		copied = queue<int>(zeros);
	}

	//output
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		if(res[i] >= INF) res[i] = -1;
		cout << i << " " << res[i] << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 100;
int n;
int G[MAX + 1][MAX + 1];
int states[MAX + 1];
int d[MAX + 1];
queue<int> Q;

void bfs(int id) {
  d[id] = 0;
  states[id] = 1;
  Q.push(id);

  while (!Q.empty()) {
    id = Q.front(); Q.pop();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (G[id][i] == 1 && states[i] == 0) {
        Q.push(i);
        states[i] = 1;
        d[i] = d[id] + 1;
      }
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  cin >> n;

  int u, v, k;

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    d[i] = -1;
    states[i] = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      G[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    if (k > 0) {
      for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
        cin >> v;
        G[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];  // 距離で訪問状態（color）を管理する

void bfs(int s) {
  queue<int> q;  // 標準ライブラリの queue を使用
  q.push(s);
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while ( !q.empty() ) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for ( int v = 0; v < n; v++ ) {
      if ( M[u][v] == 0 ) continue;
      if ( d[v] != INFTY ) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )
    cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
}

int main() {
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )
    for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) M[i][j] = 0;

  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for ( int j = 0; j < k; j++ ) {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_N = 100;

int A[MAX_N+1][MAX_N+1];
int D[MAX_N+1];
int N;

void solve() {
  int d;
  queue<int> Q;

  Q.push(1);
  D[1] = d = 0;

  while (!Q.empty()) {
    int c = Q.front(); Q.pop();

    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
      if (A[c][i] == 1 && D[i] == -1) {
        D[i] = D[c]+1;
        Q.push(i);
      }
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  cin >> N;

  for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
    for (int j = 1; j <= N; j++) {
      A[i][j] = 0;
    }
    D[i] = -1;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    int u, k; cin >> u >> k;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      int t; cin >> t;
      A[u][t] = 1;
    }
  }

  solve();

  for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
    cout << i << ' ' << D[i] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}