Go: package main

import "fmt"

type container struct {
	data []int
}

func (c *container) queue(v int) {
	c.data = append(c.data, v)
}
func (c *container) dequeue(p *int) bool {
	if p == nil || len(c.data) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	*p = c.data[0]
	c.data = c.data[1:len(c.data)]
	return true
}

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	g := make([][]int, n+1) // 1-indexed
	d := make([]int, n+1)   // 1-indexed
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		d[i] = -1
		var u, k, v int
		fmt.Scan(&u, &k)
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			fmt.Scan(&v)
			g[u] = append(g[u], v)
		}
	}

	var q container
	d[1] = 0
	q.queue(1)

for len(q.data) > 0  { // 幅優先探索
		var v int
		q.dequeue(&v)
		for i := 0; i < len(g[v]); i++ {
			nv := g[v][i]
		if d[nv] == -1 { // 未訪問
				q.queue(nv)
				d[nv] = d[v] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i])
	}
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct node_t {
    int key;
    struct node_t *next;
};
typedef struct node_t Node;

Node *enqueue(Node *node, int key) {
  Node *p, *q;

  if (node == NULL) {
    node = malloc(sizeof(Node));
    node->key = key;
    node->next = NULL;
    return node;
  }

  for (p = node; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
    q = p;
  }
  q->next = malloc(sizeof(Node));
  q->next->key = key;
  q->next->next = NULL;
  return node;
}

Node *dequeue(Node *node, int *key) {
  Node *p;

  if (node != NULL) {
    *key = node->key;
    p = node->next;
    free(node);
        return p;
  }
  return NULL;
}

int main(void) {
  int num, i, j, k, u;
  int way[101][101] = {{0}};
  int d[101];
  Node *q = NULL;

  scanf("%d", &num);
  for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
    scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
    for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      scanf("%d", &way[u-1][j]);
    }
  }

  d[0] = 0;
  for (i = 1; i < num; i++) {
    d[i] = -1;
  }
  q = enqueue(q, 0);

  while (q != NULL) {
    q = dequeue(q, &u);
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      k = way[u][i] - 1;
      if (d[k] < 0) {
    d[k] = d[u] + 1;
    q = enqueue(q, k);
      }
    }
  }

  for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
    printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
intd  d[N];

void bfs(int s)  {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for (int i = 0; i< n; i++)  {
    d[i] = INFTY;
  }
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while (!q.empty())  {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++)  {
      if (M[u][v] == 0)
        continue;
      if (d[v] != INFTY)
        continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
  }
}

int main() {
  int u, k, v;
  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)  {
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)  {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

const int N = 100;


int main() {
    int A[N][N] = {{0}};

    int n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int u;
        cin >> u;

        int k;
        cin >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            int x;
            cin >> x;
            A[u-1][x-1] = 1;
        }
    }

    vector<int> d(n, -1);
    using int_pair = pair<int, int>;
    queue<int_pair> Q;
    Q.push(int_pair(0, 0));
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        auto p = Q.front();
        Q.pop();

        int k = p.first;
        int t = p.second;
        if (d[k] > t)
            continue;

        if (d[k] == -1) {
            d[k] = t;
        } else {
            d[k] = min(d[k], t);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (A[k][i] != 0)
                Q.push(int_pair(i, t + 1));
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;

int main() {
    // 頂点数と辺数
    int N ; cin >>N;

    // グラフ入力受取
    Graph G(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N ;i++) {
        int a, b; cin >> a >> b;
        for(int j=0;j<b;j++) {
          int c; cin >>c;
          G[a-1].push_back(c-1);
        }
    }
     // BFS のためのデータ構造
    vector<int> dist(N, -1); // 全頂点を「未訪問」に初期化
    queue<int> que;

    // 初期条件 (頂点 0 を初期ノードとする)
    dist[0] = 0;
    que.push(0); // 0 を橙色頂点にする

    // BFS 開始 (キューが空になるまで探索を行う)
    while (!que.empty()) {
        int v = que.front(); // キューから先頭頂点を取り出す
        que.pop();

        // v から辿れる頂点をすべて調べる
        for (int nv : G[v]) {
            if (dist[nv] != -1) continue; // すでに発見済みの頂点は探索しない

            // 新たな白色頂点 nv について距離情報を更新してキューに追加する
            dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
            que.push(nv);
        }
    }

    // 結果出力 (各頂点の頂点 0 からの距離を見る)
    for (int v = 0; v < N; ++v) cout << v+1 << " " << dist[v] << endl;
}

C++: #include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int N;
int D[100+10] = {};
int U = 0;
int K[100+10] = {0};
int V = -1;
int G[100+10][100+10] = {0};



void bfs(int src){
  //cerr << "bfs root = " << src << endl;
  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(src);
  D[src] = 0;
  while (! Q.empty()){
    int cur = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    //cerr << "visiting " << cur << " " << D[cur] << endl;
    for(int dst=1;dst<=N;++dst){
      if(D[dst] == -1 && G[cur][dst] == 1){
	D[dst] = D[cur]+1;
	Q.push(dst);
      }
    }
  }
}

int main(){
  cin >> N;
  for(int i=0;i<101;++i){
    D[i] = -1;//?????????
  }

  for(int i=0;i<N;++i){
    cin >> U;
    cin >> K[U];
    for(int j=0;j<K[U];++j){
      cin >> V;
      G[U][V] = 1;
    }
  }
  /*
  for(int j=1;j<=N;++j){
    for(int i=1;i<=N;++i){
      cout << G[i][j] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
   }
*/

  bfs(1);
  
  for(int i=1;i<=N;++i){
    cout << i << " " << D[i] << endl;
  }

}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int>q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i]=INFTY;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<( (d[i]==INFTY) ? (-1):d[i] ) << endl;
  }
}
int main(){
  int u,k,v;

  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++)M[i][j]=0;
  }

 for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
 bfs(0);
	
  return	 0;

}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int,int> P;
int n;
int a[105][105];
int d[105];
void bfs(int x){
  d[x]=0;
  queue<P > q;
  int y=x;
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    if(a[y][i])q.push(P(i,d[y]+1));
  }
  while(!q.empty()){
    P p=q.front();q.pop();
    y=p.first;
    if(d[y]!=-1)continue;
    d[y]=p.second;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
      if(a[y][i])q.push(P(i,d[y]+1));
    }
  }
}
int main(){
  for(int i=0;i<105;i++){
    d[i]=-1;
  }
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    int u,m;
    cin >> u >> m;
    for(int j=0;j<m;j++){
      int v;
      cin >> v;
      a[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(1);
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    cout << i<< " " <<d[i] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}