Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

// I/O
type Scanner struct {
	sc *bufio.Scanner
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+9))
	return &Scanner{sc}
}

func (s *Scanner) nextStr() string {
	s.sc.Scan()
	return s.sc.Text()
}

func (s *Scanner) nextInt() int {
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(s.nextStr())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloat() float64 {
	f, e := strconv.ParseFloat(s.nextStr(), 64)
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return f
}

func (s *Scanner) nextRuneSlice() []rune {
	return []rune(s.nextStr())
}

func (s *Scanner) nextIntSlice(n int) []int {
	res := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextInt()
	}
	return res
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloatSlice(n int) []float64 {
	res := make([]float64, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextFloat()
	}
	return res
}

// Arithmetic
func max(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m < i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func min(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m > i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x > 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func pow(x, y int) int {
	res := 1
	for i := 0; i < y; i++ {
		res *= x
	}
	return res
}

func ceil(a, b int) int {
	if a%b == 0 {
		return a / b
	} else {
		return a/b + 1
	}
}

// Sort
type RuneSlice []rune

func (a RuneSlice) Len() int           { return len(a) }
func (a RuneSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i] < a[j] }
func (a RuneSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }

// Main
type Queue struct {
	arr []int
}

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	q.arr = append(q.arr, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	res := q.arr[0]
	q.arr = q.arr[1:]
	return res
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return len(q.arr) == 0
}

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	wtr := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	N := sc.nextInt()
	G := make([][]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		u, k := sc.nextInt()-1, sc.nextInt()
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			G[u] = append(G[u], sc.nextInt()-1)
		}
	}
	var q Queue
	seen := make([]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		seen[i] = -1
	}
	var search func(cur int)
	search = func(cur int) {
		for i := 0; i < len(G[cur]); i++ {
			next := G[cur][i]
			if seen[next] == -1 {
				q.push(next)
				seen[next] = seen[cur] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	q.push(0)
	seen[0] = 0
	for !q.isEmpty() {
		search(q.pop())
	}

	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(wtr, i+1, seen[i])
	}
	wtr.Flush()
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int,int> P;
typedef long long ll;
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0;}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0;}

int n;
vector<vector<int> >g;
int dist[110];
void bfs(int u) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(u);
    rep(i,n) dist[i] = -1;
    dist[u] = 0;
    while(!q.empty()) {
        int v = q.front();q.pop();
        for(int i = 0;i<g[v].size();i++) {
            int nv = g[v][i];
            if(dist[nv] == -1) {
                q.push(nv);
                dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
            }               
        }
    }
}
int main() {
    cin >> n;
    g.assign(n,vector<int>());
    rep(i,n) {
        int u,k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        rep(j,k) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    rep(i,n) cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

struct Node{
  int p[100]={0}, d=-1, c[100], c_n;
};

Node nodes[101];

void search(int x){
    for(int i=0;i<nodes[x].c_n;++i){
        if(nodes[nodes[x].c[i]].d > nodes[x].d + 1 || nodes[nodes[x].c[i]].d == -1){
            nodes[nodes[x].c[i]].d = nodes[x].d + 1;
        }
    }
    
    for(int i=0;i<nodes[x].c_n;++i){
        if(nodes[nodes[x].c[i]].d == nodes[x].d + 1){
            search(nodes[x].c[i]);
        }
    }
    return;
}

int main(){
    int n, num, child;
    cin >> n;
    
    
    
    for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){
        cin >> num;
        
        if(num == 1){
            nodes[num].d=0;
        }
        
        cin >> nodes[num].c_n;
        for(int j=0;j<nodes[num].c_n;++j){
            cin >> nodes[num].c[j];
        }
    }
    
    search(1);
    
    for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){
        cout << i << " " << nodes[i].d << endl;
    }
    
    
    return 0;
}

C++: // http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_B

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>

typedef long long ll;
const long double PI = (acos(-1));
const long long MOD = 1000000007;
#define rep(i,n) REP(i,0,n)
#define REP(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<n;++i)

using namespace std;

// change min/max
template<class T> inline bool chMin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chMax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }

template<class T> void output(std::vector<T> & A) {
    const int n = A.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
        std::cout << A[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << A[n - 1] << std::endl;
}

const int WHITE = 0;
const int GRAY = 1;
const int BLACK = 2;
vector<vector<int>> M;
vector<int> colour, d;
int tt = 0;
queue<int> que;

void bfs(int u) {
    que.push(u);
    colour[u] = GRAY;

    while (!que.empty()) {
        const int v = que.front(); que.pop();
        for (int s : M[v]) {
            if (colour[s] == WHITE) {
                que.push(s);
                d[s] = d[v] + 1;
                colour[s] = GRAY;
            }
        }
        colour[v] = BLACK;
    }
}

int main() {
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    std::cin.tie(0);
    std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(15);

    // populate M
    int n; cin >> n;
    M = vector<vector<int>>(n);
    colour = vector<int>(n, 0);
    d = vector<int>(n, -1);

    rep(i, n) {
        int from; cin >> from; --from;
        int m; cin >> m;
        rep(j, m) {
            int to; cin >> to; --to;
            M[from].push_back(to);
            // M[to].push_back(from);
        }
    }

    // bfs
    d[0] = 0;
    bfs(0);

    rep(i, n) {
        cout << (i + 1) << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

int n;
int u[10010], k[10010],  v[10010][10010];
int answer[10010][10010];

int D[10010];
void bfs(int src){
	//cerr << "bfs root = " << src << endl;
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	D[src] = 0;
	//int cnt = 0;
	while(! Q.empty()){
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		//cerr << "visiting " << cur << " " << D[cur] << endl;
		
		for(int dst = 0; dst < 1001; ++dst){
			if(answer[cur - 1][dst - 1] == 1 && D[dst] > 10000){
				D[dst] = D[cur] + 1; 
				Q.push(dst);
			}
		}

	}
	for(int i = 1; i  < n + 1; ++i ){
		if(D[i] < 10000){
			cout << i << " " <<  D[i] << endl;
		}else{
			cout << i << " " << -1 << endl;
		}
	}

	
}

int main(){
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < 1001; ++i){
		for(int j = 0; j < 1001; ++j)
			answer[i][j] = 0;
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < 10010; ++i){
		D[i] = 10010;
	}

	
	
	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
		cin >> u[i] >> k[i];
		for(int j = 0; j < k[i]; ++j){
			cin >> v[i][j];
			answer[u[i] - 1][v[i][j] - 1] = 1;
		} 
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
		for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j){
			//cout << answer[i][j] << " ";
		} 
		//cout << endl;
	}
	bfs(1);
}