Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"container/heap"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Node struct {
	id     int
	weight int
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

type NodeHeap []Node

func (h NodeHeap) Len() int           { return len(h) }
func (h NodeHeap) Less(i, j int) bool { return h[i].weight < h[j].weight }
func (h NodeHeap) Swap(i, j int)      { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] }

func (h *NodeHeap) Push(x interface{}) {
	*h = append(*h, x.(Node))
}

func (h *NodeHeap) Pop() interface{} {
	old := *h
	n := len(old)
	x := old[n-1]
	*h = old[0 : n-1]
	return x
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func scanInt() int {
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanString())
	return num
}

func scanString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

func main() {
	n := scanInt()

	list := make([][]int, n)
	seen := make([]bool, n)
	for i := range list {
		list[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := range list[i] {
			list[i][j] = scanInt()
		}
	}

	start := Node{id: 0, weight: 0}
	h := &NodeHeap{start}
	heap.Init(h)

	sum := 0
	for h.Len() > 0 {
		node := heap.Pop(h).(Node)
		if seen[node.id] {
			continue
		}
		seen[node.id] = true
		sum += node.weight

		for i, w := range list[node.id] {
			if w < 0 {
				continue
			}
			heap.Push(h, Node{id: i, weight: w})
		}
	}

	fmt.Println(sum)
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#define MAX 105
#define INF 1000000
using namespace std;

int n;
int M[MAX][MAX];
int d[MAX];
int p[MAX];
int color[MAX];//0 表示未进入 -1 表示在之中 1 表示已出去

int prim() {
	int u,min,i,j;
	d[0]=0;
	p[0]=-1;
	while(1) {
		min=INF;
		u=-1;
		for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
			if(min>d[i] && color[i]!=1) {
				u=i;
				min=d[i];
			}
		}
		if(u==-1) break;
		color[u]=1;
		for(j=0; j<n; j++) {
			if(color[j]!=1 && M[u][j]!=INF) {
				if(d[j]>M[u][j]) {
					d[j]=M[u][j];
					color[j]=-1;
					p[j]=u;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	int sum=0;
	for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
		if(p[i] != -1) sum+=M[i][p[i]];
	}
	return sum;
}

int main() {
	int i,j,a;
	memset(color,0,sizeof(color));
	memset(d,INF,sizeof(d));
	memset(p,-1,sizeof(p));
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
		for(j=0; j<n; j++) {
			scanf("%d",&a);
			if(a==-1) a=INF;
			M[i][j]=a;
		}
	}
	cout<<prim()<<endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

const int NIL = 2001;
const int MAX = 100;
int G[MAX][MAX];
int color[MAX];
int W[MAX];
int n;

const int WHITE = 0;
const int GRAY = 1;
const int BLACK = 2;

void MST() {
	priority_queue<pair<int, int>> PQ;
	PQ.push(make_pair(0, 0));
	W[0] = 0;
	color[0] = BLACK;
	while (!PQ.empty()) {
		int u = PQ.top().second;
		PQ.pop();
		color[u] = BLACK;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
			if (G[u][i] != -1 && G[u][i] < W[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
				PQ.push(make_pair(G[u][i] * -1, i));
				W[i] = G[u][i];
//				cout << u << ":" << i << ":" << G[u][i] << endl;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main() {

	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		W[i] = NIL;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
			int a;
			scanf("%d", &a);
			G[i][j] = a;
		}
	}

	MST();

	cout << endl;

	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
//		cout << i << ":" << W[i] << endl;
		sum += W[i];
	}
	cout << sum << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>

using namespace std;

const int N = 100;

/*
// ????????????
Vnew = {x}???????????§ x ??? V ????????§??????????????????????????????????????????
Enew = {}
while (Vnew ??? V)
    Vnew ????????????????????? u ??¨ ????????????????????? v ????????¶?????????????°??????? (u, v) ??? E ????????????
    v ??? Vnew ????????????
    (u, v) ??? Enew ????????????
*/

enum Color : int {
    WHITE,
    GRAY,
    BLACK,
};

int main() {
    int A[N][N];

    int n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            int a;
            cin >> a;
            A[i][j] = a == -1 ? a : numeric_limits<int>::max();
        }
    }

    vector<int> color(n, WHITE);
    vector<int> d(n, numeric_limits<int>::max());
    vector<int> p(n, -1);

    d[0] = 0;
    while (1) {
        int minv = numeric_limits<int>::min();
        int u = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if (u == -1)
            break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for (int v = 0; v < n; ++v) {
            if (color[v] != BLACK && A[u][v] != numeric_limits<int>::max()) {
                if (d[v] > A[u][v]) {
                    d[v] = A[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum;
    for (int i =0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (p[i] != -1)
            sum += A[i][p[i]];
    }
    cout << sum << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>

static const int MAX_NUM  = 101;
static const int NO_VISIT  = 0;
static const int NOW_VISIT = 1;
static const int END_VISIT = 2;

void MPT(int *pElem, int num)
{
    int i;
    int mincost;
    int target;
    int parent[MAX_NUM];
    int cost[MAX_NUM];
    int state[MAX_NUM] = {0};
    int *tmp;
    int total = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        parent[i] = -1;
        cost[i]   = 0x7FFFFFFF;
    }

    cost[0] = 0;

    for (;;) {
        mincost = 0x7FFFFFFF;
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            if ((state[i] != END_VISIT) && (mincost > cost[i])) {
                target  = i;
                mincost = cost[i];
            }
        }
        if (mincost == 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            break;
        }

        state[target] = END_VISIT;
        total += mincost;

        tmp = pElem + target * MAX_NUM;
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            if ((state[i] != END_VISIT) && (*(tmp + i) < cost[i])) {
                cost[i]   = *(tmp + i);
                parent[i] = target;
                state[i]  = NOW_VISIT;
            }
        }
    }

    printf("%d\n", total);

    return;
}

int main(void)
{
    int i, j;
    int num;
    int tmp;
    int elem[MAX_NUM][MAX_NUM];

    scanf("%d", &num);
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &tmp);
            elem[i][j] = (tmp != -1) ? tmp : 0x7FFFFFFF;
        }
    }

    MPT(&elem[0][0], num);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

static const int N=100;
static const int INF=100000;

int n;
int M[N][N];

//初期化
int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[N],p[N],color[N];
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INF;
    p[i]=-1;
    color[i]=0;
  }
  
  d[0]=0;
  
  while(1){
    minv=INF;
    u=-1;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(minv>d[i]&&color[i] != 2){
        u = i;
        minv = d[i];
      }
    }
    if(u == -1) break;
    color[u] = 2;
    
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(color[v] !=2 && M[u][v] != INF){
        if(d[v]>M[u][v]){
          d[v]=M[u][v];
          p[v]=u;
          color[v]=1;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  int sum=0;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i] !=-1 ) sum += M[i][p[i]];
  }
  return  sum;
}

int main(){
  int e; 
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      cin>>e;
      M[i][j]=(e== -1)? INF : e;
    }
  }
  
  cout<<prim()<<endl;
  return 0;
}