Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type color int

const (
	white color = iota // 未訪問
	mst                // MSTとして確定
)

// 頂点
type node struct {
	matrix   []int // 隣接行列
	minToMst int   // MSTへの重み最小値
	parent   int   // 最小値の相手
	color    color
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)

	nodes := make([]node, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		nodes[i].matrix = eAtoi((strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner))))
		nodes[i].parent = -1
		nodes[i].minToMst = math.MaxInt16
		nodes[i].color = white
	}

	// 初回はnode[0]がMSTに入るように,minToMstを設定
	nodes[0].minToMst = 0
	for { // 全部チェックするまで

		// どの頂点を新たにMSTに取り込むか
		min := math.MaxInt16
		u := -1
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if nodes[i].color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].minToMst < min {
				u = i
				min = nodes[i].minToMst
			}
		}

		if u == -1 {
			break
		}
		// MSTに追加する頂点決定
		nodes[u].color = mst

		// MSTに属していない頂点それぞれについて,MSTとの最小の重みを更新
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if nodes[i].color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].matrix[u] == -1 {
				// 接してない
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].matrix[u] < nodes[i].minToMst {
				// node[u]との重みが最小
				nodes[i].minToMst = nodes[i].matrix[u]
				nodes[i].parent = u
			}
		}
	}

	sum := 0
	for _, v := range nodes {
		// node[0]はparentが入っていない
		if v.parent != -1 {
			sum += v.matrix[v.parent]
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}

func eGetInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	t := eAtoi(strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner)))
	return t[0]
}

func eGetline(p *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if !p.Scan() {
		if err := p.Err(); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
		return ""
	}
	return p.Text()
}

func eAtoi(s []string) []int {
	ints := make([]int, len(s))
	var err error
	for i, e := range s {
		ints[i], err = strconv.Atoi(e)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
	}
	return ints
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  static const int MAX=100;
  static const int INF=(1<<21);
  static const int WHI=0;
  static const int GRA=1;
  static const int BLA=2;
  int n,M[MAX][MAX];
  int prim(){
    int u,minv;
    int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      d[i]=INF;
      p[i]=-1;
      color[i]=WHI;
    }
    
    d[0]=0;
    while(1){
      minv=INF;
      u=-1;
      for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	if(minv>d[i]&&color[i]!=BLA){
	  u=i;
	  minv=d[i];
	}
      }

      if(u==-1){
	break;
      }
      color[u]=BLA;

      for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	if(color[v]!=BLA&&M[u][v]!=INF){
	  if(M[u][v]<d[v]){
	    d[v]=M[u][v];
	    p[v]=u;
	    color[v]=GRA;
	  }

	}
      }
    }

    int sum=0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(p[i]!=-1){
	sum+=M[i][p[i]];
      }
    }
    return sum;
  }

  int main(){
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
	int e;
	cin>>e;
	if(e==-1){
	  M[i][j]=INF;
	}else{
	  M[i][j]=e;
	}
      }
    }
    
    cout<<prim()<<endl;
    return 0;
  }

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int P[10010];
void init(int N) {
	for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) P[i] = i;
}
int root(int a) {
	if (P[a] == a) return a;
	return P[a] = root(P[a]);
}
bool is_same_set(int a, int b) {
	return root(a) == root(b);
}
void unite(int a, int b) {
	P[root(a)] = root(b);
}

signed main() {
	int g;
	cin >> g;
	vector<pair<int, pair<int, int>>> a;
	int weight;

	init(g);

	for (int i = 0; i < g; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < g; ++j) {
			cin >> weight;
			if (i > j and weight != -1) {
				a.push_back(make_pair(weight, make_pair(i, j)));
			}
		}
	}

	sort(a.begin(), a.end());

	int ans = 0;

	for (auto e : a) {
		//cout << e.first << ' ' << e.second.first << ' ' << e.second.second << endl;
		if (!is_same_set(e.second.first, e.second.second)) {
			unite(e.second.first, e.second.second);
			ans += e.first;
		}
		else {
			continue;
		}
	}
	cout << ans << endl;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

struct edge{
	int u;	//?????????
	int v;	//??°??????
	int cost;	//??????
	//???????????????????????§?????§?°???¢????????????
	bool operator<(const edge& another) const {
			return cost < another.cost;
	}
};

const int MAX_N = 100;
const int MAX_M = 10000;

edge es[MAX_M];
int par[MAX_N];
int rank[MAX_N];

void initial(int n){		//?????????
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		par[i] = i;
		rank[i] = 0;
	}
}

int find(int x){		//??¨??????????±???????
	if(par[x] == x){
		return x;
	}else{
		return par[x] = find(par[x],par);
	}
}

void unite(int x,int y){	//x???????????¨??¨y???????????¨?????????
	x = find(x,par);	//x???????????¨??????????????????x??¨??????
	y = find(y,par);	//y???????????¨??????????????????y??¨??????
	if(x == y) return;
	if(rank[x] < rank[y]){
		par[x] = y;
	}else{
		par[y] = x;
		if(rank[x] == rank[y])
			rank[x]++;
	}
}

bool same(int x,int y){	//x,y???????????¨???????????§?????????
	return find(x,par) == find(y,par);
}

bool comp(const edge& e1,const edge& e2){
	return e1.cost < e2.cost;
}

int kruskal(int n,int m){
	initial(n,par,rank);
	int res = 0;
	for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
		edge e = es[i];
		if(!same(e.u,e.v,par)){
			unite(e.u,e.v,par,rank);
			res += e.cost;
		}
	}
	return res;
}

int main(){
	int n,m=0,k,l,x;
	cin >> n;	//????????°?????\???
	int cnt=0;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			cin >> x;
			if(x != -1){
				edge e;
				e.from = i; e.to = j; e.cost = x;
				es[m] = e;
				m++;
			}
		}
	}
	sort(es,es+m);
	cout << kruskal(n,m) << "\n";
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim() {
  int u, minv;
  // 重み、親、色
  int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    d[i] = INFTY;
    p[i] = -1;
    color[i]  = WHITE;
  }

  d[0] = 0;

  while (1) {
    minv = INFTY;
    u = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (color[i] != BLACK && d[i] < minv) {
        minv = d[i];
        u = i;
      }
    }

    if (u == -1) break;

    color[u] = BLACK;

    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY) {
        if (d[v] > M[u][v]) {
          d[v] = M[u][v];
          p[v] = u;
          color[v] = GRAY;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  int sum = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    sum += d[i];
  }

  return sum;
}

int main() {
  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      int e;
      cin >> e;
      M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
    }
  }
  cout << prim() << endl;
};

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int maxn=1<<21;
int n;
int a[105][105];
int color[105];
int d[105];
int p[105];
int f()
{
    int u;int minx;
    for(int i=0;i<105;i++)
    {
        d[i]=maxn;
        p[i]=-1;
    }
    d[0]=0;
    while(1)
    {
        minx=maxn;
        u=-1;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if(minx>d[i]&&color[i]==0)
            {
                u=i;
                minx=d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u==-1) break;
        color[u]=1;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if(color[i]==0&&a[u][i]!=maxn)
            {
                if(d[i]>a[u][i])
                {
                    d[i]=a[u][i];
                    p[i]=u;
                    color[i]=0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum=0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(p[i]!=-1) sum+=a[i][p[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}
int main()
{
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            int x;
            scanf("%d",&x);
            a[i][j]=(x==-1)?maxn:x;
        }
    }
    printf("%d\n",f());
    return 0;
}