Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

const (
	N     = 100
	INFTY = 1 << 21
)

type Graph struct {
	M [N][N]int
	d [N]int
}

func (g *Graph) bfs(s, n int) string {
	var q []int
	q = append(q, s) // push

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		g.d[i] = INFTY
	}
	g.d[s] = 0

	for len(q) != 0 {
		u := q[0]
		q = q[1:] // pop
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if g.M[u][v] == 0 || g.d[v] != INFTY {
				continue
			}
			g.d[v] = g.d[u] + 1
			q = append(q, v) // push
		}
	}

	var out bytes.Buffer
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		if g.d[i] == INFTY {
			out.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d -1\n", i+1))
			continue
		}
		out.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d %d\n", i+1, g.d[i]))
	}

	return strings.TrimRight(out.String(), "\n")
}

func answer(reader io.Reader) string {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	sc.Scan()
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())

	var g Graph
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		sc.Scan()
		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
		sc.Scan()
		k, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
		u--
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			sc.Scan()
			v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
			v--
			g.M[u][v] = 1
		}
	}

	return g.bfs(0, n)
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println(answer(os.Stdin))
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 100000000;
int n;
int a[100][100], d[100];

int dist(int id) {
	int t = 0;
	queue<int> pd;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		d[i] = INF;

	pd.push(1);
	d[0] = 0;

	while (pd.size()) {
		int id1 = pd.front();
		pd.pop();

		if (id1 == id)
			break;

		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (a[id1 - 1][i] && d[i] == INF) {
				pd.push(i + 1);
				d[i] = d[id1 - 1] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
	return d[id - 1];
}

int main()
{
	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k, v;
		cin >> u >> k;
		
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			a[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) {
		int dmin = dist(i);
		cout << i << " " << dmin << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main(){

  bool adj[100][100];
  int d[100];
  int n,u,v,k;

  cin >> n;
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    for (int j=0; j<k; j++){
      cin >> v;
      adj[u-1][v-1] = true;
    }
  }
  
  queue<int> q;
  bool pushed[100];
  q.push(1);
  pushed[1-1] = true;
  d[0] = 0;

  while(q.empty() == false){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++){
      if (adj[u-1][i]){
	if (pushed[i] != true){
	  d[i] = d[u-1] + 1;
	  q.push(i+1);
	  pushed[i] = true;
	}
      }
    }
  }
  
  cout << 1 << " " << 0 << endl;
  for (int i=1; i<n; i++){
    if (d[i] == 0)
      cout << i+1 << " " << -1 << endl;
    else
      cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;      
  }

}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <complex>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <utility>
#include <set>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int g[110][110];
    int i, j;
    int u, k, v;
    int dist[110];
    bool visited[110];
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        dist[i] = -1;
        for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
            g[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for(j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    queue<int> q1, q2;
    q1.push(0);
    
    for(i = 0; q1.size(); i++){
        while(!q1.empty()){
            int p = q1.front();
            q1.pop();
            
            if(visited[p]) continue;
            visited[p] = true;
            
            dist[p] = i;
            
            for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
                if(g[p][j]){
                    q2.push(j);
                }
            }
        }
        q1 = q2;
        while(!q2.empty()){
            q2.pop();
        }
    }
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, dist[i]);
    }
}

C++: /*
 * c.cc: 
 */

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<list>
#include<queue>
#include<deque>
#include<algorithm>
#include<numeric>
#include<utility>
#include<complex>
#include<functional>

using namespace std;

/* constant */

const int MAX_N = 100;
const int INF = 1 << 30;

/* typedef */

typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef queue<int> qi;

/* global variables */

vi nbrs[MAX_N];
int dists[MAX_N];

/* subroutines */

/* main */

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    int u, k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;

    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      int v;
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      nbrs[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) dists[i] = INF;
  dists[0] = 0;

  qi q;
  q.push(0);

  while (! q.empty()) {
    int u = q.front(); q.pop();

    int vd = dists[u] + 1;
    vi &nbru = nbrs[u];
    for (vi::iterator vit = nbru.begin(); vit != nbru.end(); vit++) {
      int &v = *vit;
      if (dists[v] > vd) {
	dists[v] = vd;
	q.push(v);
      }
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, (dists[i] >= INF) ? -1 : dists[i]);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX_N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, adj[MAX_N][MAX_N];
int d[MAX_N];

void dfs(int s){
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		d[i] = INFTY;
	}
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while(!q.empty()){
		u = q.front(); q.pop();
		for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
			if(adj[u][v] == 0) continue;
			if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]));
	}
}

int main(void){
	int u, k, v;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		scanf("%d", &u);
		u--;
		scanf("%d", &k);
		for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
			scanf("%d", &v);
			v--;
			adj[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}

	dfs(0);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;

    vector<vector<int>> edge(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            edge[i].push_back(--v);
        }
    }

    queue<int> q;
    vector <int> dist(n, n);
    dist[0] = 0;
    q.push(0);

    while (!q.empty()) {
        int cur = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int ch : edge[cur]) {
            if (dist[ch] > dist[cur] + 1) {
                dist[ch] = dist[cur] + 1;
                q.push(ch);
            }
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << ' ' << (dist[i] == n ? -1 : dist[i]) << '\n';
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

template<typename T>
vector<T> BFS(vector<vector<int>> &G, int s) {
    vector<T> ret(G.size(),-1);
    ret[s] = 0;
    queue<int> que;
    que.emplace(s);
    while (!que.empty()) {
        int v = que.front(); que.pop();
        for (auto nv : G[v]) {
            if (ret[nv] != -1) continue;
            ret[nv] = ret[v] + 1;
            que.emplace(nv);
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr);
    int N; cin >> N;
    vector<vector<int>> G(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        int u,k; cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            int v; cin >> v;
            --v;
            G[i].emplace_back(v);
        }
    }

    auto dist = BFS<int>(G,0);

    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
}

/*
  verified on 2020/02/18
  http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_C&lang=ja
*/