Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int G[110][110];
int N,num,lines,tar;
int D[1000];
int ret[1000];

void bfs(int src);

int main() {
	for (int i=0;i<110;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<110;j++) {
			G[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}
	for(int i=0;i<1000;i++) {
		D[i] = 100;
	}
	cin >> N;
	for(int i=0;i<N;i++) {
		cin >> num >> lines;
		for(int j=0;j<lines;j++) {
			cin >> tar;
			G[num][tar] = 1;
		}
	}
	/*
	for(int i=0;i<num+1;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<num+1;j++) {
			cout << G[i][j] << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	*/
	bfs(1);
	for(int i=1;i<num+1;i++) {
		if((ret[i] == 0) && (i>1)) ret[i] = -1;
		cout << i << " " << ret[i] << endl;
	}

}
void bfs(int src) {
	int cur,dst;
	//cerr << "bfs root = " << src << endl;
	queue<int> Q; // ??´??°????????????????????\????????????
	Q.push(src);
	D[src] = 0; // ?????????
	while (! Q.empty()) {
		int cur = Q.front(); // ??????????´????????????????
		Q.pop();
// ???????¢??????¨??¨???
		ret[cur] = D[cur];
		//cerr << cur << " " << D[cur] << endl;
		for (int dst=1;dst<N+1;dst++) { // ???????????? dst ????????????
			if ((G[cur][dst] == 1) && (D[dst] == 100)) { // cur ?????? dst ??????????????????dst ???????¨??????????
				D[dst] = D[cur]+1; //
				Q.push(dst); // dst ????¨???????????????????
			}
		}
	}
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int INF=99999999;

void get_dinetwork(int N,vector<vector<int>>& array){
    int u,k,x;

    for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
        cin>>u>>k;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            cin>>x;
            array[u-1][x-1]=1;
        }
    }

}

int bfs(int n,vector<vector<int>>& A,int v,vector<int>& d,vector<int>& flag){
        d[v]=0;
        flag[v]=1;
        queue<int> Q;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){if(A[v][i]==1){Q.push(i);}}
        int dmin;
        while(!Q.empty()){
                dmin=INF;
                for(int i=0;i<n;i++){if(A[i][Q.front()]==1 && d[i]<dmin){dmin=d[i];}}
                d[Q.front()]=dmin+1;
                flag[Q.front()]=1;
                for(int i=0;i<n;i++){if(A[Q.front()][i]==1 && flag[i]!=1){Q.push(i);}}
                Q.pop();
        }
}

int main(){
        cin.tie(0);
        ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

        int n;
        cin>>n;
        vector<vector<int>> array(n,vector<int>(n,0));
        get_dinetwork(n,array);

        //
        vector<int> d(n,INF);
        vector<int> flag(n,-1);
        //
        bfs(n,array,0,d,flag);
        //

        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                if(d[i]==INF){d[i]=-1;}
                cout<<i+1<<" "<<d[i]<<"\n";
        }

        return 0;

}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int N=100;
int INF = 1234567890;
int n,M[100][100];
int d[100];
void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i] = INF;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=INF) continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(d[i]==INF) cout<<i+1<<" "<<-1<<endl;
    else cout<<i+1<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
  }
}

int main() {
int u,k,v;
cin>>n;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
  cin>>u>>k;
  u--;
  for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
  cin>>v;
  v--;
  M[u][v]=1;
  }
}
  bfs(0);

}