Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for (int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v = 0;v< n;v++){
      if(M[u][v] == 0)continue;
      if(d[v] != INFTY)continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " "<<((d[i] == INFTY)?(-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      cin >> u >> k;
      u--;
      for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
	cin >> v;
	v--;
	M[u][v] = 1;
      }
    }

    bfs(0);
    return 0;
  }

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

const int MAX = 100;

// 幅優先探索
// 最短距離を求める。

enum ColorStatus
{
    WHITE_no_visit,
    GRAY_inqueue,
    BLACK_finished
};



struct Node
{
    // 頂点 0オリジン
    int id;
    // 頂点1からの距離。たどり着けない場合は-1
    int direction;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int M[MAX][MAX] = { 0 };
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u; // 頂点番号
        cin >> k; // 次数
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)
        {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            M[u-1][j] = 1;
        }
    }

    Node nodes[MAX] = { 0, 0 };
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        nodes[i].id = i;
        nodes[i].direction = -1;
    }
    // Node0は、始点sで、入力データにはないが、ここからプログラムを始めるようにする。
    Node startNode = nodes[0];
    startNode.direction = 0;

    queue<Node> q;
    q.push(startNode);

    while (!q.empty())
    {
        // c++のqueueはpopで値を返さない。
        // 先頭の参照を取得後、popで削除。
        Node uNode = q.front();
        q.pop();
        // ここで訪問完了

        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++)
        {
            if (M[uNode.id][v] == 0) continue;     // 行き先がない。
            if (nodes[v].direction == -1) continue;   // 到達状態ではない。

            // u->vで、頂点uが保持している距離+1をnodes[v]に入れる
            nodes[v].direction = nodes[uNode.id].direction + 1;

            // for文なので、頂点uに隣接するvがすべてここでキューに入る
            q.push(nodes[v]);
        }
    }

    // 出力
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        Node node = nodes[i];
        cout << node.id << " " << node.direction << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i, n) for (int i=0; i<(n); ++i)
#define repr(i, a, b) for (int i=a; i<(b); ++i)
#define reprev(i, n) for (int i=n-1; i>=0; --i)
#define reprrev(i, a, b) for (int i=b-1; i>=(a); --i)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int, int>;

int main() {
    cout << fixed << setprecision(10);
    
    int n; cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> e(n);
    rep(i, n) {
        int id; cin >> id; id--;
        int ne; cin >> ne;
        rep(j, ne) {
            int tn; cin >> tn; tn--;
            e[id].emplace_back(tn);
        }
    }

    queue<int> q;
    vector<int> aa(n);
    vector<int> d(n);
    q.emplace(0);
    aa[0] = 1;

    while(!q.empty()) {
        int nn = q.front();
        q.pop();
        rep(i, e[nn].size()) {
            if (aa[e[nn][i]]) continue;
            q.emplace(e[nn][i]);
            d[e[nn][i]] = d[nn] + 1;
            aa[e[nn][i]] = 1;
        }
    }
    rep(i, n) {
        if (aa[i]) {
            cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
        } else {
            cout << i+1 << " " << -1 << endl;
        }
        
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vs = vector<string>;
using msi = map<string, int>;
using mii = map<int, int>;
using psi = pair<string, int>;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using vlai = valarray<int>;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define range(i,s,n) for(int i=s;i<n;i++)
#define all(a) a.begin(),a.end()
#define rall(a) a.rbegin(),a.rend()
#define fs first
#define sc second
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define INF 1E9
#define EPS 1E-9
#define MOD (1E9+7)
#define PI 3.1415926535897932384626433832795

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const vector<int> &tgt)
{
	string s;
	for (int i = 0; i<tgt.size(); i++) {
		s += (to_string(tgt[i]) + ((i != tgt.size() - 1) ? " " : ""));
	}
	out << s;
	return out;
}
struct node {
	vi to;
	int dist = -1;
	bool visited = false;
};

vector<node> g;
int t = 0;

void bfs(int n) {
	queue<pii> q;
	q.push({n,0});
	while (!q.empty()) {
		int dis = q.front().sc;
		int node = q.front().fs;
		q.pop();
		if (g[node].visited)continue;
		//cout << node + 1 << endl;
		g[node].dist = dis;
		g[node].visited = true;
		rep(i, g[node].to.size()) {
			if (!g[g[node].to[i]].visited)q.push({ g[node].to[i],dis + 1 });
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	int n,in,inn;
	cin >> n;
	g.resize(n);
	rep(i, n) {
		cin >> in;
		cin >> in;
		rep(j, in) {
			cin >> inn;
			g[i].to.push_back(inn-1);
		}
	}
	rep(i, n) {
		if (!g[i].visited) {
			bfs(0);
		}
	}
	rep(i, n) {
		cout <<i+1<<" "<< g[i].dist <<endl;
	}
}