Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define MAX 100
#define INFTY 1 << 21
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

// 隣接行列
int gMatrix[MAX][MAX];

int prim(int n){
    // 頂点
    int u;
    // 最小の重み
    int minV;
    // Tに属する頂点とV - Tに属する頂点をつなぐ辺の中で、重みが最小の辺の重みを記録する
    int weight[MAX];
    // MSTにおける頂点vの親を記録する
    int parent[MAX];
    // 訪問状態を記録する
    int color[MAX];
    
    for(int i = 0;i < n;++i){
        weight[i] = INFTY;
        parent[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    
    weight[0] = 0;
    
    while(1){
        minV = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        
        for(int i = 0;i < n;++i){
            if(minV > weight[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
                // 最小の重みを記録する
                u = i;
                minV = weight[i];
            }
        }
        // 全て訪問した
        if(u == -1)break;
        // 訪問済み
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for(int v = 0;v < n;++v){
            if(color[v] != BLACK && gMatrix[u][v] != INFTY){
                if(weight[v] > gMatrix[u][v]){
                    weight[v] = gMatrix[u][v];
                    parent[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i = 0;i < n;++i){
        if(parent[i] != -1) sum += gMatrix[i][parent[i]];
    }
    
    return sum;
}

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    
    for(int i = 0;i < n;++i){
        for(int j = 0;j < n;++j){
            int edge;
            cin >> edge;
            gMatrix[i][j] = (edge == -1) ? INFTY : edge;
        }
    }
    
    cout << prim(n) << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int n;
int a[101][101];
int flg[101];
int t[101];
int sum = 0;

void visit(){
    int ima = 0;
    int mine = 100000000;
    for (int k = 0; k < n-1; k++) {
        mine = 10000000;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (flg[i] == 0 && mine > t[i]) {
	            mine = t[i];
	            ima = i;
            }
        }
        sum += mine;
        flg[ima] = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ 
            if (a[ima][i] != -1){ 
	            if (t[i] > a[ima][i]){
	                t[i] = a[ima][i];
	            }
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){ 
            cin >> a[i][j];
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        flg[i] = 0;
        t[i] = 100000000;
    }
    t[0] = 0;
    flg[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n;i++){ 
        if(a[0][i] != -1){
            t[i] = a[0][i];
        }
    }
    visit();
    cout << sum << endl;
    return 0; 
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int n;
int a[101][101];
int flg[101];
int t[101];
int sum = 0;

void visit(){
  int ima = 0;
  int mine = 100000000;
  
  
  for(int k=0;k<n;k++) {
    
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
      if(flg[i] == 0 && mine > t[i]) {
	mine = t[i];
	ima = i;
      }
    }
    sum += mine;
    flg[ima] = 1;
    
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) 
      if(a[ima][i] != -1) 
	if(t[i] > a[ima][i] ) t[i] = a[ima][i];
    
    
  }
}

int main() {

  cin >> n;

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) 
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) 
      cin >> a[i][j];
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
    flg[i] = 0;
      t[i] = 100000000;
  }
  
  t[0] = 0;
  flg[0] = 1;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) 
    if(a[0][i] != -1) t[i] = a[0][i];

  visit();

  cout << sum << endl;
 
  return 0; 
  
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim()
{
    int u,minv,i,v;
    int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
    int sum = 0;

    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }

    d[0] = 0;

    while(1)
    {
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;

        for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK)
            {
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }

        if(u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;

        for(v=0;v<n;v++)
        {
            if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY)
            {
                if(d[v] > M[u][v])
                {
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }

   

    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
    }

    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    int i,j,e;
    cin >> n;

    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            cin >> e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }

    cout << prim() << endl;

    return 0;
    
}