Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var distance []int

type queue struct {
	q    []int
	head int
	tail int
}

func (q *queue) push(n int) {
	q.q[q.tail] = n
	q.tail++
}

func (q *queue) pop() int {
	q.head++
	return q.q[q.head-1]
}

func (q *queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

func makeAdjList() [][]int {
	var n int
	fmt.Scanf("%d", &n)

	adj := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adj[i] = make([]int, n)
	}

	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		sc.Scan()
		nodeInfo := strings.Split(sc.Text(), " ")
		outDegree, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[1])

		if outDegree > 0 {
			for k := 0; k < outDegree; k++ {
				j, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[k+2])
				j-- // convert 1 based to 0 based
				adj[i][j] = 1
			}
		}
	}

	return adj
}

func bfs(graph [][]int, s int) {
	distance = make([]int, len(graph))

	infty := -1
	for i := 0; i < len(distance); i++ {
		distance[i] = infty
	}
	distance[s] = 0

	q := &queue{make([]int, 1000), 0, 0}
	q.push(s)

	for !q.isEmpty() {
		u := q.pop()
		for i := 0; i < len(graph); i++ {
			if graph[u][i] == 0 {
				continue // u, i間に辺がない場合
			}
			if distance[i] != infty {
				continue // 訪問済みの場合
			}
			// 訪問するnodeの始点からの距離を設定し、訪問キューに入れる
			distance[i] = distance[u] + 1
			q.push(i)
		}
	}

	// print distance
	for i, d := range distance {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d)
	}
}

func main() {
	adj := makeAdjList()
	bfs(adj, 0)
}

C++: #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;

//#define int long long
#define DBG 1
#define dump(o) if(DBG){cerr<<#o<<" "<<o<<endl;}
#define dumpc(o) if(DBG){cerr<<#o; for(auto &e:(o))cerr<<" "<<e;cerr<<endl;}
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define rrep(i,a,b) for(int i=(b)-1;i>=(a);i--)
#define each(it,c) for(auto it=(c).begin();it!=(c).end();it++)
#define all(c) c.begin(),c.end()
const int INF = sizeof(int) == sizeof(long long) ? 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL : 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD = (int)(1e9 + 7);
vector<vector<int> >vec;
int n;
vector<int>d;
void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int>q;
	q.push(s);
	d[s] = 0;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		int u = q.front(); q.pop();
		rep(v, 0, vec[u].size()) {
			if (d[vec[u][v]] != INF)continue;
			d[vec[u][v]] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(vec[u][v]);
		}
	}
	rep(i, 0, n) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
	}
}
signed main() {
	cin >> n; vec = vector<vector<int> >(n); d = vector<int>(n, INF);
	rep(i, 0, n) {
		int u, k; cin >> u >> k; u--;
		rep(j, 0, k) {
			int v; cin >> v; v--;
			vec[u].push_back(v);
		}
	}
	bfs(0);

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<int> G(n,-1);
	vector<vector<int>> vs(n);
	int u,k,v;
	for(int loop=0;loop<n;loop++){
		cin >> u >> k;
		for(int loop2=0;loop2<k;loop2++){
			cin >> v;
			vs[u-1].push_back(v-1);
		}
	}
	queue<pair<int,int>> Q;
	Q.push(make_pair(0,0));
	G[0]=0;
	int lk,dist;
	while(!Q.empty()){
		lk = Q.front().first;
		dist = Q.front().second;
		Q.pop();
		for(int loop=0;loop<vs[lk].size();loop++){
			if(G[vs[lk][loop]]==-1){
				G[vs[lk][loop]]=dist+1;
				Q.push(make_pair(vs[lk][loop],dist+1));
			}
		}
	}
	for(int loop=0;loop<n;loop++){
		cout << loop+1 << " " << G[loop] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n,g[100][100],f[100],c1[100],c2[100];
void bfs(int now,int far){
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) if(g[now][i]){
      if(f[i]<far+1){
        c1[i]=1;
        continue;
      }
      f[i]=far+1;
    }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) if(g[now][i]&&c1[i]!=1) bfs(i,far+1);
}
int main(){

  int a,b,tmp;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(i) f[i]=1000;
    cin>>a>>b;
    for(int j=0;j<b;j++){
      cin>>tmp;
      g[a-1][tmp-1]=1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0,0);

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) if(f[i]==1000) f[i]=-1;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) cout<<i+1<<" "<<f[i]<<endl;

  return 0;

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

typedef long long signed int ll;

constexpr ll NIL = -20000000000;

int g[101][101],n,d[101];

int main() {
    for(int i = 0;i < 101;i++)d[i] = -1;
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
        int u,k,v;
        cin >> u >> k;
        for(int j = 0;j < k;j++) {
            cin >> v;
            g[u][v]++;
        }
    }
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(1);
    d[1] = 0;
    while(!q.empty()) {
        int u = q.front();q.pop();
        for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++) {
            if(g[u][i] && d[i] == -1)
            {
                d[i] = d[u]+1;
                q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
    for(int i = 1;i <=n;i++) {
        cout << i << " " << d[i] <<endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> g(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        --u;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)
        {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            --v;

            g[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }
    vector<int> dist(n, -1);
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    dist[0] = 0;
    while (!q.empty())
    {
        int v = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (auto next : g[v])
        {
            if (dist[next] != -1)
            {
                continue;
            }
            dist[next] = dist[v] + 1;
            q.push(next);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Adjl{
private:
	int u;
	int k;
	Adjl **next;
	int check_id;
public:
	Adjl(int u);
	~Adjl(){ if (next != NULL) delete[] next; }
	void setV(int k, Adjl *vk);
	int breadthFirstSearch(int id);
	void print(int id);
};

Adjl::Adjl(int u)
{
	this->u = u;
	k = 0;
	next = NULL;
	check_id = 0;
}

void Adjl::setV(int k, Adjl *vk)
{
	if (this->k == 0) next = new Adjl*[k];
	next[this->k] = vk;
	(this->k)++;
}

int Adjl::breadthFirstSearch(int id)
{
	if (id == check_id) return -1;
	else check_id = id;

	if (id == u) {
		check_id = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
		if (id == next[i]->u) {
			check_id = 0;
			return 1;
		}
	}
	int d_min = -1;
	for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
		int d = next[i]->breadthFirstSearch(id);
		if (d == -1) continue;
		if (d_min == -1) d_min = d + 1;
		else d_min = min(d_min, d + 1);
	}
	check_id = 0;
	return d_min;
}

void Adjl::print(int id)
{
	cout << id << " " << breadthFirstSearch(id) << endl;
}

int main(void)
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	
	Adjl **adjl = new Adjl*[n];
	int check[100] = {0};

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		if (check[i] == 0) {
			adjl[i] = new Adjl(u);
			check[i] = 1;
		}
		check[i] = 1;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int vk;
			cin >> vk;
			if (check[vk - 1] == 0) {
				adjl[vk - 1] = new Adjl(vk);
				check[vk - 1] = 1;
			}
			adjl[i]->setV(k, adjl[vk - 1]);
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		adjl[0]->print(i);
	}

	delete[] adjl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define MAX 100
#define NIL -1

int n, G_list[MAX+1];
int G[MAX+1][MAX+1];
int d[MAX+1][2];

void make_graph(void){
  scanf("%d", &n);

  for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
    int cnt, num, m;

    scanf("%d %d", &num, &cnt);
    G_list[i]=num;

    for(int j=0; j<cnt; j++){
      scanf("%d", &m);
      G[num][m]=1;
    }
  }
}

void check_depth(void){
  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(G_list[0]);
  d[G_list[0]][0]=0;
  d[G_list[0]][1]=NIL;
  
  while(!Q.empty()){
    int top=Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    
    for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
      if(G[top][G_list[j]] == 1 && d[G_list[j]][1] != NIL){
	d[G_list[j]][0]=d[top][0]+1;
	d[G_list[j]][1]=NIL;
	Q.push(G_list[j]);
      }
    }
  }
}

void print(void){

  for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
    printf("%d %d\n", G_list[i], d[G_list[i]][0]);
  }
}

int main(void){

  make_graph();
  check_depth();
  print();
  
  return 0;
}