Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
int n,M[N][N], d[N];
void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u = q.front();q.pop();
        for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
            if(M[u][v] == 0)continue;
            if(d[v] != INFTY)continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)cout << i + 1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
    }


int main(){
    int u,k,v;
    cin >>n;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)M[i][j] = 0;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    return 0;
}

C++: //
//
//  algoC.cpp - created by us162022
//
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
struct Node{
  int u,k,v[99];
  int distance;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int n;
  Node node[100];
  queue<Node> que;

  cin >> n;

  for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
    cin >> node[i].u >> node[i].k;

    for(int j=0; j<node[i].k; j++)
      cin >> node[i].v[j];

    node[i].distance=-1;
  }

  node[0].distance = 0;
  que.push(node[0]);

  while(!que.empty()){
    Node fro = que.front();

    for(int i=0; i<fro.k; i++){
      int x = fro.v[i]-1;
  
      if(node[x].distance==-1)
	    node[x].distance = fro.distance+1;

      que.push(node[x]);
    }

    que.pop();
  }

  for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
    cout << node[i].u << " " << node[i].distance << endl;

}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define REP(i, n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++)
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
const int INF = 1e9;

using namespace std;
int adj[105][105] = {0};
int res[105] = {0};
int n;

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    REP(i, n){
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        REP(j, k) {
            int tmp;
            cin >> tmp;
            adj[u-1][tmp-1] = 1;
        }
        res[i] = INF;
    }
    res[0] = 0;
    REP(i, n) REP(j, n)
        if(adj[i][j] != 0)
            res[j] = min(res[j], res[i]+1);

    REP(i, n){
        if(res[i] != INF)
            cout << i+1 << " " << res[i] << endl;
        else
            cout << i+1 << " -1" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

const double PI = 3.14159265358979;

int G[101][101];
bool visited[101];
int timex[101][2];
int deep[101];
int now_time = 1;
int n;

void dfs(int node) {

	if (!visited[node]) {
		visited[node] = 1;
		timex[node][0] = now_time++;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
			if (G[node][i] && visited[i] == 0) {
				dfs(i);
			}
		}
		timex[node][1] = now_time++;
	}
}

void dfs_stack(int node) {

	stack<int> st;
	st.push(node);
	visited[node] = 1;
	timex[node][0] = now_time++;
	while (!st.empty()) {
		int ver = st.top();

		bool flag = false;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
			if (G[ver][i] && visited[i] == 0) {
				visited[i] = 1;
				timex[i][0] = now_time++;
				st.push(i);
				flag = true;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (!flag) {
			timex[ver][1] = now_time++;
			st.pop();
		}
	}
}

void bfs(int node, bool reach) {

	queue<int> Q;
	visited[node] = 1;
	if (!reach) deep[node] = -1;
	Q.push(node);

	while (!Q.empty()) {

		int top = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
			if (G[top][i] && !visited[i]) {
				Q.push(i);
				visited[i] = 1;
				if (reach)
					deep[i] = deep[top] + 1;
				else
					deep[i] = -1;
			}
		}
	}
}


int main() {
	
	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)	{
		int id, degree;
		cin >> id >> degree;
		for (int j = 0; j < degree; j++) {
			int idx; cin >> idx;
			G[id - 1][idx - 1] = 1;
		}
	}

	bool first = true;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (!visited[i]) {
			bfs(i, first);
			first = false;
		}
	}
	

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << deep[i] << endl;
	}


	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int infty=(1<<21);

int n,m[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s)
{
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=infty;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;

  while(!q.empty())
  {
    u=q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++)
    {
      if(m[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=infty) continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==infty)?(-1):d[i]) <<endl;
  }
}

int main()
{
  //入力
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  for(int j=0;j<n;j++) m[i][j]=0;

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
    {
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      m[u][v]=1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

}