Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

func getScanner(fp *os.File) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 500001), 500000)
	return scanner
}

func getNextString(scanner *bufio.Scanner) string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func getNextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(getNextString(scanner))
	return i
}

func main() {
	fp := os.Stdin
	if len(os.Args) > 1 {
		fp, _ = os.Open(os.Args[1])
	}

	scanner := getScanner(fp)
	writer := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)

	n := getNextInt(scanner)
	nodes := make([]Node, n)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		nodes[i].list = make([]int, 0)
		nodes[i].d = -1
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		u := getNextInt(scanner)
		k := getNextInt(scanner)
		u--
		for ii := 0; ii < k; ii++ {
			v := getNextInt(scanner)
			v--
			nodes[u].list = append(nodes[u].list, v)
		}
	}

	queue := make([]int, n)
	queue[0] = 0
	nodes[0].d = 0
	d := 0
	i, j := 0, 1
	for i < j {
		d++
		prev := j
		for i < prev {
			for k, l := 0, len(nodes[queue[i]].list); k < l && i < n; k++ {
				if nodes[nodes[queue[i]].list[k]].d != -1 {
					continue
				}
				nodes[nodes[queue[i]].list[k]].d = d
				queue[j] = nodes[queue[i]].list[k]
				j++
			}
			i++
		}
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(writer, fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", i+1, nodes[i].d))
	}

	writer.Flush()
}

// Node ...
type Node struct {
	list []int
	d    int
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX_NUM = 105;
static const int NO_VISIT  = 0;
static const int END_VISIT = 2;

void BFS(int *matrix, int num)
{
    int i;
    int state[MAX_NUM]    = {0};
    int distance[MAX_NUM];
    queue<int> Q;
    int target;
    int dist = 0;
    int *tmp;
    bool first;

    for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
        distance[i] = -1;
    }

    Q.push(1);
    state[1] = END_VISIT;
    distance[1] = 0;

    while (Q.empty() == false) {
        target = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        tmp = matrix + target * MAX_NUM;
        first = true;
        for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
            if ((*(tmp + i) == 1) && (state[i] == NO_VISIT)) {
                distance[i] = distance[target] + 1;
                Q.push(i);
                state[i] = END_VISIT;
            }
        }
    }

    for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, distance[i]);
    }

    return;
}

int main(void)
{
    int i, j;
    int num;
    int elem;
    int nume;
    int tmp;
    int matrix[MAX_NUM][MAX_NUM];

    scanf("%d", &num);
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d", &elem, &nume);
        for (j = 0; j < nume; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &tmp);
            matrix[elem][tmp] = 1;
        }
    }

    BFS(&matrix[0][0], num);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N]; //距離で訪問状態(color)を管理する

void bfs(int s) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()) {
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
            if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    int u, k, v;
    
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    bfs(0);
    
    return 0;
}

C++: // http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_C
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue> // 入れた順番に出していく玉突き構造。
using namespace std;

int G[110][110];
int n;
int u, k, v;

void print_matrix(int N) {
  for(int i=0; i<N; i++) {
    for(int j=0; j<N; j++) {
      printf("%d", G[i][j]);
      if (j < N-1) {
	printf(" ");
      }
    }
      printf("\n");
  }
}

void make_matrix() {
  fill(&G[0][0], &G[0][0]+110*110, 0);
  scanf("%d", &n);
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
    u--;
    for (int j=0; j<k; j++) {
      scanf("%d", &v);
      v--;
      G[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
}

void bfs(int src) {
  // cerr << "bfs root is " << src << endl;
  queue<int> Q; // 整数管理用(ナマの番地に入れる(-1しない))
  int D[110]; // 距離管理用(ナマの番地に入れる)
  fill(D, D+110, -1);
  D[src] = 0;
  Q.push(src); // rootだけは入れる。
  while (! Q.empty()) {
    int cur = Q.front(); // 先頭要素を取り出す。
    Q.pop(); // 先頭要素を消す。
    // cerr << "visiting " << cur << " whose dist is " << D[cur] << endl;
    for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) { // i:訪問先
      if (G[cur-1][i-1] == 1 && D[i] == -1) {
	D[i] = D[cur] + 1;
	Q.push(i);
      }
    }
  }
  for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
    printf("%d %d\n", i, D[i]);
  }
}

int main() {
  make_matrix();
  bfs(1);
}