Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(shortestList)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>

#define N 100
using namespace std;


class list {
public:
	int cost;
	int node;
	list(void) {
		cost = -1;
		node = -1;
	}
};

bool operator<(const list& y,const list& x) {
	return (y.cost < x.cost);
};
bool operator>(const list& y,const list& x) {
	return (y.cost>x.cost);
};

int m[N][N];
bool visited[N];
int sum = 0;

int main(void) {
	priority_queue<list, vector<list>, greater<list> > pq;
	int n;
	int now;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
		visited[i] = false;
		for (int j = 0; j<n; j++) {
			scanf("%d", &m[i][j]);
		}
	}
	now = 0;
	while (1) {
		//printf("I'm in %d\n", now);
		visited[now] = true;
		for (int j = 0; j<n; j++) {
			if (m[now][j] != -1) {
				list a;
				a.cost = m[now][j];
				a.node = j;
				pq.push(a);
			//	printf("I pushed %d %d\n", a.node, a.cost);
			}
		}
		//system("pause");
		list x;
		while (!pq.empty()) {
			if (visited[(pq.top()).node] == false) {
				x = pq.top();
				//printf("I got %d %d\n", x.node, x.cost);
				pq.pop();
				now = x.node;
				sum += x.cost;
				break;
			}
			else pq.pop();
		}
		if (x.node == -1)break;
	}
	printf("%d\n", sum);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define INFTY (1 << 30)

enum Color {
	WHITE,
	GRAY,
	BLACK,
};

void Prim(int verValWeight[][100], int verNum) {
	int distance[100];
	Color color[100];
	int parent[100];
	for (int i = 0; i < verNum; i++) {
		color[i] = WHITE;
		distance[i] = INFTY;
		parent[i] = -1;
	}
	distance[0] = 0;

	while (true) {
		int min_cost = INFTY;
		int subScript;
		for (int i = 0; i < verNum; i++) {
			if (color[i] != BLACK && distance[i] < min_cost) {
				min_cost = distance[i];
				subScript = i;
			}
		}

		if (min_cost == INFTY)
			break; //end

		color[subScript] = BLACK;

		for (int i = 0; i < verNum; i++) {
			if (color[i] != BLACK && verValWeight[subScript][i] != INFTY) {
				if (verValWeight[subScript][i] < distance[i]) {
					distance[i] = verValWeight[subScript][i];
					parent[i] = subScript;
					color[i] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	int weight_sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < verNum; i++)
		if (parent[i] != -1)
			weight_sum += verValWeight[i][parent[i]];
	cout << weight_sum << endl;

}

int main() {
	int verNum;
	int verValWeight[100][100];
	int parent[100];

	cin >> verNum;
	for (int i = 0; i < verNum; i++)
		for (int j = 0; j < verNum; j++) {
			cin >> verValWeight[i][j];
			if (verValWeight[i][j] == -1) verValWeight[i][j] = INFTY;
		}

	Prim(verValWeight, verNum);

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int n;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	
	bool added[n];
	int a[n][n];
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
			int buf;
			scanf("%d", &buf);
			a[i][j] = buf==-1 ? INT_MAX : buf;
		}
		added[i] = false;
	}
	added[0] = true;
	
	long total = 0;
	for(;1;){
		bool end = true;
		int minCost = INT_MAX, pi, pj;
		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
			if(!added[i]){
				end = false;
				continue;
			}
			for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
				if(minCost > a[i][j]){
					minCost = a[pi = i][pj = j];
				}
			}
		}
		if(end) break;
		added[pi] = added[pj] = true;
		a[pj][pi] = a[pi][pj] = INT_MAX;
		total += minCost;
	}
	
	printf("%ld\n", total);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

struct Edge {
    ll s,t;
    ll w;
    bool operator < (const Edge& tgt) const {
	return w > tgt.w;
    }
    void dump(){
	cout << s << " --> " << t << " : " << w << endl; 
    }
};

ll Prim(vector<vector<Edge>>& G) {
    const ll V = G.size();
    priority_queue<Edge> edges;
    
    vector<int> used(V,0);
    edges.push( Edge{-1,0,0} );
    ll ans = 0;
    while( edges.size() ) {
	Edge e = edges.top(); edges.pop();

//	assert(used[e.s] == 1);
	if( used[e.t] == 1 ) continue;
	used[e.t] = 1;
//	e.dump();
	ans += e.w;

	for(auto& nxt : G[e.t]) {
	    if( used[nxt.t] == 1 ) continue;
	    edges.push(nxt);
	}
    }
    for(auto& e : used) assert(e == 1);

    return ans;
}


int main () {

    ll V;
    cin >> V;
    vector<vector<Edge>> G(V);

    for(int i=0; i<V; i++) {
	for(int j=0; j<V; j++) {
	    ll w; cin >> w;
	    if( w != -1 ) {
		G[i].push_back( Edge{i,j,w} );
//		G[j].push_back( Edge{j,i,w} );
//		cout << i << " <--> " << j << " : " << w << endl; 
	    }
	}
    }

    ll ans = Prim(G);
    cout << ans << endl;
        
    return 0;
}