Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

//util
var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextStr() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func printList(list []int) {
	n := len(list)
	buf := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for _, v := range list[0 : n-1] {
		buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d ", v)))
	}
	buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", list[n-1])))
	buf.Flush()
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	} else {
		return b
	}
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return b
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

//solve
const INFTY = (1 << 21)
const MAX = 100
const WHITE = 0
const GRAY = 1
const BLACK = 2

var time, n int

//隣接行列
var M [MAX][MAX]int

//d[i]: 頂点1から頂点iまでの距離
var color, d [MAX]int

func bfs(s int) {
	var q []int
	q = append(q, s)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
	}
	//sは開始点なので、0をいれる
	d[s] = 0

	//キューが空になるまで、以下を繰り返す
	for len(q) > 0 {
		u := q[0]
		q = q[1:]
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if M[u][v] == 0 {
				continue
			}
			if d[v] != INFTY {
				continue
			}
			d[v] = d[u] + 1
			q = append(q, v)
		}
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1)
		if d[i] == INFTY {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", -1)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", d[i])
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	n = nextInt()
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		u, k := nextInt(), nextInt()
		M[u-1][u-1] = 0

		//fmt.Println(u, k)
		if k > 0 {
			for j := 0; j < k; j++ {

				v := nextInt()
				M[u-1][v-1] = 1

			}
		}

	}

	bfs(0)

}

C++: //
#if 0

#endif // 0
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#define MAX 100
using namespace std;
int matri[MAX][MAX];

int main()
{
    int n;
    int r[MAX];
    queue<int> q;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        r[i]=0;
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
            matri[i][j]=0;
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        int u,k;
        cin>>u>>k;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
        {
            int m;
            cin>>m;
            matri[u-1][m-1]=1;
        }
    }
    q.push(0);
    r[0]=0;
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        int t;
        t=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
            if(matri[t][i]&&r[i]==0&&i)
            {
                q.push(i);
                r[i]=r[t]+1;
               // cout<<r[i]<<endl;
            }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(r[i]||r[i]==i)
            cout<<i+1<<" "<<r[i]<<endl;
        else
            cout<<i+1<<" -1"<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define r(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
int a[101][101],start[101],end[101],n,p=0,v[101];
queue<int> q;
void bfs(int u){
	q.push(u);
	v[u]++;
	while(!q.empty()){
		u=q.front();q.pop();
		r(i,1,n+1)if(!v[i]&&a[u][i]){
			v[i]++;
			q.push(i);
			start[i]=start[u]+1;
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	int q,qq,qqq;
	cin>>n;
	r(i,0,n){
		cin>>q>>qq;
		r(i,0,qq){
			cin>>qqq;
			a[q][qqq]++;
		}
	}
	bfs(1);
	r(i,1,n+1){
		if(i!=1&&start[i]==0)cout<<i<<' '<<-1<<endl;
		else cout<<i<<' '<<start[i]<<endl;
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

/* 大文字を小文字に変換 */
char tolower(char c) {return (c + 0x20);}
/* 小文字を大文字に変換 */
char toupr(char c) {return (c - 0x20);}

// if('A'<=s[i] && s[i]<='Z') s[i] += 'a'-'A';

/*
string s = "abcdefg"
s.substr(4) "efg"
s.substr(0,3) "abc"
s.substr(2,4) "cdef"
*/

const int WHITE=0, GRAY=1, BLACK=2;
const int INF = 10000;
/*
void bfs(int u, int d[], int color[], int N, int M[][]){
    d[u] = 0;
    color[u] = GRAY;
    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(u);
    while(!Q.empty()){
        int current_u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
        rep(i,N){
            if(M[current_u][i] && color[i] == WHITE){
                Q.push(i); d[i] = d[u]+1;
            }
        }
    }
    rep(i,N){
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
}
*/

int main()
{
    int N; cin >> N;
    int d[N], M[N][N], color[N];
    // 初期化
    rep(i, N){
        d[i] = INF;
        color[i] = WHITE;
        rep(j,N) M[i][j] = false;
    }
    // 辺の情報を読み込む
    rep(i,N){
        int id; cin >> id;
        int k; cin >> k;
        rep(j,k){
            int vj; cin >> vj;
            M[i][vj-1] = true;
        }
    }
    d[0] = 0;
    color[0] = GRAY;
    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(0);
    while(!Q.empty()){
        int current_u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
        // cout << current_u << endl;
        rep(i,N){
            if(M[current_u][i] && color[i] == WHITE){
                Q.push(i); d[i] = d[current_u]+1;
                color[i] = GRAY;
            }
        }
        color[current_u] = BLACK;
    }
    rep(i,N){
        if(d[i] == INF) printf("%d %d\n", i+1, -1);
        else printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int n, visited[101], d[101];
int adj[101][101];
queue<int> q;
void bfs(int u)
{
  if(visited[u]) return;
  q.push(u);
  visited[u] = 1;
  while(!q.empty())
  {
    int v = q.front();
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
    {
      if(adj[v][i] && visited[i]==0)
      {
        q.push(i);
        visited[i] = 1;
        d[i] = d[v] + 1;
      }
    }
    q.pop();
  }
}
int main()
{
  scanf("%d", &n);
  for(int i=0; i<=n; i++)
  {
    for(int j=0; j<=n; j++)
      adj[i][j] = 0;
    visited[i] = 0;
    d[i] = -1;
  }
  d[1] = 0;
  int u, k, v;
  for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
  {
    scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
    for(int j=0; j<k; j++)
    {
      scanf("%d", &v);
      adj[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
//  for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
//  {
//    if(visited[i] == 0)
//      bfs(i);
//  }
  bfs(1);
  for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
  {
    printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
  }


  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

#define pb push_back
#define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define FOR(i, a, n) for(int i = a; i < (n); i++)
#define mod (ll)(1e9+7)
#define int ll

static const int N = 100;
static const int no = -1;

__attribute__((constructor))
void initial() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
}

ll graph[N][N] = {0}, d[N] = {0}, n;

void bfs(int v) {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(v);
  ll u;
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) d[i] = no;
  d[v] = 0;
  while(!q.empty()) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
      if((graph[u][i] == 0) || (d[i] != no)) continue;
      d[i] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(i);
    }
  }
}

signed main() {
	ll u, v, k;
  cin >> n;
  rep(i, n) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    rep(j, k) {
      cin >> v;
      graph[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(1);

  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

int A[101][101] = {0};
int n, tt = 0, d[101] = {0}, color[101] = {0};
queue<int> Q;


void bfs (int u) {
    int i, j ,k;
    Q.push(u);
    d[u] = tt++;
    color[u] = 1;
    while ( !Q.empty() ) {
        j = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for ( i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
            if ( A[j][i] == 1 && color[i] != 1 ) {
                Q.push(i);
                color[i] = 1;
                d[i] = d[j] + 1;
            }

        }
        }
    }



int main() {
    int i, j, k, v;
    cin >> n;
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        cin >> j >> k;
        while ( k-- ) {
            cin >> v;
            A[j][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(1);
    for ( i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) if ( color[i] != 1 ) d[i] = -1;
    for ( i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) cout << i << ' ' << d[i] << endl;

    return 0;

}