Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct Edge{
  int to,cost;
  bool operator<(const Edge&a)const{
    return cost>a.cost;
  }
};
struct Graph{
  Graph(int n):E(n),T(n),N(n){}
  vector<vector<Edge>>E,T;
  int N;
  void add_edge(int a,int b,int c){
    E[a].push_back({b,c});
    E[b].push_back({a,c});
  }
  void prim(int s){
    bool visited[N];
    priority_queue<pair<Edge,int>>Q;
    memset(visited,0,N);
    Q.push({{s,0},-1});
    while(!Q.empty()){
      Edge e=Q.top().first;
      int from=Q.top().second;Q.pop();
      if(visited[e.to])continue;
      visited[e.to]=1;
      if(from+1)T[from].push_back(e),T[e.to].push_back({from,e.cost});
      for(auto&a:E[e.to])
      if(!visited[a.to])Q.push({a,e.to});
    }
  }
  int get_cost(){
    int ret=0;
    for(auto&a:T)for(auto&b:a)ret+=b.cost;
    return ret/2;
  }
  vector<Edge>* get_MST(){
    return T.data();
  }
};

main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int N;
    cin>>N;
    Graph G(N);
    for(int i=0;i<N;++i)
        for(int j=0;j<N;++j){
            int a;
            cin>>a;
            if(~a) G.add_edge(i,j,a);
        }
    G.prim(0);
    cout<<G.get_cost()<<endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#define MAX 100
#define INF (1<<21)
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
using namespace std;

int M[MAX][MAX],n;
int prim(){
	int u,minv;
	int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
		d[i] = INF;
		p[i] = -1;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}

	d[0] = 0;

	while(1){
		minv = INF;
		u = -1;
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
			if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			}
		}
		if(u == -1)break;
		color[u] = BLACK;
		for(int v = 0;v < n;v++){
			if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INF){
				if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
					d[v] = M[u][v];
					p[v] = u;
					color[v] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	int sum = 0;
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
		if(p[i] != -1)sum += M[i][p[i]];
	}

	return sum;

}


int main(){
	int e;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
		for(int j = 0;j < n;j++){
			cin >> e;
			if(e == -1)M[i][j] = INF;
			else M[i][j] = e;
		}
	}

	cout << prim() <<endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u, minv;
    int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }

    d[0] = 0;

    while(1){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
            if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for(int v=0; v<n; v++){
            if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
                if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]]; //辺の重みの総和を計算
    }

    return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin >> n;

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
            int e; cin >> e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }

    cout << prim() << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: import java.util.Scanner;

class Main
{
    static int[][]M = new int[100][100];

    static int prim(int n)
    {
	int u, minv;
	int sum = 0;
	int[]d = new int[100];
	int[]f = new int[100];
	int[]cl = new int[100];

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	    {
		d[i] = 200000;
		f[i] = -1;
		cl[i] = 0;
	    }

	d[0] = 0;

	while(true)
	    {
		minv = 200000;
		u = -1;

		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		    {
			if(minv > d[i] && cl[i] != 2)
			    {
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			    }
		    }

		if(u == -1) break;
		cl[u] = 2;

		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
		    {
			if(cl[j] != 2 && M[u][j] != 200000)
			    {
				if(d[j] > M[u][j])
				   {
				       d[j] = M[u][j];
				       f[j] = u;
				       cl[j] = 1;
				   }
			    }
		    }
	    }
		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		    {
			if(f[i] != -1) sum += M[i][f[i]];
		    }
	    
	return sum;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
	Scanner In = new Scanner(System.in);

	int n = In.nextInt();

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	    {
		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
		    {
			int e = In.nextInt();
			M[i][j] = ((e == -1) ? 200000 : e);
		    }
	    }

	System.out.println(prim(n));

    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define P pair<int,int>
using namespace std;

int a[100][100];
bool used[100];
signed main(){
	int b; cin >> b;
	for (int c = 0; c < b; c++) {
		for (int d = 0; d < b; d++) {
			cin >> a[c][d];
			if (a[c][d] == -1) {
				a[c][d] = INT_MAX / 3;
			}
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	priority_queue<P,vector<P>, greater<P>>Q;
	Q.push({ 0,0 });
	while (Q.size()) {
		P t = Q.top(); Q.pop();
		if (!used[t.second]) {
			ans += t.first;
			used[t.second] = true;
			for (int i = 0; i < b; i++) {
				Q.push({ a[t.second][i],i });
			}
		}
	}
	cout << ans << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
	int u, minv;
	int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
	
	for(int i=0;i < n;++i){
		d[i] = INFTY;
		p[i] = -1;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}
	
	d[0] = 0;
	
	while(1){
		minv = INFTY;
		u = -1;
		for(int i=0;i < n;++i){
			if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			}
		}
		if(u == -1) break;
		color[u] = BLACK;
		for(int v=0;v < n;++v){
			if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
				if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
					d[v] = M[u][v];
					p[v] = u;
					color[v] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	int sum = 0;
	for(int i=0;i < n;++i){
		if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
	}
	return sum;
}

int main(){
	cin >> n;
	
	for(int i=0; i < n;++i){
		for(int j=0; j < n;++j){
			int e; cin >> e;
			M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
		}
	}
	
	cout << prim() << endl;
	
	return 0;
}