Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var distance []int

type queue struct {
	q    []int
	head int
	tail int
}

func (q *queue) push(n int) {
	q.q[q.tail] = n
	q.tail++
}

func (q *queue) pop() int {
	q.head++
	return q.q[q.head-1]
}

func (q *queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

func makeAdjList() [][]int {
	var n int
	fmt.Scanf("%d", &n)

	adj := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adj[i] = make([]int, n)
	}

	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		sc.Scan()
		nodeInfo := strings.Split(sc.Text(), " ")
		outDegree, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[1])

		if outDegree > 0 {
			for k := 0; k < outDegree; k++ {
				j, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[k+2])
				j-- // convert 1 based to 0 based
				adj[i][j] = 1
			}
		}
	}

	return adj
}

func bfs(graph [][]int, s int) {
	distance = make([]int, len(graph))

	infty := -1
	for i := 0; i < len(distance); i++ {
		distance[i] = infty
	}
	distance[s] = 0

	q := &queue{make([]int, 1000), 0, 0}
	q.push(s)

	for !q.isEmpty() {
		u := q.pop()
		for i := 0; i < len(graph); i++ {
			if graph[u][i] == 0 {
				continue // u, i間に辺がない場合
			}
			if distance[i] != infty {
				continue // 訪問済みの場合
			}
			// 訪問するnodeの始点からの距離を設定し、訪問キューに入れる
			distance[i] = distance[u] + 1
			q.push(i)
		}
	}

	// print distance
	for i, d := range distance {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d)
	}
}

func main() {
	adj := makeAdjList()
	bfs(adj, 0)
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
struct node
{
    node() {};
    node(int i, int n, int* xs) : id {i}, ns {vector<int>(xs, xs+n)}, d {-1} {};
    int id;
    vector<int> ns;
    int d;
};

void bfs(node* xs, int n, int st)
{
    queue<int> que {};
    bool used[n+1];
    for(int i = 0; i <= n; ++i){
        used[i] = false;
    }
    que.push(st);
    xs[st].d = 0;
    used[st] = true;
    while(que.size())
    {
        int p = que.front();
        que.pop();
        vector<int> ns = xs[p].ns;
        for(auto x : ns)
        {
            if(used[x])
            {
                continue;
            }
            xs[x].d = xs[p].d + 1;
            used[x] = true;
            que.push(x);
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    node graph[n+1];
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        int id;
        int m;
        cin >> id >> m;
        int xs[m];
        for(int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
        {
            cin >> xs[j];
        }
        graph[id] = node(id, m, xs);
    }
    bfs(graph, n, 1);
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    {
        cout << i << ' ' << graph[i].d << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cfloat>
#include <ciso646>
#include <climits>
#include <clocale>
#include <cmath>
#include <csetjmp>
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <complex>

#include <deque>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <ostream>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <utility>
#include <valarray>
#include <vector>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n); i++)
#define rep2(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=(n);i++)
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int NMAX = 100;
const int k = 200000;
static const int INF = 1<<21;
string s,t,ans;
int dp[3001][3001];
ll gcd(ll a, ll b){
if(a<b) swap(a,b);
    if(b==0) return a;
    return gcd(b, a%b);
}
int n,M[NMAX+1][NMAX+1]={0};
int d[NMAX]; //距離で訪問状態を管理(d[NMAX]={INFでは初期化できない!?})

void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    rep2(i,n){
        d[i]=INF;
    }
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){ //空でない限り
        u=q.front();q.pop();
        rep2(v,n){
            if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
            if(d[v]!=INF) continue;
            d[v]=d[u]+1; //距離は今考えているところより1大きい値
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    rep2(i,n){
        cout << i << " " << ((d[i] == INF) ? (-1): d[i]) << endl;
        //INFのままだったら-1を出力
    }
}

int main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0); //この2行はより速度を向上させる
    // 追加２, 以降 cin の入力元が 'input.txt' になる

    int u,v,k;
    cin >> n;
    rep2(i,n){
        int u,k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        int v[k+1];
        rep2(j,k) cin >> v[j];
        rep2(j,k){
            M[i][v[j]]=1;
        }
    }
    bfs(1);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#define N 100
using namespace std;

int color[N], d[N];
int M[N][N];


void bfs(int n) {
	queue<int> Q;
	d[0] = 0;
	Q.push(0);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
	  for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
		  if (M[Q.front()][i] == 1) {
			  if (color[i] == 0) {
				  d[i] = d[Q.front()] + 1;
				  color[i] = 1;
				  Q.push(i);
			  }
		  }
		  Q.pop();
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
}


int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		int u; cin >> u;
		int k; cin >> k;
		for (int j = 0;j < k;j++) {
			int v; cin >> v;
			M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(n);

}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++)
#define ALL(n) begin(n),end(n)
#define VMAX 50
#define EMAX 500
#define DMAX 20
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define NOTUSED 0
#define END -1
#define ROOT -1
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;

int main(){
    // 隣接頂点リストの受け取り
    int n;
    cin>>n;

    Graph G(n+1);
    G[0]={NOTUSED};
    REP(i,n){
        int u,k;
        cin>>u>>k;
        G[u].resize(k);
        REP(j,k){
            cin>>G[u][j];
        }
    }

    // BFS のためのデータ構造
    vector<int> d(n+1,-1);
    d[0]=NOTUSED;
    queue<int> que;

    // 初期条件(頂点 1 を初期ノードとする)
    d[1]=0;
    que.push(1);

    // BFS 開始(キューが空になるまで探索を行う)
    while(!que.empty()){
        int v=que.front();
        que.pop();

        // v から辿れる頂点をすべて調べる
        for(int adj_v:G[v]){
            // すでに発見済みの頂点は探索しない
            if(d[adj_v]!=-1) continue;

            // 新たな白色頂点 nv について距離情報を更新してキューに追加する
            d[adj_v]=d[v]+1;
            que.push(adj_v);
        }
    }

    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){
        cout<<i<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while ( !q.empty() ) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for ( int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (M[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if (d[v] != INFTY) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
  }
}

int main() {
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) M[i][j] = 0;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v];
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}