Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type vertexId int

type vertex struct {
	id vertexId
	visitedAt int
	adjs []vertexId
}

func createVertex(id int, adjsInt []int) vertex {
	adjs := make([]vertexId, len(adjsInt))
	for i := 0; i < len(adjs); i++ {
		adjs[i] = vertexId(adjsInt[i])
	}
	return vertex{
		id: vertexId(id),
		visitedAt: -1,
		adjs: adjs,
	}
}

func (v *vertex) isVisited() bool {
	return v.visitedAt >= 0
}

func bfs(id vertexId, vqueue []vertexId, vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[id-1]
	for _, vid := range vertex.adjs {
		if !vertices[vid-1].isVisited() {
			(&vertices[vid-1]).visitedAt = vertex.visitedAt+1
			vqueue = append(vqueue, vid)
		}
	}
	if len(vqueue) > 0 {
		nextId := vqueue[0]
		nextVqueue := vqueue[1:]
		bfs(nextId, nextVqueue, vertices)
	}
}

func solveBfs(vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[0]
	vertex.visitedAt = 0
	vqueue := make([]vertexId, 0)
	bfs(vertex.id, vqueue, vertices)
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	vertices := make([]vertex, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		id, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjN, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjs := make([]int, adjN)
		for j := 0; j < adjN; j++ {
			adjId, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjs[j] = adjId
		}
		vertices[i] = createVertex(id, adjs)
	}

	solveBfs(vertices)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", vertices[i].id, vertices[i].visitedAt)
	}
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

queue<int> Q;
int n,u,k,v,tem;
int D[110];
vector<int> edges[110];
void solve() {
    D[1] = 0;
    while (! Q.empty()) {
        int cur = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        while(edges[cur].size()){
            tem=edges[cur].back();
            edges[cur].pop_back();
            if(D[tem]==-1){
                Q.push(tem);
                D[tem]=D[cur]+1;
            }
        }
    }
        for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
            cout<<i<<' '<<D[i]<<endl;
        }
}


int main(){
    for(int i=0;i<110;i++){
        D[i]=-1;
    }
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
        cin>>v;
        edges[u].push_back(v);
    }
}
    Q.push(1);
    solve();
        return 0;
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
#include "math.h"
 
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<ll> vll;
typedef vector<vll> vvll;
typedef vector<bool> vb;
typedef vector<vb> vvb;
typedef vector<int> vin;
typedef vector<vin> vvin;
typedef vector<pair<ll,ll> > vp;
#define rep(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define drep(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a);i>=(b);--i)
#define SIZE(a) int((a).size())
const int MOD=1e9+7;

int main(){
  ll n;cin>>n;
  vvll g(n,vll(0));
  rep(i,0,n){
    ll m,k;cin>>m>>k;
    m--;
    rep(j,0,k){
      ll v;cin>>v;
      v--;
      g[m].push_back(v);
     
    }
  }
  vb seen(n,false);vll ans(n,-1);
  queue<ll> q;
  q.push(0);
  ll cnt=0;
  ans[0]=0;
  while(!q.empty()){
    ll tmp=q.front();
    q.pop();
    seen[tmp]=true;
    for(ll u:g[tmp]){
      if(seen[u])continue;
      q.push(u);
      if(ans[u]==-1)ans[u]=ans[tmp]+1;
    }
  }
  rep(i,0,n){
    cout<<i+1<<' '<<ans[i]<<endl;
  }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define r(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
int a[101][101],start[101],end[101],n,p=0,v[101];
queue<int> q;
void bfs(int u){
	q.push(u);
	v[u]++;
	while(!q.empty()){
		u=q.front();q.pop();
		r(i,1,n+1)if(!v[i]&&a[u][i]){
			v[i]++;
			q.push(i);
			start[i]=start[u]+1;
		}
	}
}
int main(){
	int q,qq,qqq;
	cin>>n;
	r(i,0,n){
		cin>>q>>qq;
		r(i,0,qq){
			cin>>qqq;
			a[q][qqq]++;
		}
	}
	//r(i,1,n+1)if(!v[i])
	bfs(1);
	r(i,1,n+1)cout<<i<<' '<<start[i]<<endl;
}

C++: //16D8103013E Sen Shunkou
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
int n;
int cnt=0;

int main(){
    //input
    int n;
    std::cin>>n;

    int cnt=0;
    int A[100][100];
    int dis_min[n];
    bool visited[n];

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
            A[i][j]=0;
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cin>>A[i][0];
        std::cin>>A[i][1];
        for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
            std::cin>>A[i][j+2];
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        dis_min[i]=-1;
    }

    //initialization
    std::queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    //std::cout<<"\n"<<que.front()<<"\n";
    //std::cout<<que.size()<<"\n\n";

    while(!que.empty()){
        int q=que.size();
        for(int k=0;k<q;k++){
            //std::cout<<"quesize"<<que.size()<<"\n";
            int i=que.front();
            que.pop();
            visited[i]=true;
            dis_min[i]=cnt;
            //std::cout<<i<<"cnt"<<cnt<<"\n";
            if(A[i][1]!=0){
                for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
                    if(visited[A[i][j+2]-1]!=true){
                        visited[A[i][j+2]-1]=true;
                        que.push(A[i][j+2]-1);
                        //std::cout<<A[i][j+2]-1<<"\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cnt++;
        //std::cout<<"cnt="<<cnt<<"\n";
    }

    //std::cout<<"===========\n";

    //output
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cout<<i+1<<" "<<dis_min[i]<<std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define INF 10000000
using namespace std;

int z[100],n;
int a[100][100];

void bfs(){
  int m;
  z[0]=0;
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(0);
  while(!q.empty()){
    m=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(a[m][i]==1){
	q.push(i);
	z[i]=min(z[i],z[m]+1);
      }
    }
  }
}


int main(){
  int p,x;
  for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
    z[i]=INF;
    for(int j=0;j<100;j++) a[i][j]=0;
  }
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>p>>p;
    for(int j=0;j<p;j++){
      cin>>x;
      a[i][x-1]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs();
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<z[i]<<endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>


using namespace std;

bool adjmatrix[101 * 101];
int costs[101];



void BFS(int vertex, int cur_cost, int N) {
  if (costs[vertex] < cur_cost) return;
  costs[vertex] = cur_cost;
  for (int i =1; i<= N; i++) {
    if(adjmatrix[vertex*101 + i]) {
      BFS(i, cur_cost + 1, N);
    }
  }
}
  

int main() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
    costs[i] = 101;
  }
  int N;
  cin >> N;

  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    int vertex, degree;
    cin >> vertex >> degree;

    for (int j = 0; j < degree; j++) {
      int outvertex;
      cin >> outvertex;
      adjmatrix[vertex * 101 + outvertex] = true;
    }
  }


  /*
  //function to print adjmatrix
  for (int i = 0; i <= N; i++) {
    for (int j= 0; j <= N; j++) {
      if (adjmatrix[i * 101 + j]) {
	cout << "1 ";
      } else {
	cout << "0 ";
      }
    }
    cout << endl;
    }*/

  BFS(1, 0, N);

  for (int i =1; i<=N; i++) {
    if (costs[i] == 101) {
      cout << i << " " << -1 << endl;
    } else {
      cout << i << " " << costs[i] << endl;
    }
  }

 

}