Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(shortestList)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define INF 2*1e9
int main(){
  
  int n;
  int cost[100][100];
  int mincost[100];
  int used[100]={};
  
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    mincost[i]=INF;
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      cin>>cost[i][j];
      if(cost[i][j]==-1)cost[i][j]=INF;
    }
  }

  mincost[0]=0;
  int ans=0;

  while(1){
    int v=-1;
    for(int u=0;u<n;u++){
      if(used[u]==0&&(v==-1||mincost[u]<mincost[v]))v=u;
    }
    
    if(v==-1)break;
    used[v]=1;
    ans+=mincost[v];
    
    for(int u=0;u<n;u++){
      mincost[u]=min(mincost[u],cost[v][u]);
    }
  }
  
  cout<<ans<<endl;
  
  return 0;
  
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 1000
#define Infty 10000

struct Edge{int cost, left, right; };

void Bubble(struct Edge A[], int N){
  for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
    for(int j=N-1;j>=i;j--){
      if(A[j].cost < A[j-1].cost){
        Edge buffa = A[j];
        A[j] = A[j-1];
        A[j-1] = buffa;
      }
    }
  }
}
void print(struct Edge A[], int N){
  for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
    cout << A[i].cost << A[i].left << A[i].right << endl;
  }
}

int find(int x, int parents[]){
  int c = x;
  while(parents[c]!=c) c = parents[c];
  return c;
}

void uunion(int x, int y, int parents[]){
  int a = find(x,parents);
  int b = find(y,parents);
  if(a!=b) parents[a] = b;
}

int main(){
    int n, M[MAX][MAX], d=0;
    int k = 0;
    struct Edge A[MAX];
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
        cin >> M[i][j];
        if(M[i][j]==-1) M[i][j] = Infty;
      }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
        if(j<i){
          //cout << "k = " << k << endl;
          A[k].cost = M[i][j];
          //cout << "M[1][1]=" << M[i][j] << endl;
          //cout << "A.cost = " << A[k].cost << endl;
          A[k].right = i;
          A[k].left = j;
          k++;
        }
      }
    }
    Bubble(A, k);
    
    int parents[k];
    for(int i=0;i<k;i++) parents[i] = i;
    for(int i=0;i<k;i++){
      if(find(A[i].left,parents)!=find(A[i].right,parents)){
        d += A[i].cost;
        uunion(A[i].left,A[i].right,parents);
      }
    }
    cout << d << endl;

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

struct Node{
  int color, dist, parent;
};

int n, M[MAX][MAX];
Node node[MAX];

void Printnodes(){
  string col[3] = {"WHITE", "GRAY ", "BLACK"};
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    cout << "nodeID : " << i ;
    cout << " color : " << col[node[i].color];
    cout << " parent : " << node[i].parent;
    cout << " dist : " << node[i].dist << endl;
  }
  cout << endl;
}

int main(){
  cin >> n;

  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
      cin >> M[i][j];
    }
    node[i].color = WHITE;
    node[i].dist = INFTY;
    node[i].parent = -1;
  }

  int p = 0;
  node[p].color = BLACK;
  node[p].dist = 0;

  while(true){
    //Printnodes();

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
      if(M[p][i] > 0 && node[i].color != BLACK){
        if(node[i].dist > M[p][i]){
          node[i].dist = M[p][i];
          node[i].parent = p;
          node[i].color = GRAY;
        }
      }
    }

    int min_d = INFTY;
    p = -1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
      if(node[i].dist < min_d && node[i].color != BLACK){
        min_d = node[i].dist;
        p = i;
      }
    }

    if(p == -1)
      break;

    node[p].color = BLACK;
    //cout << "node " << p << " turns to BLACK!" << endl;
  }

  int sum = 0;

  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    if(node[i].parent >= 0)
      sum += M[i][node[i].parent];
  }
  cout << sum << endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
template< typename FirstType, typename SecondType >
struct PairComparator {
  bool operator()( const pair<FirstType, SecondType>& p1, const pair<FirstType, SecondType>& p2 ) const 
    {  
		return p1.first > p2.first;
    }
};
bool inMST(vector< std::pair<int,int> > & MST,int j) {
	for (int k=0;k<(int)MST.size();++k){
		if(j == MST[k].first)
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}
int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<int> E(n*n);
	vector< std::pair<int,int> > MST;

	for(int k=0;k<n*n;++k) {
		cin >> E[k];
	}
	priority_queue<pair<int,pair<int,int> >,vector< pair<int,pair<int,int> > >,
		PairComparator<int,pair<int,int> > > r;

	//put Node 0
	int cost = 0;
	int i=0;
	MST.push_back(pair<int,int>(i,i));
	while((int)MST.size() < n) {
		int ii=i*n;
		for (int j=0;j<n;++j) {
			if (E[ii+j] > 0) {
				pair<int,int> add = std::make_pair(i,j);
				if (!inMST(MST,add.second)){
					r.push(std::pair<int,std::pair<int,int> >(E[ii+j],add));
				}
			}
		}
		pair<int,pair<int,int>> top;
		while (!r.empty()) {
			top = r.top();
			r.pop();
			if (!inMST(MST,top.second.second)){
				break;
			}
		}
		cost += top.first;
		MST.push_back(top.second);
		i = top.second.second;
	}
	cout << cost << endl;
}