Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)

	paths[1] = 1
	d := 2
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()

		pushed := false
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
				pushed = true
			}
		}
		if pushed {
			d += 1
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>	// require sort next_permutation count __gcd reverse etc.
#include <cstdlib>	// require abs exit atof atoi 
#include <cstdio>		// require scanf printf
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>	// require accumulate
#include <cmath>		// require fabs
#include <climits>
#include <limits>
#include <cfloat>
#include <iomanip>	// require setw
#include <sstream>	// require stringstream 
#include <cstring>	// require memset
#include <cctype>		// require tolower, toupper
#include <fstream>	// require freopen
#include <ctime>		// require srand
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define ALL(A) A.begin(), A.end()
#define NIL -1

using namespace std;

struct node{
	int id;
	int d;
};

node v[105];
bool vis[105];
vector<int> g[105];

void bfs (int u )
{
	vis[u] = true;
	v[u].d = 0;
	queue<node> que;
	que.push (v[u] );
	
	while (!que.empty() ){
		node cur = que.front(); que.pop();
		int id = cur.id;
		int d  = cur.d;
		rep (j, g[id].size() ){
			int next = g[id][j];
			if (!vis[next] ){
				vis[next] = true;
				v[next].d = d + 1;
				que.push (v[next] );
			} // end if
		} // end rep
	} // end while				
}

int main()
{
	memset (vis, false, sizeof (vis ) );
	ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
	int n; cin >> n;
	rep (i, n+1 ) g[i].clear();
	rep (i, n+1 ) v[i].id = i, v[i].d = NIL;

	rep (i, n ){
		int id; cin >> id;
		int k; cin >> k;
		while (k-- ){
			int v; cin >> v;
			g[id].push_back (v );
		} // end while
	} // end rep

	bfs (1 );

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ){
		cout << v[i].id << ' ' << v[i].d << endl;
	} // end for
		
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 101;
const int CRL = -1;
int adj[N][N] = {0};
int d[N]={0};
int kai[N];

int main()
{
    int n;
    queue <int> q;
    q.push(1);
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    	int k;
    	int l;
    	cin >> l >> k;
    	kai[i]=l;
    	for(int j=1;j<k+1;j++){
    		int m;
    		cin >> m;
    		adj[i][j] = m;
    	}
    }
    while(q.size()){
    	int k = q.front();
    	q.pop();
    	for(int i=1;i<kai[i]+1;i++){
    		if(d[adj[k][i]]==0){
    			d[adj[k][i]] = d[k]+1;
    			q.push(adj[k][i]);
    		}
    	}
    }
    for(int i=2;i<N;i++)
    	if(d[i]==0)d[i]=-1;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    	cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct cww{cww(){ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);}}star;
#define P(x) cout << (x) << endl
#define p(x) cout << (x)
#define all(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define rall(c) (c).rbegin(), (c).rend()
#define vv(type, c, m, n, i) vector<vector<type>> c(m, vector<type>(n, i));
#define rep(i,a,n) for(int i=(a), i##_len=(n); i<i##_len; ++i)
#define rrep(i,a,n) for(int i=(a), i##_len=(n); i>i##_len; --i)
#define len(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define mp make_pair
#define eb emplace_back
typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<double> vd;
typedef vector<long long> vll;
typedef vector<string> vs;
typedef vector<bool> vb;
constexpr int MAX = 101;
constexpr int INF = (1<<21);
int n;
vv(int, M, MAX, MAX, 0);
vi d(MAX, INF);
inline void bfs() {
	d[1] = 0;
	deque<int> dq;
	dq.eb(1);
	int u;
	while(!dq.empty()) {
		u = dq.front(); dq.pop_front();
		rep(v, 1, n + 1) {
			if(M[u][v] == 0 || d[v] != INF) continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			dq.eb(v);
		}
	}
	rep(i, 1, n + 1) {
		cout << i << " " << ((d[i] == INF) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}
int main() {
	cin >> n;
	int u, k, v;
	rep(i, 1, n + 1) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		rep(j, 1, k + 1) {
			cin >> v;
			M[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs();
	rep(i, 1, n + 1) {
		rep(j, 1, n + 1) {
			cout << M[i][j] << (j == n ? "\n" : " ");
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
queue<int> q;
vector<vector<int> > v(101);
int dp[101];
int n, t = 0;
int main() {
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n;i++) {
		int u, k; cin >> u >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k;j++) {
			int x; cin >> x;
			v[u].push_back(x);
		}
	}
	memset(dp, -1, sizeof(dp));
	q.push(1); dp[1] = 0;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		int a = q.front(); q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < v[a].size();i++) {
			if (dp[v[a][i]] == -1) {
				dp[v[a][i]] = dp[a] + 1;
				q.push(v[a][i]);
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= n;i++) {
		cout << i << " " << dp[i] << endl;
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<list>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

void visit(int kyori[], vector<list<int> > adj){
    int k;
    queue<int> que;
    list<int>::iterator t;
    que.push(1);
    while(!que.empty()){
        k = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for(t = adj[k].begin(); t != adj[k].end(); ++t){
            if(kyori[*t] == -1){
                kyori[*t] = kyori[k] + 1;
                que.push(*t);
            }
        }
    }

}

int main(){
    //input
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int u, k, v;
    int i, j;
    list<int> list_sub;
    vector<list<int> > adj;
    for(i = 0; i <= n; i++){
        adj.push_back(list_sub);
    }
    for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        for(j = 1; j <= k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            adj[i].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    //calc
    int kyori[n+1];
    for(i = 2; i <= n; i++){
        kyori[i] = -1;
    }
    kyori[1] = 0;
    visit(kyori, adj);

    //answer
    for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        cout << i << " " << kyori[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  int n;
  cin >> n;

  vector<vector<int> > V(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    int u, k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    V[u - 1].resize(k);
    for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j)
      cin >> V[u - 1][j];
  }

  int d[n];
  memset(d, -1, sizeof(int) * n);
  d[0] = 0;

  queue<int> q;
  q.push(0);

  while (!q.empty()) {
    int cur = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for (int i = 0; i < V[cur].size(); ++i) {
      if (d[V[cur][i] - 1] == -1) {
        q.push(V[cur][i] - 1);
        d[V[cur][i] - 1] = d[cur] + 1;
      }
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;

  return 0;
}