Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define N 1000
bool M[N][N];

int main(){
    int n,u,k,v;
    queue<int> Q;
 
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	cin >> u >> k;
	u--;
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
	    cin >> v;
	    v--;
	    M[u][v]=true;
	}
    }
   
    int d[N]={0};
    Q.push(0);
    while(!Q.empty()){
	u=Q.front();
	Q.pop();
	for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
	    if(M[u][i] && d[i]==0){
		d[i]=d[u]+1;
		Q.push(i);
	    }
	}
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	if(i!=0 && d[i]==0) d[i]=-1;
	printf("%d %d\n",i+1,d[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#define N 100
using namespace std;

int color[N], d[N];
int M[N][N];


void bfs(int n) {
	queue<int> Q;
	d[0] = 0;
	for (int i = 1;i < n;i++) d[i] = -1;
	Q.push(0);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
	  for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
		  if (M[Q.front()][i] == 1) {
			  if (color[i] == 0) {
				  d[i] = d[Q.front()] + 1;
				  color[i] = 1;
				  Q.push(i);
			  }
		  }
		  Q.pop();
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
}


int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		int u; cin >> u;
		int k; cin >> k;
		for (int j = 0;j < k;j++) {
			int v; cin >> v;
			M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(n);

}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct Fast {
    Fast() {
        cin.tie(0);
        ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        cout << fixed << setprecision(20);
    }
} fast;

void yes() {
    cout << "Yes" << endl;
    exit(0);
}
void no() {
    cout << "No" << endl;
    exit(0);
}
#define REP(i, n) for (long long i = 0; i < (n); i++)

long long modpow(long long m, long long n) {
    if (n == 0) return 1;
    if (n % 2 == 0) {
        long long t = modpow(m, n / 2);
        return t * t;
    } else {
        return modpow(m, n - 1) * m;
    }
}

signed main() {
    int N;
    cin >> N;
    vector<vector<int>> adj(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int lglg;
            cin >> lglg;
            adj[i].push_back(lglg - 1);
        }
    }
    queue<int> q;
    vector<bool> visited(N);
    vector<int> distance(N);
    visited[0] = true;
    distance[0] = 0;
    q.push(0);
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int s = q.front();
        q.pop();
        // process node s
        for (auto u : adj[s]) {
            if (visited[u]) continue;
            visited[u] = true;
            distance[u] = distance[s] + 1;
            q.push(u);
        }
    }
    REP(i, N) {
        if (i != 0 && distance[i] == 0) {
            cout << i + 1 << " " << -1 << endl;
            continue;
        }
        cout << i + 1 << " " << distance[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
bool vis[107];
int G[107][107], dist[107];
queue<int> q;
int main() {
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    memset(dist, -1, sizeof(dist));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    	int u, k;
    	scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
    	for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
    		scanf("%d", &G[u][j]);
		}
	}
	dist[1] = 0;
	q.push(1);
	vis[1] = true;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		int cur = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; G[cur][i]; i++) {
			if (dist[G[cur][i]] == -1) dist[G[cur][i]] = dist[cur] + 1;
			else dist[G[cur][i]] = min(dist[G[cur][i]], dist[cur] + 1);
			if (!vis[G[cur][i]]) {
				q.push(G[cur][i]);
				vis[G[cur][i]] = true;
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		printf("%d %d\n", i, dist[i]);
	}
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, G[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v = 0; v< n; v++){
      if(G[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    cont << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) G[i][j] = 0;
  }

  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}