Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

using ll = long long;

#define REP(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(n);i++)
#define REPD(i,n) for(ll i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(ll i=a;i<=(ll)(b);i++)
#define FORD(i,a,b) for(ll i=a;i>=(ll)(b);i--)

#define input(...) __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)

template<class T>
void print(vector<T> a) {
  cout << "[ ";
  REP(i, a.size()) cout << a[i] << " ";
  cout << "]" << endl;
}

void print() {
  std::cout << std::endl;
}

template <class Head, class... Tail>
void print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  std::cout << head << " ";
  print(std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}

void in() { }

template <class Head, class... Tail>
void in(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  cin >> head;
  in(std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}

int main() {
  ll input(n);
  vector<vector<ll>> graph(n);
  REP(i, n) {
    ll input(u, k);
    REP(j, k) {
      ll input(v);
      graph[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
    }
  }

  vector<bool> visited(n);
  vector<ll> cost(n);
  queue<pair<ll, ll>> que;
  que.push({0, 0});
  while (!que.empty()) {
    pair<ll, ll> node = que.front();
    que.pop();

    if (!visited[node.first]) {
      cost[node.first] = node.second;
    }
    visited[node.first] = true;

    for(auto v: graph[node.first]) {
      if (!visited[v]) {
        que.push({v, node.second + 1});
      }
    }
  }
  REP(i, n) {
    if (!visited[i]) cost[i] = -1;
    cout << i + 1 << " " << cost[i] << endl;;
  }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int d[100];
vector<int> adj[100];

void bfs(int n, int start) {
	queue<int> que;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		d[i] = (i == start ? 0 : -1);

	que.push(start);
	while(!que.empty()) {
		int from = que.front();
		que.pop();

		for (int i = 0; i < adj[from].size(); i++) {
			int to = adj[from][i];
			if (d[to] == -1) {
				d[to] = d[from] + 1;
				que.push(to);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	int n;

	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		while (k--) {
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			adj[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
		}
	}

	bfs(n, 0);

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

#define MAX_N (105)

int n;
bool G[MAX_N][MAX_N];
int dist[MAX_N];
int main()
{
    queue<int> q;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for ( int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
	int u, k;
	scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
	for ( int j = 0; j < k; j++ ) {
	    int d;
	    scanf("%d", &d);
	    G[u][d] = true;
	}
    }

    memset(dist, -1, (n+1) * sizeof(int));

    dist[1] = 0;
    q.push(1);
    
    while ( !q.empty() ) {
	int cur = q.front(); q.pop();
	for ( int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
	    if ( G[cur][i] && (dist[i] == -1) ) {
		dist[i] = dist[cur] + 1;
		q.push(i);
	    }
	}
    }

    for ( int i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) {
	printf("%d %d\n", i, dist[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
#define NIL -2000000001
#define MAX 101
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

int n = 0;
int adl[MAX][MAX], deg[MAX];
int adm[MAX][MAX];
int color[MAX];
int d[MAX];
queue<int> queueBfs;


void bfs() {
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    color[i] = WHITE;
    d[i] = -1;
  }
  queueBfs.push(0);
  color[0] = GRAY;
  d[0] = 0;

  while (!queueBfs.empty()) {
    int top = queueBfs.front();

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (adm[top][i] == 1 && color[i] == WHITE) {
        queueBfs.push(i);
        color[i] = GRAY;
        d[i] = d[top]+1;
      }
    }

    queueBfs.pop();
  }
}

int main() {
  scanf("%d", &n);
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
      adm[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    int num;
    scanf("%d", &num);
    num--;
    scanf("%d", &deg[num]);
    for ( int j = 0; j < deg[num]; j++) {
      scanf("%d", &adl[num][j]);
      adl[num][j]--;
      adm[num][adl[num][j]] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs();

  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
  }



  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

const int Max = 105;
int map[Max + 1][Max + 1];

typedef struct{
	bool startflag;
	int distance;
}State;

int main()
{
	int n, k, l, temp;
	std::queue<int> q;
	std::vector<State> state;

	for (int i = 1; i < Max + 1; i++){
		for (int j = 1; j < Max + 1; j++){
			map[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	std::cin >> n;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		std::cin >> k >> l;
		for (int j = 1; j <= l; j++){
			std::cin >> temp;
			map[k][temp] = 1;
		}
	}

	State s = { false, 0 };
	for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
		state.push_back(s);
	}

	int d = 0;
	while (1){
		if (q.empty() == true){
			bool f = false;
			for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
				if (state[i].startflag == false){
					q.push(i);
					state[i].startflag = true;
					d = 0;
					state[i].distance = d;
					d++;
					f = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (f == false){
				break;
			}
		}
		int size = q.size();
		for (int j = 0; j < size; j++){
			for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
				if (map[q.front()][i] == 1 && state[i].startflag == false){
					q.push(i);
					state[i].startflag = true;
					state[i].distance = d;
				}
			}
			q.pop();
		}
		d++;
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		std::cout << i << " " << state[i].distance << std::endl;
	}

	return 0;
}