Go: package main

import "fmt"

type container struct {
	data []int
}

func (c *container) queue(v int) {
	c.data = append(c.data, v)
}
func (c *container) dequeue(p *int) bool {
	if p == nil || len(c.data) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	*p = c.data[0]
	c.data = c.data[1:len(c.data)]
	return true
}

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	g := make([][]int, n+1) // 1-indexed
	d := make([]int, n+1)   // 1-indexed
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		d[i] = -1
		var u, k, v int
		fmt.Scan(&u, &k)
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			fmt.Scan(&v)
			g[u] = append(g[u], v)
		}
	}

	var q container
	d[1] = 0
	q.queue(1)

for len(q.data) > 0  { // 幅優先探索
		var v int
		q.dequeue(&v)
		for i := 0; i < len(g[v]); i++ {
			nv := g[v][i]
		if d[nv] == -1 { // 未訪問
				q.queue(nv)
				d[nv] = d[v] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i])
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <list>

class Graph{
public:
	std::vector< std::vector<int> > A;
	std::vector<int> d;
	std::list<std::vector<int> > Q;
	int n;

	Graph(int n);

	void BreadthFirstSearch();

};

Graph::Graph(int n){
	A.resize(n);
	d.resize(n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		A[i].resize(n);
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++){
			A[i][j] = 0;
		}
		d[i] = -1;
	}
	this->n = n;
}

void Graph::BreadthFirstSearch(){
	d[0] = 0;
	std::vector<int> a(2, 0);
	a[1] = 1;
	Q.push_back(a);
	while (!Q.empty()){
		std::vector<int> f = Q.front();
		Q.pop_front();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
			if (A[f[0]][i] == 1 && d[i] == -1){
				d[i] = f[1];
				a[0] = i;
				a[1] = f[1] + 1;
				Q.push_back(a);
			}
		}
	}
	return;
}

int main(){
	int n, u, k, v;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	Graph G(n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++){
			scanf("%d", &v);
			G.A[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
		}
	}

	G.BreadthFirstSearch();

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		printf("%d %d\n", i+1, G.d[i]);
	}


	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<utility>

using namespace std;



int main() {
	queue<pair<int, int>> q;
	int n,row,size,tmp;
	pair<int, int> ptmp;
	cin >> n;
	int** mat = new int* [n];
	int *distance = new int[n];
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		cin >> row >> size;
		mat[row - 1] = new int[n];
		for (int j = 0;j < n;j++) {
			mat[row - 1][j] = 0;
		}
		for (int j = 0;j < size;j++) {
			cin >> tmp;
			mat[row - 1][tmp - 1] = 1;
		}
		distance[i] = -1;
	}
	distance[0] = 0;
	q.push(make_pair(0, 0));
	while (!q.empty()) {
		ptmp = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
			if (mat[ptmp.first][i] && distance[i] == -1) {
				distance[i] = ptmp.second + 1;
				q.push(make_pair(i, ptmp.second + 1));
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << distance[i] << endl;
	}


}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int degree,number,num,count;
	cin>>degree;
	int arr[100][100];
	for(int i=0;i<degree;i++)
	{
		for(int j=0;j<degree;j++)
		{
			arr[i][j]=0;
		}
	}
	for(int i=0;i<degree;i++)
	{
		cin>>count;
		cin>>number;
		for(int j=0;j<number;j++)
		{
			cin>>num;
			arr[i][num-1]=1;
		}
	}
	int queue[100];
	int L=0,R=0;
	int ans[degree];
	bool flag=false;
	for(int i=0;i<degree;i++)
	{
		ans[i]=0;
	}
	R+=1;
	while(L!=R)
	{
		for(int i=0;i<degree;i++)
		{
			if(arr[queue[L]][i]!=0 && ans[i]==0)
			{
				queue[R++]=i;
				ans[i]=ans[queue[L]]+1;
			}
		}
		L++;
	}
	for(int i=0;i<degree;i++)
	{
		cout<<i+1<<" ";
		if(ans[i]==0 && i!=0)
		{
			cout<<"-1"<<endl;
		}
		else if(i!=0)
		{
			cout<<ans[i]<<endl;
		}
		if(i==0)
			cout<<0<<endl;
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#define FOR(i,a,b) for (int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
using namespace std;
int G[100][100];
queue<int> q;

class ANS
{
public:
	int id, d;
	bool done;
};

void bfs(ANS a[])
{
	q.push(a[0].id);
	a[q.front() - 1].done = true;
	a[q.front() - 1].d++;
	while (q.empty() != true)
	{
		int Q = q.front();
		FOR(i, 1, 100)
		{
			if (G[Q-1][i-1] == 1 && a[i-1].done == false)
			{
				a[i-1].done = true;
				a[i-1].d = a[Q-1].d + 1;
				q.push(i);
			}
		}
		q.pop();
	}
}

int main()
{
	ANS ans[100];
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	FOR(i, 0, n)
	{
		ans[i] = { i + 1,-1,false };
		int u, m;
		cin >> u >> m;
		FOR(j, 0, m)
		{
			int l;
			cin >> l;
			G[u - 1][l - 1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(ans);
	FOR(i, 0, n)
	{
		cout << ans[i].id << " " << ans[i].d << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>
#include <queue>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <map>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef  long long ll;

void bfs(int start, int n, vector<vector<int>> &a) {
	int INF = 10000000;
	vector<int> d(n, INF);
	queue<int> q;
	d[start] = 0;
	q.push(start);
	while (q.size() != 0) {
		int u = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (a[u][i] == 0)
				continue;
			if (d[i] != INF)
				continue;
			d[i] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(i);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (d[i] == INF) {
			cout << i + 1 << " -1" << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
		}
	}
}
int main()
{
	int n;
	vector<vector<int>> a;
	cin >> n;
	a.resize(n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		a[i].resize(n);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int temp, k;
		cin >> temp >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int temp2;
			cin >> temp2;
			a[temp - 1][temp2 - 1] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(0, n, a);

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>

#define LP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define Mset(x,v) memset(x,v,sizeof(x))

using namespace std;
using LL=long long;
const int INF=100000000;

int A[110][110],d[100];

int main(){
    int n,u,k,v;
    cin>>n;
    LP(i,n){
        cin>>u>>k;
        LP(j,k){
            cin>>v;
            A[u-1][v-1]=1;
        }
    }
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    LP(i,n) d[i]=INF;
    d[0]=0;
    int x=0;
    while(!q.empty()){
        x=q.front();
        q.pop();
        LP(i,n){
            if(A[x][i]==0) continue;
            if(d[i]!=INF) continue;
            d[i]=d[x]+1;
            q.push(i);
        }
    }
    LP(i,n){
        cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INF)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>
#define INF 999999999
using namespace std;

int res[101];
int G[101][101] = {0};

int main() {
    int n, u, v, k;
    std::queue<int> Q;
    std::cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        std::cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            std::cin >> v;
            G[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i] = INF;

    Q.push(0);
    res[0] = 0;

    while (! Q.empty()) {
        u = Q.front();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (G[u][i]) {
                Q.push(i);
                res[i] = std::min(res[i], res[u] + 1);
            }
        }
        Q.pop();
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (res[i] != INF) std::cout << i + 1 << " " << res[i] << "\n";
        else std::cout << i + 1 << " -1\n";
    }

    return 0;
}