Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)

	paths[1] = 1
	d := 2
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()

		pushed := false
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
				pushed = true
			}
		}
		if pushed {
			d += 1
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h> 

#define int long long
#define double long double

#define REP(i, b) for(int i = 0; i < (b); i++)
#define REPS(i, b) for(int i = 1; i <= (b); i++)
#define ALL(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()

#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair

using namespace std;

using pi = pair<int, int>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using vs = vector<string>;
using vb = vector<bool>;
using vpi = vector<pi>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vvb = vector<vb>;

const int INF = 1e16;
const int MOD = 1e9+7;

template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }

signed main()
{
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(10);

    int n; cin >> n;
    vvi G(n, vi(n));
    vi d(n, INF); d[0] = 0;
    REP(i, n)
    {
        int u, k; cin >> u >> k; u--;
        REP(j, k)
        {
            int v; cin >> v; v--;
            G[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    REP(k, n)
    {
        REP(i, n)
        {
            REP(j, n)
            {
                if(G[i][j] == 1) chmin(d[j], d[i]+1);
            }
        }
    }
    REP(i, n) cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INF) ? -1 : d[i]) << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <climits>
using namespace std;

#define MAX_N 101

int n;
vector<vector<int> > A(MAX_N, vector<int>(MAX_N, 0));
queue<int> Q;
int d[MAX_N];

int main()
{
    int i, u, k, v;
    cin >> n;
    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        while (k--) {
            cin >> v;
            A[u][v]++;
        }
        d[i] = -1;
    }
    d[1] = 0;
    Q.push(1);
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        u = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            if (A[u][i] && d[i] == -1) {
                d[i] = d[u] + 1;
                Q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) 
#define PI acos(-1)

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int, int>;
using LP = pair<ll, ll>;

int main() {
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin>>n;
    vector<vector<int>> adj(n);
    rep(i, n) {
        int u, k, v;
        cin>>u>>k; u--;
        rep(j, k) {
            cin>>v; v--;
            adj[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<int> dist(n, -1);
    queue<P> q;
    q.push(P(0, 0));
    while (!q.empty()) {
        P p = q.front(); q.pop();
        int v = p.first;
        if (dist[v] != -1) continue;
        int d = p.second;
        dist[v] = d;
        for (auto e : adj[v]) {
            q.push(P(e, d + 1));
        }
    }
    rep(i, n) cout<<i + 1<<" "<<dist[i]<<endl;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
  int n;
  scanf("%d", &n);

  std::vector<std::vector<int>> graph;
  graph.resize(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
  {
    int u, k, v;
    scanf("%d%d", &u, &k);
    for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j)
    {
      scanf("%d", &v);
      graph[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
    }
  }

  std::queue<int> vertex;
  vertex.push(0);
  int current_distance = 0;

  int distances[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    distances[i] = -1;

  while (vertex.size() > 0)
  {
    int s = vertex.size();

    // Loop for current depth
    for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i)
    {
      int id = vertex.front();
      vertex.pop();

      if (distances[id] == -1)
        distances[id] = current_distance;

      std::vector<int>::const_iterator itr;
      for (itr = graph[id].begin(); itr != graph[id].end(); ++itr)
        vertex.push(*itr);
    }

    ++current_distance;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, distances[i]);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j] = 0;
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];


void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=INFTY;
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u=q.front();q.pop();
        for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
            if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
            if(d[v]!=INFTY) continue;
            d[v]=d[u]+1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int u,k,v;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j=0;i<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cin>>u>>k;
        u--;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            cin>>v;
            v--;
            M[u][v]=1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;
typedef long long int llg;

const int INF = 1000001000;
#define REP(var, count) for(int var=0; var<count; var++)


int vert[100010];
int edge[500010][3];

int main(void) {
	int V, E, r;
	scanf("%d", &V);
	scanf("%d", &E);
	scanf("%d", &r);
	
	REP(v, V) { vert[v] = INF; }
	vert[r] = 0;
	
	REP(i, E) {
		scanf("%d", &edge[i][0]);
		scanf("%d", &edge[i][1]);
		scanf("%d", &edge[i][2]);
	}
	
	REP(v, V) {
		bool update = false;
		REP(i, E) {
			int s = edge[i][0];
			int t = edge[i][1];
			if ( vert[s] != INF && vert[t] > (vert[s]+edge[i][2]) ) {
				vert[t] = vert[s] + edge[i][2];
				update = true;
			}
		}
		if ( !update ) { break; }
	}
	
	REP(v, V) {
		if ( vert[v] == INF ) {
			cout << "INF" << endl;
		} else {
			cout << vert[v] << endl;
		}
	}

}