Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

const static int MAX = 100;
const static int INF = 1001001001;
int A[MAX][MAX];
int d[MAX];
int p[MAX];
int color[MAX];

int main(void){
    int n, tmp, u, mincost, sum;
    std::cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
	for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
	    std::cin >> tmp;
	    if(tmp == -1) A[i][j] = INF;
	    else A[i][j] = tmp;
	}
    }

    d[0] = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
	d[i] = INF;
    }
    p[0] = -1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
	color[i] = 0;
    }

    while(true){
	mincost = INF;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
	    if(mincost > d[i] && color[i] == 0){
		mincost = d[i];
		u = i;
	    }
	}
	color[u] = 1;

	if(mincost == INF) break;

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
	    if(d[i] > A[u][i] && color[i] == 0){
		d[i] = A[u][i];
		p[i] = u;
	    }
	}
    }

    sum = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
	color[i] = 0;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
	int cur = i;
	while(p[cur] != -1 && color[cur] == 0){
	    sum += A[p[cur]][cur];
	    color[cur] = 1;
	    cur = p[cur];
	}
    }
    std::cout << sum << std::endl;



    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int white=0;
static const int gray=1;
static const int black=2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u,minv;
    int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	d[i]=INFTY;
	p[i]=-1;
	color[i]=white;
    }
    d[0]=0;
    while(1){
	minv=INFTY;
	u=-1;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	    if(minv>d[i]&&color[i]!=black){
		u=i;
		minv=d[i];
	    }
	}
	if(u==-1)break;
	color[u]=black;
	for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	    if(color[v]!=black&&M[u][v]!=INFTY){
		if(d[v]>M[u][v]){
		    d[v]=M[u][v];
		    p[v]=u;
		    color[v]=gray;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

    int sum=0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	if(p[i]!=-1)
	    sum+=M[i][p[i]];
    }

    return sum;

}

int main(){
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
	    int e;
	    cin>>e;
	    M[i][j]=(e==-1)?INFTY:e;
	}
    }
    cout<<prim()<<endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 static const int WHITE = 0;
 static const int GRAY = 1;
 static const int BLACK =2;
 static const int MAX = 100;
 static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
 
 int n,M[MAX][MAX];
 
 int prim(){
 	int u,miv;
 	int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
 	
 	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
 		d[i] = INFTY;
 		p[i] = -1;
 		color[i] = WHITE;
 	}
 	
 	d[0]=0;
 	
 	while(1){
 		u=-1;
 		miv = INFTY;
 		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
 			if(color[i]!=BLACK&&d[i]<miv){
 				miv = d[i];
 				u=i;
 			}
 		}
 		if(miv==INFTY) break;
 		
 		color[u] = BLACK;
 		
 		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
 			if(color[i]!=BLACK&&M[u][i]!=INFTY){
 				if(d[i]>M[u][i]){
 					d[i] = M[u][i];
 					p[i] = u;
 					color[i] = GRAY;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	int sum=0;
 	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
 		if(p[i]!=-1)
 		sum+=p[i];
 	}
 	return sum;
 }
 
 int main(){
 	cin>>n;
 	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
 		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
 			int e;cin>>e;
 			M[i][j]=(e==-1)?INFTY:e;
 		}
 	}
 	cout<<prim()<<endl;
 	return 0;
 }

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#include<limits.h>
#define NIL -1
static const int MAX = 500;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
main(){
  int n, i, j, e, v, sum, u , minV, A[MAX];
  /*your code*/
  int M[MAX][MAX], key[MAX], p[MAX];
  
  scanf("%d", &n);
  
  for ( i = 0; i< n; i++ ){
    for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ){
      scanf("%d", &e);
      M[i][j] = (e==-1)?INFTY:e;
    }
  }
  /*
    your code
  */
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    key[i] = INT_MAX;
    p[i] = NIL;
    A[i] = NIL;
  }
  
  key[0]=0;
  
  while(1){
    
    u = NIL;
    
    minV = INT_MAX;
    
    for(i = 0;  i < n; i++){
      
      if(key[i] < minV && A[i] == NIL){
	
	u = i;
	
	minV = key[i];
	
      }
      
    }  
    if(u == NIL)break;
    
    A[u] = u; 
    
    for(v = 0; v < n; v++){
      if(M[u][v] < key[v] && A[v] == NIL){
	key[v] = M[u][v];
	p[v] = u;
      }
    }
  }
  
  sum = 0;
  
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
    if ( p[i] != -1 ) sum +=M[p[i]][i];
  }
  
  printf("%d\n", sum);
  
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#define MAX_VERTEXES 100
#define NIL -1
#define ZERO 0
#define INFTY 2001//>2000
using namespace std;

//think easy make easy


int n;//num of vertexes(頂点)
int matrix_graph[MAX_VERTEXES+1+1][MAX_VERTEXES+1+1];//1オリジン
bool vertix_set[MAX_VERTEXES+1+1];
int mincst = 0;

void findMinEdge(){//次に加える辺を決定する関数
	int minval_tmp = INFTY;
	int next_vertex;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			if(vertix_set[i] == true && vertix_set[j] == false){
				if(matrix_graph[i][j] < minval_tmp && matrix_graph[i][j] != NIL){
					next_vertex = j;
					minval_tmp = matrix_graph[i][j];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	mincst += minval_tmp;
	vertix_set[next_vertex] = true;
}

int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);


	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			matrix_graph[i][j] = ZERO;
		}
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			scanf("%d",&matrix_graph[i][j]);
		}
	}

	/*確認用
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			if(j<n) printf("%d ",matrix_graph[i][j]);
			else printf("%d\n",matrix_graph[i][j]);
		}
	}
	*/

	int minval_tmp = INFTY;
	int next_vertex1;
	int next_vertex2;

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		vertix_set[i] = false;
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){//しつこい
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			if(matrix_graph[i][j] < minval_tmp && matrix_graph[i][j] != NIL){
				minval_tmp = matrix_graph[i][j];
				next_vertex1 = i;
				next_vertex2 = j;
			}
		}
	}
	vertix_set[next_vertex1] = true;
	vertix_set[next_vertex2] = true;
	mincst += minval_tmp;

	

	for(int i=1;i<n-1;i++){
		findMinEdge();
	}
	cout <<mincst <<endl;

	return 0;
}