Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define INF 1000000
using namespace std;
class st
{
	public:
		int vertex;
		int dis;
	st();
	st(int,int);
};

st::st()
{
	vertex=-1;
	dis=-1;
}

st::st(int v,int d)
{
	vertex=v;
	dis=d;
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	int g[101][101];
	for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
		for(int j=0;j<=n;j++)
		{
			if (i==j)
				g[i][j]=0;
			else
				g[i][j]=INF;
		}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		int f,en;
		cin>>f>>en;
		for(int j=0;j<en;j++)
		{
			int t;
			cin>>t;
			g[f][t]=1;

		}
	}

/*	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	{
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			cout<<g[i][j]<<" ";
		cout<<endl;
	}
*/
	int visited[101];
	for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
		visited[i]=INF;

	queue<st> Q;
	st first=st(1,0);
	Q.push(first);
	while(!Q.empty())
	{
		st now=Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		{
			if(g[now.vertex][i]+now.dis<visited[i])
			{
				visited[i]=g[now.vertex][i]+now.dis;
				Q.push(st(i,visited[i]));
			}
		}
	}
	
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		cout<<i<<" "<<(visited[i]>=INF?-i:visited[i])<<endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int n ,dist[128];
bool rel[128][128];

int main() {
	scanf("%d", &n);
	
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		int u, k;
		scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
		
		dist[u] = INT_MAX;
		for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
			rel[u][j] = false;
		}
		while(k--){
			int v;
			scanf("%d", &v);
			rel[u][v] = true;
		}
	}
	
	queue<int> visit;
	visit.push(1);
	dist[1] = 0;
	
	while(visit.size()){
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			if(rel[visit.front()][i] && 1 + dist[visit.front()] < dist[i]){
				visit.push(i);
				dist[i] = 1 + dist[visit.front()];
			}
		}
		visit.pop();
	}
	
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		printf("%d %d\n", i, dist[i]==INT_MAX ? -1 : dist[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: def dfs(src)
  D[src] = $time
  (0..N - 1).each do |dst|
    if D[dst] == nil && G[src][dst] == 1
      D[dst] = D[src] + 1
      dfs(dst)
    end
  end
end

N = gets.to_i
G = (1..N).map{ Array.new(N, 0) }
N.times do
  u, k, *v = gets.split(' ').map(&:to_i)
  v.each do |vi|
    G[u - 1][vi - 1] = 1
  end
end

D = Array.new(N) #??????????¨????????????????
# F = Array.new(N) #?????£???????????????


# $time = 1
D[0] = 0

(0..N-1).each do |id|
  dfs(id) unless D[id]
end

(0..N-1).each do |id|
  puts "#{id + 1} #{D[id]}"
end

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++)
#define FOR(i,a,n) for(int i=(a); i<(n); i++)
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define fi first
#define se second
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vl = vector<ll>;
using P = pair<int ,int>;
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;
const int INF = 1e9;
const int MOD = 1e9+7;

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);

    int n; cin >> n;
    Graph G(n);
    rep(i, n) {
        int _, k; cin >> _ >> k;
        rep(j, k) {
            int x; cin >> x; x--;
            G[i].push_back(x);
        }
    }

    queue<int> que;
    vector<int> seen(n, -1);
    que.push(0);
    seen[0] = 0;
    while (que.size()) {
        int v = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for(const auto nv: G[v]) {
            if (seen[nv]!=-1) continue;
            seen[nv] = seen[v]+1;
            que.push(nv);
        }
    }
    
    rep(i, n) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << seen[i] << endl;
    }
}