Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u, minv, i;
    int d[MAX], q[MAX], color[MAX];
    
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        d[i] = INFTY;
        q[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    
    while ( 1 ){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        for ( int i = 0; i < n; i ++ ){
            if ( minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK ){
                u = i;
                minv =d[i];
            }
        }
        if ( u == -1 ) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for ( int v = 0; v < n; v++ ){
            if ( color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
                if ( d[v] > M[u][v] ){
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    q[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
        if( q[i] != -1 ) sum += M[i][q[i]];
    }
    
    return sum;
}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
        for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ){
            int e; cin >> e;
            M[i][j] = ( e == -1 ) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }
    
    cout << prim() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define white 0
#define gray 1
#define black 2
#define NIL -1
#define MAX 2000
#define N 100
#define INFTY (1<<21)

int n,a[N][N];

int prim(){
    int u,minv;
    int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
    
    for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = NIL;
        color[i] = white;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    
    while(1){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = NIL;
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
            if(minv > d[i]&&color[i] != black){
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u == NIL)break;
        color[u] = black;
        for(int v = 0;v < n;v++){
            if(color[v] != black&&a[u][v] != INFTY){
                if(d[v] > a[u][v]){
                    d[v] = a[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = gray;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
        if(p[i] != NIL)sum += a[i][p[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin >> n;
    
    for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
        for(int j = 0;j < n;j++){
            cin >> a[i][j];
            if(a[i][j] == NIL)a[i][j] = INFTY;
        }
    }
    
    cout << prim() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define INF 10000000
#define NIL -1
#define BLACK 2
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define MAX 100
using namespace std;

int color[MAX]={},d[MAX]={},pi[MAX]={},n;

int prim(int w[MAX][MAX]){
    int u,i,v,mincost;
    for(u=0;u<n;u++){
        d[u]=INF;
        pi[u]=NIL;
        color[u]=WHITE;
    }
    d[0]=0;
    while(1){
        mincost = INF;
        u=-1;
        for(i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(color[i]!=BLACK&&d[i]<mincost){
                mincost=d[i];
                u=i;
            }
        }
        if(u==-1)break;
        color[u]=BLACK;
        for(v=0;v<n;v++){
            if(color[v]!=BLACK&&w[u][v]!=INF){
                if(d[v]>w[u][v]){
                    pi[v]=u;
                    d[v]=w[u][v];
                    color[v]=GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int sum=0;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++){
        if(pi[i]!=NIL)sum+=w[i][pi[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}

int main(){
    int w[MAX][MAX],i,j;
    cin>>n;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(j=0;j<n;j++){
            cin>>w[i][j];
            if(w[i][j]==-1)w[i][j]=INF;
        }
    }
    cout<<prim(w)<<endl;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
template< typename FirstType, typename SecondType >
struct PairComparator {
  bool operator()( const pair<FirstType, SecondType>& p1, const pair<FirstType, SecondType>& p2 ) const 
    {  
		return p1.first > p2.first;
    }
};
bool inMST(vector< std::pair<int,int> > & MST,int j) {
	for (int k=0;k<(int)MST.size();++k){
		if(j == MST[k].first)
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}
int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<int> E(n*n);
	vector< std::pair<int,int> > MST;

	for(int k=0;k<n*n;++k) {
		cin >> E[k];
	}
	priority_queue<pair<int,pair<int,int> >,vector< pair<int,pair<int,int> > >,
		PairComparator<int,pair<int,int> > > r;

	//put Node 0
	int cost = 0;
	int i=0;
	MST.push_back(pair<int,int>(i,i));
	while((int)MST.size() < n) {
		int ii=i*n;
		for (int j=0;j<n;++j) {
			if (E[ii+j] > 0) {
				pair<int,int> add = std::make_pair(i,j);
				if (!inMST(MST,add.second)){
					r.push(std::pair<int,std::pair<int,int> >(E[ii+j],add));
				}
			}
		}
		pair<int,pair<int,int> > top;
		while (!r.empty()) {
			top = r.top();
			r.pop();
			if (!inMST(MST,top.second.second)){
				break;
			}
		}
		cost += top.first;
		MST.push_back(top.second);
		i = top.second.second;
	}
	cout << cost << endl;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++)
using namespace std;

int N;
const int MAX_E=100;
int label[MAX_E];
priority_queue<int,vector<pair<int,pair<int,int> > >,greater<pair<int,pair<int,int> > > > pq;

int main(){
  cin>>N;
  REP(i,N)
    label[i]=i;
  REP(i,N){
    REP(j,N){
      int a;cin>>a;
      if(a>=0&&i>j){
	pq.push(make_pair(a,make_pair(i,j)));
      }
    }
  }
  int size=0;
  while(!pq.empty()){
    int cost=pq.top().first;
    pair<int,int> e=pq.top().second;
    //printf("%d,%d,%d\n",cost,e.first,e.second);
    pq.pop();
    if(label[e.first]!=label[e.second]){
      int tmp=label[e.second];
      size+=cost;
      REP(i,N){
	if(label[i]==tmp)
	  label[i]=label[e.first];
	//printf("%d ",label[i]);
      }
      //printf("\n");
    }
  }
  printf("%d\n",size);
}