Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const int MAX=105;
const int INF= 1<<30;
int M[MAX][MAX],n,d[MAX],p[MAX],vis[MAX];
void init(){
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		d[i]=INF;
		p[i]=-1;
		vis[i]=0;
	}
	d[0]=0;
}
int Prim(){
	init();
	while (true){
		int u=-1;
		int minCost=INF;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(!vis[i] && d[i]<minCost){
				u=i;
				minCost=d[i];
			}
		}
		if(u==-1)break;
		vis[u]=1;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(!vis[i] && M[u][i]!=-1 &&M[u][i]<d[i]){
				d[i]=M[u][i];
				p[i]=u;
			}
		}
	}
	int sum=0;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		sum+= (p[i]==-1)?0:M[i][p[i]];
	}
	return sum;
}
int main(){
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			cin>>M[i][j];
		}
	}
	cout<<Prim()<<endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int m,n,x,ans;
int P[100+10],edge1[2000+10],edge2[2000+10];


int root(int a){
	if (P[a] == a) return a;
	return (P[a] = root(P[a]));
}

bool same(int a, int b){
	return root(a)==root(b);
}
	
void unite(int a, int b){
	P[root(a)] = root(b);
}

int main() {
	pair<int,int> edges[2000+10];
	cin >> n;
	
	for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
		P[i] = i;
	}
	
	m = 0;
	for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
		for (int j=1; j<=n; j++){
			cin >> x;
			if (x>-1){
				edge1[m] = i;
				edge2[m] = j;
				edges[m] = make_pair(x, m);
				m+=1;
			}
		}
	}
	
	sort(edges, edges+m);
	
	for (int i=0; i<m; i++){
		if (!same(edge1[edges[i].second], edge2[edges[i].second])){
			unite(edge1[edges[i].second], edge2[edges[i].second]);
			ans += edges[i].first;
		}
	}
	
	cout << ans << endl;
	
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define INFTY 1000001
#define MAX 100

class Edge{
public:
    int target, cost;
    Edge(int target = 0, int cost = 0) : target(target), cost(cost) {}
};

std::vector<Edge> G[MAX];
bool visited[MAX];
int parent[MAX], key[MAX];
int V, minv, min_index;

int minKey() {
    minv = INFTY;
    for (int v = 0; v < V; v++)
        if (!visited[v] && key[v] < minv)
            minv= key[v], min_index = v;
    return min_index;
}


void printMST()
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < V; i++)
        sum += key[i];
    std::printf("%d\n", sum);

}

void prim() {

    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
        key[i] = INFTY;
        visited[i] = false;
    }
    key[0] = 0;
    parent[0] = -1;

    int current, target, cost;

    for (int i = 0; i < V-1; i++) {
        current = minKey();
        visited[current] = true;

        for (unsigned long v = 0; v < G[current].size(); v++) {
            target = G[current][v].target;
            cost = G[current][v].cost;
            if (!visited[target] && cost < key[target])
                parent[target] = current, key[target] = cost;
        }
    }
    printMST();

}


int main()
{
    std::scanf("%d", &V);
    int cost;

    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < V; j++) {
            std::scanf("%d", &cost);
            if (cost != -1) G[i].push_back(Edge(j, cost));
        }
    }

    prim();
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

// ---------------------
// repetition
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)

// debug
#define dump(x)  cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;
#define debug(x) cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << " (L" << __LINE__ << ")" << " " << __FILE__ << endl;

// ---------------------
#define INF 922337203685477580
typedef long long ll;

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;

  int G[n][n];
  int visited[n];
  int d[n];
  int p[n];
  REP(y, n) {
    REP(x, n) {
      int cost;
      cin >> cost;

      if (cost == -1) {
        G[y][x] = 1 << 15;
      } else {
        G[y][x] = cost;
      }
    }
    visited[y] = 0;
    d[y] = 1 << 15;
    p[y] = -1;
  }

  d[0] = 0;

  REP(_, n) {
    int mincost = 1 << 15;
    int minv;
    REP(v, n) {
      if (!visited[v] && d[v] < mincost) {
        minv = v;
      }
    }
    visited[minv] = 1;
    REP(to, n) {
      if (G[minv][to] < (1 << 15) && G[minv][to] < d[to]) {
        d[to] = G[minv][to];
        p[to] = minv;
      }
    }
  }

  ll sum = 0;
  REP(i, n) {
    if (p[i] != -1) {
      sum += G[i][p[i]];
    }
  }

  cout << sum << endl;
  return 0;
}