Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include <map>
#include <set>
#include <list>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <numeric>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
  
#define mp       make_pair
#define pb       push_back
#define all(x)   (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
  
using namespace std;
  
typedef    long long          ll;
typedef    unsigned long long ull;
typedef    vector<bool>       vb;
typedef    vector<int>        vi;
typedef    vector<vb>         vvb;
typedef    vector<vi>         vvi;
typedef    pair<int,int>      pii;
  
const int INF=1<<29;
const double EPS=1e-9;
  
const int dx[]={1,0,-1,0,1,1,-1,-1},dy[]={0,-1,0,1,1,-1,-1,1};

class UnionFind {
public:
    int N;
    std::vector<int> parent;
    UnionFind(int n) : N(n), parent(N, -1) {
    }
    void Union(int a, int b) {
        a = root(a);
        b = root(b);
        int sizea = size(a);
        int sizeb = size(b);
        if (sizea > sizeb) {
            int temp = a;
            a = b;
            b = temp;
        }
        parent[b] += parent[a];
        parent[a] = b;
    }
    int root(int a) {
        if (parent[a] < 0) return a;
        return parent[a] = root(parent[a]);
    }
    int size(int a) {
        return -parent[root(a)];
    }
    bool Find(int a, int b) {
        return root(a) == root(b);
    }
};

struct edge {
    int a;
    int b;
    int c;
    bool operator<(const edge &rhs) const {
        return c < rhs.c;
    }
    edge(int a_, int b_, int c_) : a(a_), b(b_), c(c_) {

    }
};

int main() {
    int N;
    cin >> N;

    UnionFind uf(N);
    std::vector<edge> e;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
            int c;
            cin >> c;
            if (c == -1) continue;
            e.push_back((edge){i, j, c});
        }
    }

    sort(e.begin(), e.end());

    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < e.size(); i++) {
        if (!uf.Find(e[i].a, e[i].b)) {
            uf.Union(e[i].a, e[i].b);
            ans += e[i].c;
        }
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<climits>
#include<vector>
#include<list>
#include<functional>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include<complex>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<deque>
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define INF (int)1e9
#define INFL (ll)1e11
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> P;

int prim(vector<vector<int>> a) {
	int n = a.size();
	priority_queue<P, vector<P>, greater<P>> pq;
	pq.push(P(0, 0));
	set<int> mst;
	int res = 0;
	while (mst.size() < n) {
		int s = pq.top().second;
		res += pq.top().first;
		pq.pop();
		mst.insert(s);
		REP(j, n) {
			if (a[s][j] >= 0 && mst.find(j) == mst.end()) {
				pq.push(P(a[s][j], j));
			}
		}
	}
	return res;
}

int main() {
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<int>> a(n, vector<int>(n));
	REP(i, n)REP(j, n) cin >> a[i][j];

	cout << prim(a) << "\n";
	
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX = 10000;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n;
vector<pair<int,int> > adj[MAX][MAX];

void dijkstra(){
    priority_queue<pair<int,int> > PQ;
    int color[MAX];
    int d[MAX];
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    PQ.push(make_pair(0,0));
    color[0] = GRAY;
    
    while(!PQ.empty()){
        pair<int,int> f = PQ.top(); PQ.pop();
        int u = f.second;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        
        if(d[u] < f.first*(-1)) continue;
        
        for(int j=0; j<adj[u].size(); j++){
            int v = adj[u][j].first;
            if(color[v]==BLACK) continue;
            if(d[v]>d[u]+adj[u][j].second){
                d[v] = d[u]+adj[u][j].second;
                PQ.push(make_pair(d[v]*(-1),v));
                color[v] = GRAY;
            }
        }
    }
    
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        cout << i << " " << (d[i]==INFTY ? -1 : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    int k,u,v,c;
    
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        for(int j=0; j<k; j++){
            cin >> v >> c;
            adj[u].push_back(make_pair(v,c));
        }
    }
    
    dijkstra();
    
    return 0;
}