Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)

	paths[1] = 1
	d := 2
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()

		pushed := false
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
				pushed = true
			}
		}
		if pushed {
			d += 1
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES

#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <tuple>
#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <fstream>
#include <numeric>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <cstring>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>

namespace
{
	template<int N>
	std::array<int, N> GetValue(std::istream& stream)
	{
		std::string buf;
		std::getline(stream, buf);

		std::stringstream sstr(buf);
		std::array<int, N> retval;

		for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
		{
			std::getline(sstr, buf, ' ');
			retval[i] = std::stoi(buf);
		}

		return retval;
	}

	std::vector<int> GetValue(std::istream& stream, int num, char delim)
	{
		std::string buf;
		std::getline(stream, buf);
		std::stringstream sstr(buf);

		std::vector<int> retval;
		retval.reserve(num);

		std::string input;;
		for (int i = 0; i < num && std::getline(sstr, input, delim); ++i)
		{
			retval.push_back(std::stoi(input));
		}

		return retval;
	}

	int GetValue(std::istream& stream)
	{
		int in;
		stream >> in;

		return in;
	}

	std::vector<std::string> GetValueString(std::istream& stream, int num, char delim)
	{
		std::string buf;
		std::vector<std::string> retval;
		retval.reserve(num);

		std::getline(stream, buf);
		std::stringstream sstr(buf);

		for (int i = 0; i < num && std::getline(sstr, buf, delim); ++i)
		{
			retval.push_back(std::move(buf));
		}

		return retval;
	}

	template<typename Itr>
	void PrintLine(Itr begin, Itr end)
	{
		bool first = true;

		for (int i = 0; begin != end; ++begin, ++i)
		{
			if (!first)
			{
				std::cout << ' ';
			}

			std::cout << (*begin);

			first = false;
		}
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}

	template<typename T>
	void Print(const std::vector<T>& sequence)
	{
		for (const auto& e : sequence)
		{
			std::cout << e << '\n';
		}

		std::cout << std::flush;
	}

	const int N = 100;
	int Adj[N][N] = {};
	int distance[N];

	void Bfs(int node, int num)
	{
		std::queue<int> q;
		q.push(node);
		for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
		{
			distance[i] = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
		}

		distance[node] = 0;

		int u;
		while (!q.empty())
		{
			u = q.front();
			q.pop();
			for (int v = 0; v < num; ++v)
			{
				if (Adj[u][v] == 0)
				{
					continue;
				}

				if (distance[v] != std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
				{
					continue;
				}

				distance[v] = distance[u] + 1;
				q.push(v);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	auto file = (argc == 1) ? std::ifstream() : std::ifstream(argv[1]);
	std::istream& stream = (argc == 1) ? std::cin : file;
	if (argc == 1)
	{
		std::cin.tie(0);
		std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	}

	int num;
	stream >> num;

	int node, degree;
	int t;

	for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
	{
		stream >> node >> degree;
		for (int j = 0; j < degree; ++j)
		{
			stream >> t;
			Adj[node - 1][t - 1] = 1;
		}
	}

	Bfs(0, num);

	for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
	{
		std::cout << i + 1 << ' ' << 
			((distance[i] == std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) ? -1 : distance[i]) <<
			std::endl;
	}
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

queue<pair<int,int> > qu;
vector<int> v[111];
int root;
int b;
int d[111];
pair<int, int> pa;
int g;

void wide(int num){

  memset(d,-1,sizeof(d));
  d[num] = 0;
  qu.push(make_pair(num,d[1]));

  while(!qu.empty()){

    pa = qu.front();
    qu.pop();
    int id = pa.first;

    for(int i = 0; i < (int)v[id].size(); i++){
      if(d[v[id][i]] == -1){
	d[v[id][i]] = pa.second + 1;
	qu.push(make_pair(v[id][i],d[v[id][i]]));
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= g; i++){
    cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }

}

int main(){

 
  cin >> g;
  int n;
  for(int i = 0; i < g; i++){
    cin >> n >> b;
    for(int j = 0; j < b; j++){
      cin >> root;
      v[n].push_back(root);
    }
  }

  wide(1);

}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

int n, M[100][100], d[100];

void bfs (int s) {

    int i, u, v;

    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(s);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        d[i] = (1 << 21);
    }
    d[s] = 0;
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        u = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if (M[u][v] == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            if (d[v] != (1 << 21)) {
                continue;
            }
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == (1 << 21)) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main () {

    int u, k, v, i, j;

    cin >> n;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs (0);

    return 0;

}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

struct Info{
	Info(){m_node = m_distance = 0;}
	Info(int node,int distance){
		m_node = node;
		m_distance = distance;
	}
	int m_node,m_distance;
};

class InfoQueue{
public:
	InfoQueue(){
		info = new Info[10000];
		num_of_data = head = tail = 0;
	}
	bool isEmpty(){
		return num_of_data == 0;
	}
	void enqueue(Info data){
		info[tail] = data;
		tail = (tail+1)%10000;
		num_of_data++;
	}
	Info dequeue(){
		Info ret = info[head];
		head = (head+1)%10000;
		num_of_data--;
		return ret;
	}
private:
	Info* info;
	int head,tail,num_of_data;
};


int main(){

	int n,row,col,num;
	scanf("%d",&n);

	int table[n+1][n+1];
	int check_table[n+1];

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		check_table[i] = -1;
		for(int k=1;k<=n;k++)table[i][k] = 0;
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		scanf("%d %d",&row,&num);
		for(int k=1;k<=num;k++){
			scanf("%d",&col);
			table[row][col]=1;
		}
	}

	check_table[1] = 0;

	InfoQueue Q;
	Q.enqueue(Info(1,0));

	Info tmp;
	while(!Q.isEmpty()){
		tmp = Q.dequeue();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
			if(table[tmp.m_node][i]==1 && check_table[i] == -1){
				check_table[i] = tmp.m_distance+1;
				Q.enqueue(Info(i,tmp.m_distance+1));
			}
		}
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		printf("%d %d\n",i,check_table[i]);
	}

    return 0;
}