Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

//util
var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextStr() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func printList(list []int) {
	n := len(list)
	buf := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for _, v := range list[0 : n-1] {
		buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d ", v)))
	}
	buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", list[n-1])))
	buf.Flush()
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	} else {
		return b
	}
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return b
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

//solve
const INFTY = (1 << 21)
const MAX = 100
const WHITE = 0
const GRAY = 1
const BLACK = 2

var time, n int

//隣接行列
var M [MAX][MAX]int

//d[i]: 頂点1から頂点iまでの距離
var color, d [MAX]int

func bfs(s int) {
	var q []int
	q = append(q, s)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
	}
	//sは開始点なので、0をいれる
	d[s] = 0

	//キューが空になるまで、以下を繰り返す
	for len(q) > 0 {
		u := q[0]
		q = q[1:]
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if M[u][v] == 0 {
				continue
			}
			if d[v] != INFTY {
				continue
			}
			d[v] = d[u] + 1
			q = append(q, v)
		}
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1)
		if d[i] == INFTY {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", -1)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", d[i])
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	n = nextInt()
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		u, k := nextInt(), nextInt()
		M[u-1][u-1] = 0

		//fmt.Println(u, k)
		if k > 0 {
			for j := 0; j < k; j++ {

				v := nextInt()
				M[u-1][v-1] = 1

			}
		}

	}

	bfs(0)

}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#include<queue>
#define MAX 101
using namespace std;

int G[MAX][MAX], d[MAX];
queue<int> Q;

void adjacency_matrices(int n) {
    int i, j, u, m, k;

    for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
        scanf("%d", &u);
        scanf("%d", &m);
        for (j=1; j<=m; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &k);
            G[u][k] = 1;
        }
    }
}

void breadth_first_search(int n, int i, int dist) {
    int k;
    d[i] = dist++;
    for (int j=1; j<=n; j++) {
        if (G[i][j]==1 && d[j]==-1) {
            Q.push(j);
            d[j] = dist;
        }
    }

    while(!Q.empty()) {
        dist++;
        int length = Q.size();
        for (int j=1; j<=length; j++) {
            k = Q.front(); Q.pop();
            for (int m=1; m<=n; m++) {
                if (G[k][m]==1 && d[m]==-1) {
                    Q.push(m);
                    d[m] = dist;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);

    for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
        d[i]=-1;
        for (int j=1; j<=n; j++) {
            G[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    adjacency_matrices(n);

    breadth_first_search(n, 1, 0);

    for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;

using Graph = vector<int>;
vector<Graph>g;

int main() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    g.resize(n);
    vector<int>s(n, -1);
    for (int i=0; i < n; i++) {
        int num, count;
        cin >> num >> count;
        for (int j=0; j < count; j++) {
            int t;
            cin >> t;
            g[num-1].emplace_back(t-1);
        }
    }

    queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    s[0] = 0;
    while (!que.empty()) {
        int tyouten = que.front();
        que.pop();
        Graph gu = g[tyouten];
        for (int i=0; i < gu.size(); i++) {
            int num = gu[i];
            if (s[num] == -1) {
                s[num] = s[tyouten] + 1;
                que.push(num);
            }
        }
    }

    for (int i=0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << s[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int32_t n;
    cin >> n;

    vector<vector<int32_t>> A(n+1);

    for (int32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int32_t u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;

        for (int32_t j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int32_t v;
            cin >> v;

            A[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<bool> visited(n+1);
    fill(visited.begin(), visited.end(), false);
    vector<int32_t> d(n+1);
    fill(d.begin(), d.end(), -1);
    queue<int32_t> tovisit;
    visited[1] = true;
    d[1] = 0;
    tovisit.push(1);

    while (!tovisit.empty()) {
        int32_t u = tovisit.front();
        tovisit.pop();

        for (int32_t v : A[u]) {
            if (!visited[v]) {
                visited[v] = true;
                d[v] = d[u] + 1;
                tovisit.push(v);
            }
        }
    }

    for (int32_t i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        cout << i << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: //INCLUDE
//------------------------------------------
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
//DEFINE
//------------------------------------------
#define ll long long
#define ld long double
#define ALLv(a)  (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define ALL(a,n)  (a),(a)+n
#define vi vector<long long>
#define vd vector<long double>
#define vs vector<string>
#define dcml(n) fixed<<setprecision(n)
//CONST
//------------------------------------------
const ll INF=1010000000000000017LL;
const ll MOD=1000000007LL;
const ld EPS=1e-12;
const ld PI=3.14159265358979323846;
//REPEAT
//------------------------------------------
#define   FOR(i,m,n) for(ll (i)=(m);   (i)<(n);  (i)++)
#define  FORS(i,m,n) for(ll (i)=(m);   (i)<=(n); (i)++)
#define  RFOR(i,m,n) for(ll (i)=(n)-1; (i)>=(n); (i)--)
#define RFORS(i,m,n) for(ll (i)=(n);   (i)>(n);  (i)--)
#define   REP(i,n)   for(ll (i)=0;     (i)<(n);  (i)++)
#define  REPS(i,x)   for(ll (i)=1;     (i)<=(x); (i)++)
#define  RREP(i,x)   for(ll (i)=(x)-1; (i)>=0;   (i)--)
#define RREPS(i,x)   for(ll (i)=(x);   (i)> 0;   (i)--)
#define  WREP(i,in,j,jn) REP(i,in)REP(j,jn)
#define WREPS(i,in,j,jn) REPS(i,in)REPS(j,jn)
//-----------------------------------------
//namespace
using namespace std;
//ライブラリはここに
//↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

//-----------------------------------------
struct Edge{
    ll to;
};
vector<Edge> G[100];
ll N,d[100];
typedef pair<ll,ll> P;
void bfs(ll i){
    REP(i,N)d[i]=-1;
    queue<P> que;
    que.push(make_pair(0ll,0ll));
    d[0]=0;
    while(!que.empty()){
        P q=que.front();que.pop();
        //cout<<q.first+1<<":";
        for(auto r:G[q.first]){
            if(d[r.to]!=-1){
                //cout<<"continue";
                continue;
            }
            d[r.to]=q.second+1;
            //cout<<r.to+1<<" ";
            que.push(make_pair(r.to,q.second+1));
        }//cout<<"\n";
    }
}
int main(void){
    cin>>N;
    REP(i,N){
        ll idx,k;cin>>idx>>k;
        REP(j,k){
            ll to;cin>>to;to--;
            G[i].push_back({to});
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    REP(i,N){
        cout<<i+1<<" "<<d[i]<<"\n";
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 101;
void bfs(int);
int n,M[N][N],d[N],u,i,j;
string color[N];
int main(){
  int inu,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
      M[i][j]=0;
    }
  }
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    cin >> inu >> k;
    for(j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      M[inu][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(1);
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    if(d[i]>1000000) cout << i << ' ' << -1 << endl;
    else cout << i << ' ' << d[i] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}
void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    color[i]="WHITE";
    d[i]=1000000000;
  }
  color[s]="GLAY";
  d[s]=0;
  q.push(s);
  while(q.empty()!=true){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
      if(M[u][i]&&color[i]=="WHITE"){
	color[i]="GLAY";
	d[i]=d[u]+1;
	q.push(i);
      }
    }
    color[u]="BLACK";
  }
}