Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>

#define MAX_NODE 100
#define INF 1000000000

using namespace std;

struct Edge{
	int to, w;
};

vector <Edge> e[MAX_NODE];

int minw[MAX_NODE];
bool flag[MAX_NODE];

int prim(int n,int start){
	fill(minw,minw+n,INF);
	fill(flag,flag+n,false);
	minw[start]=0;
	int sum=0;
	int from = start;
	while(1){
		for(int i=0;i<e[from].size();i++){
			if(e[from][i].w<minw[e[from][i].to]){
				minw[e[from][i].to]=e[from][i].w;
			}		
		}
		int minimum_e;
		minimum_e=INF;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(minimum_e>minw[i]&&flag[i]==false){
				minimum_e=minw[i];
				from=i;
			}
		}
		if(minimum_e==INF){
			break;
		}
		sum+=minimum_e;
		flag[from]=true;
	}
	return sum;
}

int main(){
	int n,tmp,sum;
	Edge edge;
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			cin>>tmp;
			if(tmp!=-1){
				edge.to=j;
				edge.w=tmp;
				e[i].push_back(edge);
			}
		}
	}
	sum=prim(n,0);
	cout<<sum<<endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 1 << 30;

struct Vertex {
	int id;
	int w;
	vector<Vertex> vtxs;
};

int prim(int n, Vertex vtxs[]){
	
	int d[n];
	bool vst[n];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		d[i] = INF;
		vst[i] = false;
	}
	
	d[0]=0;
	while(true) {
		int minv = INF;
		int u = -1;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(vst[i]) continue;
			if(minv > d[i]){
				minv = d[i];
				u = i;
			}
		}
		if(u==-1) break;
		vst[u]=true;
		vector<Vertex> vec=vtxs[u].vtxs;
		for(int v=0;v<vec.size();v++){
			Vertex vtx=vec[v];
			int id=vtx.id;
			if(vst[id]) continue;
			d[id]=min(d[id],vtx.w);
		}
	}
	int cost=0;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		cost+=d[i];
	}
	return cost;
}

int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	Vertex vtxs[n];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			int w;
			cin >> w;
			if(w==-1) continue;
			Vertex v;
			v.id = j;
			v.w = w;
			vtxs[i].vtxs.push_back(v);
		}
	}
	int cost = prim(n,vtxs);
	cout << cost << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX =100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
    p[i]=-1;
    color[i]=WHITE;
  }

  d[0]=0;
  while(1){
  minv=INFTY;
  u=-1;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(minv>d[i]&&color[i]!=BLACK){
      u=i;minv=d[i];
    }
  }
  if(u==-1)break;
  color[u]=BLACK;
  for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
    if(color[v]!=BLACK && M[u][v]!=INFTY){
      if(d[v]>M[u][v]){
        d[v]=M[u][v];
        p[v]=u;
        color[v]=GRAY;
      }
    }
  }
}
int sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){

    if(p[i]!=-1)sum+=M[i][p[i]];
  

}
return sum;
}
int main(){
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      int e;cin>>e;
      M[i][j]=(e==-1)? INFTY : e;
    }
  }
  cout << prim()<<endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAX=100;
const int INF=(1<<21);
const int W=0;
const int G=1;
const int B=2;
int n,m[MAX][MAX];
int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INF;
    p[i]=-1;
    color[i]=W;
  }
  d[0]=0;
  while(1){
    minv=INF;
    u=-1;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(minv>d[i] && color[i]!=B){
	u=i;
	minv=d[i];
      }
    }
    if(u==-1) break;
    color[u]=B;
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(color[v]!=B && m[u][v]!=INF){
	if(d[v]>m[u][v]){
	  d[v]=m[u][v];
	  p[v]=u;
	  color[v]=G;
	}
      }
    }
  }
  int sum=0;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i]!=-1) sum+=m[i][p[i]];
  }
  return sum;
}

int main(){
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      int e;
      scanf("%d",&e);
      m[i][j]=(e==-1)?INF:e;
    }
  }
  printf("%d\n",prim());
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define INF 10000000

int main(){
  long n;
  long G[100][100],d[100];
  long minc,mi,i;
  bool flg[100];
  long sum=0;
  
  cin >> n;
  for (i=0;i<n;i++){
    for (int j=0;j<n;j++){
      cin >> G[i][j];
      if (G[i][j]==-1) G[i][j]=INF;
    }
    d[i]=INF;
    flg[i]=false;
  }

  d[0]=0;
  while (true){
    minc=INF;
    for (i=0;i<n;i++){
      if (!flg[i]&&d[i]<minc){
	minc=d[i];
	mi=i;
      }
    }
    if (minc==INF) break;
    flg[mi]=true;
    for (i=0;i<n;i++){
      if (G[mi][i]==INF)continue;
      if (!flg[i]&&d[i]>G[mi][i]){
	d[i]=G[mi][i];
	//cout << d[i];
      }
    }
  }
  
  for (i=0;i<n;i++){
    sum+=d[i];
  }
  cout << sum<<endl;
  
  return 0;
}