Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std; 

int main(void) {
	int nov,noe,u,v;
	cin >> nov;
	vector< vector<int> > adj(nov);
	for (int i = 0; i < nov; ++i) {
		cin >> u;
		cin >> noe;
		adj[u-1] = vector<int>(noe);
		for (int j = 0; j < noe; ++j) {
			cin >> adj[u-1][j];
			--adj[u-1][j];
		}
	}
	vector<int> res(nov,-1);
	res[0] = 0;
	queue< pair<int,int> > q;
	q.push({0,0});
	pair<int,int> now;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		now = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < adj[now.first].size(); ++i) {
			if (res[adj[now.first][i]] < 0) {
				res[adj[now.first][i]] = now.second+1;
				q.push({adj[now.first][i],now.second+1});
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < nov; ++i) {
		cout << i+1 << " ";
		cout << res[i] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main(){
	int n,m,l,i,j,p;
	int f[1000][1000];
	int D[1000] = {};
	cin >> n;
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cin >> m;
		cin >> p;
		for(j = 0; j < p; j++){
			cin >> l;
			f[m][l] = 1;
		}
	}
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(1);
	while(!Q.empty()){
		int c = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for(i = 2; i <= n; i++){
			if(f[c][i] == 1 && D[i] == 0){
				D[i] = D[c] + 1;
				Q.push(i);
			}
		}
	}				
	for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		if (D[i] == 0 && i !=1)
			D[i] = -1;
		cout << i << " " << D[i] << endl;
	}
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define REP(i, n) for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
#define REPR(i, n) for(int i = n;i >= 0;i--)
#define FOR(i, m, n) for(int i = m;i < n;i++)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define itrfor(itr,A) for(auto itr = A.begin(); itr !=A.end();itr++)
template <class T> using reversed_priority_queue = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> >;
typedef long long llong;
char moji[26]={'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'};
char moji2[26]={'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};
char moji3[10]={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'};
#define Sort(a) sort(a.begin(),a.end());
#define Reverse(a) reverse(a.begin(),a.end());
#define print(a) cout << a << endl;
#define MOD llong(1e9+7)
#define MAX int(2 * 1e5 +5)
#define debug(x)  cout << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;
#define pi acos(-1.0)
#define int llong
#define INF llong(1e18 + 3)
template<class T> bool chmax(T &a,  T b) {if(a<b){a=b; return 1;} return 0;}
template<class T> bool chmin(T &a,  T b) {if(a>b){a=b; return 1;} return 0;}
bool Add(int &a,int b){a = (a + b) % MOD;}
void myprint(int* A,int A_num){
   REP(i,A_num) cout << A[i] << " ";
   cout << endl;
}



signed main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int dist[n];
    vector<int> G[n];
    REP(i,n) dist[i] = -1;
    REP(i,n){
        int v,k;
        cin >> v >> k;
        REP(j,k){
            int to;
            cin >> to;
            to --;
            G[i].push_back(to);
        }
    }

    queue<int> Q;
    dist[0] = 0;
    Q.push(0);
    while(Q.size()){
        int v = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        itrfor(itr,G[v]){
            if(dist[*itr] ==  -1){
                Q.push(*itr);
                dist[*itr] = dist[v] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    REP(i,n){
        cout << i + 1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

struct Node {
    bool visit = false;
    vector<int> next;
    int d = -1;
};

int main() {
    int n, id, k, temp;
    Node node[101];
    queue<int> que;
    
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> id >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> temp;
            node[id].next.push_back(temp);
        }
    }

    node[1].d = 0;
    node[1].visit = true;
    que.push(1);
    while (!que.empty()) {
        temp = que.front();
        for (int i = 0; i < node[temp].next.size(); i++) {
            if (node[node[temp].next[i]].visit == false) {
                node[node[temp].next[i]].d = node[temp].d + 1;
                node[node[temp].next[i]].visit = true;
                que.push(node[temp].next[i]);
            }
        }
        que.pop();
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        cout << i << " " << node[i].d << endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int t1, t2, t3, n, e[105][105];

int main() {
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) e[i][j] = INF;
		e[i][i] = 0;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> t1 >> t2;
		for (int j = 0; j < t2; j++) {
			cin >> t3;
			e[t1][t3] = 1;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
			for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++) {
				e[j][k] = min(e[j][k], e[j][i] + e[i][k]);
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		cout << i << ' ' << ((e[1][i] == INF) ? -1 : e[1][i]) << endl;
	}
}