Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: //さっさと済ませられるところはさっさと済ましてしまう．ただし注意深く
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define MAX_VERTEXES 100
#define ZERO 0
#define NIL -1

using namespace std;

//think easy make easy

int n;//num of vertexes(頂点)
int matrix_graph[MAX_VERTEXES+1+1][MAX_VERTEXES+1+1];//1オリジン
int min_path[MAX_VERTEXES+1+1];


int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);

	int v_num;
	int k;//v_numの出次数

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
			matrix_graph[i][j] = ZERO;
		}
	}

	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		scanf("%d",&v_num);
		scanf("%d",&k);

		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			int v_num2;
			scanf("%d",&v_num2);
			matrix_graph[v_num][v_num2] = 1;
		}
	}

	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		min_path[i] = NIL;
	}
	min_path[1] = 0;

	int s = 1;
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(1);
	while(!q.empty()){
		s = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
			if(min_path[i] == NIL && matrix_graph[s][i] == 1){
				q.push(i);
				min_path[i] = min_path[s] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		cout <<i <<" " <<min_path[i] <<endl;
	}
	cout <<endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
int tu[100][100];
int a[100];
int d[100];
int n;
void bfs(int x){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(x);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i]=10000000;
    d[x]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(tu[u][i]==0)continue;
            if(d[i]!=10000000)continue;
            d[i]=d[u]+1;
            q.push(i);
        }
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            printf("%d ",i+1);
            if(d[i]==10000000)printf("-1");
            else printf("%d",d[i]);
            printf("\n");
        }
}
int main(){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int v,m,k;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        scanf("%d%d",&v,&m);
        v--;
        for(int j=0;j<m;j++){
            scanf("%d",&k);
            k--;
            tu[v][k]=1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> E;

int INF = 100000000;

int main() {
  int n, u, k;
  cin >> n;
  int** G = new int*[n+1];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    G[u] = new int[k+1];
    G[u][0] = k;
    for (int j = 1; j <= k; j++) {
      cin >> G[u][j];
    }
  }

  int cnt = 0;
  int* visit = new int[n+1];
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    visit[i] = INF;
  }

  queue<E> q;
  q.push(E(1, cnt));
  while (q.size()) {
    E e = q.front();
    q.pop();
    if (visit[e.first] != INF)
      continue;
    visit[e.first] = e.second;

    int len = G[e.first][0];
    for (int i = 1; i <= len; i++) {
      q.push(E(G[e.first][i], e.second + 1));
    }
  }

  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    cout << i << " " << visit[i] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: /* ALDS1_11_C: Breadth First Search */

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using std::vector;
using std::queue;

// 頂点0から各頂点への最短距離を paths に格納する。
void minimum_paths(int n_v, vector<int> graph[], int paths[]) {
    queue<int> visits;
    int found[n_v];
    std::fill_n(found, n_v, 0);
    found[0] = 1;

    visits.push(0);
    while(! visits.empty()) {
        int id = visits.front();
        visits.pop();
        vector<int> adjs = graph[id];
        for (int i = 0; i < adjs.size(); i++) {
            int adj = adjs[i];
            if (! found[adj]) {
                found[adj] = 1;
                paths[adj] = paths[id] + 1;
                visits.push(adj);
            }
        }
    }

    // 辿りつけなかった頂点までの距離は -1 とする。
    for (int i = 1; i < n_v; i++) {
        if (paths[i] == 0) {
            paths[i] = -1;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n_v;
    std::cin >> n_v;

    int id, adj, n_adjs;
    vector<int> *graph = new vector<int>[n_v];
    for (int i = 0; i < n_v; i++) {
        std::cin >> id >> n_adjs;
        for (int j = 0; j < n_adjs; j++) {
            std::cin >> adj;
            graph[id - 1].push_back(adj - 1);
        }
    }

    int paths[n_v];
    std::fill_n(paths, n_v, 0);
    minimum_paths(n_v, graph, paths);

    for (int i = 0; i < n_v; i++) {
        std::cout << i + 1 << " " << paths[i] << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}