Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];


void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		u = q.front();q.pop();
		for (int v = 0;v < n;v++) {
			if (M[u][v] == 0)continue;
			if (d[v] != INFTY)continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}

int main() {
	int u, k, v;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		for (int j = 0;j < n;j++) {
			M[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for (int j = 0;j < k;j++) {
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;

		}
	}
	bfs(0);
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);++i)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

int G[100][100];
int d[100];

void init_d(int n){
    rep(i,n){
        d[i]=-1;
    }
}
void input_graph(int n){
    int u,k,v;
    rep(i,n){
        scanf("%d %d",&u,&k);
        u--;
        rep(j,k){
            scanf("%d",&v);
            v--;
            G[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
}
void bfs(int s,int n){    
    queue<int> que;
    que.push(s);
    while(que.size()>0){
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        rep(i,n){
            if(G[u][i]==1 && d[i] == -1){
                d[i]=d[u]+1;
                que.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
}
void print_graph(int n){
    rep(i,n){
            printf("%d %d\n",i+1,d[i]);
    }
}

int main(){
    // 制約見て！！！デカかったらlong longにすること！
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    init_d(n);
    input_graph(n);
    d[0]=0;
    bfs(0,n);
    print_graph(n);
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<algorithm>
#include<bitset>
#include<cctype>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<functional>
#include<limits>
#include<list>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

#define MOD 1000000007
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define INFL 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL

#define MAX 100

int n, M[MAX][MAX] = {};
int d[MAX];

void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	d[s] = 0;
	for (int u; !q.empty();) {
		u = q.front(); q.pop();
		for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
			if (M[u][v] == 0)continue;
			if (d[v] != INF)continue; //?????§?????¢?´¢???????????????????£???°???
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 /*zefo-based*/ << " " << ((d[i] == INF) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}

int main() {
	cin >> n;
	memset(d, INF, sizeof(d));
	for (int i = 0, u, k; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for (int j = 0, v; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(0); //zero-based

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s)
{
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty())
   {
     u =q.front(); q.pop();
     for(int v = 0; v < n; v++)
      {
        if(M[u][v] == 0)continue;
        if(d[v] != INFTY)continue;
        d[v] = d[u] + 1;
        q.push(v);
      }
   }  
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
       cout << i+1 " " <<((d[i] == INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
    } 
}

int main()
{
  int u, k, v;


  cin >> n;
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
      for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)M[i][j] = 0;
  }
  
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j = 0; j < k; j++)
    {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int a[101][101] = {{0}};
	int u, k, v, km;
	km = 0;
	while ( cin >> u, k ) {
		for ( int i = 1; i <= k; i++ ) {
			cin >> v;
			a[u][v] = 1;
		}
		km++;
	}
	int n0;
	int b[101] = {- 1};
	queue<int> q;
	q.push( 1 );
	b[1] = 0;
	int cou = 0;
	for ( int i = 1; i <= km; i++ ) {
		n0 = q.front();
		q.pop();
		cou++;
		for ( int j = 1; j <= km + 1; j++ ) {
			if ( a[n0][j] == 1 && b[j] == - 1 ) {
				q.push( j );
				b[j] = cou;
			}
			if ( q.empty() ) break;
		}
	}
	for ( int i = 1; i <= km; i++ )
		cout << i << " " << b[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 100
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2



int d[MAX];
vector<int> V[MAX];
int tt=0;
queue<int> Q;

int main()  {
  int n;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=-1;
  }

  int u,k,v;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      V[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }

  Q.push(0);
  d[0]=tt;

  while(!Q.empty()){
    v=Q.front(); Q.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<V[v].size();i++){
      if(d[V[v][i]]==-1) {
        Q.push(V[v][i]);
        d[V[v][i]]=d[v]+1;

      }
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
  }
}