Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)
	paths[1] = 1

	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()
		d := paths[u] + 1
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
			}
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define REP(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vector<vector<int>> G(n);
  REP(i, n) {
    int u, k;
    cin >> u >> k, u--;
    REP(j, k) {
      int v;
      cin >> v, v--;
      G[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }
  vector<bool> ed(n, false);
  vector<int> dis(n, -1);
  queue<P> que{};
  ed[0] = 1;
  que.push(P(0, 0));
  while (!que.empty()) {
    P p = que.front();
    que.pop();
    int id = p.first;
    int d = p.second;
    dis[id] = d;
    REP(i, G[id].size()) {
      if (ed[G[id][i]] == true) continue;
      ed[G[id][i]] = true;
      que.push(P(G[id][i], d + 1));
    }
  }
  REP(i, n) { cout << i + 1 << " " << dis[i] << endl; }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <map>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;

int main() {

    int graph[N][N] = {0};
    int distance[N] = {INT_MIN};
    bool alreadySearched[N] = {false};

    int n;scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        int u;scanf("%d",&u);
        u--;
        int k;scanf("%d",&k);
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            int v;scanf("%d",&v);
            v--;
            graph[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }


    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(0);
    distance[0] = 0;
    alreadySearched[0] = true;

    while(!Q.empty()){
        int u = Q.front();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(!alreadySearched[i] && graph[u][i] == 1){
                Q.push(i);
                alreadySearched[i] = true;
                distance[i] = distance[u] + 1;
            }
        }
        Q.pop();
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, distance[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: /*
問題の名称：Graph I - Breadth Forst Search
問題のURL：http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_C&lang=jp
所要時間：50分程度
学んだこと：幅優先探索
着席位置：中央　中央
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
const int INF = -1;

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<int> edges[n];
	vector<int> d(n);

	d[0] = 0;

	for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
	{
		d[i] = INF;
	}

	int u,k,v;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		cin >> u >> k;

		for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j)
		{
			cin >> v;
			edges[i].push_back(v-1);
		}
	}

	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(0);
	int temp,next;
	while(!Q.empty())
	{
		temp = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < edges[temp].size(); ++i)
		{
			next = edges[temp][i];
			if (d[next] == INF)
			{
				Q.push(next);
				d[next] = d[temp] + 1;
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

class Graph{
private:





 class Node{
 private:
  unsigned long node_id_;
  long depth_;

  std::vector<unsigned long> adjnodes_;
 public:

  Node(const unsigned long node_id,const std::vector<unsigned long> &adjnodes)
      : node_id_(node_id),
        depth_(-1),
        adjnodes_(adjnodes){
   if(node_id_ == 1) depth_ = 0;
  };

  bool isDepth(){
   if(depth_ == -1) return true;

   return false;
  };

  void CheckNode(std::queue<unsigned long>& queue_nextnode,const std::vector<Node*>& node){
   for(unsigned long adjnode_i = 0, adjnode_max = adjnodes_.size(); adjnode_i < adjnode_max; ++adjnode_i){
    unsigned long nextadjnode = adjnodes_[adjnode_i]-1;
    if(node[nextadjnode]->isDepth()){
     node[nextadjnode]->depth_ = depth_ + 1;
     queue_nextnode.push(nextadjnode);
    }
   }
  };

  void display(){
   std::cout << node_id_ << " ";
   std::cout << depth_ << " ";
  };
 protected:
 };





 std::vector<Node*> node_;

public:
 Graph(unsigned long node_max) : node_(std::vector<Node*>(node_max, 0)){};
 void CreateNode(const unsigned long node_i,const unsigned long node_id,const std::vector<unsigned long>& adjnodes){
  node_[node_i] = new Node(node_id, adjnodes);
 };

 void BreadthFirstSearch(){
  if(node_.empty()) return ;

  std::queue<unsigned long> queue_nextnode;
  queue_nextnode.push(0);
  while(!queue_nextnode.empty()){
   unsigned long nextnode = queue_nextnode.front();
   queue_nextnode.pop();
   node_[nextnode]->CheckNode(queue_nextnode, node_);

  }

 };

 void display(){
  for(unsigned long node_i = 0, node_max = node_.size(); node_i < node_max; ++node_i){
   node_[node_i]->display();
   if(node_i != node_max-1)std::cout << std::endl;
  }
 };
protected:

};


int main(){

 unsigned long node_max = 0; std::cin >> node_max;

 /*
  *  ノード数分の記憶領域を確保する。
  */
 Graph graph(node_max);

 /*
  *入力はテキスト。
  *入力は一行目に    [ノード数]
  *      二行目以降  [頂点id 接続ノード数 接続ノード1 接続ノード2 ...]
  */
 for(unsigned long node_i = 0; node_i < node_max; ++node_i){
  unsigned long node_id = 0; std::cin >> node_id;
  unsigned long adjnode_max = 0; std::cin >> adjnode_max;
  std::vector<unsigned long> adjnodes(std::vector<unsigned long>(adjnode_max, 0));
  for(unsigned long adjnode_i = 0; adjnode_i < adjnode_max; ++adjnode_i){
   std::cin >> adjnodes[adjnode_i];
  }

  graph.CreateNode(node_i, node_id, adjnodes);
 }

 graph.BreadthFirstSearch();
 graph.display();

 return 0;
};

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
  }
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
      M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INF = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void BFS(int s){
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		d[i] = INF;
	}
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		u = q.front();
		q.pop();
		for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
			if (M[u][v] == 1 && d[v] == INF) {
				d[v] = d[u] + 1;
				q.push(v);
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INF) ? -1 : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	int u, k, v;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			M[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}
	
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}
	BFS(0);
	return 0;
}