Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <deque>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <list>
#include <unordered_map>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs (int s){
    queue <int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
    }
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while (!q.empty()){
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int v=0;v<n;v++){
            if (M[u][v] == 0){
                continue;
            }
            if(d[v] != INFTY){
                continue;
            }
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i]==INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    
    int u,k,v;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for (int j=0;j<n;j++){
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (int j=0;j<k;j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void solve(){
  int n; cin >> n;
  vector<vector<int> > v(n + 1, vector<int>(n + 1, 0));
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    int u, k; cin >> u >> k;
    for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
      int x; cin >> x;
      v[u][x] = 1;
    }
  }
  queue<int> q;
  vector<int> ans(n + 1, -1), c(n + 1, 0);
  q.push(1);
  ans[1] = 0;
  c[1] = 1;
  while(q.size() != 0){
    int x = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
      if(v[x][i] == 1 && c[i] == 0){
        q.push(i);
        ans[i] = ans[x] + 1;
        c[i] = 1;
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    cout << i << " " << ans[i] << endl;
  }
  return;
}

int main(){
  solve();
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#define INF 1<<30
#define MAX 100000
using namespace std;

class Queue{
private:
  int inf[MAX];
  int head,tail;
 
public:
 
  Queue(){
    syokika();
  }
 
  void syokika(){
    head = 0;
    tail = 0;
  }
 
  void push(int x){
    inf[tail]=x;
    if(MAX == tail+1)tail = 0;
    else tail++;
  }
 
  void pop(){
    if(MAX == head+1)head=0;
    else head++;
  }
 
  int front(){
    return inf[head];
  }
 
  bool empty(){
    if(tail - head == 0)return true;
    else return false;
  }
 
  int size(){
    return tail - head;
  }
 
};

int imap[200][200];
int k[200] = {0}; 
int ans[200] = {0};
bool used[200];

int main(){
  int n,u[1000];
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<200;i++)for(int j=0;j<200;j++)imap[j][i] = INF;  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u[i];
    cin >> k[u[i]];
    for(int j=0;j<k[u[i]];j++){
      cin >> imap[u[i]][j];
    }
  }

   int h;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    int Min = i;
    for(int j=i;j<n;j++){
      if(u[Min] > u[j])Min = j; 
    }
    h = u[Min];
    u[Min] = u[i];
    u[i] = h;
  }

  Queue que = Queue();

  que.push(u[0]);

  while(!que.empty()){
    int p = que.front(); que.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<k[p];i++){
      if(!used[imap[p][i]]){
	que.push(imap[p][i]);//cout << "push!= " << imap[p][i] << endl;
	used[imap[p][i]] = true;
	ans[imap[p][i]] = ans[p] + 1;
      }
    }
  }
  //for(int i=0;i<n;i++)cout << u[i] << endl;
 
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << u[i]-1 << " " << ans[u[i]] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: include <iostream>
#include <queue>

#define FOR(i,k,n) for (int (i)=(k); (i)<(n); ++(i))
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n,u,k,v,src=0;
    cin >> n;
    int D[n],g[n][n];
    REP(i,n){
        D[i] = 0;
        REP(j,n){
            g[i][j] = 0;
        }    
    }
    REP(i,n){ 
        cin >> u >> k;
            REP(j,k){
                cin >> v;
                g[v-1][u-1] = 1;
            }
    }

    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(src);
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        int cur = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
            REP(i,n){
                if(g[i][cur] == 1 && D[i] == 0){
                    D[i] = D[cur] + 1;
                    Q.push(i);
                }
            }
    }

    REP(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << D[i] << endl;    
    }
}

C++: #define scanf_s scanf
#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define MAX 100
//#define MAX_ 1000
struct Graph
{
	int id, k;
	list<int> node;
	int d = -1;
};
Graph G[MAX];
//int cou = 0;
void Breadth_cou(Graph *g,int cou)
{
	for (auto i = g->node.begin(); i != g->node.end(); ++i) {
		if (G[*i].d == -1 || G[*i].d > cou) {
			if (G[*i].d > cou)
				Breadth_cou(&G[*i], G[*i].d + 1);
			G[*i].d = cou;
			
		}
	}
	g->k = 0;
}
void Breadth(Graph *g)
{
	if (g->k > 0) {
		Breadth_cou(g, g->d + 1);
		for (auto i = g->node.begin(); i != g->node.end(); ++i) {
			Breadth(&G[*i]);
		}
	}
}
int main(void)
{
	int u, xk, v, n;
	scanf_s("%d", &n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		scanf_s("%d %d", &u, &xk);
		G[u - 1].id = u - 1;
		G[u - 1].k = xk;
		for (int j = 0; j < xk; ++j) {
			scanf_s("%d", &v);
			G[u - 1].node.push_back(v - 1);
		}
	}
	G[0].d = 0;
	Breadth(&G[0]);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		printf("%d %d\n", G[i].id + 1, G[i].d);
	}
}