Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type color int

const (
	white color = iota // 未訪問
	mst                // MSTとして確定
)

// 頂点
type node struct {
	matrix   []int // 隣接行列
	minToMst int   // MSTへの重み最小値
	parent   int   // 最小値の相手
	color    color
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)

	nodes := make([]node, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		nodes[i].matrix = eAtoi((strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner))))
		nodes[i].parent = -1
		nodes[i].minToMst = math.MaxInt16
		nodes[i].color = white
	}

	// 初回はnode[0]がMSTに入るように,minToMstを設定
	nodes[0].minToMst = 0
	for { // 全部チェックするまで

		// どの頂点を新たにMSTに取り込むか
		min := math.MaxInt16
		u := -1
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if nodes[i].color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].minToMst < min {
				u = i
				min = nodes[i].minToMst
			}
		}

		if u == -1 {
			break
		}
		// MSTに追加する頂点決定
		nodes[u].color = mst

		// MSTに属していない頂点それぞれについて,MSTとの最小の重みを更新
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if nodes[i].color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].matrix[u] == -1 {
				// 接してない
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].matrix[u] < nodes[i].minToMst {
				// node[u]との重みが最小
				nodes[i].minToMst = nodes[i].matrix[u]
				nodes[i].parent = u
			}
		}
	}

	sum := 0
	for _, v := range nodes {
		// node[0]はparentが入っていない
		if v.parent != -1 {
			sum += v.matrix[v.parent]
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}

func eGetInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	t := eAtoi(strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner)))
	return t[0]
}

func eGetline(p *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if !p.Scan() {
		if err := p.Err(); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
		return ""
	}
	return p.Text()
}

func eAtoi(s []string) []int {
	ints := make([]int, len(s))
	var err error
	for i, e := range s {
		ints[i], err = strconv.Atoi(e)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
	}
	return ints
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
static const int INFTY = 2000000000;
static const int NIL = -1;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u,minv;
    int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;   //d[i]??????T??????????????§?????????V????±?????????????i?????????????????????
        p[i] = NIL;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }

    d[0] = 0;

    while(1){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = NIL;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(d[i] < INFTY && color[i] != BLACK){    //?¢????????????§????????????????????????INFTY??§?????????????????¢???
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;   //???????????????????????????
        for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
            if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){  //2??????????????¶???????????????????
                if(M[u][v] < d[v]){
                    d[v] = M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
        }

        return sum;
    }
}

int main(){
    scanf("%d",&n);

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int k=0;k<n;k++){
            int e; scanf("%d",&e);
            M[i][k] = (e==-1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }

    printf("%d\n",prim());

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG

using ll = long long;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vvll = vector<vll>;
using vvd = vector<vd>;
using vvvi = vector<vvi>;
using vvvll = vector<vvll>;
using vvvd = vector<vvd>;

const double pi=acos(-1);
const ll MOD=1e9+7;
const ll INF=(1LL<<60);

int cost[101][101];
int mincost[101];
int used[101];
int v;

int prim(){
    for (int i=0;i<v;i++){
        mincost[i]=1e9;
        used[i]=0;
    }
    mincost[0]=0;
    int res=0;
    while(1){
        int v1=-1;
        for (int u=0;u<v;u++){
            if (!used[u] && (v1==-1||mincost[u]<mincost[v1]))v1=u;
        }
        if (v1==-1)break;
        used[v1]=1;
        res+=mincost[v1];
        for (int u=0;u<v;u++)mincost[u]=min(mincost[u],cost[v1][u]);
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {
    cin>>v;
    rep(i,v){
        rep(j,v){
            cin>>cost[i][j];
            if (cost[i][j]==-1)cost[i][j]=1e8;
        }
    }
    int ans=0;
    ans=prim();
    cout<<ans<<endl;
    

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<bitset>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<cmath>
#include<iomanip>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int mod = 1000000007;
const int INF = 1 << 28;
//cout << fixed << std::setprecision(9)
//memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
//--------------------------

const int MAX = 100;
const int WHITE = 0;
const int GRAY = 1;
const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim()
{
	int u, minv;
	int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		d[i] = INF;
		p[i] = -1;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}

	d[0] = 0;

	while (1) {
		minv = INF;
		u = -1;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
			if (minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
				u = i;
				minv = d[i];
			}
		}

		if (u == -1) break;

		color[u] = BLACK;
		for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
			if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INF) {
				if (d[v] > M[u][v]) {
					d[v] = M[u][v];
					p[v] = u;
					color[v] = GRAY;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
	}

	return sum;
}

int main()
{
	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			int e;
			cin >> e;
			M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INF : e;
		}
	}

	cout << prim() << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#define to first
#define cost second
const int inf=1e9+7;
using namespace std;
int main(){

  int n,tmp,r=0,flag[100]={},v=0;
  cin>>n;
  vector <pair<int,int> > gl[n];
  priority_queue <pair<int,int> ,vector<pair<int,int> >, greater<pair<int,int> > >q;
  //for(int i=1;i<n;i++) mincost[i]=inf;                                                                                                                                                       

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) for(int j=0;j<n&&cin>>tmp;j++) if(tmp!=-1) gl[i].push_back(make_pair(j,tmp));
  int now=0;
  for(int j=0;j<n-1;j++){
    for(int i=0;i<gl[now].size();i++) if(!flag[gl[now][i].to]) q.push(make_pair(gl[now][i].cost,gl[now][i].to));
    flag[now]=1;
    for(;flag[q.top().second];) q.pop();
    //if(q.empty()) break;                                                                                                                                                                     
    r+=q.top().first;
    now=q.top().second;
    q.pop();
  }
  cout<<r<<endl;
  return 0;

}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <math.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <utility>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define rrep(i,n) for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<b;i++)
#define ll long long
#define INF 1000000001
#define mod 1000000007
using namespace std;

int main(){
	
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	vector<vector<int>> a(n);
	rep(i,n){
		a[i].resize(n);
		rep(j,n){
			cin>>a[i][j];
			if(a[i][j]==-1)a[i][j]=INF;
		}
	}
	vector<int> t(n);
	rep(i,n){
		t[i]=0;
	}
	t[0]=1;
	int ans=0;
	rep(ii,n-1){
		int m=100000;
		int pm;
		rep(i,n){
			rep(j,n){
				if(t[i]==1 && t[j]==0 && m>a[i][j]){
					m=a[i][j];
					pm=j;
				}
			}
		}
		t[pm]=1;
		ans+=m;
	}
	cout<<ans<<endl;
	
}