Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(shortestList)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: 
// O(|E||V|)

#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class Prim {
#define MAX_V 101

private:
  const int INF = 1e9 + 10;
  struct Edge {
    int to, cost;
    Edge(int to, int cost): to(to), cost(cost) { }
  };

  int V;
  vector<Edge> G[MAX_V];
  int mincost[MAX_V];
  bool used[MAX_V];

public:

  Prim(int V): V(V) { 
    if (V >= MAX_V) {
      assert(false);
    }
  }

  void AddEdge(int from, int to, int cost) {
    G[from].push_back(Edge(to, cost));
  }

  int Solve() {
    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
      mincost[i] = INF;
      used[i]    = false;
    }

    mincost[0] = 0;
    int res = 0;

    while (true) {
      int v = -1;
      for (int u = 0; u < V; u++) {
        if (!used[u] && (v == -1 || mincost[u] < mincost[v])) {
          v = u;
        }
      }
      if (v == -1) {
        break;
      }
      used[v] = true;
      res += mincost[v];

      for (auto &e : G[v]) {
        mincost[e.to] = min(mincost[e.to], e.cost);
      }
    }

    return res;
  }
};

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  Prim prim(n);

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      int c; cin >> c;
      if (c != -1) {
        prim.AddEdge(i, j, c);
      }
    }
  }

  int ans = prim.Solve();

  cout << ans << endl;

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
bool b[2003];

#define REP(i, a) for(int i=0;i<a;i++)

int main()
{
	int min,b,a,m[101][101],n ,e,p[101],d[101],u,v; //u ?????????v????????¨
	bool color[101];
	cin>>n;
	REP(i, n) {
		REP(j, n) {
			cin>>m[i][j];
			if(m[i][j]==-1) m[i][j]=2001;
		}
		color[i]=0;
		d[i]=2001;
		p[i]=2001;
	}
	a=0;
	d[0]=0;
	while(1){
		min=2001;
		u=-1;
		REP(i,n){
			if(min>d[i]&&color[i]==0){
				min=d[i];
				u=i;
			}
		}
		if(u==-1) break;
		color[u]=1;
		REP(i,n){
			if(color[i]==0&&m[u][i]!=2001){
				if(d[i]>m[u][i]){
					d[i]=m[u][i];
					p[i]=u;
				}
			}
		}

	}
	min=0;
	REP(i,n){
		if(p[i]!=2001){
		min=min+m[i][p[i]];
		}
	}
	cout<<min<<endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int n; // number of vertices 
int P[20200], A[20200], B[20200], C[20200];
pair<int, int> D[20200]; // Weights and coordinates 

int root(int a) { // find the root of a
  if (P[a] == a) return a; // a is the root
  return  (P[a] = root(P[a])); // find root of a, make it a's parent
}

bool is_same_set(int a, int b) { // a and b are in the same group?
  return root(a) == root(b);
}

void unite(int a, int b) { // put a and b in same group
  P[root(a)] = root(b);
}


int main() {
  cin >> n; // the number of vertices
  for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
    P[i] = i; // Initialize vertices to disjoint sets
    for (int j=0; j<n; ++j) {
      A[(n * i) + j] = i;
      B[(n * i) + j] = j;
      cin >> C[(n * i) + j];
    }
  }
  for (int i=0; i < n*n; i++) {
    D[i].first = C[i];
    D[i].second = i;
  }
  sort(D, D+n*n);
  int sum = 0;

  for (int i=0; i<n*n; ++i) {
    if (D[i].first >= 0) { // Assuming the weight is not -1
      if (!is_same_set(A[D[i].second], B[D[i].second])) {
	unite(A[D[i].second], B[D[i].second]);
	sum += D[i].first;
      }
    }
  }
  cout << sum << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define N_MAX 100
#define W_MAX 2000

int Adj[N_MAX][N_MAX] = {};

int color[N_MAX] = {};

int sum_mst_path = 0;
int n;

int prim(void);

int main(){
    int i, j;

    cin >> n;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            cin >> Adj[i][j];
        }
    }

    color[0] = 1;
    while ( prim() );

    cout << sum_mst_path << endl;

    return 0;
}

//[?????????
//0 : MST????§???????????????????
//1 : ???????????????????????????
int prim(void) {
    int i, j, min, next_node;

    min = W_MAX + 1;
    next_node = N_MAX + 1;

    //?¢????node???????????????????¢????node??????????????§???????°??????¢???path?????¢?´¢
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (color[i] != 1)
            continue;

        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if (color[j] != 0)
                continue;

            if (Adj[i][j] != -1 && Adj[i][j] < min) {
                min = Adj[i][j];
                next_node = j;
            }
        }
    }

    if (next_node == N_MAX + 1) //??????????¢??????????
        return 0;

    //next_node????¢????
    color[next_node] = 1;
    sum_mst_path += min;

    return 1;
}