Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using ll = long long;
using namespace std;
using pii = pair<int, int>;

int INF = 1000000000;
int n, x;
std::vector<std::vector<pii>> g;
priority_queue<pii, std::vector<pii>, std::greater<pii>> pq;
std::vector<int> dist;
std::vector<bool> used;

int main() {
    std::cin >> n;
    dist.assign(n, INF);
    used.assign(n, false);
    g.assign(n, std::vector<pii>(0));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
            std::cin >> x;
            if (x == -1) {
                continue;
            }
            g[i].push_back(make_pair(x, k));
        }
    }
    pq.push(std::make_pair(0, 0));
    used[0] = true;
    dist[0] = 0;
    while (!pq.empty()) {
        auto e = pq.top();
        pq.pop();
        used[e.second] = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < g[e.second].size(); i++) {
            if (used[g[e.second][i].second] == false && dist[g[e.second][i].second] > g[e.second][i].first) {
                dist[g[e.second][i].second] = g[e.second][i].first;
                pq.push(g[e.second][i]);
            }
        }
    }
    ll ans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < dist.size(); i++) {
        ans += dist[i];
    }
    std::cout << ans << std::endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;


struct edge
{
   int cost;
   int src;
   int dst;
};

edge e[5000];
int A[100][100];
int M=0;
int P[100];

void init(int N)
{
  for (int i=0; i<=N; ++i) P[i] = i;
}

int root(int a)
{
  if (P[a] == a) return a;
  return (P[a] = root(P[a]));
}

bool is_same_set(int a, int b)
{
  return root(a) == root(b);
}

void unite(int a, int b)
{
  P[root(a)] = root(b);
}

void checkEdges(int n)
{
    for(int r=0;r<n;r++)
        for(int c=r+1;c<n;r++)
    {
        if(A[r][c]>-1)
        {
            e[M].cost=A[r][c];
            e[M].src=r;
            e[M].dst=c;
            M+=1;
        }
    }
}

bool cmp(edge e1,edge e2)
{
    return e1.cost<=e2.cost;
}
int main()
{
    int n,count=0;
    cin>>n;
    init(n);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
                cin>>A[i][j];
        }
    }
    checkEdges(n);
    sort(e,e+M,cmp);
    for (int i=0; i<M; ++i)
    {
        if(is_same_set(e[i].src,e[i].dst))
        {
            continue;
        }
        unite(e[i].dst,e[i].src);
        count+=e[i].cost;
    }
    cout<<count<<endl;
    //system("pause");
    return 0;
}

C++: /* primのアルゴリズム */
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;


static const int N_MAX=100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;

int color[N_MAX];
int M[N_MAX][N_MAX];
int d[N_MAX];
int p[N_MAX];
int n;


int prim()
{
    int i,minv,u,v;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        color[i]=WHITE;
        d[i]=INFTY;
        p[i]=-1;
    }
    d[0]=0;

    while(true)
    {
        minv=INFTY;
        //T(最小全域木)に追加するノードuの探索
        for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            //未選択でT-Vの接続がもっとも小さいノードの選択
            if(color[i]!=BLACK && d[i]<minv)
            {
                minv=d[i];
                u=i;
            }
        }

        //もし最小接続コストがINFTYなら探索終了
        if(minv==INFTY) break;

        //Tに追加されたuは選択済みのフラグを立てる
        color[u]=BLACK;

        //元グラフVからu-vで最小のコストのエッジをd[v]に保存
        //親も保存
        //探査はした証拠にGRAYにする
        //ここでの代入操作は次のループで上のfor文内で使われる
        for(v=0;v<n;v++)
        {
            //未選択でuとのエッジが存在するvについて
            if(color[v]!=BLACK && M[u][v]!=INFTY)
            {
                //そのエッジコストがvが記録する
                //T - (V-T)間の最小コストより小さければ
                //エッジコスト更新
                //vの親の更新
                if(M[u][v]<d[v])
                {
                    d[v]=M[u][v];
                    p[v]=u;
                    color[v]=GRAY;
                }
            }
        }

    }

    int sum=0;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        //親が存在すれば、i-p[i]間コストを加算
        if(p[i]!=-1) sum+=M[i][p[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}


int main()
{
    scanf("%d",&n);

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            int e;
            scanf("%d",&e);
            M[i][j]=(e==-1) ? INFTY : e ;
        }
    }

    printf("%d",prim());
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
}

C++: #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int NOTV = 0;
const int VIST = 1;
const int NMAX = 100;
const int VMAX = 2000;
const int NILL = -1;
const int INFTY = 1 << 21;
int n;
int a[NMAX][NMAX];  //??£??\??????
int v[NMAX];  //????°???¨?????¨?????????
int d[NMAX];  //????°???¨?????¨??????????????????
int vis[NMAX];
//priority_queue <greater<int>> pq;

int prim() {
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		vis[i] = NOTV;
		d[i] = INFTY;
		v[i] = -1;
	}
	d[0] = 0;
	int u = 0;
	while (1) {
		int mincost = INFTY;
		u = -1;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (vis[i] == NOTV and mincost > d[i]) {
				mincost = d[i];
				u = i;
			}
		}
		if (u == -1) break;
		vis[u] = VIST;
		for (int ver = 0; ver < n; ver++) {
			if (vis[ver] == NOTV and a[u][ver] != INFTY) {
				if (a[u][ver] < d[ver]) {
					d[ver] = a[u][ver];
					v[ver] = u;
					vis[ver] = NOTV;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (v[i] != -1) ans += a[i][v[i]];
	}
	return ans;
}

int main() {
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			int e;
			cin >> e;
			a[i][j] = e;
			if (a[i][j] == -1) {
				a[i][j] = INFTY;
			}
		}
	}
	
	cout << prim() << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <utility>
#define N 100
using namespace std;

typedef pair<int,int> pii;
int mat[N][N];
bool color[N];
int n;
int sum=0;
priority_queue<pii> pq;

int mini(int k){
	
	color[k]=true;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		if(mat[k][i]!=-1)pq.push(make_pair(-mat[k][i],i));
	}
	while(!pq.empty()){
		pii temp=pq.top();pq.pop();
		temp.first=-temp.first;
	//	cout<<"popping:"<<temp.first<<" "<<temp.second<<endl;
		if(color[temp.second])continue;
		color[temp.second]=true;
		sum+=temp.first;
	//	for(int i=0;i<n;i++) cout<<i<<":"<<((color[temp.second])?"t ":"f ");
//		cout<<endl;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(mat[temp.second][i]!=-1 && !color[i])pq.push(make_pair(-mat[temp.second][i],i));
		}
	}
	cout<<sum<<endl;
	return 0;
}
int main(void){
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)color[i]=false;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			cin>>mat[i][j];
		}
	}
	mini(0);
	return 0;
}