Go: package main

import "fmt"

type container struct {
	data []int
}

func (c *container) queue(v int) {
	c.data = append(c.data, v)
}
func (c *container) dequeue(p *int) bool {
	if p == nil || len(c.data) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	*p = c.data[0]
	c.data = c.data[1:len(c.data)]
	return true
}

func main() {
	var n int
	fmt.Scan(&n)
	g := make([][]int, n+1) // 1-indexed
	d := make([]int, n+1)   // 1-indexed
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		d[i] = -1
		var u, k, v int
		fmt.Scan(&u, &k)
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			fmt.Scan(&v)
			g[u] = append(g[u], v)
		}
	}

	var q container
	d[1] = 0
	q.queue(1)

for len(q.data) > 0  { // 幅優先探索
		var v int
		q.dequeue(&v)
		for i := 0; i < len(g[v]); i++ {
			nv := g[v][i]
		if d[nv] == -1 { // 未訪問
				q.queue(nv)
				d[nv] = d[v] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i])
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>


#define ALREADY 1
#define YET 0

int *passed;
int *distance_ps;

using namespace std;


void bfs(vector< vector<int> > a, int i, int dis){
  // i?????????vector<int>??????????????¢?????????
  dis++;
  vector<int> ai = a[i];
  int n = ai.size();
  // cout << "i: " << i << ",n: " << n << endl;
  for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
    int nexti=ai[j]-1;
    
    if(passed[nexti]==YET || distance_ps[nexti]>dis){
      passed[nexti]=ALREADY;
      distance_ps[nexti]=dis;
      bfs(a, nexti, dis);
    }
  }
}

int main(){
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vector< vector<int> > a;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    int u;
    int k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    vector<int> tmpa;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      int tmp;
      cin >> tmp;
      tmpa.push_back(tmp);
    }
    a.push_back(tmpa);
  }
  
  int a2[n][n];
  passed = new int[n];
  distance_ps = new int[n];
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    passed[i] = 0;
    distance_ps[i] = 1000;
  }

  distance_ps[0]=0;
  bfs(a, 0, 0);

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(passed[i]==YET){
      distance_ps[i] = -1;
    }
  }
  distance_ps[0]=0;
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << distance_ps[i] << endl;
  }
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      a2[i][j]=0;
    }
  }
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<(int)a[i].size();j++){
      a2[i][a[i][j]-1] = 1;
    }
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      // if(j!=0)cout << " ";
      // cout << a2[i][j];
    }
    // cout << endl;
  }
      
  
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

template<class T>
struct Edge{
	int from,to;
	T cost;
	Edge(int to,T cost) : to(to),cost(cost){}
	Edge(int from,int to,T cost) : from(from),to(to),cost(cost){}
};

template<class T>
using WeightedGraph = vector<vector<Edge<T>>>;
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;
template<class T>
using Matrix = vector<vector<T>>;

template<class T = int>
vector<T> BFS(const Graph &G,int source = 0){
	vector<T> dist(G.size(),-1);
	queue<int> que;
	dist[source] = 0;
	que.push(source);
	for(T d = 0;;d++){
		int siz = que.size();
		if(siz == 0) break;
		for(int i = 0;i < siz;i++){
			int v = que.front();que.pop();
			for(int to : G[v]){
				if(dist[to] == -1){
					dist[to] = d + 1;
					que.push(to);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return dist;
}

signed main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	Graph G(n);
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
		int u,k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for(int j = 0;j < k;j++){
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			G[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
		}
	}
	auto dist = BFS(G,0);
	for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) cout << i + 1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 1001001001;
int n;
int v[100][100];
int d[100]; //?§??????????????????¢

void bfs(int s) //s????§????
{
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INF;

  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while (!q.empty()) {
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (v[u][i] == 0) continue;
      if (d[i] != INF) continue;
      d[i] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(i);
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INF) ? -1 : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

signed main()
{
  int u, k;

  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      int tmp;
      cin >> tmp;
      tmp--;
      v[i][tmp] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return (0);
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void main_sub(void);
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    main_sub();
    return 0;
}
// int を int64_t にする
// g++ に -DUSE_STRICT_INT をつけるか、
// 下のコメントアウトを外すと無効化
// #define USE_STRICT_INT
using i64 = int64_t;
#ifndef USE_STRICT_INT
#define int i64
#endif
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
constexpr int INF = (1 << 30);
constexpr i64 INFL = (1LL << 62);
constexpr i64 MOD = 1000000007;

void main_sub(void) {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> g(n);
    rep(i, n) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u;
        u--;
        cin >> k;
        rep(j, k) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }
    queue<pair<int, int>> q;
    vector<int> dist(n, INF);
    q.push({0, 0});
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int from, d;
        tie(from, d) = q.front();
        q.pop();
        if (dist[from] > d) {
            dist[from] = d;
        }
        for (auto& to : g[from]) {
            if (dist[to] > d + 1) {
                dist[to] = d + 1;
                q.push({to, d + 1});
            }
        }
    }
    rep(i, n) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << (dist[i] == INF ? -1 : dist[i]) << endl;
    }

    return;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define Graph vector<vector<int>>
using namespace std;

//そのまま再帰にかけて実行しては間に合わない。先に各部分木の根に対して、子に分配する数値を加算しておき、
//根である1から子に対して、根の数値を加算していく作業を一回だけ行えば条件は満たされる

void DFS(const Graph &G,int v,vector<bool> &seen,vector<int> &counter){//深さ優先探索。
//引数は順にグラフ、始点(注目点)、探索済みかどうか、各点の持つ値を記録するカウンタ
  
  seen[v]=true;

  for(auto next_v : G[v]){
    if(seen[next_v]) continue;
    counter[next_v]+=counter[v];
    DFS(G,next_v,seen,counter);
  }

  return ;

}

 
int main() {

  int N ;  cin >> N ;

  Graph G(N+1);//頂点はn個。今回は数値にそのまま対応させるために+1した

  rep(i,N){
    int u,k;
    cin >> u >> k;//頂点番号、頂点の数
    rep(j,k){
      int x; cin >> x;
      G[u].push_back(x);
    }
  }//入力終了

  vector<int> dist(N+1,-1);//全地点を未訪問で初期化
  
  dist[1]=0;//頂点1（スタート）の距離を0にする

  queue<int> que;//BFS用キュー

  que.push(1);

  while(!que.empty()){
    int v = que.front();
    que.pop();          //先頭頂点を取り出す
    
    for(int nv : G[v]){
      if(dist[nv]!=-1) continue;//探索済みならスルー

      //初めて候補に挙がった点は距離を入力し、キューに入れる
      dist[nv]= dist[v]+1;
      que.push(nv);
    }

  }

  for(int i=1;i<=N;i++){
    cout << i << ' ' << dist[i] <<endl ;
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100000;
static const int NIL = -1;
int n ;
vector<int> G[MAX];
int color [MAX];
void dfs (int r,int c)
{
  stack <int> S;
  S.push(r);
  color[r] = c;
  while(!S.empty())
  {
    int u = S.top();
    S.pop();
    for(int i = 0;i<G[u].size();i++)
        {
          int v = G[u][i];
          if(color[v] == NIL)
          {
            color[v] = c;
            S.push(v);
          }
        }
  }
}
void ass()
{
  int id = 1;
  for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
    color[i] = NIL;
  for(int u = 0;u<n;u++)
  {
    if(color[u] == NIL)
    dfs(u,id++);
  }
}
int main ()
{
  int s,t,m,q;
  cin>>n>>m;
  for(int i = 0;i<m;i++)
    {
      cin>>s>>t;
      G[s].push_back(t);
      G[t].push_back(s);
    }
  ass();
  cin>>q;
  for(int i = 0;i<q;i++)
  {
    cin>>s>>t;
    if(color[s] == color[t])
    {
      cout<<"yes"<<endl;
    }
    else cout<<"no"<<endl;
  }
  return 0 ;
}