Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

// I/O
type Scanner struct {
	sc *bufio.Scanner
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+9))
	return &Scanner{sc}
}

func (s *Scanner) nextStr() string {
	s.sc.Scan()
	return s.sc.Text()
}

func (s *Scanner) nextInt() int {
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(s.nextStr())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloat() float64 {
	f, e := strconv.ParseFloat(s.nextStr(), 64)
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return f
}

func (s *Scanner) nextRuneSlice() []rune {
	return []rune(s.nextStr())
}

func (s *Scanner) nextIntSlice(n int) []int {
	res := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextInt()
	}
	return res
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloatSlice(n int) []float64 {
	res := make([]float64, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextFloat()
	}
	return res
}

// Arithmetic
func max(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m < i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func min(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m > i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x > 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func pow(x, y int) int {
	res := 1
	for i := 0; i < y; i++ {
		res *= x
	}
	return res
}

func ceil(a, b int) int {
	if a%b == 0 {
		return a / b
	} else {
		return a/b + 1
	}
}

// Sort
type RuneSlice []rune

func (a RuneSlice) Len() int           { return len(a) }
func (a RuneSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i] < a[j] }
func (a RuneSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }

// Main
type Queue struct {
	arr []int
}

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	q.arr = append(q.arr, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	res := q.arr[0]
	q.arr = q.arr[1:]
	return res
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return len(q.arr) == 0
}

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	wtr := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	N := sc.nextInt()
	G := make([][]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		u, k := sc.nextInt()-1, sc.nextInt()
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			G[u] = append(G[u], sc.nextInt()-1)
		}
	}
	var q Queue
	seen := make([]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		seen[i] = -1
	}
	var search func(cur int)
	search = func(cur int) {
		for i := 0; i < len(G[cur]); i++ {
			next := G[cur][i]
			if seen[next] == -1 {
				q.push(next)
				seen[next] = seen[cur] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	q.push(0)
	seen[0] = 0
	for !q.isEmpty() {
		search(q.pop())
	}

	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(wtr, i+1, seen[i])
	}
	wtr.Flush()
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N]; 
/* d[N] are distances which describe the state whether the node is already visited.
   if the value == INFTY, the edge is NOT yet visited.
 */

void bfs(int s) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        u = q.front(); q.pop();
        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if (M[u][v] == 0) continue;
            if (d[v] != INFTY) continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    int u, k, v;
    
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) M[i][j] = 0;
    }
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--; // because the index is 0-origin!
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> v;
            v--; // because the index is 0-origin!
            M[u][v] = 1; // edges between u and v are available (connected).
        }
    }
    
    bfs(0);
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX=101;

vector<int> Adjacency[MAX];
int dt[MAX];
bool Visited[MAX];

void bfs(int i)
{
    queue<int> Q;
    dt[i]=0;Q.push(i);
    Visited[i]=true;
    int d=0;
    while(!Q.empty())
    {
        int p=Q.front();Q.pop();d=dt[p]+1; //important
        for(int j=0;j<Adjacency[p].size();j++)
        {
            if(Visited[Adjacency[p][j]]==true) continue;
            //else
            Q.push(Adjacency[p][j]); Visited[Adjacency[p][j]]=true;
            dt[Adjacency[p][j]]=d;
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        int j,num;
        cin>>j>>num;
        for(int k=0;k<num;k++)
        {
            int t;cin>>t;
            Adjacency[j].push_back(t);
        }
    }
    bfs(1);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        cout<<i<<' '<<dt[i]<<endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef pair<double, double> pdd;
typedef vector<vector<ll>> Graph;

const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;
//const ll mod = 998244353;

#define REP(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)n;i++)
#define dump(x)  cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;
#define spa << " " <<
#define fi first
#define se second

template<class T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (a>b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }

template<class S, class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const pair<S, T> v){
os << "(" << v.first << ", " << v.second << ")"; return os;
}
template<class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const vector<T> v){
for(int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++){if(i > 0){os << " ";} os << v[i];} return os;
}
template<class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const vector<vector<T>> v){
for(int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++){if(i > 0){os << endl;} os << v[i];} return os;
}

template<typename T> void debug(vector<vector<T>>&v,ll h,ll w){for(ll i=0;i<h;i++)
{cerr<<v[i][0];for(ll j=1;j<w;j++)cerr spa v[i][j];cerr<<endl;}};
template<typename T> void debug(vector<T>&v,ll n){if(n!=0)cerr<<v[0];
for(ll i=1;i<n;i++)cerr spa v[i];
cerr<<endl;};

string num2bit(ll num, ll len){
    string bit = "";
    REP(i, len){
    bit += char('0'+(num>>i & 1));
    }
    return bit;
}

vector<int> graph_bfs(Graph &G, vector<ll> &s){
    const int N = G.size();
    vector<int> dist(N, -1);
    queue<int> qu;

    // initialization
    for(auto v: s){
        qu.push(v);
        dist[v] = 0;
    }

    while(!qu.empty()){
        int now = qu.front();qu.pop();
        for(auto next: G[now]){
            if(dist[next] != -1) continue;
            dist[next] = dist[now] + 1;
            qu.push(next);
        }
    }

    return dist;
}

int main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    ll n;
    cin >> n;
    Graph G(n);
    REP(i, n){
        ll u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        REP(j, k){
            ll v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<ll> s = {0};

    auto dist = graph_bfs(G, s);

    REP(i, n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

#define REP(var, count) for(int var=0; var<count; var++)

int main(void) {
	int N;
	cin >> N;
	
	vector<int> rin[105];
	int ans[105];
	
	REP(i, N) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		
		REP(j, k) {
			int c;
			cin >> c;
			
			rin[u].push_back(c);
		}
		
		ans[i] = -1;
	}
	ans[N] = -1;
	
	ans[1] = 0;
	queue<int> que;
	que.push(1);
	
	while(que.size()) {
		int s = que.front();
		que.pop();
		
		//cerr << "checking " << s << endl;
		
		REP(j, rin[s].size() ) {
			//cerr << "edge to " << rin[s][j] << endl;
			if ( ans[rin[s][j]] == -1 ) {
				ans[rin[s][j]] = ans[s] + 1;
				que.push(rin[s][j]);
			}
		}
	}
	
	for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) {
		cout << i << " " << ans[i] << endl;
	}
}