Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

void bfs(int src, int n, vector<vector<int> > G);

int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<int> > G(n, vector<int>(n, 0));
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int v_j;
			cin >> v_j;
			G[u - 1][v_j - 1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0, n, G);
}

void bfs(int src, int n, vector<vector<int> > G) {
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	vector<int> D(n, 0);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int dst = 0; dst < n; dst++)
			if (G[cur][dst] == 1 && D[dst] == 0){
				D[dst] = D[cur] + 1;
				Q.push(dst);
			}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <math.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <utility>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define rrep(i,n) for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<b;i++)
#define ll long long
#define INF 1000000001
#define mod 1000000007
using namespace std;

int main(){
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	vector<int> k(n),d(n);
	vector<vector<int>> v(n);
	rep(i,n){
		int w;
		cin>>w;
		cin>>k[i];
		v[i].resize(k[i]);
		rep(j,k[i]){
			cin>>v[i][j];
			v[i][j]--;
		}
		d[i]=-1;
	}

	queue<int> q;
	q.push(0);
	d[0]=0;
	while(!q.empty()){
		int x=q.front();
		q.pop();
		rep(i,k[x]){
			if(d[v[x][i]]==-1){
				d[v[x][i]]=d[x]+1;
				q.push(v[x][i]);
			}
		}
	}
	rep(i,n){
		cout<<i+1<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
const int N = 100;
const int INFTY = (1<<21);
using namespace std;
int n,M[N][N],d[N];
void bfs(int u){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(u);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[u] = 0;
    while(!q.empty()){
        int m = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(M[m][i]&&d[i]==INFTY){
                d[i] = d[m] + 1;
                q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        cout<<i+1<<" "<<(d[i]==INFTY?-1:d[i])<<endl;
}
int main(){
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		int u,k,v;
		scanf("%d%d",&u,&k);
		while(k--){
			scanf("%d",&v);
			M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 1001001001;

void bfs(vector< vector<int> >& edges, vector<int>& d, int node)
{
    d[node] = 0;
    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(node);
    while(!Q.empty())
    {
        node = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for(int e : edges[node])
        {
            if(d[e] == INF)
            {
                d[e] = d[node] + 1;
                Q.push(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    int n, u, k, v;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int> d(n);
    vector< vector<int> > edges(n);
    for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
    {
        d[i] = INF;
        cin >> u >> k;
        --u;
        for(int j=0;j<k;++j)
        {
            cin >> v;
            edges[u].push_back(--v);
        }
    }
    bfs(edges, d, 0);
    for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
    {
        cout << i+1 << " ";
        if(d[i] == INF) cout << -1;
        else cout << d[i];
        cout << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
void bfs(int);
int n,M[N][N],d[N],u,i,j;
string color[N];
int main(){
  int inu,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
      M[i][j]=0;
    }
  }
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    cin >> inu >> k;
    for(j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      M[inu][v]=M[v][inu]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(1);
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++) cout << i << ' ' << d[i] << endl;
  return 0;
}
void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
    color[i]="WHITE";
    d[i]=1000000000;
  }
  color[s]="GLAY";
  d[s]=0;
  q.push(s);
  while(q.empty()!=true){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
      if(M[u][i]&&color[i]=="WHITE"){
	color[i]="GLAY";
	d[i]=d[u]+1;
	q.push(i);
      }
    }
    color[u]="BLACK";
  }
}