Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

// I/O
type Scanner struct {
	sc *bufio.Scanner
}

func NewScanner() *Scanner {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	sc.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024), int(1e+9))
	return &Scanner{sc}
}

func (s *Scanner) nextStr() string {
	s.sc.Scan()
	return s.sc.Text()
}

func (s *Scanner) nextInt() int {
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(s.nextStr())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloat() float64 {
	f, e := strconv.ParseFloat(s.nextStr(), 64)
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return f
}

func (s *Scanner) nextRuneSlice() []rune {
	return []rune(s.nextStr())
}

func (s *Scanner) nextIntSlice(n int) []int {
	res := make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextInt()
	}
	return res
}

func (s *Scanner) nextFloatSlice(n int) []float64 {
	res := make([]float64, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		res[i] = s.nextFloat()
	}
	return res
}

// Arithmetic
func max(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m < i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func min(nums ...int) int {
	m := nums[0]
	for _, i := range nums {
		if m > i {
			m = i
		}
	}
	return m
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x > 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func pow(x, y int) int {
	res := 1
	for i := 0; i < y; i++ {
		res *= x
	}
	return res
}

func ceil(a, b int) int {
	if a%b == 0 {
		return a / b
	} else {
		return a/b + 1
	}
}

// Sort
type RuneSlice []rune

func (a RuneSlice) Len() int           { return len(a) }
func (a RuneSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i] < a[j] }
func (a RuneSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }

// Main
type Queue struct {
	arr []int
}

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	q.arr = append(q.arr, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	res := q.arr[0]
	q.arr = q.arr[1:]
	return res
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return len(q.arr) == 0
}

func main() {
	sc := NewScanner()
	wtr := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	N := sc.nextInt()
	G := make([][]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		u, k := sc.nextInt()-1, sc.nextInt()
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			G[u] = append(G[u], sc.nextInt()-1)
		}
	}
	var q Queue
	seen := make([]int, N)
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		seen[i] = -1
	}
	var search func(cur int)
	search = func(cur int) {
		for i := 0; i < len(G[cur]); i++ {
			next := G[cur][i]
			if seen[next] == -1 {
				q.push(next)
				seen[next] = seen[cur] + 1
			}
		}
	}
	q.push(0)
	seen[0] = 0
	for !q.isEmpty() {
		search(q.pop())
	}

	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintln(wtr, i+1, seen[i])
	}
	wtr.Flush()
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
 
 
int G[101][101], q1[101], q2[101], n;
 
void f(int a, int b){
  int i;
  q1[a] = b;
  for(i = 1; i <= q2[a]; i++){
    if(b + 1 < q1[G[a][i]]) f(G[a][i], b + 1);
  }
}
 
int main(){
  int i, j, m;
 
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    q1[i] = 100000000;
    scanf("%d", &m);
    scanf("%d", &q2[m]);
 
    for(j = 1; j <= q2[m]; j++) scanf("%d", &G[m][j]);
  }
 
  f(1, 0);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    if(q1[i] == 100000000) q1[i] = -1;
  }
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) printf("%d %d\n", i, q1[i]);
 
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<queue>
#define white 0
#define black -1
#define grey 1
#define infly 1<<21
using namespace std;
int a[110][110],n;
int d[110];
int color[110];

void bfs()
{
    memset(d,0,sizeof(d));
    queue<int> Q;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        d[i]=infly;
    d[1]=0;
    for(int i=1;i<=100;i++)
        color[i]=white;
    Q.push(1);
    while(!Q.empty())
    {
        int u=Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            if(a[u][i]==0)
                continue;
            if(d[i]!=infly)
                continue;
                Q.push(i);
                d[i]=d[u]+1;
        }
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
   {
       cout<<i<<" "<<((d[i]==infly)?(-1):d[i])<<endl;
   }

}

int main()
{
   int key,d,x;
   memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
   scanf("%d",&n);
   for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
   {
       scanf("%d%d",&key,&d);
       for(int j=1;j<=d;j++)
       {
        scanf("%d",&x);
        a[key][x]=1;
       }
   }
   bfs();
   return 0;
}

C++: //16D8103013E Sen Shunkou
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
int n;
int cnt=0;

int main(){
    //input
    int n;
    std::cin>>n;

    int cnt=0;
    int A[100][100];
    int dis_min[n];
    bool visited[n];

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
            A[i][j]=0;
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cin>>A[i][0];
        std::cin>>A[i][1];
        for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
            std::cin>>A[i][j+2];
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        dis_min[i]=-1;
    }

    //initialization
    std::queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    //std::cout<<"\n"<<que.front()<<"\n";
    //std::cout<<que.size()<<"\n\n";

    while(!que.empty()){
        int q=que.size();
        for(int k=0;k<q;k++){
            //std::cout<<"quesize"<<que.size()<<"\n";
            int i=que.front();
            que.pop();
            visited[i]=true;
            dis_min[i]=cnt;
            //std::cout<<i<<"cnt"<<cnt<<"\n";
            if(A[i][1]!=0){
                for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
                    if(visited[A[i][j+2]-1]!=true){
                        visited[A[i][j+2]-1]=true;
                        que.push(A[i][j+2]-1);
                        //std::cout<<A[i][j+2]-1<<"\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cnt++;
        //std::cout<<"cnt="<<cnt<<"\n";
    }

    //std::cout<<"===========\n";
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cout<<i+1<<" "<<dis_min[i]<<std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define INFTY (1<<30)

int n;
vector<vector<int>> M(101,vector<int>(101,0));
vector<int> color(101,0),d(101,INFTY);
queue<int> Q;

void bfs(){
    color[1]=1;
    d[1]=0;
    Q.push(1);
    while(!Q.empty()){
        int u=Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for(int v=1;v<n+1;v++){
            if(M[u][v]&&color[v]==0){
                color[v]=1;
                d[v]=d[u]+1;
                Q.push(v);
            }
        }
        color[u]=2;
    }
}


int main(){
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        int a,b,k;
        cin>>a>>k;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            cin>>b;
            M[a][b]=1;
        }
    }

    bfs();

    for(int i=1;i<n+1;i++){
        cout<<i<<' ';
        if(d[i]==INFTY) cout<<-1<<endl;
        else cout<<d[i]<<endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

int main(){
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  int ti = clock();
  // start-----------------------------------------------
  int n; cin >> n;
  vector<vector<int>> g(n);
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    int u, k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
      int v; cin >> v; v--;
      g[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }
  vector<int> dist(n, -1);
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(0);
  dist[0] = 0;
  while(!q.empty()){
    int now = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int nx: g[now]){
      if(dist[nx] == -1){
        dist[nx] = dist[now] + 1;
        q.push(nx);
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << i+1 << ' ' << dist[i] << endl;
  // end-----------------------------------------------
  // cerr << 1.0 * (clock() - ti) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;
}