Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<stdio.h>
 
 
int G[101][101], q1[101], q2[101], n;
 
void f(int a, int b){
  int i;
  q1[a] = b;
  for(i = 1; i <= B[a]; i++){
    if(b + 1 < q1[G[a][i]]) f(G[a][i], b + 1);
  }
}
 
int main(){
  int i, j, m;
 
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    q1[i] = 100000000;
    scanf("%d", &m);
    scanf("%d", &q2[m]);
 
    for(j = 1; j <= B[m]; j++) scanf("%d", &G[m][j]);
  }
 
  f(1, 0);
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
    if(q1[i] == 100000000) q1[i] = -1;
  }
 
  for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) printf("%d %d\n", i, q1[i]);
 
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

queue<int> Q;
int N;
bool PATH[101][101];
int len[101];

void BFS(int id){
    Q.pop();
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        if (PATH[id][i]) {
            if (len[i] > len[id] + 1) {
                len[i] = len[id] + 1;
                Q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
}

void BFS_m(){
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        BFS(Q.front());
    }
}

int main(){
    Q.push(1);
    cin >> N;
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        int bb;
        int n;
        cin >> bb;
        cin >> n;
        for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
            int s;
            cin >> s;
            PATH[i][s] = true;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) len[i] = 2000000000;
    len[1] = 0;
    
    BFS_m();
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n",i,len[i]);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct edge{
    int node;
    edge *next;
}nodes[105];

int n,d[105],v[105];
queue<edge> E;

void bfs(){
    edge *e=E.front().next;
    while(e!=NULL){
        int num=e->node;
        if(v[num]==0){
            v[num]=1;
            d[num]=d[E.front().node]+1;
            E.push(nodes[num]);
        }
        e=e->next;
    }
    E.pop();
}

int main(){
    memset(v,0,sizeof(v));
    memset(d,0,sizeof(d));
    cin>>n;
    int i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        int ii,n_i;
        cin>>ii>>n_i;
        nodes[ii].node=ii;
        edge *first=&nodes[ii];
        for(j=0;j<n_i;j++){
            edge *e=new edge();
            cin>>e->node;
            first->next=e;
            first=e;
        }
    }
    E.push(nodes[1]);
    while(E.size()!=0){
        bfs();
    }
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)cout<<i<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define M_PI       3.14159265358979323846   // pi

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef vector<ll> VI;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;
typedef tuple<ll, ll, ll> t3;
typedef tuple<ll, ll, ll, ll> t4;
typedef tuple<ll, ll, ll, ll, ll> t5;

#define rep(a,n) for(ll a = 0;a < n;a++)
#define repi(a,b,n) for(ll a = b;a < n;a++)

using namespace std;

static const ll INF = 1e15;

struct warshall_floyd {
	static void solve(vector<vector<ll>>& d) {
		int n = d.size();
		rep(k, n) {
			rep(i, n) {
				rep(j, n) {
					d[i][j] = min(d[i][j], d[i][k] + d[k][j]);
				}
			}
		}
	}
};

int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<ll>> dist(n, vector<ll>(n, INF));
	rep(i, n) {
		dist[i][i] = 0;
	}
	rep(i, n) {
		int a, v;
		cin >> a >> v;
		rep(j, v) {
			int t;
			cin >> t;
			t--;
			dist[i][t] = 1;
		}
	}
	warshall_floyd::solve(dist);
	rep(i, n) {
		if (dist[0][i] == INF) {
			cout << i + 1 << " " << -1 << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << i + 1 << " " << dist[0][i] << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: //#define LOCAL

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define rep(a, b) for(int i = a; i <= b; i++)
#define mst(a) memset(a, 0, sizeof(a))

const int MAX = 1e2 + 10;


bool mtx[MAX][MAX];
int vis[MAX];
int n;

queue<int> q;

void init(void)
{
	while(!q.empty())
		q.pop();
	mst(vis);
	mst(mtx);
	n = 0;
	return;
}

bool check(int x, int y)
{
	if(mtx[x][y] && !vis[y])
		return true;
	return false;
}

void Bfs(void)
{
	q.push(1);
	while(!q.empty())
	{
		int cur = q.front();
		q.pop();
		rep(1, MAX - 10)
		{
			if(check(cur, i))
			{
				q.push(i);
				vis[i] = vis[cur] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
	return;
}

int main()
{
#ifdef LOCAL
	freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
#endif

	while(~scanf("%d", &n))
	{
		rep(1, n)
		{
			int row;
			scanf("%d", &row);
			int num;
			scanf("%d", &num);
			for(int j = 1; j <= num; j++)
			{
				int tmp;
				scanf("%d", &tmp);
				mtx[row][tmp] = true;
			}
		}
		Bfs();
		rep(1, n)
		{
			printf("%d %d\n", i, vis[i]);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define REAP(i,a,n) for(int i=(a);i<(n);i++)
#define YES cout<<"Yes"<<endl
#define NO cout<<"No"<<endl
#define fr first
#define sc second
#define pb push_back
#define All(v) v.begin(),v.end()
typedef long long ll;

int table[101][101];

void init(){
    REP(i,101){
        REP(j,101){
            table[i][j]=1e9;
            if(i==j)table[i][j]=0;
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    init();
    int u,k,v;
    REP(i,n){
        cin >> u >> k;
        REP(j,k){
            cin >> v;
            table[u-1][v-1]=1;
        }
    }

    REP(k,n){
        REP(i,n){
            REP(j,n){
                table[i][j]=min(table[i][j],table[i][k]+table[k][j]);
            }
        }
    }
    REP(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << ((table[0][i]<n)?table[0][i]:-1);
        cout << endl;
    }
}