Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cfloat>
#include <complex>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

#define chmax(x, y) x = max(x, y)
#define chmin(x, y) x = min(x, y)
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define Sort(v) sort(v.begin(), v.end())
#define Reverse(v) reverse(v.begin(), v.end())
#define Lower_bound(v, x) \
  distance(v.begin(), lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x))
#define Upper_bound(v, x) \
  distance(v.begin(), upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x))

using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;
using T = tuple<ll, ll, ll>;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vP = vector<P>;
using vT = vector<T>;
using vvll = vector<vector<ll>>;
using vvP = vector<vector<P>>;
using dqll = deque<ll>;

ll dx[9] = {-1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1, 0};
ll dy[9] = {0, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 0};

const ll INF = 1LL << 50;

const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

// Union-Find木
// 初期化 UF(N); Nは要素数
// 結合 unite(x,y); 同じ集合か判定 same(x,y);
// 集合の数 count
struct UnionFind {
  vector<ll> par, sizes;
  ll cnt;
  UnionFind(ll N) : par(N), sizes(N, 1), cnt(N) {
    for (ll i = 0; i < N; i++) par[i] = i;
  }

  ll find(ll x) { return par[x] == x ? x : par[x] = find(par[x]); }

  bool same(ll x, ll y) { return find(x) == find(y); }

  ll size(ll x) { return sizes[find(x)]; }

  void unite(ll x, ll y) {
    x = find(x);
    y = find(y);
    if (x == y) return;
    if (sizes[x] < sizes[y]) swap(x, y);
    par[y] = x;
    sizes[x] += sizes[y];
    cnt--;
  }

  ll count() const { return cnt; }
};

int main() {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;

  vvll eds(n);

  rep(i, n) {
    ll u, k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    rep(j, k) {
      ll v;
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      eds[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }

  vll dist(n, -1);
  queue<ll> q;
  q.push(0);
  dist[0] = 0;
  while (!q.empty()) {
    ll u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for (auto& v : eds[u]) {
      if (dist[v] == -1) {
        dist[v] = dist[u] + 1;
        q.push(v);
      }
    }  // v
  }

  rep(i, n) printf("%lld %lld\n", i + 1, dist[i]);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
template<class T>bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T>bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (a>b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }

using Lint=long long;
using Graph=vector<vector<int>>;

const int INF=1e9;

int main()
{
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int N; cin>>N;
    Graph G(N);
    for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
        int u,k; cin>>u>>k;
        u--;
        while(k--){
            int v; cin>>v;
            v--;
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<int> dist(N,INF);
    dist[0]=0;
    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(0);
    while(!Q.empty()){
        int v=Q.front(); Q.pop();
        for(int u:G[v]){
            if(chmin(dist[u],dist[v]+1)) Q.push(u);
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
        cout<<i+1<<' '<<(dist[i]==INF? -1:dist[i])<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: /*
    Problem 28
    https://onlinejudge.u-aizu.ac.jp/problems/ALDS1_11_C
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* typedef */
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
/* constant */
const int INF = 1 << 30;
const ll LINF = 1LL << 50;
const int NIL = -1;
const int MAX = 105;
const int mod = 1000000007;
const double pi = 3.141592653589;
/* global variables */
vector<vector<int>> G(MAX, vector<int>(MAX));
vector<int> dist(MAX, -1);
/* function */
void bfs() {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    dist[0] = 0;  // distで訪れたかどうかcheck
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int from = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int to : G[from]) {
            if (dist[to] != -1) continue;
            dist[to] = dist[from] + 1;
            q.push(to);
        }
    }
}
/* main */
int main(){
    int N;
    cin >> N;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            // 有効グラフ
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    bfs();

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) cout << i+1 << ' ' << dist[i] << '\n';
}