Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

static const int INF=(1<<21);

int n,M[101][101];
int d[101];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int>q;
  q.push(s);

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INF;
  }

  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=INF) continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<( (d[i]==INF) ? (-1):d[i] )<<endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;

  cin>>n;

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#define INF 1<<30
#define MAX 100000
using namespace std;

class Queue{
private:
  int inf[MAX];
  int head,tail;
 
public:
 
  Queue(){
    syokika();
  }
 
  void syokika(){
    head = 0;
    tail = 0;
  }
 
  void push(int x){
    inf[tail]=x;
    if(MAX == tail+1)tail = 0;
    else tail++;
  }
 
  void pop(){
    if(MAX == head+1)head=0;
    else head++;
  }
 
  int front(){
    return inf[head];
  }
 
  bool empty(){
    if(tail - head == 0)return true;
    else return false;
  }
 
  int size(){
    return tail - head;
  }
 
};

int imap[200][200];
int k[200] = {0}; 
int ans[200] = {0};
bool used[200];

int main(){
  int n,u[1000];
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<200;i++)for(int j=0;j<200;j++)imap[j][i] = INF;  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u[i];
    cin >> k[u[i]];
    for(int j=0;j<k[u[i]];j++){
      cin >> imap[u[i]][j];
    }
  }

  sort(u,u+n);

  /*
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<k[u[i]];j++){
      cout << imap[u[i]][j] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
  }
  */

  Queue que = Queue();

  que.push(u[0]);

  while(!que.empty()){
    int p = que.front(); que.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<k[p];i++){
      if(!used[imap[p][i]]){
	que.push(imap[p][i]);//cout << "push!= " << imap[p][i] << endl;
	used[imap[p][i]] = true;
	ans[imap[p][i]] = ans[p] + 1;
      }
    }
  }


 
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << u[i] << " " << ans[u[i]] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Graph =vector<vector<int>>;
vector<bool> visit(100,false);
#define mp make_pair
vector<int> dis(100,-1);

void bfs(int s,Graph graph)
{
    int n=graph.size();
    queue<int> que;
    dis[s]=0;
    visit[0]=true;
    que.push(s);
    int v,u;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        v=que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if (!visit[i] && graph[v][i])
            {
                visit[i]=true;
                dis[i]=dis[v]+1;
                que.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    int n;cin >> n;
    Graph graph(n,vector<int> (n,0));
    int v,k,u;
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        cin >> v;
        cin >> k;
        for (int j=0;j<k;j++)
        {
            cin >>u;
            graph[v-1][u-1]=1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0,graph);
    for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        cout << i+1<<" "<<dis[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: include <iostream>
#include <queue>

#define FOR(i,k,n) for (int (i)=(k); (i)<(n); ++(i))
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n,u,k,v,src=0;
    cin >> n;
    int D[n],g[n][n];
    REP(i,n){
        D[i] = 0;
        REP(j,n){
            g[i][j] = 0;
        }    
    }
    REP(i,n){ 
        cin >> u >> k;
            REP(j,k){
                cin >> v;
                g[v-1][u-1] = 1;
            }
    }

    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(src);
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        int cur = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
            REP(i,n){
                if(g[i][cur] == 1 && D[i] == 0){
                    D[i] = D[cur] + 1;
                    Q.push(i);
                }
            }
    }

    REP(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << D[i] << endl;    
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

static const int N=101;
static const int INF=(1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=INF;
  d[s]=0;
  
  int u;
 
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=INF) continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
 
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(d[i]==INF)d[i]=-1;
  }
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
  }
  
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;

  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0; 
  }
 
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u;
    cin>>k;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      M[u-1][v-1]=1;
    }
  }
 
  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}