Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
  int dis[101],flag[101];
  vector<queue<int> > vec(101);
  int n,id,cnt,x,val=0;

  memset(dis,255,sizeof(dis));
  memset(flag,0,sizeof(flag));

  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>id>>cnt;
    queue<int> tmp;
    for(int l=0;l<cnt;l++){
      cin>>x;
      tmp.push(x);
    }
    vec[id]=tmp;
  }

  queue<int> que;
  que.push(1);
  while(!que.empty()){
    queue<int> tmp=que;
    while(!que.empty())
      que.pop();
    int p;

    while(!tmp.empty()){
      p=tmp.front();tmp.pop();
      if(dis[p]==-1)
	dis[p]=val;

      while(!vec[p].empty()){
	que.push(vec[p].front());
	vec[p].pop();
      }
    }
    val++;
  }

  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    printf("%d %d\n",i,dis[i]);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 101

vector<int> G[MAX];

int bfs(int id){
	queue<int> Q;
	int temp[MAX] = {}, ans = -1;
	
	Q.push(1);
	
	while(!Q.empty()){
		int n = Q.front(); Q.pop();
		if(n == id){
			ans = temp[n];
			break;
		}
		for(int y : G[n]){
			if(temp[y]==0&&y!=1){
				temp[y] += temp[n] + 1;
				Q.push(y);
			}
		}
	}
	return ans;
}

int main(){
	int n, u, k, v, A[MAX][MAX] = {};
	
	cin>>n;
	
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cin>>u>>k;
		for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
			cin>>v;
			G[u].push_back(v);
		}
	}
	
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		cout<<i<<" "<<bfs(i)<<endl;
	}
	
	
	return 0;
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
#define REP(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define REPR(i, n) for(int i = n; i >= 0; i--)
#define FOR(i, m, n) for(int i = m; i < n; i++)
#define FORR(i, a, b) for(int i=(b)-1; i>=(a); --i)
#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define FS first
#define SC second
#define SZ(a) int((a).size())
#define SORT(c) sort((c).begin(),(c).end())
#define MEMSET(v, h) memset((v), h, sizeof(v))
#define sqr(x) ((x) * (x))
#define bit(n) (1LL<<(n))
#define pcnt(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
#define PB push_back
#define MP make_pair
#define endl "\n"
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
typedef long double LD;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<LL> VLL;
typedef vector<bool> VB;
typedef vector<vector<int> > VVI;
typedef vector<vector<bool> > VVB;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef vector<PII> VPII;
const LL MOD=1000000007ll;
const LL INF=2000000000ll;

long power(long a,long b){return b?power(a*a%MOD,b/2)*(b%2?a:1)%MOD:1;}

long perm(int N, int K){
	long x=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=K;i++)
	{
		x=x*(N-i+1)%MOD;
	}
	return x%MOD;
}

long factorial(int N){
	return perm(N,N);
}

long comb(int N,int K){
	long x=1,y=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=K;i++)
	{
		x=x*(N-i+1)%MOD;
		y=y*i%MOD;
	}
	return x*power(y,MOD-2)%MOD;
}

long hcomb(int N, int K){
    return comb(N+K-1, N-1);
}

void dfs(const vector<vector<int> > &G, int v, vector<int> &seen) {
    seen[v] = true; // v を訪問済にする

    // v から行ける各頂点 next_v について
    for (auto next_v : G[v]) { 
        if (seen[next_v]) continue; // next_v が探索済だったらスルー
        dfs(G, next_v, seen); // 再帰的に探索
    }
}

void wfs(const vector<vector<int> > &G, int v, vector<int> &dist){
    REP(i,SZ(dist)) dist[i] = -1; // 全頂点を「未訪問」に初期化
    queue<int> que;

    // 初期条件 (頂点 0 を初期ノードとする)
    dist[v] = 0;
    que.push(v); // 0 を橙色頂点にする

    // BFS 開始 (キューが空になるまで探索を行う)
    while (!que.empty()) {
        v = que.front(); // キューから先頭頂点を取り出す
        que.pop();

        // v から辿れる頂点をすべて調べる
        for (int next_v : G[v]) {
            if (dist[next_v] != -1) continue; // すでに発見済みの頂点は探索しない

            // 新たな白色頂点 nv について距離情報を更新してキューに追加する
            dist[next_v] = dist[v] + 1;
            que.push(next_v);
        }
    }
}

int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0);
	cout << fixed << setprecision(10);

	int n, u, k;
	cin >> n;
	VVI G(n);
	REP(i,n){
		cin >> u >> k;
		if(k){
			G[i].resize(k);
			REP(j,k){
				cin >> G[i][j];
				G[i][j]--;
			}
		}
	}

	VI d(n);
	wfs(G,0,d);
	REP(i,n) cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;

}