Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

type ElementKey int
type Node struct {
	key    ElementKey
	parent *Node
	rank   int
}

func newNode(key ElementKey) *Node {
	node := Node{}
	node.key = key
	node.parent = &node
	node.rank = 0

	return &node
}

func union(x, y *Node) {
	xSet := findSet(x)
	ySet := findSet(y)
	link(xSet, ySet)
}

func link(x, y *Node) {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
	} else {
		x.parent = y

		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank++
		}
	}
}

func findSet(x *Node) *Node {
	if x != x.parent {
		x.parent = findSet(x.parent)
	}
	return x.parent
}

func newDisjointSets(nSets int) *DisjointSets {
	sets := DisjointSets{}
	sets.keyToNode = map[ElementKey]*Node{}
	for i := 0; i < nSets; i++ {
		key := ElementKey(i)
		sets.keyToNode[key] = newNode(key)
	}
	return &sets
}

type DisjointSets struct {
	keyToNode map[ElementKey]*Node
}

func (sets *DisjointSets) union(x, y ElementKey) {
	xNode := sets.keyToNode[x]
	yNode := sets.keyToNode[y]
	union(xNode, yNode)
}

func (sets DisjointSets) findSet(x ElementKey) *Node {
	xNode := sets.keyToNode[x]
	return findSet(xNode)
}

type Edge struct {
	i, j   int
	weight int
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n := nextInt()
	sets := newDisjointSets(n)
	edges := []Edge{}
	a := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		a[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			a[i][j] = nextInt()
			if a[i][j] >= 0 {
				e := Edge{
					i:      i,
					j:      j,
					weight: a[i][j],
				}
				edges = append(edges, e)
			}
		}
	}
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool { return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight })
	totalWeight := 0
	for _, edge := range edges {
		i := ElementKey(edge.i)
		j := ElementKey(edge.j)
		if sets.findSet(i) != sets.findSet(j) {
			totalWeight += edge.weight
			sets.union(i, j)
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(totalWeight)
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u, minv;
    int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
    
    for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    
    while(1){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
            if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for(int v= 0;v<n;v++){
            if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
                if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
                d[v] = M[u][v];
                p[v] = u;
                color[v] = GRAY;
            }
        }    
    }
 }
int sum = 0;
for(int i =0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
}

return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin>>n;
    
    for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j = 0;j<n;j++){
            int e; cin>>e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }
    
    cout << prim() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>

class union_find  // union find.
{
    int* U;
public:
    union_find(int n){ U = new int [n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) U[i] = i; }
    int root(int a){ if(U[a] == a){ return a; } U[a] = root(U[a]); return U[a]; }
    bool same(int a, int b){ return root(a) == root(b); }
    void join(int a, int b){ int x = root(a), y = root(b); U[x] = y; }
    ~union_find(){ delete [] U; }
};

struct edge{
    int v1, v2, w;
    bool operator < (const edge &e) const{ return w > e.w; }  // const?????????????????????
};

edge init(int ver_1, int ver_2, int weight)
{
	edge e;
	e.v1 = ver_1, e.v2 = ver_2, e.w = weight;
	return e;
}

int main()
{
	int i, j, w, n;
	scanf("%d", &n);

	priority_queue<edge> ES;
	union_find VS(n);

	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
			scanf("%d", &w);
			if(i >= j || w < 0) continue;
			ES.push(init(i, j, w));
		}
	}
	int size = 0, sum = 0;
	edge e;
	while(!ES.empty() && size < n - 1){
		e = ES.top();
		ES.pop();
		if(!VS.same(e.v1, e.v2)){
			VS.join(e.v1, e.v2);
			sum += e.w;
			size++;
		}
	};
	printf("%d\n", sum);

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), i##_max = (b); i < i##_max; ++i)
#define RFOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (b)-1, i##_min = (a); i >= i##_min; --i)
#define REP(i, n) for (int i = 0, i##_len = (n); i < i##_len; ++i)
#define RREP(i, n) for (int i = (n)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define ALL(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end()

using namespace std;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using i64 = int64_t;

constexpr int INF = 1 << 30;
constexpr int MOD = 1000000007;

template <typename T>
void print(vector<T> &v) {
  REP(i, v.size()) {
    if (i) cout << " ";
    cout << v[i];
  }
  cout << endl;
}

enum Color { White, Black };

int prim(vector<vi> &M) {
  auto n = M.size();
  vi d(n, INF), p(n, -1);
  vector<Color> color(n, White);
  d[0] = 0;
  while (true) {
    auto minv = INF;
    auto u = -1;
    REP(i, n) {
      if (color[i] == White && d[i] < minv) {
        minv = d[i];
        u = i;
      }
    }
    if (u == -1) break;
    color[u] = Black;
    REP(i, n) {
      if (color[i] == White && M[u][i] != INF && M[u][i] < d[i]) {
        d[i] = M[u][i];
        p[i] = u;
      }
    }
  }
  int sum = 0;
  REP(i, n) if (p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
  return sum;
}

int main() {
  int n, e;
  cin >> n;
  vector<vi> M(n, vi(n, 0));
  REP(i, n) {
    REP(j, n) {
      cin >> e;
      M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INF : e;
    }
  }

  auto ans = prim(M);
  cout << ans << endl;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
#define MAX_N (105)
#define INF (10000)
int n;
int G[MAX_N][MAX_N];
bool MST[MAX_N];
int DIST[MAX_N];		// MST??¨????????¢
int NEIGH[MAX_N];		// ??£??????

int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
	    int d;
	    scanf("%d", &d);
	    G[i][j] = ( d == -1 ) ? INF : d;
	}
    }

    int r = 0;
    int size_mst = 1;

    MST[r] = true;
    
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	if ( i == r ) continue;
	DIST[i] = G[r][i];
	NEIGH[i] = r;
    }

    int ans = 0;

    while ( size_mst < n ) {
	int u = 0;
	int min_dist = INF;
	// ????°????????????¢???
	for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	    if ( !MST[i] ) {
		if ( DIST[i] < min_dist ) {
		    u = i;
		    min_dist = DIST[i];
		}
	    }
	}

	ans += min_dist;
	
	MST[u] = true;
	size_mst++;

	// MST??¨????????¢?????´??°
	for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
	    if ( !MST[i] ) {
		if ( G[u][i] < DIST[i] ) {
		    DIST[i] = G[u][i];
		    NEIGH[i] = u;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

    printf("%d\n", ans);

    return 0;
}