Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"container/heap"
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

type Item struct {
	value    int // The value of the item; arbitrary.
	priority int // The priority of the item in the queue.
	// The index is needed by update and is maintained by the heap.Interface methods.
	index int // The index of the item in the heap.
}
type PriorityQueue []*Item

func (pq PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq) }
func (pq PriorityQueue) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return pq[i].priority < pq[j].priority
}
func (pq PriorityQueue) Swap(i, j int) {
	pq[i], pq[j] = pq[j], pq[i]
	pq[i].index = i
	pq[j].index = j
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) Push(x interface{}) {
	n := len(*pq)
	item := x.(*Item)
	item.index = n
	*pq = append(*pq, item)
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop() interface{} {
	old := *pq
	n := len(old)
	item := old[n-1]
	item.index = -1 // for safety
	*pq = old[0 : n-1]
	return item
}

type Q struct {
	pq *PriorityQueue
	ds map[int]int // It has always same value as pq. For random access.
}

func newQ() *Q {
	pq := new(PriorityQueue)
	heap.Init(pq)
	return &Q{
		pq: pq,
		ds: make(map[int]int),
	}
}
func (q *Q) pop() (u, d int) {
	item := heap.Pop(q.pq).(*Item)
	delete(q.ds, item.value)
	return item.value, item.priority
}
func (q *Q) get(u int) (int, bool) { // returns d
	d, ok := q.ds[u]
	return d, ok
}
func (q *Q) set(u, d int) {
	q.ds[u] = d
	for _, item := range *q.pq {
		if item.value != u {
			continue
		}

		item.priority = d
		heap.Fix(q.pq, item.index)
		return
	}
	heap.Push(q.pq, &Item{
		priority: d,
		value:    u,
	})
}
func (q *Q) len() int {
	return len(q.ds)
}

func main() {
	r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)

	var n int
	fmt.Fscan(r, &n)
	cs := make([]map[int]int, n) // []v_i -> c_i
	for h := 0; h < n; h++ {
		var u, k int
		fmt.Fscan(r, &u, &k)
		m := make(map[int]int)
		for i := 0; i < k; i++ {
			var v, c int
			fmt.Fscan(r, &v, &c)
			m[v] = c
		}

		cs[u] = m
	}

	q := newQ()
	q.set(0, 0)
	visited := make(map[int]struct{})
	out := make([]int, n)

	for q.len() > 0 {
		u, d := q.pop()
		for uu, c := range cs[u] {
			// Consider the connection between u and uu.
			if _, ok := visited[uu]; ok {
				continue
			}
			dd := d + c
			if d, ok := q.get(uu); !ok || d > dd {
				q.set(uu, dd)
			}
		}

		out[u] = d
		visited[u] = struct{}{}
	}

	for u, d := range out {
		fmt.Println(u, d)
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n;
vector<pair<int, int> > adj[MAX]; 

void dijkstra() {
    priority_queue<pair<int, int> > PQ;
	int d[MAX], color[MAX];
	
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		d[i] = INFTY;
		color[i] = WHITE;
	}
	
	d[0] = 0;
	PQ.push(make_pair(0,0));
	color[0] =GRAY;	
    while(!PQ.empty()) {
    	pair<int, int> f = PQ.top();
    	PQ.pop();
		int u = f.second;
		
		color[u] = BLACK;
		
		if(d[u] < f.first * (-1)) continue;
		
		for(int j = 0; j < adj[u].size(); j++) {
			int v = adj[u][j].first;
			if(color[v] == BLACK) continue;
			if(d[v] > d[u] + adj[u][j].second) {
				d[v] = d[u] + adj[u][j].second;
				PQ.push(make_pair(d[v] * (-1), v));
				color[v] = GRAY;
			}
		}
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    	cout << i << " " << (d[i] == INFTY ? -1 : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
	int k, c, u, v;
	
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		for(int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v >> c;
		    adj[u].push_back(make_pair(v, c));
		}
	} 
	
	dijkstra();

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX=10000;
static const int INFTY=(1<<20);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;

int n;
vector<pair<int,int> >adj[MAX];

void dijkstra(){
    priority_queue<pair<int,int> >PQ;
    int dtw[MAX],color[MAX];

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        dtw[i]=INFTY;
        color[i]=WHITE;
    }

    dtw[0]=0;
    PQ.push(make_pair(0,0));
    color[0]=GRAY;

    while(!PQ.empty()){
        pair<int,int>f=PQ.top();PQ.pop();
        int u= f.second;

        color[u]=BLACK;


        if(dtw[u]<f.first*(-1))continue;

        for(int j=0;j<adj[u].size();j++){
            int v=adj[u][j].first;
            if(color[v]==BLACK)continue;
            if(dtw[v]>dtw[u]+adj[u][j].second){
                dtw[v]=dtw[u]+adj[u][j].second;

                PQ.push(make_pair(dtw[v]*(-1),v));
                color[v]=GRAY;
            }
        }
    }
    
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cout<<i<<" "<<(dtw[i]==INFTY ? -1 : dtw[i]) <<endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    int k,u,v,c;

    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cin>>u>>k;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
            cin>>v>>c;
            adj[u].push_back(make_pair(v,c));
        }
    }

    dijkstra();

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <limits.h>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
 
using namespace std;
 
struct Node {
    int id;
    int cost;
    bool done;
    vector<int> next_node;
    vector<int> len_cost;
 
    bool operator<(const Node& right) const {
        return cost > right.cost;
    }
} node[10000];
 
int main() {
    int n, id, k;
 
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> id >> k;
        node[id].id = id;
        node[id].cost = INT_MAX;
        node[id].done = false;
        node[id].next_node.resize(k);
        node[id].len_cost.resize(k);
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> node[id].next_node[j] >> node[id].len_cost[j];
        }
    }
 
    priority_queue<Node> q;
    node[0].cost = 0;
    q.push(node[0]);
    while (!q.empty()) {
        Node temp = q.top();
        q.pop();
 
        if (temp.done == true) {
            continue;
        }
        node[temp.id].done = true;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < temp.next_node.size(); i++) {
            int to = temp.next_node[i];
            int cost = temp.cost + temp.len_cost[i];
            if (node[to].cost > cost) {
                node[to].cost = cost;
                q.push(node[to]);
            }
        }
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i << " " << node[i].cost << endl;
    }
     
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

#define maxn 110
#define INFTY (1<<30)
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1 //在本题中，这个可以去掉，无关紧要
#define BLACK 2
int n,m[maxn][maxn];

void dijkstra(int s) //从s开始求最短路径
{
    int minv,u;
    int d[maxn],p[maxn],color[maxn]; //在本题中，p数组起不到什么作用，可以去掉
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) //初始化
    {
        d[i]=INFTY;
        p[i]=-1;
        color[i]=WHITE;
    }
    d[s]=0;

    while(1)
    {
        minv=INFTY;
        u=-1;

        for(int i=0;i<n;i++) //寻找最小顶点
        {
            if(color[i]!=BLACK&&d[i]<minv) //类似prim算法
            {
                minv=d[i];
                u=i;
            }
        }
        if(u==-1) break;
        color[u]=BLACK;

        for(int v=0;v<n;v++)
        {
            if(color[v]!=BLACK&&m[u][v]!=INFTY) //注意这里与prim算法的细微差别
            {
                if(d[u]+m[u][v]<d[v])
                {
                    d[v]=d[u]+m[u][v];
                    p[v]=u;
                    color[v]=GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        cout<<i<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    int k,u,v,c;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
            m[i][j]=INFTY;

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        cin>>u>>k;
        for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
        {
            cin>>v>>c;
            m[u][v]=c;
        }
    }
    dijkstra(0);
    return 0;
}