Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
int n, ans, n_left, dis[101];
vector< vector<P> > G(101);
priority_queue< P, vector<P>, greater<P> > heap;
bool visited[101];

int main(){
   

    int u, v, w;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    n_left = n;
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
            scanf("%d", &w);
            if(w==-1) continue;
            G[i].push_back(P(w, j));
        }
    }
    ans = 0;
    memset(visited, 0, sizeof(visited));
    memset(dis, 127, sizeof(dis));
    heap.push(P(0, 0));
    dis[0] = 0;
    
    while(!heap.empty() && n_left>0){
        P top = heap.top();
        heap.pop();
        u = top.second;

        if(visited[u]) continue;
        visited[u] = true;
        --n_left;
        ans += top.first;
        for(int i=0; i<G[u].size(); i++){
            v = G[u][i].second;
            if(visited[v]) continue;
            w = G[u][i].first;
            if(w<dis[v]){
                dis[v] = w;
                heap.push(P(w, v));
            }
        }
    }

    printf("%d\n", ans);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int INF=99999999;


void get_network(int N,vector<vector<int>>& A){
    int s;
    for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<N;j++){
                cin>>s;
                A[i][j]=s;
        }
    }
}

int main(){
        int n;
        scanf("%d\n",&n);
        vector<vector<int>> array(n,vector<int>(n,0));
        get_network(n,array);

        // flag
        vector<int> flag(n,-1);
        // parent nodes
        vector<int> p(n,0);
        // mincost
        vector<int> d(n,INF);

        p[0]=-1;
        d[0]=0;

        int mincost,u;
        while(true){
                // search mincost
                mincost=INF;
                for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                        if(flag[i]!=1 && d[i]<mincost){
                                mincost=d[i];
                                u=i;
                        }
                }

                if(mincost==INF)break;

                flag[u]=1;

                for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                        if(flag[i]!=1 && array[u][i]!=-1){
                                if(array[u][i]<d[i]){
                                        d[i]=array[u][i];
                                        p[i]=u;
                                        flag[i]=0;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        int w=0;
        for(int i=0;i<p.size();i++){
                if(p[i]!=-1){
                        w+=array[p[i]][i];
                }
        }
        printf("%d\n",w);


        return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define MAX_E 10000
#define MAX_N 100
using namespace std;
void init_union_find(int);
bool same(int ,int);
void unite(int,int);
struct edge{
  int u,v,cost;
  bool operator < (const edge& e) const{
    if(cost != e.cost) return cost < e.cost;
    else if(u != e.u) return u < e.u;
    else return v < e.v;
  }
};

ostream& operator << (ostream& os,const edge& e){
  os <<e.cost<<e.u<<e.v;
}

int E,n;
edge G[MAX_E];

int A[100][100];

int kruskal(){ 
  sort(G,G + E);
  init_union_find(n);
  int res =0;
  for(int i = 0; i < E; i++){
    edge e = G[i];
    if(!same(e.u,e.v)){
       res += e.cost;
       unite(e.u,e.v);
    }
  }

  return res;
}


int main(){
  cin >> n;
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
      cin >> A[i][j];
      if(A[i][j]==-1){
	continue;
      }
      G[E]=(edge){i,j,A[i][j]};
      E++;
    }
  }
  cout <<kruskal()<<endl;
}




int par[MAX_N] ,rank[MAX_N];

void init_union_find(int n){
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
    par[i]=i;
    rank[i]=0;
 }
}

int find(int x){
  if ( par[x] == x) {
    return x;
  } else {
    return par[x] = find(par[x]);
  }
}

void unite(int x,int y){
  x = find(x);
  y = find(y);
  if(x == y) return;

  if(rank[x] < rank[y]){
    par[x] = y;
  }else {
    par[y] = x;
    if( rank[x] == rank[y]) rank[x]++;
  }
}
bool same(int x,int y){
  return find(x) == find(y);
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define MAXV 100
#define INF 2001
using namespace std;

int n, total = 0, mine, minj;
int mst[MAXV] = {}; //1 origin
int edge[MAXV][MAXV] = {}; //1 origin

void prim(void);
bool doesFinished(void);

int main() {
	int i, j;
	
	cin >> n;
	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		
		for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
			cin >> edge[i][j];
		}
	}

	mst[1] = 1;
	while (!doesFinished()) {
		prim();
	}

	cout << total << endl;

	return 0;
}

void prim(void) {
	int i, j;
	mine = INF;
	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		if (mst[i] == 0)continue;
		for (j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
			if (edge[i][j] == -1 || mst[j] == 1)continue;
			if (edge[i][j] < mine) {
				mine = edge[i][j];
				minj = j;
			}
		}
	}
	mst[minj] = 1;
	if(mine != INF)total += mine;
}

bool doesFinished(void) {
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		if (mst[i] == 0)return false;
	}
	return true;
}