Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	MAX_N      = 200
	MAX_WEIGHT = 2000
)

type Edge struct {
	start  int
	end    int
	weight int
}

type ShortestInfo struct {
	edges    []Edge
	shortest int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	shortestList := make([]ShortestInfo, n)
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		shortestList[i] = ShortestInfo{edges: []Edge{}, shortest: MAX_N*MAX_WEIGHT + 1}
	}

	adjacentMatrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adjacentMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			v, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjacentMatrix[i][j] = v
		}
	}

	mst([]int{1}, shortestList, adjacentMatrix)
	fmt.Println(calculateMinWeight(shortestList))
}

func calculateMinWeight(shortestList []ShortestInfo) int {
	visitedList := make([]bool, len(shortestList))
	visitedList[0] = true
	sumWeight := 0
	for !visitedAll(visitedList) {
		shortestInfo := shortestList[0]
		shortestList = shortestList[1:]
		edges := shortestInfo.edges
		for _, edge := range edges {
			if !visitedList[edge.end-1] {
				visitedList[edge.end-1] = true
				sumWeight += edge.weight
			}
		}
	}
	return sumWeight
}

func visitedAll(visitedList []bool) bool {
	for _, v := range visitedList {
		if !v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func mst(nodeStack []int, shortestList []ShortestInfo, adjacentMatrix [][]int) {
	for len(nodeStack) > 0 {
		currentNode := nodeStack[0]
		nodeStack = nodeStack[1:]
		currentShortest := getShortest(currentNode, shortestList)
		adjacents := findAdjacents(currentNode, adjacentMatrix)
		for i := 0; i < len(adjacents); i++ {
			adj := adjacents[i]
			s := getShortest(adj.end, shortestList)
			if currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight < s.shortest || (currentShortest.shortest+adj.weight == s.shortest && len(currentShortest.edges)+1 > len(s.edges)) {
				setShortest(adj.end, adj, currentShortest, shortestList)
				nodeStack = append(nodeStack, adj.end)
			}
		}
	}
}

func getShortest(node int, shortestList []ShortestInfo) ShortestInfo {
	return shortestList[node-1]
}

func setShortest(node int, edge Edge, currentShortest ShortestInfo, shortestList []ShortestInfo) {
	newEdges := make([]Edge, len(currentShortest.edges)+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(newEdges)-1; i++ {
		newEdges[i] = currentShortest.edges[i]
	}
	newEdges[len(newEdges)-1] = edge
	shortestInfo := ShortestInfo{edges: newEdges, shortest: currentShortest.shortest + edge.weight}
	shortestList[node-1] = shortestInfo
}

func findAdjacents(currentNode int, adjacentMatrix [][]int) []Edge {
	adjacents := adjacentMatrix[currentNode-1]
	edges := []Edge{}
	for i, v := range adjacents {
		if v > 0 {
			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: currentNode, end: i + 1, weight: v})
		}
	}
	return edges
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <utility>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

typedef uint64_t u64;
typedef int64_t s64;
typedef uint32_t u32;
typedef int32_t s32;
typedef vector<s32> vs32;
typedef vector<u32> vu32;
typedef vector<s64> vs64;
typedef vector<u64> vu64;

const double PI=3.14159265358979323846;

#define MAX(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (y) : (x))
#define MIN(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (y) : (x))

#define rep(i, N) for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

#define CEIL(x, y) (((x) + (y) - 1) / (y))
#define MOD 1000000007ULL

int main()
{
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin >> n;

    int g[n][n];
    int w;
    rep (i, n)
    {
        rep (j, n)
        {
            cin >> w;
            if (w < 0) w = 1e9;
            g[i][j] = w;
        }
    }

    u64 ans = 0;
    vs32 MST;
    vs32 remain(n - 1);
    rep (i, n - 1) remain[i] = i + 1;
    MST.push_back(0);
    while (MST.size() < n)
    {
        w = 1e9;
        int node;
        for (int u : MST)
        {
            rep (j, remain.size())
            {
                int v = remain[j];
                if (w > g[u][v])
                {
                    w = g[u][v];
                    node = j;
                }
            }
        }
        MST.push_back(remain[node]);
        swap(remain[node], remain.back());
        remain.pop_back();
        ans += w;
    }

    cout << ans << "\n";
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
    int u, minv;
    int d[MAX], p[MAX], color[MAX];
    
    for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }
    
    d[0] = 0;
    
    while(1){
        minv = INFTY;
        u = -1;
        for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
            if(minv > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK){
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if(u == -1) break;
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for(int v= 0;v<n;v++){
            if(color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY){
                if(d[v] > M[u][v]){
                d[v] = M[u][v];
                p[v] = u;
                color[v] = GRAY;
            }
        }    
    }
 }
int sum = 0;
for(int i =0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i] != -1) sum += M[i][p[i]];
}

return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin>>n;
    
    for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j = 0;j<n;j++){
            int e; cin>>e;
            M[i][j] = (e == -1) ? INFTY : e;
        }
    }
    
    cout << prim() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>

class union_find  // union find.
{
    int* U;
public:
    union_find(int n){ U = new int [n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) U[i] = i; }
    int root(int a){ if(U[a] == a){ return a; } U[a] = root(U[a]); return U[a]; }
    bool same(int a, int b){ return root(a) == root(b); }
    void join(int a, int b){ int x = root(a), y = root(b); U[x] = y; }
    ~union_find(){ delete [] U; }
};

struct edge{
    int v1, v2, w;
    bool operator < (const edge &e) const{ return w > e.w; }  // const?????????????????????
};

edge init(int ver_1, int ver_2, int weight)
{
	edge e;
	e.v1 = ver_1, e.v2 = ver_2, e.w = weight;
	return e;
}

int main()
{
	int i, j, w, n;
	scanf("%d", &n);

	priority_queue<edge> ES;
	union_find VS(n);

	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
			scanf("%d", &w);
			if(i >= j || w < 0) continue;
			ES.push(init(i, j, w));
		}
	}
	int size = 0, sum = 0;
	edge e;
	while(!ES.empty() && size < n - 1){
		e = ES.top();
		ES.pop();
		if(!VS.same(e.v1, e.v2)){
			VS.join(e.v1, e.v2);
			sum += e.w;
			size++;
		}
	};
	printf("%d\n", sum);

	return 0;
}