Go: package main

import (
	"sort"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// Define disjoint-set forests

type vertexNo int

type vertex struct {
	number vertexNo
	rank int
	parent *vertex
}

func makeSet(number vertexNo) vertex {
	return vertex {
		number: number,
		rank: 0,
		parent: nil,
	}
}

func union(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	return link(findSet(x), findSet(y))
}

func link(x, y *vertex) *vertex {
	if x.rank > y.rank {
		y.parent = x
		return x
	} else {
		x.parent = y
		if x.rank == y.rank {
			y.rank += 1
		}
		return y
	}
}

func findSet(v *vertex) *vertex {
	if v.parent == nil {
		return v
	}
	v.parent = findSet(v.parent)
	return v.parent
}

// Function to calculate minimum spanning tree

type matrix [][]int

type edge struct {
	one vertexNo
	two vertexNo
	weight int
}

const(
	MAX_VERTICES = 100
)

func newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix matrix) []edge {
	edges := make([]edge, 0, MAX_VERTICES * MAX_VERTICES)

	for i := 0; i < len(matrix); i++ {
		row := matrix[i]
		for j := i; j < len(row); j++ {
			if row[j] >= 0 {
				edge := edge{one: vertexNo(i+1), two: vertexNo(j+1), weight: row[j]}
				edges = append(edges, edge)
			}
		}
	}

	return edges
}

func solve(matrix matrix) int {
	nVertices := len(matrix)

	// initialize vertices
	vertices := make([]vertex, nVertices)
	for i := 0; i < nVertices; i++ {
		vertices[i] = makeSet(vertexNo(i+1))
	}

	// prepare edges sorted in the ascending order of weight
	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	unionCount := 0
	weightSum := 0
	for unionCount < nVertices-1 {
		for i := 0; i < len(edges); i++ {
			edge := edges[i]
			v1 := &vertices[edge.one-1]
			v2 := &vertices[edge.two-1]
			rep1 := findSet(v1)
			rep2 := findSet(v2)
			if rep1.number == rep2.number {
				continue
			}
			union(rep1, rep2)
			edges = append(edges[0:i], edges[i+1:]...)
			weightSum += edge.weight
			unionCount++
			break
		}
	}

	return weightSum
}

// main

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	matrix := parseMatrix(n, sc)

	edges := newEdgesFromMatrix(matrix)
	sort.Slice(edges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return edges[i].weight < edges[j].weight
	})

	fmt.Println(solve(matrix))
}

func parseMatrix(n int, sc *bufio.Scanner) [][]int {
	matrix := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, n)
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			x, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			matrix[i][j] = x
		}
	}
	return matrix
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int INF = 1e9 + 7;
const int MAX_V = 100;

int cost[MAX_V][MAX_V];
int mincost[MAX_V];
bool used[MAX_V];
int V;

int prim() {
    for (int i = 0; i < V; ++i) {
        mincost[i] = INF;
        used[i] = false;
    }

    mincost[0] = 0;
    int res = 0;

    while (true) {
        int v = -1;
        for (int u = 0; u < V; u++) {
            if (!used[u] && (v == -1 || mincost[u] < mincost[v])) v = u;
        }

        if (v == -1) break;
        used[v] = true;
        res += mincost[v];

        for (int u = 0; u < V; u++) {
            if (cost[v][u] < mincost[u]) {
                mincost[u] = cost[v][u];
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {
    cin >> V;
    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < V; j++) {
            cin >> cost[i][j];
            if (cost[i][j] == -1) cost[i][j] = INF;
        }
    }
    cout << prim() << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX =100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
    p[i]=-1;
    color[i]=WHITE;
  }
  d[0]=0;
  while(1){
    minv=INFTY;
    u=-1;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(minv>d[i]&&color[i]!=BLACK){
	u=i;
	minv=d[i];
      }
    }
    if(u==-1)break;
    color[u]=BLACK;
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(color[v]!=BLACK&&M[u][v]!=INFTY){
	if(d[v]>M[u][v]){
	  d[v]=M[u][v];
	  p[v]=u;
	  color[v]=GRAY;
	}
      }
    }
  }
  int sum=0;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i]!=-1)sum+=M[i][p[i]];
  }
  return sum;
}

int main(){
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      int e;
      cin>>e;
      M[i][j]=(e==-1)?INFTY:e;
    }
  }
  cout<<prim()<<endl;
  return 0;
  
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define INF (1<<30)
#define MAX_N 100
typedef pair<int, int> P;

struct edge{
    int v[2], cost;
    edge(){}
    edge(int v0, int u0, int cost0){
        v[0] = v0; v[1] = u0; cost = cost0;
    }
    bool operator < (const edge &e) const {
        return cost > e.cost;
    }
};

int ans = 0, N;
vector<edge> E[MAX_N];

void prim(){
    bool seen[N];
    fill(seen, seen + N, false);
    priority_queue<edge> todo;
    seen[0] = true;
    for(int i = 0; i < E[0].size(); i++)
        todo.push(E[0][i]);
    while(!todo.empty()){
        edge e = todo.top(); todo.pop();
        if(seen[e.v[1]]) continue;
        ans += e.cost;
        seen[e.v[1]] = true;
        for(int i = 0; i < E[e.v[1]].size(); i++)
            if(!seen[E[e.v[1]][i].v[1]]) todo.push(E[e.v[1]][i]);
    }
}

int main(){
    cin >> N;
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for(int j = 0; j < N; j++){
            int cost;
            cin >> cost;
            if(i < j && cost != -1){
                E[i].push_back(edge(i, j, cost));
                E[j].push_back(edge(j, i, cost));
            }
        }
    prim();
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <utility>
using namespace std;
//_____
#define pb push_back
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mkp make_pair
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(n); ++i)
#define reps(i,f,n) for(int i=(f); i<=(n); ++i)
#define err(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
#define show(x) cerr << #x << ':' << x << endl
#define outl(x) cout << (x) << '\n'
#define FAST() cin.tie(0), ios::sync_with_stdio(false)
typedef pair<int,int> pii;
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
//_______
vector<pii> G[102];
bool used[102];

int prim()
{
   priority_queue < pii, vector<pii>, greater<pii> > pq;
   pq.push( mkp(0,0) );
   int sum = 0;

   while( !pq.empty() ){
      const pii  tmp = pq.top(); pq.pop();
      if( used[ tmp.se ]++ )continue;
      sum += tmp.fi;

      rep(j, G[tmp.se].size() )
         pq.push( mkp( G[tmp.se][j].fi, G[tmp.se][j].se ) );
   }
   return (sum);
}

signed main()
{
   FAST();
   int N; cin >> N;

   rep(i, N)rep(j, N){
      int v; cin >> v;
      if( v != -1 ) G[i].pb( mkp(v,j) );
   }
   outl( prim() );
}