Go: // AOJ ALDS1_11_D: http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ALDS1_11_D

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"container/list"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

var nocolor = -1

type graph struct {
	graph  [][]int
	colors []int
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

func newGraph(nodeNum int) *graph {
	colors := make([]int, nodeNum)
	g := make([][]int, nodeNum)
	for i := 0; i < nodeNum; i++ {
		g[i] = []int{}
		colors[i] = nocolor
	}

	return &graph{g, colors}
}

func constructGraph(sc *bufio.Scanner) *graph {
	usersNum := nextInt(sc)
	linkNum := nextInt(sc)

	g := newGraph(usersNum)
	for i := 0; i < linkNum; i++ {
		u := nextInt(sc) // node
		l := nextInt(sc) // link node
		// edge each other
		g.graph[u] = append(g.graph[u], l)
		g.graph[l] = append(g.graph[l], u)
	}
	return g
}

func (g *graph) dfs(r, color int) {
	g.colors[r] = color

	stack := list.New()
	stack.PushFront(r)

	for stack.Len() > 0 {
		v := stack.Remove(stack.Front()).(int)
		for _, u := range g.graph[v] {
			if g.colors[u] == nocolor {
				g.colors[u] = color
				stack.PushFront(u)
			}
		}
	}
}

func (g *graph) assignColor() {
	color := 1
	for u := 0; u < len(g.graph); u++ {
		if g.colors[u] == nocolor {
			g.dfs(u, color)
			color++
		}
	}
}

func (g *graph) isLink(s, t int) bool {
	return g.colors[s] == g.colors[t]
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	// construct graph and friendly colors
	g := constructGraph(sc)
	g.assignColor()

	// judge link
	q := nextInt(sc)
	for i := 0; i < q; i++ {
		s := nextInt(sc)
		t := nextInt(sc)

		if g.isLink(s, t) {
			fmt.Println("yes")
		} else {
			fmt.Println("no")
		}
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
#define N 100000
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

vector<int> G[100];
int color[N], num_members;
int cnt[N];

string dfs(int r, int target) {
    stack<int> S;
    S.push(r);
    color[r] = GRAY;

    while(!S.empty()) {
        int u = S.top();
        int v = G[u][cnt[u]];
        if(u==target) {
            return "yes";
        }
        cnt[u]++;

        if(v!=-1) {
            if(color[v]==WHITE) {
                color[v] = GRAY;
                S.push(v);
            }
        }
        else {
            S.pop();
            color[u] = BLACK;
        }
    }

    return "no";
}

int main() {
    int num_relations, from_id, to_id;
    int num_tests, test_from_id, test_to_id;

    cin >> num_members >> num_relations;
    for(int i=0; i<num_relations; i++) {
        cin >> from_id >> to_id;
        G[from_id].push_back(to_id);
    }
    //最後に番兵的な何かを仕込んでおく
    for(int i=0; i<num_members; i++) {
        G[i].push_back(-1);
    }

    cin >> num_tests;
    for(int i=0; i<num_tests; i++) {
        for(int j=0; j<num_members; j++) {
            color[j] = WHITE;
            cnt[j] = 0;
        }
        cin >> test_from_id >> test_to_id;
        cout << dfs(test_from_id, test_to_id) << endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

struct Node {
  vector<int> friends;
  int depth;
};
vector<Node> nodes;


void bfs(int id) {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(id);

  for (auto el : nodes) {
    el.depth = -1;
  }
  nodes[id].depth = 0;

  while (!q.empty()) {
    int u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for (auto fid : nodes[u].friends) {
      if (nodes[fid].depth <= 0) {
        q.push(fid);
        nodes[fid].depth = nodes[u].depth + 1;
      }
    }
  }
}

bool isAccessible(int id){
  return (nodes[id].depth > 0);
}


int main() {
  int nrel, nuser;
  cin >> nuser;
  cin >> nrel;
  nodes.resize(nuser);
  int tmp1, tmp2;
  for (int i = 0; i < nrel; i++) {
    cin >> tmp1 >> tmp2;
    nodes[tmp1].friends.push_back(tmp2);
    nodes[tmp2].friends.push_back(tmp1);
  }

  int q, s, t;
  cin >> q;
  for (int i = 0; i< q; i++) {
    cin >> s >> t;
    bfs(s);
    cout << (isAccessible(t) ? "yes" : "no") << endl;
  }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
const int INF=1<<21;
const int maxn=100+10;
int n,m,q;
int p[maxn];
int rank[maxn];
void init(int n)
{
   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
   {
       p[i]=i;
       rank[i]=0;
   }
}
int fnd(int x)
{
    int y=x;
    if(x==p[x]) return x;
    while(x!=p[x])
    {
        x=p[x];
    }
    return p[y]=x;
}
bool is_same(int x,int y)
{
   return fnd(x)==fnd(y);
}

void uni(int x,int y)
{
   x=fnd(x);
   y=fnd(y);
   if(rank[x]>rank[y])
   {
       p[y]=x;
       rank[y]++;
   }
   else
   {
       p[x]=y;
       rank[x]++;
   }
}

int main()
{
//    freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    int x,y;
    init(n);
    for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
        uni(x,y);
    }
    scanf("%d",&q);
    while(q--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
        if(is_same(x,y)) printf("yes\n");
        else printf("no\n");
    }


    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;
int i, j, v, num, color[100000];
vector<int> list[100000];

void dfs(int r, int c){
 stack<int> S;
 S.push(r);
 color[r] = c;
 while( !S.empty() ){
   int u = S.top(); S.pop();
   for(i=0; i<list[u].size(); i++){
     v = list[u][i];
     if(color[v] == -1){
       color[v] = c;
       S.push(v);
     }
   }
 }
}
 
void assigncolor(){
 int id = 1;
 for(i=0; i<num; i++){
   color[i] = -1;
 }
 for(i=0; i<num; i++){
   if(color[i] == -1)
     dfs(i, id++);
 }
}
 
int main(){
 int a, b, trial, start, goal, kaisuu;
 cin >> num >>kaisuu;
 
 for(i=0; i<kaisuu; i++){
   scanf_s("%d %d", &a, &b);
   list[a].push_back(b);
   list[b].push_back(a);
 }

 assigncolor();

 cin >> trial;

 for(i=1; i<=trial; i++){
   scanf_s("%d %d", &start, &goal);
   if(color[start] == color[goal]){  
     cout << "yes" << endl;
   } else{
     cout << "no" << endl;
   }
 }
 
 return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

struct UnionFindTree {
    size_t n;
    vector<int> tree;
    UnionFindTree(size_t n): n(n) {
        tree = vector<int>(n, -1);
    }
    int find_root(size_t v) {
        if (tree[v] < 0) return v;
        return tree[v] = find_root(tree[v]);
    }
    bool unite(size_t x, size_t y) {
        x = find_root(x);
        y = find_root(y);
        if (x == y) return false;
        if (rank(x) < rank(y)) swap(x, y);
        tree[x] += tree[y];
        tree[y] = x;
        return true;
    }
    bool has_same_root(size_t x, size_t y) {
        return find_root(x) == find_root(y);
    }
    size_t rank(size_t v) {
        return -tree[find_root(v)];
    }
};

int main() {
    size_t n, m;
    scanf("%zu %zu", &n, &m);

    UnionFindTree tree(n);
    for (size_t i=0; i<m; ++i) {
        size_t s, t;
        scanf("%zu %zu", &s, &t);

        tree.unite(s, t);
    }

    size_t q;
    scanf("%zu", &q);

    for (size_t i=0; i<q; ++i) {
        size_t s, t;
        scanf("%zu %zu", &s, &t);

        printf("%s\n", tree.has_same_root(s, t)? "yes":"no");
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int arr[100005];
int find(int index){
	while(1){
		if(arr[index]==-1)
			break;
		else
			index=arr[index];
	}
	return index;
}
int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);cin.tie(0); 
	int n,m,a,b;
	cin >> n >> m;
	for(int i=0;i<=n;i++){
		arr[i]=-1;
	}
	while(m--){
		cin >> a >> b;
		int tmp1=find(a);
		int tmp2=find(b);
		if(tmp1!=tmp2){
			arr[tmp2]=tmp1;
		}
	}
	
	int q;
	cin >> q;
	while(q--){
		cin >> a >> b;
		if(find(a)==find(b)){
			cout << "yes" << endl;
		}
		else{
			cout << "no" << endl;
		}
 	}
	return 0;
}