Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>

struct Node {
	int ID;
	int d;
	bool visited;
	bool operator<(const Node& rhs) {return this->ID < rhs.ID;}
	bool operator>(const Node& rhs) {return this->ID > rhs.ID;}
	bool operator<=(const Node& rhs) {return this->ID <= rhs.ID;}
	bool operator>=(const Node& rhs) {return this->ID >= rhs.ID;}
	bool operator==(const Node& rhs) {return this->ID == rhs.ID;}
	bool operator!=(const Node& rhs) {return this->ID != rhs.ID;}
};

void BFS(std::vector<int>* adjlist, Node* nodes, std::queue<int> que)
{	
	nodes[que.front()].d = 0;
	
	while (!que.empty()) {
		int id = que.front(); que.pop();
		for (std::vector<int>::iterator it = adjlist[id].begin(); it != adjlist[id].end(); ++it) {
			if (!nodes[*it].visited) { 
				que.push(*it);
				nodes[*it].d = nodes[id].d + 1;
				nodes[*it].visited = true;
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	int n; std::cin >> n;
	
	std::vector<int>* adjlist = new std::vector<int>[n];
	Node* nodes = new Node[n];
	
	std::queue<int> que;
	
	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
		nodes[i].visited = false; nodes[i].d = -1;
	}
	
	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
		int x;
		int deg;
		std::cin >> x >> deg;
		nodes[i].ID = x-1;
		for (int j=0; j<deg; j++) {
			int y;
			std::cin >> y;
			adjlist[x-1].push_back(y-1);
		}
	}
	
	std::sort(nodes, nodes + n);
	

	que.push(0); nodes[0].visited = true;
	BFS(adjlist, nodes, que);
	
	
	
	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
		std::cout << nodes[i].ID + 1 << " " << nodes[i].d << std::endl;
	}
	
	delete[] adjlist;
	delete[] nodes;
	
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define INF 9999999

int graph[101][101];
int dis[101]; //距離を格納
bool check[101];//訪問済みチェック
int main(){
  int n;
  cin>>n;
  fill(dis,dis+101,INF);
  dis[1]=0;
  check[1]=true;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    int u,k,v;
    cin>>u>>k;
    for(int j=1;j<=k;j++){
      graph[u][0]=k;
      cin>>graph[u][j];
    }
  }
  queue<int> qu;
  qu.push(1);
  while(!qu.empty()){
    int num=qu.front(); qu.pop();
    for(int j=1;j<=graph[num][0];j++){
      int temp=graph[num][j];
      if(check[temp]){//訪問済みならば
        continue;
      }else{
        check[temp]=true;
      }
      dis[temp]=dis[num]+1;
      qu.push(temp);
    }
  }
  //表示部
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    cout<<i<<" ";
    if(dis[i]>=INF)cout<<-1<<"\n";
    else  cout<<dis[i]<<"\n";
  }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector> 
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

int D[101]; 
int edges[101][101];

void bfs(int src,int n)
{
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	D[src]=0;
	while(!Q.empty())
	{
		int cur=Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for(int dst=1;dst<=n;dst++)
		{
			int flag=0;
			for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
			{
				if(edges[cur][i]==dst)
				{
					flag=1;
					break;
				}
			}
			if(D[dst]==-1&&flag)
			{
				D[dst]=D[cur]+1;
				Q.push(dst);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		int u,k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
		   cin >> edges[u][j];
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	   D[i]=-1;
	bfs(1,n);
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	   cout << i << ' ' << D[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdint>

using namespace std;

enum COLOR {
  WHITE,
  GRAY,
  BLACK,
};

static const int INFTY = INT_MAX;
static const int N = 100;

static int M[N][N] = {};
static vector<COLOR> color(N, WHITE);
static vector<int> d(N, INFTY);

static void bfs(int n, int s) {
  color[s] = GRAY;
  d[s] = 0;

  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(s);

  while (!Q.empty()) {
    int u = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (M[u][v] && color[v] == WHITE) {
          color[v] = GRAY;
          d[v] = d[u] + 1;
          Q.push(v);
      }
      color[u] = BLACK;
    }
  }
}

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;

  int number, count, value;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> number >> count;
    number--;
    for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
     cin >> value;
     value--;
     M[number][value] = 1; 
    }
  }
  
  bfs(n, 0);
  
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? -1 : d[i]) << endl; 
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define INF 100000000
int n;
int Graph[100][100] = {};

int color[100] = {}, d[100];

void bfs(int x){
  int u;
  queue<int> Q; //queueを生成
  Q.push(x); //始点をキューに積む
  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    d[i] = INF;
  }

  d[x] = 0; //始点を0にする
  
  while(!Q.empty()){
    u = Q.front(); //取り出して削除
    Q.pop();
    for(int v = 0 ; v < n ; v++){
      if(Graph[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if(d[v] != INF) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      Q.push(v); //次点を積む
    }
  }

  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    cout << i + 1 << " ";
    if(d[i] == INF){
      cout << -1 <<endl;
    }else{
      cout << d[i] << endl;
    }
  }
}


int main(){
  int u, k, v; //u = 頂点番号 k = 出次数 v = u に隣接する頂点番号

  cin >> n;
     
  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    cin >> u >> k; 
    u--;
    for(int j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      cin >> v; 
      v--;
      Graph[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);
     
  return 0;
}