Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 100000

static const int N =100;
static const int INFTY =(1<<21);

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=INFTY;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==1){
        d[v]=d[u]+1;
        q.push(v);
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i]==INFTY)? (-1):d[i])<< endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
//#define int long long
//#define _DEBUG
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int N, T[107][107], D[107]; //T[i][j]:i->T[i][j]の辺
int const infty = -1, none = -9;
queue<int> Q;
void solve(){
    Q.push(0);
    D[0] = 0;
    while(true){
#ifdef _DEBUG
        cout << "Q1 ";
        int length = Q.size();
        for(int k=0; k<length; k++){
            int qf = Q.front(); Q.pop();
            cout << qf << " ";
            Q.push(qf);
        }cout << endl; 
#endif
        int top = Q.front(); Q.pop();
#ifdef _DEBUG
        cout << "top " << top << endl << "Q2 ";
        length = Q.size();
        for(int k=0; k<length; k++){
            int qf = Q.front(); Q.pop();
            cout << qf << " ";
            Q.push(qf);
        }cout << endl; 
#endif
        for(int j=0; j<N; j++){
#ifdef _DEBUG
            cout << j << ", " << T[top][j] << endl;
            cout << "top " << top << endl << "Q3 ";
            length = Q.size();
            for(int k=0; k<length; k++){
                int qf = Q.front(); Q.pop();
                cout << qf << " ";
                Q.push(qf);
            }cout << endl; 
#endif
            if(T[top][j] == none)break;
            if(D[ T[top][j] ] != infty)continue;
            Q.push( T[top][j] );
            D[ T[top][j] ] = D[top]+1;
        }
#ifdef _DEBUG
        cout << "D " ;
        for(int k=0; k<N; k++) cout <<D[k]<<" ";
        cout << endl;
#endif
        if(Q.empty()) break;
    }
}
void get(){
    cin >> N;
    for(int i=0; i<N; i++){
        D[i] = infty;
        for(int j=0; j<N; j++){
            T[i][j] = none;
        }
    }
    for(int i=0; i<N; i++){
        int i_, k;
        cin >> i_ >> k;
        for(int j=0; j<k; j++){
            int vj;
            cin >> vj;
            T[i][j] = vj-1;
        }
    }
}

signed main(){
    get();
    
#ifdef _DEBUG
    for(int k=0; k<N; k++) cout << D[k] << " ";
    cout << endl;
    for(int k=0; k<N; k++){
        for(int l=0; l<N; l++){
            if(T[k][l] == none)break;
            cout << T[k][l] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
#endif
    solve();
    for(int i=0; i<N; i++){
        cout << i+1 << " " << D[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int D[100100];//始点からの距離を入れる

int g[1001][1001]={{0}};//要素を0で初期化
void bfs(int src,int n){//srcは開始位置この場合だと頂点1だから0
  // cerr << "bfs_root = " << src << endl;
  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(src);
  D[src] = 0;
  while (! Q.empty()  ){
    int cur = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    // cerr << "visiting_" << cur << " " <<D[cur] <<endl;
    for(int dst= 0; dst < n; dst++){
      if(g[cur][dst]==1 && D[dst]==0){
        D[dst]=D[cur]+1;
        Q.push(dst);
      }
    }
  }
}
void ans(int n){
  cout << 1 <<" "<< 0 <<enl;
  for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
  {
    if(D[i]==0){
      cout << i+1 << " "<< -1 <<endl;
    }else{
      cout << i+1 <<" "<< D[i]<<endl;
    }
  }

}

int main(){
  // int g[1001][1001]={{0}};//要素を0で初期化
  int n,a,b,c;
  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
  {
    cin >> a >> b ;
    for (int i = 0; i < b; ++i)
    {
      cin >> c;
      g[a-1][c-1]=1;/* code */
    }
  }
  bfs(0,n);
  ans(n);
  // for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
  // {
  //    for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
  //    {
  //     if (j==n-1)
  //     {
  //       cout << g[i][j] << endl;
  //     }else{
  //       cout << g[i][j] <<" ";
  //     }
  //    }
  // }


}

C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cctype>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> edges(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            edges[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<int> ds(n, -1);
    ds[0] = 0;
    queue<pair<int, int>> q;
    q.push(make_pair(0, 0));
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int u = q.front().first;
        int d = q.front().second;
        q.pop();
        if (ds[u] > 0) {
            continue;
        }
        ds[u] = d;
        for (auto v : edges[u]) {
            q.push(make_pair(v, d + 1));
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ds[i] << endl;
    }
}