Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int n;

int V[100][100];
int D[100];
int d = 0;

std::queue<int> Q;

void bfs(int r) {
    Q.push(r);
    D[r] = 0;
    while (Q.size()) {
        r = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if ((D[i] == -1) && (V[r][i] == 1)) {
                Q.push(i);
                D[i] = D[r] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
}


int main() {
    std::cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int id, e_num;
        std::cin >> id >> e_num;
        for (int j = 0; j < e_num; j++) {
            int t;
            std::cin >> t;
            V[id - 1][t - 1] = 1;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        D[i] = -1;
    }

    bfs(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        std::cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << std::endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i]== INFTY)?(-1):d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

#define MAX 100
#define INF -1

int n;
int G[MAX][MAX];
int dist[MAX];

void bfs(){
  bool used[MAX];
  fill(dist,dist+n,INF);
  fill(used,used+n,false);
  dist[0] = 0;
  used[0] = true;

  queue<int> Q;
  Q.push(0);

  while(!Q.empty()){
    int v = Q.front(); Q.pop();

    for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
      if(!used[i] && G[v][i]){
	used[i] = true;
	dist[i] = dist[v] + 1;
	Q.push(i);
      }
    }
  }
}

int main(){
  cin >> n;

  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    int u,k,v;
    cin >> u >> k;
    for(int j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      cin >> v;
      G[u-1][v-1] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs();

  for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++)
#define For(i,n1,n2) for(int i=(int)(n1);i<(int)(n2);i++)
#define REP(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(n);i++)
#define RREP(i,n) for(ll i=((ll)(n)-1);i>=0;i--)
#define FOR(i,n1,n2) for(ll i=(ll)(n1);i<(ll)(n2);i++)
#define RFOR(i,n1,n2) for(ll i=((ll)(n1)-1);i>=(ll)(n2);i--)
#define all(a)  (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define IOS std::cin.tie(0),std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false)

namespace idaten {

	using namespace std;
	using ll = int_fast64_t;
	using ull = uint_fast64_t;
	using P = std::pair<int64_t, int64_t>;
	template<typename T1, typename T2> inline bool chmin(T1& a, T2 b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; }return 0; }
	template<typename T1, typename T2> inline bool chmax(T1& a, T2 b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; }return 0; }
	template<class Type>struct is_vector : std::false_type {};
	template<class ValueType, class Alloc>struct is_vector<std::vector<ValueType, Alloc>> : std::true_type {};
	template <typename T> inline std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const std::vector<T>& v) {
		if (v.empty())return out;
		constexpr bool is_vector_v = is_vector<T>::value;
		if (is_vector_v)for (auto itr = v.begin(); itr != v.end();)out << (*itr), out << ((++itr != v.end()) ? "\n" : "");
		else for (auto itr = v.begin(); itr != v.end();)out << (*itr), out << ((++itr != v.end()) ? " " : "");
		return out;
	}
	inline void put() {}
	template<class T> inline void put(const T& first) { std::cout << first << "\n"; }
	template<class T, class... N> inline void put(const T& first, const N& ... rest) { std::cout << first << " "; put(rest...); }
	inline void putn() {}
	template<class T, class... N> inline void putn(const T& first, const N& ... rest) { std::cout << first << "\n"; putn(rest...); }

	void solve() {
		IOS;
		int n;
		cin >> n;
		vector<vector<int>> path(n);
		REP(i, n) {
			int u, k;
			cin >> u >> k;
			u--;
			REP(j, k) {
				int v;
				cin >> v;
				v--;
				path[u].push_back(v);
			}
		}
		queue<int> q;
		vector<int> d(n, -1);
		int s = 0;
		d[s] = 0;
		q.push(s);
		while (!q.empty()) {
			int p = q.front();
			q.pop();
			REP(i, path[p].size()) {
				int t = path[p][i];
				if (d[t] < 0) {
					d[t] = d[p] + 1;
					q.push(t);
				}
			}
		}
		REP(i, n) {
			put(i + 1, d[i]);
		}

	}
} // namespace idaten

int main() {
	idaten::solve();
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 1e9;

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;

  vector<vector<int> > G(n, vector<int>(n, 0));
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    int u, k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for ( int i = 0; i < k; i++ ) {
      int v;
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      G[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  queue<int> q;
  vector<int> d(n, -1);
  d[0] = 0;
  q.push(0);
  while ( !q.empty() ) {
    int p = q.front(); q.pop();
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
      if ( G[p][i] && d[i] == -1 ) {
	q.push(i);
	d[i] = d[p]+1;
      }
    }
  }

  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }
  
  return 0;
}