Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef pair<double, double> pdd;
typedef vector<vector<ll>> Graph;

const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;
//const ll mod = 998244353;

#define REP(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)n;i++)
#define dump(x)  cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;
#define spa << " " <<
#define fi first
#define se second

template<class T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (a>b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }

template<class S, class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const pair<S, T> v){
os << "(" << v.first << ", " << v.second << ")"; return os;
}
template<class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const vector<T> v){
for(int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++){if(i > 0){os << " ";} os << v[i];} return os;
}
template<class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const vector<vector<T>> v){
for(int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++){if(i > 0){os << endl;} os << v[i];} return os;
}

template<typename T> void debug(vector<vector<T>>&v,ll h,ll w){for(ll i=0;i<h;i++)
{cerr<<v[i][0];for(ll j=1;j<w;j++)cerr spa v[i][j];cerr<<endl;}};
template<typename T> void debug(vector<T>&v,ll n){if(n!=0)cerr<<v[0];
for(ll i=1;i<n;i++)cerr spa v[i];
cerr<<endl;};

string num2bit(ll num, ll len){
    string bit = "";
    REP(i, len){
    bit += char('0'+(num>>i & 1));
    }
    return bit;
}

vector<int> graph_bfs(Graph &G, vector<ll> &s){
    const int N = G.size();
    vector<int> dist(N, -1);
    queue<int> qu;

    // initialization
    for(auto v: s){
        qu.push(v);
        dist[v] = 0;
    }

    while(!qu.empty()){
        int now = qu.front();qu.pop();
        for(auto next: G[now]){
            if(dist[next] != -1) continue;
            dist[next] = dist[now] + 1;
            qu.push(next);
        }
    }

    return dist;
}

int main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    ll n;
    cin >> n;
    Graph G(n);
    REP(i, n){
        ll u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        REP(j, k){
            ll v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<ll> s = {0};

    auto dist = graph_bfs(G, s);

    REP(i, n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

#define REP(var, count) for(int var=0; var<count; var++)

int main(void) {
	int N;
	cin >> N;
	
	vector<int> rin[105];
	int ans[105];
	
	REP(i, N) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		
		REP(j, k) {
			int c;
			cin >> c;
			
			rin[u].push_back(c);
		}
		
		ans[i] = -1;
	}
	ans[N] = -1;
	
	ans[1] = 0;
	queue<int> que;
	que.push(1);
	
	while(que.size()) {
		int s = que.front();
		que.pop();
		
		//cerr << "checking " << s << endl;
		
		REP(j, rin[s].size() ) {
			//cerr << "edge to " << rin[s][j] << endl;
			if ( ans[rin[s][j]] == -1 ) {
				ans[rin[s][j]] = ans[s] + 1;
				que.push(rin[s][j]);
			}
		}
	}
	
	for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) {
		cout << i << " " << ans[i] << endl;
	}
}