Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

int main(){
  int n;
  cin>>n;
  int a[110][110] = {};
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    int u,k;
    cin>>u>>k;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      int v;
      cin>>v;
      a[i][v]=1;
    }
  }

  int d[110];
  for (int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    d[i]=-1;
  }
  queue<int> q;
  d[1]=0;
  q.push(1);
  while(! q.empty()){
    int cur =q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
      if(a[cur][i]==1 && d[i]==-1){
	d[i]=d[cur]+1;
	q.push(i);
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    cout<<i<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;
  }
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#define N 110
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
//stack<int> s;
int n;
int m[N][N];
int used[N];
int d[N];
void bfs(int root){
    queue<int>q;
    while(!q.empty()) q.pop();
    q.push(root);
    d[root] = 0;
    while(!q.empty()){
        int u = q.front();
        used[u] = 1;
        q.pop();
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            if(used[i] == 0 && m[u][i]){
                q.push(i);
                d[i] = d[u] + 1;
                used[i] = 1;
            }
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) for(int j = 0; j < N; j++) m[i][j] = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) used[i] = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) d[i] = INF;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int p = 0; p < n; p++){
        int node, k;
        scanf("%d %d", &node, &k);
        for(int i = 0; i < k; i++){
            int b;
            scanf("%d", &b);
            m[node][b] = 1;
        }
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if(used[i] == 0) bfs(i);
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

char s[13][1];
int D[106][106];
int A[106],f[106],w,h,n,sx,sy,gx,gy,e,g[106];
int   kensa(int ,int);
int main(){
	queue<int> P;
	int i,j,a,b,c,d;
	for(i=1;i<=100;i++){
		for(j=1;j<=100;j++){
			D[i][j]=-1;		
		}					
	}						
	for(i=1;i<=100;i++){		
		A[i]=0;				
		f[i]=-1;
		g[i]=0;
	}							
	scanf("%d" ,&a);//     a=4
	for(i=1;i<=a;i++){
        scanf("%d",&b);		//
		scanf("%d",&b);			//b=2					//
		for(j=1;j<=b;j++){		//
		scanf("%d",&c);			//					//
		D[i][c]=1;
//
		}						//D[???][???]
	}				
	for(i=1;i<=a;i++){
		for(j=1;j<=a;j++){
	//		printf("%d %d %d\n",i,j,D[i][j]);
		}	
	}//
	P.push(1);
	//P???1
	f[1]=0;
	while(!P.empty()){			//
		d=P.front();
		//
		A[d]=1;
		//
		P.pop();				//
		for(i=1;i<=a;i++){
			//printf("%d %d %d\n",d,i,D[d][i]);//
			if(D[d][i]==-1){		//
			continue;			//
			}					//
			if(A[i]==1){		//
			continue;			//
			}					//
			P.push(i);			//
			
			g[i]=g[d]+1;
			f[i]=g[d]+1;
			A[i]=1;
			//printf("%d\n",P.back());
		}	
	}							//
	for(i=1;i<=a;i++){			//
	printf("%d %d\n",i, f[i]);	//
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = INFTY;
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while ( !q.empty() ) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for ( int v = 0; v < n; v++ ) {
      if ( M[u][v] == 0 ) continue;
      if ( d[v] != INFTY ) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ( ( d[i] == INFTY ) ? ( -1 ) : d[i] ) << endl;
  }
}

int main() {
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    for ( int j = 0; j < n; j++ ) M[i][j] = 0;
  }

  for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for ( int j = 0; j < k; j++ ) {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define MAX 100
int n;
int M[MAX][MAX];
int dist[MAX];

void bfs(int);

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  int i,j;
  cin >> n;
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    cin >> u;
    cin >> k;
    u--;
    for( i = 0; i < n; i++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  int u,v;
  int i;
  q.push(s);
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    dist[i] = INFINITY;
  }
  dist[s] = 0;
  while( !q.empty() ){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
    //for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
      for(v = 0; v < n; v++){
        if(M[u][v] == 0){
          continue;
        }
        if( dist[v] != INFINITY){
          continue;
        }
        dist[v] = dist[u] + 1;
        q.push(v);
      }
  }
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ( (dist[i] == INFINITY) ? (-1) : dist[i] ) << endl;
    //if( d[i] == INFINITY)
  }
}