Go: // ダイクストラのアルゴリズム
package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type color int

const (
	white color = iota // 未訪問
	mst                // MSTとして確定
)

// 頂点
type node struct {
	num       int         // 頂点の番号
	weights   map[int]int // 重みMAP
	parent    *node       // MSTへの重み最小の親
	distFromS int         // 始点からの距離
	color     color
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)

	nodes := make([]*node, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		weights := eAtoi((strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner))))
		v := &node{weights[0], make(map[int]int, weights[1]), nil, math.MaxInt32, white}
		for j := 0; j < weights[1]; j++ {
			k := weights[j*2+2] // 相手の頂点名
			w := weights[j*2+3] // 重み
			v.weights[k] = w
		}
		nodes[i] = v
	}

	// 初回はnode[0]がMSTに入るように
	nodes[0].distFromS = 0

	for { // 全部チェックするまで

		// どの頂点を新たにMSTに取り込むか

		var minNode *node
		min := math.MaxInt32
		for _, v := range nodes {
			if v.color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if v.distFromS < min {
				min = v.distFromS
				minNode = v
			}
		}
		if minNode == nil {
			// すべて完了している.
			break
		}

		// MSTに追加する頂点決定
		minNode.color = mst

		// fmt.Printf(">[%v]\n", minNode)
		// MSTに属していない頂点それぞれについて,Startからの最小の重みの距離を更新
		for i, v := range nodes {
			if v.color == mst {
				continue
			}
			w, ok := minNode.weights[i]
			if !ok {
				// minNodeと接してない
				continue
			}

			if minNode.distFromS+w < v.distFromS {
				// minNode経由の距離がもっとも重みが少ないので親を変更
				v.distFromS = minNode.distFromS + w
				v.parent = minNode
				// fmt.Printf("[%v %v]\n", v, minNode)
			}
		}
		// fmt.Printf("<\n")
	}

	for i, v := range nodes {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, v.distFromS)
	}
}

func eGetInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	t := eAtoi(strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner)))
	return t[0]
}

func eGetline(p *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if !p.Scan() {
		if err := p.Err(); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
		return ""
	}
	return p.Text()
}

func eAtoi(s []string) []int {
	ints := make([]int, len(s))
	var err error
	for i, e := range s {
		ints[i], err = strconv.Atoi(e)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
	}
	return ints
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

class Vertice;
class Edge;

class Vertice{
private:
	int id;
	int edge_num;
	int *vertice_id_list;
	Edge **edges;
	bool flag_fixed;
	int distance_min;
public:
	Vertice(int id, int edge_num_max);
	~Vertice(){ delete[] edges, vertice_id_list; }
	int getDistanceMin() const { return distance_min; }
	void addEdge(int vertice_id, Edge *edge);
	void addVertices(Vertice *vertices[]);
	void setDistance(int d);
	void serveDistance();
	void setFlagFixed(){ flag_fixed = true; }
};

class Edge{
private:
	int distance;
	Vertice *vertice;
public:
	Edge(int distance){ this->distance = distance; }
	void addVertice(Vertice *vertice){ this->vertice = vertice; }
	void setDistance(int distance){ vertice->setDistance(distance + this->distance); }
};

struct verticeComp {
	bool operator()(const Vertice *v1, const Vertice *v2)
	{
		return v1->getDistanceMin() > v2->getDistanceMin();
	}
};

priority_queue<Vertice*, vector<Vertice*>, verticeComp > PQ; 

Vertice::Vertice(int id, int edge_num_max)
{
	this->id = id;
	edge_num = 0;
	vertice_id_list = new int[edge_num_max];
	edges = new Edge*[edge_num_max];
	flag_fixed = false;
	distance_min = 1000000;
}

void Vertice::addEdge(int vertice_id, Edge *edge)
{
	edges[edge_num] = edge;
	vertice_id_list[edge_num] = vertice_id;
	edge_num++;
}

void Vertice::addVertices(Vertice *vertices[])
{
	for (int i = 0; i < edge_num; i++) {
		edges[i]->addVertice(vertices[vertice_id_list[i]]);
	}
}

void Vertice::setDistance(int d)
{
	if (flag_fixed) return;
	if (d < distance_min) distance_min = d;
	PQ.push(this);
}

void Vertice::serveDistance()
{
	if (PQ.empty()) return;
	for (int i = 0; i < edge_num; i++) {
		edges[i]->setDistance(distance_min);
	}
	Vertice *fixed_vertice = PQ.top();
	PQ.pop();
	fixed_vertice->setFlagFixed();
	fixed_vertice->serveDistance();
}

int main(void)
{
	Vertice **vertices;

	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vertices = new Vertice*[n];
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		vertices[u] = new Vertice(u, k);
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int v, c;
			cin >> v >> c;
			vertices[u]->addEdge(v, new Edge(c));
		}
	}
	
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		vertices[i]->addVertices(vertices);
	}

	vertices[0]->setDistance(0);
	vertices[0]->serveDistance();

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i << " ";
		cout << vertices[i]->getDistanceMin() << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;


int n, M[MAX][MAX];

void dijkstra() {
    int minv;
    int d[MAX], color[MAX];

    for( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        d[i] = INFTY;
        color[i] = WHITE;
    }

    d[0] = 0;
    color[0] = GRAY;

    while(1) {
        minv = INFTY;
        int u = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (minv  > d[i] && color[i] != BLACK) {
                u = i;
                minv = d[i];
            }
        }
        if (u == -1 ) {
            break;
        }
        color[u] = BLACK;
        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if (d[v] > d[u] +M[u][v]) {
                d[v] = d[u] + M[u][v];
                color[v] = GRAY;
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i << " " << ( d[i] == INFTY ? -1 : d[i] ) << endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = INFTY;
        }
    }

    int k, c, u, v;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> v >> c;
            M[u][v] = c;
        }
    }

    dijkstra();
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;

int n, M[MAX][MAX];
int d[MAX];

void dijkstra(int s) {
    int p[n];
    int color[n];
    
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        color[i] = WHITE;
        d[i] = INFTY;
        p[i] = -1;
    }
    
    d[s] = 0;
    
    while(1) {
        int u;
        int mincost = INFTY;
        for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
            if (color[i] != BLACK && d[i] < mincost) {
                mincost = d[i];
                u = i;
            }
        }
        
        if (mincost == INFTY) break;
        
        color[u] = BLACK;
        
        for (int v=0; v<=n; v++) {
            if (color[v] != BLACK && M[u][v] != INFTY) {
                if(d[u] + M[u][v] < d[v]) {
                    d[v] = d[u] + M[u][v];
                    p[v] = u;
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<n; j++) {
            int tmp;
            scanf("%d", &tmp);
            M[i][j] = (tmp == -1) ? INFTY : tmp;
        }
    }
    
    dijkstra(0);
    
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
    }
    
    return 0;
}