Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define Rep(i,n) for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
#define sz(x) int(x.size())
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define rall(v) v.rbegin(), v.rend()
#define YesorNo(a) printf(a ? "Yes\n" : "No\n")
#define endl '\n'
#define fi first
#define se second
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int,int>;
using Pl = pair<ll,ll>;
template<class T> using V = vector<T>;
const int dx[] = {0,1,0,-1,1,1,-1,-1};
const int dy[] = {1,0,-1,0,1,-1,-1,1};
const int inf = (1<<30)-1;
const ll infll = (1LL<<62)-1;
ll ceil(const ll &a, const ll &b){return ((a)+(b)-1)/b;}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }



int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    V<V<int>> g(n);
    rep(i,n) {
        int a;
        cin >> a;
        a--;
        int k;
        cin >> k;
        rep(j,k) {
            int b;
            cin >> b;
            b--;
            g[a].push_back(b);
        }
    }

    V<int> d(n,-1);
    d[0] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    while(sz(q)) {
        int v = q.front(); q.pop();
        for(int nv : g[v]) {
            if(d[nv] != -1) continue;
            d[nv] = d[v] + 1;
            q.push(nv);
        }
    }

    rep(i,n) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void BFS(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)d[i]=INFTY;
    d[s]=0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
      u=q.front();
      q.pop();
      for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	if(M[u][v]==0)continue;
	if(d[v]!=INFTY)continue;
	d[v]=d[u]+1;
	q.push(v);
      }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      cout << i+1 << " " <<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
  int u,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++)M[i][j]=0;
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  BFS(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>

#define N 100
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

using namespace std;

int n;
int M[N][N]; // ??£??\??????
int d[N]; // ???????????¢


void bfs()
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        d[i] = -1;
    }
    
    int u;
    u = 0;
    d[u] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(u);
    
    while (!q.empty()) {
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (M[u][i] == 0) continue;
            q.push(i);
            if (d[i] == -1) {
                d[i] = d[u] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
}


int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    // input graph
    int u, k, v;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
        for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &v);
            M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    bfs();
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    d[i] = INFTY;
  }
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while (!q.empty()) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (M[u][v] == 0) {
        continue;
      }
      if (d[v] != INFTY) {
        continue;
      }
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main()
{
  int u, k, v;

  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define N 1000
bool M[N][N];

int main(){
    int n,u,k,v;
    queue<int> Q;
 
    cin >> n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	cin >> u >> k;
	u--;
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
	    cin >> v;
	    v--;
	    M[u][v]=true;
	}
    }
   
    int d[N]={0};
    Q.push(0);
    while(!Q.empty()){
	u=Q.front();
	Q.pop();
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	    if(M[u][i] && d[i]==0){
		d[i]=d[u]+1;
		Q.push(i);
	    }
	}
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	if(i!=0 && d[i]==0) d[i]=-1;
	printf("%d %d\n",i+1,d[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}