Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	white int = iota
	gray
	black
)
const INFTY int = 2001

var G [][]int
var color []int
var d []int
var p []int
var N int

func prim() int {
	u := 0
	d[u] = 0
	for {
		minCost := INFTY
		for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
			if color[i] != black && d[i] < minCost {
				minCost = d[i]
				u = i
			}
		}

		if minCost == INFTY {
			break
		}

		color[u] = black

		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if color[v] != black && G[u][v] != -1 {
				if G[u][v] < d[v] {
					d[v] = G[u][v]
					p[v] = u
					color[v] = gray
				}
			}
		}
	}
	// sum
	sum := 0
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		if p[i] != -1 {
			sum += G[i][p[i]]
		}
	}
	return sum
}




func initVariable(N int) {
	G = make([][]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		G[i] = make([]int, N)
	}
	color = make([]int, N)
	d = make([]int, N)
	p = make([]int, N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
		p[i] = -1
	}
}

func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	initVariable(N)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		for j:=0; j<N; j++ {
			G[i][j] = nextInt(scanner)
		}
	}
	fmt.Printf("%d\n", prim())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 1 << 30;

struct Vertex {
	int id;
	int w;
	vector<Vertex> vtxs;
};

int prim(int n, Vertex vtxs[]){
	
	int d[n];
	bool vst[n];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		d[i] = INF;
		vst[i] = false;
	}
	
	d[0]=0;
	while(true) {
		int minv = INF;
		int u = -1;
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
			if(vst[i]) continue;
			if(minv > d[i]){
				minv = d[i];
				u = i;
			}
		}
		if(u==-1) break;
		vst[u]=true;
		vector<Vertex> vec=vtxs[u].vtxs;
		for(int v=0;v<vec.size();v++){
			Vertex vtx=vec[v];
			int id=vtx.id;
			if(vst[id]) continue;
			d[id]=min(d[id],vtx.w);
		}
	}
	int cost=0;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		cost+=d[i];
	}
	return cost;
}

int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	Vertex vtxs[n];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
			int w;
			cin >> w;
			if(w==-1) continue;
			Vertex v;
			v.id = j;
			v.w = w;
			vtxs[i].vtxs.push_back(v);
		}
	}
	int cost = prim(n,vtxs);
	cout << cost << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
static const int MAX =100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);
static const int WHITE=0;
static const int GRAY=1;
static const int BLACK=2;

int n,M[MAX][MAX];

int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INFTY;
    p[i]=-1;
    color[i]=WHITE;
  }

  d[0]=0;
  while(1){
  minv=INFTY;
  u=-1;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(minv>d[i]&&color[i]!=BLACK){
      u=i;minv=d[i];
    }
  }
  if(u==-1)break;
  color[u]=BLACK;
  for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
    if(color[v]!=BLACK && M[u][v]!=INFTY){
      if(d[v]>M[u][v]){
        d[v]=M[u][v];
        p[v]=u;
        color[v]=GRAY;
      }
    }
  }
}
int sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){

    if(p[i]!=-1)sum+=M[i][p[i]];
  

}
return sum;
}
int main(){
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      int e;cin>>e;
      M[i][j]=(e==-1)? INFTY : e;
    }
  }
  cout << prim()<<endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAX=100;
const int INF=(1<<21);
const int W=0;
const int G=1;
const int B=2;
int n,m[MAX][MAX];
int prim(){
  int u,minv;
  int d[MAX],p[MAX],color[MAX];
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    d[i]=INF;
    p[i]=-1;
    color[i]=W;
  }
  d[0]=0;
  while(1){
    minv=INF;
    u=-1;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
      if(minv>d[i] && color[i]!=B){
	u=i;
	minv=d[i];
      }
    }
    if(u==-1) break;
    color[u]=B;
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(color[v]!=B && m[u][v]!=INF){
	if(d[v]>m[u][v]){
	  d[v]=m[u][v];
	  p[v]=u;
	  color[v]=G;
	}
      }
    }
  }
  int sum=0;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(p[i]!=-1) sum+=m[i][p[i]];
  }
  return sum;
}

int main(){
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
      int e;
      scanf("%d",&e);
      m[i][j]=(e==-1)?INF:e;
    }
  }
  printf("%d\n",prim());
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define INF 10000000

int main(){
  long n;
  long G[100][100],d[100];
  long minc,mi,i;
  bool flg[100];
  long sum=0;
  
  cin >> n;
  for (i=0;i<n;i++){
    for (int j=0;j<n;j++){
      cin >> G[i][j];
      if (G[i][j]==-1) G[i][j]=INF;
    }
    d[i]=INF;
    flg[i]=false;
  }

  d[0]=0;
  while (true){
    minc=INF;
    for (i=0;i<n;i++){
      if (!flg[i]&&d[i]<minc){
	minc=d[i];
	mi=i;
      }
    }
    if (minc==INF) break;
    flg[mi]=true;
    for (i=0;i<n;i++){
      if (G[mi][i]==INF)continue;
      if (!flg[i]&&d[i]>G[mi][i]){
	d[i]=G[mi][i];
	//cout << d[i];
      }
    }
  }
  
  for (i=0;i<n;i++){
    sum+=d[i];
  }
  cout << sum<<endl;
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
const int num = 10000;
const int INF = 2000000000;
int c[num];
int pe[num];
int d[num];
typedef pair<int, int> p;
vector <p> v[num];
int main() {
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	fill(pe, pe + n, INF);
	fill(c, c + n, 0);
	fill(d, d + n, INF);
	d[0] = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			int w; cin >> w;
			if (w != -1) v[i].push_back(p(w, j));
		}
	}
	priority_queue <p, vector<p>, greater<p> > q;
	for (int i = 0; i < v[0].size(); i++) {
		q.push(p(v[0][i].first, v[0][i].second));
		d[v[0][i].second] = v[0][i].first;
		pe[v[0][i].second] = 0;
	}
	c[0] = 1;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		int f = q.top().first;
		int s = q.top().second;
		q.pop();
		c[s] = 1;
		if (d[s] < f) continue;
		for (int i = 0; i < v[s].size(); i++) {
			int fi = v[s][i].first;
			int se = v[s][i].second;
			if (c[se]) continue;
			if (pe[se] == INF || d[se] > fi) {
				d[se] = fi;
				pe[se] = s;
				q.push(p(fi, se));
			}
		}
	}
	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += d[i];
	cout << sum << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define rrep(i, n) for (int i = 1; i < (n + 1); ++i)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int INF = +100100100;
// typedef pair<int,int> P;
const int  WHITE = 0;
const int GRAY =1;
const int BLACK =2;
const int NIL = -1;
const int MAX = 100;

// 配列のサイズを大きく取りすぎるとエラーが出ないが、実行できなくなる.
vector<vector<int>> M(MAX,vector<int>(MAX,INF));
vector<int> color(MAX,WHITE), P(MAX,NIL),D(MAX,INF);
int n;


int prim(){
    int s = 0;
    int u;
    D[0]=0;
    while(1){
        int d_min = INF;
        // 線の内、始点を選ぶ
        rep(i,n){
            if(color[i]!=BLACK && D[i]<d_min){
                d_min = D[i];
                u=i;
            }
        }
        
        if(d_min==INF)break;
        color[u]=BLACK;
        // 終点を選ぶかつ、選び終えたら、Dへ最小値を保存
        rep(v,n){
            if(M[u][v]!=INF && color[v]!=BLACK){
                if(M[u][v]<D[v]){
                    D[v]=M[u][v];
                    P[v]=u;
                    color[v]=GRAY;
                    
                }
            }
        }        
    }
    int sum=0;
    rep(i,n){
        if(P[i]!=NIL)sum+=M[i][P[i]];
    }
    return sum;
}

int main(){
    cin >> n; 
    rep(i,n){
        
        rep(j,n){
          int x;
          cin >> x;
          if(x==-1)x=INF;
          M[i][j]=x;  
          
        }
    }
    printf("%d\n",prim());
    return 0;
}