Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"math"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type color int

const (
	white color = iota // 未訪問
	mst                // MSTとして確定
)

// 頂点
type node struct {
	matrix   []int // 隣接行列
	minToMst int   // MSTへの重み最小値
	parent   int   // 最小値の相手
	color    color
}

func main() {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)

	nodes := make([]node, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		nodes[i].matrix = eAtoi((strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner))))
		nodes[i].parent = -1
		nodes[i].minToMst = math.MaxInt16
		nodes[i].color = white
	}

	// 初回はnode[0]がMSTに入るように,minToMstを設定
	nodes[0].minToMst = 0
	for { // 全部チェックするまで

		// どの頂点を新たにMSTに取り込むか
		min := math.MaxInt16
		u := -1
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if nodes[i].color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].minToMst < min {
				u = i
				min = nodes[i].minToMst
			}
		}

		if u == -1 {
			break
		}
		// MSTに追加する頂点決定
		nodes[u].color = mst

		// MSTに属していない頂点それぞれについて,MSTとの最小の重みを更新
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			if nodes[i].color == mst {
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].matrix[u] == -1 {
				// 接してない
				continue
			}
			if nodes[i].matrix[u] < nodes[i].minToMst {
				// node[u]との重みが最小
				nodes[i].minToMst = nodes[i].matrix[u]
				nodes[i].parent = u
			}
		}
	}

	sum := 0
	for _, v := range nodes {
		// node[0]はparentが入っていない
		if v.parent != -1 {
			sum += v.matrix[v.parent]
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}

func eGetInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	t := eAtoi(strings.Fields(eGetline(scanner)))
	return t[0]
}

func eGetline(p *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if !p.Scan() {
		if err := p.Err(); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
		return ""
	}
	return p.Text()
}

func eAtoi(s []string) []int {
	ints := make([]int, len(s))
	var err error
	for i, e := range s {
		ints[i], err = strconv.Atoi(e)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err.Error())
		}
	}
	return ints
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
 
int x[10000][10000];
int MIN[10000];
int MINX = 0;
 
int main() {
    memset(MIN, 127, sizeof(MIN));
    int n, a;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            cin >> a;
            x[i][j] = a;
        }
    }
    MIN[0] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
                if (x[j][k] != -1) {
                    MIN[k] = min(MIN[k], x[j][k]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        MINX = max(MINX, MIN[i]);
    }
    cout << MINX << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;




struct link { //link connecting x and y vertices
  int x;
  int y;
  int weight;
  bool operator<(const link& other) const
  {
    return weight > other.weight; // for min priority queue, trick the operator
  }
};

priority_queue<link> links;
int roots[100];

int root(int x) {
  if (x == roots[x]) {
    return x;
  } else {
    //roots[x] = root(roots[x]); //attach all to root
    return root(roots[x]);
  }
}

bool same(int x, int y) {
  return (root(x) == root(y));
}

void unite(int x, int y) {
  roots[root(x)] = root(y);
}


  
int main() {
  int min_cost = 0;
  int n;
  cin >> n;


  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    roots[i] = i; // initialize roots
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      
      int weight;
      cin >> weight;
      if (j <= i ) continue;
      if (weight != -1) {
	link new_link = {i, j, weight};
	links.push(new_link);
	//cout << "link added has i j weight: " << i << " " << j << " " << weight << endl;
      }
    }
  }

  while (!links.empty()) {
    link cur_link = links.top();
    //cout << "cur link weight: " << cur_link.weight << " x: " << cur_link.x << " y: " << cur_link.y << endl;
    if (!same(cur_link.x, cur_link.y)) {
      min_cost += cur_link.weight;
      unite(cur_link.x, cur_link.y);
    }
    links.pop();
  }

  cout << min_cost << endl;
      
    
}

C++: #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 100
#define White 1
#define Black 2
#define Red 3
#define Infinit 2001
struct Vertex {
	int weight,color,parent;
};
int M[MAX][MAX];
int n;
Vertex v[MAX];
void search() {
	int weight[MAX],pointer,min;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (i == 0) {
			v[i].weight = 0;
		}
		else {
			v[i].weight = Infinit;
		}
		v[i].color = White;
		v[i].parent = -1;
	}
	while (true) {
		min = Infinit;
		pointer = -1;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (v[i].color != Black && min>v[i].weight) {
					min = v[i].weight;
					pointer = i;
			}
		}
		if (min==Infinit) break;
		v[pointer].color = Black;
		for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
			if (M[pointer][k] != -1 && v[k].color!=Black) {
				if (M[pointer][k]<v[k].weight) {
					v[k].weight = M[pointer][k];
					v[k].parent = pointer;
					v[k].color = Red;
				}
			}
		}

	}
	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		sum += v[i].weight;
	}
	cout << sum << endl;


}
int main() {
	int id;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			cin >>id;
			M[i][j]=id;
		}
	}
	search();
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define N 100
#define INF 2000000000
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
using namespace std;

int n;
int M[N][N],color[N],d[N],p[N];
   //M??????????????????color????¨??????¶???(0,1,2),d????????????????°???????????¨????
   //p???MST???????°???¨?????¨??????????????????????????????

void Prim() {
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) d[i] = INF;
	d[0] = 0;  //?????????????????????????????§???????????§????´???????????????????????????????
	/*p[0] = -1;  //??????????????????????????????????????????*/

	int u;
	while (true) {
		int min = INF;
		for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
			if(color[i]!=BLACK&&min>d[i]){
				min = d[i];
				u = i;
			}
		}

	if (min == INF) break;

	color[u] = BLACK;

	for (int v = 0;v < n;v++) 
		if(color[v]!=BLACK&&M[u][v]!=-1)
			if (M[u][v] < d[v]) {
				d[v] = M[u][v];
				/*p[v] = u;*/
				/*color[v] = GRAY;*/
			}

	}

	int sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) sum += d[i];
	cout << sum << endl;
		
}

int main() {
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
		for (int j = 0;j < n;j++) {
			cin >> M[i][j];
			if (M[i][j] == -1) M[i][j] = INF;
		}

	Prim();

}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
#include <unordered_set>

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#define REP(i, n) for(decltype(n) i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define REP2(i, x, n) for(decltype(x) i = (x); i < (n); i++)
#define REP3(i, x, n) for(decltype(x) i = (x); i <= (n); i++)
#define RREP(i, n) for (decltype(n) i = (n) - 1; i >= 0; i--)

#define ALL(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define SORT(c) sort((c).begin(),(c).end())
#define DESCSORT(c) sort(c.begin(), c.end(), greater<int>())

using namespace std;

const int INF = 1000000000;
const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795;

// N, E, S, W
const int dx[4] = { 1, 0, -1, 0};
const int dy[4] = { 0, 1, 0, -1};

using LL = long long int;
using LD = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using pll = pair<LL, LL>;
using pdd = pair<double, double>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vl = vector<LL>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using vs = vector<string>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;

//==============================================
int n;
vi color, D, P;
vvi M;

int solve() {
	D[0] = 0;

	int u, minV;
	while (true) {
		u = -1;
		minV = INF;
		REP(i, n) {
			if (color[i] != 2 && D[i] < minV) {
				u = i;
				minV = D[i];
			}
		}

		if (u == -1) break;
		color[u] = 2;

		REP(i, n) {
			if (color[i] != 2 && M[u][i] != INF && D[i] > M[u][i]) {
				D[i] = M[u][i];
				P[i] = u;
				color[i] == 1;
			}
		}
	}

	int sum = 0;
	REP(i, n) {
		if (P[i] != -1) {
			sum += M[i][P[i]];
		}
	}

	return sum;
}

int main() {
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0);

	cin >> n;

	color.resize(n);
	D.resize(n, INF);
	P.resize(n, -1);
	M.resize(n, vi(n, INF));

	int edge;
	REP(i, n) {
		REP(j, n) {
			cin >> edge;
			M[i][j] = (edge == -1 ? INF : edge);
		}
	}

	cout << solve() << "\n";
	return 0;
}