Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 105;
const int INF = 1<<21;
int a[105][105];
int d[MAXN];
int n;


void bfs(int s)
{
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		d[i] = INF;
	}
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	d[s] = 0;
	
	int u;
	while(!q.empty())
	{
		u = q.front(); q.pop();
		for(int v = 0; v < n; v++)
		{
			if(d[v] != INF)
				continue;
			if(a[u][v] == 0)
				continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		if(d[i] != INF)
			cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
		else
			cout << i+1 << " " << -1 << endl;
	}
}

int main ()
{
	int u, v, k;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for(int j = 0; j < k; j++)
		{
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			a[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}
	bfs(0);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
static const int INF=1000000;

int main(){
  int n,u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  vector<int> G[n];
  int D[n];
  
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      G[u].push_back(v);
      //cout<<"#"<<u<<v<<endl;
      //G[v].push_back(u);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    D[i]=INF;
  }
    
  D[0]=0;
  queue<int>Q;
  Q.push(0);
  while(!Q.empty()){
    int u=Q.front();Q.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){
      v=G[u][i];
      if(D[v]!=INF) continue;
      D[v]=D[u]+1;
      Q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<(D[i]==INF ? -1:D[i])<<endl;
  }
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];
void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while ( !q.empty() ){
        u = q.front(); q.pop();
        for ( int v = 0; v < n; v++ ){
            if ( M[u][v] == 0) continue;
            if ( d[v] != INFTY) continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
            
        }
    }
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
    }
}
int main() {
    int u, k,v;
    
    cin >> n;
    for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for ( int j = 0; j < k; j++ ){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 105

vector<vector<int> > vec;
vector<int> ve;
int dis[MAX];
queue<int> Q;
int n;

int search(int start, int end) {
	while(!Q.empty()) Q.pop();
	Q.push(start);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		dis[i] = 0;
	}
	int now, len = 0;
	while (!Q.empty()) {
		now = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		if (now == end)
			return dis[now];
		if (dis[now] == len)
			len++;
		for (int cnt = 1; cnt <= vec[now][0]; cnt++) {
			if (dis[vec[now][cnt]] == 0) {
				dis[vec[now][cnt]] = len;
				Q.push(vec[now][cnt]);
			}
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

int main(void) {
	vec.push_back(ve);
	int u, k, v, i;
	cin >> n;
	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		ve.clear();
		cin >> u >> k;
		ve.push_back(k);
		while (k--) {
			cin >> v;
			ve.push_back(v);
		}
		vec.push_back(ve);
	}

	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		cout << i << " " << search(1, i) << endl;
	}
	
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N], d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for(int i =0; i < n; i++) {
		d[i] = INFTY;
	}
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while(!q.empty()) {
		u = q.front();
		q.pop();
    	for(int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
		    if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
			if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
			} 
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
	} 	
}

int main() {
	int v, k ,u;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
		    M[i][j] = 0;	
		}
	}
	
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		for(int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			M[u-1][v-1] = 1;
		}
	}
	
	bfs(0);
	
	return 0;
	
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

#define MAX 100

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

int T;
int N;

int M[MAX][MAX];
int C[MAX],D[MAX];

void bfs(int s)
{
    queue<int> *q = new queue<int>;

    q->push(s);
    D[s] = 0;
    C[s] = GRAY;

    while(q->size() > 0)
    {
        int u = q->front();
        q->pop();

        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            if (M[u][i] && C[i] == WHITE)
            {
                C[u] = GRAY;
                D[i] = D[u] + 1;
                q->push(i);
            }
        }

        C[u] = BLACK;
    }
}

int main ()
{
    cin >> N;

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        C[i] = WHITE;
        D[i] = -1;

        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;

        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)
        {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            if (j > 0)
                cout << " ";
            cout << M[i][j];
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    bfs(0);

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        cout << D[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}