Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var distance []int

type queue struct {
	q    []int
	head int
	tail int
}

func (q *queue) push(n int) {
	q.q[q.tail] = n
	q.tail++
}

func (q *queue) pop() int {
	q.head++
	return q.q[q.head-1]
}

func (q *queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

func makeAdjList() [][]int {
	var n int
	fmt.Scanf("%d", &n)

	adj := make([][]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		adj[i] = make([]int, n)
	}

	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		sc.Scan()
		nodeInfo := strings.Split(sc.Text(), " ")
		outDegree, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[1])

		if outDegree > 0 {
			for k := 0; k < outDegree; k++ {
				j, _ := strconv.Atoi(nodeInfo[k+2])
				j-- // convert 1 based to 0 based
				adj[i][j] = 1
			}
		}
	}

	return adj
}

func bfs(graph [][]int, s int) {
	distance = make([]int, len(graph))

	infty := -1
	for i := 0; i < len(distance); i++ {
		distance[i] = infty
	}
	distance[s] = 0

	q := &queue{make([]int, 1000), 0, 0}
	q.push(s)

	for !q.isEmpty() {
		u := q.pop()
		for i := 0; i < len(graph); i++ {
			if graph[u][i] == 0 {
				continue // u, i間に辺がない場合
			}
			if distance[i] != infty {
				continue // 訪問済みの場合
			}
			// 訪問するnodeの始点からの距離を設定し、訪問キューに入れる
			distance[i] = distance[u] + 1
			q.push(i)
		}
	}

	// print distance
	for i, d := range distance {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d)
	}
}

func main() {
	adj := makeAdjList()
	bfs(adj, 0)
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
 
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<ll> vll;
#define int ll
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SORT(a) sort(a.begin(),a.end())
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0;i < (n) ; i++) 
#define REP(i,n) for(int i = 0;i < (n) ; i++) 
#define MP(a,b) make_pair(a,b)
#define pb(a) push_back(a)
#define INF LLONG_MAX/2
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define debug(x) cerr<<#x<<": "<<x<<endl
#define debug_vec(v) cerr<<#v<<":";rep(i,v.size())cerr<<" "<<v[i];cerr<<endl
/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

// int MOD = 998244353;
int MOD = 1000000007;

int n;
vector<int> G[101];
int d[101];
void bfs(){
    rep(i,n)d[i] = INF;
    d[0] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);

    while(q.size()){
        int p = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(auto x:G[p]){
            if(d[x] == INF){
                d[x] = d[p]+1;
                q.push(x);
            }
        }
    }
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
signed main(){

    cin >> n;
    rep(i,n){
        int u,k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        rep(i,k){
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            G[u-1].pb(v-1);
        }
    }
    bfs();
    rep(i,n)if(d[i] == INF)d[i] = -1;
    rep(i,n)cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;


	return 0;
}
/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

// g++ -std=c++14 code1.cpp
// sudo pip3 install --upgrade online-judge-tools
// rm -r -f test;oj dl https://code-festival-2018-quala.contest.atcoder.jp/tasks/code_festival_2018_quala_c
// rm -r -f test;oj dl https://pakencamp-2019-day3.contest.atcoder.jp/tasks/pakencamp_2019_day3_c
// rm -r -f test;oj dl https://joi2009yo.contest.atcoder.jp/tasks/joi2009yo_d

C++: #include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <set>
#include <cctype>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main(void) {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    int ans[n][n];
    int d[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            ans[i][j] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int tmp;
            cin >> tmp;
            ans[u-1][tmp-1] = 1;
        }
    }
//    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
//        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
//            if (j == n-1) cout << ans[i][j];
//            else cout << ans[i][j] << " ";
//        }
//        cout << endl;
//    }
    d[0] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int now = q.front(); q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (ans[now][i] == 1 && d[i] == -1) {
                d[i] = d[now] + 1;
                q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace  std;

const int nIMPOS = -1;
struct StDist
{
  int m_nDist;
  int m_nMeTo;

  StDist(int nDist) : m_nDist(nDist), m_nMeTo(0)
  { }
};

void fnInput(vector<vector<int>>& rvvnAdjcy, vector<StDist>& rvoDist)
{
  int nxSiz;
  cin >> nxSiz;

  rvvnAdjcy.resize(nxSiz + 1, vector<int>(nxSiz + 1, 0));
  for (int i = 0; i < nxSiz; ++i)
  {
    int nx, nySiz;
    cin >> nx >> nySiz;
    for (int j = 0; j < nySiz; ++j)
    {
      int ny;
      cin >> ny;
      rvvnAdjcy[nx][ny] = 1;
    }
  }
  StDist oDist(nIMPOS);
  rvoDist.resize(nxSiz + 1, oDist);
}

void fnBreadthFirstSearch(const vector<vector<int>>& cnrvvnAdjcy, 
                          queue<int>& rqnBFSrch, vector<StDist>& rvoDist)
{
  while (rqnBFSrch.size())
  {
    int nx = rqnBFSrch.front(); rqnBFSrch.pop();
    if (rvoDist[nx].m_nMeTo)  continue; 

    rvoDist[nx].m_nMeTo = 1;
    for (int ny = 1; ny < cnrvvnAdjcy[nx].size(); ++ny)
      if (cnrvvnAdjcy[nx][ny])
      {
        int nDist = rvoDist[nx].m_nDist + 1;
        if (rvoDist[ny].m_nDist == nIMPOS)
          rvoDist[ny].m_nDist = nDist;
        else
          rvoDist[ny].m_nDist = min(rvoDist[ny].m_nDist, nDist);

        rqnBFSrch.push(ny);
      }
  }
}

void fnResult(const vector<StDist>& cnrvoDist)
{
  for (int i = 1; i < cnrvoDist.size(); ++i)
    cout << i <<  " " << cnrvoDist[i].m_nDist << endl;
}

int main()
{
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  vector<vector<int>> vvnAdjcy;
  queue<int>  qnBFSrch;
  vector<StDist> voDist;

  fnInput(vvnAdjcy, voDist);

  voDist[1].m_nDist = 0;
  qnBFSrch.push(1);
  fnBreadthFirstSearch(vvnAdjcy, qnBFSrch, voDist);
  fnResult(voDist);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int n;

int V[100][100];
int D[100];
int d = 0;

std::queue<int> Q;

void bfs(int r) {
    Q.push(r);
    D[r] = 0;
    while (Q.size()) {
        r = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if ((D[i] == 0) && (V[r][i] == 1)) {
                Q.push(i);
                D[i] = D[r] + 1;
            }
        }
    }
}


int main() {
    std::cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int id, e_num;
        std::cin >> id >> e_num;
        for (int j = 0; j < e_num; j++) {
            int t;
            std::cin >> t;
            V[id - 1][t - 1] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        std::cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << std::endl;
    }
}