Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define endl '\n'
#define ll long long
#define ui unsigned int
#define ull unsigned long long

int main(void)
{
    int n;
    while (cin >> n)
    {
        int adj[105][105]={{0}};
        int tmpn = n;
        while (tmpn--)
        {
            int u, k;
            cin >> u >> k;
            for (int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++)
            {
                int tmp;
                cin >> tmp;
                adj[u-1][tmp-1] = 1;
            }
        }

        int dis[105]={0};
        queue< pair<int, int> > g;
        g.push( make_pair(1,0) );
        while (!g.empty())
        {
            for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
            {
                if (adj[g.front().first-1][i] == 1 && dis[i] == 0)
                {
                    g.push( make_pair(i+1, g.front().second+1) );
                    dis[i] = g.front().second+1;
                }
            }
            g.pop();
        }

        for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
        {
            cout << i+1 << " " << dis[i] << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: //push(),pop():C++ではstackと統一されいる
//front():先頭の要素が何かを返す
//back():末尾の要素が何であるかを返す
//empty():キューが空であるかどうかを調べる
//size():要素数を調べる
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 101
#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int G[MAX][MAX],color[MAX],d[MAX],num;

void bfs(int s){
  int u;
  queue<int> Q; //Qを使うことでエンキュー、デキューの操作が容易になる
  for(int i=1; i<=num; i++) {
    d[i] = INFTY;
  }
  Q.push(s);
  d[s] = 0;
  while(!Q.empty()){
    u = Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    for(int v=1; v<=num; v++){
      if(G[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      Q.push(v);
    }
  }
}


int main(){
  int i,j,u,k,v;

  scanf("%d",&num);
  for(i=1; i<=num; i++){
    color[i] = WHITE;
    for(j=1; j<=num; j++){
      G[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }
  for(i=1; i<=num; i++){
    scanf("%d%d",&u,&k);
    for(j=1; j<=k; j++){
      scanf("%d",&v);
      G[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(1);

  for(i=1; i<=num; i++) printf("%d %d\n",i,d[i]);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>

void search(int (*A)[101], int *dis, int n){
    int hoge;
    int time=0;
    for(int k=1;k<n;k++){
        hoge = 1;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            if(dis[i]==time){
                for(int j=1;j<=n;j++){
                    if(A[i][j]&&dis[j]<0){
                        dis[j]=time+1;
                        hoge=0;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        time++;
        if(hoge)return;
    }
}

int main(){
    int i, j, n, u, k, v;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int dis[n+1];
    dis[1]=0;
    for(i=2;i<=n;i++){
        dis[i]=-1;
    }
    int A[101][101];
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
            A[i][j]=0;
        }
    }
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
        scanf("%d %d",&u,&k);
        for(j=0;j<k;j++){
            scanf("%d",&v);
            A[u][v]=1;
        }
    }
    search(A,dis,n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)printf("%d %d\n",i,dis[i]);
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <typeinfo>
#define PI 3.14159265359
#define INF 99999999;
#define rep(i, n) for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
#define REP(n) rep(i, n)
#define EPS 1e-10
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;

double distanceAB(double xa, double ya, double xb, double yb);
//void trace(int A[], int N);

/*
class Target
{
public:
	vector <string> draw(int n)
	{

	}
};
*/


static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s)
{
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	REP(n) d[i] = INFTY;
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while (!q.empty())
	{
		u = q.front(); q.pop();
		for (int v=0; v<n; v++)
		{
			if (M[u][v] == 0) continue;
			if (d[v] != INFTY) continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	REP(n)
	{
		cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}


int main()
{
	int u, k, v;
	
	cin >> n;
	rep(i, n) rep(j, n) M[i][j] = 0;
	
	rep(i, n)
	{
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		rep(j, k)
		{
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}
	
	bfs(0);
	
	return 0;
}


/*
void trace(int A[], int N)
{
	REP(N)
	{
		if (i > 0) cout << " ";
		cout << A[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
}
*/


double distanceAB(double xa, double ya, double xb, double yb)
{
	return sqrt((xb-xa)*(xb-xa) + (yb-ya)*(yb-ya));
}