Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while( !q.empty() ) {
        u = q.front(); q.pop();
        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if( M[u][v] == 0 || d[v]!= INFTY ) continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << (d[i] == INFTY ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    int u, k, v;

    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs(0);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>

#define N 100     
#define SUCCESS 1 // 成功
#define FAILURE 0 // 失敗
#define INFTY 1 << 21 // 到達不可能を表す大きな値

int queue[N]; // キューの本体
int queue_head = 0; // データ先頭
int queue_num; // データ個数

int node_num, M[N][N];
int d[N]; // 距離で訪問状態(color)を管理する

int enqueue(int enq_data) // キューにデータを追加する
{
  if (queue_head + queue_num < N) {
    queue[queue_head + queue_num] = enq_data;
    queue_num++;
    return SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}

int dequeue(int *deq_data) // キューからデータを取り出す
{
  if (queue_num > 0) {
    *deq_data = queue[queue_head];
    queue_num--;
    queue_head++;
    return SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return FAILURE;
  }
}

void bfs(int s) {
  enqueue(s); // 始点をキューに入れる
  for (int i = 1; i <= node_num; i++) d[i] = INFTY; // とりあえず全部INFTYにする
  d[s] = 0; // 始点から自分自身までの距離は0
  int u, p;
  while(queue_num > 0) { // キューが空でない間繰り返す
    u = queue[queue_head]; // キューの先頭からノードを取り出し，訪問
    dequeue(&p); // 同上
    for (int v = 1; v <= node_num; v++) {
        if (M[u][v] == 0) continue; // キュー先頭のノードとvが繋がってないならこのループは終了
        if (d[v] != INFTY) continue; // 既に距離を決めているならこのループは終了
        d[v] = d[u] + 1; // 次に訪問するノードまでの距離は，それまでの距離+1
        enqueue(v); // uに繋がっているノードは将来訪問しないといけない
    }
  }
  for (int i = 1; i <= node_num; i++) { // 表示部
    if (d[i] == INFTY) d[i] = -1;
    printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
  }
}

// mainの流れはdfsと同じ(隣接行列の初期化→隣接行列にノード間の接続関係を登録→bfsを呼び出す)
int main(void)
{
  int u, v, k, i, j;
  
  scanf("%d", &node_num);
  for (i = 0; i <= node_num; i++) {
    for(j = 0; j <= node_num; j++) M[i][j] = 0;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < node_num; i++) {
    scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
    for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      scanf("%d", &v);
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(1);
  
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<vl> vvl;
typedef pair<ll,ll> pl;
typedef vector<pl> vp;
#define fore(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a);i<=(b);++i)
#define rep(i,n) fore(i,0,(n)-1)
#define rfore(i,a,b) for(ll i=(b);i>=(a);--i)
#define rrep(i,n) rfore(i,0,(n)-1)
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
const ll INF=1001001001;
const ll LINF=1001001001001001001;
const ll D4[]={0,1,0,-1,0};
const ll D8[]={0,1,1,0,-1,-1,1,-1,0};
template<class T>
bool chmax(T &a,const T &b){if(a<b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}
template<class T>
bool chmin(T &a,const T &b){if(b<a){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}
template<class T>
ll sum(const T& a){return accumulate(all(a),0LL);}

ll n;
vl g[105];
void solve(){
    cin>>n;
    rep(i,n){
        ll from,m;cin>>from>>m;from--;
        rep(j,m){
            ll to;cin>>to;to--;
            g[from].push_back(to);
        }
    }
    queue<ll> q;
    q.push(0);
    vl a(n,-1);a[0]=0;
    while(!q.empty()){
        ll from=q.front();q.pop();
        if(!g[from].size())continue;
        rep(i,g[from].size()){
            ll to=g[from][i];
            if(a[to]==-1){
                a[to]=a[from]+1;
                q.push(to);
            }
        }
    }
    rep(i,n){
        cout<<(i+1)<<" "<<a[i]<<endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
    solve();
}