Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)
	paths[1] = 1

	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()
		d := paths[u] + 1
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
			}
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: //16D8103013E Sen Shunkou
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
int n;
int cnt=0;

int main(){
    //input
    int n;
    std::cin>>n;

    int cnt=0;
    int A[100][100];
    int dis_min[n];
    bool visited[n];

    for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<100;j++){
            A[i][j]=0;
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cin>>A[i][0];
        std::cin>>A[i][1];
        for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
            std::cin>>A[i][j+2];
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        dis_min[i]=-1;
    }

    //initialization
    std::queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    //std::cout<<"\n"<<que.front()<<"\n";
    //std::cout<<que.size()<<"\n\n";

    while(!que.empty()){
        int q=que.size();
        for(int k=0;k<q;k++){
            //std::cout<<"quesize"<<que.size()<<"\n";
            int i=que.front();
            que.pop();
            visited[i]=true;
            dis_min[i]=cnt;
            //std::cout<<i<<"cnt"<<cnt<<"\n";
            if(A[i][1]!=0){
                for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
                    if(visited[A[i][j+2]-1]!=true){
                        visited[A[i][j+2]-1]=true;
                        que.push(A[i][j+2]-1);
                        //std::cout<<A[i][j+2]-1<<"\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cnt++;
        //std::cout<<"cnt="<<cnt<<"\n";
    }

    std::cout<<"\n";

    //output
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cout<<i+1<<" "<<dis_min[i]<<std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
#include<queue>
#define P pair<int, int>

using namespace std;

int n, d[109];
vector<int> G[109];
bool check[109];


int main(){
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    int u, k, v;
    cin >> u >> k;
    for(int i=0;i<k;i++){
      cin >> v;
      G[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }
  memset(check, false, sizeof(check));
  memset(d, -1, sizeof(d));
  queue<P> Q;
  Q.push(P(1, 0));
  check[1]=true;
  while(!Q.empty()){
    P p = Q.front();Q.pop();
    int n=p.first, dis = p.second;
    d[n] = dis;
    for(int i=0;i<G[n].size();i++){
      if(!check[G[n][i]]){
        check[G[n][i]]=true;
        Q.push(P(G[n][i], dis + 1));
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)cout << i << ' ' << d[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define rep(a, b) for(int i = a; i <= b; i++)
#define mst(a) memset(a, 0, sizeof(a))
#define mem(a, p) memset(a, p, sizeof(a))

const int MAX = 1e2 + 10;


bool mtx[MAX][MAX];
int vis[MAX];
int n;

queue<int> q;

void init(void)
{
	while(!q.empty())
		q.pop();
	mem(vis, -1);
	return;
}

bool check(int x, int y)
{
	if(mtx[x][y] && vis[y] == -1)
		return true;
	return false;
}

void Bfs(void)
{
	int cnt = 1;
	q.push(1);
	vis[1] = 0;
	while(!q.empty())
	{
		int cur = q.front();
		q.pop();
		rep(1, n)
		{
			if(check(cur, i))
			{
				q.push(i);
				vis[i] = vis[cur] + 1;
				cnt++;
				if(cnt == n)
					return;
			}
		}
	}
	return;
}

int main()
{
	while(~scanf("%d", &n))
	{
		init();
		rep(1, n)
		{
			int row;
			scanf("%d", &row);
			int num;
			scanf("%d", &num);
			while(num--)
			{
				int tmp;
				scanf("%d", &tmp);
				mtx[row][tmp] = true;
			}
		}
		
		Bfs();
		
		rep(1, n)
			printf("%d %d\n", i, vis[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define MAX 100
int INFTY = (1<<21);
int num,M[MAX][MAX];
int d[MAX];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  int u,i,v;
  for( i = 0; i < num; i++){
    //d[i] = INFINITY;
    d[i] = INFTY;
  }
  d[s] = 0;
  while( !q.empty()){
    u = q.front();
    q.pop();
  for(v = 0; v < num; v++){
    if( M[u][v] == 0){
      continue;
    }
    //if( d[v] != INFINITY){
    if( d[v] != INFTY){
      continue;
    }
    d[v] = d[u]+1;
    q.push(v);
  }
  }
  for(i = 0; i < num; i++){
    //cout << i+1 << " ";
    /*
    if(d[i] == INFINITY){
      cout << (-1);
    }
    else{
      cout << d[i] << endl;
    } 
    */
    cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i] ) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v,i,j;
  cin >> num;
  for(i = 0; i < num; i++){
    for(j = 0; j < num; j++){
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  for(i = 0; i < num; i++){
    cin >> u >> k;;
    u--;
    for(j = 0; j < k; j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef long long int ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;

#define FOR(i, n, m) for(ll (i)=(m);(i)<(n);++(i))
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i,n,0)
#define OF64 std::setprecision(10)

const ll MOD = 1000000007;
const ll INF = (ll) 1e15;

struct Vertex {
    vector<ll> node;
};

Vertex V[105];
ll C[105];

int main() {
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    ll N;
    cin >> N;
    REP(i, N) {
        C[i] = INF;
    }
    REP(i, N) {
        ll n, k;
        cin >> n >> k;
        n--;
        REP(_, k) {
            ll v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            V[n].node.push_back(v);
        }
    }

    queue<pll> q;
    q.push(pll(0, 0));
    C[0] = 0;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        pll t = q.front();
        q.pop();
        ll cost = t.second + 1;
        for (auto &n:V[t.first].node) {
            if (C[n] <= cost)
                continue;
            C[n] = cost;
            q.push(pll(n, cost));
        }
    }

    REP(i, N) {
        cout << i + 1 << " ";
        if (C[i] == INF)
            cout << -1;
        else
            cout << C[i];
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using ll = long long;
using namespace std;
int n, A[100][100];
int d[100];
/* initialize */

void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) d[i] = 1<<30;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u = q.front(); q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if ( A[u][i] == 0 ) continue;
            if (d[i] != 1<<30) continue;
            d[i] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(i);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i] == 1<<30) ? -1 : d[i]) << "\n";
    }
}
/* main */
int main() {
    int u, k, v;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) A[i][j] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            cin >> v;
            A[u-1][v-1] = 1;
        }
    }
    bfs(0);
    return 0;
}