Go: package main

/*
グラフの表現 隣接行列による表現
*/

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	n := eGetInt(scanner)
	g := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		g[i] = make([]int, n+1)
		ints := eGetInts(scanner)
		num := ints[0]
		for j := 0; j < ints[1]; j++ {
			g[num][ints[j+2]] = 1
		}
	}
	dist := make([]int, n+1)
	for i := 0; i < len(dist); i++ {
		dist[i] = -1
	}
	q := []int{}

	// 訪問する
	q = append(q, 1)
	dist[1] = 0

	// キューが空でない限り
	for len(q) > 0 {
		// 先頭を取り出す
		top := 0
		top, q = q[0], q[1:]
		// 隣接マスを入れる.
		for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
			// 辺がある
			if g[top][i] == 1 {
				if dist[i] == -1 {
					// 訪問済みでなければ
					q = append(q, i)
					dist[i] = dist[top] + 1
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i < n+1; i++ {
		fmt.Println(i, dist[i])
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ライブラリ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func makeScanner(maxByte int) *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]uint8, 0, 8192), maxByte)
	return scanner
}
func makeWordScanner() *bufio.Scanner {
	scanner := makeScanner(8192)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	return scanner
}
func eGetLine(r *bufio.Scanner) string {
	if r.Scan() {
		return r.Text()
	}
	err := r.Err()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	// EOF
	return ""
}
func eGetInt(r *bufio.Scanner) int {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoi(line)
}
func eGetInt64(r *bufio.Scanner) int64 {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return eAtoInt64(line)
}
func eGetFields(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Fields(line)
}
func eGetInts(r *bufio.Scanner) []int {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoi(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetInt64s(r *bufio.Scanner) []int64 {
	fields := eGetFields(r)
	ints := make([]int64, len(fields))
	for i := 0; i < len(ints); i++ {
		ints[i] = eAtoInt64(fields[i])
	}
	return ints
}
func eGetChars(r *bufio.Scanner) []string {
	line := eGetLine(r)
	return strings.Split(line, "")
}
func eAtoi(s string) int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}
func eAtoInt64(s string) int64 {
	n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	return n
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

ll N;
vector<ll> A;
vector<vector<ll>> G;
vector<bool> used;
vector<ll> dist;

ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return b/gcd(a,b)*b;}

void bfs(vector<vector<ll>> &G) {
  queue<ll> que;
  que.push(0);
  used[0] = true;
  dist[0] = 0;

  while(que.size()) {
    ll node = que.front(); que.pop();
    for(auto next_node: G[node]) {
      if (used[next_node]) continue;
      que.push(next_node);
      dist[next_node] = dist[node]+1;
      used[next_node] = true;
    }
  }
}


int main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

  cin >> N;
  G.resize(N);
  used.resize(N, false);
  dist.resize(N, -1);
  rep(i, N) {
    int tmp, k;
    cin >> tmp >> k;
    rep(j, k) {
      int node;
      cin >> node;
      G[tmp-1].push_back(node-1);
    }
  }
  bfs(G);
  rep(i, N) cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#pragma GCC target("avx")
#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int, int>;
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) { if (a<b) {a=b; return 1;} return 0;}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) { if (b<a) {a=b; return 1;} return 0;}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> to(n);
    rep(i, n) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        rep(j, k) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            to[u].push_back(--v);
        }
    }

    queue<int> q;
    vector<int> dist(n, -1);
    q.push(0);
    dist[0] = 0;
    
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int v = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < to[v].size(); ++i) {
            int nv = to[v][i];
            if (dist[nv] >= 0) continue;
            q.push(nv);
            dist[nv] = dist[v] + 1;
        }
    }

    rep(i, n) cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
    d[s] = 0;
    int u;
    while(!q.empty()){
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
            if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
            if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cout << i+1 << " " <<((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
    }
}

int main(){
    int u, k, v;
    
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) M[i][j] = 0;
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            M[u][v] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    bfs(0);
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) d[i] = INFTY;
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while(!q.empty()){
		u = q.front(); q.pop();
		for(int v = 0; v < n; v++){
			if(M[u][v] == 0) continue;
			if(d[v] != INFTY) continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}

int main() {
	int u, k, v;

	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) M[i][j] = 0;
	}	

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(0);
	
	return 0; 
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY=(1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0; i<n;i++) 
      d[i]=INFTY;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) 
          continue;
      if(d[v]!=INFTY) 
          continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<" "<<((d[i]==INFTY)?(-1):d[i] ) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}