Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextString() string {
	scanner.Scan()
	return scanner.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	n, err := strconv.Atoi(nextString())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("strconv.Atoi failed: %v\n", err)
	}
	return n
}

func stringifyArray(arr []int) string {
	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", arr)[1:], "]")
}

var infty = 1000000000

type nodeKey int

type DirectedGraphNode struct {
	key       nodeKey
	adjacents []*DirectedGraphNode
	visited   bool
	d         int
	parent    *DirectedGraphNode
}

type DirectedGraph struct {
	nodes []DirectedGraphNode
}

func (g *DirectedGraph) setAdjacency(l, r nodeKey) {
	g.nodes[l].adjacents = append(g.nodes[l].adjacents, &g.nodes[r])
}

func newDirectedGraph(nNodes int) *DirectedGraph {
	graph := DirectedGraph{}
	graph.nodes = make([]DirectedGraphNode, nNodes)
	for iNodes := 0; iNodes < nNodes; iNodes++ {
		graph.nodes[iNodes].key = nodeKey(iNodes)

		graph.nodes[iNodes].visited = false
		graph.nodes[iNodes].d = infty
		graph.nodes[iNodes].parent = nil
	}
	return &graph
}

type QueueEntry struct {
	node *DirectedGraphNode
	next *QueueEntry
}

type Queue struct {
	head, tail *QueueEntry
}

func (q *Queue) enqueue(node *DirectedGraphNode) {
	entry := QueueEntry{}
	entry.node = node

	if q.tail == nil {
		q.head = &entry
		q.tail = &entry
		return
	}

	q.tail.next = &entry
	q.tail = q.tail.next
}

func (q *Queue) dequeue() *QueueEntry {
	if q.head == nil {
		return nil
	}
	poped := q.head
	q.head = q.head.next
	if q.head == nil {
		q.tail = nil
	}
	return poped
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == nil
}

func fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g *DirectedGraph, startNode *DirectedGraphNode) {
	startNode.visited = true
	startNode.d = 0

	queue := Queue{}
	queue.enqueue(startNode)
	for !queue.isEmpty() {
		u := queue.dequeue().node
		for _, adjacent := range u.adjacents {
			if !adjacent.visited {
				adjacent.visited = true
				adjacent.d = u.d + 1
				adjacent.parent = u
				queue.enqueue(adjacent)
			}
		}
		u.visited = true
	}
}

func main() {
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nNodes := nextInt()
	g := newDirectedGraph(nNodes + 1)

	for iNode := 0; iNode < nNodes; iNode++ {
		nodeKeyLeft := nodeKey(nextInt())
		nAdj := nextInt()
		for iAdj := 0; iAdj < nAdj; iAdj++ {
			nodeKeyRight := nodeKey(nextInt())
			g.setAdjacency(nodeKeyLeft, nodeKeyRight)
		}
	}

	// fmt.Println(g)
	fillDistancesByBreadthFirstSearch(g, &g.nodes[1])
	// fmt.Println(g)

	for iNode := 1; iNode <= nNodes; iNode++ {
		node := g.nodes[iNode]
		distance := node.d
		if distance == infty {
			distance = -1
		}
		fmt.Println(node.key, distance)
	}
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define rep(i,n)   FOR(i,0,n)
#define pb emplace_back
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> pint;

vector<int> g[101];
bool used[101];
int ans[101];
void bfs(int sr){
    queue<pint> q;q.push({sr,0});
    used[sr]=true;
    while(!q.empty()){
        pint pi=q.front();q.pop();
        ans[pi.first]=pi.second;
        rep(i,g[pi.first].size()){
            int nx=g[pi.first][i];
            if(!used[nx]){
                used[nx]=true;
                q.push({nx,pi.second+1});
            }
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    int n,u,k,v;
    cin>>n;
    rep(i,n){
        cin>>u>>k;
        --u;
        rep(j,k){
            cin>>v;
            --v;
            g[u].pb(v);
        }
    }
    memset(ans,-1,sizeof(ans));
    rep(i,n){
        if(!used[i]) bfs(i);
    }
    rep(i,n) cout<<i+1<<" "<<ans[i]<<endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> PLL;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<char> VC;
typedef vector<double> VD;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef vector<ll> VLL;
typedef vector<PLL> VP;
const static int INF = 1000000000;
const static int MOD = 1000000007;
const int dx[4]={1, 0, -1, 0};
const int dy[4]={0, 1, 0, -1};
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
#define rep(i,n) for (ll i=0; i<(ll)(n); i++)
#define repd(i,n) for (ll i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
#define rept(i,m,n) for(ll i=m; i<n; i++)
#define stl_rep(itr, x) for (auto itr = x.begin(); itr != x.end(); ++itr)
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define F first
#define S second
#define PF push_front
#define PB push_back
#define SORT(V) sort((V).begin(), (V).end())
#define RVERSE(V) reverse((V).begin(), (V).end())
#define paired make_pair
#define PRINT(V) for(auto v : (V)) cout << v << " "
//charを整数に
int ctoi(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { return c - '0'; } return 0; }
// 累積和 for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) s[i+1] = s[i] + a[i]; 
void cum_sum(int N,vector<double> a, vector<double> &s){ for(int i=0; i<N; i++){ s[i+1]=s[i]+a[i];}}
//ユークリッドの控除法
ll gcd(ll a,ll b){
    if(b == 0) return a;
    return gcd(b,a%b);
}
//最小公倍数
ll lcm(ll a,ll b){
    ll g = gcd(a,b);
    return a / g * b; // Be careful not to overflow
}
//素数判定
bool is_prime(long long n) {
    if (n <= 1) return false;
    for (long long p = 2; p * p <= n; ++p) {
        if (n % p == 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}
int getdigit(ll num){
    unsigned digit=0;
    while(num!=0){
        num /= 10;
        digit++;
    }
    return digit;
}
//空白文字も入力 getline(cin, S);
//桁数指定 setprecision

int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0); 
    cin.tie(0); 
    cout.tie(0);
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> G(n);
    rep(i,n){
        int a;
        cin >> a;
        a--;
        int b;
         cin >> b;
        rep(j,b){
            int c;
            cin >> c;
            c--;
            G[a].PB(c);
        }
    }

    vector<int> dist(n, -1);
    dist[0]=0;
    queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);

    while(!que.empty()){
        int v=que.front();
        que.pop();
        for(int nv : G[v]){
            if(dist[nv]!=-1) continue;
            dist[nv]=dist[v]+1;
            que.push(nv);
        }
    }

    rep(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

static const int INFTY = (1<<29);
int M[100][100];
int d[100];
int n;

void dfs(int s){
    int u;
    queue<int> q;

    q.push(s);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=INFTY;
    d[s]=0;

    while( !q.empty() ){
	u=q.front(); q.pop();
	for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
	    if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
	    if(d[v]!=INFTY) continue;
	    d[v]=d[u]+1;
	    q.push(v);
	}
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i]==INFTY) ? (-1):d[i]) << endl;
    }
    
}

int main(void){
    int u,k,v;

    cin >> n;
 
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
	cin >> u >> k;
	u--;
	for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
	    cin >> v;
	    v--;	
	    M[u][v]=1;
	}
    }

    dfs(0);

    return 0;
}