Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

const (
	N     = 100
	INFTY = 1 << 21
)

type Graph struct {
	M [N][N]int
	d [N]int
}

func (g *Graph) bfs(s, n int) string {
	var q []int
	q = append(q, s) // push

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		g.d[i] = INFTY
	}
	g.d[s] = 0

	for len(q) != 0 {
		u := q[0]
		q = q[1:] // pop
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if g.M[u][v] == 0 || g.d[v] != INFTY {
				continue
			}
			g.d[v] = g.d[u] + 1
			q = append(q, v) // push
		}
	}

	var out bytes.Buffer
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		if g.d[i] == INFTY {
			out.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d -1\n", i+1))
			continue
		}
		out.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d %d\n", i+1, g.d[i]))
	}

	return strings.TrimRight(out.String(), "\n")
}

func answer(reader io.Reader) string {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	sc.Scan()
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())

	var g Graph
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		sc.Scan()
		u, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
		sc.Scan()
		k, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
		u--
		for j := 0; j < k; j++ {
			sc.Scan()
			v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
			v--
			g.M[u][v] = 1
		}
	}

	return g.bfs(0, n)
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println(answer(os.Stdin))
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG_OUTPUT
#define DEBUG_LOG(s) cout << s << endl;
#else
#define DEBUG_LOG(s) void();
#endif

void bfs(const int start, vector<vector<int>>& graph,
         vector<int>& dist) {
    queue<int> q; q.push(start); dist[start] = 0;
    while(not q.empty()) {
        auto p = q.front(); q.pop();

        for (auto elm : graph[p]) {
            if(dist[elm] < 0 or dist[elm] > dist[p] + 1) {
                dist[elm] = dist[p] + 1;
                q.push(elm);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;

    vector<vector<int>> g(n, vector<int>(0));
    for (auto i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int u, k; cin >> u >> k; u--;
        for (auto j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int v; cin >> v; v--;
            g[u].push_back(v);
        }
    }

    vector<int> dist(n, -1);
    bfs(0, g, dist);

    for (auto i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << i+1 << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
 
using namespace std;
 
int D[110]={0};
void bfs(int src,int n,int g[110][110]){
 
queue<int> Q;
Q.push(src);
D[src]=0;
while (! Q.empty()){
    int cur =Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    for(int r=0;r<n;r++){
        if (g[cur][r]==1&&D[r]==0){
            D[r]=D[cur]+1;
            Q.push(r);
        }
    }
}
}
int main() {
int n,g[110][110]={0};
cin>>n;
int j,num,t;
for(int k=0;k<n;k++){
cin>>j>>num;
for(int kk=0;kk<num;kk++){
    cin>>t;
    g[k][t-1]=1;
}
}
bfs(0,n,g);

for(int a=0;a<n;a++){
    if(D[a]!=0){
    cout<<a+1<<" "<<D[a]<<endl;
}
else{
	if (a!=0){
    cout<<a+1<<" -1"<<endl;
}
	else{
		cout<<a+1<<" 0"<<endl;
	}
}
}
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=110;
int table[maxn][maxn];
int d[maxn],vis[maxn];
int n;

void bfs(){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(1);
    d[1]=0;
    vis[1]=1;
    while(!q.empty()){
        int v=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            if(!vis[i] && table[v][i]){
                vis[i]=1;
                d[i]=d[v]+1;
                q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    int u,k,num;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        d[i]=-1;
        vis[i]=0;
        cin>>u>>k;
        while(k--){
            cin>>num;
            table[u][num]=1;
        }
    }
    bfs();
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        cout<<i<<" "<<d[i]<<endl;

}

C++: #include<queue>
#include<queue>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

int n, dd[101], f[101], tmap[101][101];
int color[101], t = 0;
queue<int> Q;


void a(){
	while (!Q.empty()){
		int d = Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			if (color[i] == 0 && tmap[d][i] == 1){
				Q.push(i);
				color[i] = 1;
				dd[i] = dd[d] + 1;
			}
		}
	}
}


int main(){
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
		f[i] = color[i] = 0;
		dd[i] = -1;
		for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++){
			tmap[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	int u, k, v;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cin >> u >> k;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++){
			cin >> v;
			tmap[u][v] = 1;
		}
	}
	color[1] = 1;
	Q.push(1);
	dd[1] = t;
	a();
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
		cout << i << " " << dd[i] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define REAP(i,a,n) for(int i=(a);i<(n);i++)
#define YES cout<<"Yes"<<endl
#define NO cout<<"No"<<endl
#define fr first
#define sc second
#define pb push_back
#define All(v) v.begin(),v.end()
typedef long long ll;

int table[101][101];

void init(){
    REP(i,101){
        REP(j,101){
            table[i][j]=1e9;
            if(i==j)table[i][j]=0;
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    init();
    int u,k,v;
    REP(i,n){
        cin >> u >> k;
        REP(j,k){
            cin >> v;
            table[u-1][v-1]=1;
        }
    }

    REP(i,n){
        REP(j,n){
            REP(k,n){
                table[i][j]=min(table[i][j],table[i][k]+table[k][j]);
            }
        }
    }
    REP(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << ((table[0][i]<n)?table[0][i]:-1);
        cout << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define INFTY -10000000
using namespace std;



int a[124][124] = {{}};
int d[124] = {};
int n;
void bfs(int k){
  queue <int> q;
  q.push(k);
  int u;


  while(!q.empty()){
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int v = 0;v < n;v++){
      if(a[u][v] == 0) continue;
      if(d[v] == INFTY) {
        d[v] = d[u] + 1;
        //cout << v << " " << d[v] << endl;
      }
      q.push(v);
    }

  }
}

int main(){

  int u,k,x;
  cin >> n;

d[0] = 0;
for(int i = 1; i < n;i++) d[i] = INFTY;

  for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    for(int j = 0;j < k;j++){
      cin >> x;
      a[u - 1][x - 1] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
    cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
  }
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <ctime>
#include <string>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

const int MAX_N = 100;
int n;
int suji[MAX_N];
int	num[MAX_N];
int adj[MAX_N][MAX_N];
int ans[MAX_N][MAX_N];
int D[MAX_N];

void bfs(int src){
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(src);
	D[src] = 0;

	while(!Q.empty()){
		int cur = Q.front();
		Q.pop();

		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
			if(ans[cur][i] == 1 && D[i] == 0){
				D[i] = D[cur] + 1;
				Q.push(i);
			}
		}
	}
}


int main(void){

	cin >> n;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		
		cin >> suji[i] >> num[i];

		
		for(int j = 0; j < num[i]; j++){
			cin >> adj[i][j];
			adj[i][j] -= 1;
		}
	}

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
			ans[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j < num[i]; j++){
			ans[i][adj[i][j]] = 1;
		}
	}

	bfs(0);

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cout << i + 1 << " " << D[i] << endl;
	}
	
    return 0;
}