Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"bufio"
	"strconv"
	"container/list"
)

const MaxNode int = 100

var d []int
var A [][]int
var N int
var l *list.List

func bfs(u int) {
	d[u] = 0
	l.PushBack(u)
	for ;l.Len() != 0; {
		u = l.Front().Value.(int)
		l.Remove(l.Front())
		for v:=0; v<N; v++ {
			if A[u][v] == 0 {
				continue
			}
			if d[v] != -1 {
				continue
			}
			d[v] = d[u] + 1
			l.PushBack(v)
		}
	}
}


func nextInt(scanner *bufio.Scanner) int {
	scanner.Scan()
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	return num
}

func print() {
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i+1, d[i])
	}
}

func initVariable() {
	d = make([]int, MaxNode)
	A = make([][]int, MaxNode)
	l = list.New()
	for i:=0; i<MaxNode; i++ {
		A[i] = make([]int, MaxNode)
		d[i] = -1
	}
}


func main() {
	initVariable()
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	N = nextInt(scanner)
	for i:=0; i<N; i++ {
		idx := nextInt(scanner)
		cnt := nextInt(scanner)
		for j:=0; j<cnt; j++ {
			node := nextInt(scanner)
			A[idx-1][node-1] = 1 
		}
	}
	bfs(0)
	print()
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<climits>
#include<vector>
#include<list>
#include<functional>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include<complex>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<tuple>
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define INF (int)1e9
#define INFL (ll)1e11
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> P;

void bfs(vector<vector<int>> a, vector<int> &d) {
	int n = a.size();
	queue<int> qu;
	qu.push(0);
	while (!qu.empty()) {
		int i = qu.front();
		qu.pop();
		REP(j, n) {
			if (d[j] == -1 && a[i][j]) {
				d[j] = d[i] + 1;
				qu.push(j);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<vector<int>> a(n, vector<int>(n, 0));
	REP(i, n) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		REP(j, k) {
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			a[u][--v] = 1;
		}
	}
	vector<int> d(n, -1);
	d[0] = 0;
	bfs(a, d);
	REP(i, n) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << "\n";
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<cassert>
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

int N, G[100][100], V[100], D[100];//G:２頂点,V:次数,D:距離

void bfs(int src){
    queue<int> Q;
    Q.push(src);
    fill(D, D + N, -1);
    D[src] = 0;
    while (! Q.empty()){
        int cur = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        cerr << cur+1 << " " << D[cur] << endl;
        for (int k = 0; k < N; k++){
            if (G[cur][k] == 1 && D[k] < D[cur]){
                D[k] = D[cur]+1;
                Q.push(k);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(){
	scanf("%d", &N);
		int id, c;
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){
			scanf("%d", &id); id--;//配列は0から始まるので、頂点番号を-1して考える。
			scanf("%d", V + id);
			for (int j = 0; j < V[id]; j++){
				scanf("%d", &c); c--;//配列は0から始まるので、頂点番号を-1して考える。
				G[id][c] = 1;
			}
		}//データの読み込み完了。
    bfs(0);
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

queue<int> Q;
int N;
bool PATH[101][101] = {false};
int len[101];

void BFS(int id){
    Q.pop();
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        if (PATH[id][i]) {
            if (len[i] > len[id] + 1) {
                len[i] = len[id] + 1;
                Q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
}

void BFS_m(){
    while (!Q.empty()) {
        BFS(Q.front());
    }
}

int main(){
    Q.push(1);
    cin >> N;
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        int bb;
        int n;
        cin >> bb;
        cin >> n;
        for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
            int s;
            cin >> s;
            PATH[i][s] = true;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) len[i] = 2000000000;
    len[1] = 0;
    
    BFS_m();
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        if (len[i] == 2000000000) len[i] = -1;
        printf("%d %d\n",i,len[i]);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<utility>
#include<numeric>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<tuple>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<functional>
#include<iterator>
#include<cmath>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int,int> P;


int main(){
	int n;
	cin >> n;

	vector<int> es[n];
	int u,k;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		cin >> u >> k;
		int v;
		for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
			cin >> v;
			es[i].push_back(v-1);
		}
	}

	int d[n];
	fill(d,d+n,-1);
	queue<P> que;
	que.push(P(0,0)); //点番号（0オリジン）、距離
	d[0] = 0;
	while(!que.empty()){
		P t = que.front(); que.pop();
		for(int i=0;i<es[t.first].size();i++){
			if(d[es[t.first][i]] == -1){
				que.push(P(es[t.first][i],t.second+1));
				d[es[t.first][i]] = t.second+1;
			}
		}
	}

	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << "\n";
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

#define MOD 1000000007

vector<int> g[100];

int main() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    int u, k;
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
      int v;
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      g[u].push_back(v);
    }
  }
  vector<int> d(n, 1e9);
  queue<int> que;
  que.push(0);
  d[0] = 0;
  while (!que.empty()) {
    int v = que.front();
    que.pop();
    for (auto u : g[v]) {
      if (d[u] == 1e9) {
        que.push(u);
        d[u] = d[v] + 1;
      }
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << (d[i] == 1e9 ? -1 : d[i]) << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const ll INF = 1e18;
const ll mod = 1000000007;

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
int ctoi(char c) {
  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
    return c - '0';
  }
  return 0;
}
ll factorial(ll n) {
  if (n == 1) {
    return 1;
  }
  ll ans = factorial(n-1);
  return ans*n;
}
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
  if (a < b) {
    ll tmp = a;
    a = b;
    b = tmp;
  }
  ll r = a%b;
  while(r != 0) {
    a = b;
    b = r;
    r = a%b;
  }
  return b;
}
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {
  return (a/gcd(a, b))*b;
}

int main() {
  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  vector <vector <bool>> v(n, vector <bool> (n, 0));
  vector <ll> color(n, 0);
  vector <ll> d(n, INF);
  queue <ll> q;
  rep(i, n) {
    ll a, b, c;
    cin >> a >> b;
    rep(j, b) {
      cin >> c;
      v.at(a-1).at(c-1) = 1;
    }
  }
  color.at(0) = 1;
  d.at(0) = 0;
  q.push(0);
  while (!q.empty()) {
    ll i = q.front();
    q.pop();
    rep(j, n) {
      if (v.at(i).at(j) && color.at(j)==0) {
        color.at(j) = 1;
        d.at(j) = d.at(i) + 1;
        q.push(j);
      }
    }
    color.at(i) = 2;
  }
  rep(i, n) {
    if (d.at(i) == INF) {
      cout << i+1 << ' ' << -1 << endl;
    } else {
      cout << i+1 << ' ' << d.at(i) << endl;
    }
  }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>

using namespace std;

int main(){
  queue<int> q;
  int n,k,u;
  int c[101];
  vector<int>  d[101];
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    d[u].resize(k);
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++) cin>>d[u][j];
  }
  for(int i=0;i<=n;i++) c[i]=-1;
  q.push(1);
  c[1]=0;
  int a;
  while(!q.empty()){
    a=q.front(),q.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<d[a].size();i++)
      if( d[a][i]>1 && c[d[a][i]]==-1){
	q.push(d[a][i]);
	c[d[a][i]]=c[a]+1;
      }
  }
  for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<i<<" "<<c[i]<<endl;
  return 0;
}