Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const MAX = 1000
const NIL = -1

type Node struct {
	id    int
	depth int
}

type Queue struct {
	head      int
	tail      int
	container [MAX]Node
}

func (q *Queue) inQueue(x Node) {
	q.container[q.tail] = x
	q.tail = (q.tail + 1) % MAX
}

func (q *Queue) deQueue() Node {
	x := q.container[q.head]
	q.head = (q.head + 1) % MAX
	return x
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func scanInt() int {
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanString())
	return num
}

func scanString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

func main() {
	n := scanInt()
	route := make([][]int, n)
	for i := range route {
		u, k := scanInt(), scanInt()
		u--
		route[u] = make([]int, k)
		for j := range route[u] {
			num := scanInt()
			num--
			route[i][j] = num
		}
	}

	d := make([]int, n)
	for i := range d {
		d[i] = NIL
	}

	start := Node{0, 0}
	que := Queue{}
	que.inQueue(start)
	for !que.isEmpty() {
		node := que.deQueue()
		if d[node.id] != NIL {
			continue
		}
		d[node.id] = node.depth

		for _, nextId := range route[node.id] {
			next := Node{id: nextId, depth: node.depth + 1}
			que.inQueue(next)
		}
	}

	for i, depth := range d {
		fmt.Println(i+1, depth)
	}
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;

using ll = long long;

int main() {
    int n, u, k, v;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> edge(n);
    vector<int> d(n, -1);
    rep(i, n) {
        cin >> u >> k;
        rep(j, k) {
            cin >> v;
            edge[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
        }
    }
    queue<pair<int, int>> q;
    q.push(make_pair(0, 0));
    d[0] = 0;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        auto p = q.front();
        q.pop();
        int v0 = p.first, d0 = p.second;
        rep(i, edge[v0].size()) {
            int v1 = edge[v0][i];
            if (d[v1] != -1) continue;
            q.push(make_pair(v1, d0 + 1));
            d[v1] = d0 + 1;
            //cout << "d[" << v1 << "]=" << d0 + 1 << "\n";
        }
    }
    rep(i, n) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << "\n";
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define int long long
#define rng(i, l, r) for (size_t i = (l); i < (r); ++i)
#define rep(i, n) rng(i, 0, n)
#define gnr(i, l, r) for (size_t i = (r)-1; i >= (l); i--)
#define per(i, b) gnr(i, 0, b)
#define ALL(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end()    //1,2,3,...
#define rALL(obj) (obj).rbegin(), (obj).rend() //...,3,2,1

using namespace std;
const int INF = 1e18;

struct edge
{
    int to;
    int cost;
};
using Graph = vector<vector<edge>>;

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

int n;
Graph G;

void solve()
{

    // remove the bottom 3 lines when you submit this code.
    std::ifstream in("sample.txt");
    std::cin.rdbuf(in.rdbuf());

    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    int n;
    cin >> n;
    Graph G(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int u, k;

        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++)
        {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            G[u].push_back((edge){v, 1});
        }
    }

    queue<int> que;
    int dist[110];
    int seen[110];
    for (int i = 0; i < 110; i++)
    {
        dist[i] = INF;
        seen[i] = WHITE;
    }

    que.push(0);
    seen[0] = GRAY;
    dist[0] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int now = que.front();
        que.pop();
        seen[now] = BLACK;
        for (auto ne : G[now])
        {
            int v = ne.to;
            int vcost = ne.cost;
            if (seen[v] == BLACK)
                continue;
            dist[v] = dist[now] + 1;
            que.push(v);
            seen[v] = BLACK;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ((dist[i] == INF) ? -1 : dist[i]) << endl;
    }
}

signed main()
{
    solve();
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>


using namespace std;


static const  int N =  100;
static const  int no =  -2;

int graph[N][N] = {{}};
int d[N] = {};
int n;

void bfs(int v){
  queue<int> Q; 
  Q.push(v);

  int u;
    for(int i = 1;i <= n; i++){
      d[i] = no;
    
}
  d[v] = 0;

  while(!Q.empty()){
    u = Q.front();
    Q.pop();

    for(int i = 1;i <= n; i++){
      if(graph[u][i] == 0) continue;
      if(d[i] != no) continue;
      d[i] = d[u] +1;
      Q.push(i);
    }
  }
}


int main(){
  int u,v,k;
  //graph
  cin >> n ;

  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
    cin >> u >> k ;
    for(int j = 0; j < k ; j++){
      cin >> v;
      graph[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }


  bfs(1);

  for(int i = 1;i <= n; i++){
    cout << i << ' ' << d[i] << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

C++: //16D8103013E Sen Shunkou
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
int n;
int cnt=0;

int main(){
    //input
    int n;
    std::cin>>n;

    int cnt=0;
    int A[100][100];
    int dis_min[n];
    bool visited[n];

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
            A[i][j]=0;
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cin>>A[i][0];
        std::cin>>A[i][1];
        for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
            std::cin>>A[i][j+2];
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        dis_min[i]=-1;
    }

    //initialization
    std::queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    //std::cout<<"\n"<<que.front()<<"\n";
    //std::cout<<que.size()<<"\n\n";

    while(!que.empty()){
        int q=que.size();
        for(int k=0;k<q;k++){
            //std::cout<<"quesize"<<que.size()<<"\n";
            int i=que.front();
            que.pop();
            visited[i]=true;
            dis_min[i]=cnt;
            //std::cout<<i<<"cnt"<<cnt<<"\n";
            if(A[i][1]!=0){
                for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
                    if(visited[A[i][j+2]-1]!=true){
                        visited[A[i][j+2]-1]=true;
                        que.push(A[i][j+2]-1);
                        //std::cout<<A[i][j+2]-1<<"\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cnt++;
        //std::cout<<"cnt="<<cnt<<"\n";
    }

    //std::cout<<"===========\n";
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cout<<i+1<<" "<<dis_min[i]<<"\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

static const int MAX = 100;
static const int WHITE = 1;
static const int GRAY = 2;
static const int BLACK = 3;

class BFS {
private:
    int color[MAX];
    int n;
    int M[MAX][MAX];
    queue<int> Q;
    int distance[MAX];

public:
    BFS()
    {
        cin >> n;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
                M[i][j] = 0;
        int vertex;
        int degree;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            color[i] = WHITE;
            cin >> vertex;
            cin >> degree;
            int to_v;
            for(int j = 0; j < degree; j++)
            {
                cin >> to_v;
                M[vertex - 1][to_v - 1] = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    void bfs()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            distance[i] = -1;

        distance[0] = 0;
        Q.push(0);
        color[0] = GRAY;
        while(Q.size() != 0)
        {
            int u = Q.front();
            Q.pop();
            color[u] = BLACK;
            for(int v = 0; v < n; v++)
            {
                if(M[u][v] && color[v] == WHITE)
                {
                    distance[v]  = distance[u] + 1;
                    Q.push(v);
                    color[v] = GRAY;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    void print()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            cout << i + 1 << " " << distance[i] << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    BFS bfs;
    bfs.bfs();
    bfs.print();
}