Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type AdjacentList struct {
	matrix [][]int
}

func NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim int) *AdjacentList {
	matrix := make([][]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		matrix[i] = make([]int, dim)
	}
	return &AdjacentList{matrix: matrix}
}

func (al *AdjacentList) set(node int, adjacent int) {
	al.matrix[node-1][adjacent-1] = 1
}

func (al *AdjacentList) findAdjacentsFor(node int) []int {
	adjacents := []int{}
	for i, v := range al.matrix[node-1] {
		if v == 1 {
			adjacents = append(adjacents, i+1)
		}
	}
	return adjacents
}

type DistanceList struct {
	list []int
}

func NewDistanceList(dim int) *DistanceList {
	list := make([]int, dim)
	for i := 0; i < dim; i++ {
		list[i] = -1
	}
	return &DistanceList{list: list}
}

func (dl *DistanceList) set(node int, distance int) {
	dl.list[node-1] = distance
}

func (dl *DistanceList) get(node int) int {
	return dl.list[node-1]
}

func (dl *DistanceList) isVisited(node int) bool {
	return dl.list[node-1] >= 0
}

type Position struct {
	node     int
	distance int
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	dim, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	al := NewEmptyAdjacentList(dim)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		node, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		adjacentNum, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		for j := 0; j < adjacentNum; j++ {
			adjacent, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			al.set(node, adjacent)
		}
	}

	dl := NewDistanceList(dim)

	bfs(al, dl)

	for i := 1; i <= dim; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", i, dl.get(i))
	}
}

func bfs(al *AdjacentList, dl *DistanceList) {
	stack := []Position{Position{node: 1, distance: 0}}
	for len(stack) > 0 {
		currentPosition := stack[0]
		stack = stack[1:]
		if !dl.isVisited(currentPosition.node) {
			dl.set(currentPosition.node, currentPosition.distance)
		}
		for _, v := range al.findAdjacentsFor(currentPosition.node) {
			if !dl.isVisited(v) {
				stack = append(stack, Position{node: v, distance: currentPosition.distance + 1})
			}
		}
	}
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	sc.Scan()
	return strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Adjl{
private:
	int u;
	int k;
	Adjl **next;
	int check_id;
public:
	Adjl(int u);
	~Adjl(){ if (next != NULL) delete[] next; }
	void setV(int k, Adjl *vk);
	int breadthFirstSearch(int id);
	void print(int id);
};

Adjl::Adjl(int u)
{
	this->u = u;
	k = 0;
	next = NULL;
	check_id = 0;
}

void Adjl::setV(int k, Adjl *vk)
{
	if (this->k == 0) next = new Adjl*[k];
	next[this->k] = vk;
	(this->k)++;
}

int Adjl::breadthFirstSearch(int id)
{
	//if (id == check_id) return -1;
	//else check_id = id;

	if (id == u) {
		//check_id = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
		if (id == next[i]->u) {
			//check_id = 0;
			return 1;
		}
	}
	int d_min = -1;
	for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
		int d = next[i]->breadthFirstSearch(id);
		if (d == -1) continue;
		if (d_min == -1) d_min = d + 1;
		else d_min = min(d_min, d + 1);
	}
	//check_id = 0;
	return d_min;
}

void Adjl::print(int id)
{
	cout << id << " " << breadthFirstSearch(id) << endl;
}

int main(void)
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	
	Adjl **adjl = new Adjl*[n];
	int check[100] = {0};

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		if (check[i] == 0) {
			adjl[i] = new Adjl(u);
			check[i] = 1;
		}
		check[i] = 1;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			int vk;
			cin >> vk;
			if (check[vk - 1] == 0) {
				adjl[vk - 1] = new Adjl(vk);
				check[vk - 1] = 1;
			}
			adjl[i]->setV(k, adjl[vk - 1]);
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		adjl[0]->print(i);
	}

	delete[] adjl;
	return 0;
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<string.h>
#include<functional>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<math.h>
#define INF 999999
#define EPS 1.0e-6

using namespace std;

vector<int> G[105];
int n;
int d[105];

void bfs(int s)
{
	fill(d, d + n, -1);
	d[s] = 0;

	queue<int> que;
	que.push(s);
	while (!que.empty()) {
		int k = que.front(); que.pop();
		for (int i = 0; i < G[k].size(); i++) {
			int j = G[k][i];
			if (d[j] == -1) {
				d[j] = d[k] + 1;
				que.push(j);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	cin >> n;
	int u, k, v;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			G[u].push_back(v);
		}
	}
	bfs(0);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<bool>> g(n, vector<bool>(n, false));
    int u, k;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        int v;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++){
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u][v] = true;
        }
    }
    vector<int> color(n, 0);
    vector<int> min_distance(n, -1);
    queue<int> bfs;
    bfs.push(0);
    min_distance[0] = 0;
    color[0]++;
    while (bfs.size()){
        int u = bfs.front();
        bfs.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            if (g[u][i] && color[i] == 0){
                bfs.push(i);
                color[i]++;
                min_distance[i] = min_distance[u] + 1;
            }
        }
        color[u]++;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cout << i + 1 << ' ' << min_distance[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<cmath>
#include<numeric>
#include<map>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
int inf = 1000000000;

class Graph{
public:
  int v;
  int cost = inf;
  int ftime = -1;
  int ltime = -1;
  vector<int> e;
};
vector<Graph> g;
int cnt = 0;
void dfs(int pos){
  if( g[pos].ftime != -1 ) return;
  cnt++;
  g[pos].ftime = cnt;
  for(int i=0; i<g[pos].e.size(); i++){
    dfs(g[pos].e[i]);
  }
  cnt++;
  g[pos].ltime = cnt;
}
void bfs(int pos){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(pos);
  while(!q.empty()){
    int p = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int i=0; i<g[p].e.size(); i++){
      if( g[ g[p].e[i] ].cost != inf ) continue;
      g[ g[p].e[i] ].cost = min(g[ g[p].e[i] ].cost, g[p].cost + 1);
      q.push(g[p].e[i]);
    }
  }
}

int main(void) {

  int n;
  cin >> n;
  g.resize(n);
  int u, k;
  for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    g[u].v = u;
    g[u].e.resize(k);
    for(int j=0; j<k; j++){
      cin >> g[u].e[j];
      g[u].e[j]--;
    }
    sort(g[u].e.begin(), g[u].e.end());
  }

  g[0].cost = 0;
  bfs(0);
  for(int i=0; i<n; i++) cout << g[i].v + 1 << " " << (g[i].cost == inf ? -1 : g[i].cost) << endl;

  // for(int i=0; i<n; i++) dfs(i);
  // for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
  //   cout << g[i].v + 1 << " " << g[i].ftime << " " << g[i].ltime << endl;
  // }



  return 0;
}

// EOF