Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type vertexId int

type vertex struct {
	id vertexId
	visitedAt int
	adjs []vertexId
}

func createVertex(id int, adjsInt []int) vertex {
	adjs := make([]vertexId, len(adjsInt))
	for i := 0; i < len(adjs); i++ {
		adjs[i] = vertexId(adjsInt[i])
	}
	return vertex{
		id: vertexId(id),
		visitedAt: -1,
		adjs: adjs,
	}
}

func (v *vertex) isVisited() bool {
	return v.visitedAt >= 0
}

func bfs(id vertexId, vqueue []vertexId, vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[id-1]
	for _, vid := range vertex.adjs {
		if !vertices[vid-1].isVisited() {
			(&vertices[vid-1]).visitedAt = vertex.visitedAt+1
			vqueue = append(vqueue, vid)
		}
	}
	if len(vqueue) > 0 {
		nextId := vqueue[0]
		nextVqueue := vqueue[1:]
		bfs(nextId, nextVqueue, vertices)
	}
}

func solveBfs(vertices []vertex) {
	vertex := &vertices[0]
	vertex.visitedAt = 0
	vqueue := make([]vertexId, 0)
	bfs(vertex.id, vqueue, vertices)
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	n, err := nextInt(sc)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	vertices := make([]vertex, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		id, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjN, err := nextInt(sc)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		adjs := make([]int, adjN)
		for j := 0; j < adjN; j++ {
			adjId, err := nextInt(sc)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			adjs[j] = adjId
		}
		vertices[i] = createVertex(id, adjs)
	}

	solveBfs(vertices)

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d %d\n", vertices[i].id, vertices[i].visitedAt)
	}
}

func nextText(sc *bufio.Scanner) string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) (int, error) {
	return strconv.Atoi(nextText(sc))
}

C++: #include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n;
    cin >> n;

    vector<vector<int>> graph(n);

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
        int v, k;
        cin >> v >> k;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
            int v2;
            cin >> v2;
            graph[v-1].push_back(v2-1);
        }
    }

    vector<int> d(n, -1);
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    d[0] = 0;

    while(!q.empty()){
        int cur = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i = 0; i < graph[cur].size(); i++ ){
            int next = graph[cur][i];
            if(d[next] == -1){
                d[next] = d[cur]+1;
                q.push(next);
            }
        }
    }

    for(int i = 0 ; i < n; i++ ){
        cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int WHITE = 0;
static const int GRAY = 1;
static const int BLACK = 2;
static const int INF = 1 << 30;

int n, M[N][N];
int color[N], d[N];


void dfs(int s){
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        d[i] = INF;
    }
    d[s] = 0;

    int u;
    while( !q.empty()){
        u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int v = 0; v < n; ++v){
            if(M[u][v] ==0)
                continue;
            if( d[v] != INF)
                continue;
            d[v] = d[u] + 1;
            q.push(v);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INF) ? -1 : d[i] )<< endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int u, k, v;

    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
            M[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        cin >> u >> k;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j){
            cin >> v;
            M[u - 1][v - 1] = 1;
        }
    }

    dfs(0);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 100000

static const int N =100;
static const int INFTY =(1<<21);
int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=INFTY;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front();
    q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==1){
        d[v]=d[u]+1;
        q.push(v);
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ((d[i]==INFTY)? (-1):d[i])<< endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return 0;
}

C++: #include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<utility>
#include<numeric>
#include<iostream>
#include<array>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<list>
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES

#include<math.h>
#include<map>

#define SENTINEL 1000000001

#define min(a,b) (a)>(b)?(b):(a)
#define max(a,b) (a)>(b)?(a):(b)

using namespace std;

int G[101][101];
int d[101];
bool checked[101];

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		int id, k;
		cin >> id >> k;

		for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
		{
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			G[id][v] = 1;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
	{
		d[i] = -1;
	}

	queue<int> q;
	q.push(1);

	int td = 0;
	while (q.size() != 0)
	{
		int size = q.size();
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		{
			int id = q.front();
			q.pop();
			if (checked[id])
			{
				continue;
			}
			d[id] = td;
			checked[id] = true;
			for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
			{
				if (G[id][j] == 1 && !checked[j])
				{
					q.push(j);
				}
			}
		}
		td++;
	}

	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int d[100];
vector<int> adj[100];

void bfs(int n, int start) {
	queue<int> que;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		d[i] = i == start ? 0 : -1;

	que.push(start);
	while(!que.empty()) {
		int from = que.front();
		que.pop();

		for (int& to : adj[from])
			if (d[to] == -1) {
				d[to] = d[from] + 1;
				que.push(to);
			}
	}
}

int main() {
	int n;

	cin >> n;

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int u, k;
		cin >> u >> k;
		while (k--) {
			int v;
			cin >> v;
			adj[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
		}
	}

	bfs(n, 0);

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << i + 1 << " " << d[i] << endl;

	return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;

static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1<<21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s) 
  queue<int> q;

  q.push(s);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    d[i] = INFTY; 
  }
  d[s] = 0;
  int u;
  while (!p.empty()) {
    u = q.front(); q.pop();
    for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
      if (M[u][v] == 0) {
        continue;
      }
      if (d[v] != INFTY) {
        continue;
      }
      d[v] = d[u] + 1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main() {

  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      M[i][j] = 0;
    }
  }

  int u, k, v;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--; // to 0 origin
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      cin >> v;
      v--; // to 0 origin
      M[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}