Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)

	paths[1] = 1
	d := 2
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()

		pushed := false
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
				pushed = true
			}
		}
		if pushed {
			d += 1
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <array>
#include <vector>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <limits>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

#define FOR(i, start, end) for(int i = (start); i < (end); ++i)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n)

int n;
int mat[100][100];
int d[100];

void solve()
{
    fill(begin(d), end(d), -1);

    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    d[0] = 0;

    while(!q.empty()) {
        int i = q.front(); q.pop();
        REP(j, n) {
            if(!mat[i][j]) continue;
            if(d[j] != -1) continue;

            d[j] = d[i] + 1;
            q.push(j);
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;

    REP(i, n) {
        REP(j, n) {
            mat[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }

    REP(_, n) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;

        REP(_, k) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            mat[u-1][v-1] = 1;
        }
    }

    solve();

    REP(i, n) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"

#define REP(i,num) for(ll i=0;i<(num);++i)
#define LOOP(i) while(i--)
#define ALL(c) c.begin(),c.end()
#define PRINTALL(c) for(auto pitr=c.begin();pitr!=c.end();++pitr){cout<<*pitr;if(next(pitr,1)!=c.end())cout<<' ';}cout<<endl;
#define PAIRCOMP(c,comp) [](const pair<ll,ll>& lhs,const pair<ll,ll>& rhs){return lhs.c comp rhs.c;}

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

constexpr ll atcoder_mod = 1e9+7;

template<typename T=ll>
T in(){T x; cin >> x; return (x);}
template<typename T=ll,typename C=vector<T>>
C vecin(int N){C x(N);REP(i,N){x[i]=in<T>();}return move(x);}

void vout(){cout << endl;}
template<typename Head,typename... Tail>
void vout(Head&& h,Tail&&... t){cout << ' ' << h;vout(forward<Tail>(t)...);}
void out(){cout << endl;}
template<typename Head,typename... Tail>
void out(Head&& h,Tail&&... t){cout << h;vout(forward<Tail>(t)...);}

class ConnectNodeInfo{
	vector<vector<pair<ll,ll>>> graph;
public:
	ConnectNodeInfo(int node_num){
		graph.resize(node_num);
	}
	void AddNonDirectionalConnection(ll u,ll v,ll w){
		graph[u].emplace_back(v,w);
		graph[v].emplace_back(u,w);
	}
	void AddDirectionalConnection(ll u,ll v,ll w){
		graph[u].emplace_back(v,w);
	}
	vector<pair<ll,ll>>& operator[](ll index){
		return graph[index];
	}
	size_t size(){return graph.size();}
};

int main(){
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cout<<fixed<<setprecision(10);

	int N=in();
	ConnectNodeInfo connect(N);
	vector<int> V(N),D(N,-1);
	REP(i,N){
		V[i]=in()-1;
		int k=in();
		REP(j,k){
			int u=in()-1;
			connect.AddDirectionalConnection(V[i],u,1);
		}
	}
	queue<int> Q;
	Q.push(0);
	D[0]=0;
	while(!Q.empty()){
		auto X=Q.front();
		Q.pop();
		for(auto& x:connect[X]){
			if(D[x.first]==-1){
				D[x.first] = D[X]+1;
				Q.push(x.first);
			}
		}
	}
	REP(i,N) out(V[i]+1,D[i]);
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

static const int MAX_NUM = 101;
static const int NO_VISIT  = 0;
//static const int NOW_VISIT = 1;
static const int END_VISIT = 2;

void BFS(int *matrix, int num)
{
    int i;
    int state[MAX_NUM]    = {0};
    int distance[MAX_NUM];
    queue<int> Q;
    int target;
    int dist = 0;
    int *tmp;
    bool first;

    for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
        distance[i] = -1;
    }

    Q.push(1);
    state[1] = END_VISIT;
    distance[1] = 0;

    while (Q.empty() == false) {
        target = Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        tmp = matrix + target * MAX_NUM;
        first = true;
        for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
            if ((*(tmp + i) == 1) && (state[i] == NO_VISIT)) {
                if (first == true) {
                    ++dist;
                    first = false;
                }
                distance[i] = dist;
                Q.push(i);
                state[i] = END_VISIT;
            }
        }
    }

    for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, distance[i]);
    }

    return;
}

int main(void)
{
    int i, j;
    int num;
    int elem;
    int nume;
    int tmp;
    int matrix[MAX_NUM][MAX_NUM];

    scanf("%d", &num);
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d", &elem, &nume);
        for (j = 0; j < nume; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &tmp);
            matrix[elem][tmp] = 1;
        }
    }

    BFS(&matrix[0][0], num);

    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N=100;
static const int I=(1<<21);

int n,M[N][N];
int d[N];

void bfs(int s){
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(s);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=I;
  d[s]=0;
  int u;
  while(!q.empty()){
    u=q.front(); q.pop();
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) continue;
      if(d[v]!=I) continue;
      d[v]=d[u]+1;
      q.push(v);
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout << i+1 << " " << ( (d[i]==I) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
  }
}

int main(){
  int u,k,v;

  cin >> n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    for(int j=0;j<n;j++) M[i][j]=0;
  }

  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin >> u >> k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin >> v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }

  bfs(0);

  return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
static const int N = 100;
static const int INFTY = (1 << 21);

int n, M[N][N];
int d[N];


void bfs(int s) {
	queue<int> q;
	q.push(s);
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) d[i] = INFTY;
	d[s] = 0;
	int u;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		u = q.front();q.pop();
		for (int v = 0;v < n;v++) {
			if (M[u][v] == 0)continue;
			if (d[v] != INFTY)continue;
			d[v] = d[u] + 1;
			q.push(v);
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << " " << ((d[i] == INFTY) ? (-1) : d[i]) << endl;
	}
}

int main() {
	int u, k, v;
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		for (int j = 0;j < n;j++) {
			M[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) {
		cin >> u >> k;
		u--;
		for (int j = 0;j < k;j++) {
			cin >> v;
			v--;
			M[u][v] = 1;

		}
	}
	bfs(0);
}