Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

const MAX = 1000
const NIL = -1

type Node struct {
	id    int
	depth int
}

type Queue struct {
	head      int
	tail      int
	container [MAX]Node
}

func (q *Queue) inQueue(x Node) {
	q.container[q.tail] = x
	q.tail = (q.tail + 1) % MAX
}

func (q *Queue) deQueue() Node {
	x := q.container[q.head]
	q.head = (q.head + 1) % MAX
	return x
}

func (q *Queue) isEmpty() bool {
	return q.head == q.tail
}

var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func scanInt() int {
	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanString())
	return num
}

func scanString() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func init() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

func main() {
	n := scanInt()
	route := make([][]int, n)
	for i := range route {
		u, k := scanInt(), scanInt()
		u--
		route[u] = make([]int, k)
		for j := range route[u] {
			num := scanInt()
			num--
			route[i][j] = num
		}
	}

	d := make([]int, n)
	for i := range d {
		d[i] = NIL
	}

	start := Node{0, 0}
	que := Queue{}
	que.inQueue(start)
	for !que.isEmpty() {
		node := que.deQueue()
		if d[node.id] != NIL {
			continue
		}
		d[node.id] = node.depth

		for _, nextId := range route[node.id] {
			next := Node{id: nextId, depth: node.depth + 1}
			que.inQueue(next)
		}
	}

	for i, depth := range d {
		fmt.Println(i+1, depth)
	}
}

C++: //16D8103013E Sen Shunkou
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
int n;
int cnt=0;

int main(){
    //input
    int n;
    std::cin>>n;

    int cnt=0;
    int A[100][100];
    int dis_min[n];
    bool visited[n];

    for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<100;j++){
            A[i][j]=0;
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cin>>A[i][0];
        std::cin>>A[i][1];
        for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
            std::cin>>A[i][j+2];
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        dis_min[i]=-1;
    }

    //initialization
    std::queue<int> que;
    que.push(0);
    //std::cout<<"\n"<<que.front()<<"\n";
    //std::cout<<que.size()<<"\n\n";

    while(!que.empty()){
        int q=que.size();
        for(int k=0;k<q;k++){
            //std::cout<<"quesize"<<que.size()<<"\n";
            int i=que.front();
            que.pop();
            visited[i]=true;
            dis_min[i]=cnt;
            //std::cout<<i<<"cnt"<<cnt<<"\n";
            if(A[i][1]!=0){
                for(int j=0;j<A[i][1];j++){
                    if(visited[A[i][j+2]-1]!=true){
                        visited[A[i][j+2]-1]=true;
                        que.push(A[i][j+2]-1);
                        //std::cout<<A[i][j+2]-1<<"\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cnt++;
        //std::cout<<"cnt="<<cnt<<"\n";
    }

    //std::cout<<"===========\n";

    //output
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        std::cout<<i+1<<" "<<dis_min[i]<<std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
#define FOR(i,a,b) for (ll i=(a),__last_##i=(b);i<__last_##i;i++)
#define RFOR(i,a,b) for (ll i=(b)-1,__last_##i=(a);i>=__last_##i;i--)
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)
#define RREP(i,n) RFOR(i,0,n)
#define __GET_MACRO3(_1, _2, _3, NAME, ...) NAME
#define rep(...) __GET_MACRO3(__VA_ARGS__, FOR, REP)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rrep(...) __GET_MACRO3(__VA_ARGS__, RFOR, RREP)(__VA_ARGS__)
template<typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v){ for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; }
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& v) {
    REP(i,v.size()){if(i)os<<" ";os<<v[i];}return os;}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<vector<T>>& v) {
    REP(i,v.size()){if(i)os<<endl;os<<v[i];}return os;}
#define vi vector<int>
#define vii vector<vector<int>>
#define mii map<int,int>
#define Sort(v) sort(v.begin(),v.end())
#define Reverse(v) reverse(v.begin(),v.end())
#define ALL(a)  (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
//#define int ll

const int md = 1000000007;
const int INF = 1<<30;



int main(){
    int n; cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> e(n);


    rep(i,n){
        int s; cin >> s;
        int tmp; cin >> tmp;
        rep(j,tmp){
            int to; cin >> to;
            e[i].push_back(to-1);
        }
    }

    vi ans(n);
    rep(i,n){
        //if(i != 3) continue;
        queue<pair<int,int>> bfs;
        bfs.emplace(0,0);
        while(!bfs.empty()){
            auto tmp = bfs.front();
            if(tmp.first == i) {
                ans[i] = tmp.second;
                break;
            }
            bfs.pop();

            rep(j,e[tmp.first].size()){
                bfs.emplace(e[tmp.first][j],tmp.second+1);
            }
        }
    }

    rep(i,n){
        cout << i+1 << " " << ans[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <utility>

using vvi = std::vector<std::vector<int>>;

std::vector<int> DistanseFrom(const vvi& edges, int from)
{
    using namespace std;
    constexpr int nil = -1;

    int nextDist {};
    const int n = edges.size();
    queue<int> currentQ;
    queue<int> nextQ;
    vector<int> distances(n, nil);

    nextQ.push(from);
    distances[from] = nextDist;
    ++nextDist;

    while (!nextQ.empty())
    {
        currentQ = nextQ;
        nextQ = {};
        
        while (!currentQ.empty())
        {
            int c = currentQ.back();
            currentQ.pop();

            for (const auto& e : edges[c])
            {
                if (distances[e] == nil)
                {
                    nextQ.push(e);
                    distances[e] = nextDist;
                }
            }
        }
        
        ++nextDist;
    }

    return distances;
}

void solve()
{
    using namespace std;

    int n;
    cin >> n;

    //隣接リスト形式(1オリジン)
    vvi edges(n + 1);

    //読み込み
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;

        edges[u] = vector<int>(k);

        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j)
        {
            cin >> edges[u][j];
        }
    }

    auto dist = DistanseFrom(edges, 1);

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    {
        cout << i << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    solve();
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define INF 1e9
#define EXIST 1
int graph[200][200];
int dist[200];
int n;

void bfs() {
  queue<int> next;
  next.push(0);
  dist[0] = 0;
  
  while (!next.empty()) {
    int current = next.front();
    next.pop();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (graph[current][i] == EXIST && dist[i] > dist[current]+1) {
        next.push(i);
        dist[i] = dist[current]+1;
      }
    }
  }  
}

int main() {
  cin >> n;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    dist[i] = INF;
    int u, k, v; cin >> u >> k;
    for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      cin >> v;
      graph[u-1][v-1] = EXIST;
    }
  }
  
  bfs();
  
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << i+1 << " ";
    cout << (dist[i] == INF ? -1 : dist[i]) << endl;
  }
}