Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

//util
var sc = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

func nextStr() string {
	sc.Scan()
	return sc.Text()
}

func nextInt() int {
	sc.Scan()
	i, e := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
	return i
}

func printList(list []int) {
	n := len(list)
	buf := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for _, v := range list[0 : n-1] {
		buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d ", v)))
	}
	buf.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", list[n-1])))
	buf.Flush()
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	} else {
		return b
	}
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return b
	} else {
		return a
	}
}

//solve
const INFTY = (1 << 21)
const MAX = 100
const WHITE = 0
const GRAY = 1
const BLACK = 2

var time, n int

//隣接行列
var M [MAX][MAX]int

//d[i]: 頂点1から頂点iまでの距離
var color, d [MAX]int

func bfs(s int) {
	var q []int
	q = append(q, s)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		d[i] = INFTY
	}
	//sは開始点なので、0をいれる
	d[s] = 0

	//キューが空になるまで、以下を繰り返す
	for len(q) > 0 {
		u := q[0]
		q = q[1:]
		for v := 0; v < n; v++ {
			if M[u][v] == 0 {
				continue
			}
			if d[v] != INFTY {
				continue
			}
			d[v] = d[u] + 1
			q = append(q, v)
		}
	}

	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		fmt.Printf("%d ", i+1)
		if d[i] == INFTY {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", -1)
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("%d\n", d[i])
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	n = nextInt()
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		u, k := nextInt(), nextInt()
		M[u-1][u-1] = 0

		//fmt.Println(u, k)
		if k > 0 {
			for j := 0; j < k; j++ {

				v := nextInt()
				M[u-1][v-1] = 1

			}
		}

	}

	bfs(0)

}

C++: #include "bits/stdc++.h"
 
using namespace std;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
typedef vector<VVI> VVVI;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef vector<PII> VPII;
typedef long long LL;
typedef priority_queue<int> PQ_DESC;
typedef priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> PQ_ASC;
typedef priority_queue<PII> PQ_DESC_PII;
typedef priority_queue<PII, vector<PII>, greater<PII>> PQ_ASC_PII;
typedef vector<LL> VLL;
typedef vector<VLL> VVLL;
typedef vector<VVLL> VVVLL;

#define SORT_ASC(c) sort((c).begin(), (c).end())
#define SORT_DESC(c) sort((c).begin(), (c).end(), greater<typeof((c).begin())>())
 
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define REP(i,n)  FOR(i,0,n)
#define FORL(i,a,b) for(LL i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define REPL(i,n)  FORL(i,0,n)
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()
 
const double EPS = 1e-10;
const double PI  = acos(-1.0);

 //debug func
template<typename T>
void vprint(vector<T> v) {
    for(auto x : v) {
        cerr << x << " ";
    }
    cerr << endl;
}
 
template<typename T>
void vvprint(vector<vector<T>> vv) {
    REP(i, vv.size()) {
        REP(j, vv[i].size()) {
            cerr << vv[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cerr << endl;
    }
}

template <typename Iterator>
inline bool next_combination(const Iterator first, Iterator k, const Iterator last)
{
   /* Credits: Thomas Draper */
   if ((first == last) || (first == k) || (last == k))
      return false;
   Iterator itr1 = first;
   Iterator itr2 = last;
   ++itr1;
   if (last == itr1)
      return false;
   itr1 = last;
   --itr1;
   itr1 = k;
   --itr2;
   while (first != itr1)
   {
      if (*--itr1 < *itr2)
      {
         Iterator j = k;
         while (!(*itr1 < *j)) ++j;
         iter_swap(itr1,j);
         ++itr1;
         ++j;
         itr2 = k;
         rotate(itr1,j,last);
         while (last != j)
         {
            ++j;
            ++itr2;
         }
         rotate(k,itr2,last);
         return true;
      }
   }
   rotate(first,k,last);
   return false;
}

inline double get_time_sec(void){
    return static_cast<double>(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::nanoseconds>(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count())/1000000000;
}

template<typename T>
T lcm(T a, T b) {
    return (a / __gcd(a, b)) * b;
}

template<typename T>
map<T, T> prime_list(T n) {
    map<T, T> ret;
    for(T i = 2; i*i <= n; i++) {
        if(n % i == 0) {
            ret[i] = 0;
            while(n % i == 0) {
                n /= i;
                ret[i]++;
            }
        }
    }
    if(n != 1) ret[n]++;
    return ret;
}

#define MOD 1000000007

LL mypow(LL a, LL n) {
    if(n == 0) return 1;
    if(n == 1) return a % MOD;
    if(n % 2 == 1) return (a * mypow(a, n-1)) % MOD;
    LL t = mypow(a, n/2);
    return (t * t) % MOD; 
}

LL mycomb(LL n, LL k) {
    if(n == 0 || n == k) return 1;
    LL x = 1, y = 1;
    REP(i, k) {
        x = x * (n-i) % MOD;
        y = y * (i+1) % MOD;
    }
    return x * mypow(y, MOD - 2) % MOD;
}

#define INF 1e8

int n;
VVI g;

int main(void) {
    cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin >> n;
    g = VVI(n, VI(n, 0));
    REP(i, n) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        u--;
        REP(j, k) {
            int v;
            cin >> v;
            v--;
            g[u][v]++;
        }
    }
    VI d(n, -1);
    d[0] = 0;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(0);
    while(!q.empty()) {
        int f = q.front();
        q.pop();
        REP(i, n) {
            if(g[f][i] && d[i] == -1) {
                d[i] = d[f] + 1;
                q.push(i);
            }
        }
    }
    // vprint(d);
    REP(i, n) {
        cout << i+1 << " " << d[i] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

class Vertex {
public:
    int num;
    bool flag;                  // 以前訪れたかどうか
    vector<int> adj;            // 隣接リスト
};

int dist[101];
void bfs(map<int, Vertex>& graph, Vertex s) {
    queue<Vertex> que;

    dist[s.num] = 0;
    que.push(s);
    while (!que.empty()) {
        Vertex u = que.front(); que.pop();
        for (auto i = 0; i < u.adj.size(); i++) {
            Vertex v = graph[u.adj[i]];
            if (!v.flag) {
                graph[u.adj[i]].flag = true;
                dist[v.num] = dist[u.num]+1;
                que.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(void) {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    map<int, Vertex> graph; // 頂点の番号->頂点
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        Vertex v;
        int num, k;
        cin >> num >> k;
        v.flag = false;
        v.num = num;
        for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            int tmp;
            cin >> tmp;
            v.adj.push_back(tmp);
        }
        graph[num] = v;
    }

    bfs(graph, graph[1]);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        cout << i << " " << dist[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
     //??£??\??????????????£??\???????????????
    int n, k;

    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<bool> > A(n, vector<bool>(n, false));
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        cin >> k >> k;
        for(int j = 0; j < k; j++){
            int input;
            cin >> input;
            A[i][input-1] = true;
        }
    }

    vector<int> u(n, 1000000);
    u[0] = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
            if(u[j] == i){
                for(int k = 0; k < n; k++){
                    if(A[j][k] == 1) u[k] = min(i+1, u[k]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        if(u[i] != 1000000) cout << i << " " << u[i] << endl;
        else cout << i << " " << "-1" << endl;
    }
    return 0;

}