Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

type Queue []int

func (q *Queue) push(v int) {
	*q = append(*q, v)
}

func (q *Queue) pop() int {
	v := (*q)[0]
	*q = (*q)[1:]
	return v
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	nVerts := scanInt(sc)
	graph := make([][]int, nVerts+1)

	for i := 0; i < nVerts; i++ {
		u := scanInt(sc)
		nDegrees := scanInt(sc)

		graph[u] = make([]int, nDegrees)
		for d := 0; d < nDegrees; d++ {
			graph[u][d] = scanInt(sc)
		}
	}

	paths := make([]int, nVerts+1)

	queue := Queue(make([]int, 0))
	queue.push(1)
	paths[1] = 1

	for len(queue) > 0 {
		u := queue.pop()
		d := paths[u] + 1
		for _, v := range graph[u] {
			if paths[v] == 0 {
				paths[v] = d
				queue.push(v)
			}
		}
	}

	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	for i := 1; i <= nVerts; i++ {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d\n", i, paths[i]-1)
	}
	w.Flush()
}

func scanInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

char s[13][1];
int D[102][102];
int A[103],f[103],w,h,n,sx,sy,gx,gy,e,g[100];
int   kensa(int ,int);
int main(){
	queue<int> P;
	int i,j,a,b,c,d;
	for(i=0;i<100;i++){
		for(j=0;j<100;j++){
			D[i][j]=-1;		
		}					
	}						
	for(i=0;i<100;i++){		
		A[i]=0;				
		f[i]=-1;
		g[i]=0;
	}							
	scanf("%d" ,&a);//     a=4
	for(i=1;i<=a;i++){
        scanf("%d",&b);		//
		scanf("%d",&b);			//b=2					//
		for(j=1;j<=b;j++){		//
		scanf("%d",&c);			//					//
		D[i][c]=1;
//
		}						//D[???][???]
	}				
	for(i=1;i<=a;i++){
		for(j=1;j<=a;j++){
		//	printf("%d %d %d\n",i,j,D[i][j]);
		}	
	}//
	P.push(1);
	//P???1
	f[1]=0;
	while(!P.empty()){			//
		d=P.front();
		//
		A[d]=1;
		//
		P.pop();				//
		for(i=1;i<=a;i++){
			//printf("%d %d %d\n",d,i,D[d][i]);//
			if(D[d][i]==-1){		//
			continue;			//
			}					//
			if(A[i]==1){		//
			continue;			//
			}					//
			P.push(i);			//
			f[i]=g[d]+1;
			g[i]=g[d]+1;
			A[i]=1;
			//printf("%d\n",P.back());
		}	
	}							//
	for(i=1;i<=a;i++){			//
	printf("%d %d\n",i, f[i]);	//
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>

#define MAX 100

int G[MAX+1][MAX+1], d[MAX+1];
int n;
std::queue<int> Q;

void bfs() {
    d[1] = 0;

    Q.push(1);
    while(!Q.empty()) {
        int cur = Q.front();Q.pop();
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            if (G[cur][i] == 0) continue;
            Q.push(i);
            if (d[i] == -1) {
                d[i] = d[cur] + 1;
            }
            else {
                d[i] = std::min(d[i], d[cur] + 1);
            }
        }
    }

}

int main() {
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        d[i] = -1;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
            G[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int u,k;
        scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
            int t;
            scanf("%d", &t);
            G[u][t] = 1;
        }
    }

    bfs();
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d\n", i, d[i]);
    }


}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define White 0
#define Black 1
#define MAX 100
struct Queue {
	int color, deep, relate[MAX],roots,id;
};
Queue Q[MAX];
int main() {
	int n, u, k, v;
	cin >> n;
	queue<int> q;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		Q[i].color = White;
		Q[i].deep = -1;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> u>>k;
		Q[u - 1].id = u;
		Q[u - 1].roots = k;
		if (i == 0) {
			Q[u - 1].deep = 0;
			Q[u - 1].color = Black;
			q.push(u);
		}
		if (k != 0) {
			for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
				cin >> v;
				Q[u - 1].relate[i]= v;
			}
		}
	}
	while (!q.empty()) {
		int s = q.front();
		for (int i = 0; i < Q[s - 1].roots; i++) {
			int nakami = Q[s - 1].relate[i];
			if (Q[nakami - 1].color == White) {
				q.push(Q[nakami - 1].id);
				Q[nakami - 1].deep = Q[s - 1].deep + 1;
				Q[nakami - 1].color = Black;
			}
        }
		q.pop();
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << Q[i].id << " " << Q[i].deep << endl;
	}

}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
static const int INF=(1<<21);
int n,M[111][111];
int d[111]; //最短距離を記録（到達不可な時はINF）
void bfs(int s){
  queue<int>q;
  q.push(s); //始点INFを入れる（訪問）
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) d[i]=INF; //あらかじめINFを入れておく
  d[s]=0;
  while(!q.empty()){
    int u=q.front();
    q.pop(); //キューから頂点uを取り出し訪問
    for(int v=0;v<n;v++){
      if(M[u][v]==0) continue; //辺がない
      if(d[v]!=INF) continue; //訪問したことがある
      d[v]=d[u]+1; //vは未訪問の頂点であり、隣接しているためd[u]に1を足す
      q.push(v); //vを始点に
    }
  }
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cout<<i+1<<' '<<( (d[i]==INF)?(-1):d[i] )<<endl;
  }
}
int main(){
  int u,k,v;
  cin>>n;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>u>>k;
    u--;
    for(int j=0;j<k;j++){
      cin>>v;
      v--;
      M[u][v]=1;
    }
  }
  bfs(0);
  return(0);
}

C++: #include<bits//stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef pair< int, int > Pi;
const int INF = 1 << 30;
struct edge: vector< Pi > {
  void add_edge(int to, int cost){
    push_back(Pi(to,cost));
  }
} info[100000];
int hoge[100000];
void bfs(const int& st, const int& V){
  fill_n( hoge, V, INF);
  queue< int > que;que.push(st);
  hoge[st] = 0;
  while(!que.empty()){
    int p = que.front();
    que.pop();
    for(int i = 0 ; i < info[p].size() ; i++){
      int cost = info[p][i].second;
      int to = info[p][i].first;
      if( cost + hoge[p] < hoge[to]){
        que.push(to);
        hoge[to] = cost + hoge[p];
      }
    }
  }
}
int main(){
  int N;
  scanf("%d", &N);
  for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
    int u, k;
    scanf("%d %d", &u, &k);
    u--;
    while(k--){
      int v;
      scanf("%d", &v);
      info[u].add_edge( v - 1, 1);
    }
  }
  bfs(0, N);
  for(int i = 0 ; i < N ; i++ ){
    printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, hoge[i]==INF?-1:hoge[i]);
  }
}

C++: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2
#define MAX_N 110

int n,time,head,tail;
int *queue;
int *dist;
int *color;
int **matrix;

void enqueue(int);
int dequeue(void);
void bfs(void);

int main(){
  int i,j,u,k,v;

  scanf("%d",&n);

  queue = malloc(MAX_N * sizeof(int));
  color = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
  dist = malloc(n * sizeof(int));

  matrix = malloc(n * sizeof(int *));
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    matrix[i] = malloc(n * sizeof(int));
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   dist[i] = -1;
 }
 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
   for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++){
     matrix[i][j] = 0;
   }
 }

 for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    scanf("%d",&u); u--;
    scanf("%d",&k);
    for(j = 0 ; j < k ; j++){
      scanf("%d",&v); v--;
      matrix[u][v] = 1;
    }
  }

  bfs();
  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    printf("%d %d\n",i+1,dist[i]);
  }

  for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
    free(matrix[i]);
  }
  free(matrix);
  free(queue);
  free(dist);
  free(color);
  return 0;
}

void bfs(){
  int u,i;

  head = tail = 0;
  color[0] = GRAY;
  dist[0] = 0;
  enqueue(0);

  while(head != tail){
    u = dequeue();
    for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
      if(matrix[u][i] == 1 && color[i] == WHITE){
        color[i] = GRAY;
        dist[i] = dist[u] + 1;
        enqueue(i);
      }
    }
    color[u] = BLACK;
  }
}

void enqueue(int q){
  queue[tail] = q;
  if(++tail == MAX_N+1) tail = 0;
}

int dequeue(){
  int v = queue[head];
  if(++head == MAX_N+1) head = 0;
  return v;
}