Go: // AOJ 1160: How Many Islands? http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=1160

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"container/list"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

var SEA = 0
var LAND = 1

func nextInt(sc *bufio.Scanner) int {
	sc.Scan()
	v, _ := strconv.Atoi(sc.Text())
	return v
}

func discoverIslands(M, V [][]int, H, W int) int {
	// 島を探す
	queue := list.New()
	islands := 0
	for i := 1; i <= H; i++ {
		for j := 1; j <= W; j++ {
			// 訪問済みの土地ならスキップ
			if V[i][j] == 1 {
				continue
			}

			// 訪問中の土地が海なら訪問済みにしてスキップ
			if M[i][j] == SEA {
				V[i][j] = 1
				continue
			}

			// 未訪問の陸地が見つかったので
			// 島の数を1つ増やし、この陸地から辿れる陸地を訪問していく
			islands++
			queue.PushBack([]int{i, j})

			for queue.Len() > 0 {
				cur := queue.Remove(queue.Front()).([]int)
				h, w := cur[0], cur[1]
				if V[h][w] == 1 {
					continue
				}
				V[h][w] = 1

				// 全方向に未訪問の陸地がないか探索
				for v := -1; v <= 1; v++ {
					for l := -1; l <= 1; l++ {
						dh := h + v
						dw := w + l
						if M[dh][dw] == LAND && V[dh][dw] == 0 {
							queue.PushBack([]int{dh, dw})
						}
					}
				}
				/*
					if M[h-1][w] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h - 1, w})
					}
					if M[h-1][w+1] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h - 1, w + 1})
					}
					if M[h][w+1] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h, w + 1})
					}
					if M[h+1][w+1] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h + 1, w + 1})
					}
					if M[h+1][w] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h + 1, w})
					}
					if M[h+1][w-1] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h + 1, w - 1})
					}
					if M[h][w-1] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h, w - 1})
					}
					if M[h-1][w-1] == LAND {
						queue.PushBack([]int{h - 1, w - 1})
					}
				*/
			}
		}
	}
	return islands
}

func main() {
	sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	for {
		W, H := nextInt(sc), nextInt(sc)

		if W == 0 && H == 0 {
			break
		}
		// Initialize map and visted list
		M := make([][]int, H+2)
		V := make([][]int, H+2)
		for i := 0; i < H+2; i++ {
			M[i] = make([]int, W+2)
			V[i] = make([]int, W+2)
		}
		for i := 1; i <= H; i++ {
			for j := 1; j <= W; j++ {
				M[i][j] = nextInt(sc)
			}
		}

		islands := discoverIslands(M, V, H, W)

		fmt.Println(islands)
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int m[51][51];
int w, h;
int isl;
const int dx[] = {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1};
const int dy[] = {-1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1};

void dfs(int x, int y)
{
    m[x][y] = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        int nx = x + dx[i];
        int ny = y + dy[i];
        
        if (nx < 0 || ny < 0 || nx >= w || ny >= h)
            continue;
        else if (m[nx][ny] == 1)
            dfs(nx, ny);
    }
}

int main()
{
    while (cin >> w >> h, w || h) {
        isl = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < w; j++)
                cin >> m[i][j];

        for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) 
            for (int j = 0; j < w; j++)
                if (m[i][j] == 1) {
                    dfs(i, j);
                    isl++;
                }
            
        cout << isl << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define max(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
#define min(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
#define abs(a) max((a),-(a))
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++)
#define repe(i,n) rep(i,(n)+1)
#define per(i,n) for(int i=(int)(n)-1;i>=0;i--)
#define pere(i,n) rep(i,(n)+1)
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define SP <<" "<<
#define RET return 0
#define MOD 1000000007
#define INF 1000000000000000000

typedef long long LL;
typedef long double LD;

int main(){
  while(1){
    int h,w;
    cin >> w >> h;
    if(w==0) return 0;
    vector<vector<int>> field(h,vector<int>(w));
    for(int i=0;i<h;i++){
      for(int j=0;j<w;j++){
        cin >> field[i][j];
      }
    }
    queue<pair<int,int>> bfs;
    int nx,ny,hx[8]={-1,-1,-1,0,0,1,1,1},hy[8]={-1,0,1,-1,1,-1,0,1};
    int count=0;
    for(int i=0;i<h;i++){
      for(int j=0;j<w;j++){
        if(field[i][j]==1){
          count++;
          field[i][j]=0;
          bfs.push({j,i});
          while(!bfs.empty()){
            pair<int,int> now=bfs.front();
            bfs.pop();
            for(int i=0;i<8;i++){
              nx=now.first+hx[i];
              ny=now.second+hy[i];
              if(0<=nx&&nx<w&&0<=ny&&ny<h){
                if(field[ny][nx]==1){
                  field[ny][nx]=0;
                  bfs.push({nx,ny});
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    cout << count << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define REAP(i,a,n) for(int i=(a);i<(n);i++)
#define YES cout<<"Yes"<<endl
#define NO cout<<"No"<<endl
#define fr first
#define sc second
#define pb push_back
#define All(v) v.begin(),v.end()
typedef long long ll;

int dp[51][51];

int dy[]={0,1,1,1,0,-1,-1,-1};
int dx[]={1,1,0,-1,-1,-1,0,1};


void check(int i,int j,int h,int w){
    dp[i][j]=2;
    for(int a=0;a<8;a++){
        int x=i+dx[a];
        int y=j+dy[a];
        if(x>=0&&x<h&&y>=0&&y<w){
            if(dp[x][y]==1){
                check(x,y,h,w);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    int h,w,cou;
    while(cin >> w >> h,w){
        cou=0;
        REP(i,h)REP(j,w)cin >> dp[i][j];
        REP(i,h){
            REP(j,w){
                if(dp[i][j]==1){
                    cou++;
                    check(i,j,h,w);
                }
            }
        }
        cout << cou << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define debug(x) cerr << #x << ": " << x << '\n';
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int, int>;
const int INF = (int)1e9;

int w, h;
int c[51][51];
int dx[] = {1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1};
int dy[] = {0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1};

void dfs(int y, int x){
	c[y][x] = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
		int ny = y + dy[i], nx = x + dx[i];
		if(0<=ny and ny<h and 0<=nx and nx<w and c[ny][nx]==1){
			dfs(ny, nx);
		}
	}
}

int solve(){
	int res = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < h; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j < w; j++){
			if(c[i][j] == 1){
				dfs(i, j);
				res++;
			}
		}
	}

	return res;
}

int main(void){
	while(scanf("%d%d", &w, &h) != EOF){
		if(w == 0 and h == 0) break;
		for(int i = 0; i < h; i++){
			for(int j = 0; j < w; j++){
				scanf("%d", &(c[i][j]));
			}
		}
		printf("%d\n", solve());
	}

	return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
 
using namespace std;
const int dx[] = {-1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1};
const int dy[] = {-1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0, 1};
 
int main(void) {
    int w,h;
    while(cin >> w >> h && w && h) {
        vector< vector<int> > data(h+2,vector<int>(w+2,0));
        for (int i = 1; i <= h; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= w; ++j) {
                cin >> data[i][j];
            }
        }
 
        int nx,ny;
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= h; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= w; ++j) {
                if (data[i][j] == 1) {
                    nx = j;
                    ny = i;
                    data[i][j] = 0;
                    queue<int> fx,fy;
                    fx.push(nx);
                    fy.push(ny);
                    ++count;
 
                    while (!fx.empty()) {
                        nx = fx.front();
                        ny = fy.front();
                        fx.pop();
                        fy.pop();
                        for (int d = 0; d < 8; ++d) {
                            if (data[ny+dy[d]][nx+dx[d]] == 1) {
                                fx.push(nx+dx[d]);
                                fy.push(ny+dy[d]);
                                data[ny+dy[d]][nx+dx[d]] = 0;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cout << count << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}