Go: package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	io := NewIo()
	defer io.Flush()
	S := io.NextLine()
	cnt := 0
	for _, s := range S {
		if s == '(' {
			cnt++
		} else if s == ')' {
			cnt--
		} else {
			io.Println(cnt)
			break
		}
	}
}

// I/O template
type Io struct {
	reader    *bufio.Reader
	writer    *bufio.Writer
	tokens    []string
	nextToken int
}

func NewIo() *Io {
	return &Io{
		reader: bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin),
		writer: bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout),
	}
}

func (io *Io) Flush() {
	err := io.writer.Flush()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

func (io *Io) NextLine() string {
	var buff []byte
	for {
		line, isPrefix, err := io.reader.ReadLine()
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		buff = append(buff, line...)
		if !isPrefix {
			break
		}
	}
	return string(buff)
}

func (io *Io) Next() string {
	for io.nextToken >= len(io.tokens) {
		line := io.NextLine()
		io.tokens = strings.Fields(line)
		io.nextToken = 0
	}
	s := io.tokens[io.nextToken]
	io.nextToken++
	return s
}

func (io *Io) NextInt() int {
	i, err := strconv.Atoi(io.Next())
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return i
}

func (io *Io) NextFloat() float64 {
	i, err := strconv.ParseFloat(io.Next(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return i
}

func (io *Io) Println(a ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintln(io.writer, a...)
}

func (io *Io) Printf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintf(io.writer, format, a...)
}

func (io *Io) PrintIntSlice(a []int) {
	b := []interface{}{}
	for _, x := range a {
		b = append(b, x)
	}
	io.Println(b...)
}

func (io *Io) PrintStringSlice(a []string) {
	b := []interface{}{}
	for _, x := range a {
		b = append(b, x)
	}
	io.Println(b...)
}

func Log(name string, value interface{}) {
	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s=%+v\n", name, value)
}

func ExampleIo() {
	io := NewIo()
	defer io.Flush()
	a := make([]int, 0, 3)
	a[0], a[1], a[2] = io.NextInt(), io.NextInt(), io.NextInt()
	io.Println(a)
	io.PrintIntSlice(a)
	Log("io", a)
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define enld '\n'
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++)
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int,int>;
#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
constexpr ll INF = 1e18;
constexpr int inf = 1e9;
constexpr double INFD = 1e100;
constexpr ll mod = 1000000007;
constexpr ll mod2 = 998244353;
const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971;
const int dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
const int dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
// ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
// cin.tie(nullptr);
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

int main(){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    string S;
    cin >> S;
    int N = S.size();
    int cnt = 0;
    for(int i=0; i<N; i++){
        if(S[i] == '(') cnt++;
        if(S[i] == ')') cnt--;
        if(S[i] == '*'){
            cout << cnt << enld;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define inf 1<<29
#define linf (1e16)
#define eps (1e-8)
#define Eps (1e-12)
#define mod 1000000007
#define pi acos(-1.0)
#define phi (1.0+sqrt(5.0))/2.0
#define f first
#define s second
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define all(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define pd(a) printf("%.10f\n",(double)(a))
#define pld(a) printf("%.10Lf\n",(ld)(a))
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define RFOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a)-1;(b)<=i;i--)
#define Unique(v) v.erase(unique(all(v)),v.end())
#define equals(a,b) (fabs((a)-(b))<eps)
using namespace std;
typedef long double ld;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int,int> pii;
typedef pair<int,double> pid;
typedef pair<double,int> pdi;
typedef pair<double,double> pdd;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<pii> vpi;

int main()
{
  string s;
  int c = 0,ans = 0;
  cin>>s;
  FOR(i,0,s.length()){
    if(s[i]=='(')c++;
    else if(s[i]==')')c--;
    else ans+=c;
  }
  cout<<ans<<endl;
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s; cin >> s;
    int par = 0, ans = 0;
    for(size_t i=0; i<s.size(); i++) {
        if(s[i] == '(') par++;
        if(s[i] == ')') par--;
        if(s[i] == '*') ans = par;
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define INF_LL (int64)1e18
#define INF (int32)1e9
#define REP(i, n) for(int64 i = 0;i < (n);i++)
#define FOR(i, a, b) for(int64 i = (a);i < (b);i++)
#define all(x) x.begin(),x.end()
#define fs first
#define sc second

using int32 = int_fast32_t;
using uint32 = uint_fast32_t;
using int64 = int_fast64_t;
using uint64 = uint_fast64_t;
using PII = pair<int32, int32>;
using PLL = pair<int64, int64>;

const double eps = 1e-10;

template<typename A, typename B>inline void chmin(A &a, B b){if(a > b) a = b;}
template<typename A, typename B>inline void chmax(A &a, B b){if(a < b) a = b;}

template<typename T>
vector<T> make_v(size_t a){return vector<T>(a);}

template<typename T,typename... Ts>
auto make_v(size_t a,Ts... ts){
  return vector<decltype(make_v<T>(ts...))>(a,make_v<T>(ts...));
}

template<typename T,typename U,typename... V>
typename enable_if<is_same<T, U>::value!=0>::type
fill_v(U &u,const V... v){u=U(v...);}

template<typename T,typename U,typename... V>
typename enable_if<is_same<T, U>::value==0>::type
fill_v(U &u,const V... v){
  for(auto &e:u) fill_v<T>(e,v...);
}

int main(void) {
	string s;
	int64 cnt = 0;
	int64 res = 0;
	cin >> s;
	REP(i, s.size()) {
		if (s[i] == '(') cnt++;
		else if (s[i] == ')') cnt--;
		else res += cnt;
	}
	cout << res << endl;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <numeric>
#include <bitset>
#include <cmath>

static const int MOD = 1000000007;
using ll = long long;
using u32 = uint32_t;
using namespace std;

template<class T> constexpr T INF = ::numeric_limits<T>::max()/32*15+208;

int main() {
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = i+1; j < s.size(); ++j) {
            string t;
            if(s[i] != '(' || s[j] != ')') continue;
            int cnt = 0,  valid = 1, stars = 0;
            for (int k = i; k <= j; ++k) {
                if(s[k] == '(') cnt++;
                else if(s[k] == ')') cnt--;
                else stars++;
                if(cnt <= 0) {
                    if(stars) stars = 0;
                    else valid = 0;
                }
                t += s[k];
            }
            if(cnt == 0 && valid) {
                ans++;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << ans << "\n";
    return 0;
}

C++: #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> l_l;
typedef pair<int, int> i_i;
template<class T>
inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
    if(a < b) {
        a = b;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

template<class T>
inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
    if(a > b) {
        a = b;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

const long double EPS = 1e-10;
const long long INF = 1e18;
const long double PI = acos(-1.0L);

int main() {
  string S;
  cin >> S;
  int ans = 0;
  for(auto c : S) {
    if(c == '(') ans++;
    else if(c == ')') ans--;
    else {
      cout << ans << endl;
      return 0;
    }
  }
    return 0;
}