Go: // BFS

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"os"
		"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

var p = [15]int{}
var g = [13][4]int {
	// -1は存在しないマス目
	{2,-1,-1,-1},
	{2,5,-1,-1},{0,1,3,6},{2,7,-1,-1},
	{5,-1,-1,-1},{1,4,6,9},{2,5,7,10},{3,6,8,11},{7,-1,-1,-1},
	{5,10,-1,-1},{6,9,11,12},{7,10,-1,-1},
	{10,-1,-1,-1},
}

/*
　  ０ １ ２ ３ ４
 0 |／|／|  |／|／|
 1 |／|　|  |　|／|
 2 |　|　|  |　|　|
 3 |／|　|  |　|／|
 4 |／|／|  |／|／|
*/

var row = [13]int{0,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,4}
var col = [13]int{2,1,2,3,0,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,2}

type wolf struct {
	m [13]int
}

type pair struct {
	first wolf
	second int
}

func abs(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

func print_board(board [13]int) {
	fmt.Println("--------------------------")
	fmt.Printf("        [%2d]\n", board[0])
	fmt.Printf("    [%2d][%2d][%2d]\n", board[1], board[2], board[3])
	fmt.Printf("[%2d][%2d][%2d][%2d][%2d]\n", board[4], board[5], board[6], board[7], board[8])
	fmt.Printf("    [%2d][%2d][%2d]\n", board[9], board[10], board[11])
	fmt.Printf("        [%2d]\n", board[12])
	fmt.Println("--------------------------")
}

func main() {
	for scanner.Scan() {
		p1, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
		if p1 == -1 {
			break
		}
		p[0]= p1
		scanner.Scan()
		buf1 := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), " ")
		p2, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf1[0])
		p3, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf1[1])
		p4, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf1[2])
		p[1], p[2], p[3] = p2, p3, p4
		scanner.Scan()
		buf2 := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), " ")
		p5, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[0])
		p6, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[1])
		p7, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[2])
		p8, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[3])
		p9, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[4])
		p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7], p[8] = p5, p6, p7, p8, p9
		scanner.Scan()
		buf3 := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), " ")
		p10, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf3[0])
		p11, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf3[1])
		p12, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf3[2])
		p[9], p[10], p[11] = p10, p11, p12
		scanner.Scan()
		p13, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
		p[12] = p13
		S := make(map[wolf]struct{})
		st := wolf{}
		for i := 0; i < 13; i++ {
			st.m[i] = p[i]
		}
		Q := make([]pair, 0)
		S[st] = struct{}{}
		Q = append(Q, pair{st, 0})
		yet := true
		for len(Q) > 0 {
			at := Q[0].first
			print_board(at.m)
			cost := Q[0].second
			Q = Q[1:]
			ok := true
			for i :=1; i < 12; i++ {
				if at.m[i] != i {
					ok = false
				}
			}
			if ok {
				// print_board(at.m)
				yet = false
				fmt.Println(cost)
				break
			}
			now := cost
			for i := 0; i < 13; i++ {
				if at.m[i] != 0 {
					now += abs(row[i]-row[at.m[i]]) + abs(col[i]-col[at.m[i]])
				}
			}
			if now > 20 {
				continue
			}
			for i := 0; i < 13; i++ {
				if at.m[i] == 0 {
					for j := 0; j < 4; j++ {
						if ^g[i][j] != 0 {
							at.m[i], at.m[g[i][j]] = at.m[g[i][j]], at.m[i]
							if _, ok := S[at]; !ok {
								S[at] = struct{}{}
								Q = append(Q, pair{at, cost+1})
							}
							at.m[i], at.m[g[i][j]] = at.m[g[i][j]], at.m[i]
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if yet {
			fmt.Println("NA")
		}
	}
}

C++: #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#define INF 10000000
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,string> P;

static const double eps = 1e-8;

static const int t[][2] = {{1,0},{0,1},{-1,0},{0,-1}};
static const int s[][2] = {{0,2},{1,1},{1,2},{1,3},
{2,0},{2,1},{2,2},{2,3},{2,4},{3,1},{3,2},{3,3},{4,2}};

void bfs(map<vector< vector<int> >,int>& cost,vector< vector<int> >& rv){
	cost[rv] = 0;
	queue<vector< vector<int> > > que;
	que.push(rv);

	while(!que.empty()){
		vector< vector<int> > now = que.front();
		que.pop();

		for(int i=0;i<13;i++){
			int x = s[i][1];
			int y = s[i][0];
			if(now[y][x] != 0) continue;

			for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
				int dx = x + t[j][0];
				int dy = y + t[j][1];

				if(dy < 0 || dy >= 5 || dx < 0 || dx >= 5) continue;
				if(now[dy][dx] == -1) continue;
				if(now[dy][dx] == 0) continue;

				vector< vector<int> > tmp = now;
				swap(tmp[y][x],tmp[dy][dx]);

				if(cost.find(tmp) != cost.end()) continue;
				cost[tmp] = cost[now] + 1;
				if(cost[tmp] > 20) continue;
				que.push(tmp);
			}
		}
	}
}

int main(){
	int table[5][5];
	int root[5][5];
	memset(table,-1,sizeof(table));
	memset(root,-1,sizeof(root));
	root[0][2] = 0;
	root[1][1]=1; root[1][2]=2; root[1][3]=3;
	root[2][0]=4; root[2][1]=5; root[2][2]=6; root[2][3]=7; root[2][4]=8;
	root[3][1]=9; root[3][2]=10; root[3][3]=11;
	root[4][2] = 0;

	vector< vector<int> > rv(5,vector<int>(5));
	map<vector< vector<int> >,int> cost;

	for(int y=0;y<5;y++){
		for(int x=0;x<5;x++){
			rv[y][x] = root[y][x];
		}
	}
	bfs(cost,rv);

	while(~scanf("%d",&table[0][2])){
		if(table[0][2] == -1) break;
		scanf("%d %d %d",&table[1][1],&table[1][2],&table[1][3]);
		scanf("%d %d %d %d %d",&table[2][0],&table[2][1],&table[2][2],&table[2][3],&table[2][4]);
		scanf("%d %d %d",&table[3][1],&table[3][2],&table[3][3]);
		scanf("%d",&table[4][2]);
		vector< vector<int> > tv(5,vector<int>(5));

		for(int y=0;y<5;y++){
			for(int x=0;x<5;x++){
				tv[y][x] = table[y][x];
			}
		}

		if(cost.find(tv) != cost.end()) printf("%d\n",cost[tv]);
		else printf("NA\n");
	}
}

C++: #include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define r(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
typedef pair<vector<int>,int>P;
vector<int>v[13],s(13),t(13);
map<vector<int>,int>m;
void init(){

    v[0].push_back(2);

    v[1].push_back(2);
    v[1].push_back(5);

    v[2].push_back(0);
    v[2].push_back(1);
    v[2].push_back(3);
    v[2].push_back(6);

    v[3].push_back(2);
    v[3].push_back(7);

    v[4].push_back(5);

    v[5].push_back(1);
    v[5].push_back(4);
    v[5].push_back(6);
    v[5].push_back(9);

    v[6].push_back(2);
    v[6].push_back(5);
    v[6].push_back(7);
    v[6].push_back(10);

    v[7].push_back(3);
    v[7].push_back(6);
    v[7].push_back(8);
    v[7].push_back(11);

    v[8].push_back(7);

    v[9].push_back(5);
    v[9].push_back(10);

    v[10].push_back(6);
    v[10].push_back(9);
    v[10].push_back(11);
    v[10].push_back(12);

    v[11].push_back(7);
    v[11].push_back(10);

    v[12].push_back(10);
}
void BFS1(){
    s[0]=0;
    s[12]=0;
    r(i,11)s[i+1]=i+1;
    set<vector<int> >st;
    st.insert(s);
    m[s]=0;
    queue<P>q;
    q.push(P(s,0));
    while(1){
        vector<int>now=q.front().first;
        int cost=q.front().second;
        q.pop();
        if(cost==6)break;
        r(i,13)if(now[i]!=0){
            r(j,v[i].size()){
                swap(now[i],now[v[i][j]]);
                if(!st.count(now)){
                    st.insert(now);
                    m[now]=cost+1;
                    q.push(P(now,cost+1));
                }
                swap(now[i],now[v[i][j]]);
            }
        }
    }
}

void BFS2(){
    set<vector<int> >st;
    st.insert(t);
    queue<P>q;
    q.push(P(t,0));
    while(1){
        vector<int>now=q.front().first;
        int cost=q.front().second;
        if(m.count(now)){
            cout<<m[now]+cost<<endl;
            return ;
        }
        q.pop();
        if(cost==5)break;
        r(i,13)if(now[i]!=0){
            r(j,v[i].size()){
                swap(now[i],now[v[i][j]]);
                if(!st.count(now)){
                    st.insert(now);
                    q.push(P(now,cost+1));
                }
                swap(now[i],now[v[i][j]]);
            }
        }
    }
    cout<<"NA"<<endl;
}


int main(){
    init();
    BFS1();
    while(cin>>t[0],t[0]!=-1){
        r(i,12)cin>>t[i+1];
        BFS2();
    }
}