Go: package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"strconv"
)

// ColorCode is a string like #rrggbb
type ColorCode string

// ColorName is a name of color
type ColorName string

// Color has colorname and colorcode
type Color struct {
	name ColorName
	code ColorCode
}

// ColorTable has default colors
type ColorTable struct {
	colors []Color
}

var (
	colorTable = ColorTable{
		[]Color{
			Color{"black", "#000000"},
			Color{"blue", "#0000ff"},
			Color{"lime", "#00ff00"},
			Color{"aqua", "#00ffff"},
			Color{"red", "#ff0000"},
			Color{"fuchsia", "#ff00ff"},
			Color{"yellow", "#ffff00"},
			Color{"white", "#ffffff"},
		},
	}
)

func main() {
	var code ColorCode
	fmt.Scanf("%s", &code)
	for {
		if code == "0" {
			break
		}
		name := colorTable.getNearestColor(code)
		fmt.Println(name)
		fmt.Scanf("%s", &code)
	}
}

func (colorstr ColorCode) parseColorValue() (float64, float64, float64) {
	rr, gg, bb := colorstr[1:3], colorstr[3:5], colorstr[5:7]
	rri, err1 := strconv.ParseUint(string(rr), 16, 8)
	ggi, err2 := strconv.ParseUint(string(gg), 16, 8)
	bbi, err3 := strconv.ParseUint(string(bb), 16, 8)
	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || err3 != nil {
		err := fmt.Errorf(
			"Failed to read color strings, color code:%s, err: %v %v %v",
			colorstr, err1, err2, err3)
		panic(err)
	}
	return float64(rri), float64(ggi), float64(bbi)
}

func (table *ColorTable) getNearestColor(targetcode ColorCode) ColorName {
	var nearestColor ColorName
	var nearestValue = 1e5
	for _, v := range table.colors {
		trr, tgg, tbb := targetcode.parseColorValue()
		prr, pgg, pbb := v.code.parseColorValue()
		// diff := math.Sqrt(
		// 	math.Pow(prr-trr, 2) + math.Pow(pgg-tgg, 2) + math.Pow(pbb-tbb, 2))
		diff := math.Pow(prr-trr, 2) +
			math.Pow(pgg-tgg, 2) +
			math.Pow(pbb-tbb, 2)
		if nearestValue > diff {
			nearestValue = diff
			nearestColor = v.name
		}
	}
	return nearestColor
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

const int INF = 1e9;
typedef long long ll;

struct Color{
  string name;
  int R, G, B;
};

Color list[8];

void init(){
  list[0].name = "black";   list[0].R = 0x00; list[0].G = 0x00; list[0].B = 0x00;
  list[1].name = "blue";    list[1].R = 0x00; list[1].G = 0x00; list[1].B = 0xff;
  list[2].name = "lime";    list[2].R = 0x00; list[2].G = 0xff; list[2].B = 0x00;
  list[3].name = "aqua";    list[3].R = 0x00; list[3].G = 0xff; list[3].B = 0xff;
  list[4].name = "red";     list[4].R = 0xff; list[4].G = 0x00; list[4].B = 0x00;
  list[5].name = "fuchsia"; list[5].R = 0xff; list[5].G = 0x00; list[5].B = 0xff;
  list[6].name = "yellow";  list[6].R = 0xff; list[6].G = 0xff; list[6].B = 0x00;
  list[7].name = "white";   list[7].R = 0xff; list[7].G = 0xff; list[7].B = 0xff;
}

int main(void){
  init();
  string colorcode;
  while(cin >> colorcode && colorcode != "0"){
    int r = stoi(string(colorcode, 1, 2), nullptr, 16);
    int g = stoi(string(colorcode, 3, 2), nullptr, 16);
    int b = stoi(string(colorcode, 5, 2), nullptr, 16);
    int n, mind = INF;
    for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
      int d = (r - list[i].R) * (r - list[i].R) + (g - list[i].G) * (g - list[i].G) + (b - list[i].B) * (b - list[i].B);
      if(d < mind){
        mind = d;
        n = i;
      }
    }
    cout << list[n].name << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vii;
typedef vector<string> vs;
typedef vector<bool> vb;
typedef vector<vb> vbb;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;

#define all(a)  (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define rall(a) (a).rbegin(), (a).rend()
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair

#define loop(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<ull(b);++i)
#define rep(i,n) loop(i,0,n)

const double eps = 1e-10;
const double pi  = acos(-1.0);
const double inf = (int)1e8;

string color[8] = {"black", "blue", "lime", "aqua", "red", "fuchsia", "yellow", "white"};
string strength[8] = {"000000", "0000ff", "00ff00", "00ffff", "ff0000", "ff00ff", "ffff00", "ffffff"};

int toi(string s){
    int ret = 0;
    rep(i, s.size()){
        string t = s.substr(i, 1);
        if('0' <= t[0] && t[0] <= '9') ret += stoi(t);
        else ret += t[0]-'a'+10;
        if(i != s.size()-1) ret *= 16;
    }
    return ret;
}

vector<int> rgb(string s){
    vi ret;
    rep(i, 3){
        string t = s.substr(i*2, 2);
        ret.pb(toi(t));
    }
    return ret;
}

int main(){
    string  s;
    while(cin >> s, s!="0"){
        s = s.substr(1);
        vi c = rgb(s);
        int m = inf;
        int ans = 0;
        rep(i, 8){
            vi d = rgb(strength[i]);
            int ret = sqrt(pow(c[0]-d[0], 2)+pow(c[1]-d[1], 2)+pow(c[2]-d[2], 2));
            if(m > ret){ans = i; m = ret;}
        }
        cout << color[ans] << endl;
    }
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
#define REP(n) rep(i,n)
#define all(n) n.begin(),n.end()

const int FF = 255;

string name[] = {"black", "blue", "lime", "aqua", "red", "fuchsia", "yellow", "while"};
int R[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, FF, FF, FF, FF};
int G[] = { 0, 0, FF, FF, 0, 0, FF, FF};
int B[] = { 0, FF, 0, FF, 0, FF, 0, FF};

int num(char t)
{
    if(t >='0' && t <= '9') return t - '0';
    else return t - 'a' + 10;
}
int f(int n) { return n * n;}

int main()
{
    string s;
    while(cin >> s)
    {
        if(s == "0") break;

        int mind = FF * FF * 4, d = 0, ans = 0;
        REP(8)
        {
            d = f(R[i] -( num(s[1]) * 16 + num(s[2]) )) + f(G[i]-(num(s[3])*16+num(s[4]))) + f(B[i] - (num(s[5])*16 + num(s[6])));
            if(mind > d) { ans = i; mind = d;}
        }
        cout << name[ans] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}