Go: ///
// File:  0558.go
// Author: ymiyamoto
//
// Created on Sun Mar  4 20:58:45 2018
//
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type pos struct {
	x, y int
}

var H, W, N int
var graph [][]string

func wfs(p pos, index int) (int, pos) {
	var q []pos
	dists := make([][]int, H)
	for i := range dists {
		dists[i] = make([]int, W)
	}

	q = append(q, p)
	for len(q) > 0 {
		p := q[0]
		dist := dists[p.x][p.y]
		q = q[1:]

		for _, d := range []pos{{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}} {
			x := p.x + d.x
			y := p.y + d.y
			if 0 <= x && x < H && 0 <= y && y < W && graph[x][y] != "X" && dists[x][y] == 0 {
				dists[x][y] = dist + 1
				q = append(q, pos{x, y})
			}
		}
	}

	for i := range graph {
		for j := range graph[i] {
			if graph[i][j] == strconv.Itoa(index) {
				return dists[i][j], pos{i, j}
			}
		}
	}

	panic("not found")
}

func main() {
	fmt.Scan(&H, &W, &N)

	var start pos

	graph = make([][]string, H)
	for i := range graph {
		var s string
		fmt.Scan(&s)
		graph[i] = strings.Split(s, "")
		for j := range graph[i] {
			if graph[i][j] == "S" {
				start.x = i
				start.y = j
			}
		}
	}

	count := 0
	for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
		c, s := wfs(start, i)
		start = s
		count += c
	}

	fmt.Println(count)
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<utility>
using namespace std;
struct dir
{
	int x,y;
}dir[4]={{-1,0},{1,0},{0,-1},{0,1}};
char hole[1005][1005],factory[10][2];
int d[1005][1005],h,w;
typedef pair<int,int> P;
int bfs(const int &sx,const int &sy,const int &gx,const int &gy)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < w; j++)
		{
			d[i][j] = -1;
		}
	}
	//memset(d,-1,sizeof(d));
	queue<P> que;
	que.push(P(sx,sy));
	d[sx][sy]=0;
	while(que.size())
	{
		P p=que.front();
		que.pop();	
		if(p.first==gx&&p.second==gy)
		break;
		for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
		{
		int nx=p.first+dir[i].x;
		int ny=p.second+dir[i].y;
		if(nx>=0&&ny>=0&&nx<h&&ny<w&&hole[nx][ny]!='X'&&d[nx][ny]==-1)
		{
			d[nx][ny]=d[p.first][p.second]+1;
			que.push(P(nx,ny));
		}
		}
	}
	return d[gx][gy];
}
int main()
{
	int sx,sy,i,j,step=0,n;
	scanf("%d%d%d\n",&h,&w,&n);
	//cin>>h>>w>>n;
	for(i=0;i<h;i++,getchar())
		for(j=0;j<w;j++)
		{
			scanf("%c",&hole[i][j]);
			if(hole[i][j]=='S')
			{
				factory[0][0]=i;
				factory[0][1]=j;
				hole[i][j]='.';
			}
			if(isdigit(hole[i][j]))
			{
				int index=hole[i][j]-'0';
			factory[index][0]=i;
			factory[index][1]=j;
			}
		}
	for(i=0;i<n;i++)
	step+=bfs(factory[i][0],factory[i][1],factory[i+1][0],factory[i+1][1]);
	//cout<<step<<endl;
	printf("%d\n",step);
	return 0;
 }

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

#define ALL(co) co.begin(), co.end()
#define tpl(...) make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__)

typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<int, int> P; typedef pair<P, int> PI; typedef pair<P, P> PP;
typedef vector<int> Array; typedef vector<vector<int> > Array2;
typedef vector<LL> LArray; typedef vector<P> PArray; typedef vector<string> SArray;

const int INF = 1 << 29;
const LL LINF = 1LL << 60;

inline int getInt() { int itiv; return (cin >> itiv, itiv); }
template <typename T> void readAll(vector<T>& vec) { for (int i = 0, size = vec.size(); i < size; i++) cin >> vec[i]; }
template <typename T, typename U> void readAll(vector<pair<T, U> >& vec) { for (int i = 0, size = vec.size(); i < size; i++) cin >> vec[i].first >> vec[i].second; }
template < typename T > inline string toString( const T &a ){ ostringstream oss; oss << a; return oss.str(); };
inline bool between(int min, int max, int n) { return min <= n && n <= max; }
inline bool inRange(int begin, int end, int n) { return begin <= n && n < end; }
inline bool inRange(int size, int n) { return 0 <= n && n < size; }

int dx[] = { -1, 0, 1, 0 }, dy[] = { 0, -1, 0, 1 };
int dr[] = { 0, -1, 0, 1 }, dc[] = { -1, 0, 1, 0 };

int h, w, n;

int main(void)
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	while(cin >> h >> w >> n && n)
	{
		vector<vector<char> > stage(h, vector<char>(w));
		PArray goals(n + 1);
		for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < w; j++)
			{
				cin >> stage[i][j];
				if(stage[i][j] == 'S') goals[0] = P(i, j);
				int num = stage[i][j] - '0';
				if(inRange(n + 1, num)) goals[num] = P(i, j);
			}
		}

		int ans = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			P start = goals[i], goal = goals[i + 1];
			vector<vector<bool> > visited(h, vector<bool>(w));
			queue<PI> que;
			que.push(PI(start, 0));
			while (!que.empty())
			{
				PI pi = que.front(); que.pop();
				if(goal == pi.first)
				{
					ans += pi.second;
					break;
				}
				int r = pi.first.first, c = pi.first.second;
				if(visited[r][c]) continue;
				visited[r][c] = true;

				for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
				{
					int nr = r + dr[i], nc = c + dc[i];
					if(!inRange(h, nr) || !inRange(w, nc) || stage[nr][nc] == 'X') continue;
					que.push(PI(P(nr, nc), pi.second + 1));
				}
			}
		}
		cout << ans << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

#define reps(i,f,n) for(int i=f; i<int(n); ++i)
#define rep(i,n) reps(i,0,n)

struct Data
{
	int y, x, c;
	Data(int y, int x, int c) : y(y), x(x), c(c) {}
};

int main()
{
	int h, w, n;
	scanf("%d%d%d", &h, &w, &n);
	
	char field[1024][1024];
	int sy, sx;
	rep(i, h){
		scanf("%s", field[i]);
		rep(j, w){
			if(field[i][j] == 'S'){
				sy = i;
				sx = j;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	rep(i, n){
		bool visited[1000][1000] = {{false}};
		
		queue<Data> Q;
		Q.push(Data(sy, sx, 0));
		while(!Q.empty()){
			Data d = Q.front();
			Q.pop();
			if(field[d.y][d.x] == i+1+'0'){
				ans += d.c;
				sy = d.y;
				sx = d.x;
				break;
			}
			if(visited[d.y][d.x])
				continue;
			visited[d.y][d.x] = true;
			
			const int dy[] = {-1, 0, 0, 1};
			const int dx[] = {0, 1, -1, 0};
			rep(j, 4){
				int py = d.y + dy[j];
				int px = d.x + dx[j];
				if(py<0 || h<=py || px<0 || w<=px || field[py][px]=='X')
					continue;
				Q.push(Data(py, px, d.c+1));
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n", ans);
	
	return 0;
}