Go: // BFS

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"os"
		"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

var p = [15]int{}
var g = [13][4]int {
	// -1は存在しないマス目
	{2,-1,-1,-1},
	{2,5,-1,-1},{0,1,3,6},{2,7,-1,-1},
	{5,-1,-1,-1},{1,4,6,9},{2,5,7,10},{3,6,8,11},{7,-1,-1,-1},
	{5,10,-1,-1},{6,9,11,12},{7,10,-1,-1},
	{10,-1,-1,-1},
}

/*
　  ０ １ ２ ３ ４
 0 |／|／|  |／|／|
 1 |／|　|  |　|／|
 2 |　|　|  |　|　|
 3 |／|　|  |　|／|
 4 |／|／|  |／|／|
*/

var row = [13]int{0,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,4}
var col = [13]int{2,1,2,3,0,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,2}

type wolf struct {
	m [13]int
}

type pair struct {
	first wolf
	second int
}

func abs(a int) int {
	if a < 0 {
		return -a
	}
	return a
}

func print_board(board [13]int) {
	fmt.Println("--------------------------")
	fmt.Printf("        [%2d]\n", board[0])
	fmt.Printf("    [%2d][%2d][%2d]\n", board[1], board[2], board[3])
	fmt.Printf("[%2d][%2d][%2d][%2d][%2d]\n", board[4], board[5], board[6], board[7], board[8])
	fmt.Printf("    [%2d][%2d][%2d]\n", board[9], board[10], board[11])
	fmt.Printf("        [%2d]\n", board[12])
	fmt.Println("--------------------------")
}

func main() {
	for scanner.Scan() {
		p1, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
		if p1 == -1 {
			break
		}
		p[0]= p1
		scanner.Scan()
		buf1 := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), " ")
		p2, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf1[0])
		p3, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf1[1])
		p4, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf1[2])
		p[1], p[2], p[3] = p2, p3, p4
		scanner.Scan()
		buf2 := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), " ")
		p5, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[0])
		p6, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[1])
		p7, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[2])
		p8, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[3])
		p9, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf2[4])
		p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7], p[8] = p5, p6, p7, p8, p9
		scanner.Scan()
		buf3 := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), " ")
		p10, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf3[0])
		p11, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf3[1])
		p12, _ := strconv.Atoi(buf3[2])
		p[9], p[10], p[11] = p10, p11, p12
		scanner.Scan()
		p13, _ := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
		p[12] = p13
		S := make(map[wolf]struct{})
		st := wolf{}
		for i := 0; i < 13; i++ {
			st.m[i] = p[i]
		}
		Q := make([]pair, 0)
		S[st] = struct{}{}
		Q = append(Q, pair{st, 0})
		yet := true
		for len(Q) > 0 {
			at := Q[0].first
			print_board(at.m)
			cost := Q[0].second
			Q = Q[1:]
			ok := true
			for i :=1; i < 12; i++ {
				if at.m[i] != i {
					ok = false
				}
			}
			if ok {
				print_board(at.m)
				yet = false
				fmt.Println(cost)
				break
			}
			now := cost
			for i := 0; i < 13; i++ {
				if at.m[i] != 0 {
					now += abs(row[i]-row[at.m[i]]) + abs(col[i]-col[at.m[i]])
				}
			}
			if now > 20 {
				continue
			}
			for i := 0; i < 13; i++ {
				if at.m[i] == 0 {
					for j := 0; j < 4; j++ {
						if ^g[i][j] != 0 {
							at.m[i], at.m[g[i][j]] = at.m[g[i][j]], at.m[i]
							if _, ok := S[at]; !ok {
								S[at] = struct{}{}
								Q = append(Q, pair{at, cost+1})
							}
							at.m[i], at.m[g[i][j]] = at.m[g[i][j]], at.m[i]
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if yet {
			fmt.Println("NA")
		}
	}
}

C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
 
struct P {
    int y, x;
    P(int y, int x) : y{y}, x{x} {}
};
 
int limit;
vector<int> v;

constexpr int X[] = {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4};
constexpr int Y[] = {2, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2};
 
int getPos(P p)
{
    switch (p.y) {
        case 0:
            return (p.x == 2 ? 0 : -1);
        case 1:
            return (1 <= p.x && p.x <= 3 ? p.x : -1);
        case 2:
            return (p.x <= 4 ? p.x + 4 : -1); 
        case 3:
            return (1 <= p.x && p.x <= 3 ? p.x + 8 : -1);
        case 4:
            return (p.x == 2 ? 12 : -1);
    }
    return -1;
}
 
int getMD()
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++) {
        if (v[i] == 0) continue;
        P np{X[i], Y[i]};
        P tp{X[v[i]], Y[v[i]]};
        sum += abs(np.x - tp.x) + abs(np.y - tp.y);
    }
    return sum;
}
 
constexpr int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
constexpr int dy[] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
 
bool dfs(int* sp, int step)
{
    int md = getMD();
    if (md == 0) return 1;
    if (md + step > limit) {
        return 0;
    }
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        int x = X[sp[i]], y = Y[sp[i]];
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
            int nx = x + dx[j], ny = y + dy[j];
            P np{nx, ny};
            
            int next = getPos(np);
            if (next == -1) continue;
            
            int nsp1[] = {next, sp[1]}, nsp2[] = {sp[0], next};
            
            swap(v[sp[i]], v[next]);
            if (i == 0 && dfs(nsp1, step + 1)) {
                return 1;
            }
            if (i == 1 && dfs(nsp2, step + 1)) {
                return 1;
            }
            swap(v[sp[i]], v[next]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
 
int main()
{
    int x;
    while (cin >> x, x != -1) {
        int sp[2];
        v.resize(13); v[0] = x;
        for (int i = 1, j = 0; i < 13; i++) {
            cin >> v[i];
            if (v[i] == 0) {
                sp[j++] = i;
            }
        }

        bool found = 0;
        constexpr int LIMIT = 20;
        for (limit = 0; limit <= LIMIT; limit++) {
            if (dfs(sp, 0)) {
                cout << limit << endl;
                found = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            cout << "NA" << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

C++: #include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

string ans = "xxoxxxabcxdefghxijkxxxoxx";

class board{
public:
  int h,c;
  string s;
  board(int x,int y,string z){ h=x; c=y; s=z;}
  const bool operator<(const board x)const{return h+c>x.h+x.c; }
};

int score(string s){
  int res=0,m;
  for(int i=0;i<25;i++){
    if(s[i]!='x' && s[i]!='o'){
      for(int j=0;j<25;j++){
	if(s[i]==ans[j]){
	  m = abs(i/5-j/5) + abs(i%5-j%5);
	  break;
	}
      }
      res += m;
    }
  }
  return res;
}

char trans(int x){
  if(!x)return 'o';
  else return 'a'+x-1;
}

int main(){
  string s = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
  int tmp,cost;

  for(;;){
    cin >> tmp;
    if(tmp<0)break;

    s[2] = trans(tmp);
    for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
      cin >> tmp;
      s[6+i] = trans(tmp);
    }
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
      cin >> tmp;
      s[10+i] = trans(tmp);
    }
    for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
      cin >> tmp;
      s[16+i] = trans(tmp);
    }
    cin >> tmp;
    s[22] = trans(tmp);

    priority_queue<board> q;
    q.push(board(score(s),0,s));

    map<string,bool> m;
    while(q.size()){
      board p = q.top();q.pop();
      int dx[] = {-5,1,5,-1};

      cost = p.c;
      if(p.s == ans)break;
      if(p.h+cost>20){
	cost = 21;
	break;
      }

      m[p.s] = true;
      for(int i=0;i<25;i++){
	if(p.s[i]=='o'){
	  for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
	    int sx = i + dx[j];
	    if(sx<0 || 25<=sx)continue;
	    if(p.s[sx] == 'x' || p.s[sx] == 'o')continue;
	    string str = p.s;
	    swap(str[i],str[sx]);
	    if(!m[str])q.push(board(score(str),cost+1,str));
	  }
	}
      }
    }

    if(cost>20)cout << "NA\n";
    else cout << cost << endl;
  }
}