Go: ///
// File:  0558.go
// Author: ymiyamoto
//
// Created on Sun Mar  4 20:58:45 2018
//
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type pos struct {
	x, y int
}

var H, W, N int
var graph [][]string

func wfs(p pos, index int) (int, pos) {
	var q []pos
	dists := make([][]int, H)
	for i := range dists {
		dists[i] = make([]int, W)
	}

	q = append(q, p)
	for len(q) > 0 {
		p := q[0]
		dist := dists[p.x][p.y]
		q = q[1:]

		for _, d := range []pos{{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}} {
			x := p.x + d.x
			y := p.y + d.y
			if 0 <= x && x < H && 0 <= y && y < W && graph[x][y] != "X" && dists[x][y] == 0 {
				dists[x][y] = dist + 1
				q = append(q, pos{x, y})
			}
		}
	}

	for i := range graph {
		for j := range graph[i] {
			if graph[i][j] == strconv.Itoa(index) {
				return dists[i][j], pos{i, j}
			}
		}
	}

	panic("not found")
}

func main() {
	fmt.Scan(&H, &W, &N)

	var start pos

	graph = make([][]string, H)
	for i := range graph {
		var s string
		fmt.Scan(&s)
		graph[i] = strings.Split(s, "")
		for j := range graph[i] {
			if graph[i][j] == "S" {
				start.x = i
				start.y = j
			}
		}
	}

	count := 0
	for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
		c, s := wfs(start, i)
		start = s
		count += c
	}

	fmt.Println(count)
}

Python: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
http://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=0558
AC
"""
import sys
from sys import stdin
from collections import deque
input = stdin.readline
from collections import defaultdict

def bfs(field, sx, sy, gx, gy):
    """
    ??????????????°???????????´????????°????????§????????¢????±???????
    :param field:
    :param sx: ??????????????°????????§?¨?
    :param sy:
    :param gx: ??´????????°????????§?¨?
    :param gy:
    :return: ????????????????????´???????????§????????¢
    """
    # ????????????????§????????????´????????§?¨?????????????
    dy = [-1, 1, 0, 0]
    dx = [0, 0, -1, 1]

    # ??°???????????????(?§????????????£????????????????????????????????§??????????????¨)
    Y = len(field)
    X = len(field[0])
    # d = [[float('inf')] * X for _ in range(Y)] #  ??????????????°?????????????????¢???INF??§?????????
    d = defaultdict(int)

    # ???????????????????????????????????°???????????´????????°????????§????????¢????±???????
    Q = deque()
    Q.append((sx, sy))
    d['{:04d}{:04d}'.format(sy, sx)] = 0               #  ??????????????°??????????????????0
    while Q:
        cx, cy = Q.popleft()        #  ?????¨??°?????§?¨?
        if cx == gx and cy == gy:
            break
        for i in range(4):
            nx = cx + dx[i]
            ny = cy + dy[i]
            # ?§?????????? ??°????????????????????????????????? and ?£?????????£???????????? and ??¢?????¢?´¢?????§?????? ??´???
            if (0 <= nx < X) and (0 <= ny < Y) and field[ny][nx] != 'X' and '{:04d}{:04d}'.format(ny, nx) not in d:
                Q.append((nx, ny))
                d['{:04d}{:04d}'.format(ny, nx)] = d['{:04d}{:04d}'.format(cy, cx)] + 1
    return d['{:04d}{:04d}'.format(gy, gx)]


def solve(field, N):
    # ??????????????°???(S)??¨??´????????°???(N)?????????
    pos = [[None, None] for _ in range(N+1)]
    for y, row in enumerate(field):
        for mark in 'S123456789':
            if mark in row:
                if mark == 'S':
                    pos[0] = [row.index(mark), y]
                else:
                    pos[int(mark)] = [row.index(mark), y]

    total_move = 0
    start = pos[0]
    for goal in pos[1:]:
        sx, sy = start
        gx, gy = goal
        res = bfs(field, sx, sy, gx, gy)
        # print('From: ({}, {}) -> To: ({}, {}), step: {}'.format(sx, sy, gx, gy, res))
        # print('min move: {}'.format(abs(sx-gx) + abs(sy-gy)))
        total_move += res
        start = goal

    return total_move


def main(args):
    # N = 9
    # data = [
    #     '.X...X.S.X',
    #     '6..5X..X1X',
    #     '...XXXX..X',
    #     'X..9X...X.',
    #     '8.X2X..X3X',
    #     '...XX.X4..',
    #     'XX....7X..',
    #     'X..X..XX..',
    #     'X...X.XX..',
    #     '..X.......'
    # ]
    H, W, N = map(int, input().split())
    data = [input().strip('\n') for _ in range(H)]
    field = [list(x) for x in data] #  data????????????????????????????????????????????????
    result = solve(field, N)
    print(result)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv[1:])

Python: from collections import deque

def getStart(field):
    search_field = field[1:]     # cut the first [H,W,N] for min_path matrix
    for y in range(len(search_field)):
        for x in range(len(search_field[0])):
            if search_field[y][x] == "S":
                return x,y+1


def bfs(field,start_x,start_y,goal_N):
    direction = [[-1,0],[1,0],[0,-1],[0,1]]
    gotten_cheese = 1
    distance = 0
    que = []
    que.append([start_x,start_y])
    INF = 1000000
    min_path = [[INF] * field[0][1] for i in range(field[0][0])]
    min_path[start_y-1][start_x] = 0
    while len(que) != 0:
        current = que.pop(0)
        for d in direction:
            nx = current[0] + d[0]
            ny = current[1] + d[1]
            if 0 <= nx < field[0][1] and 1 <= ny < field[0][0]+1 and field[ny][nx] != "X" and min_path[ny-1][nx] == INF:
                min_path[ny-1][nx] = min_path[current[1]-1][current[0]] + 1
                if field[ny][nx] == gotten_cheese: # at the same cheese-power number
                    distance += min_path[ny-1][nx]
                    if field[ny][nx] == goal_N: # goal
                        print(distance)
                        return
                    else: # not goal, but could eat cheese
                        que = []
                        que.append([nx,ny])
                        gotten_cheese += 1
                        min_path = [[INF] * field[0][1] for i in range(field[0][0])]
                        min_path[ny-1][nx] = 0
                        break
                else:
                    que.append([nx,ny])


def main(field):
    sx,sy = getStart(field)
    bfs(field,sx,sy,field[0][2])

# field = [[10,10,9],
# [".","X",".",".",".","X",".","S",".","X"],
# [6,".",".",5,"X",".",".","X",1,"X"],
# [".",".",".","X","X","X","X",".",".","X"],
# ["X",".",".",9,"X",".",".",".","X","."],
# [8,".","X",2,"X",".",".","X",3,"X"],
# [".",".",".","X","X",".","X",4,".","."],
# ["X","X",".",".",".",".",7,"X",".","."],
# ["X",".",".","X",".",".","X","X",".","."],
# ["X",".",".",".","X",".","X","X",".","."],
# [".",".","X",".",".",".",".",".",".","."]]
#
# main(field)

matrix = []
while True:
    row = input().rstrip().split()
    if len(row) == 3:
        re_row = []
        for i in row:
            re_row.append(int(i))
        matrix.append(re_row)
    else:
        re_row = []
        for char in row[0]:
            if char.isdigit():
                re_row.append(int(char))
            else:
                re_row.append(char)
        matrix.append(re_row)
    if len(matrix) == int(matrix[0][0]) + 1:
        main(matrix)
        break

Python: from collections import deque

H, W, N = map(int, input().split())
field = [list(input()) for i in range(H)]
us = [str(i) for i in range(N, 0, -1)]
queue = deque([])
dx = [1,0,-1,0]
dy = [0,1,0,-1]

def search():
	global flag
	global us
	global count
	global queue

	while queue:
		x, y, c = queue.popleft()
		
		if (field[y][x] == us[-1]):
			flag = True
			if (us[-1] == str(N)):
				print(c)
				exit()
			us.pop()
			queue.clear()
			queue.append([x, y, c])
			return
	
		for q in range(4):
			nx = x + dx[q]
			ny = y + dy[q]
			if (nx >= 0 and nx <= W-1) and (ny >= 0 and ny <= H-1) and ([nx,ny] not in queue) and (field[ny][nx] != 'X') and (field[ny][nx] != 'S'):
				queue.append([nx, ny, c+1])


bf = False
for i in range(H):
	for j in range(W):
		if field[i][j] == 'S':
			c = 0
			queue.append([j, i, c])
			bf = True
			break
	if (bf):
		break

while 1:
	flag = False
	search()