下列是压缩格式和相关編解碼器的列表：

音频编解码

非压缩 

 脉冲编码调制（Pulse-code modulation，简称PCM）是一种非压缩的音频编码格式。此格式是CD-DA的标准。在计算机中，使用 PCM 编码的音频可以直接以 储存。不过它们通常会被储存在容器中，如WAV、AIFF、AU等（但在技术上这并不是必须的）。注意，有时 PCM 和 LPCM 都被笼统的称作 PCM，但实际上它们相似却不相同。
 线性脉冲编码调制（Linear pulse-code modulation，简称LPCM）是一种非压缩的音频编码格式。这是一个 PCM 的变种。
 脉冲密度调制（Pulse-density modulation，简称PDM）是一种非压缩的音频编码格式。
 脉冲强度调制（Pulse-Amplitude Modulation，简称PAM）是一种非压缩的音频编码格式。

无损压缩 
 Apple Lossless Audio Codec（ALAC）
 Direct Stream Transfer（DST）
 Dolby TrueHD – Optional lossless surround sound format used by HD DVD and Blu-ray, it uses MLP but adds higher sample rates, bit rates, and more channels
 DTS-HD Master Audio – Optional lossless surround sound format used by HD DVD and Blu-ray, it was previously known as DTS++ and DTS-HD
 Free Lossless Audio Codec（FLAC）
 Lossless Audio（LA）
 Lossless Predictive Audio Compression（LPAC）
 Lossless Transform Audio Compression（LTAC）
 MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding（MPEG-4 ALS）
 MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coding - Scalable to lossless（AAC-SLS, also known as HD-AAC）
 Meridian Lossless Packing（MLP）,also known as Packed PCM(PPCM), it is the standard lossless compression method for DVD-Audio content
 Monkey's Audio（APE）
 OptimFROG（OFR）
 RealAudio Lossless
 RK Audio（RKAU）
 Shorten（SHN）
 True Audio（TTA）
 WavPack（WV）
 Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless（WMALossless）

有损压缩

通用 
 Adaptive Differential（or Delta）pulse-code modulation（ADPCM,見脉冲编码调制）
 ADX
 Adaptive Rate-Distortion Optimised sound codeR（ARDOR）
 Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding（ATRAC,使用於MiniDisc裝置）
 Dolby Digital（A/52, AC3）
 DTS Coherent Acoustics（DTS, Digital Theatre System Coherent Acoustics）
 Impala FORscene audio codec
 ITU standards:
 G.719
 G.722
 G.722.1
 G.722.1 Annex C
 MPEG audio
 layer-1（MP1）
 layer-2（MP2，MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)
 layer-3（MP3，MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)
 Advanced Audio Coding（AAC, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4）
 HE-AAC
 Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise（HILN, MPEG-4 Parametric Audio Coding）
 Musepack
 Perceptual Audio Coding
 QDesign
 TwinVQ
 Vorbis
 Windows Media Audio（WMA）

人声（低比特率；为人声优化） 

 Advanced Multi-Band Excitation（AMBE）
 Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction（ACELP）
 Code Excited Linear Prediction（CELP）
 Continuously variable slope delta modulation（CVSD）
 Dialogic ADPCM（VOX）
 Digital Speech Standard（DSS）
 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec（EVRC）
 FS-1015（LPC-10）
 FS-1016（CELP）
 ITU standards:
 G.711（a-law and μ-law）
 G.718
 G.719
 G.721（superseded by G.726）
 G.722
 G.722.1
 G.722.2（AMR-WB）
 G.723（24 and 40 kbit/s DPCM, extension to G.721, superseded by G.726）
 G.723.1（MPC-MLQ or ACELP）
 G.726（ADPCM）
 G.728（LD-CELP）
 G.729（CS-ACELP）
 G.729a
 G.729.1
 GSM codecs:
 Full Rate
 Half Rate
 Enhanced Full Rate
 Adaptive Multi-Rate（AMR）
 AMR-NB
 AMR-WB
 AMR-WB+
 Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding（HVXC）
 Internet Low Bit Rate Codec（iLBC）
 Improved Multi-Band Excitation（IMBE）
 internet Speech Audio Codec（iSAC）
 Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction（MELP）
 QCELP
 Relaxed Code Excited Linear Prediction（RCELP）
 RTAudio - used by Microsoft Live Communication Server
 Selectable Mode Vocoder（SMV）
 Speex, patent free
 Triple Rate CODER（TRC）-used in some pocket recorders.
 Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction（VSELP）

文字
 BiM
 Continuous Media Markup Language (CMML)
 MPEG-4 Part 17 (e.g. 3GPP Timed Text)
 Ogg Kate
 Ogg Writ
 ttyrec

視訊

无损压缩

 Alpary
 Animation (qtrle)
 QuickTime
 FFmpeg
 ArithYuv
 AVIzlib
 LCL (VfW codec) MSZH and ZLIB 
 FFmpeg
 CamStudio GZIP/LZO
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 Dirac lossless
 libdirac
 libschroedinger
 GStreamer
 FFmpeg
 FastCodec
 FFV1 FFV1's compression factor is comparable to Motion JPEG 2000, but based on quicker algorithms (allows real-time capture). Written by Michael Niedermayer and published as part of FFmpeg under to GNU LGPL.
 FFmpeg
 H.264 lossless
 x264 (encoder only)
 FFmpeg (decoder only, uses x264 for encoding)
 Huffyuv  Huffyuv (or HuffYUV) was written by Ben Rudiak-Gould and published under the terms of the GNU GPL as free software, meant to replace uncompressed YCbCr as a video capture format.  It uses very little cpu but takes a lot of disk space.
 FFmpeg
 JPEG 2000 lossless
 libopenjpeg
 Lagarith  A more up-to-date fork of Huffyuv is available as Lagarith.
 Lagarith Codec (VfW codec)
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 LOCO
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 LZO
 MSU Lossless Video Codec
 PNG
 CorePNG
 FFmpeg
 ScreenPressor
 SheerVideo
 Snow lossless
 FFmpeg
 TechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 Ut Video 
 FFmpeg
 VMNC
 YULS
 ZMBV  (Zip Motion Block Video) Codec
 FFmpeg
 ZRLE used by VNC
 Blackmagic codec

有损压缩

一般
 Apple Intermediate Codec
 Audio Video Standard (AVS)
 OpenAVS
 FFmpeg (decoding only)
 Bink Video, Smacker video
 FFmpeg
 libavcodec
 Blackbird FORscene video codec
 Cinepak
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 Dirac
 Schrödinger
 dirac-research
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 Firebird  Original FORscene video codec
 H.261
 FFmpeg H.261 (libavcodec)
 MPEG-1 Part 2 (MPEG-1 Video)
 Cinema Craft Encoder
 Elecard MPEG-1 Decoder/Encoder
 FFmpeg
 MainConcept MPEG-1
 TMPGEnc
 H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 (MPEG-2 Video)
 Canopus ProCoder
 Cinema Craft Encoder
 Elecard MPEG-2 Video Decoder/Encoder
 FFmpeg
 InterVideo Video Decoder
 MainConcept MPEG-2
 TMPGEnc
 H.263
 FFmpeg H.263 (libavcodec)
 MPEG-4 Part 2 (MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile)
 3ivx
 DivX
 Elecard MPEG-4 Decoder/Encoder
 libavcodec
 HDX4
 Nero Digital
 Xvid
 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC or MPEG-4 Part 10 (MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding), approved for Blu-ray
 CoreAVC
 Elecard AVC Decoder/Encoder
 MainConcept
 Nero Digital
 QuickTime H.264
 Sorenson AVC Pro codec, Sorenson's new implementation
 x264 (encoder only)
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 HEVC
 x265 (encoder only)
 HomerHEVC (encoder only) A HEVC video encoder under LGPL license.
 Indeo 3/4/5
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 OMS Video
 On2 Technologies TrueMotion VP3/VP4, VP5, VP6, VP7, VP8; under the name The Duck Corporation: TrueMotion S, TrueMotion 2
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 Pixlet
 RealVideo
 FFmpeg
 Snow Wavelet Codec
 Sorenson Video, Sorenson Spark
 FFmpeg
 Tarkin
 Theora
 FFmpeg (decoding only)
 libtheora
 VC-1 (SMPTE standard, subset of Windows Media Video)
 FFmpeg (decoder only)
 VP9 by Google
 Windows Media Video (WMV)
 WAX (Part of the Windows Media Series)
 FFmpeg

Intra-only

 MJPEG
 FFmpeg
 Morgan Multimedia M-JPEG
 Pegasus PICVideo M-JPEG
 MainConcept M-JPEG
 JPEG 2000 intra frame video codec
 libopenjpeg
 FFmpeg (experimental)
 Apple ProRes 422/4444
 FFmpeg
 AVC-Intra
 FFmpeg
 DV
 FFmpeg
 VC-2 SMPTE standard (a.k.a. Dirac Pro)
 Schrödinger
 dirac-research
 VC-3 SMPTE standard
 Avid DNxHD
 FFmpeg
 GoPro CineForm
 REDCODE RAW - used by Red cameras
 Grass Valley Codec

參考資料

外部連結 
 Subjective codec comparison
 Audio formats comparison , a look at six lossless formats and five lossy formats.
 http://www.fourcc.org/codecs.php , list of codec four digit codes（like DIV3, XVID, ...）
 Interactive blind listening tests of audio codecs over the internet 
 http://mediainfo.sourceforge.net/en/Support/Formats  ,List of different audio codecs and meta-data by them