Microsoft Message Queuing或MSMQ微软公司实现的一种消息队列，始于Windows NT 4与Windows 95。Windows Server 2016与Windows 10仍然包含这种组件。1999年起，Microsoft Embedded平台以及Windows CE 3.0也开始支持这一组件。

简介

MSMQ作为一种消息协议，允许多服务器/多进程通信，即使不总是保持互联。而sockets与其他网络协议要求直连总是成立。 

MSMQ从1997年开始可用。

MSMQ是可靠分发消息。分发失败的消息保存在队列中直到目标可达时重发该消息。还支持安全与优先级的消息机制。可以创建用于调试。

MSMQ支持可持续性与不可持续性消息，使得性能与消息是否写到磁盘的一致性上可以权衡。不可持续性消息只能用于向非事务性队列发送快速消息。 

MSMQ支持事务处理。允许多个动作发给多个队列中包装为单个事务。微软分布式事务协调器 (MSDTC) 支持对MSMQ或其他资源的事务访问。 

MSMQ使用下述端口:
 TCP: 1801
 RPC: 135, 2101*, 2103*, 2105*
 UDP: 3527, 1801
 这些端口可能增加11，如果RPC端口的初始选择被使用。端口135用于查询2xxx端口。

版本历史
 Version 1.0 (1997年5月). 支持Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0 SP3, Windows 98 与 Windows Me. 
 Version 2.0, 包含在Windows 2000中.
 新特性包括: Support for registering public message queues in Active Directory, 128-bit encryption and digital certificate support, full COM support for message properties (achieving functional parity with the Win32 API function calls, full DNS path name support, improved performance in multi-threaded applications.
 Version 3.0, 包含在Windows XP (专业版, 非家庭版) 与 Windows Server 2003.
 新特性包括: Internet Messaging (referencing queues via HTTP, SOAP-formatted messages, MSMQ support for Internet Information Services), queue aliases, multicasting of messages, and additional support for programmatic maintenance and administration of queues and MSMQ itself.
 Version 4.0, 包含在Windows Vista与Windows Server 2008.
 新特性包括: Subqueues, improved support for "poison messages" (messages which continually fail to be processed correctly by the receiver), and support for transactional receives of messages from a remote queue.
 Version 5.0, 包含在Windows 7 与 Windows Server 2008 R2.
 新特性包括: support for Secure Hash Algorithm 2.0 (SHA2) and all advanced hash algorithms that are supported in Windows 2008 R2; by default, weaker hash algorithms are disabled.
 Version 6.0, 包含在Windows 8 与 Windows Server 2012.
 Version 6.3, 包含在 Windows 8.1 与 Windows Server 2012 R2.

使用 
C#例子：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Messaging;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test
{
    public class QueueManger
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建MSMQ队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="queuePath">队列路径</param>
        /// <param name="transactional">是否事务队列</param>
        public static void Createqueue(string queuePath, bool transactional = false)
        {
            try
            {
                //判断队列是否存在
                if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queuePath))
                {
                    MessageQueue.Create(queuePath);
                    Console.WriteLine(queuePath + "已成功创建！");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(queuePath + "已经存在！");
                }
            }
            catch (MessageQueueException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 删除队列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="queuePath"></param>
        public static void Deletequeue(string queuePath)
        {
            try
            {
                //判断队列是否存在
                if (MessageQueue.Exists(queuePath))
                {
                    MessageQueue.Delete(@".\private$\myQueue");
                    Console.WriteLine(queuePath + "已删除！");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(queuePath + "不存在！");
                }
            }
            catch (MessageQueueException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">用户数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="target">用户数据</param>
        /// <param name="queuePath">队列名称</param>
        /// <param name="tran"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool SendMessage<T>(T target, string queuePath, MessageQueueTransaction tran = null)
        {
            try
            {
                //连接到本地的队列
                MessageQueue myQueue = new MessageQueue(queuePath);
                System.Messaging.Message myMessage = new System.Messaging.Message();
                myMessage.Body = target;
                myMessage.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
                //发送消息到队列中
                if (tran == null)
                {
                    myQueue.Send(myMessage);
                }
                else
                {
                    myQueue.Send(myMessage, tran);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("消息已成功发送到"+queuePath + "队列！");
                return true;
            }
            catch (ArgumentException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                return false;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">用户的数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="queuePath">消息路径</param>
        /// <returns>用户填充在消息当中的数据</returns>
        public static T ReceiveMessage<T>(string queuePath,MessageQueueTransaction tran=null)
        {
            //连接到本地队列
            MessageQueue myQueue = new MessageQueue(queuePath);
            myQueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
            try
            {
                //从队列中接收消息
                System.Messaging.Message myMessage = tran == null ? myQueue.Receive() : myQueue.Receive(tran);
                return (T)myMessage.Body; //获取消息的内容
            }
            catch (MessageQueueException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            return default(T);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 采用Peek方法接收消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">用户数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="queuePath">队列路径</param>
        /// <returns>用户数据</returns>
        public static T ReceiveMessageByPeek<T>(string queuePath)
        {
            //连接到本地队列
            MessageQueue myQueue = new MessageQueue(queuePath);
            myQueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
            try
            {
                //从队列中接收消息
                System.Messaging.Message myMessage = myQueue.Peek();
                return (T)myMessage.Body; //获取消息的内容
            }
            catch (MessageQueueException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            return default(T);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取队列中的所有消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">用户数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="queuePath">队列路径</param>
        /// <returns>用户数据集合</returns>
        public static List<T> GetAllMessage<T>(string queuePath)
        {
            MessageQueue myQueue = new MessageQueue(queuePath);
            myQueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] { typeof(T) });
            try
            {
                Message[] msgArr=  myQueue.GetAllMessages();
                List<T> list=new List<T>();
                msgArr.ToList().ForEach((o) => 
                {
                    list.Add((T)o.Body);
                });
                return list;
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

namespace Test
{
    public class Student
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public int Age { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Test
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string queuepath = @".\private$\myQueue";
            //QueueManger.Createqueue(queuepath);
            //Student stu = new Student() { Name="shaoshun",Age=18};
            //QueueManger.SendMessage<Student>(stu, queuepath);
            //Student stu=  QueueManger.ReceiveMessageByPeek<Student>(queuepath);
            //Student stu = QueueManger.ReceiveMessage<Student>(queuepath);
            //Console.WriteLine(stu.Name);

            QueueManger.Deletequeue(queuepath);
            QueueManger.Createqueue(queuepath);
            MessageQueueTransaction tran = new MessageQueueTransaction();
            tran.Begin();
            try
            {
                Student stu;
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                {
                    stu=new Student(){Name="shaoshun"+i,Age=i};
                    QueueManger.SendMessage<Student>(stu, queuepath, tran);
                    if (i == 3)
                    {
                        throw new Exception();
                    }
                }
                tran.Commit();
            }
            catch
            {
                tran.Abort();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

C语言调用Windows API例子：
#include "windows.h"  
#include "mq.h"  
#include "tchar.h"  
#define BUFLEN = 256 ;  
  
HRESULT CreateMSMQQueue(  
                        LPWSTR wszPathName,   
                        PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSecurityDescriptor,  
                        LPWSTR wszOutFormatName,  
                        DWORD *pdwOutFormatNameLength  
                        )  
{  
  
  // Define the maximum number of queue properties.  
  const int NUMBEROFPROPERTIES = 2;  
  
  // Define a queue property structure and the structures needed to initialize it.  
  MQQUEUEPROPS   QueueProps;  
  MQPROPVARIANT  aQueuePropVar[NUMBEROFPROPERTIES];  
  QUEUEPROPID    aQueuePropId[NUMBEROFPROPERTIES];  
  HRESULT        aQueueStatus[NUMBEROFPROPERTIES];  
  HRESULT        hr = MQ_OK;  
  
  // Validate the input parameters.  
  if (wszPathName == NULL || wszOutFormatName == NULL || pdwOutFormatNameLength == NULL)  
  {  
    return MQ_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;  
  }  
  
  // Set queue properties.  
  DWORD cPropId = 0;  
  aQueuePropId[cPropId] = PROPID_Q_PATHNAME;  
  aQueuePropVar[cPropId].vt = VT_LPWSTR;  
  aQueuePropVar[cPropId].pwszVal = wszPathName;  
  cPropId++;  
  
  WCHAR wszLabel[MQ_MAX_Q_LABEL_LEN] = L"Test Queue";  
  aQueuePropId[cPropId] = PROPID_Q_LABEL;  
  aQueuePropVar[cPropId].vt = VT_LPWSTR;  
  aQueuePropVar[cPropId].pwszVal = wszLabel;  
  cPropId++;  
  
  // Initialize the MQQUEUEPROPS structure.  
  QueueProps.cProp = cPropId;               // Number of properties  
  QueueProps.aPropID = aQueuePropId;        // IDs of the queue properties  
  QueueProps.aPropVar = aQueuePropVar;      // Values of the queue properties  
  QueueProps.aStatus = aQueueStatus;        // Pointer to the return status  
  
  // Call MQCreateQueue to create the queue.  
  WCHAR wszFormatNameBuffer[BUFLEN];  
  DWORD dwFormatNameBufferLength = BUFLEN;  
  hr = MQCreateQueue(pSecurityDescriptor,         // Security descriptor  
                     &QueueProps,                 // Address of queue property structure  
                     wszFormatNameBuffer,         // Pointer to format name buffer  
                     &dwFormatNameBufferLength);  // Pointer to receive the queue's format name length in Unicode characters not bytes.  
  
  // Return the format name if the queue is created successfully.  
  if (hr == MQ_OK || hr == MQ_INFORMATION_PROPERTY)  
  {  
    if (*pdwOutFormatNameLength >= dwFormatNameBufferLength)  
    {  
      wcsncpy_s(wszOutFormatName, *pdwOutFormatNameLength - 1, wszFormatNameBuffer, _TRUNCATE);  
      // ************************************  
      // You must copy wszFormatNameBuffer into the   
      // wszOutFormatName buffer.  
      // ************************************  
      wszOutFormatName[*pdwOutFormatNameLength - 1] = L'\0';  
      *pdwOutFormatNameLength = dwFormatNameBufferLength;  
    }  
    else  
    {  
      wprintf(L"The queue was created, but its format name cannot be returned.\n");  
    }  
  }  
  return hr;  
}

参见

参考文献

外部链接
 MSDN documentation 

 
Windows组件