本条目是一个经过重命名的俄罗斯城镇列表。

背景 
城镇重命名的历史原因包括：

 十月革命前，一些城市以沙皇或皇室成员（主要是皇后）之名为城市命名，从而导致地区更名，如亚美尼亚古城久姆里于1837年更名为亚历山德罗波尔，以纪念沙皇尼古拉一世的妻子普鲁士的夏洛特公主表示敬意，因为她在皈依了东正教后改名为“亚历山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜”；也有城市以皇室之外的名人来命名，这些人多是为沙俄开拓疆土的冒险家与征服者，如以哈巴罗夫命名的哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）；此外，俄国边疆地区的一些城市的改名则有彰显沙俄边疆，控制该地的意味，如海参崴于1862年被更名为符拉迪沃斯托克（控制东方）；

 俄国西部的一些以德语命名或拼读的城市被改成更俄罗斯化的名字，如1914年，按德语拼读的首都圣彼得堡被改为彼得格勒；
 1917年十月革命后，苏俄境内原本有皇室和俄罗斯沙文主义色彩的城市被改为更有革命性、人民性和民族性的名称，如“皇村”被1918年更名为“儿童村”（今普希金市），库班地区的叶卡捷琳诺达尔1920年更名为克拉斯诺达尔（红色城市），乌克兰的亚历山大罗夫斯克于1921年改为乌克兰传统地名扎波罗热；此外，波罗的海三国和波兰在十月革命后自俄国独立，对本国的俄语地名进行了民族化，这些地名在三国被苏联吞并后仍被保留下来，如爱沙尼亚的列韦里被更改为塔林；
 十月革命后，俄国城市更名潮中也有以人名命名的，但在列宁逝世前，被命名的人物多为历史人物与烈士，以当代领袖命名的只有以托洛茨基命名的托洛茨克。在此之后，大量苏联城市开始被以领导人的名字来命名，并且因为政治原因，一人命数城和一城历数名现象屡见不鲜；
 1946年，原属德国的东普鲁士北部地区（柯尼斯堡）成为俄罗斯的加里宁格勒州，原来的德國式地名被更改为俄羅斯式地名，参见东普鲁士城镇列表 
 二战后苏联从日本手中夺取南萨哈林岛和千岛群岛，当地的日本式地名被改为俄羅斯式地名。 
 中苏边界冲突后的1972 - 1973年，远东地区原有的中國式地名被更改为俄羅斯式地名。
 1991年苏联解体后，原苏联地区再次掀起了一波更名潮，这次一般是恢复原名。

列表 
在下表中，重命名的年份标注于新名称后的括号中。
阿賓斯基 → 阿賓斯克 (1963)
阿迪蓋斯基 (1969) → 捷烏切日斯克 (1976) → 阿迪格斯克 (1992)
阿克賽斯蓋亞 → 阿克賽 (1957)
亞歷山德亞 (1838) → 達霍夫斯基 (1864) → 達霍夫斯基波薩德 (1874) → 索契 (1896)
亞歷山德羅夫斯克 (1896) → 波利亞爾內 (1939)
亞歷山德羅夫斯克卡亞 → 亞歷山德羅夫卡 → 亞歷山德羅夫斯基 (1917) → 落石 (1918) → 薩哈林島亞歷山德羅夫斯克 (1926)
阿列克山德羅夫斯克 (1860) → 阿列克山德羅夫卡(1926) → 克拉斯諾帕蒂贊斯克 (1931) → 古比雪夫卡-伏爾斯托克斯那亞 (1936) → 別洛戈爾斯克 (1957)
Alexeyevsk (1912) → Svobodny (1917)
Almetyevo → Almetyevsk
Antrea → Kamennogorsk (1948)
Apsheronskaya (1863) → Apsheronsk (1947)
Armyansky Aul (1839) → Armavir (1848)
Arzamas-16 (1946) → Kremlyov (1991) → Sarov (1995)
Astapovo → Lev Tolstoy (1918)
Balanda → Kalininsk (1962)
Bashanta → Gorodovikovsk (1971)
Batalpashinkaya (1804) → Batalpashinsk (1931) → Sulimov (1934) → Yezhovo-Cherkessk (1937) → Cherkessk (1939)
Beloozero (862) → Belozersk (1777)
Belorechenskaya (1863) → Belorechensk (1958)
Beloretsk → Mezhgorye (1995)
Belotsarsk (1914) → Khem-Beldyr (1918) → Kyzyl (1926)
Bikinskaya → Bikin
Biryuch (1905) → Budyonny (1919) → Krasnogvardeyskoye (1958) → Biryuch (2007)
Bobriki → Donskoy
Bobriki → Stalinogorsk (1934) → Novomoskovsk (1961)
Bogdanovo → Spassk → Bednodemyanovsk (1925) → Spassk (2005)
Bolokhovsky → Bolokhovo
Bondyuzhsk (1885) → Bondyuzhsky (1928) → Mendeleyevsk (1967)
Borovskaya Sloboda → Bor (1938)
Beryozovskoye (Björkö) → Koivisto → Primorsk (1948)
Chegem Pervy → Chegem
Chembar → Belinsky (1948)
Chertanla → Novyy Uzen' (1835) → Novouzensk
Chesnokovka → Novoaltaysk (1962)
Chelyabinsk-40 (1945) → Chelyabinsk-65 → Ozyorsk (1994)
Chelyabinsk-70 → Snezhinsk (1991)
Chibyu (1929) → Ukhta (1939)
Chinnay → Krasnogorsk
Cranz → Zelenogradsk (1945)
Dalles (1924) → Lesozavodsk (1932)
Darkehmen → Angerapp (1938) → Ozyorsk (1945)
Derbinskoye (1880) → Tymovskoye (1945)
Dmitriyev → Dmitriyev-na-Svape → Dmitriyev
Dmitrovka (1711) → Dmitrovsk → Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky (1929) → Dmitrovsk (2005)
Dokshukino (1913) → Nartkala (1967)
Dolgoprudny → Dirizhablstroy → Dolgoprudny
Dvigatelstroy → Kaspiysk (1947)
Dzerzhinsky → Sorsk (1966)
Elektroperedacha → Elektrogorsk (1946)
Enso (1887) → Svetogorsk (1948)
Esutoru → Uglegorsk (1946)
Fischhausen → Primorsk (1946)
Friedland → Pravdinsk (1946)
Galkino-Vrasskoye (1884) → Ochiai (1905) → Dolinsk (1946)
Goly Karamysh → Baltser → Krasnoarmeysk (1942)
Gorodetsk → Bezhetsk (1766)
Gorodok → Zakamensk (1959)
Grushyovskaya → Gornoye Grushyovskoye → Alexandrovsk-Grushyovsky → Shakhty (1921)
Gukovsky → Gukovo
Gumbinnen → Gusev
Gundorovka (1681) → Donetsk (1955)
Gzhatsk (1718) → Gagarin (1968)
Heiliegenbeil → Mamonovo (1945)
Heinrichswalde → Slavsk
Iletskaya Zashchita → Iletsk → Iletskoye → Iletskaya Zashchita → Sol-Iletsk
Iman (1859) → Dalnerechensk (1972)
Insterburg → Chernyakhovsk (1946)
Ivanovo-Voznesensk → Ivanovo
Izhevsky Zavod (1760) → Izhevsk (1807) → Ustinov (1984) → Izhevsk (1987)
Izhma (1939) → Sosnogorsk (1957)
Kainsk (1772) → Kuybyshev (1935)
Kalata (1675) → Kirovgrad (1932)
Kaliningrad (1938) → Korolyov (1996)
Kamen → Kamen-na-Obi
Kamenskaya → Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
Kamensky Zavod → Kamensk-Uralsky
Kamyshin (1667) → Dmitriyevsk (1710) → Kamyshin (1780)
Kasivabora → Severo-Kurilsk
Khabarovka → Khabarovsk
Kharovsky → Kharovsk
Khibinogorsk → Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast
Khlynov → Vyatka → Kirov
Khonto (1789) → Nevelsk (1947)
Khotchino → Gatchina → Trotsk (1923) → Krasnogvardeysk (1929) → Gatchina (1944)
Khrushchyovskaya → Uzlovaya
Kiyskoye → Mariinsk (1856)
Kodinsky → Kodinsk
Kolchugino (1763) → Lenino (1922) → Leninsk-Kuznetsky (1925)
Komsomolsky (1962) → Yugorsk (1992)
Korela → Keksgolm → Priozersk (1948)
Korsakovsky Post → Otomari → Korsakov
Kozlov (1635) → Michurinsk (1932)
Königsberg → Kaliningrad (1946)
Krasnaya Sloboda → Krasnoslobodsk
Krasnoflotsky → Krasnoarmeysky → Krasnoarmeysk
Krasnoyarsk-26 → Zheleznogorsk
Kremlyov → Sarov (1995)
Krestov Brod (1916) → Roshal (1917)
Kseniyevsky (1896) → Asino (1930)
Kudelka (1889) → Asbest (1928)
Kukarka (1594) → Sovetsk (1937)
Kurgannaya → Kurganinsk
Kushvinsky Zavod → Kushva
Kuznetsk (1618) → Novokuznetsk (1931) → Stalinsk (1932) → Novokuznetsk (1961)
Kuznetsovo (1806) → Konakovo (1930)
Labiau → Polessk (1946)
Labinskaya → Labinsk
Lagan (1870) → Kaspiysky (1944) → Lagan (1991)
Lakinsky → Lakinsk
Laptevo (1578) → Yasnogorsk (1965)
Lazdinay (1734) → Lazdenen (1938) → Krasnoznamensk (1946)
Lermontovsky → Lermontov
Likhvin (1565) → Chekalin (1945)
Lopasnya → Chyornoye Ozero → Chekhov
Losinaya Sloboda → Losino-Petrovsky
Lyantorsky → Lyantor
Lyutoga → Rudaka → Aniva
Maoka (Mauka) → Kholmsk
Mechetnaya → Nikolayevsk → Pugachyov
Medvezhyya Gora → Medvezhyegorsk
Melekess → Dimitrovgrad
Mikhaylovskoye → Shpakovskoye → Mikhaylovsk
Mikhaylovsky Zavod → Mikhaylovsk
Mikoyan-Shakhar → Klukhori → Karachayevsk
Mukhtuya → Lensk
Muravlenkovsky → Muravlenko
Mysovaya → Mysovsk → Babushkin
Naberezhnye Chelny → Brezhnev → Naberezhnye Chelny
Nadezhdinsk → Kabakovsk → Nadezhdinsk → Serov
Naykhoro → Gornozavodsk
Nazyvayevskaya → Nazyvayevka → Nazyvayevsk
Neuhausen → Guryevsk
Nevdubstroy (1929) → Kirovsk (1953)
Nevyansky Zavod → Nevyansk
Nezametny (1923) → Aldan (1939)
Nikolayevsky → Nikolayevsk → Nikolayevsk-na-Amure
Nikolo-Pestrovka → Nikolo-Pestrovsky → Nikolsk
Nikolskoye → Nikolsk → Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (1898) → Voroshilov (1935) → Ussuriysk (1957)
Nikolsky Khutor (1860) → Sursk (1953)
Nizhnetagilsky Zavod → Nizhny Tagil
Nizhnevartovsky → Nizhnevartovsk
Nizhnevolzhskoye (1963) → Nizhnevolzhsk (1967) → Narimanov (1984)
Nizhniye Kresty → Chersky (1963)
Nizhny Novgorod → Gorky (1932) → Nizhny Novgorod (1990)
Noda → Chekhov (1947)
Nolinsk (1668) → Molotovsk (1940) → Nolinsk (1957)
Novaya Derevnya → Alexandrovsky → Novonikolayevsky → Novonikolayevsk → Novosibirsk
Novaya Pokrovka → Svoboda (1943) → Liski → Georgiu-Dezh (1965) → Liski (1990)
Novgorod → Veliky Novgorod (1998)
Novo-Mariinsk → Anadyr
Novoalexandrovskaya → Novoalexandrovsk
Novokuybyshevsky → Novokuybyshevsk
Novopavlovskaya → Novopavlovsk
Novotroitsk → Baley
Novovoronezhsky → Novovoronezh
Novy Zay → Zainsk
Novye Petushki → Petushki
Nyakh → Nyagan
Obdorsk → Salekhard
Olensk → Vilyuysk
Olkhovsky → Artyomovsk
Olzheras → Mezhdurechensk
Omutninsky Zavod → Omutninsk
Oraniyenbaum → Lomonosov
Orenburg (1743) → Chkalov (1938) → Orenburg (1957)
Oreshek → Nöteborg → Shlisselburg → Petrokrepost → Shlisselburg
Orlov → Khalturin → Orlov
Osinovka → Osinniki
Ostyako-Vogulsk → Khanty-Mansiysk
Pavlovo → Pavlovsky Posad
Pavlovsk → Slutsk → Pavlovsk
Pechory → Petseri → Pechory
Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky → Ryazan
Permskoye → Komsomolsk-na-Amure
Pervomaysky → Novodvinsk
Pesochnya → Kirov
Petergof → Petrodvorets → Petergof
Petropavlovsky → Petropavlovsky Port → Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsky → Severouralsk
Petrovskoye → Petrovsk-Port → Makhachkala
Petrovskoye → Svetlograd
Petrovsky Zavod → Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky
Pillau → Baltiysk
Pokrovskaya → Pokrovsk → Engels
Pokrovskoye → Pokrovsk
Porechye → Demidov
Poshekhonye → Poshekhonye-Volodarsk → Poshekhonye
Prishib → Leninsk
Protva → Zhukov
Pryoysish-Elau → Bagrationovsk
Pyora → Gondatti → Vladimiro-Shimanovsky → Shimanovsk
Raduga → Vladimir-30 → Raduzhny
Ragnit → Neman
Ranenburg → Chaplygin
Rastyapino → Dzerzhinsk
Rauschen → Svetlogorsk
Raychikha → Raychikhinsk
Romanov-Borisoglebsk → Tutayev
Romanov-na-Murmane → Murmansk (1917)
Romanovsky → Kropotkin
聖彼得堡 (1703) → 彼得格勒 (1914) → 列寧格勒 (1924) → 聖彼得堡 (1991)
Samara → Kuybyshev → Samara
Selyutora → Siritoru → Makarov
Semyonovka → Arsenyev
Serdobol → Sortavala
Sereda → Furmanov
Sergiyev Posad → Sergiyev (1919) → Zagorsk (1930) → Sergiyev Posad (1991)
Sergiyevskoye → Plavsk
Shakhty → Gusinoozyorsk
Sharypovskoye → Sharypovo → Chernenko → Sharypovo
Shcheglovo → Shcheglovsk → Kemerovo
Shikhrany → Kanash
Shkotovo-17 → Tikhookeansky → Fokino
Sieklakhti → Lakhdenpokhya
Simbirsk → Ulyanovsk
Skalisty → Gadzhiyevo
Slavyanskaya → Slavyansk-na-Kubani
Solnechnogorsky → Solnechnogorsk
Sorochinskoye → Sorochinsk
Spassk → Spassk-Tatarsky → Kuybyshev → Bolgar
Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Dalny
Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Ryazansky
Stakhanovo → Zhukovsky
Stallupönen → Nesterov
Stary Rogozhsky Yam → Bogorodsk → Noginsk
Stavropol → Togliatti
Stavropol → Voroshilovsk → Stavropol
Stupinskaya → Elektrovoz → Stupino
Suchansky Rudnik → Suchan → Partizansk
Sudostroy → Molotovsk → Severodvinsk
Sundyr → Mariinsky Posad
Suyetikha → Biryusinsk
Sverdlovsk-45 → Lesnoy
Svobodny → Cherepanovo
Svyatoy Krest → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk
Syana → Kurilsk
Sysertsky Zavod → Sysert
Taldom → Leninsk → Taldom
Tapiau → Gvardeysk
Tashino → Pervomaysk
Temir-Khan-Shura → Buynaksk
Terijoki → Zelenogorsk
Tetyukhe → Dalnegorsk
Tikhmenevsky → Sikuka → Poronaysk
Tikhoretskaya → Tikhoretsk
Tilsit → Sovetsk
Tomarioru → Tomari
Tomsk-7 → Seversk
Toro → Shakhtyorsk
Troitsa → Udomlya
Troitsko-Zaozyornoye → Zaozyorny
Troitskosavsk → Kyakhta
Troitskoye → Troitsky → Troitsk
Trongzund → Uuras → Trongzund → Vysotsk
Trotsk → Chapayevsk
Truyevo-Naryshkino → Kuznetsk
察里津 → 史達林格勒 → 伏爾加格勒
Tsarskoye Selo → Detskoye Selo → Pushkin
Tsaryovokokshaysk → Krasnokokshaysk → Yoshkar-Ola
Tsimlyanskaya → Tsimlyansk
Tulatovo → Iriston → Beslan
Turyinsky → Krasnoturyinsk
Tver → Kalinin (1931) → Tver (1990)
Tyndinsky → Tynda
Udinsk → Verhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
Ulala → Oyrot-Tura → Gorno-Altaysk
Uralmedstroy → Krasnouralsk
Usolye → Usolye-Sibirskoye
Ust-Abakanskoye → Khakassk → Abakan
Ust-Belokalitvenskaya → Belaya Kalitva
Ust-Katavsky Zavod → Ust-Katav
Ust-Medveditskaya → Serafimovich
Ust-Sheksna → Rybansk → Rybnaya Sloboda (1504) → Rybnoy → Rybinsk (1777) → Shcherbakov (1946) → Rybinsk (1957) → Andropov (1984) → Rybinsk (1989)
Ust Zeysky military post → Blagoveshchensk
Vasilyovo → Chkalovsk
Vayenga → Severomorsk
Velikoknyazheskaya → Proletarskaya → Proletarsk
Velyaminovsky → Tuapse
Verkhneudinsky → Verkhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
Vinodelnoye → Ipatovo
Vladikavkaz → Ordzhonikidze → Dzaudzhikau → Ordzhonikidze → Vladikavkaz
Vladimirovka → Toyokhara → Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Volkhovstroy → Volkhov (1940)
Volna-Khristianovsky → Novokhristianovskoye → Khristianovskoye → Digora
Volodary → Volodarsk
Vorontsovo-Alexandrovskoye → Sovetskoye → Zelenokumsk
Voskresenskoye → Voskresensk → Istra (not to be confused with another Voskresensk)
Voznesenskaya → Vereshchagino
Vyzhaikha → Krasnovishersk
Yagoshikha (1723) → Perm (1781) → Molotov (1940) → Perm (1957)
Yakovlevskoye → Privolzhsk
Yama → Yamsky Gorodok → Yama → Yamburg → Kingisepp (1922)
Yauntlatgale → Abrene → Pytalovo
Yegorshino → Artyomovsky
葉卡捷琳堡 → 斯維爾德洛夫斯克 → 葉卡捷琳堡
Yekaterinodar (1794) → Krasnodar (1920)
Yekaterinenstadt (Baronsk) → Marxstadt → Marks
Yuryuzansky Zavod → Yuryuzan
Zaozyorny-13 → Krasnoyarsk-45 → Zelenogorsk (1992)
Zarinskaya → Zarinsk
Zatishye → Elektrostal
Zavolzhye → Zavolzhsk
Zavoyko → Yelizovo
Zernovoy → Zernograd
Zeysky Sklad → Zeya-Pristan → Zeya
Zhdanovsk → Zapolyarny
Zheleznodorozhny → Yemva
Zhirnoye → Zhirnovsky → Zhirnovsk
Zimmerbude → Svetly
茲拉托烏斯特-36 → 三山城
茲梅尼 → 內維爾-1 → 魯赫洛沃 → 斯科沃羅季諾

延伸阅读 
 

 
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城市更名