田野調查（），又稱田野研究（）或田野工作（），在漢語裡另有野外調查、實地考察等稱，為對於描述原始資料蒐集的概括術語，其所應用的領域包括民俗学、考古學、生物學、生態學、環境科學、地理學、地質學、地形學、地球物理學、古生物學、人類學、語言學、哲學、建築學以及社會學等自然或社會科學領域。與其他在實驗室准控制狀態下環境的研究相比，田野調查主要於野外實地進行。

根據研究對象的生亡與否，以及它們的存在地點位於居住棲息地或埋於土下，田野調查的實質內容也會有所差別。化石與考古遺址的發掘均包含實地工作，其他如訪問或觀察人們以學習他們的語言、民俗、和他們的社會結構等過程也都包含在內。某些狀況，尤其是研究的主題為人類本身的時候，工作的擬定必須再經過設計，以避免觀察者效應或是過度理論化、過於理想化該實質文化活動的風險。

野外實地調查的項目 
 採訪記錄 
 拍攝記錄 
 翻製記錄 
 整理消化

註釋

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研究方法
評價方法
市场营销
社會學方法論