SoroushVahidi/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The basic building blocks and evolution of CRISPR-CAS systems.
(2013)

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) is an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and archaea that functions via a distinct self/non-self recognition mechanism that involves unique spacers homologous with viral or plasmid DNA and integrated into the CRISPR loci. Most of the Cas proteins evolve under relaxed purifying selection and some underwent dramatic structural rearrangements during evolution. In many cases, CRISPR-Cas system components are replaced either by homologous or by analogous proteins or domains in some bacterial and archaeal lineages. However, recent advances in comparative sequence analysis, structural studies and experimental data suggest that, despite this remarkable evolutionary plasticity, all CRISPR-Cas systems employ the same architectural and functional principles, and given the conservation of the principal building blocks, share a common ancestry. We review recent advances in the understanding of the evolution and organization of CRISPR-Cas systems. Among other developments, we describe for the first time a group of archaeal cas1 gene homologues that are not associated with CRISPR-Cas loci and are predicted to be involved in functions other than adaptive immunity.
An algorithmic approach to multimodality midfacial rejuvenation using a new classification system for midfacial aging.
(2015)

Midfacial aging is the result of the complex interplay between the osseous skeleton, facial retaining ligaments, soft tissues envelope, facial fat compartments, and the overlying skin elasticity. As a result of the many anatomic components involved in midfacial aging, the authors proposed a classification system based on distinct anatomic factors to direct surgical treatment. Evidence based data suggest that midface rejuvenation often requires a multimodality approach to obtain desired results, especially in patients with more advanced aging and poor tissue elasticity, or those with hypoplastic midfacial skeletal structure.
A Robust Mid-Level Representation for Harmonic Content in Music Signals
(2005)

When considering the problem of audio-to-audio matching, determining musical similarity using low-level features such as Fourier transforms and MFCCs is an extremely difficult task, as there is little semantic information available. Full semantic transcription of audio is an unreliable and imperfect task in the best case, an unsolved problem in the worst. To this end we propose a robust mid-level representation that incorporates both harmonic and rhythmic information, without attempting full transcription. We describe a process for creating this representation automatically, directly from multi-timbral and polyphonic music signals, with an emphasis on popular music. We also offer various evaluations of our techniques. Moreso than most approaches working from raw audio, we incorporate musical knowledge into our assumptions, our models, and our processes. Our hope is that by utilizing this notion of a musically-motivated mid-level representation we may help bridge the gap between symbolic and audio research.
Roman-txt: forms and functions of roman urdu texting
(2017)

In this paper, we present a user study conducted on students of a local university in Pakistan and collected a corpus of Roman Urdu text messages. We were interested in forms and functions of Roman Urdu text messages. To this end, we collected a mobile phone usage dataset. The data consists of 116 users and 346, 455 text messages. Roman Urdu text, is the most widely adopted style of writing text messages in Pakistan. Our user study leads to interesting results, for instance, we were able to quantitatively show that a number of words are written using more than one spelling; most participants of our study were not comfortable in English and hence they write their text messages in Roman Urdu; and the choice of language adopted by the participants sometimes varies according to who the message is being sent. Moreover we found that many young students send text messages(SMS) of intimate nature.
OCR and RFID enabled vehicle identification and parking allocation system
(2015)

The available parking management systems require human efforts for recording entries of coming and leaving vehicles from parking in sheets. For huge parking it is difficult to keep track of the information. Use of Radio Frequency Identification known as RFID technology reduces human efforts and Optical Character Recognition known as OCR, enabled system will provide an automated system for parking management. And also it will provide the control over the access of parking space by the use of boom barriers. For huge parking it will be an effective system. Parking can be a commercial one or can be a Very Important Person (VIP) parking. Depending on the usage system can be used. Vehicle cannot be parked in parking if it is not registered. OCR acts as a solution for vehicles which are not registered. To keep track of the happenings in parking cameras are used. Places where automated systems are required, the proposed system is an answer. System combines the two strong technologies RFID and OCR.
The REVIVE (REal Women's VIews of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) survey in Europe: Country-specific comparisons of postmenopausal women's perceptions, experiences and needs.
(2016)

OBJECTIVES
To achieve a better comprehension of the variability of perceptions, experiences and needs in terms of sexual and vaginal health in postmenopausal women (PMW) from four different European countries.


METHODS
An internet-based survey was conducted in Italy, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom with a total surveyed population of 3768 PMW aged between 45 and 75 years.


RESULTS
The UK sample was significantly older, with almost a quarter of participants over 65 years of age, and had the highest proportion of women experiencing recent vulvar and vaginal atrophy (52.8%). The majority of Italian and Spanish participants were receiving VVA treatment, whereas in the UK only 28% of PMW were on medication. The most common menopausal symptom was vaginal/vulvar dryness, with almost 80% of participants reporting it in all the countries except the UK (48%). On the other hand, vaginal/vulvar irritation was more frequently reported in the UK (41%). The percentage of participants with a partner was lower in the UK (71%), as was the monthly rate of sexual activity (49%). In the UK, the proportion of participants who had seen a healthcare professional for gynaecological reasons in the last year was lower than in other countries (27% vs. ≥50%), as was the proportion who has discussed their VVA symptoms with them (45% vs. ∼67%). In this sense, UK PMW waited for a longer before asking for help (especially for pain with intercourse and dryness). The main issues relating to VVA treatment difficulties expressed by participants were administration route in the UK, efficacy in Germany, and side-effects in Italy.


CONCLUSIONS
Although all European women shared the same expectation of improving the quality of their sex lives, the opportunity for that varied among different countries in relation to the healthcare system and to the effective communication achieved with healthcare professionals when managing VVA.
Do burnout and work engagement predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave seven-year prospective study.
(2012)

BACKGROUND
Burnout and work engagement have been viewed as opposite, yet distinct states of employee well-being. We investigated whether work-related indicators of well-being (i.e. burnout and work engagement) spill-over and generalize to context-free well-being (i.e. depressive symptoms and life satisfaction). More specifically, we examined the causal direction: does burnout/work engagement lead to depressive symptoms/life satisfaction, or the other way around?


METHODS
Three surveys were conducted. In 2003, 71% of all Finnish dentists were surveyed (n=3255), and the response rate of the 3-year follow-up was 84% (n=2555). The second follow-up was conducted four years later with a response rate of 86% (n=1964). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the cross-lagged associations between the study variables across time.


RESULTS
Burnout predicted depressive symptoms and life dissatisfaction from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. Conversely, work engagement had a negative effect on depressive symptoms and a positive effect on life satisfaction, both from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3, even after adjusting for the impact of burnout at every occasion.


LIMITATIONS
The study was conducted among one occupational group, which limits its generalizability.


CONCLUSIONS
Work-related well-being predicts general wellbeing in the long-term. For example, burnout predicts depressive symptoms and not vice versa. In addition, burnout and work engagement are not direct opposites. Instead, both have unique, incremental impacts on life satisfaction and depressive symptoms.
Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: a search for underlying mechanisms.
(2006)

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the contribution of perceptual-motor dysfunction and cognitive planning problems to the quality or speed of handwriting in children with handwriting problems (HWP).


METHOD
Twenty-nine children with HWP and 20 classroom peers attending regular schools (grade 2 and grade 3) were tested with regard to visual perception, visual-motor integration, fine motor coordination, and cognitive planning abilities.


RESULTS
The HWP group scored significantly lower on visual perception, visual-motor integration, fine motor coordination, and cognitive planning in comparison with classroom controls. Regression analyses showed that visual-motor integration was the only significant predictor for quality of handwriting in the HWP group, whereas fine motor coordination (i.e., unimanual dexterity) was the only significant predictor of quality of handwriting in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that two different mechanisms underlie the quality of handwriting in children with and without handwriting problems. Poor quality of handwriting of children with HWP seems particularly related to a deficiency in visual-motor integration.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE : CAUSAL STRUCTURE IN THEORY AND
(2015)

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This article concerns theories about why and how information technology affects organizational life. Good theory guides research, which, when applied, increases the likelihood that information technology will be employed with desirable consequences for users, organizations, and other interested parties. But what is a good theory? Theories are often evaluated in terms of their content-the specific concepts used and the human values served. This article examines theories in terms of their structures-theorists' assumptions about the nature and direction of causal influence. Three dimensions of causal structure are considered-causal agency, logical structure, and level of analysis. Causal agency refers to beliefs about the nature of causality: whether external forces cause change, whether people act purposefully to accomplish intended objectives, or whether changes emerge unpredictably from the interaction of people and events. Logical structure refers to the temporal aspect of theory-static versus dynamic-and to the logical relationships between the "causes" and the outcomes. Level of analysis refers to the entities about which the theory poses concepts and relationships-individuals, groups, organizations, and society. While there are many possible structures for good theory about the role of information technology in organizational change, only a few of these structures can be seen in current theorizing. Increased awareness of the options, open discussion of their advantages and disadvantages , and explicit characterization of future theoretical statements in terms of the dimensions and categories discussed here should, we believe, promote the development of better theory.
Mechanical design of a gravity-balancing wearable exoskeleton for the motion enhancement of human upper limb
(2015)

Powered exoskeletons can provide motion enhancement for both healthy and physically challenged people. Upper limb exoskeletons are required to have multiple degrees-of-freedom and can still produce sufficient force to augment the upper limb motion. The design using serial mechanisms usually results in a complicated and bulky exoskeleton that prevents itself from being wearable. This paper presents a new exoskeleton design aimed to achieve compactness and wearability. We consider a shoulder exoskeleton that consists of a parallel spherical mechanism with two slider crank mechanisms. The actuators can be placed on a stationary platform and attached closely to human body. Thus a better inertia property can be obtained while maintaining lightweight. Through the use of a gravity-balancing mechanism, the required actuator power becomes smaller and with better efficiency. A static model is developed to analyze and optimize the exoskeleton. Through illustrations of a prototype, the exoskeleton is shown to be wearable and can provide adequate motion enhancement of a human's upper limb.
A Virtual Feedback Assistance System for Remote Operation of a 3DOF Micromanipulator in Micro-Nanorobotic Manipulation
(2018)

Manipulation in micro or nanoscale with robotic manipulators under observation of electron microscopes is a widely used strategy for fabrication of nanodevices and nanoscale material property characterization. These types of manipulation systems can handle the relatively larger scale of objects. However, the complexity of manipulation increases highly for 3D manipulation. Since the manipulation system consists of multiple components including manipulator, microscope, and also some end-effector tools, a proper offline visualization of the system is necessary for operation. Therefore, we propose a web-based virtual interface between the user and the actual manipulator operated under digital microscope initially. It gives the operator 3D positional feedback from the virtual model by mapping data read during remote operation. The same interface is used for remote operation of the manipulator within the SEM chamber and a manipulation task is performed.
Dependence on computer games by adolescents.
(1998)

As computer game playing is a popular activity among adolescents, a questionnaire study was undertaken with 387 adolescents (12-16 years of age) to establish their "dependence" using a scale adapted from the DSM-III-R criteria for pathological gambling. Analysis indicated that one in five adolescents were currently "dependent" upon computer games. Boys played significantly more regularly than girls and were more likely to be classified as "dependent." The earlier children began playing computer games it appeared the more likely they were to be playing at "dependent" levels. These and other results are discussed in relation to research on other gaming dependencies.
Ambiguities in Spacebornene Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems
(1983)

Several aspects of range and azimuth (time delay and Doppler) ambiguities in spaceborne synthetic aperture radars (SARs) are examined. An accurate method to evaluate the ratio of the intensities of the ambiguities to that of the signal is described. This method has been applied to the nominal SAR system on SEASAT and the variations of this ratio as a function of orbital latitude and attitude control error are discussed. It is also shown that the detailed range migration-azimuth phase history of an ambiguity is different from that of a signal. The images of ambiguities are, therefore, dispersed. Several examples of such dispersed images observed by the SEASAT SAR are presented. These dispersions are eliminated when the processing parameters are adjusted appropriately. Finally, a method is described which uses a set of multiple pulse repetition frequencies to determine the absolute values of the Doppler centroid frequencies for SARs with high carrier frequencies and relatively poor attitude measurements.
Ship Surveillance With TerraSAR-X
(2011)

Ship detection is an important application of global monitoring of environment and security. In order to overcome the limitations by other systems, surveillance with satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is used because of its possibility to provide ship detection at high resolution over wide swaths and in all weather conditions. A new X-band radar onboard the TerraSAR-X (TS-X) satellite gives access to spatial resolution as fine as 1 m. In this paper, first results on the combined use of TS-X ship detection, automatic identification system (AIS), and satellite AIS (SatAIS) is presented. The AIS system is an effective terrestrial method for tracking vessels in real time typically up to 40 km off the coast. SatAIS, as a space-based system, allows almost global coverage for monitoring of ships since not all ships operate their AIS and smaller ships are not equipped with AIS. The system is considered to be of cooperative nature. In this paper, the quality of TS-X images with respect to ship detection is evaluated, and a first assessment of its performance for ship detection is given. The velocity of a moving ship is estimated using complex TS-X data. As test cases, images were acquired over the North Sea, Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean in Stripmap mode with a resolution of 3 m at a coverage of 30 km 100 km. Simultaneous information on ship positions was available from TS-X and terrestrial as well as SatAIS. First results on the simultaneous superposition of SatAIS and high-resolution radar images are presented.
Filtering of Azimuth Ambiguity in Stripmap Synthetic Aperture Radar Images
(2014)

Due to the specific characteristics of the SAR system, peculiar artifacts can appear on SAR images. In particular, finite pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and nonideal antenna pattern give rise to azimuth ambiguity, with the possible presence of “ghosts” on the image. They are due to the replica of strong targets located outside of the antenna main beam, superposed onto low intensity areas of the imaged scene. In this paper, we propose a method for the filtering of azimuth ambiguities on stripmap SAR images, that we name “asymmetric mapping and selective filtering” (AM&SF) method. Our framework is based on the theory of selective filtering and on a two-step procedure. In the first step, two asymmetric filters are used to suppress ambiguities due to each sidelobe of the antenna pattern, and the ratios between the original and filtered images are used to produce two maps of the ambiguity-affected areas (one for each sidelobe). In the second step, these maps are used to produce a final image in which only the areas affected by the ambiguities are replaced by their filtered (via the proper of the two filters) versions. The proposed method can be employed in situations in which similar approaches fail, and it has a smaller computational burden. The framework is positively tested on TerraSAR-X and COSMO/SkyMed SAR images of different marine scenes.
Adaptive removal of azimuth ambiguities in SAR images
(2005)

We introduce an innovative algorithm that is capable of suppression of strong azimuth ambiguities in single-look complex (SLC) synthetic aperture radar images, to be used both for detected products and for interferometric surveys. The algorithm exploits a band-pass filter to select that portion of the azimuth spectrum that is less influenced by aliasing, the one that corresponds to the nulls in the replicated azimuth antenna pattern. The selectivity of this filter adapts locally depending on the estimated ambiguity intensity: the filter is more selective in the presence of strong ambiguities and becomes all-pass in absence of ambiguities. The design of such filter frames in the Wiener approach with two different normalization options, depending on the use of the SLC image, either for getting multilook averaged detected products or for interferometric applications. Preliminary results achieved by processing ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor data are provided.
Detection of Anomalies in Large Scale Accounting Data using Deep Autoencoder Networks
(2017)

Learning to detect fraud in large-scale accounting data is one of the long-standing challenges in financial statement audits or fraud investigations. Nowadays, the majority of applied techniques refer to handcrafted rules derived from known fraud scenarios. While fairly successful, these rules exhibit the drawback that they often fail to generalize beyond known fraud scenarios and fraudsters gradually find ways to circumvent them. To overcome this disadvantage and inspired by the recent success of deep learning we propose the application of deep autoencoder neural networks to detect anomalous journal entries. We demonstrate that the trained network’s reconstruction error obtainable for a journal entry and regularized by the entry’s individual attribute probabilities can be interpreted as a highly adaptive anomaly assessment. Experiments on two real-world datasets of journal entries, show the effectiveness of the approach resulting in high f1-scores of 32.93 (dataset A) and 16.95 (dataset B) and less false positive alerts compared to state of the art baseline methods. Initial feedback received by chartered accountants and fraud examiners underpinned the quality of the approach in capturing highly relevant accounting anomalies.
Predicting the fix time of bugs
(2010)

Two important questions concerning the coordination of development effort are which bugs to fix first and how long it takes to fix them. In this paper we investigate empirically the relationships between bug report attributes and the time to fix. The objective is to compute prediction models that can be used to recommend whether a new bug should and will be fixed fast or will take more time for resolution. We examine in detail if attributes of a bug report can be used to build such a recommender system. We use decision tree analysis to compute and 10-fold cross validation to test prediction models. We explore prediction models in a series of empirical studies with bug report data of six systems of the three open source projects Eclipse, Mozilla, and Gnome. Results show that our models perform significantly better than random classification. For example, fast fixed Eclipse Platform bugs were classified correctly with a precision of 0.654 and a recall of 0.692. We also show that the inclusion of postsubmission bug report data of up to one month can further improve prediction models.
Analysis on DNA based Cryptography to Secure Data Transmission
(2011)

The biological research in the field of information technology paves the exploitation of storing capabilities, parallelism and also in conservative cryptography which enhances the security features for data transmission. DNA is the gene information which encodes information of all living beings. Though the DNA computing has its application in the field of huge information storage, massive parallel processing, low energy consumption which have been proposed and proved by the researchers and soon the molecular computer can replace the existing silicon computer and it exploits the world smallest computer. The combination of DNA molecules can be interpreted as a result to give a solution to a specific problem. The DNA strands can be replicated 500 times per second with greater accuracy. It can also be used in the field of cryptography based upon the vast parallelism which is used to break the existing cryptographic approach. This paper analysis an existing approach to the DNA computing method and DNA based cryptographic approach which provides the clear idea and limitations of existing research works.