SoroushVahidi/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Social Internet of Things: The Potential of the Internet of Things for Defining Human Behaviours
(2014)

The potential of the artificial intelligence, data mining and the so-called Big Data to build solutions based on the understanding of human behaviours is being extended with the capabilities of the Future Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT). The described potential of data and networks have been analyzed by the complex network theory, offering a specialized branch, the defined as Human Dynamics. The goal with the Internet of Things in the social area is to describe in real-time the human behaviours and activities. These goals are starting to be feasible through the quantity of data provided by the personal devices such as smart phone, and the smart environments such as Smart cities that makes more intelligent the environment and offer a smart space that sense our movements, actions, and the evolution of the ecosystem. This work analyses the ecosystem defined through the triangle formed by Big Data, Smart Cities and Personal/Wearable Computing to determinate human behaviours and human dynamics. For this purpose, the life-cycle of human dynamics determinations in Smart Cities have been analysed in order to determinate the current status of the technology, challenges, and opportunities.
The State of Solving Large Incomplete-Information Games, and Application to Poker
(2010)

ion algorithms take as input a description of the game and output a smaller but strategically similar — or even equivalent — game. The abstraction algorithms discussed here work with any finite number of players and do not assume a zerosum game. Information Abstraction The most popular kind of abstraction is information abstraction. The game is abstracted so that the agents cannot distinguish some of the states that they can distinguish in the actual game. For example in an abstracted poker hand, an agent is not able to observe all the nuances of the cards that she would normally observe. Lossless Information Abstraction. It turns out that it is possible to do lossless information abstraction, which may seem like an oxymoron at first. The method I will describe (Gilpin and Sandholm 2007b) is for a class of games that we call games with ordered signals. It is structured, but still general enough to capture a wide range of strategic situations. A game with ordered signals consists of a finite number of rounds. Within a round, the players play a game on a directed tree (the tree can be different in different rounds). The only uncertainty players face stems from private signals the other players have received and from the unknown future signals. In other words, players observe each Articles 14 AI MAGAZINE Nash equilibrium Nash equilibrium Original game
A case study on propagating and updating provenance information using the CIDOC CRM
(2014)

Provenance information of digital objects maintained by digital libraries and archives is crucial for authenticity assessment, reproducibility and accountability. Such information is commonly stored on metadata placed in various Metadata Repositories (MRs) or Knowledge Bases (KBs). Nevertheless, in various settings it is prohibitive to store the provenance of each digital object due to the high storage space requirements that are needed for having complete provenance. In this paper, we introduce provenance-based inference rules as a means to complete the provenance information, to reduce the amount of provenance information that has to be stored, and to ease quality control (e.g., corrections). Roughly, we show how provenance information can be propagated by identifying a number of basic inference rules over a core conceptual model for representing provenance. The propagation of provenance concerns fundamental modelling concepts such as actors, activities, events, devices and information objects, and their associations. However, since a MR/KB is not static but changes over time due to several factors, the question that arises is how we can satisfy update requests while still supporting the aforementioned inference rules. Towards this end, we elaborate on the specification of the required add/delete operations, consider two different semantics for deletion of information, and provide the corresponding update algorithms. Finally, we report extensive comparative results for different repository policies regarding the derivation of new knowledge, in datasets containing up to one million RDF triples. The results allow us to understand the tradeoffs related to the use of inference rules on storage space and performance of queries and updates.
Development of a Whole-Sensitive Teleoperated Robot Arm using Torque Sensing Technique
(2007)

In this paper, we concentrate on the design of a new whole-sensitive robot arm enabling torque measurement in each joint by means of developed optical torque sensors. When the contact of arm with an object occurs, local impedance algorithm provides active compliance of corresponding robot arm joint. Thus, the whole structure of the manipulator can safely interact with unstructured environment. The detailed design procedure of the 4-DOF robot arm and optical torque sensors is described in the paper. The gravity compensation algorithm was elaborated and verified by implementation of the local impedance control of a simple two-link arm manipulator
The kNN-TD Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
(2009)

A reinforcement learning algorithm called kNN-TD is introduced. This algorithm has been developed using the classical formulation of temporal difference methods and a k-nearest neighbors scheme as its expectations memory. By means of this kind of memory the algorithm is able to generalize properly over continuous state spaces and also take benefits from collective action selection and learning processes. Furthermore, with the addition of probability traces, we obtain the kNN-TD(λ) algorithm which exhibits a state of the art performance. Finally the proposed algorithm has been tested on a series of well known reinforcement learning problems and also at the Second Annual RL Competition with excellent results.
The Evolution and Future of National Customer Satisfaction Index Models
(2000)

A number of both national and international customer satisfaction barometers or indices have been introduced in the last decade. For the most part, these satisfaction indices are embedded within a system of cause and effect relationships or satisfaction model. Yet there has been little in the way of model development. Of critical importance to the validity and reliability of such indices is that the models and methods used to measure customer satisfaction and related constructs continue to learn, adapt, and improve over time. The primary goal of this research is to propose and test a number of modifications and improvements to the national index models. Using survey data from the Norwegian Customer Satisfaction Barometer (NCSB), we find general support for the proposed modifications.
BYOD security challenges: control and protect your most sensitive data
(2012)

According to a recent survey by Harris Interactive and ESET, more than 80% of employed adults use some kind of personally owned electronic device for work-related functions.1 One of the primary advantages in allowing employees to bring and use their personal devices for work is that it increases efficiency and flexibility. By giving access to the corporate network, and therefore corporate information via unmanaged devices, work can be done from anywhere, at any time, using any endpoint. It also provides cost savings to organisations, since personal device usage means they don’t need to provide or manage mobile devices for their employees. The Harris survey also determined that 47% of employees use personal desktop computers to access or store company information, while 41% do this with personal laptops, 24% with smartphones and 10% with tablets. However, with less than half of these devices being protected by basic security measures, some organisations may start to worry that the security challenges associated with BYOD far outweigh the benefits.
Enabling the IoT Paradigm in E-health Solutions through the VIRTUS Middleware
(2012)

In Europe, in a context of growing population and decreasing resources, ageing related diseases represent one of the most relevant challenges in terms of healthcare organization complexity, plus care levels and system financing balancing. Nowadays there are several researches that are studying the application of the IoT (Internet of Things) paradigm in the e-health field. This paper explains how a solution, built on the top of the VIRTUS IoT middleware, provides a valid alternative to current IoT solutions, which are mainly based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). VIRTUS leverage an Instant Messaging protocol (XMPP) to guarantee a (near) real-time, secure and reliable communication channel among heterogeneous devices. The presented development has been exploited in a healthcare case study: an implementation of a cost-savvy remote body movement monitoring system, aimed at classify daily patients' activities, designed as a modular architecture and deployed in a large scale scenario. The paper analyzes the features offered by the VIRTUS middleware, if used within a e-health solution, providing a comparison with other well-known systems.
Feasibility Study on the Use of Biometrics in an Entitlement Scheme
(2003)

This report examines the feasibility of using biometrics as a means of establishing a unique identity, to support the proposed entitlement scheme under development by the United Kingdom Passport Service (UKPS) and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). Biometrics identification systems measure physiological and behavioural characteristics of a person, and use these measurements to reliably distinguish one person from another. The main examples considered in this study are fingerprint, iris and face image recognition. Biometric identification can assist in the issue of entitlement cards, passports, driving licences and other identity documents in two ways. On the initial issue of such documents, biometrics can be used to check that applicants are not erroneously issued documents using two different identity details; this is the main focus of this study. Secondly, when an entitlement card, passport or driving licence is being used, biometrics can help confirm that it is being used by the correct person. The purpose of the study is to assess the feasibility of fingerprint, iris and face recognition technologies for these applications, to identify unknowns and the risks associated with the use of biometrics in such a national identity scheme, and to make recommendations for how some of these risks might be addressed should such a scheme proceed. Biometric methods do not offer 100% certainty of authentication of individuals. The success of any deployment of a system using biometric methods depends, therefore, on many factors such as: the degree of the 'uniqueness' of the biometric measure, technical and social factors, user interfaces, and provision of secure backup systems for those situations and individual s where the biometric will not work effectively. The main findings of the study are: a In principle, fingerprint or iris recognition can provide the identification performance required for unique identification over the entire UK adult population. In the case of fingerprint recognition, the system would require the enrolment of at least four fingers, whereas for iris recognition both irises should be registered. However, the practicalities of deploying either iris or fingerprint recognition in such a scheme are far from straightforward. b Such a system would be a groundbreaking deployment for this kind of biometric application. Not only would it be one of the largest deployments to date, but aspects of its performance would be far more demanding than those of similarly sized systems; such existing systems are either not applied in the civil sector, or operate …
Model predictive hovering-translation control of an unmanned Tri-TiltRotor
(2013)

The experimental translational hovering control of a Tri-TiltRotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is the subject of this paper. This novel UAV is developed to possess the capability to perform autonomous conversion between the Vertical Take-Off and Landing, and the Fixed-Wing flight modes. Via this design's implemented features however, the capability for additional control authority on the UAV's longitudinal translational motion arises: The rotor-tilting servos are utilized in performing thrust vectoring of the main rotors, thus exploiting their fast response characteristics in directly providing translation-controlling forces. The system's hovering translation is handled by a Model Predictive Control scheme, following the aforementioned actuation principles. While performing experimental studies of the overall controlled system's efficiency, the advantageous effects of this novel control authority are clearly noted. Additionally, in this article the considerations and requirements for operational autonomy-related on-board-only state estimation are addressed.
Regularized Off-Policy TD-Learning
(2012)

We present a novel l1 regularized off-policy convergent TD-learning method (termed RO-TD), which is able to learn sparse representations of value functions with low computational complexity. The algorithmic framework underlying ROTD integrates two key ideas: off-policy convergent gradient TD methods, such as TDC, and a convex-concave saddle-point formulation of non-smooth convex optimization, which enables first-order solvers and feature selection using online convex regularization. A detailed theoretical and experimental analysis of RO-TD is presented. A variety of experiments are presented to illustrate the off-policy convergence, sparse feature selection capability and low computational cost of the RO-TD algorithm.
Understanding neurocognitive developmental disorders can improve education for all.
(2013)

Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are estimated to affect up to 10% of the population, and they co-occur far more often than would be expected, given their prevalences. We need to understand the complex etiology of SLDs and their co-occurrences in order to underpin the training of teachers, school psychologists, and clinicians, so that they can reliably recognize SLDs and optimize the learning contexts for individual learners.
An efficient k-means clustering algorithm
(1998)

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for performing k-means clustering. It organizes all the patterns in a k-d tree structure such that one can find all the patterns which are closest to a given prototype efficiently. The main intuition behind our approach is as follows. All the prototypes are potential candidates for the closest prototype at the root level. However, for the children of the root node, we may be able to prune the candidate set by using simple geometrical constraints. This approach can be applied recursively until the size of the candidate set is one for each node. Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can improve the computational speed of the direct k-means algorithm by an order to two orders of magnitude in the total number of distance calculations and the overall time of computation.
Miniaturized Wilkinson power dividers utilizing capacitive loading
(2002)

The authors report the miniaturization of a planar Wilkinson power divider by capacitive loading of the quarter wave transmission lines employed in conventional Wilkinson power dividers. Reduction of the transmission line segments from /spl lambda//4 to between /spl lambda//5 and /spl lambda//12 are reported here. The input and output lines at the three ports and the lines comprising the divider itself are coplanar waveguide (CPW) and asymmetric coplanar stripline (ACPS), respectively. The 10 GHz power dividers are fabricated on high resistivity silicon (HRS) and alumina wafers. These miniaturized dividers are 74% smaller than conventional Wilkinson power dividers, and have a return loss better than +30 dB and an insertion loss less than 0.55 dB. Design equations and a discussion about the effect of parasitic reactance on the isolation are presented for the first time.
A Randomized Singular Value Decomposition Algorithm for Image Processing Applications
(2001)

The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that a new randomized SVD algorithm, proposed by Drineas et. al. in [4], is not only of theoretical interest but also a viable and fast alternative to traditional SVD algorithms in applications (e.g. image processing). This algorithm samples a constant number of rows (or columns) of the matrix, scales them appropriately to form a small matrix, say S, and then computes the SVD of S (which is a good approximation to the SVD of the original matrix). We experimentally evaluate the accuracy and speed of this algorithm for image matrices, using various probability distributions to perform the sampling.
Design and experimental evaluation of the hydraulically actuated prototype leg of the HyQ robot
(2010)

This paper focuses on the design and experimental evaluation of a hydraulically actuated robot leg. The evaluation of the leg prototype is an important milestone in the development of HyQ, a Hydraulically actuated Quadruped robot. The prototype features two rotary joints actuated by hydraulic cylinders and has a mass of 4.5kg. We performed several experiments with the leg prototype attached to a vertical slider to tests the robustness of the mechanical design and the hydraulic actuation system. Besides the experimental evaluation of the hydraulic components, we also extensively studied the sensor data of the leg during periodic hopping. The results show that hydraulic actuation is suitable for legged robots because of its high power-to-weight ratio, fast response and ability to cope with high impact force peaks. Furthermore, we compare the cylinder force data obtained by the load cell with the calculated value based on the cylinder pressures to analyze if it is possible to eliminate this sensory system redundancy in the future. Through these studies, weaknesses of the design were identified and suggestions on how to improve them are presented.
Cortical coordination dynamics and cognition
(2001)

New imaging techniques in cognitive neuroscience have produced a deluge of information correlating cognitive and neural phenomena. Yet our understanding of the inter-relationship between brain and mind remains hampered by the lack of a theoretical language for expressing cognitive functions in neural terms. We propose an approach to understanding operational laws in cognition based on principles of coordination dynamics that are derived from a simple and experimentally verified theoretical model. When applied to the dynamical properties of cortical areas and their coordination, these principles support a mechanism of adaptive inter-area pattern constraint that we postulate underlies cognitive operations generally.
Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming
(2001)

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to visualize the cerebral processing of unseen masked words. Within the areas associated with conscious reading, masked words activated left extrastriate, fusiform and precentral areas. Furthermore, masked words reduced the amount of activation evoked by a subsequent conscious presentation of the same word. In the left fusiform gyrus, this repetition suppression phenomenon was independent of whether the prime and target shared the same case, indicating that case-independent information about letter strings was extracted unconsciously. In comparison to an unmasked situation, however, the activation evoked by masked words was drastically reduced and was undetectable in prefrontal and parietal areas, correlating with participants' inability to report the masked words.
Neural Darwinism and consciousness
(2005)

Neural Darwinism (ND) is a large scale selectionist theory of brain development and function that has been hypothesized to relate to consciousness. According to ND, consciousness is entailed by reentrant interactions among neuronal populations in the thalamocortical system (the 'dynamic core'). These interactions, which permit high-order discriminations among possible core states, confer selective advantages on organisms possessing them by linking current perceptual events to a past history of value-dependent learning. Here, we assess the consistency of ND with 16 widely recognized properties of consciousness, both physiological (for example, consciousness is associated with widespread, relatively fast, low amplitude interactions in the thalamocortical system), and phenomenal (for example, consciousness involves the existence of a private flow of events available only to the experiencing subject). While no theory accounts fully for all of these properties at present, we find that ND and its recent extensions fare well.
An information integration theory of consciousness
(2004)

Consciousness poses two main problems. The first is understanding the conditions that determine to what extent a system has conscious experience. For instance, why is our consciousness generated by certain parts of our brain, such as the thalamocortical system, and not by other parts, such as the cerebellum? And why are we conscious during wakefulness and much less so during dreamless sleep? The second problem is understanding the conditions that determine what kind of consciousness a system has. For example, why do specific parts of the brain contribute specific qualities to our conscious experience, such as vision and audition? This paper presents a theory about what consciousness is and how it can be measured. According to the theory, consciousness corresponds to the capacity of a system to integrate information. This claim is motivated by two key phenomenological properties of consciousness: differentiation – the availability of a very large number of conscious experiences; and integration – the unity of each such experience. The theory states that the quantity of consciousness available to a system can be measured as the Φ value of a complex of elements. Φ is the amount of causally effective information that can be integrated across the informational weakest link of a subset of elements. A complex is a subset of elements with Φ>0 that is not part of a subset of higher Φ. The theory also claims that the quality of consciousness is determined by the informational relationships among the elements of a complex, which are specified by the values of effective information among them. Finally, each particular conscious experience is specified by the value, at any given time, of the variables mediating informational interactions among the elements of a complex. The information integration theory accounts, in a principled manner, for several neurobiological observations concerning consciousness. As shown here, these include the association of consciousness with certain neural systems rather than with others; the fact that neural processes underlying consciousness can influence or be influenced by neural processes that remain unconscious; the reduction of consciousness during dreamless sleep and generalized seizures; and the time requirements on neural interactions that support consciousness. The theory entails that consciousness is a fundamental quantity, that it is graded, that it is present in infants and animals, and that it should be possible to build conscious artifacts.