SoroushVahidi/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm for a class of combinatorial optimization
(2002)

This paper proposes a novel evolutionary algorithm inspired by quantum computing, called a quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA), which is based on the concept and principles of quantum computing, such as a quantum bit and superposition of states. Like other evolutionary algorithms, QEA is also characterized by the representation of the individual, the evaluation function, and the population dynamics. However, instead of binary, numeric, or symbolic representation, QEA uses a Q-bit, defined as the smallest unit of information, for the probabilistic representation and a Q-bit individual as a string of Q-bits. A Q-gate is introduced as a variation operator to drive the individuals toward better solutions. To demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability, experiments are carried out on the knapsack problem, which is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem. The results show that QEA performs well, even with a small population, without premature convergence as compared to the conventional genetic algorithm.
Towards secure mobile cloud computing: A survey
(2013)

Mobile cloud computing is gaining popularity among mobile users. The ABI Research predicts that the number of mobile cloud computing subscribers is expected to grow from 42.8 million (1.1% of total mobile users) in 2008 to 998 million (19% of total mobile users) in 2014. Despite the hype achieved by mobile cloud computing, the growth of mobile cloud computing subscribers is still below expectations. According to the recent survey conducted by the International Data Corporation, most IT Executives and CEOs are not interested in adopting such services due to the risks associatedwith security and privacy. The security threats have become a hurdle in the rapid adaptability of the mobile cloud computing paradigm. Significant efforts have been devoted in research organizations and academia to build securemobile cloud computing environments and infrastructures. In spite of the efforts, there are a number of loopholes and challenges that still exist in the security policies of mobile cloud computing. This literature review: (a)highlights the current state of the artwork proposed to securemobile cloud computing infrastructures, (b) identifies the potential problems, and (c) provides a taxonomy of the state of the art. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Kinematics and workspace analysis for a novel 6-PSS parallel manipulator
(2013)

In this paper, a novel 6-PSS parallel manipulator is designed and the three dimensional structure model is obtained with the Solidworks. The inverse kinematics analysis is performed based on the designed geometric parameters. And according to this analysis, we obtain the theoretical simulation results of virtual structures with different positions and orientations by using MATLAB software. These simulation structures verify the feasibility of this novel 6-PSS parallel manipulator. With a given orientation, a numerical search method is adopted in finding the reachable workspace with the judgment conditions of physical constraints, and the relationship between the reachable workspace and the size of the structure is studied in virtual simulation. Therefore, the range including the largest reachable workspace is achieved and a possible further application of this novel 6-PSS parallel manipulator is proposed, especially in some fields of different structure size requirements.
Design and Implementation of a Pure Sine Wave Single Phase Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications
(2014)

This paper aims at developing the control circuit for a single phase inverter which produces a pure sine wave with an output voltage that has the same magnitude and frequency as a grid voltage. A microcontroller, based on an advanced technology to generate a sine wave with fewer harmonics, less cost and a simpler design. The technique used is the sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal (SPWM) which is generated by microcontroller. The designed inverter is tested on various AC loads and is essentially focused upon low power electronic applications such as a lamp, a fan and chargers etc. The proposed model of the inverter can improve the output wave forms of the inverter and the dead time control reduced to 63μs. The finished design is simulated in Proteus and PSIM software to ensure output results which is verified practically.
Social Turing Tests: Crowdsourcing Sybil Detection
(2013)

As popular tools for spreading spam and malware, Sybils (or fake accounts) pose a serious threat to online communities such as Online Social Networks (OSNs). Today, sophisticated attackers are creating realistic Sybils that effec tively befriend legitimate users, rendering most automated Sybil detection techniques ineffective. In this paper, we explor e the feasibility of acrowdsourcedSybil detection system for OSNs. We conduct a large user study on the ability of humans to detect today’s Sybil accounts, using a large corpus of ground-truth Sybil accounts from the Facebook and Renren networks. We analyze detection accuracy by both “experts” and “turkers” under a variety of conditions, and find that while turkers vary significantly in their effective ness, experts consistently produce near-optimal results. We use these results to drive the design of a multi-tier crowdsourcing Sybil detection system. Using our user study data, we show that this system is scalable, and can be highly effective either as a standalone system or as a complementary technique to current tools.
Building Natural-Language Generation Systems
(2000)

Reiter and Dale’s book is about natural language generation (NLG), and describes methods for building systems of this kind. It offers a comprehensive overview of the field of NLG, from a perspective that has rarely been described elsewhere. It is very valuable for people with little or even no knowledge about NLG particulars who intend to investigate applications where NLG technology might play a certain role, as well as for people who want to obtain an application-oriented overview of the field. In this sense, all communities intended to be served by the book—students, academics in related areas, and software developers—are well addressed. In addition, some sections provide material that is probably new even to researchers with considerable experience in the field, such as the discussions on corpus analysis and domain modeling. In the introduction, the field of NLG is briefly characterized from researchand application-oriented perspectives and is illustrated by screen shots produced by several systems. Then conditions for effective uses of this technology are elaborated and contrasted with conditions where other techniques are more appropriate, and methods for determining the intended functionality of a system to be built are discussed. The main sections of the book are devoted to the prototypical architecture of applicationoriented NLG systems and their major processing phases: document planning, microplanning, and surface realization. Each of these three phases is illustrated by a number of detailed examples, demonstrating the successive refinements of utterance specifications in the course of processing. In the final section, the embedding of natural language processing technology is discussed, featuring typography, combined uses with graphics and hypertext, and integration with speech. The methods are illustrated by a large number of examples—the book contains more than 120 figures on its 248 pages. At the end of each section, a number of useful references for further reading are related to the section topics. In the appendix, a table summarizing the 35 systems referred to in the book is given. In general, the presentations in the book are beneficial for their high degree of detail in documenting representations. Running examples are illustrated by intermediate representations at various stages of processing. They demonstrate very well the increasing degrees of precision in which utterances are specified and the associated commitments about possible text portions that express these specifications. Particularly valuable are the comparisons of alternative representations, ranging from skeletal propositions over lexicalized case frames to canned text, including a comparison of the consequences for the distribution of work over the system components involved and discussions of the associated pros and cons. These chapters provide a number of valuable hints, given the currently low degree of standardization in the field. Further important aspects addressed, which have been widely ignored in the literature so far,
Deep Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition
(2012)

Most current speech recognition systems use hidden Markov models (HMMs) to deal with the temporal variability of speech and Gaussian mixture models to determine how well each state of each HMM fits a frame or a short window of frames of coefficients that represents the acoustic input. An alternative way to evaluate the fit is to use a feedforward neural network that takes several frames of coefficients as input and produces posterior probabilities over HMM states as output. Deep neural networks with many hidden layers, that are trained using new methods have been shown to outperform Gaussian mixture models on a variety of speech recognition benchmarks, sometimes by a large margin. This paper provides an overview of this progress and represents the shared views of four research groups who have had recent successes in using deep neural networks for acoustic modeling in speech recognition.
Practical Issues in Automatic Documentation Generation
(1994)

PLANDoc, a system under joint development by Columbia and Bellcore, documents the activity of planning engineers as they study telephone routes. It takes as input a trace of the engineer’s interaction with a network planning tool and produces 1-2 page summary. In this paper, we describe the user needs analysis we performed and how it influenced the development of PLANDoc. In particular, we show how it pinpointed the need for a sublanguage specification, allowing us to identify input messages and to characterize the different sentence paraphrases for realizing them. We focus on the systematic use of conjunction in combination with paraphrase that we developed for PLANDoc, which allows for the generation of summaries that are both concise–avoiding repetition of similar information, and fluent– avoiding repetition of similar phrasing.
S3Email: A method for securing emails from service providers
(2017)

We often send our confidential information such as passport, credit card, social security numbers over email without concern about the security of email services. Existing network security mechanisms provide adequate security from external malicious adversaries and eavesdroppers, but they don't guarantee that the email service providers (ESPs) wouldn't or can't access our email data themselves, which in some cases could be highly confidential. One of the ways to protect email data from ESPs is to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) that has many limitations including key storage problem and dependability on third party services, making it cumbersome to use in practice. In this paper, we present S3Email method that provides email security against ESPs. The proposed method uses a cryptographic secret sharing technique in a novel way and encrypts the email metadata, body and attachments before the email is sent. In the proposed solution, the email sender and receiver must have at least two email accounts on the existing ESPs, which is not unusual today. Experiments and analysis show that the S3Email method provides information theoretic security with minimal computational overhead.
Robust solutions for network design under transportation cost and demand uncertainty
(2008)

In many applications, the network design problem (NDP) faces significant uncertainty in transportation costs and demand, as it can be difficult to estimate current (and future values) of these quantities. In this paper, we present a robust optimization-based formulation for the NDP under transportation cost and demand uncertainty. We show that solving an approximation to this robust formulation of the NDP can be done efficiently for a network with single origin and destination per commodity and general uncertainty in transportation costs and demand that are independent of each other. For a network with path constraints, we propose an efficient column generation procedure to solve the linear programming relaxation. We also present computational results that show that the approximate robust solution found provides significant savings in the worst case while incurring only minor sub-optimality for specific instances of the uncertainty. Journal of the Operational Research Society advance online publication, 7 February 2007 doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602362
Design and Control of Concentric-Tube Robots
(2010)

A novel approach toward construction of robots is based on a concentric combination of precurved elastic tubes. By rotation and extension of the tubes with respect to each other, their curvatures interact elastically to position and orient the robot's tip, as well as to control the robot's shape along its length. In this approach, the flexible tubes comprise both the links and the joints of the robot. Since the actuators attach to the tubes at their proximal ends, the robot itself forms a slender curve that is well suited for minimally invasive medical procedures. This paper demonstrates the potential of this technology. Design principles are presented and a general kinematic model incorporating tube bending and torsion is derived. Experimental demonstration of real-time position control using this model is also described.
Fractal Merkle Tree Representation and Traversal
(2003)

We introduce a technique for traversal of Merkle trees, and propose an efficient algorithm that generates a sequence of leaves along with their associated authentication paths. For one choice of parameters, and a total of N leaves, our technique requires a worst-case computational effort of 2 log N/loglog N hash function evaluations per output, and a total storage capacity of less than 1.5 log N/loglog N hash values. This is a simultaneous improvement both in space and time complexity over any previously published algorithm.
Three-column fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures.
(2010)

OBJECTIVES
1) To introduce a computed tomography-based "three-column fixation" concept; and 2) to evaluate clinical outcomes (by using a column-specific fixation technique) for complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker classification Types V and VI).


DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.


SETTING
Level 1 trauma center.


PATIENTS
Twenty-nine cases of complex tibial plateau fractures were included. Based on routine x-ray and computed tomography images, all the fractures were classified as a "three-column fracture," which means at least one separate fragment was found in lateral, medial, and posterior columns in the proximal tibia (Schatzker classification Types V and VI).


INTERVENTION
The patients were operated on in a "floating position" with a combined approach, an inverted L-shaped posterior approach combined with an anterior-lateral approach. All three columns of fractures were fixed.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Operative time, blood loss, quality of reduction and alignment, fracture healing, complications, and functional outcomes based on Hospital for Special Surgery score and lower-extremity measure were recorded.


RESULTS
All the cases were followed for average 27.3 months (range, 24-36 months). All the cases had satisfactory reduction except one case, which had a 4-mm stepoff at the anterior ridge of the tibial plateau postoperatively. No case of secondary articular depression was found. One case had secondary varus deformity, one case had secondary valgus deformity, and two cases of screw loosening occurred postoperatively. No revision surgery was performed. Two cases had culture-negative wound drainage. No infection was noted. The average radiographic bony union time and full weightbearing time were 13.1 weeks (range, 11-16 weeks) and 16.7 weeks (range, 12-24 weeks), respectively. The mean Short Form 36, Hospital for Special Surgery score, and lower-extremity measure at 24 months postoperatively were 89 (range, 80-98), 90 (range, 84-98), and 87 (range, 80-95), respectively. The average range of motion of the affected knee was 2.7° to 123.4° at 2 years after the operation.


CONCLUSION
Three-column fixation is a new fixation concept in treating complex tibial plateau fractures, which is especially useful for multiplanar fractures involving the posterior column. The combination of posterior and anterior-lateral approaches is a safe and effective way to have direct reduction and satisfactory fixation for such difficult tibial plateau fractures.
Authenticated Append-only Skip Lists
(2003)

In this work we describe, design and analyze the security of a tamper-evident, append-only data structure for maintaining secure data sequences in a loosely coupled distributed system where individual system components may be mutually distrust-ful. The resulting data structure, called an Authenticated Append-Only Skip List (AASL), allows its maintainers to produce one-way digests of the entire data sequence, which they can publish to others as a commitment on the contents and order of the sequence. The maintainer can produce efficiently succinct proofs that authenticate a particular datum in a particular position of the data sequence against a published digest. AASLs are secure against tampering even by malicious data structure maintain-ers. First, we show that a maintainer cannot " invent " and authenticate data elements for the AASL after he has committed to the structure. Second, he cannot equivocate by being able to prove conflicting facts about a particular position of the data sequence. This is the case even when the data sequence grows with time and its maintainer publishes successive commitments at times of his own choosing. AASLs can be invaluable in reasoning about the integrity of system logs maintained by untrusted components of a loosely-coupled distributed system .
High Sensitivity Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Using Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Dielectric Layer Micro-Structured by 3-D Printed Mold
(2017)

3-D printing is used to fabricate mold for micro-structuring the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric dielectric layer in capacitive flexible pressure sensors. It is shown that, despite of the limited resolution of the used commercial 3-D printer for producing the mold, the fabricated sensor with the micro-structured PDMS layers can achieve sensitivity higher than previous work using micro-fabricated silicon wafer molds. The devices also present very low detection limit, fast response/recovery speed, excellent durability and good tolerance to variations of ambient temperature and humidity, which enables to reliably monitor weak human physiological signals in real time. As an application example, the flexible pressure sensor is integrated in a wearable system to monitor wrist pulse.
Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons
(2012)

The ability to manipulate optical fields and the energy flow of light is central to modern information and communication technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, because photons do not possess charge, a way of controlling them efficiently by electrical means has so far proved elusive. A promising way to achieve electric control of light could be through plasmon polaritons—coupled excitations of photons and charge carriers—in graphene. In this two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, it is expected that plasmon polaritons and their associated optical fields can readily be tuned electrically by varying the graphene carrier density. Although evidence of optical graphene plasmon resonances has recently been obtained spectroscopically, no experiments so far have directly resolved propagating plasmons in real space. Here we launch and detect propagating optical plasmons in tapered graphene nanostructures using near-field scattering microscopy with infrared excitation light. We provide real-space images of plasmon fields, and find that the extracted plasmon wavelength is very short—more than 40 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small mode volume. The cavity resonance is controlled in situ by gating the graphene, and in particular, complete switching on and off of the plasmon modes is demonstrated, thus paving the way towards graphene-based optical transistors. This successful alliance between nanoelectronics and nano-optics enables the development of active subwavelength-scale optics and a plethora of nano-optoelectronic devices and functionalities, such as tunable metamaterials, nanoscale optical processing, and strongly enhanced light–matter interactions for quantum devices and biosensing applications.
Early Career Award. Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity.
(2003)

Asymmetrical activity over the frontal cortex has been implicated in the experience and expression of emotions and motivations. Explanations of the research have suggested that relatively greater left frontal activity is associated with positive affect and/or approach motivation, and that relatively greater right frontal activity is associated with negative affect and/or withdrawal motivation. In past research, affective valence and motivational direction were confounded, as only positive (negative) affects that were associated with approach (withdrawal) motivation were examined. Consequently, this research is unable to address whether asymmetrical frontal activity is associated with affective valence, motivational direction, or some combination of valence and motivation. In this article, I review research on the emotion of anger, a negative emotion often associated with approach motivation, that suggests that asymmetrical frontal cortical activity is due to motivational direction and not affective valence. Methodological and theoretical implications for the study of the frontal asymmetry specifically, and for emotion and motivation more generally, are discussed.