SoroushVahidi/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Ensemble forecasting of species distributions.
(2007)

Concern over implications of climate change for biodiversity has led to the use of bioclimatic models to forecast the range shifts of species under future climate-change scenarios. Recent studies have demonstrated that projections by alternative models can be so variable as to compromise their usefulness for guiding policy decisions. Here, we advocate the use of multiple models within an ensemble forecasting framework and describe alternative approaches to the analysis of bioclimatic ensembles, including bounding box, consensus and probabilistic techniques. We argue that, although improved accuracy can be delivered through the traditional tasks of trying to build better models with improved data, more robust forecasts can also be achieved if ensemble forecasts are produced and analysed appropriately.
Robot dynamics and control
(1989)

This chapter presents an introduction to the dynamics and control of robot manipulators. We derive the equations of motion for a general open-chain manipulator and, using the structure present in the dynamics , construct control laws for asymptotic tracking of a desired trajectory. In deriving the dynamics, we will make explicit use of twists for representing the kinematics of the manipulator and explore the role that the kinematics play in the equations of motion. We assume some familiarity with dynamics and control of physical systems.
Glove Based User Interaction Techniques for Augmented Reality in an Outdoor Environment
(2002)

This paper presents a set of pinch glove-based user interface tools for an outdoor wearable augmented reality computer system. The main form of user interaction is the use of hand and head gestures. We have developed a set of augmented reality information presentation techniques. To support direct manipulation, the following three selection techniques have been implemented: two-handed framing, line of sight and laser beam. A new glove-based text entry mechanism has been developed to support symbolic manipulation. A scenario for a military logistics task is described to illustrate the functionality of this form of interaction.
A Survey of Augmented Reality
(1997)

This paper surveys the field of augmented reality (AR), in which 3D virtual objects are integrated into a 3D real environment in real time. It describes the medical, manufacturing, visualization, path planning, entertainment, and military applications that have been explored. This paper describes the characteristics of augmented reality systems, including a detailed discussion of the tradeoffs between optical and video blending approaches. Registration and sensing errors are two of the biggest problems in building effective augmented reality systems, so this paper summarizes current efforts to overcome these problems. Future directions and areas requiring further research are discussed. This survey provides a starting point for anyone interested in researching or using augmented reality.
Design of High Performance Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators
(2014)

This paper is devoted to the analysis and design of high performance permanent-magnet synchronous wind generators (PSWGs). A systematic and sequential methodology for the design of PMSGs is proposed with a high performance wind generator as a design model. Aiming at high induced voltage, low harmonic distortion as well as high generator efficiency, optimal generator parameters such as pole-arc to pole-pitch ratio and stator-slot-shoes dimension, etc. are determined with the proposed technique using Maxwell 2-D, Matlab software and the Taguchi method. The proposed double three-phase and six-phase winding configurations, which consist of six windings in the stator, can provide evenly distributed current for versatile applications regarding the voltage and current demands for practical consideration. Specifically, windings are connected in series to increase the output voltage at low wind speed, and in parallel during high wind speed to generate electricity even when either one winding fails, thereby enhancing the reliability as well. A PMSG is designed and implemented based on the proposed method. When the simulation is performed with a 6 Ω load, the output power for the double three-phase winding and six-phase winding are correspondingly 10.64 and 11.13 kW. In addition, 24 Ω load experiments show that the efficiencies of double three-phase winding and six-phase winding are 96.56% and 98.54%, respectively, verifying the proposed high performance operation. OPEN ACCESS Energies 2014, 7 7106
Fog Computing for the Internet of Mobile Things: Issues and Challenges
(2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) conceives a world where everyday objects are able to join the Internet and exchange data as well as process, store, collect them from the surrounding environment, and actively intervene on it. An unprecedented number of services may be envisioned by exploiting the Internet of Things. Fog Computing, which is also known as Edge Computing, was proposed in 2012 as the ideal paradigm to support the resource-constrained IoT devices in data processing and information delivery. Indeed, the Fog, which does not replace the centralized Cloud but cooperates with it, distributes Cloud Computing technologies and principles anywhere along the Cloud-to-Things continuum and particularly at the network edge. The Fog proximity to the IoT devices allows for several advantages that must be continuously guaranteed, also when end devices move from one place to another. In this paper, we aim at examining in depth what it means to provide mobility support in a Fog environment and at investigating what are the main challenges to be faced. Besides, in order to highlight the importance of this topic in everyday life, we provide the reader with three scenarios where there is an integration between the IoT and Fog Computing, and in which mobility support is essential. We finally point out the main research directions in the field.
Evaluating CNN and LSTM for Web Attack Detection
(2018)

Web attack detection is the key task for network security. To tackle this hard problem, this paper explores the deep learning methods, and evaluates convolutional neural network, long-short term memory and their combination method. By comparing with the traditional methods, experimental results show that deep learning methods can greatly outperform the traditional methods. Besides, we also analyze the different factors influencing the performance. This work can be a good guidance for researcher to design network architecture and parameters for detecting web attack in practice.
Optimising ring oscillator-based true random number generators concept on FPGA
(2016)

Random Number Generators are widely used in cryptographic applications (symmetric and asymmetric encryption, digital certificate generation, etc.) and other related areas. True Random Number Generators (TRNG) are based on physical non-deterministic phenomenon. Most of these generators are based on a large number of interconnected high frequency ring oscillators (RO), which are most commonly implemented in FPGA. This paper describes an optimized solution which increases the speed and the complexity of these ring oscillator-based TRNG. The proposed solution combines a personalized approach on the Ring Oscillator scheme, based on preprocessed raw data and a well-known one, based on the desynchronization of a large number of free running ROs, therefore minimizing the resource used within the FPGA. The paper covers the most known statistical testes (provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology - NIST) applied on a large amount of data and proves the stability of a generator by providing positive experimental results that were obtained from measurements using different operating frequencies.
Profanity in media associated with attitudes and behavior regarding profanity use and aggression.
(2011)

OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that exposure to profanity in media would be directly related to beliefs and behavior regarding profanity and indirectly to aggressive behavior.


METHODS
We examined these associations among 223 adolescents attending a large Midwestern middle school. Participants completed a number of questionnaires examining their exposure to media, attitudes and behavior regarding profanity, and aggressive behavior.


RESULTS
Results revealed a positive association between exposure to profanity in multiple forms of media and beliefs about profanity, profanity use, and engagement in physical and relational aggression. Specifically, attitudes toward profanity use mediated the relationship between exposure to profanity in media and subsequent behavior involving profanity use and aggression.


CONCLUSIONS
The main hypothesis was confirmed, and implications for the rating industry and research field are discussed.
An architecture pattern for safety critical automated driving applications: Design and analysis
(2017)

Introduction of automated driving increases complexity of automotive systems. As a result, architecture design becomes a major concern for ensuring non-functional requirements such as safety, and modifiability. In the ISO 26262 standard, architecture patterns are recommended for system development. However, the existing architecture patterns may not be able to answer requirements of automated driving completely. When applying these patterns in the automated driving context, modification and analysis of these patterns are needed. In this paper, we present a novel architecture pattern for safety critical automated driving functions. In addition, we propose a generic approach to compare our pattern with a number of existing ones. The comparison results can be used as a basis for project specific architectural decisions. Our Safety Channel pattern is validated by its implementation for a real-life truck platooning application.
Visual Tracking via Boolean Map Representations
(2018)

In this paper, we present a simple yet effective Boolean map based representation that exploits connectivity cues for visual tracking. We describe a target object with histogram of oriented gradients and raw color features, of which each one is characterized by a set of Boolean maps generated by uniformly thresholding their values. The Boolean maps effectively encode multi-scale connectivity cues of the target with different granularities. The fine-grained Boolean maps capture spatially structural details that are effective for precise target localization while the coarse-grained ones encode global shape information that are robust to large target appearance variations. Finally, all the Boolean maps form together a robust representation that can be approximated by an explicit feature map of the intersection kernel, which is fed into a logistic regression classifier with online update, and the target location is estimated within a particle filter framework. The proposed representation scheme is computationally efficient and facilitates achieving favorable performance in terms of accuracy and robustness against the state-of-the-art tracking methods on a large benchmark dataset of 50 image sequences.
Dynamic Computation Offloading for Mobile-Edge Computing With Energy Harvesting Devices
(2016)

Mobile-edge computing (MEC) is an emerging paradigm to meet the ever-increasing computation demands from mobile applications. By offloading the computationally intensive workloads to the MEC server, the quality of computation experience, e.g., the execution latency, could be greatly improved. Nevertheless, as the on-device battery capacities are limited, computation would be interrupted when the battery energy runs out. To provide satisfactory computation performance as well as achieving green computing, it is of significant importance to seek renewable energy sources to power mobile devices via energy harvesting (EH) technologies. In this paper, we will investigate a green MEC system with EH devices and develop an effective computation offloading strategy. The execution cost, which addresses both the execution latency and task failure, is adopted as the performance metric. A low-complexity online algorithm is proposed, namely, the Lyapunov optimization-based dynamic computation offloading algorithm, which jointly decides the offloading decision, the CPU-cycle frequencies for mobile execution, and the transmit power for computation offloading. A unique advantage of this algorithm is that the decisions depend only on the current system state without requiring distribution information of the computation task request, wireless channel, and EH processes. The implementation of the algorithm only requires to solve a deterministic problem in each time slot, for which the optimal solution can be obtained either in closed form or by bisection search. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is shown to be asymptotically optimal via rigorous analysis. Sample simulation results shall be presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis as well as validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
On Fast Dropout and its Applicability to Recurrent Networks
(2013)

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are rich models for the processing of sequential data. Recent work on advancing the state of the art has been focused on the optimization or modelling of RNNs, mostly motivated by adressing the problems of the vanishing and exploding gradients. The control of overfitting has seen considerably less attention. This paper contributes to that by analyzing fast dropout, a recent regularization method for generalized linear models and neural networks from a back-propagation inspired perspective. We show that fast dropout implements a quadratic form of an adaptive, per-parameter regularizer, which rewards large weights in the light of underfitting, penalizes them for overconfident predictions and vanishes at minima of an unregularized training loss. The derivatives of that regularizer are exclusively based on the training error signal. One consequence of this is the absence of a global weight attractor, which is particularly appealing for RNNs, since the dynamics are not biased towards a certain regime. We positively test the hypothesis that this improves the performance of RNNs on four musical data sets.
The structure of creative cognition in the human brain
(2013)

Creativity is a vast construct, seemingly intractable to scientific inquiry-perhaps due to the vague concepts applied to the field of research. One attempt to limit the purview of creative cognition formulates the construct in terms of evolutionary constraints, namely that of blind variation and selective retention (BVSR). Behaviorally, one can limit the "blind variation" component to idea generation tests as manifested by measures of divergent thinking. The "selective retention" component can be represented by measures of convergent thinking, as represented by measures of remote associates. We summarize results from measures of creative cognition, correlated with structural neuroimaging measures including structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We also review lesion studies, considered to be the "gold standard" of brain-behavioral studies. What emerges is a picture consistent with theories of disinhibitory brain features subserving creative cognition, as described previously (Martindale, 1981). We provide a perspective, involving aspects of the default mode network (DMN), which might provide a "first approximation" regarding how creative cognition might map on to the human brain.
From Partition-Based Clustering to Density-Based Clustering: Fast Find Clusters With Diverse Shapes and Densities in Spatial Databases
(2018)

Spatial data clustering has played an important role in the knowledge discovery in spatial databases. However, due to the increasing volume and diversity of data, conventional spatial clustering methods are inefficient even on moderately large data sets, and usually fail to discover clusters with diverse shapes and densities. To address these challenges, we propose a two-phase clustering method named KMDD (clustering by combining K-means with density and distance-based method) to fast find clusters with diverse shapes and densities in spatial databases. In the first phase, KMDD uses a partition-based algorithm (K-means) to cluster the data set into several relatively small spherical or ball-shaped subclusters. After that, each subcluster is given a local density; to merge subclusters, KMDD utilizes the idea that genuine cluster cores are characterized by a higher density than their neighbor subclusters and by a relatively large distance from subclusters with higher densities. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a near-linear time complexity with respect to the data set size and dimension, and has the capability to find clusters with diverse shapes and densities.
Fair Client Puzzles from the Bitcoin Blockchain
(2016)

Client puzzles have been proposed as a mechanism for proving legitimate intentions by providing “proofs of work”, which can be applied to discourage malicious usage of resources. A typical problem of puzzle constructions is the difference in expected solving time on different computing platforms. We call puzzles which can be solved independently of client computing resources fair client puzzles. We propose a construction for client puzzles requiring widely distributed computational effort for their solution. These puzzles can be solved using the mining process of Bitcoin, or similar cryptocurrencies. Adapting existing definitions, we show that our puzzle construction satisfies formal requirements of client puzzles under reasonable assumptions. We describe a way of transforming our client puzzles for use in denial of service scenarios and demonstrate a practical construction.
Topology and Analysis of Three-Phalanx COSA Finger Based on Linkages for Humanoid Robot Hands
(2010)

The design of a novel linkage three-phalanx finger was proposed in this paper. The finger is based on the concept of COSA (coupling and self-adaptation) and also two-phalanx COSA finger. As a combination of rigid coupled finger and self-adaptive under-actuated finger, the COSA finger has comprehensive grasping ability with human-like motion. Available topology designs were discussed in this paper and then mechanical design in details is given. Motion and grasping patterns of the finger were illustrated and compared with traditional coupled finger and under-actuated finger. Moreover, stability of grasp was simulated by static analysis. The three-phalanx finger with advantages of coupling and self-adaptation can be widely applied in hands for prosthetic limbs or humanoid robots.
Food insufficiency and American school-aged children's cognitive, academic, and psychosocial development.
(2001)

OBJECTIVE
This study investigates associations between food insufficiency and cognitive, academic, and psychosocial outcomes for US children and teenagers ages 6 to 11 and 12 to 16 years.


METHODS
Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were analyzed. Children were classified as food-insufficient if the family respondent reported that his or her family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat. Regression analyses were conducted to test for associations between food insufficiency and cognitive, academic, and psychosocial measures in general and then within lower-risk and higher-risk groups. Regression coefficients and odds ratios for food insufficiency are reported, adjusted for poverty status and other potential confounding factors.


RESULTS
After adjusting for confounding variables, 6- to 11-year-old food-insufficient children had significantly lower arithmetic scores and were more likely to have repeated a grade, have seen a psychologist, and have had difficulty getting along with other children. Food-insufficient teenagers were more likely to have seen a psychologist, have been suspended from school, and have had difficulty getting along with other children. Further analyses divided children into lower-risk and higher-risk groups. The associations between food insufficiency and children's outcomes varied by level of risk.


CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrate that negative academic and psychosocial outcomes are associated with family-level food insufficiency and provide support for public health efforts to increase the food security of American families.
Exploring the Influence of Online Consumers ’ Perception on Purchase Intention as Exemplified with an Online Bookstore
(2011)

The purpose of this study is to use structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the influence of online bookstore consumers’ perception on their purchase intention. Through literature review, four constructs were used to establish a causal relationship between perception of online shopping and consumers’ purchase intention. Questionnaires based on these four constructs were designed and distributed to the customers of an online bookstore; AMOS software as analytical tool was used to build and confirm a SEM model. Results of this study show that product perception, shopping experience, and service quality have positive and significant influence on consumers’ purchase intention, but perceived risk has negative influence on consumers’ purchase intention, and shopping experience is most important.
Application of a Lightweight Encryption Algorithm to a Quantized Speech Image for Secure IoT
(2018)

The IoT Internet of Things being a promising technology of the future. It is expected to connect billions of devices. The increased communication number is expected to generate data mountain and the data security can be a threat. The devices in the architecture are fundamentally smaller in size and low powered. In general, classical encryption algorithms are computationally expensive and this due to their complexity and needs numerous rounds for encrypting, basically wasting the constrained energy of the gadgets. Less complex algorithm, though, may compromise the desired integrity. In this paper we apply a lightweight encryption algorithm named as Secure IoT (SIT) to a quantized speech image for Secure IoT. It is a 64-bit block cipher and requires 64-bit key to encrypt the data. This quantized speech image is constructed by first quantizing a speech signal and then splitting the quantized signal into frames. Then each of these frames is transposed for obtaining the different columns of this quantized speech image. Simulations result shows the algorithm provides substantial security in just five encryption rounds. Keywords—IoT, Security, Encryption, quantized speech image, SNR, PESQ, Histogram, Entropy, Correlation.