SoroushVahidi/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Approximate Reverse Carry Propagate Adder for Energy-Efficient DSP Applications
(2018)

In this paper, a reverse carry propagate adder (RCPA) is presented. In the RCPA structure, the carry signal propagates in a counter-flow manner from the most significant bit to the least significant bit; hence, the carry input signal has higher significance than the output carry. This method of carry propagation leads to higher stability in the presence of delay variations. Three implementations of the reverse carry propagate full-adder (RCPFA) cell with different delay, power, energy, and accuracy levels are introduced. The proposed structure may be combined with an exact (forward) carry adder to form hybrid adders with tunable levels of accuracy. The design parameters of the proposed RCPA implementations and some hybrid adders realized utilizing these structures are studied and compared with those of the state-of-the-art approximate adders using HSPICE simulations in a 45-nm CMOS technology. The results indicate that employing the proposed RCPAs in the hybrid adders may provide, on average, 27%, 6%, and 31% improvements in delay, energy, and energy-delay-product while providing higher levels of accuracy. In addition, the structure is more resilient to delay variation compared to the conventional approximate adder. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed RCPAs is investigated in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) block of the JPEG compression and finite-impulse response (FIR) filter applications. The investigation reveals 60% and 39% energy saving in the DCT of JPEG and FIR filter, respectively, for the proposed RCPAs.
Beyond Autograding: Advances in Student Feedback Platforms
(2017)

1. SUMMARY Automatic grading of programming assignments has been a feature of computer science courses for almost as long as there have been computer science courses [1]. However, contemporary autograding systems in computer science courses have extended their scope far beyond performing automated assessment to include gamification [2], test coverage analysis [3], managing human-authored feedback, contest adjudication [4], secure remote code execution [5], and more. Many of these individual features have been described and evaluated in the computer science education literature, but little attention has been given to the practical benefits and challenges of using the systems that implement these features in computer science courses.
The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products
(2018)

Microalgae have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Microalgae are renewable, sustainable, and economical sources of biofuels, bioactive medicinal products, and food ingredients. Several microalgae species have been investigated for their potential as value-added products with remarkable pharmacological and biological qualities. As biofuels, they are a perfect substitute to liquid fossil fuels with respect to cost, renewability, and environmental concerns. Microalgae have a significant ability to convert atmospheric CO2 to useful products such as carbohydrates, lipids, and other bioactive metabolites. Although microalgae are feasible sources for bioenergy and biopharmaceuticals in general, some limitations and challenges remain, which must be overcome to upgrade the technology from pilot-phase to industrial level. The most challenging and crucial issues are enhancing microalgae growth rate and product synthesis, dewatering algae culture for biomass production, pretreating biomass, and optimizing the fermentation process in case of algal bioethanol production. The present review describes the advantages of microalgae for the production of biofuels and various bioactive compounds and discusses culturing parameters.
Computational Thinking and Expository Writing in the Middle School
(2011)

To broaden participation in computing we need to look beyond traditional domains of inquiry and expertise. We present results from a demonstration project in which interactive journalism was used to infuse computational thinking into the standard curriculum and regular classroom experience at a middle school with a diverse population. Outcomes indicate that we were able to develop positive attitudes about computational thinking and programming among students and teachers who did not necessarily view themselves as “math types.” By partnering with language arts, technology and math teachers at Fisher Middle School, Ewing New Jersey, we introduced the isomorphism between the journalistic process and computational thinking to 7th and 8th graders. An intense summer institute, first with the teachers and then with students recruited from the school, immersed them in the “newsroom of the future” where they researched and wrote news stories, shot and edited video, and developed procedural animations in Scratch to support their storylines. An afterschool club sustained the experience. The teachers adapted interactive journalism and Scratch programming to enrich standard language arts curriculum and are infusing computational thinking in classroom experiences throughout the school.
Modeling HTTP/2 Speed from HTTP/1 Traces
(2016)

With the standardization of HTTP/2, content providers want to understand the benefits and pitfalls of transitioning to the new standard. Using a large dataset of HTTP/1.1 resource timing data from production traffic on Akamai’s CDN, and a model of HTTP/2 behavior, we obtain the distribution of performance differences between the protocol versions for nearly 280,000 downloads. We find that HTTP/2 provides significant performance improvements in the tail, and, for websites for which HTTP/2 does not improve median performance, we explore how optimizations like prioritization and push can improve performance, and how these improvements relate to page structure.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome in India: population-based validation of the Brighton criteria.
(2011)

OBJECTIVE
Case definitions of GBS were recently developed in response to the 2009 H1N1 vaccination programme but have undergone limited field testing. We validate the sensitivity of the Brighton Working Group case definitions for Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) using a population-based cohort in India.


METHODS
The National Polio Surveillance Unit of India actively collects all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children <15 years old, including cases of GBS. Cases of GBS with available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) results, neurological examination, clinical history, and exclusion of related diagnoses were selected (2002-2003). Relevant data were abstracted and entered into a central database. Sensitivity of the Brighton GBS criteria for level 3 of diagnostic certainty which requires no clinical laboratory testing, level 2 which employs CSF or NCS, and level 1 which employs both, were calculated.


RESULTS
79 cases of GBS (mean age 6.5 years, range 4.0-14.5; 39% female) met the case definition. GBS cases were ascending (79%), symmetrical (85%), and bilateral (100%); involving lower extremity hypotonia (86%) and weakness (100%), upper extremity hypotonia (62%) and weakness (80%), areflexia/hyporeflexia (88%), respiratory muscles (22%), bulbar muscles (22%), and cranial nerves (13%). Four limbs were involved in 80% of cases. Mean time to maximal weakness was 5.2 days (range 0.5-30 days) with nadir GBS disability scores of 3 (7%), 4 (67%), 5 (15%), 6 (10%), or unclear (1%). CSF (mean time to lumbar puncture 29 days) was normal in 29% with cytoalbuminologic dissociation in 65% (mean protein 105 mg/dL, range 10-1000; mean cell count 11/μL, range 0-220, n=4 with >50 cells/μL). Significant improvement occurred in 73% whereas death (9%) occurred 6-29 days after sensorimotor symptom onset. The majority of cases (86%) fulfilled Brighton level 3, level 2 (84%), and level 1 (62%) of diagnostic certainty.


CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of GBS can be made using Brighton Working Group criteria in India with moderate to high sensitivity. Brighton Working Group case definitions are a plausible standard for capturing a majority of cases of GBS in field operations in low income settings during AFP surveillance.
3 D Tracking via Body Radio Reflections by
(2014)

This thesis presents WiTrack, a system that tracks the 3D motion of a user from the radio signals reflected off her body. It works even if the person is occluded from the WiTrack device or in a different room. WiTrack does not require the user to carry any wireless device, yet its accuracy exceeds current RF localization systems, which require the user to hold a transceiver. Empirical measurements with a WiTrack prototype show that, on average, it localizes the center of a human body to within a median of 10 to 13 cm in the x and y dimensions, and 21 cm in the z dimension. It also provides coarse tracking of body parts, identifying the direction of a pointing hand with a median of 11.20. WiTrack bridges a gap between RF-based localization systems which locate a user through walls and occlusions, and human-computer interaction systems like Kinect, which can track a user without instrumenting her body, but require the user to stay within the direct line of sight of the device. Thesis Supervisor: Dina Katabi Title: Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy, Hypophagia, and Obesity
(2001)

Orexins (hypocretins) are a pair of neuropeptides implicated in energy homeostasis and arousal. Recent reports suggest that loss of orexin-containing neurons occurs in human patients with narcolepsy. We generated transgenic mice in which orexin-containing neurons are ablated by orexinergic-specific expression of a truncated Machado-Joseph disease gene product (ataxin-3) with an expanded polyglutamine stretch. These mice showed a phenotype strikingly similar to human narcolepsy, including behavioral arrests, premature entry into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, poorly consolidated sleep patterns, and a late-onset obesity, despite eating less than nontransgenic littermates. These results provide evidence that orexin-containing neurons play important roles in regulating vigilance states and energy homeostasis. Orexin/ataxin-3 mice provide a valuable model for studying the pathophysiology and treatment of narcolepsy.
Deep Enhanced Representation for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition
(2018)

Implicit discourse relation recognition is a challenging task as the relation prediction without explicit connectives in discourse parsing needs understanding of text spans and cannot be easily derived from surface features from the input sentence pairs. Thus, properly representing the text is very crucial to this task. In this paper, we propose a model augmented with different grained text representations, including character, subword, word, sentence, and sentence pair levels. The proposed deeper model is evaluated on the benchmark treebank and achieves stateof-the-art accuracy with greater than 48% in 11-way and F1 score greater than 50% in 4-way classifications for the first time according to our best knowledge.
Computational thinking (CT): on weaving it in
(2009)

Paul Curzon Queen Mary University of London Mile End, London, E1 4NS UK +44 (20) 7882 5212 pc@dcs.qmul.ac.uk Joan Peckham Harriet Taylor NSF 4201 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22230, USA (703) 292-7344 jpeckham/htaylor@nsf.gov Amber Settle School of Computing DePaul University 243 S. Wabash Avenue Chicago, IL 60604, USA (312) 362-5324 asettle@cdm.depaul.edu Eric Roberts Computer Science Stanford University 202 Gates Stanford, CA 94305-901 650-723-3642 eroberts@cs.stanford.edu
A Survey of Computation Offloading for Mobile Systems
(2013)

Mobile systems have limited resources, such as battery life, network bandwidth, storage capacity, and processor performance. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation of f loading: sending heavy computation to resourceful servers and receiving the results from these servers. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade. This survey paper provides an overview of the background, techniques, systems, and research areas for offloading computation. We also describe directions for future research.
Adaptive Computation Offloading from Mobile Devices into the Cloud
(2012)

The inherently limited processing power and battery lifetime of mobile phones hinder the possible execution of computationally intensive applications like content-based video analysis or 3D modeling. Offloading of computationally intensive application parts from the mobile platform into a remote cloud infrastructure or nearby idle computers addresses this problem. This paper presents our Mobile Augmentation Cloud Services (MACS) middleware which enables adaptive extension of Android application execution from a mobile client into the cloud. Applications are developed by using the standard Android development pattern. The middleware does the heavy lifting of adaptive application partitioning, resource monitoring and computation offloading. These elastic mobile applications can run as usual mobile application, but they can also reach transparently remote computing resources. Two prototype applications using the MACS middleware demonstrate the benefits of the approach. The evaluation shows that applications, which involve complicated algorithms and large computations, can benefit from offloading with around 95% energy savings and significant performance gains compared to local execution only.
Computing arbitrary functions of encrypted data
(2010)

Suppose that you want to delegate the ability to process your data, without giving away access to it. We show that this separation is possible: we describe a "fully homomorphic" encryption scheme that keeps data private, but that allows a worker that does not have the secret decryption key to compute any (still encrypted) result of the data, even when the function of the data is very complex. In short, a third party can perform complicated processing of data without being able to see it. Among other things, this helps make cloud computing compatible with privacy.
Developing and Implementing Parametric Human Body Shape Models in Ergonomics Software
(2014)

Human figure models included with today’s high-end simulation systems are widely used for ergonomic analysis. Male and female figures can be scaled by inputting standard anthropometric dimensions, such as stature, body weight, and limb lengths to represent a large range of body sizes. However, the shapes of these scaled figures are often unrealistic, particularly for extreme body types, because only a relatively few dimensions of the figures are adjusted. Several software packages have the capability of adjusting the figure to match a body surface scan of an individual, but this capability is insufficient when individuals with a wide range of attributes must be simulated. We present a new figure generation capability in the Jack human modeling software based on a statistical analysis of laser scans of hundreds of men and women. A template mesh based on the Jack figure model was fitted to each scan, and a statistical shape model was created using principal component analysis and regression. The model was integrated within the Jack software to create Jack figures with highly realistic body shapes, usable natively with all simulation and analysis features.
Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime.
(2008)

Elizabeth Scott and Laurence Steinberg explore the dramatic changes in the law's conception of young offenders between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twenty-first. At the dawn of the juvenile court era, they note, most youths were tried and punished as if they were adults. Early juvenile court reformers argued strongly against such a view, believing that the justice system should offer young offenders treatment that would cure them of their antisocial ways. That rehabilitative model of juvenile justice held sway until a sharp upswing in youth violence at the end of the twentieth century led both public opinion and public policy toward a view that youths should be held to the same standard of criminal accountability as adults. Lawmakers seemed to lose sight of developmental differences between adolescents and adults. But Scott and Steinberg note that lawmakers and the public appear now to be rethinking their views once more. A justice system that operates on the principle of "adult time for adult crime" now seems to many to take too little note of age and immaturity in calculating criminal punishment. In 2005 the United States Supreme Court abolished the juvenile death penalty as cruel and unusual punishment, emphasizing that the immaturity of adolescents made them less culpable than adult criminals. In addition, state legislatures recently have repealed or moderated some of the punitive laws they recently enacted. Meanwhile, observe the authors, public anger has abated and attitudes toward young offenders have softened somewhat. In response to these changes, Scott and Steinberg argue that it is appropriate to reexamine juvenile justice policy and to devise a new model for the twenty-first century. In this article, they propose what they call a developmental model. They observe that substantial new scientific evidence about adolescence and criminal activity by adolescents provides the building blocks for a new legal regime superior to today's policy. They put adolescent offenders into an intermediate legal category-neither children, as they were seen in the early juvenile court era, nor adults, as they often are seen today. They observe that such an approach is not only more compatible than the current regime with basic principles of fairness at the heart of the criminal law, but also more likely to promote social welfare by reducing the social cost of juvenile crime.
A survey of consensus problems in multi-agent coordination
(2005)

As a distributed solution to multi-agent coordination, consensus or agreement problems have been studied extensively in the literature. This paper provides a survey of consensus problems in multi-agent cooperative control with the goal of promoting research in this area. Theoretical results regarding consensus seeking under both time-invariant and dynamically changing information exchange topologies are summarized. Applications of consensus protocols to multiagent coordination are investigated. Future research directions and open problems are also proposed.
Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument
(2011)

Security breaches are largely caused by the vulnerable software. Since individuals and organizations mostly depend on softwares, it is important to produce in secured manner. The first step towards producing secured software is through gathering security requirements. This paper describes Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument (SSRGI) that helps gather security requirements from the various stakeholders. This will guide the developers to gather security requirements along with the functional requirements and further incorporate security during other phases of software development. We subsequently present case studies that describe the integration of the SSRGI instrument with Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document as specified in standard IEEE 830-1998. Proposed SSRGI will support the software developers in gathering security requirements in detail during requirements gathering phase.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A VIRTUAL CLASSROOM SYSTEM
(2015)

In the last few decades, education has witnessed some advances in technologies involving computeraided learning that promises to drastically change the methods of teaching and learning. The World Wide Web has played a major role in information storage and dissemination in the educational community. Conventional classroom based teaching involves the delivery of course materials by the lecturer in a particular place at a defined time. Hence it imposes a constraint of time and place on both the instructor and the student. Due to human factor arising from the traditional classroom method, the lecturer may not always be able to put in optimum effort towards preparing and delivering course materials. There may also be inconsistencies in the pedagogy and learning style due to repetitive nature of teaching/learning. The objective of this paper is to develop a virtual classroom system to enhance learning on campus. The system was developed using PHP and MySQL as server side programming and database respectively. The web-based virtual classroom provides a web enabled interactive model for e-learning in which the course material is presented using multimedia and hypermedia.
Regenerative braking for electric vehicle based on fuzzy logic control strategy
(2010)

In order to recycle more energy in the process of regenerative braking, we design a regenerative braking force calculation controller based on fuzzy logic. The sugeno's interface fuzzy logic controller has three-inputs including the driver's brake requirements, vehicle speed and batteries' SOC and one-output which is the regenerative braking force. To ensure charging safety, the influence of batteries' temperature is also taken into consideration. Besides, we modify the original braking force distribution regulations in the simulation software--ADVISOR. The simulation results verify that the method can not only recycle more energy from braking but also ensure the safety of braking and the batteries.
MATLAB functions to analyze directional (azimuthal) data - II: Correlation
(2006)

Data that represent azimuthal directions cannot be analyzed in the same manner as ordinary linear variables that measure, for example, size or quality. This is especially true for correlations between variables. Although many statistical techniques have been developed for dealing with directional data, software is scarce for the unique calculations. This paper describes a MATLAB script, located on the IAMG server, that calculates measures of association (correlations) between two circular variables, or between a circular and a linear variable. The calculations include tests of significance of the associations. These tests use large-sample approximations or resampling methods. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multiscale contrast enhancement for radiographies: Laplacian pyramid versus fast wavelet transform
(2002)

Contrast enhancement of radiographies based on a multiscale decomposition of the images recently has proven to be a far more versatile and efficient method than regular unsharp-masking techniques, while containing these as a subset. In this paper, we compare the performance of two multiscale-methods, namely the Laplacian Pyramid and the fast wavelet transform (FWT). We find that enhancement based on the FWT suffers from one serious drawback-the introduction of visible artifacts when large structures are enhanced strongly. By contrast, the Laplacian Pyramid allows a smooth enhancement of large structures, such that visible artifacts can be avoided. Only for the enhancement of very small details, for denoising applications or compression of images, the FWT may have some advantages over the Laplacian Pyramid.