SoroushVahidi/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs for anterior teeth.
(2002)

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The conservation of sound tooth structure helps preserve tooth vitality and reduce postoperative sensitivity. Innovative preparation designs, like those for porcelain laminate veneers, are much less invasive than conventional complete-coverage crown preparations. However, no study has quantified the amount of tooth structure removed during these preparations.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the amount of tooth structure removed when various innovative and conventional tooth preparation designs were completed on different teeth.


MATERIAL AND METHOD
. A new comprehensive tooth preparation design classification system was introduced. Typodont resin teeth representing the maxillary left central incisor, maxillary left canine, and mandibular left central incisor were prepared with the following designs: partial (V1), traditional (V2), extended (V3), and complete (V4) porcelain laminate veneer preparations; resin-bonded retainer preparation with grooves (A1) and with wing/grooves (A2); all-ceramic crown preparation with 0.8 mm axial reduction and tapering chamfer finish line (F1), all-ceramic crown preparation with 1.0 mm axial reduction and rounded shoulder finish line (F2), and metal-ceramic crown with 1.4 mm axial reduction and facial shoulder finish line (F3). After tooth preparations (10 per group), the crown was separated from the root at the CEJ. The removed coronal tooth structure was measured with gravimetric analysis. Means and standard deviations for tooth structure removal with different preparation designs were calculated and analyzed with analysis of variance at a significance level of P<.05.


RESULTS
Significant differences in the amount of tooth structure removal were noted between preparation designs. Ceramic veneers and resin-bonded prosthesis retainers were the least invasive preparation designs, removing approximately 3% to 30% of the coronal tooth structure by weight. Approximately 63% to 72% of the coronal tooth structure was removed when teeth were prepared for all-ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns. For a single crown restoration, the tooth structure removal required for an F3 preparation (metal-ceramic crown) was 4.3 times greater than for a V2 preparation (porcelain laminate veneer, facial surface only) and 2.4 times greater than for a V4 preparation (more extensive porcelain laminate veneer).


CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, tooth preparations for porcelain laminate veneers and resin-bonded prostheses required approximately one-quarter to one-half the amount of tooth reduction of conventional complete-coverage crowns.
InTouch Tactile Tales: Haptic Feedback and Long-Distance Storytelling
(2015)

The squeeze of an arm during a tense moment in a story -- an absentminded caress on the back of the hand while listening to an engaging tale -- the physical presence and interpersonal touch of a loved one can be an important part of reading to a child. However the thrill of the tale is often lost and the intimacy diluted when separated families have to resort to the flatness of a video-call or mobile app to share a bedtime story with their loved one. This project is setting out to create a physical story portal, a magical object which uses technologies to link teller and listener through sound, light and touch to help bridge this gap when families are separated. While the development of the InTouch reading system is still in the preliminary stages, a prototype handheld device has been created to allow adults and children to share touch-based messages during story time. It has been trialled with several families in the lab, and the initial results have pointed to both guidance and design considerations that should be taken into account for such a system to be successfully deployed.
Quaternion Zernike moments and their invariants for color image analysis and object recognition
(2012)

Moments and moment invariants have become a powerfu l tool in pattern recognition and image analysis. C onventional methods to deal with color images are based on RGB decomposition or graying, which may lose some signi ficant color information. In this paper, by using the algebra of quaternions, we introduce the quaternion Zernike m oments (QZMs) to deal with the color images in a holistic manner. It is s hown that the QZMs can be obtained from the convent ional Zernike moments of each channel. We also provide the theore tical framework to construct a set of combined inva riants with respect to rotation, scaling and translation (RST) transfor mation. Experimental results are provided to illust rate the efficiency of the proposed descriptors.
Bilayer Phosphorene: Effect of Stacking Order on Bandgap and Its Potential Applications in Thin-Film Solar Cells.
(2014)

Phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus, is promising for nanoelectronic applications not only because it is a natural p-type semiconductor but also because it possesses a layer-number-dependent direct bandgap (in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 eV). On basis of the density functional theory calculations, we investigate electronic properties of the bilayer phosphorene with different stacking orders. We find that the direct bandgap of the bilayers can vary from 0.78 to 1.04 eV with three different stacking orders. In addition, a vertical electric field can further reduce the bandgap to 0.56 eV (at the field strength 0.5 V/Å). More importantly, we find that when a monolayer of MoS2 is superimposed with the p-type AA- or AB-stacked bilayer phosphorene, the combined trilayer can be an effective solar-cell material with type-II heterojunction alignment. The power conversion efficiency is predicted to be ∼18 or 16% with AA- or AB-stacked bilayer phosphorene, higher than reported efficiencies of the state-of-the-art trilayer graphene/transition metal dichalcogenide solar cells.
Transfer of mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes rescues apoptotic PC12 cells
(2015)

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are F-actin-based membrane tubes that form between cells in culture and in tissues. They mediate intercellular communication ranging from electrical signalling to the transfer of organelles. Here, we studied the role of TNTs in the interaction between apoptotic and healthy cells. We found that pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 cells treated with ultraviolet light (UV) were rescued when cocultured with untreated PC12 cells. UV-treated cells formed a different type of TNT with untreated PC12 cells, which was characterized by continuous microtubule localized inside these TNTs. The dynamic behaviour of mCherry-tagged end-binding protein 3 and the accumulation of detyrosinated tubulin in these TNTs indicate that they are regulated structures. In addition, these TNTs show different biophysical properties, for example, increased diameter allowing dye entry, prolonged lifetime and decreased membrane fluidity. Further studies demonstrated that microtubule-containing TNTs were formed by stressed cells, which had lost cytochrome c but did not enter into the execution phase of apoptosis characterized by caspase-3 activation. Moreover, mitochondria colocalized with microtubules in TNTs and transited along these structures from healthy to stressed cells. Importantly, impaired formation of TNTs and untreated cells carrying defective mitochondria were unable to rescue UV-treated cells in the coculture. We conclude that TNT-mediated transfer of functional mitochondria reverse stressed cells in the early stages of apoptosis. This provides new insights into the survival mechanisms of damaged cells in a multicellular context.
Business Analytics in the Context of Big Data: A Roadmap for Research
(2015)

This paper builds on academic and industry discussions from the 2012 and 2013 pre-ICIS events: BI Congress III and the Special Interest Group on Decision Support Systems (SIGDSS) workshop, respectively. Recognizing the potential of “big data” to offer new insights for decision making and innovation, panelists at the two events discussed how organizations can use and manage big data for competitive advantage. In addition, expert panelists helped to identify research gaps. While emerging research in the academic community identifies some of the issues in acquiring, analyzing, and using big data, many of the new developments are occurring in the practitioner community. We bridge the gap between academic and practitioner research by presenting a big data analytics framework that depicts a process view of the components needed for big data analytics in organizations. Using practitioner interviews and literature from both academia and practice, we identify the current state of big data research guided by the framework and propose potential areas for future research to increase the relevance of academic research to practice.
The Price of Anarchy in Supply Chains: Quantifying the Efficiency of Price-Only Contracts
(2007)

I this paper, we quantify the efficiency of decentralized supply chains that use price-only contracts. With a price-only contract, a buyer and a seller agree only on a constant transaction price, without specifying the amount that will be transferred. It is well known that these contracts do not provide incentives to the parties to coordinate their inventory/capacity decisions. We measure efficiency with the price of anarchy (PoA), defined as the largest ratio of profits between the integrated supply chain (that is, fully coordinated) and the decentralized supply chain. We characterize the efficiency of various supply chain configurations: push or pull inventory positioning, two or more stages, serial or assembly systems, single or multiple competing suppliers, and single or multiple competing retailers.
Learning Semantic Script Knowledge with Event Embeddings
(2013)

Induction of common sense knowledge about prototypical sequences of events has recently received much attention (e.g., (Chambers & Jurafsky, 2008; Regneri et al., 2010)). Instead of inducing this knowledge in the form of graphs, as in much of the previous work, in our method, distributed representations of event realizations are computed based on distributed representations of predicates and their arguments, and then these representations are used to predict prototypical event orderings. The parameters of the compositional process for computing the event representations and the ranking component of the model are jointly estimated from texts. We show that this approach results in a substantial boost in ordering performance with respect to previous methods.
Experimental study platform of the automatic transfer switch used to power supplies back-up
(2013)

This paper presents the practical implementation of an experimental platform used for the automatic transfer switch to the back-up power source. The automatic transfer switch concept represents the procedure of fast connection of the electrical consumers to a back-up electric power source. The connection to the back-up power source is necessary in the event of failure of the main power source. The experimental platform is designed to operate in automatic standard mode, manual mode and through a programmable logic controller. The selection's mode of operation is determined by the operation's key. The simulation of grid faults on the power supply is done by means of the controls and the variable voltage regulators located on the experimental platform. The automatic transfer switch is conditioned by the effective status of the power supply and minimum voltage allowed by devices. The signaling status of the power supply is performed based on the information received from relays of interface and programmable logic controllers. The platform presents to users two technologies able to achieve the same function. Thus, in case of the classic mode of the automatic transfer switch, the wired technology is used and this involves many components and related links. In case of the automatic transfer switch based on programmable logic controller, a technology based on programming is also implemented. Using this platform, the advantage of implementation of programmable logic controllers versus wired technology in industrial applications can be observed.
Power to the people? The evolving recognition of human aspects of security
(2012)

It is perhaps unsurprising to find much of the focus in IT and computer security being drawn towards the technical aspects of the discipline. However, it is increasingly recognised that technology alone cannot deliver a complete solution, and there is also a tangible need to address human aspects. At the core, people must understand the threats they face and be able to use the protection available to them, and although this has not been entirely ignored, it has not received the level of attention that it merits either. Indeed, security surveys commonly reveal that the more directly user-facing aspects such as policy, training and education are prone to receiving significantly less attention than technical controls such as firewalls, antivirus and intrusion detection. The underlying reason for such disparity is that the human aspects are in many ways a more challenging problem to approach, not least because they cannot be easily targeted with a product-based solution. There is also a direct overlap into the technical area, with issues such as the usability and acceptability of technology solutions having a direct impact upon the actual protection that they are able to deliver. This paper explores these themes, highlighting the need for human aspects to form part of a holistic security strategy alongside the necessary technologies. Taking the specific examples of security awareness and two user-facing technical controls (user authentication and antivirus), the discussion examines how things have evolved to the present day and considers how they need to be positioned for the future. a 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modeling Label Ambiguity for Neural List-Wise Learning to Rank
(2017)

List-wise learning to rank methods are considered to be the stateof-the-art. One of the major problems with these methods is that the ambiguous nature of relevance labels in learning to rank data is ignored. Ambiguity of relevance labels refers to the phenomenon that multiple documents may be assigned the same relevance label for a given query, so that no preference order should be learned for those documents. In this paper we propose a novel sampling technique for computing a list-wise loss that can take into account this ambiguity. We show the e ectiveness of the proposed method by training a 3-layer deep neural network. We compare our new loss function to two strong baselines: ListNet and ListMLE. We show that our method generalizes better and signi cantly outperforms other methods on the validation and test sets. CCS CONCEPTS •Computingmethodologies→Neural networks; •Information systems →Learning to rank;
The incredible queen of green: Nutritive value and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam.
(2015)

Moringa oleifera Lam. (synonym: Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.) (M. oleifera) known in 82 countries by 210 different names is well known by the name of the miracle tree. It is one of the extensively cultivated and highly valued members of Moringaceae, a monogeneric family, comprising of thirteen perennial angiosperm shrubs and trees[1-3]. Moringa tree is endemic to the Himalayan foothills of Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and India, and is cultivated throughout tropics. It is recognized by a mixture of vernacular names, among of them, drumstick tree, horseradish tree, ben oil tree and malunggay are the most commonly reported in the history of this plant[4]. In Pakistan, Sohanjna is the vernacular name of M. oleifera[5,6]. It yields low quality timber, as it is a softwood tree, but it is belived for centuries that this plant possesses a number of industrial, traditional and medicinal benefits[7]. Fertilizer (seed cake), green manure (leaves), blue dye (wood), fencing (living trees), domestic cleaning agent (crushed leaves), alley cropping, animal feed (leaves and seed cake), medicine (all plant parts), foliar nutrient (juice expressed from the leaves), gum (tree trunks), biogas (leaves), biopesticide, ornamental plantings, water purifier (powdered seeds), honey (flower nectar) are different uses of this plant reported in literature[2,6,8-20]. M. oleifera is a good source of aminoacids and contains a number of important minerals, β-carotene, various phenolics and vitamins[21,22]. M. oleifera is also an important vegetable food article of trade, particularly in Pakistan, Hawaii, Philippines, Africa and India which has a huge deliberation as the natural nutrition[1,23]. In South Asia, various plant parts, including leaves, bark, root, gum, flowers, pods, seeds and seed oil are used for the variety of infectious and inflammatory disorders along with hepatorenal, gastrointestinal, hematological and cardiovascular diseases[22,24-26]. Various therapeutic potentials are also credited to different parts of ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Bayesian models for Large-scale Hierarchical Classification
(2012)

A challenging problem in hierarchical classification is to leverage the hierarchical relations among classes for improving classification performance. An even greater challenge is to do so in a manner that is computationally feasible for large scale problems. This paper proposes a set of Bayesian methods to model hierarchical dependencies among class labels using multivariate logistic regression. Specifically, the parent-child relationships are modeled by placing a hierarchical prior over the children nodes centered around the parameters of their parents; thereby encouraging classes nearby in the hierarchy to share similar model parameters. We present variational algorithms for tractable posterior inference in these models, and provide a parallel implementation that can comfortably handle largescale problems with hundreds of thousands of dimensions and tens of thousands of classes. We run a comparative evaluation on multiple large-scale benchmark datasets that highlights the scalability of our approach and shows improved performance over the other state-of-the-art hierarchical methods.
A critical survey of state-of-the-art image inpainting quality assessment metrics
(2017)

7 Image inpainting is the process of restoring missing pixels in digital images in a plausible way. Research in image inpainting has received considerable attention in di erent areas, including restoration of old and damaged documents, removal of undesirable objects, computational photography, retouching applications, etc. The challenge is that the recovery processes themselves introduce noticeable artifacts within and around the restored image regions. As an alternative to subjective evaluation by humans, a number of approaches have been introduced to quantify inpainting processes objectively. Unfortunately, existing objective metrics have their own strengths and weaknesses as they use di erent criteria. This paper provides a thorough insight into existing metrics related to image inpainting quality assessment, developed during the last few years. The paper provides, under a new framework, a comprehensive description of existing metrics, their strengths, their weaknesses, and a detailed performance analysis on real images from public image inpainting database. The paper also outlines future research directions and applications of inpainting and inpainting-related quality assessment measures.
Programming your network at run-time for big data applications
(2012)

Recent advances of software defined networking and optical switching technology make it possible to program the network stack all the way from physical topology to flow level traffic control. In this paper, we leverage the combination of SDN controller with optical switching to explore the tight integration of application and network control. We particularly study the run-time network configuration for big data applications to jointly optimize application performance and network utilization. We use Hadoop as an example to discuss the integrated network control architecture, job scheduling, topology and routing configuration mechanisms for Hadoop jobs. Our analysis suggests that such an integrated control has great potential to improve application performance with relatively small configuration overhead. We believe our study shows early promise of achieving the long-term goal of tight network and application integration using SDN.
A Fundamental Storage-Communication Tradeoff in Distributed Computing with Straggling Nodes
(2019)

The optimal storage-computation tradeoff is characterized for a MapReduce-like distributed computing system with straggling nodes, where only a part of the nodes can be utilized to compute the desired output functions. The result holds for arbitrary output functions and thus generalizes previous results that restricted to linear functions. Specifically, in this work, we propose a new information-theoretical converse and a new matching coded computing scheme, that we call coded computing for straggling systems (CCS).
Language, cognition, and short-term memory in individuals with Down syndrome.
(2001)

The developmentally emerging phenotype of language and cognition in individuals with Down syndrome is summarized on the basis of the project's prior work. Identified are a) the emerging divergence of expressive and receptive language, b) the emerging divergence of lexical and syntactic knowledge in each process, and c) the emerging divergence within cognitive skills of auditory short-term memory and visuospatial short-term memory from other visuospatial skills. Expressive syntax and auditory short-term memory are identified as areas of particular difficulty. Evidence for the continued acquisition of language skills in adolescence is presented. The role of the two components of working memory, auditory and visual, in language development is investigated in studies of narrative and longitudinal change in language skills. Predictors of individual differences during six years of language development are evaluated through hierarchical linear modelling. Chronological age, visuospatial short-term memory, and auditory-short term memory are identified as key predictors of performance at study entry, but not individual change over time, for expressive syntax. The same predictors account for variation in comprehension skill at study outset; and change over the six years can be predicted by chronological age and the change in visuospatial short-term memory skills.
The MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences: Sign Languages
(2005)

Sign languages (alternatively, signed languages) are human languages whose forms consist of sequences of movements and configurations of the hands and arms, face, and upper torso. Typically, sign languages are perceived through the visual mode. Sign languages thus contrast, of course, with spoken languages, whose forms consist of sounds produced by sequences of movements and configurations of the mouth and vocal tract. More informally, then, sign languages are visual-gestural languages, whereas spoken languages are auditory-vocal languages.