TangiPaint: A Tangible Digital Painting System
(2011)

TangiPaint is a digital painting application that provides the experience of working with real materials such as canvas and oil paint. Using fingers on the touchscreen of an iPad or iPhone, users can lay down strokes of thick, three-dimensional paint on a simulated canvas. Then using the Tangible Display technology introduced by Darling and Ferwerda [1], users can tilt the display screen to see the gloss and relief or "impasto" of the simulated surface, and modify it until they get the appearance they desire. Scene lighting can also be controlled through direct gesture-based interaction. A variety of "paints" with different color and gloss properties and substrates with different textures are available and new ones can be created or imported. The tangiPaint system represents a first step toward developing digital art media that look and behave like real materials. Introduction The development of computer-based digital art tools has had a huge impact on a wide range of creative fields. In commercial art, advertisements incorporating images, text, and graphic elements can be laid out and easily modified using digital illustration applications. In cinema, background matte elements can be digitally drawn, painted, and seamlessly integrated with live footage. In fine art, painters, printers, and engravers have also been embracing the new creative possibilities of computer-based art tools. The recent introduction of mobile, tablet-based computers with high-resolution displays, graphics processing units (GPUs) and multi-touch capabilities is also creating new possibilities for direct interaction in digital painting. However a significant limitation of most digital painting tools is that the final product is just a digital image (typically an array of RGB color values). All the colors, textures and lighting effects that we see when we look at the digital painting are “baked in” to the image by the painter. In contrast, when a painter works with real tools and media, the color, gloss, and textural properties of the work are a natural byproduct of the creative process, and lighting effects such as highlights and shadows are produced directly through interactions of the surface with light in the environment. In this paper we introduce tangiPaint, a new tablet-based digital painting system that attempts to bridge the gap between the real and digital worlds. tangiPaint is a tangible painting application that allows artists to work with digital media that look and behave like real materials. Figure 1 shows screenshots from the tangiPaint application implemented on an Apple iPad2. In Figure 1a an artist has painted a number of brushstrokes on a blank canvas. Note that in addition to color, the strokes vary in gloss, thickness, and texture, and run out just as if they were real paint laid down with a real brush. The paints also layer and mix realistically as they would on a real canvas. Figure 1. Screenshots of paintings created using the tangiPaint system. Note the gloss and relief of the brushstrokes and the texture of the underlying canvas. The system allows direct interaction with the “painted” surface both in terms of paint application and manipulation of surface orientation and