Anchor: That is, the effective rates--the actual taxes paid as a proportion of income--on the rich are higher than those on the middle class.
Entailed: The actual taxes that are paid in proportion to an income are called the effective rates.
Contradiction: The effective rates are the flat tax rates charged to everyone regardless of income.
Contradiction: No one needs to explain any of these facts.  
Contradiction: A puppy playing.
Contradiction: Thorn and Kal were going back home and were going to avoid everyone.
Contradiction: A group walks.