Anchor: Over a dozen studies have found significant associations between various measures of long-term exposure to PM and elevated rates of annual mortality (e.g.
Entailed: Studies have found associations between long term exposure to PM and elevated rates of mortality. 
Contradiction: There is no correlation between PM exposure and mortality rates. 
Contradiction: The white dog is sleeping
Contradiction: Increasing the discount might cause a savings in volume.
Contradiction: At the picnic, all ranks of police officers are dressed casually.
Contradiction: You sound like you may have done that before.