Table 8: Classification accuracy (%) and their corresponding standard deviations on ablation study of individual components on CIFAR10-C for 15 types of corruptions under five scenarios. Bold numbers are the highest accuracy. Averaged over three different random seeds.
Method	Noise	Blur	Weather	Digital
Gau.	Shot	Imp.	Def.	Gla.	Mot.	Zoom	Snow	Fro.	Fog.	Brit.	Cont.	Elas.	Pix.	JPEG	Avg.
Benign	Source	26.0 ±3.3	33.2 ±3.5	24.7 ±4.2	56.7 ±2.7	52.0 ±2.7	67.4 ±1.2	64.8 ±2.6	78.0 ±0.4	67.0 ±2.5	74.1 ±0.8	91.5 ±0.3	33.9 ±1.8	76.6 ±0.7	46.4 ±0.6	73.2 ±0.8	57.7 ±1.0
HC	10.2 ±0.1	10.9 ±0.9	10.7 ±0.7	61.9 ±31.5	14.2 ±0.4	41.8 ±21.6	82.0 ±2.0	32.1 ±11.6	36.3 ±17.7	52.3 ±28.7	88.7 ±1.1	11.2 ±1.3	34.0 ±15.8	14.2 ±3.9	23.5 ±3.8	34.9 ±4.8
UC	26.0 ±19.5	42.0 ±27.4	10.5 ±0.5	82.4 ±0.8	59.0 ±1.2	79.3 ±1.8	82.5 ±1.4	77.5 ±1.2	76.5 ±1.5	81.5 ±0.6	86.3 ±1.5	73.2 ±6.0	73.3 ±1.1	74.9 ±1.6	71.4 ±1.4	66.4 ±3.0
HC + UC (HUS)	20.7 ±15.1	57.8 ±4.7	21.1 ±9.5	84.6 ±0.9	62.4 ±1.8	83.4 ±0.5	85.2 ±1.1	80.5 ±1.4	79.3 ±0.5	84.5 ±1.0	89.8 ±0.3	69.5 ±11.5	76.4 ±1.3	76.3 ±2.2	75.1 ±0.4	69.8 ±1.1
ESM	76.0 ±0.6	78.3 ±0.4	69.3 ±0.5	89.0 ±0.2	69.7 ±1.7	87.9 ±0.4	89.6 ±0.2	85.3 ±0.4	84.1 ±0.7	87.7 ±0.3	92.1 ±0.2	88.1 ±0.8	79.6 ±1.0	84.2 ±0.4	78.5 ±0.3	82.6 ±0.2
HC + ESM	74.9 ±0.8	78.1 ±0.0	69.0 ±0.6	88.8 ±0.3	70.9 ±0.6	87.7 ±0.6	89.2 ±0.1	85.7 ±0.5	84.4 ±0.1	87.8 ±0.1	92.2 ±0.3	84.0 ±0.6	79.7 ±0.7	83.7 ±0.8	78.1 ±0.4	82.3 ±0.2
UC + ESM	74.9 ±0.5	77.1 ±1.1	68.2 ±0.5	88.7 ±0.4	71.0 ±1.5	87.4 ±0.3	89.1 ±1.0	85.0 ±0.5	84.0 ±0.3	87.8 ±0.9	92.0 ±0.3	86.2 ±2.4	79.8 ±1.0	84.4 ±0.6	78.0 ±0.8	82.2 ±0.2
HUS + ESM (SoTTA)	75.0 ±1.1	77.5 ±0.6	68.8 ±0.7	88.8 ±0.4	70.7 ±1.2	87.5 ±0.5	89.0 ±0.5	85.4 ±0.3	84.0 ±0.7	88.2 ±0.2	91.9 ±1.5	83.9 ±1.5	79.8 ±0.4	83.9 ±0.5	78.3 ±0.7	82.2 ±0.3
Near	Source	26.0 ±3.3	33.2 ±3.5	24.7 ±4.2	56.7 ±2.7	52.0 ±2.7	67.4 ±1.2	64.8 ±2.6	78.0 ±0.4	67.0 ±2.5	74.1 ±0.8	91.5 ±0±0.3	33.9 ±1.8	76.6 ±0.7	46.4 ±0.6	73.2 ±0.8	57.7 ±1.0
HC	10.3 ±0.1	10.6 ±0.3	10.1 ±0.0	12.6 ±2.9	12.3 ±2.5	11.9 ±0.5	16.7 ±4.8	16.1 ±1.9	14.4 ±1.4	15.6 ±2.4	16.6 ±0.6	11.2 ±1.5	19.7 ±3.6	13.2 ±1.2	14.0 ±0.7	13.6 ±0.3
UC	42.6 ±6.6	48.3 ±2.4	20.8 ±4.5	73.3 ±2.2	50.4 ±3.9	73.1 ±1.8	74.9 ±3.3	71.0 ±2.2	67.5 ±1.9	74.7 ±4.7	82.4 ±0.9	59.7 ±1.9	64.3 ±0.8	64.9 ±1.9	64.2 ±1.9	62.1 ±0.8
HC + UC (HUS)	32.8 ±2.5	42.5 ±3.5	15.9 ±7.3	73.8 ±2.5	51.1 ±2.1	73.8 ±1.9	77.8 ±2.8	65.1 ±13.4	70.8 ±1.1	77.6 ±0.5	84.6 ±2.7	61.6 ±1.2	69.7 ±4.7	62.6 ±3.2	66.2 ±3.2	61.7 ±1.3
ESM	67.9 ±1.4	69.7 ±0.5	58.5 ±0.6	84.6 ±1.4	63.0 ±3.5	83.9 ±0.8	86.7 ±0.1	82.5 ±0.4	81.3 ±0.5	85.2 ±0.6	90.6 ±2.5	83.3 ±1.9	77.9 ±1.5	76.7 ±1.5	76.0 ±1.5	77.9 ±0.4
HC + ESM	73.6 ±1.4	75.6 ±1.7	64.3 ±3.9	87.3 ±1.0	66.7 ±0.6	86.3 ±0.7	87.6 ±0.5	84.8 ±0.2	83.2 ±0.3	86.9 ±0.9	90.7 ±0.7	87.3 ±0.5	79.1 ±0.9	82.3 ±0.8	77.3 ±1.3	80.9 ±0.6
UC + ESM	68.1 ±2.3	69.4 ±0.9	60.3 ±2.9	84.8 ±0.6	64.6 ±2.3	84.2 ±1.1	85.5 ±0.2	82.2 ±0.6	81.7 ±1.7	85.3 ±0.7	90.8 ±1.0	84.4 ±1.2	77.0 ±1.2	75.5 ±0.1	76.5 ±0.9	78.0 ±0.4
HUS + ESM (SoTTA)	74.3 ±1.4	76.7 ±0.9	66.5 ±2.2	87.5 ±0.1	66.9 ±0.8	86.4 ±0.6	87.8 ±0.5	84.4 ±0.6	83.8 ±0.2	87.2 ±0.5	91.3 ±0.2	88.4 ±0.7	78.7 ±1.1	82.4 ±0.5	78.0 ±0.6	81.4 ±0.5
Far	Source	26.0 ±3.3	33.2 ±3.5	24.7 ±4.2	56.7 ±2.7	52.0 ±2.7	67.4 ±1.2	64.8 ±2.6	78.0 ±0.4	67.0 ±2.5	74.1 ±0.8	91.5 ±0+0.3	33.9 ±1.8	76.6 ±0.7	46.4 ±0.6	73.2 ±0.8	57.7 ±1.0
HC	10.3 ±0.1	10.7 ±0.8	10.1 ±0.0	15.4 ±7.3	12.1 ±0.7	17.4 ±6.7	26.7 ±22.2	16.2 ±3.1	16.6 ±2.6	17.9 ±7.7	55.5 ±28.4	11.0 ±0.7	15.3 ±1.6	12.9 ±4.7	15.8 ±4.7	17.6 ±3.8
UC	49.3 ±4.9	43.5 ±6.2	10.2 ±0.3	66.8 ±4.4	46.7 ±1.8	65.3 ±3.3	69.4 ±3.8	67.5 ±0.5	62.0 ±3.1	65.8 ±3.8	74.3 ±1.7	55.4 ±11.1	55.8 ±5.4	59.2 ±1.0	55.8 ±4.0	56.5 ±2.0
HC + UC (HUS)	18.5 ±7.1	26.2 ±15.7	11.9 ±3.3	70.0 ±3.0	49.2 ±6.2	72.0 ±2.9	77.7 ±2.9	72.8 ±1.0	70.2 ±3.6	75.2 ±1.8	84.2 ±1.0	53.9 ±9.4	62.9 ±4.8	65.2 ±2.3	66.3 ±2.8	58.4 ±0.5
ESM	59.2 ±2.2	62.0 ±1.8	49.7 ±4.0	84.3 ±2.1	52.2 ±2.3	83.3 ±0.9	85.2 ±0.8	78.3 ±0.6	75.0 ±0.6	85.2 ±0.7	88.5 ±0.3	78.8 ±5.5	71.9 ±2.0	71.8 ±2.9	66.6 ±2.3	72.8 ±0.7
HC + ESM	60.6 ±3.2	64.7 ±3.4	55.2 ±7.7	84.8 ±0.3	55.7 ±8.8	82.1 ±1.3	83.9 ±1.7	81.8 ±1.0	82.2 ±2.6	83.6 ±0.9	90.3 ±0.9	82.5 ±0.6	70.4 ±5.5	76.6 ±5.2	69.0 ±2.4	74.9 ±2.4
UC + ESM	64.0 ±1.9	67.7 ±4.6	57.3 ±2.9	84.2 ±1.1	56.5 ±3.5	84.5 ±0.8	85.9 ±0.7	78.7 ±1.6	79.0 ±0.8	85.1 ±0.8	90.8 ±0.4	84.9 ±0.9	73.5 ±1.0	76.8 ±0.4	69.3 ±0.9	75.9 ±0.5
HUS + ESM (SoTTA)	73.3 ±1.2	76.3 ±1.9	66.3 ±2.5	88.5 ±0.6	68.3 ±2.3	86.8 ±0.7	88.3 ±0.2	84.1 ±1.0	84.2 ±0.6	87.2 ±0.4	92.0 ±1.1	89.0 ±1.1	77.8 ±0.9	83.8 ±1.2	77.8 ±0.6	81.6 ±0.6
Attack	Source	26.0 ±3.3	33.2 ±3.5	24.7 ±4.2	56.7 ±2.7	52.0 ±2.7	67.4 ±1.2	64.8 ±2.6	78.0 ±0.4	67.0 ±2.5	74.1 ±0.8	91.5 ±0-3	33.9 ±1.8	76.6 ±0.7	46.4 ±0.6	73.2 ±0.8	57.7 ±1.0
HC	10.2 ±0.1	10.7 ±0.3	10.1 ±0.0	15.4 ±7.3	12.1 ±0.7	17.4 ±6.7	26.7 ±22.2	16.2 ±3.1	16.6 ±2.6	17.9 ±0.5	55.5 ±0-3	11.0 ±0.3	15.3 ±1.6	12.9 ±0.5	15.8 ±0.8	17.6 ±1.6
UC	44.1 ±0.4	47.3 ±1.1	10.1 ±0.2	82.9 ±2.4	63.1 ±1.8	81.7 ±4.4	84.8 ±1.3	79.1 ±0.7	79.0 ±2.6	83.7 ±0.8	88.5 ±1.7	81.0 ±0.9	73.2 ±1.2	78.5 ±0.4	73.3 ±0.9	70.0 ±0.5
HC + UC (HUS)	16.1 ±7.5	26.3 ±2.9	10.3 ±1.1	35.4 ±13.5	42.1 ±14.5	47.9 ±14.7	54.4 ±29.7	46.4 ±14.4	45.3 ±31.9	55.0 ±24.3	49.8 ±3.2	47.5 ±27.0	42.6 ±22.5	51.1 ±11.6	56.5 ±14.9	40.9 ±5.5
ESM	77.0 ±0.6	79.5 ±0.3	71.6 ±0.4	89.0 ±0.6	71.8 ±0.6	88.3 ±0.3	89.6 ±0.6	86.3 ±0.7	85.5 ±0.6	88.1 ±0.4	92.1 ±0-0	87.2 ±1.3	80.4 ±0.8	85.4 ±0.9	79.8 ±0.9	83.4 ±0.2
HC + ESM	77.8 ±0.3	79.7 ±0.3	70.9 ±0.2	89.3 ±0.3	71.8 ±1.4	87.9 ±0.4	89.6 ±0.5	86.1 ±0.2	85.4 ±0.3	88.7 ±0.2	92.2 ±0-0	87.3 ±0.5	80.4 ±0-0	85.7 ±0.6	79.8 ±0.3	83.5 ±0.2
UC + ESM	78.2 ±0.2	80.1 ±0.4	72.3 ±0.9	89.9 ±0.2	73.6 ±0.8	89.1 ±0.1	90.2 ±0.2	86.7 ±0.2	85.7 ±0.2	90.3 ±0-0	88.6 ±0-0	81.0 ±0-2	86.0 ±0-2	81.0 ±0-2	86.0 ±0-5	84.3 ±0-1
HUS + ESM (SoTTA)	78.2 ±0.3	80.8 ±0.1	72.3 ±0.8	90.1 ±0.2	73.6 ±0.9	89.2 ±0.4	90.3 ±0-0	87.4 ±0-0	86.2 ±0-0	89.3 ±0-0	92.9 ±0-1	87.8 ±0-2	81.3 ±0-3	86.6 ±0-3	81.0 ±0-3	84.5 ±0-2
Noise	Source	26.0 ±3.3	33.2 ±3.5	24.7 ±4.2	56.7 ±2.7	52.0 ±2.7	67.4 ±1.2	64.8 ±2.6	78.0 ±0.4	67.0 ±2.5	74.1 ±0.8	91.5 ±0·3	33.9 ±1.8	76.6 ±0·7	46.4 ±0·6	73.2 ±0·8	57.7 ±1·0
HC	10.3 ±0.1	10.7 ±0.0	10.1 ±0.0	17.5 ±9.5	11.8 ±1.0	18.1 ±5.6	18.9 ±1.3	19.0 ±1.0	25.4 ±10.9	41.6 ±6.3	11.1 ±0·6	15.1 ±0·6	13.7 ±0·6	12.9 ±0·6	13.7 ±0·5	14.6 ±0·2
UC	24.8 ±25.5	41.8 ±27.4	10.1 ±0.3	72.4 ±3.4	53.0 ±2.2	70.0 ±15	74.1 ±22	69.9 ±0.9	66.6 ±0-12	77.9 ±10·0	88.3 ±0-6	67.7 ±1-9	64.2 ±2-1	67.2 ±2-1	63.2 ±1-1	58.5 ±2-1
HC + UC (HUS)	21.7 ±14.1	40.5 ±19.4	10.7 ±1.0	74.0 ±4.6	46.6 ±13.0	72.5 ±41	78.1 ±3,6	73.3 ±0-9	75.6 ±1,9	76,6 81,2	89,3 91,5	40,9 ±2,3	45,6 ±17,3	65,9 ±2,4	67,4 ±3,9	53,9 ±1,4
ESM	59.4 ±2.1	59.9 ±1,4	51,7 ±1,5	62,0 ±14,5	44,3 ±7,0	57,1 65,8	65,8 65,8	67,4 67,4	60,9 64,7	77,8 79,8	76,2 76,6	56,2 7,1	51,9 62,4	63,8 63,8	63,6 63,3	60,5 63,3
HC + ESM	65,0 ±2,0	68,2 ±2,0	58,0 ±3,2	74,8 ±3,4	48,4 ±4,2	67,6 75,1	75,1 74,8	70,8 74,0	81,0 8,9	81,0 8,4	70,8 70,2	62,4 6,3	62,9 7,3	72,9 72,9	70,1 71,3	68,7 67,7
UC + ESM	70,8 ±4,7	75,9 ±3,7	64,7 ±2,9	83,4 ±2,9	62,2 ±2,1	82,2 84,6	81,2 84,9	80,1 81,2	82,6 82,6	90,1 91,4	91,5 91,6	78,9 75,9 75,9	63,3 63,3	72,9 72,9	70,1 71,3	68,7 67,7
HUS + ESM (SoTTA)	73,3 ±1,5	77,7 ±0,8	66,8 ±1,8	86,1 ±2,1	64,6 ±2,8	84,3 ±0,7	86,6 ±0,1	83,1 83,9	82,0 82,9	85,7 85,9 84,9	91,1 91,4	84,9 84,9	77,1 77,1	81,6 81,2	82,4 82,9	73,3 73,3