Table 7: Classification accuracy (%) and their corresponding standard deviations on ImageNet-C for 15 types of corruptions under five scenarios. Bold numbers are the highest accuracy. Averaged over three different random seeds.
Method	Noise	Blur	Weather	Digital	Avg.
Gau.	Shot	Imp.	Def.	Gla.	Mot.	Zoom	Snow	Fro.	Fog	Brit.	Cont.	Elas.	Pix.	JPEG
Source	1.2 ±0.0	1.8 ±0.0	1.0 ±0.0	11.4 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	11.2 ±0.0	17.6 ±0.0	10.9 ±0.0	16.5 ±0.0	14.3 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.0	3.4 ±0.0	16.8 ±0.0	23.1 ±0.0	29.6 ±0.0	14.6 ±0.0
BN stats [27]	13.0 ±0.1	14.1 ±0.1	13.4 ±0.0	11.7 ±0.0	12.8 ±0.0	23.1 ±0.0	33.3 ±0.0	29.1 ±0.1	28.1 ±0.0	40.3 ±0.1	57.7 ±0.1	11.9 ±0.1	38.4 ±0.0	43.8 ±0.1	36.4 ±0.1	27.1 ±0.0
PL [17]	14.9 ±1.2	18.3 ±1.3	16.5 ±0.7	11.2 ±0.7	13.2 ±1.2	29.1 ±1.6	39.1 ±0.5	35.5 ±1.1	26.0 ±1.2	47.6 ±0.6	58.3 ±0.3	5.2 ±0.3	46.5 ±0.6	50.5 ±0.2	45.6 ±0.1	30.5 ±0.1
TENT [38]	13.0 ±0.1	14.1 ±0.1	13.4 ±0.0	11.7 ±0.0	12.8 ±0.0	23.1 ±0.1	33.3 ±0.1	29.1 ±0.1	28.1 ±0.1	40.3 ±0.1	57.7 ±0.1	11.9 ±0.1	38.4 ±0.0	43.8 ±0.1	36.4 ±0.1	27.1 ±0.0
Benign LAME [1]	0.7 ±0.0	1.1 ±0.0	0.5 ±0.0	11.4 ±0.0	8.6 ±0.0	11.1 ±0.0	17.5 ±0.0	10.3 ±0.0	16.4 ±0.0	14.1 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.0	3.4 ±0.0	16.5 ±0.0	23.0 ±0.0	29.6 ±0.0	14.4 ±0.0
CoTTA [39]	17.7 ±0.1	19.0 ±0.2	18.0 ±0.1	15.7 ±0.1	17.4 ±0.3	30.6 ±0.1	39.0 ±0.2	34.0 ±0.2	32.4 ±0.1	46.9 ±0.1	59.3 ±0.3	18.7 ±0.1	43.1 ±0.2	49.8 ±0.2	42.2 ±0.1	32.2 ±0.1
EATA [28]	25.9 ±0.2	27.5 ±0.1	25.9 ±0.2	23.7 ±0.4	23.9 ±0.4	35.2 ±0.3	43.2 ±0.2	40.2 ±0.2	36.2 ±0.2	50.3 ±0.1	59.9 ±0.0	30.6 ±0.3	48.4 ±0.0	51.8 ±0.0	47.0 ±0.1	38.0 ±0.1
SAR [29]	24.5 ±0.3	26.4 ±0.1	24.5 ±0.2	21.0 ±0.1	21.6 ±0.2	33.3 ±0.2	41.1 ±0.1	38.3 ±0.1	34.6 ±0.1	49.2 ±0.1	59.4 ±0.1	24.8 ±0.1	46.5 ±0.2	50.7 ±0.2	45.8 ±0.1	36.1 ±0.1
RoTTA [44]	15.1 ±0.1	16.5 ±0.2	15.5 ±0.1	13.1 ±0.2	14.2 ±0.2	25.5 ±0.1	36.1 ±0.1	31.8 ±0.2	28.9 ±0.1	44.2 ±0.2	59.5 ±0.2	15.6 ±0.2	41.6 ±0.1	46.8 ±0.1	40.3 ±0.1	29.7 ±0.0
SoTTA	29.2 ±0.2	31.8 ±0.3	29.8 ±0.3	26.2 ±0.2	27.6 ±0.2	37.9 ±0.2	44.7 ±0.2	42.8 ±0.2	37.9 ±0.2	52.3 ±0.2	60.1 ±0.1	24.1 ±0.5	50.3 ±0.1	53.4 ±0.1	48.7 ±0.2	39.8 ±0.0
Near LAME [1]	1.2 ±0.0	1.8 ±0.0	1.0 ±0.0	11.4 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	11.2 ±0.0	17.6 ±0.0	10.9 ±0.0	16.5 ±0.0	14.3 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.0	3.4±0.0	16.8 ±0.0	23.1 ±0.0	29.6 ±0.0	14.6 ±0.0
CoTTA [39]	5.8 ±0.5	6.9 ±0.1	6.7 ±0.0	8.5 ±0.7	8.5 ±0.3	15.5 ±0.0	24.6 ±0.1	19.1 ±0.4	21.5 ±0.0	26.8 ±0.1	49.7 ±0.1	4.5 ±0.2	26.2 ±0.1	31.7 ±0.0	27.3 ±0.2	18.9 ±0.1
PL [17]	0.5 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	0.6 ±0.0	2.2 ±0.1	1.6 ±0.3	4.4 ±0.2	7.2 ±0.5	3.8 ±0.4	3.6 ±0.2	11.4 ±1.3	35.6 ±0.0	0.6 ±0.0	6.5 ±1.3	18.7 ±0.6	5.7 ±0.2	6.9 ±0.0
TENT [38]	5.8 ±0.5	6.9 ±0.1	6.7 ±0.0	8.5 ±0.7	8.5 ±0.3	15.5 ±0.0	24.6 ±0.1	19.1 ±0.4	21.5 ±0.0	26.8 ±0.1	49.7 ±0.1	4.5±0.2	26.2 ±0.1	31.7 ±0.0	27.3 ±0.2	18.9 ±0.1
Far LAME [1]	1.0 ±0.1	1.5 ±0.0	0.8 ±0.0	10.8 ±0.0	8.4 ±1.0	11.1 ±0.3	17.5 ±0.0	10.3 ±0.2	16.4 ±0.0	14.1 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.0	3.4 ±0.1	16.5 ±0.0	23.0 ±0.0	29.6 ±0.0	14.4 ±0.1
CoTTA [39]	6.6 ±0.9	7.8 ±0.2	7.4 ±0.1	11.6 ±1.7	11.1 ±0.2	23.1 ±0.1	30.5 ±0.2	24.6 ±0.4	24.8 ±0.0	36.0 ±0.1	53.7 ±0.3	5.8 ±1.1	31.8 ±0.1	41.4 ±0.3	34.0 ±0.3	23.3 ±0.2
EATA [28]	6.6 ±0.1	9.1 ±0.1	7.7 ±0.2	14.1 ±0.1	12.9 ±0.1	23.3 ±0.2	33.5 ±0.1	29.0 ±0.4	28.9 ±0.2	40.1 ±0.1	55.4 ±0.1	6.4 ±0.8	36.9 ±0.3	43.7 ±0.3	36.5 ±0.1	25.6 ±0.1
SAR [29]	6.7 ±1.3	10.2 ±0.6	8.1 ±0.6	15.9 ±1.9	13.5 ±0.7	28.1 ±0.1	37.0 ±0.1	32.9 ±1.3	28.2 ±0.5	44.6 ±0.2	56.8 ±0.0	1.8 ±0.4	40.8 ±0.4	47.7 ±0.4	41.6 ±0.3	27.6 ±0.3
RoTTA [44]	3.1 ±0.7	5.4 ±1.0	3.7 ±0.4	10.8 ±1.0	9.2 ±0.6	23.0 ±0.4	33.5 ±1.3	32.3 ±0.8	30.3 ±0.2	44.6 ±0.1	59.3 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	40.2 ±0.0	46.3 ±0.3	40.2 ±0.2	25.6 ±0.4
SoTTA	0.3 ±0.1	5.8 ±4.0	0.5 ±0.2	21.7 ±0.8	21.5 ±0.8	26.9 ±4.9	39.0 ±0.6	35.0 ±0.5	28.1 ±0.5	46.5 ±0.2	56.1 ±0.2	0.5 ±0.1	44.8 ±0.1	49.2 ±0.3	43.2 ±0.3	27.9 ±0.3
Far LAME [1]	1.2 ±0.0	1.8 ±0.0	1.0 ±0.0	11.4 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	11.2 ±0.0	17.6 ±0.0	10.9 ±0.0	16.5 ±0.0	14.3 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.1	3.4 ±0.0	16.8 ±0.0	23.1 ±0.0	29.6 ±0.0	14.6 ±0.0
BN stats [27]	4.5 ±0.0	5.0 ±0.1	5.0 ±0.0	4.2 ±0.1	5.3 ±0.1	9.1 ±0.1	16.2 ±0.1	17.4 ±0.1	18.0 ±0.1	22.2 ±0.1	43.3 ±0.1	1.2 ±0.0	23.2 ±0.1	26.9 ±0.1	20.9 ±0.1	14.8 ±0.1
PL [17]	0.4 ±0.0	0.5 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	1.4 ±0.2	1.4 ±0.1	3.4 ±0.4	2.2 ±0.2	2.8 ±0.1	6.6 ±5.1	34.7 ±0.0	0.2 ±0.0	6.3 ±0.5	12.2 ±0.4	4.3 ±0.3	5.1 ±0.2
TENT [38]	4.5 ±0.0	5.0 ±0.1	5.0 ±0.0	4.2 ±0.2	5.3 ±0.2	9.2 ±0.2	16.2 ±0.2	17.4 ±0.2	18.0 ±0.2	22.2 ±0.1	43.3 ±0.1	1.2 ±0.2	23.2 ±0.2	26.9 ±0.2	29.8 ±0.1	14.8 ±0.1
SAR [29]	3.2 ±0.5	4.9 ±1.2	3.7 ±1.2	3.5 ±1.7	2.5 ±1.7	28.1 ±1.5	37.0 ±0.9	27.3 ±0.2	28.9 ±0.1	45.8 ±0.2	59.4 ±0.2	0.4 ±0.1	39.2 ±0.5	45.4 ±0.2	39.1 ±0.4	23.5 ±0.4
RoTTA [44]	13.9 ±0.1	15.5 ±0.1	16.2 ±0.1	12.1 ±0.1	25.8 ±0.1	33.5 ±0.2	32.3 ±0.2	32.3 ±0.2	30.3 ±0.2	44.6 ±0.1	59.3 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	40.2 ±0.0	46.3 ±0.1	40.2 ±0.3	29.2 ±0.2
SoTTA	26.9 ±0.4	29.5 ±0.4	27.3 ±0.2	22.3 ±0.8	23.6 ±0.8	35.8 ±4.9	42.2 ±0.4	40.8 ±0.6	35.5 ±0.5	56.7 ±0.2	56.1 ±0.2	0.5 ±0.1	44.8 ±0.1	52.2 ±0.3	46.8 ±0.2	36.1 ±0.1
Source	1.2 ±0.0	1.8 ±0.0	1.0 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	11.2 ±0.0	17.6 ±0.0	10.9 ±0.0	16.5 ±0.0	14.3 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.0	3.4 ±0.0	16.8 ±0.0	23.1 ±0.0	29.6 ±0
BN stats [27]	6.4 ±0.0	7.7 ±0.1	6.7 ±0.0	7.2 ±0.1	7.3 ±0.1	12.5 ±0.1	20.0 ±0.2	19.2 ±0.1	17.6 ±0.1	24.8 ±0.1	48.2 ±0.1	0.9 ±0.1	27.9 ±0.1	34.8 ±0.3	27.0 ±0.1	17.6 ±0
PL [17]	6.5 ±0.7	7.8 ±0.5	6.3 ±0.4	4.0 ±0.2	4.4 ±0.3	10.5 ±0.6	22.2 ±0.7	20.0 ±1.7	9.7 ±0.7	28.8 ±0.4	48.6 ±0.4	1.9 ±0.2	34.5 ±0.2	48.8 ±0.2	36.0 ±0.6	18.1 ±1
TENT [38]	6.4 ±0.0	7.7 ±0.1	6.7 ±0.1	7.2 ±0.1	7.3 ±0.1	12.5 ±0.1	20.0 ±0.2	19.2 ±0.1	17.6 ±0.1	24.8 ±0.1	48.2 ±0.1	0.4 ±0.1	27.9 ±0.1	34.8 ±0.3	27.5 ±0.1	17.4 ±0
SAR [29]	3.2 ±0.5	4.9 ±1.2	3.7 ±1.2	3.5 ±1.7	2.5 ±1.7	28.8 ±0.5	31.8 ±0.9	27.1 ±0.2	26.8 ±0.1	38.2 ±0.2	52.2 ±0.1	0.8 ±0.1	34.3 ±0.2	43.4 ±0.2	32.6 ±0.1	23.1 ±0
CoTTA [39]	17.2 ±0.2	18.6 ±0.2	17.3 ±0.2	14.5 ±0.1	15.0 ±0.1	27.7 ±0.2	32.7 ±0.1	31.9 ±0.2	28.3 ±0.2	40.2 ±0.1	52.0 ±0.1	18.8 ±0.3	38.6 ±0.2	34.3 ±0.2	38.7 ±0.1	28.3 ±0
EATA [28]	15.3 ±0.1	17.5 ±0.2	15.5 ±0.2	13.9 ±0.2	12.9 ±0.2	22.0 ±0.8	28.9 ±0.4	29.0 ±0.3	24.3 ±0.4	35.5 ±0.2	49.2 ±0.4	17.3 ±0.2	35.7 ±0.8	39.1 ±0.2	36.0 ±0.1	26.1 ±0
SAR [29]	19.1 ±0.1	21.2 ±0.8	18.8 ±0.1	15.6 ±0.2	15.1 ±0.2	22.5 ±0.2	29.1 ±0.3	29.5 ±0.2	25.2 ±0.2	35.8 ±0.1	49.0 ±0.1	17.3 ±0.2	35.8 ±0.4	31.4 ±0.4	36.7 ±0.4	26.8 ±0
RoTTA [44]	19.0 ±0.2	19.7 ±0.3	19.1 ±0.1	16.8 ±0.1	17.1 ±0.2	28.9 ±1.8	38.4 ±0.2	35.7 ±0.2	41.9 ±0.2	59.8 ±0.1	62.0 ±0.1	22.0 ±0.1	43.5 ±0.1	49.1 ±0.1	43.3 ±0.1	29.2 ±1
SoTTA	30.9 ±0.3	33.5 ±0.2	31.7 ±0.2	28.3 ±0.3	29.4 ±0.3	40.0 ±0.3	45.4 ±0.2	44.2 ±0.2	38.9 ±0.2	53.1 ±0.2	60.5 ±0.1	25.4 ±1.1	51.3 ±0.2	54.5 ±0.3	49.5 ±0.2	41.1 ±0
Source	1.2 ±0.0	1.8 ±0.0	1.0 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	8.7 ±0.0	11.2 ±0.0	17.6 ±0.0	10.9 ±0.0	16.5 ±0.0	14.3 ±0.0	51.3 ±0.0	\( 3.4\pm 0 \)
BN stats [27]	7.0 ±0.1	7.5 ±0.1	7.4 ±0.1	5.1 ±0.1	6.0 ±0.1	7.5 ±1.9	12.4 ±1.4	11.4 ±1.4	10.7 ±0.1	34.5 ±0.1	44.4 ± 0 .1	\( 3,6\pm 0 \)
PL [17]	0.5 ±0.1	0.9 ±0.4	1.1 ±0.3	0.6 ±0.1	0.6 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	1.6 ±0.2	\( 1,9\pm 0 \)
TENT [38]	7.0 ±0.1	7.5 ±0,4	7,4 ±0,3	5,1 ±0,1	6,0 ± 0,1	7,5 ± 0,1	\( 12,4\pm 0 \)
CoTTA [39]	\( 7,4\pm 0,4\pm 0,5\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 1,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\pm 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2, 2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim 2,2\sim