Table 8: Benchmark Results. Performance on the UBFC-Phys [27] and MMPD [25] datasets generated using the rPPG toolbox. For the supervised methods we show cross-dataset training results using the UBFC-rPPG, PURE and SCAMPS datasets.
Test Set
UBFC-Phys [27]
MAE↓	RMSE↓	MAPE↓	ρ↑	SNR ↑
UNSUPERVISED	GREEN [28]	N/A	13.55 ± 1.30	18.80 ± 48.87	16.01 ± 1.42	0.29 ± 0.10	-10.34 ± 0.65
ICA [29]	N/A	10.04 ± 1.20	15.73 ± 43.63	11.85 ± 1.35	0.36 ± 0.09	-5.28 ± 0.98
CHROM [30]	N/A	4.49 ± 0.60	7.56 ± 13.84	6.00 ± 0.88	0.80 ± 0.06	-1.92 ± 0.85
LGI [33]	N/A	6.27 ± 0.83	10.41 ± 22.76	7.83 ± 0.99	0.70 ± 0.07	-3.30 ± 0.91
PBV [32]	N/A	12.34 ± 1.22	17.43 ± 47.24	14.63 ± 1.33	0.33 ± 0.09	-9.33 ± 0.71
POS [31]	N/A	4.51 ± 0.68	8.16 ± 17.36	6.12 ± 0.99	0.77 ± 0.06	-1.28 ± 0.90
SUPERVISED	TS-CAN [6]	UBFC-RPPG	5.13 ± 0.63	8.12 ± 18.47	6.53 ± 0.85	0.76 ± 0.07	-1.95 ± 0.81
PURE	5.72 ± 0.66	8.78 ± 16.94	7.34 ± 0.90	0.72 ± 0.07	-3.72 ± 0.78
SCAMPS	5.55 ± 0.67	8.71 ± 16.96	6.91 ± 0.85	0.72 ± 0.07	-4.40 ± 0.66
PHYSNET [5]	UBFC-RPPG	5.79 ± 0.76	9.60 ± 17.64	7.69 ± 1.07	0.70 ± 0.07	-1.63 ± 0.99
PURE	4.78 ± 0.72	8.68 ± 18.99	6.15 ± 0.98	0.73 ± 0.07	-0.71 ± 1.00
SCAMPS	8.53 ± 0.98	13.02 ± 33.08	11.22 ± 1.35	0.43 ± 0.10	-7.15 ± 0.60
PHYSFORMER [34]	UBFC-RPPG	6.63 ± 0.77	10.22 ± 18.12	8.91 ± 1.12	0.69 ± 0.07	-3.58 ± 0.93
PURE	6.04 ± 0.76	9.77 ± 18.38	7.67 ± 0.99	0.65 ± 0.08	-2.16 ± 0.95
SCAMPS	11.91 ± 1.13	16.42 ± 46.43	15.57 ± 1.64	0.27 ± 0.097	-10.38 ± 0.39
DEEPPHYS [35]	UBFC-RPPG	6.62 ± 0.84	10.69 ± 25.90	8.21 ± 1.04	0.66 ± 0.08	-2.98 ± 0.82
PURE	8.42 ± 1.09	13.80 ± 38.06	10.18 ± 1.29	0.44 ± 0.09	-4.41 ± 0.84
SCAMPS	4.75 ± 0.58	7.50 ± 14.47	5.89 ± 0.72	0.82 ± 0.06	-2.04 ± 0.76
EFF.PHYS-C [36]	UBFC-RPPG	4.93 ± 0.58	7.65 ± 14.44	6.25 ± 0.79	0.79 ± 0.06	-2.09 ± 0.82
PURE	5.31 ± 0.78	9.44 ± 27.67	6.61 ± 0.96	0.70 ± 0.07	-2.22 ± 0.81
SCAMPS	6.97 ± 0.79	10.58 ± 22.70	8.47 ± 0.91	0.64 ± 0.08	-7.38 ± 0.47
Test Set
MMPD [25]
Method	Train Set	MAE↓	RMSE↓	MAPE↓	ρ↑	SNR ↑
SUPERVISED	GREEN [28]	N/A	21.68 ± 0.67	27.69 ± 42.21	24.39 ± 0.64	-0.01 ± 0.04	-14.34 ± 0.26
ICA [29]	N/A	18.60 ± 0.61	24.30 ± 33.80	20.88 ± 0.58	0.01 ± 0.04	-13.84 ± 0.27
CHROM [30]	N/A	13.66 ± 0.50	18.76 ± 23.82	16.00 ± 0.57	0.08 ± 0.04	-11.74 ± 0.21
LGI [33]	N/A	17.08 ± 0.62	23.32 ± 34.46	18.98 ± 0.60	0.04 ± 0.04	-13.15 ± 0.25
PBV [32]	N/A	17.95 ± 0.60	23.58 ± 32.45	20.18 ± 0.58	0.09 ± 0.04	-13.88 ± 0.24
POS [31]	N/A	12.36 ± 0.49	17.71 ± 23.65	14.43 ± 0.55	0.18 ± 0.04	-11.53 ± 0.22
SUPERVISED	TS-CAN [6]	UBFC-RPPG	14.01 ± 0.61	21.04 ± 30.02	15.48 ± 0.61	0.24 ± 0.04	-10.18 ± 0.28
PURE	13.94 ± 0.64	21.61 ± 33.02	15.15 ± 0.63	0.20 ± 0.04	-9.94 ± 0.27
SCAMPS	19.05 ± 0.58	24.20 ± 31.90	21.77 ± 0.60	0.14 ± 0.04	-13.24 ± 0.25
PHYSNET [5]	UBFC-RPPG	9.47 ± 0.50	16.01 ± 22.74	11.11 ± 0.58	0.31 ± 0.04	-8.15 ± 0.26
PURE	13.93 ± 0.57	20.29 ± 27.57	15.61 ± 0.59	0.17 ± 0.04	-10.59 ± 0.27
SCAMPS	20.78 ± 0.55	25.09 ± 31.92	24.43 ± 0.62	0.17 ± 0.04	-15.86 ± 0.20
PHYSFORMER [34]	UBFC-RPPG	12.1 ± 0.51	17.79 ± 23.77	15.41 ± 0.74	0.17 ± 0.04	-10.53 ± 0.20
PURE	14.57 ± 0.57	20.71 ± 29.1	16.73 ± 0.63	0.15 ± 0.039	-12.15 ± 0.22
SCAMPS	22.69 ± 0.57	26.94 ± 34.41	27.06 ± 0.70	0.15 ± 0.04	-18.83 ± 0.32
DEEPPHYS [35]	UBFC-RPPG	17.50 ± 0.70	25.00 ± 38.62	19.27 ± 0.68	0.06 ± 0.04	-11.72 ± 0.33
PURE	16.92 ± 0.70	24.61 ± 38.03	18.54 ± 0.68	0.05 ± 0.04	-11.53 ± 0.31
SCAMPS	15.22 ± 0.68	23.17 ± 38.46	16.56 ± 0.66	0.09 ± 0.04	-10.23 ± 0.31
EFF.PHYS-C [36]	UBFC-RPPG	13.78 ± 0.68	22.25 ± 37.94	15.15 ± 0.70	0.09 ± 0.04	-9.13 ± 0.31
PURE	14.03 ± 0.64	21.62 ± 32.95	15.32 ± 0.63	0.17 ± 0.04	-9.95 ± 0.29
SCAMPS	20.41 ± 0.57	25.06 ± 31.72	23.52 ± 0.61	0.11 ± 0.04	-14.28 ± 0.24
MAE = Mean Absolute Error in HR estimation (Beats/Min), RMSE = Root Mean Square Error in HR estimation (Beats/Min), MAPE = Mean Percentage Error (%),  $\rho =$  Pearson Correlation in HR estimation,  $\mathrm{SNR} =$  Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB) when comparing predicted spectrum to ground truth spectrum.