Table A1: Factors that influence causal selection judgments (left) and moral permissibility judgments (right). We provide a list of simplified definitions for each tag in the story. We also added references to papers that primarily investigate these factors. We refer to higher-level concepts (e.g., "Causal Role") as factors and the possible values for each factor (e.g., "Means" or "Side Effect") as tags.
CAUSAL SELECTION	MORAL PERMISSIBILITY
Factors	Definitions	Factors	Definitions
Causal Structure	(Wells & Gavanski, 1989; Mandel, 2003; Sloman & Lagnado, 2015)	Causal Role	(Hauser, 2006; Christensen et al., 2014; Wiegmann et al., 2012)
Conjunctive Disjunctive	All events must happen in order for the outcome to occur. Each event is a necessary cause for the outcome. Any event will cause the outcome to occur. Each event is a sufficient cause for the outcome.	Means Side Effect	The harm is instrumental/necessary to produce the outcome. The harm happens as a side-effect of the agent's action, unnecessary to produce the outcome.
Agent Awareness	(Samland et al., 2016; Kominsky & Phillips, 2019)
Aware Unaware	Agent is aware that their action will break the norm/rule or they know their action is "abnormal". Agent is unaware or ignorant that their action will break the norm/rule, or they don't know their action is "abnormal".	Personal Force	(Christensen et al., 2014; Wiegmann et al., 2012)
Personal Impersonal	Agent is directly involved in the production of the harm. Agent is only indirectly involved in the process that results in the harm (e.g., using a device).
Norm Type	(Icard et al., 2017; N'gbala & Branscombe, 1995; Kominsky et al., 2015; Sytsma, 2021)	Counterfactual Evitability	(Moore et al., 2008; Huebner et al., 2011; Christensen et al., 2014; Wiegmann et al., 2012)
Prescriptive Norm Statistical Norm	A norm about what is supposed to happen. A norm about what tends to happen.	Avoidable Inevitable	The harm would not have occurred if the agent hadn't acted. The harm would have occurred even if the agent hadn't acted.
Event Normality	(Knobe & Fraser, 2008; Hitchcock & Knobe, 2009; Alicke et al., 2011; O'Neill et al., 2021; Morris et al., 2019; Samland et al., 2016)
Normal Event Abnormal Event	The event that led to the outcome is considered "normal". The event that led to the outcome is considered "abnormal/unexpected".	Beneficence	(Bloomfield, 2007; Christensen et al., 2014; Wiegmann et al., 2012)
Action or Omission	(Ritov & Baron, 1992; Baron & Ri-tov, 2004; Henne et al., 2017, 2019; Clarke et al., 2015; DeScioli et al., 2011; Gerstenberg & Stephan, 2021)	Self-Beneficial Other-Beneficial	The agent themselves benefits from their action. Only other people benefit from the agent's action.
Action as Cause Omission as Cause	Agent performed an action that led to the outcome. Agent did not perform the action, and the omission led to the outcome.	Locus of Intervention	(Waldmann & Dieterich, 2007)
Instrument of Harm Patient of Harm	The intervention is directed at the instrument of harm (e.g., the runaway train, the hijacked airplane). The intervention is directed at the patient of harm (e.g., the workers on the train track).
Time	(Reuter et al., 2014; Henne et al., 2021)
Early Late Same Time	The event happened early. The event happened late. Multiple events happened at the same time.