Table 4: Continuous variable transformations applied to an example from the wholesale-customers dataset. The raw tabular record is as follows: spending on fresh products: 6353.0, spending on milk products: 8808.0, spending on grocery products: 7684.0, spending on frozen products: 2405.0, spending on detergents and paper products: 3516.0, spending on delicatesen products: 7844.0 and customer's region: Outside Lisbon and Porto.
Method	Data Representation	Example as text
4 bins + quantifiers (very low, low, high, very high)	- spending on fresh products : low - spending on milk products : very high - spending on grocery products : high - spending on frozen products : high - spending on detergents and paper products : high - spending on delicatessen products : very high - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer spends low amounts on fresh products, very high amounts on milk products, high amounts on grocery products, frozen products, detergents and paper products, and very high amounts on delicatessen products. They are located outside of Lisbon and Porto.
5 bins + quantifiers (very low, low, medium, high, very high)	- spending on fresh products : medium - spending on milk products : very high - spending on grocery products : high - spending on frozen products : high - spending on detergents and paper products : high - spending on delicatessen products : very high - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer from outside Lisbon and Porto spends medium on fresh products, very high on milk products, high on grocery products, high on frozen products, high on detergents and paper products, and very high on delicatessen products.
7 bins + quantifiers (extremely low, very low, low, medium, high, very high, extremely high)	- spending on fresh products : low - spending on milk products : very high - spending on grocery products : high - spending on frozen products : high - spending on detergents and paper products : very high - spending on delicatessen products : extremely high - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer situated outside Lisbon and Porto spends low on fresh products, very high on milk products, high on grocery products, high on frozen products, very high on detergents and paper products, and extremely high on delicatessen products.
9 bins + quantifiers (lowest, extremely low, very low, low, medium, high, very high, extremely high, highest)	- spending on fresh products : low - spending on milk products : extremely high - spending on grocery products : high - spending on frozen products : high - spending on detergents and paper products : very high - spending on delicatessen products : highest - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer spends low amounts on fresh products, extremely high amounts on milk products, high amounts on grocery products, frozen products, detergents and paper products, and highest amounts on delicatessen products. They are located outside Lisbon and Porto.
10 bins	- spending on fresh products : falls in the first out of ten bins of values. - spending on milk products : falls in the second out of ten bins of values - spending on grocery products : falls in the first out of ten bins of values - spending on detergents and paper products : falls in the first out of ten bins of values - spending on delicatessen products : falls in the second out of ten bins of values - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer spends relatively little on fresh, grocery, frozen and detergents/paper products, and more on milk and delicatessen products. They are based outside Lisbon and Porto.
Percentile	- spending on fresh products : falls in the forty-first percentile - spending on milk products : falls in the eighty-second percentile - spending on grocery products : falls in the sixty-fifth percentile - spending on frozen products : falls in the sixty-third percentile - spending on detergents and paper products : falls in the seventy-second percentile - spending on delicatessen products : falls in the ninety-eighth percentile - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer has an annual spending of 41st percentile on fresh products, 82nd percentile on milk products, 65th percentile on grocery products, 63rd percentile on frozen products, 72nd percentile on detergents and paper products, and 98th percentile on delicatessen products, and is located outside of Lisbon and Porto.
Standard deviation	- spending on fresh products : is within one std-dev below the mean value - spending on milk products : is within one std-dev above the mean value - spending on grocery products : is within one std-dev below the mean value - spending on frozen products : is within one std-dev below the mean value - spending on detergents and paper products : is within one std-dev above the mean value - spending on delicatessen products : is two std-dev above the mean value - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	The customer has annual spending on fresh products, milk products, grocery products, frozen products, detergents and paper products, and delicatessen products within one standard deviation of the mean, except for delicatessen products which is two standard deviations above the mean. The customer is located outside Lisbon and Porto.
Quartiles	- spending on fresh products : is between the first quartile and median values - spending on milk products : is more than the third quartile value - spending on grocery products : is between median and third quartile values - spending on frozen products : is between median and third quartile values - spending on detergents and paper products : is between median and third quartile values - spending on delicatessen products : is more than the third quartile value - customer's region : Outside Lisbon and Porto	This customer spends more than the third quartile value on milk, delicatessen and detergents and paper products. The customer's spending on fresh, grocery, and frozen products falls between the median and third quartile values, while the customer is located outside of Lisbon and Porto.