SlowGuess/NAACL_2022_OCR huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 345-363, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic.
Paula Fortuna and Sérgio Nunes. 2018. A Survey on Automatic Detection of Hate Speech in Text. ACM Computing Surveys, 51(4):85:1-85:30.
Antigoni-Maria Founta, Constantininos Djouvas, Despoina Chatzakou, Ilias Leontiadis, Jeremy Blackburn, Gianluca Stringhini, Athena Vakali, Michael Sirivianos, and Nicolas Kourtellis. 2018. Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behavior. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM), Stanford, CA, USA.
Annemarie Friedrich, Alexis Palmer, and Manfred Pinkal. 2016. Situation entity types: automatic classification of clause-level aspect. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 1757-1768, Berlin, Germany.
Annemarie Friedrich and Manfred Pinkal. 2015. Automatic recognition of habituals: a three-way classification of clausal aspect. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 2471-2481, Lisbon, Portugal.
Matt Gardner, Yoav Artzi, Victoria Basmov, Jonathan Berant, Ben Bogin, Sihao Chen, Pradeep Dasigi, Dheeru Dua, Yanai Elazar, Ananth Gottumukkala, Nitish Gupta, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Gabriel Ilharco, Daniel Khashabi, Kevin Lin, Jiangming Liu, Nelson F. Liu, Phoebe Mulcaire, Qiang Ning, Sameer Singh, Noah A. Smith, Sanjay Subramanian, Reut Tsarfaty, Eric Wallace, Ally Zhang, and Ben Zhou. 2020. Evaluating Models' Local Decision Boundaries via Contrast Sets. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, pages 1307-1320, Online.
Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna Wallach, Hal Daumé III, and Kate Crawford. 2018. Datasheets for Datasets. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning (FAT ML), Stockholm, Sweden.
Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky. 2002. Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles. Computational Linguistics, 28(3):245-288.
Xiachuang Han and Yulia Tsvetkov. 2020. Fortifying Toxic Speech Detection Against Veiled Toxity. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 7732-7739, Online.
Lichan Hong, Gregorio Convertino, and Ed Chi. 2011. Language matters in Twitter: A large scale study. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference
on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Nancy Ide, Collin Baker, Christiane Fellbaum, Charles Fillmore, and Rebecca Passonneau. 2008. MASC: the Manually Annotated Sub-Corpus of American English. In Proceedings of the Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pages 2455–2461, Marrakech, Morocco.
J. Richard Landis and Gary G. Koch. 1977. The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics, 33(1):159-174.
Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2019. RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692.
Julia Mendelsohn, David Jurgens, and Ceren Budak. 2021. Modeling Framing in Immigration Discourse on Social Media. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the ACL (HLT/NAACL), 2219-2263, Online.
Tomas Mikolov, Edouard Grave, Piotr Bojanowski, Christian Puhrsch, and Armand Joulin. 2018. Advanced in Pre-Training Distributed Word Representations. In Proceedings of the Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pages 52-55, Miyazaki, Japan.
Mike Mintz, Steven Bills, Rion Snow, and Dan Jurafsky. 2009. Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction without Labeled Data. In Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing (ACL/IJCNLP), pages 1003-1011, Singapore.
Myle Ott, Yejin Choi, Claire Cardie, and Jeffrey T. Hancock. 2011. Finding Deceptive Opinion Spam by Any Stretch of the Imagination. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 309-319, Portland, OR, USA.
Fabio Poletto, Valerio Basile, Manuela Sanguinetti, Cristina Bosco, and Viviana Patti. 2021. Resources and benchmark corpora for hate speech detection: a systematic review. *Language Resources and Evaluation*, 55:477-523.
Martin Potthast, Benno Stein, Alberto Barrón-Cedeno, and Paolo Rosso. 2010. An Evaluation Framework for Plagiarism Detection. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pages 997-1005, Beijing, China.
Hannah Rashkin, Sameer Singh, and Yejin Choi. 2016. Connotation Frames: A Data-Driven Investigation. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 311-321, Berlin, Germany.
Julian Risch, Anke Stoll, Lena Wilms, and Michael Wiegand. 2021. Overview of the GermEval 2021 Shared Task on the Identification of Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments. In Proceedings of the GermEval 2021 Shared Task on the Identification of Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments, pages 1-12, Online.
Maarten Sap, Saadia Gabriel, Lianhui Qin, Dan Jurafsky, Noah A. Smith, and Yejin Choi. 2020. SOCIAL BIAS FRAMES: Reasoning about Social and Power Implications of Language. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 5477-5490, Online.
Julia Maria Struß, Melanie Siegel, Josef Ruppenhofer, Michael Wiegand, and Manfred Klenner. 2019. Overview of GermEval Task 2, 2019 Shared Task on the Identification of Offensive Language. In Proceedings of the GermEval Workshop, pages 352-363, Erlangen, Germany.
Swabha Swayamdipta, Sam Thomson, Chris Dyer, and Noah A. Smith. 2017. Frame-Semantic Parsing with Softmax-Margin Segmental RNNs and a Syntactic Scaffold. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.09528.
Betty van Aken, Julian Risch, Ralf Krestel, and Alexander Löser. 2018. Challenges for Toxic Comment Classification: An In-Depth Error Analysis. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Abusive Language Online (ALW), pages 33-42, Brussels, Belgium.
Bertie Vidgen and Leon Derczynski. 2020. Directions in Abusive Language Training Data. PLoS One, 15(12).
Bertie Vidgen, Dong Nguyen, Helen Margetts, Patricia Rossini, and Rebekah Tromble. 2021a. Introducing CAD: the Contextual Abuse Dataset. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the ACL (HLT/NAACL), pages 2289-2303, Online.
Bertie Vidgen, Tristan Thrush, Zeerak Waseem, and Douwe Kiela. 2021b. Learning from the Worst: Dynamically Generated Datasets to Improve Online Hate Detection. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 1667-1682, Online.
Zeerak Waseem, Thomas Davidson, Dana Warmsley, and Ingmar Weber. 2017. Understanding Abuse: A Typology of Abusive Language Detection Subtasks. In Proceedings of the ACL-Workshop on Abusive Language Online, pages 78-84, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Zeerak Waseem and Dirk Hovy. 2016. Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the ACL - Student Research Workshop, pages 88-93, San Diego, CA, USA.
Michael Wiegand, Maja Geulig, and Josef Ruppenhofer. 2021a. Implicitly Abusive Comparisons - A New Dataset and Linguistic Analysis. In Proceedings of the Conference on European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), pages 358-368, Online.
Michael Wiegand, Josef Ruppenhofer, and Elisabeth Eder. 2021b. Implicitly Abusive Language – What does it actually look like and why are we not getting there? In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the ACL (HLT/NAACL), pages 576–587, Online.
Michael Wiegand, Josef Ruppenhofer, and Thomas Kleinbauer. 2019. Detection of Abusive Language: the Problem of Biased Datasets. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the ACL (HLT/NAACL), pages 602-608, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Michael Wiegand, Josef Ruppenhofer, Anna Schmidt, and Clayton Greenberg. 2018. Inducing a Lexicon of Abusive Words - A Feature-Based Approach. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the ACL (HLT/NAACL), pages 1046-1056, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Theresa Wilson, Janyce Wiebe, and Paul Hoffmann. 2005. Recognizing Contextual Polarity in Phrase-level Sentiment Analysis. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP), pages 347-354, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Marcos Zampieri, Preslav Nakov, Sara Rosenthal, Pepa Atanasova, Georgi Karadzhov, Hamdy Mubarak, Leon Derczynski, Zeses Pitenis, and Cagri Öltekin. 2020. SemEval-2020 Task 12: Multilingual Offensive Language Identification in Social Media (OffensEval 2020). In Proceedings of SemEval, page 1425-1447, Online.
Haoti Zhong, Hao Li, Anna Cinzia Squicciarini, Sarah Michele Rajtmajer, Christopher Griffin, David J. Miller, and Cornelia Caragea. 2016. Content-Driven Detection of Cyberbullying on the Instagram Social Network. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 3952-3958, New York City, NY, USA.
Xinyi Zhou and Reza Zafarani. 2020. A Survey of Fake News: Fundamental Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunities. ACM Computing Surveys, 53(5):109:1-109:40.
Xuhui Zhou, Maarten Sap, Swabha Swayamdipta, Noah A. Smith, and Yejin Choi. 2021. Challenges in Automated Debiasing for Toxic Language Detection. In Proceedings of the Conference on European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), pages 3143-3155, Online.