--- annotations_creators: - crowdsourced language_creators: - crowdsourced - found language: - ja license: - cc-by-sa-3.0 multilinguality: - monolingual paperswithcode_id: null pretty_name: "JaQuAD: Japanese Question Answering Dataset" size_categories: - 10K魚の一種。\n別名はビワタナゴ(琵琶鱮、琵琶鰱)。", "question": "ビワタナゴの正式名称は何?", "question_type": "Multiple sentence reasoning", "answers": { "text": "イタセンパラ", "answer_start": 0, "answer_type": "Object", }, }, ``` ### Data Fields - `id`: a `string` feature. - `title`: a `string` feature. - `context`: a `string` feature. - `question`: a `string` feature. - `question_type`: a `string` feature. - `answers`: a dictionary feature containing: - `text`: a `string` feature. - `answer_start`: a `int32` feature. - `answer_type`: a `string` feature. ### Data Splitting JaQuAD consists of three sets, `train`, `validation`, and `test`. They were created from disjoint sets of Wikipedia articles. The `test` set is not publicly released yet. The following table shows statistics for each set. Set | Number of Articles | Number of Contexts | Number of Questions --------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------------------- Train | 691 | 9713 | 31748 Validation | 101 | 1431 | 3939 Test | 109 | 1479 | 4009 ## Dataset Creation ### Curation Rationale The JaQuAD dataset was created by [Skelter Labs](https://skelterlabs.com/) to provide a SQuAD-like QA dataset in Japanese. Questions are original and based on Japanese Wikipedia articles. ### Source Data The articles used for the contexts are from [Japanese Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/). 88.7% of articles are from the curated list of Japanese high-quality Wikipedia articles, e.g., [featured articles](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%89%AF%E8%B3%AA%E3%81%AA%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B) and [good articles](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A7%80%E9%80%B8%E3%81%AA%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B). ### Annotations Wikipedia articles were scrapped and divided into one more multiple paragraphs as contexts. Annotations (questions and answer spans) are written by fluent Japanese speakers, including natives and non-natives. Annotators were given a context and asked to generate non-trivial questions about information in the context. ### Personal and Sensitive Information No personal or sensitive information is included in this dataset. Dataset annotators has been manually verified it. ## Considerations for Using the Data Users should consider that the articles are sampled from Wikipedia articles but not representative of all Wikipedia articles. ### Social Impact of Dataset The social biases of this dataset have not yet been investigated. ### Discussion of Biases The social biases of this dataset have not yet been investigated. Articles and questions have been selected for quality and diversity. ### Other Known Limitations The JaQuAD dataset has limitations as follows: - Most of them are short answers. - Assume that a question is answerable using the corresponding context. This dataset is incomplete yet. If you find any errors in JaQuAD, please contact us. ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators Skelter Labs: [https://skelterlabs.com/](https://skelterlabs.com/) ### Licensing Information The JaQuAD dataset is licensed under the [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) license. ### Citation Information ```bibtex @misc{so2022jaquad, title={{JaQuAD: Japanese Question Answering Dataset for Machine Reading Comprehension}}, author={ByungHoon So and Kyuhong Byun and Kyungwon Kang and Seongjin Cho}, year={2022}, eprint={2202.01764}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ``` ### Acknowledgements This work was supported by [TPU Research Cloud (TRC) program](https://sites.research.google/trc/). For training models, we used cloud TPUs provided by TRC. We also thank annotators who generated JaQuAD.