Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
# Section 3 Number of Issuance of Residence Cards and Special Permanent Resident Certificates

### 1. Residence Cards

The number of residence cards issued in 2016 was 1,093,462. According to the statistics by category, the number of residence cards issued at the time of granting permission relating to landing/status of residence was 1,040,439 accounting for 95.2% of the total, followed by applications for reissuance at 37,906 (3.5%), extension of the period of validity at 10,682 (1.0%), and notification of a change in the registered matters aside from the place of residence at 4,305 (0.4%).

By category of regional immigration bureaus, the Tokyo Regional Immigration Bureau issued 614,894 residence cards, accounting for 56.2% of the total, followed by Nagoya at 180,089 (16.5%), Osaka at 138,140 (12.6%) and Fukuoka at 74,606 (6.8%) (Reference 28).

Reference 28 Number of issuance of residence cards (2016)

(Cases)

Regional Immigration Bureaus	Total	Landing/ residency status of residence related permission	Notification of change in the registered matters aside from the place of residence	Extension of the period of validity	Application for reissuance	Application to switch over to the residence card	Application for new issuance
Total	1,093,462	1,040,439	4,305	10,682	37,906	121	9
Sapporo	15,646	15,249	19	80	296	0	2
Sendai	17,937	17,172	68	158	538	0	1
Tokyo	614,894	584,152	2,284	5,476	22,902	77	3
Nagoya	180,089	170,163	1,217	2,907	5,761	40	1
Osaka	138,140	131,575	410	1,176	4,978	1	0
Hiroshima	40,398	38,938	129	299	1,028	2	2
Takamatsu	11,752	11,326	15	163	248	0	0
Fukuoka	74,606	71,864	163	423	2,155	1	0

### 2. Special Permanent Resident Certificates

The number of special permanent resident certificates issued in 2016 was 42,969. According to the statistics by category, the number of special permanent resident certificates issued at the time of extension of the period of validity was 31,616 accounting for 73.6% of the total, followed by switching over to the special permanent resident certificate at 6,102 (14.2%), applications for reissuance at 3,280 (7.6%), and notification of a change in the registered matters aside from the place of residence at 1,010 (2.4%) (Reference 29).
Reference 29 Number of issuance of special permanent resident certificates (2016)

Permission for special permanent residence (Article 4)	Permission for special permanent residence (Article 5)	Notification of a change in the registered matters aside from the place of residence	Extension of the period of validity	Application for reissuance	Application to switch over to the special permanent resident certificate	Application for new issuance	Application for issuance in advance	Total
808	102	1,010	31,616	3,280	6,102	51	0	42,969

(Cases)
# Implementation of the Technical Intern Training Program

Chapter 3

## Section 1 Outline of the Program

The Technical Intern Training Program is a program which accepts people from the developing countries or regions for a certain period and enables them to acquire, increase and attain proficiency in (hereinafter referred to as “acquire” in this Chapter) the skills, techniques or knowledge (hereinafter referred to as “skills”) cultivated in Japan, and contributes to “human resource development” which leads to the development of the country or region etc. through such people utilizing these skills acquired in Japan after they have returned to their home country.

The Technical Intern Training Program established in 1993 was a program which enabled foreign nationals who had acquired skills above a certain level through training, to enter into a new employment contract and to further acquire the skills in a more practical way after they had completed the training at the same institution where they had received the training.

In response to criticism that some of the organizations accepting the trainees and technical intern trainees did not fully understand the original purpose of the program, and were treating them in all essence as low wage workers, a new status of residence of “Technical Intern Training” was established in the Act for Partial Amendment of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act and Special Act on the Immigration Control of, Inter Alia, Those Who Have Lost Japanese Nationality Pursuant to the Treaty of Peace with Japan, and Other Related Laws enacted in July 2009, and measures have been taken to legally protect the technical intern trainees and stabilize their legal status such as ensuring that the labor laws and regulations will be applied under an employment relationship from the first year of entry into Japan.

However, while there has still been criticism that for example, there are still those who fail to understand the purpose of the program and misunderstand that this is a way of securing inexpensive labor that makes up for the shortage of labor in Japan, thereby resulting in violations of labor-related laws and regulations and human rights violations, on the other hand, requests have been received for expansion of the Technical Intern Training Program such as expansion of the applicable job categories of subject occupation, and extension of the technical intern training period.

For this reason, in order to properly implement the technical intern training for foreign nationals and to protect the technical intern trainees, the Technical Intern Training Act incorporating a system for accreditation of the technical intern training plans and licenses for the supervising organizations, as well as measures to establish the Organization for Technical Intern Training to conduct the administrative affairs thereof, was enacted on November 18, 2016, promulgated on the 28th of the same month, and entered into effect on November 1, 2017.
## Section 2 Responses to Cases of Inappropriate Acceptance

The Immigration Bureau sends a notice of “misconduct” to those organizations that have engaged in improper conduct in relation to the technical intern training under the old system prior to the enforcement of the Technical Intern Training Act and, based on the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, does not allow such organizations to accept technical intern trainees for a period of one year, three years or five years depending on the type of misconduct. In 2016, there were 239 organizations which were notified of “misconduct”.

According to the statistics by type of acceptance arrangement, 2 organizations (0.8%) which had accepted trainees under the scheme managed by individual enterprise and 237 organizations (99.2%) which had accepted trainees under the scheme supervised by organization were notified of findings of misconduct, and taking a look by type of accepting organization under the scheme supervised by organization, there were 35 supervising organizations (14.8%) and 202 organizations implementing technical intern training (85.2%) (Reference 30).

Reference 30 Changes in the number of organizations subject to a finding of misconduct by type of accepting arrangement

Year Type of Accepting Arrangement	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Company-arranged scheme	0	0	0	3	2
Association-supervised scheme	Supervising organization (Primary accepting organization)	9	20	23	32	35
Implementing organization (Secondary accepting organization)	188	210	218	238	202
Total	197	230	241	273	239

The types of misconduct fell under “nonpayment of wages”, “using or providing forged or altered documents, etc.”, and “name lending”, and these three types accounted for 69.5% of the total (Reference 31).

As described above, since there are still a considerable number of organizations involved in inappropriate acts in relation to the technical intern training, in order to contribute to a more appropriate operation of the program, with regard to the new program after the enforcement of the Technical Intern Training Act, the Immigration Bureau will strive to further optimize the program through implementation of on-site inspections of the implementing organizations and supervising organizations by the newly established Organization for Technical Intern Training, while closely coordinating with the relevant organizations.
Reference 31 Number of cases of misconduct by category (2016)

(Cases)

Category	Company-arranged scheme (2 Organizations)	Association-supervised scheme	Total (239 Organizations)
Supervising organization (35 Organizations)	Program implementing organization (202 Organizations)
Violence/threats/confinement	0	0	0	0
Confiscation of passport/residence card	1	3	12	16
Nonpayment	1	6	114	121
Human rights infringement	1	1	4	6
Document forgery/preparation and use of fraudulent documents	0	26	68	94
Confiscation of deposit	1	1	2	4
Engaging in work activities during course study period	0	1	1	2
Dual contract	0	0	0	0
Discrepancy compared with Technical Intern Training Plan	0	3	35	38
Name lending	0	4	47	51
Implementing organization's failure to report misconduct/failure to report the impossibility of continuing the program	0	1	1
Supervising organization's failure to report misconduct, etc./failure to conduct audit or to establish a consultation system	11	11
Frequency of trainees going missing	0	0	0	0
Employment of illegal foreign workers	0	1	22	23
Violation of labor-related laws and regulations	0	0	13	13
Arrangement with profit purpose	0	0	0	0
Repeated misconduct	0	2	1	3
Failure to submit a daily report	0	0	0	0
Failure to submit a report regarding leaving trainees	0	0	0	0
Work outside of the trainees' prescribed work hours	0	0	0	0
Total	4	59	320	383

$ ^{*} $ If one accepting organization is notified of findings of misconduct in more than one category, it is counted in each category, and therefore, the total number of accepting organizations is not identical to the total number of recognized cases in each category.
The number of technical intern trainees who have absconded from the program has been on an upward trend, and this number surged to 5,508 in 2016 while it was 2,005 in 2012. Previous extensive research on the reasons for absconding shows that most of the trainees lacked motivation for the technical intern training and absconded in search of a higher wages. Therefore, stricter examinations are being conducted with regard to applications pertaining to the acceptance of technical intern trainees submitted by sending organizations or supervising organizations, which have seen a large number of trainees abscond from the program (Reference 32).

Reference 32 Changes in the number of technical intern trainees absconding by nationality/region

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	2,005	3,566	4,847	5,803	5,058
Viet Nam	496	828	1,022	1,705	2,025
China	1,177	2,313	3,065	3,116	1,987
Cambodia	58	284
Myanmar	7	7	107	336	216
Indonesia	124	114	276	252	200
Others	201	304	377	336	346

$ ^{*1} $ The indication of China in the table does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

$ ^{*2} $ The number is included in “Others” from 2012 to 2014.
## Section 1 Number of Japanese Nationals Departing from Japan

### 1. Total Number of Japanese Nationals Departing from Japan

The number of Japanese nationals departing from Japan in 2016 was 17,116,420, an increase of 902,631 (5.6%) from 2015, which was an increase for the first time in four years (Reference 33).

Reference 33 Changes in the number of Japanese nationals departing from Japan

### 2. Number of Japanese Nationals Departing from Japan by Gender and Age

According to the statistics by gender, the number of Japanese nationals departing from Japan in 2016 was composed of 9,628,487 males and 7,487,933 females; males accounted for 56.3% of the total and females accounted for 43.7%. There have been no significant changes in the percentages of either males or females since 2001, and the percentage of males continues to exceed that of females.

According to the statistics by age, the number of Japanese nationals departing from Japan in
2016 was composed of 3,594,319 Japanese nationals in their 40s, which accounted for 21.0% of the total, followed by 3,092,114 in their 30s, accounting for 18.1%, 3,039,419 in their 60s and older, accounting for 17.8%, 2,999,281 in their 50s, accounting for 17.5% and 2,819,197 in their 20s, accounting for 16.5%.

According to the statistics on percentages of males and females by age group, the percentages of Japanese females ages under 20 and 20s exceeded those of males and, in particular, females in their 20s accounted for the extremely high percentage of 61.8%, but with the other age groups, the percentage of males departing from Japan exceeded that of females (Reference 34).

Reference 34 Number of Japanese nationals departing from Japan by gender and age (2016)

### 3. Number of Japanese Nationals Departing from Japan by Airport and Seaport

Looking at the number of Japanese nationals departing from Japan in 2016 by airports and seaport of departure, the number of departing passengers using airports was 16,962,137, accounting for 99.1% of the total, and when comparing to the 22,617,552 (97.4%) foreign nationals entering Japan using the airports, the percentage of airport users is higher.

Looking at the Japanese nationals departing from Japan using airports in 2016, the number of users of Narita Airport was 6,638,118, accounting for 39.1% of the total number of departing passengers from airports, the number of users of Haneda Airport was 4,241,440, accounting for 25.0%, and the number of users of Kansai Airport was 3,186,893, accounting for 18.8%. These three airports accounted for 82.9% of the total number of departing passengers from airports.

On the other hand, looking at the Japanese nationals departing from Japan using seaports during 2016, the number of Hakata Port users was 63,422, accounting for 41.1% of the total number of departing passengers from seaports, followed by Yokohama Port at 18,646 (12.1%), and Sakai Port at 16,527 (10.7%). These three seaports accounted for 63.9% of the total number of departing passengers from seaports. Kanmon (Shimonoseki) Port at 11,471 (7.4%)
and Kobe Port at 7,624 (4.9%) followed these three seaports.

## Section 2 Number of Japanese Nationals Returning to Japan

Airport landing examination

The total number of returning Japanese nationals in 2016 was 17,088,252. By period of stay in foreign countries after departure, the number of persons returning within one month of departure was 15,450,144, which accounted for 90.4% of the total. Of those, the number of persons returning within 10 days was 13,973,516, which accounted for 90.4% of those who returned within one month of departure.

This is thought to be because most Japanese going abroad for a purpose requiring only a short period such as sightseeing and business return promptly. This trend has continued in recent years and no major change has been observed (Reference 35).

Reference 35 Changes in the number of Japanese nationals returning to Japan by period of stay

(People)

Year	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Period of Stay
Total	18,408,185	17,421,997	16,915,797	16,258,889	17,088,252
Within 5 days	10,916,364	9,898,557	9,499,435	9,126,508	10,067,736
More than 5 days to 10 days	4,448,480	4,422,482	4,299,701	4,033,466	3,905,780
More than 10 days to 20 days	1,129,239	1,130,386	1,119,965	1,086,094	1,067,194
More than 20 days to 1 month	404,327	408,455	417,716	402,491	409,434
More than 1 month to 3 months	639,672	658,643	655,267	670,011	678,113
More than 3 months to 6 months	357,644	376,109	386,518	387,233	393,187
More than 6 months to 1 year	270,945	291,269	301,338	305,442	307,247
More than 1 year to 3 years	137,043	134,050	133,068	135,515	129,203
More than 3 years	11,045	12,966	13,203	13,161	12,800
Unknown	93,426	89,080	89,586	98,968	117,558
# Deportation Procedures for Foreign Nationals

Section 1 Foreign Nationals Overstaying Their Authorized Period of Stay

Investigation of violation

Based on the computer statistics of the Immigration Bureau, the estimated number of foreign nationals who overstayed (those who illegally stay in Japan beyond their authorized period of stay) was 65,270 as of January 1, 2017. This was an increase of 2,452 (3.9%) when compared to the 62,818 as of January 1, 2016, and was an increase for three years running.

The number of deportation procedures against those who overstayed their authorized period of stay in 2016 was larger than in 2015. Meanwhile, as a result of the entire government’s efforts toward a tourism-oriented country that have been taken in recent years, the number of foreign nationals entering Japan has increased significantly, and it is thought that this has had a considerable influence on the increase in the number of foreign nationals who overstayed their authorized period of stay.

### 1. Number of Foreign Nationals Overstaying Their Authorized Period of Stay by Nationality/Region

At the time of May 1, 1993, when the highest number of foreign nationals overstaying their authorized period of stay was recorded, the nationality/region of the largest number of foreign nationals was Thailand, followed by R.O.Korea, the Philippines, China and Malaysia. As of January 1, 2017, the largest number of foreign nationals overstaying their authorized period of stay was from R.O.Korea at 13,265 (20.3%), followed by China at 8,846 (13.6%), Thailand at 6,507 (10.0%), Viet Nam at 5,137 (7.9%), and the Philippines at 5,082 (7.8%).
Reference 37 Changes in the estimated number of foreign nationals overstaying the authorized period of stay by major nationality/region

$ ^{*} $ It shows the number of foreign nationals overstaying as of January 1 of each year.

### 2. Number of Foreign Nationals Overstaying Their Authorized Period of Stay by Status of Residence

Taking a look at the foreign nationals overstaying their authorized period of stay as of January 1, 2017 by status of residence prior to illegally overstaying in Japan, the number of foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” continued from 2016 to make up the largest number at 44,167 accounting for 67.7% of the total number, followed by “Student” at 3,807 (5.8%), “Technical Intern Training (ii) (b)” at 3,748 (5.7%), “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” at 3,287 (5.0%) and “Technical Intern Training (i) (b)” at 2,741 (4.2%). In addition, when compared to the previous year, while there was an increase in the number of foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” by 1,689 (4.0%), “Student” by 385 (11.3%), “Technical Intern Training (ii) (b)” by 335 (9.8%) and “Technical Intern Training (i) (b)” by 302 (12.4%), there was a decline in the number of foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” by 146 (4.3%) (Reference 38).
Reference 38 Changes in the estimated number of foreign nationals overstaying the authorized period of stay by status of residence

(People)

Date Status of Residence	January 1 2012	January 1 2013	January 1 2014	January 1 2015	January 1 2016	January 1 2017
Total	67,065	62,009	59,061	60,007	62,818	65,270
Temporary Visitor	46,845	43,943	41,403	41,090	42,478	44,167
Student	3,187	2,847	2,777	2,806	3,422	3,807
Technical Intern Training(ii)-(b)	412	943	1,699	2,831	3,413	3,748
Spouse or Child of Japanese National	5,060	4,291	3,719	3,709	3,433	3,287
Technical Intern Training (i)-(b)	213	645	1,089	1,799	2,439	2,741
Others	11,348	9,340	8,374	7,772	7,633	7,520

$ ^{*} $ The number of foreign nationals overstaying with the status of residence of “Student” includes the number of foreign nationals whose status of residence was “Pre-college Student” under the previous Immigration Control Act, which was revised on July 1, 2010, at the time when they came to be considered to be overstaying.
## Section 2 Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act Necessitating the Implementation of Deportation Procedures

### 1. Outline

In 2016, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced on account of violation of the Immigration Control Act was 13,361, an increase of 1,089 when compared to 2015. Of these, 4,094 were handed over to immigration inspectors as those subject to the departure order system. Although the number of foreign nationals in violation of the Immigration Control Act had been steadily decreasing since 2005, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan owing to the implementation of measures such as visa waiver, and this has contributed to an increase in the number of foreign nationals overstaying their authorized period of stay, which is thought to have led to a shift toward an increase.

According to the statistics of the number of foreign nationals by grounds for deportation, the largest number of foreign nationals was deported for overstaying at 11,198 (83.8%), followed by illegal entry at 599 (4.5%) and activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted at 511 (3.8%). Overstaying continued to account for a predominant percentage (Reference 39).

Looking at the statistics for the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality/region, the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China for 14 consecutive years at 3,979 (29.8%), followed by Viet Nam at 2,273 (17.0%) and Thailand at 1,770 (13.2%). These top three countries made up 60.0% of the total (Reference 40).

Reference 39 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	15,178	11,428	10,676	12,272	13,361
Illegal entry	1,875	1,128	844	752	599
Illegal landing	187	199	249	268	238
Activity other than those permitted	617	493	422	399	511
Overstay	11,439	8,713	8,274	9,982	11,198
Criminal offenses	527	430	392	397	432
Others	533	465	495	474	383

Illegal worker	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973	9,003
Reference 40 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality/region

(People)

Year	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Nationality/Region
Total	15,178	11,428	10,676	12,272	13,361
China	4,545	4,044	3,975	4,311	3,979
Viet Nam	592	688	953	1,643	2,273
Thailand	786	604	899	1,475	1,770
Philippines	2,972	1,778	1,414	1,467	1,452
Indonesia	327	271	268	507	1,059
R.O.Korea	2,028	1,336	921	704	599
Brazil	814	422	316	296	268
Nepal	155	128	113	146	185
Mongolia	112	113	117	109	169
Sri Lanka	303	199	222	182	153
Others	2,544	1,845	1,478	1,432	1,454

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

### 2. Number of Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act by Grounds for Deportation

## (1) Illegal Entry

Of the foreign nationals against whom the deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2016, the number of illegal entrants $ ^{*} $ was 599, accounting for 4.5%, a decline of 153 (20.3%) from 2015. Looking at past records, the number increased from 2003 but started to decrease since 2006. The fact that the number of illegal entrants as a percentage of the total number of foreign nationals in violation of the Immigration Control Act is decreasing is one of the reasons to consider that the countermeasures to prevent illegal entry have been quite effective.

Looking by nationality/region, China and the Philippines comprise the largest number respectively at 143 (23.9%), followed by Iran at 76 (12.7%), and there have been no changes in these top two countries since 2002 (Reference 41).

According to the statistics by means of transportation used for illegal entry, the number of illegal entrants using aircraft was 488. Though it showed a decline of 106 (17.8%) from 2015, the percentage of illegal entry using aircraft was still high at 81.5%. In addition, the number of illegal entrants using a vessel was 111, accounting for 18.5%, a decline of 47 (29.7%) from 2015 (Reference 42, 43).