Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Reference 41 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	1,875	1,128	844	752	599
China	532	359	262	211	143
Philippines	520	274	214	166	143
Iran	124	63	53	64	76
R.O.Korea	178	102	69	50	45
Indonesia	55	27	21	27	29
Peru	91	37	29	26	29
Thailand	105	56	43	31	21
Viet Nam	15	13	10	34	14
Sri Lanka	36	32	28	18	13
Pakistan	16	14	8	10	11
Others	203	151	107	115	75

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

Reference 42 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry using aircraft by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	1,437	824	640	594	488
Philippines	500	262	208	158	138
Iran	113	55	48	61	74
China	263	153	112	96	67
Peru	90	37	29	26	29
Indonesia	54	27	21	26	28
Others	417	290	222	227	152

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).
Reference 43 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry using vessel by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	438	304	204	158	111
China	269	206	150	115	76
R.O.Korea	100	49	36	28	22
Philippines	20	12	6	8	5
Iran	11	8	5	3	2
Bangladesh	7	10	3	0	2
Others	31	19	4	4	4

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (2) Illegal Landing

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced owing to violation of the Immigration Control Act during 2016, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Immigration Control Act, or without obtaining permission for landing from an immigration inspector was 238 (1.8%), which was a decrease of 30 (11.2%) from 2015 (Reference 44).

Reference 44 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality/region

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	187	199	249	268	238
Turkey	98	84	97	90	82
Sri Lanka	6	14	54	95	39
Russia	3	19	36	20	16
Nepal	0	3	2	15	11
United States of America	5	5	3	2	11
Thailand	4	2	6	2	10
Indonesia	1	1	2	2	10
China	14	7	4	6	7
Others	56	64	45	36	52

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).
## (3) Overstay

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act during 2016, the number of those who overstayed the authorized period of stay was 11,198 (83.8%), which was an increase of 1,216 (12.2%) from 2015 and still overwhelmingly high.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of foreign nationals who overstayed their authorized period of stay was from China at 3,488 (31.1%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,994 (17.8%), Thailand at 1,699 (15.2%), the Philippines at 1,157 (10.3%), and Indonesia at 935 (8.3%) (Reference 45).

Reference 45 Changes in the number of cases of foreign nationals overstaying the authorized period of stay by nationality/region

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	11,439	8,713	8,274	9,982	11,198
China	3,415	3,194	3,170	3,623	3,488
Viet Nam	482	562	780	1,422	1,994
Thailand	615	486	797	1,389	1,699
Philippines	2,295	1,363	1,034	1,139	1,157
Indonesia	260	236	233	465	935
R.O.Korea	1,476	960	715	559	473
Brazil	671	321	227	227	181
Mongolia	111	110	112	104	162
India	77	37	41	45	109
United States of America	200	171	157	136	102
Others	1,837	1,273	1,008	873	898

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (4) Activity Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan clearly engages solely in working activities, such as the ones for which he/she receives remuneration, other than those permitted for the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be enforced on grounds of engaging in activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted. Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2016, the number of foreign nationals against whom the procedures were enforced because of the activity other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted was 511 (3.8%), which was an increase of 112 (28.1%) from 2015.

Accordingly to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from Viet Nam at 154 (30.1%), followed by China at 91 (17.8%) and Indonesia at 76 (14.9%), and these top three countries accounted for 62.8% of the total (Reference 46).
Reference 46 Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	617	493	422	399	511
Viet Nam	34	52	110	104	154
China	228	176	167	145	91
Indonesia	7	4	9	10	76
Nepal	48	29	34	31	67
R.O.Korea	212	138	48	35	28
Philippines	20	27	24	41	24
Myanmar	6	7	0	0	17
Sri Lanka	20	2	3	4	11
Thailand	9	14	13	8	8
Romania	3	0	3	0	6
Others	30	44	11	21	29

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

Detection of violator
### 3. Illegal Foreign Workers

## (1) Summary

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2016, the number of those who were considered to be illegally working was 9,003 (67.4%). This indicates that most illegal foreign residents who are hiding out somewhere in Japan are working illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers working for substandard wages, have a serious negative impact on a fair labor market as they, for example, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers. Moreover, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Some foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

The amended Immigration Control Act enforced on July 1, 2010 stipulates any act of a foreign national aiding another foreign national to engage in illegal work, such as through employment of the foreign national, to be one of the grounds for deportation (Article 24, item (iii)–4 of the Immigration Control Act). Thus, the Immigration Bureau promotes crockdown on foreign nationals who encourage illegal work.

## (2) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality/Region

The illegal foreign workers came from 68 countries/regions, mainly from neighboring Asian countries, which indicates that foreign nationals from various countries/regions are still working illegally.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 3,080 (34.2%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,638 (18.2%), Thailand at 1,536 (17.1%), the Philippines at 830 (9.2%) and Indonesia at 819 (9.1%). These top five countries represented 87.8% of the total. Looking at the changes over the past few years, China still accounts for a high proportion, but the proportion of Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia is also increasing (Reference 47).
Reference 47 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973	9,003
Male	5,346	4,356	4,160	5,167	6,093
Female	3,633	2,682	2,542	2,806	2,910
China	3,082	2,909	2,819	3,266	3,080
Male	1,981	1,943	1,869	2,166	2,130
Female	1,101	966	950	1,100	950
Viet Nam	380	461	701	1,160	1,638
Male	271	312	454	873	1,246
Female	109	149	247	287	392
Thailand	567	442	681	1,215	1,536
Male	318	272	384	699	850
Female	249	170	297	516	686
Philippines	1,589	968	763	756	830
Male	629	394	308	341	426
Female	960	574	455	415	404
Indonesia	267	233	231	396	819
Male	218	193	193	338	699
Female	49	40	38	58	120
R.O.Korea	1,356	866	606	435	359
Male	525	311	237	167	167
Female	831	555	369	268	192
Mongolia	90	81	101	81	133
Male	51	47	72	51	90
Female	39	34	29	30	43
Nepal	117	97	75	68	95
Male	85	78	47	51	76
Female	32	19	28	17	19
Sri Lanka	246	136	119	57	68
Male	230	127	112	54	67
Female	16	9	7	3	1
Peru	198	107	59	73	62
Male	145	73	48	58	46
Female	53	34	11	15	16
Others	1,087	738	547	466	383
Male	893	606	436	369	296
Female	194	132	111	97	87

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).
## (3) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The composition of illegal foreign workers by gender was 6,093 males (67.7%) and 2,910 females (32.3%), and when looking at the changes over the past few years, the ratio of males has been increasing.

## (4) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to the statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were agricultural workers at 2,215 (24.6%), followed by construction workers at 1,713 (19.0%) and factory workers at 1,410 (15.7%).

In addition, according to the statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as construction workers, followed by agricultural workers then factory workers, while the largest number of females worked as agricultural workers, followed by jobs in the hospitality industry, for example, as hostesses, then factory workers (Reference 48).

Reference 48 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

(People)

Year	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Job Categories
Total	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973	9,003
Male	5,346	4,356	4,160	5,167
Female	3,633	2,682	2,542	2,806
Agricultural worker	592	695	946	1,744	2,215
Male	432	507	632	1,113
Female	160	188	314	631
Construction worker	1,154	1,151	1,336	1,638	1,713
Male	1,146	1,144	1,323	1,622
Female	8	7	13	16
Factory worker	1,623	1,301	1,230	1,342	1,410
Male	1,124	895	769	857
Female	499	406	461	485
Other labor worker	907	580	525	686	1,076
Male	700	440	424	543
Female	207	140	101	143
Attendants such as bar hostess	1,365	837	629	523	482
Male	114	80	41	33
Female	1,251	757	588	490
Worker in other service industry	575	452	413	425	453
Male	258	161	127	118
Female	317	291	286	307
Others	2,763	2,022	1,623	1,615	1,654
Male	1,572	1,129	844	881
Female	1,191	893	779	734
## (5) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

Illegal foreign workers are known to be working in 45 prefectures throughout Japan. According to the statistics on the place of work of the illegal foreign workers by prefecture, Ibaraki prefecture had the largest number at 2,038 (22.6%) as in 2015, followed by Chiba prefecture at 1,559 (17.3%), Tokyo at 1,187 (13.2%), Aichi prefecture at 891 (9.9%) and Saitama prefecture at 716 (8.0%) (Reference 49).

According to the statistics by region, the number of illegal foreign workers in Tokyo and the six prefectures (Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma, and Tochigi) in the Kanto district was 6,779 (75.3%), making up most of the total, and the number of illegal workers in the nine prefectures in the Chubu district (Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shizuoka, Gifu and Aichi) was also at a high level of 1,325 (14.7%). Illegal foreign workers in the Kanto and Chubu districts making up 90.0% (8,104) of the total accounted for a substantial percentage of the total number of illegal foreign workers.

Reference 49 Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by area

(People)

Year Prefecture	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973	9,003
Ibaraki	891	752	1,047	1,714	2,038
Chiba	1,088	945	955	1,238	1,559
Tokyo	1,740	1,389	1,175	1,086	1,187
Aichi	1,188	954	794	757	891
Saitama	616	539	460	595	716
Kanagawa	967	680	656	638	602
Gunma	249	243	155	451	453
Osaka	517	366	273	252	226
Tochigi	191	137	109	193	224
Nagano	169	89	64	119	170
Others	1,363	944	1,014	930	937

### 4. Outline of Decisions on Violations

## (1) Receipt and Processing of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspected of coming under any of the grounds for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to undergo the procedures for decisions on violations after an investigation by an immigration control officer. These procedures consist of three steps: examination of the violation by an immigration inspector, a hearing by a special inquiry officer, and a decision of the Minister of Justice.

Decision on violation
The number of cases which underwent an examination of violations in 2016 was 14,198, which has continued to increase since 2015 (Reference 50).

Reference 50 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

(Cases)

Year	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Division
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Receipt	16,103 (748)	12,523 (793)	11,645 (670)	13,233 (594)	14,198 (484)
Completed	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	4	5	0	5	3
Issuance of written deportation order	5,640	4,729	4,482	5,409	6,008
Request for hearing	6,949	4,279	3,647	3,375	3,306
Issuance of written departure order	2,594	2,478	2,592	3,573	4,101
Not completed, others	916	1,032	924	871	780
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	7,755 (711)	4,942 (582)	4,282 (527)	3,871 (476)	3,945 (568)
Completed	Error in the findings	0	0	0	1	0
Issuance of written deportation order	101	96	74	77	145
Filing of an objection	6,952	4,226	3,596	3,163	3,078
Issuance of written departure order	0	0	0	0	0
Not completed, others	702	620	612	630	722
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Receipt	7,485 (459)	4,776 (505)	3,936 (297)	3,526 (357)	3,478 (376)
Completed	Objection with reason	2	1	1	0	1
Objection without reason	6,887	4,428	3,544	3,110	2,588
Issuance of written departure order	0	0	0	0	0
Not completed, others	596	347	391	416	889

$ ^{*} $ The numbers indicated in parentheses are carry-over cases from the previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.
The number of requests for a hearing after an examination of the violation in 2016 was 3,306 accounting for 23.3% of the total number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation, a decline of 69 (2.0%) from 2015 (Reference 50, 51).

Reference 51 Changes in the number and percentage of requests for a hearing

The number of objections filed by foreign nationals who were not satisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing was 3,078 in 2016, a decline of 85 (2.7%) from 2015 (Reference 50).

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2016 was 7,241. According to the statistics by ground for deportation, the cases of overstay amounted to 4,981, accounting for 68.8% of the total, while the percentage of cases of illegal entry was 6.8% (Reference 52).

Reference 52 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	7,329	6,425	5,821	6,589	7,241
Overstay	4,270	3,907	3,574	4,218	4,981
Illegal entry	1,430	1,001	733	638	495
Illegal landing	134	164	160	223	233
Activity other than those permitted	622	491	405	374	497
Criminal offenses	576	501	404	472	428
Others	297	361	545	664	607
According to the statistics by nationality/region in 2016, the largest number of cases in which were issued with a written deportation order came from China at 2,084 (28.8%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,476 (20.4%) and Thailand at 925 (12.8%) (Reference 53).

## (3) Provisional Release

The number of cases where foreign nationals who had been detained due to a written detention order were provisionally released in 2016 was 1,491, an increase of 198 (15.3%) compared to 2015. The number of foreign nationals detained under a written deportation order who were granted provisional release was 1,160, an increase of 97 (9.1%) from 2015 (Reference 54).
Reference 54 Changes in the number of cases of permission for provisional release

(Cases)

YearType of Order	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
By written detention order	2,128	1,510	1,293	1,293	1,491
By written deportation order	1,137	1,271	926	1,063	1,160

## (4) Special Permission to Stay in Japan

The number of cases in which received special permission to stay in Japan from the Minister of Justice in 2016 was 1,552, a decline of 471 (23.3%) when compared to 2015.

Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan had established close relationships with Japanese nationals such as through marriage. Also in many cases they had settled down in Japan in many respects.

Looking at the foreign nationals who came under the grounds of deportation but were granted special permission to stay in Japan, the grounds for the largest number in 2016 was staying illegally beyond the authorized period of stay at 1,106 (71.3%), followed by illegal entry and illegal landing, jointly accounting for 8.4%. Overstay, illegal entry and illegal landing accounted for 79.6% of the total (Reference 55).

Reference 55 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by grounds for deportation

(Cases)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	5,336	2,840	2,291	2,023	1,552
Overstay	4,304	2,161	1,643	1,504	1,106
Illegal entry/Illegal landing	491	270	223	155	130
Criminal offenses etc.	541	409	425	364	316

According to statistics by nationality/region in 2016, the largest number of foreign nationals who were granted special permission to stay in Japan came from China at 284 (18.3%), followed by R.O. Korea/Korea combined at 166 (10.7%) (Reference 56).

Reference 56 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by nationality/region

(Cases)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	5,336	2,840	2,291	2,023	1,552
China	809	422	421	393	284
R.O.Korea/Korea	693	400	286	222	166
Others	3,834	2,018	1,584	1,408	1,102

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).
### 5. Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of deportees in 2016 was 7,014, which was an increase of 840 (13.6%) when compared to 2015.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of deportees was from China at 2,058 (29.3%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,412 (20.1%), Thailand at 914 (13.0%), the Philippines at 618 (8.8%), and Indonesia at 561 (8.0%) (Reference 57).

Reference 57 Changes in the number of deportees by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	6,459	5,790	5,542	6,174	7,014
China	2,389	2,284	2,282	2,296	2,058
Viet Nam	340	432	627	1,064	1,412
Thailand	317	400	483	707	914
Philippines	972	796	616	593	618
Indonesia	164	134	159	287	561
R.O.Korea	964	665	456	328	288
Sri Lanka	141	93	123	69	115
Nepal	101	64	48	82	113
Mongolia	47	49	51	49	84
Myanmar	50	51	44	28	80
Others	974	822	653	671	771

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

The means of deportation are roughly divided into the three categories of “voluntary departure” where the deportee himself or herself pays for the deportation costs, “deportation at the expense of the Government of Japan” where the Japanese government pays for the

Deportation

deportation costs by reason of the deportee not having the necessary funds for deportation or other reasons, and “deportation in accordance with Article 59” where the deportee is deported on the responsibility and at the expense of the carrier operating the aircraft or vessel on which the deportee was brought to Japan.
Reference 58 Changes in the number of deportees by means of deportation

(People)

Year Measure of Deportation	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	6,459	5,790	5,542	6,174	7,014
Voluntary departure	6,170	5,382	5,228	5,853	6,575
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	78	54	47	49	63
Individual deportation at the expense of the government	191	208	203	206	308
Group deportation at the expense of the government	0	121	32	22	30
Others	0	0	0	1	0
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	20	25	32	43	38

$ ^{*1} $ “Group deportation at the expense of the government” refers to group deportation through the use of private chartered aircraft paid for by the Japanese government.

$ ^{*2} $ “Others” are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of the deportees’ home country.

## (1) Deportation at the Expense of Foreign National (Voluntary Departure)

Of the deportees, the number of those deported at their own expense stood at 6,575 (93.7%), which was an increase of 722 (12.3%) when compared to 2015 (References 58, 59).

The Immigration Bureau deports foreign nationals issued with a written deportation order as soon as the requirements necessary for deportation, such as the passport, air ticket or travel expenses, have been fulfilled. However, with regard to those who do not fulfill the requirements for deportation, the Immigration Bureau not only enforces the deportation procedures but also instructs deportees to make contact with relevant people in Japan or their home country in order to ask for assistance such as financial assistance for deportation. In cases where deportees do not possess a passport, the Immigration Bureau asks foreign diplomatic establishments in Japan for the early issuance of a passport for the deportee.

Reference 59 Changes in the number of deportees through voluntary departure by nationality/region

YearNationality/Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Total	6,170	5,382	5,228	5,853	6,575
China	2,364	2,263	2,257	2,262	2,015
Viet Nam	331	424	608	1,046	1,358
Thailand	312	339	467	699	909
Philippines	926	680	578	555	578
Indonesia	164	130	154	277	552
R.O.Korea	947	652	448	311	267
Nepal	100	61	45	64	96
Mongolia	46	48	49	49	81
Myanmar	48	50	44	28	78
Sri Lanka	135	86	91	67	77
Others	797	649	487	495	564

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).
## (2) Deportation at the Expense of the Government of Japan

As foreign nationals, who are in violation of the Immigration Control Act tend to stay for a longer period and have more diversified lifestyles than before. There are deportees who do not depart at the expense of the foreign national as they suffer from illness, refuse deportation for various reasons, or cannot afford the travel expenses for return to their home country. Of these foreign nationals, the number of those deported at the expense of the government in consideration of individual circumstances, etc. stood at 338 (4.8%) in 2016, which was an increase of 110 (48.2%) from 2015.

Moreover, in 2016, in order to implement safe and secure deportations, 30 foreign nationals were deported with a private chartered plane (Reference 58).

## (3) Deportation at the Expense of and on the Responsibility of Carriers

A carrier who operates an aircraft or vessel that has transported a foreign national who does not meet the requirements for landing is responsible for deporting the deportee at its own expense and on its own responsibility under certain conditions (deportation under Article 59 of the Immigration Control Act) $ ^{*} $ . The number of foreign nationals deported in this way in 2016 was 63 (0.9%), an increase of 14 (28.6%) from 2015 (Reference 58).

### 6. Departure Orders

## (1) Investigation into Violations

The number of foreign nationals whose cases were handed over from immigration control officers to immigration inspectors through the departure order procedures was 4,094 in 2016, accounting for 30.6% of the total number of foreign nationals in violation of the Immigration Control Act.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from China at 1,695 (41.4%), followed by Thailand at 765 (18.7%), Viet Nam at 629 (15.4%), the Philippines at 322 (7.9%) and Indonesia at 257 (6.3%), and these top five countries accounted for 89.6% of the total (Reference 60).