Figure 2-1-3-2 Major data utilization cases

Data type, area	Case	Outline
Location information	NTT Docomo Inc. "Mobile Space Statistics"	NTT Docomo's "Mobile Space Statistics" processes its mobile phone customers' location information into anonymous demographic data for provision to business operators, local governments, etc.
Vehicle driving information	Toyota Motor Corp. Telematics Service	The company processes big data, including vehicle locations, speed and driving conditions, collected and accumulated through its telematics service, into traffic information and statistical data that are used for improving traffic, providing map information and preventing disasters.
Sony Assurance Inc. Telematics Insurance	Since 2014, the company has acquired and analyzed customers' sudden acceleration and braking data to decide whether their driving is safe or not and refund insurance premiums to safer drivers.
Human body information	Docomo Healthcare, Inc. "Moveband 3," Omron Healthcare Co. "Wellness LINK"	These companies collect physical activity data (including travel distance and sleeping hours), and body height and weight data from people wearing wearable terminals for their visualization services, and analyze these data and provide them to medical institutions for lifestyle modification services.
Financial information	Hitachi, Ltd. "Financial API Linkage Service"	The service allows personal asset management service users to use their Internet banking IDs for seeing and controlling information on their multiple bank accounts.

(Source) "Survey Research on Secure/Safe Data Distribution and Utilization," MIC (2017)

by type of data and area indicates that data service providers collect, analyze and process data to add value to services or pave the way for other companies to provide data (Figure 2-1-3-2).

### 4. ITAC (IoT Acceleration Consortium) Initiatives

The government, industry and academia sectors have established the IoT Acceleration Consortium (ITAC) to promote their utilization beyond the bounds of companies and industries in response to the advent of the IoT/big data/AI age. ITAC has been developing IoT technology, utilizing IoT and implementing proposals for resolving policy challenges. In this respect, it has created a data distribution promotion working group to vitalize data distribution transactions beyond the bounds of areas and industries.

## Section 2 Problems in Distribution and Utilization of Data

This section summarizes citizens’ consciousness (tolerance and resistance) about data provision, Japanese companies’ awareness and their gaps based on recent cases and questionnaire and interview surveys covering companies and citizens.

### 1. Need for Developing Environment for Safe/Secure Data Distribution and Utilization

This paragraph outlines legal systems for promoting and paving the way for data distribution and utilization in foreign countries, and the status to develop a data utilization environment in Japan as the revised Act on the Protection of Personal Information, the Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Public and Private Sector Data and other laws.

## (1) Institutional Measures in Japan

Japan has continuously considered an institutional environment for data distribution and utilization. ICT development has paved the way for collecting and analyzing enormous data, enabling personal data utilization that had not been assumed at the time of the enactment of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. This has led to three challenges – (1) the emergence and expansion of so-called gray zone data that is difficult to be classified as personal information or other data, (2) the need for developing an environment for the adequate utilization of big data including personal data, and (3) the cross-border distribution of massive data amid the globalization of business operations. In response to these challenges, the Act on the Protection of Personal Information was revised in 2015 and the revised act was put into force in May 2017. Later, the Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Public and Private Sector Data was enacted to set forth basic principles for promoting the utilization of public and private sector data. On open data, its Article 11 provides: "The State and local public entities are to implement necessary measures to enable