Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
# 平成29年度機構・定員について（主要事項）

平成28年12月22日

### 1 \. 組織改正

①企画官の新設（文化庁）

京都に先行移転する文化庁の組織（地域文化創生本部（仮称））の総括及び文化庁の新たな政策ニーズに対応した機能強化を図るための体制整備

②参事官、企画官（2）の時限延長（研究開発局）

原子力損害賠償の適切な実施体制の時限延長

等

### 2. 定員

（１）平成２９年度における増員数と減員数

〇増員数 24人（うち4人は時限付き定員）

○減員数 ▲23人（參考：平成29年度末定員2，116人）

（２）主な内容

## ①教育再生の実行

・全国学力・学習状況調査の対象教科の追加に伴う増（国立教育政策研究所）

・がん教育推進の体制整備に伴う増（初等中等教育局）

・小学校英語の教科化に対応するための教科書検定体制の整備に伴う増（初等中等教育局）

・実践的な職業教育を行う新たな高等教育機関の制度化に係る事務体制の整備に伴う増

・給付型奨学金制度等の実施体制の整備に伴う増（高等教育局）

・指定国立大学法人制度に伴う事務体制の整備に係る増（高等教育局）

## ②科学技術イノベーションに適した環境創出

・将来の重要課題や研究技術領域を先取りするための科学技術インテリジェンス機能強化に向けた体制の整備に伴う増

（科学技術・学術政策局）

・次世代の遺伝的改変研究に関する生命倫理・安全対策の推進に必要な実施体制の整備に伴う増

・オープンサイエンスの戦略的推進に向けた体制整備に伴う増（研究振興局）

・国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構の世界最高水準の研究成果の創出に必要な体制整備に伴う増

(研究振興局)

## ③文化芸術立国の実現

・地域の文化芸術振興施策の推進強化に伴う増（文化庁）

・「明日の日本を支える観光ビジョン」等による観光先進国に向けた施策推進に対応するための体制整備に伴う増

（文化庁）

※いずれも地域文化創生本部（仮称）の設置に伴う体制整備

## ④復興・防災の推進

・原子力損害賠償の適切な実施体制の時限延長（研究開発局）

・熊本地震災害復旧の重点的対応に伴う増（文化庁）
## (1) 肉豚の概要

## ア 豚のと畜状況

豚のと畜頭数は1,639万5千頭で、前年に比べ2.5%減少した。(図1、表1)

表 1 豚と畜頭数の推移（全国）

区	分	单位	平成14年	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23
実数	千頭	16,183	16,396	16,596	16,243	16,210	16,268	16,192	16,966	16,807	16,395
対前年比	%	99.1	101.3	101.2	97.9	99.8	100.4	99.5	104.8	99.1	97.5

注：対前年比は、原数（Ⅱ統計表における表章単位）より算出している（以下各表において同じ。）。

## イ 食肉卸売市場における豚肉の状況

## (7) 取引状况

食肉卸売市場(中央卸売市場10、指定市場18)における豚肉の取引成立頭数は216万1千頭で、前年に比べ1.4%減少した。市場別では、中央卸売市場が91万頭で前年に比べ3.1%減少し、指定市場が125万1千頭で前年並みであった。

全国のと畜頭数に占める食肉卸売市場取引成立頭数の割合は13.2％で、前年に比べ0.2ポイント上昇した。（表2・3）

表 2 食肉卸売市場の豚肉の取引成立頭数の推移

区 分	单位	計	中央卸壳市場	指定市場
平成22年	千頭	2,191	939	1,252
23	$ \eta $	2,161	910	1,251
対前年比	%	98.6	96.9	100.0
表 3 豚肉の全国と畜頭数に占める食肉卸売市場取引成立頭数の推移

区 分	全国と畜頭数	割 合
平成22年	千頭	千頭
16,807	2,191
23	16,395	2,161

## (イ) 卸売価格の動向（1 kg当たり平均価格）

食肉中央卸売市場における豚肉の規格別卸売価格は、「極上」が733円、「上」が469円、「中」が442円、「並」が409円、「等外」が303円で、前年に比べそれぞれ12.6%、2.9%、4.5%、7.3%、31.2%上昇した。（図2、表4）

図２ 豚肉の規格別卸売価格の推移

(食肉中央卸壳市場)

表 4 豚肉の規格別卸売価格（食肉中央卸売市場）

区 分	单位	極上	上	中	並	等外
平成22年	円/kg	651	456	423	381	231
23	/	733	469	442	409	303
対前年比	%	112.6	102.9	104.5	107.3	131.2
## (2) 肉牛の概要

## ア 成牛のと畜状況

成牛のと畜頭数は116万6千頭で、前年に比べ3.6%減少した。

このうち、和牛は51万8千頭、乳牛は41万頭で、前年に比べそれぞれ1.5%、1.3%増加したが、交雑牛が22万2千頭、その他の牛が1万6千頭で、前年に比べそれぞれ19.4%、13.1%減少した。

成牛の種類別と畜頭数割合をみると、和牛は44.4%、乳牛は35.2%で、前年に比べそれぞれ2.2ポイント、1.7ポイント上昇したが、交雑牛が19.1%、その他の牛が1.4%で、前年に比べそれぞれ3.7ポイント、0.1ポイント低下した。（図3、表5）

図3 成牛の種類別と畜頭数の推移（全国）

表 5 成牛の種類別と畜頭数の推移（全国）

区 分	单位	平成14年	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23
と畜頭数
成 牛 計	千頭	1,263	1,202	1,256	1,221	1,209	1,199	1,227	1,217	1,209	1,166
和 牛	"	527	461	464	463	449	448	467	495	510	518
乳 牛	"	413	452	492	483	478	458	458	403	405	410
交 雑 牛	"	309	274	281	256	262	271	280	299	276	222
その他の牛	"	14	14	18	19	19	22	22	20	18	16
対前年比
成 牛 計	%	114.4	95.2	104.5	97.2	99.0	99.2	102.3	99.2	99.4	96.4
和 牛	"	106.3	87.5	100.6	99.7	97.1	99.6	104.3	105.9	103.1	101.5
乳 牛	"	108.0	109.4	108.9	98.1	99.0	95.8	99.9	88.1	100.4	101.3
交 雑 牛	"	145.5	88.7	102.4	91.1	102.4	103.3	103.3	107.0	92.2	80.6
その他の牛	"	106.1	104.2	129.1	102.5	102.4	114.6	101.0	88.9	92.9	86.9
構成比
成 牛 計	%	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
和 牛	"	41.7	38.4	37.0	37.9	37.2	37.3	38.1	40.7	42.2	44.4
乳 牛	"	32.7	37.6	39.2	39.6	39.6	38.2	37.3	33.1	33.5	35.2
交 雑 牛	"	24.5	22.8	22.4	21.0	21.7	22.6	22.8	24.6	22.8	19.1
その他の牛	"	1.1	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.4

注：1 割合の計が100%にならないのは、四捨五入によるものである（以下各表において同じ。）。

2 構成比は、原数（Ⅱ統計表における表章単位）より算出している（以下各表において同じ。）。
## イ 食肉卸売市場における牛肉の状況

## (7) 取引状况

食肉卸売市場（中央卸売市場10、指定市場18）における成牛の取引成立頭数は40万頭で、前年に比べ5.1％減少した。市場別では、中央卸売市場は29万6千頭、指定市場が10万4千頭で前年に比べそれぞれ3.7%、8.9％減少した。

畜種別では、和牛は21万5千頭で前年に比べ3.1%増加したが、乳牛が7万2千頭、交雑牛が11万1千頭、その他の牛が2千頭で、前年に比べそれぞれ0.5%、19.5%、24.8%減少した。

全国のと畜頭数に占める食肉卸売市場取引成立頭数の割合は34.3％で、前年に比べ0.6ポイント低下した。（表6・7）

表 6 食肉卸売市場の成牛の取引成立頭数の推移

区 分	单位	計	市 場 別	畜 種 別
中央卸壳市場	指定市場	和 牛	乳 牛	交雜牛	その他の牛
平成22年	千頭	421	308	114	209	72	138	3
23	11	400	296	104	215	72	111	2
対前年比	%	94.9	96.3	91.1	103.1	99.5	80.5	75.2

表 7 成牛の全国と畜頭数に占める食肉卸売市場取引成立頭数の推移

年 次	全国と畜頭数	割 合
平成22年	千頭	千頭
1,209	421
23	1,166	400

## (イ) 卸売価格の動向

食肉卸売市場における牛肉の規格別卸売価格を対前年騰落率でみると、「A－1」、「B－1」及び「C－1」規格が前年を上回ったものの、その他の規格は前年を下回った。（図4）

図４ 成牛の規格別取引価格の対前年騰落率
## (3) と畜場の状況

ア平成23年の全国のと畜場数は195場で、前年に比べ3場減少した。

と畜場の種類別と畜場数及び構成割合をみると、食肉卸売市場併設と畜場が27場で13.8%、食肉センターが72場で36.9%、その他が96場で49.2%となっている。(表8)

表 8 種類別と畜場数の推移（全国）

区 分	单位	計	食 肉 卸 壳 市 場 併 設 と 畜 場	食 肉 セ ン ター	その 他
と畜場数
平成22年	場	198	27	73	98
23	11	195	27	72	96
構成比
平成22年	%	100.0	13.6	36.9	49.5
23	11	100.0	13.8	36.9	49.2

豚及び成牛のと畜頭数規模別と畜場数及びと畜頭数をみると、豚を処理したと畜場数は165場、と畜頭数は1,639万5千頭であった。これをと畜頭数規模別にみると、10万頭以上のと畜場数は67場、と畜頭数は1,322万5千頭でそれぞれ40.6%、80.7%を占めている。

また、成牛を処理したと畜場数は148場、と畜頭数は116万6千頭であった。これをと畜頭数規模別にみると、1万頭以上のと畜場数は41場、と畜頭数は76万9千頭でそれぞれ27.7%、66.0%を占めている。(表9)

表 9 と畜頭数規模別と畜場数及びと畜頭数の推移（全国）

区 分	单位	豚	成 牛
計	2万頭未 満	2～5	5～10	10万頭以上	計	1,000頭未満	1,000～5,000	5,000～1万	1万頭以上
と畜場数
平成22年	場	169	48	26	25	70	151	31	36	40	44
23	11	165	44	27	27	67	148	30	39	38	41
構成比
平成22年	%	100.0	28.4	15.4	14.8	41.4	100.0	20.5	23.8	26.5	29.1
23	11	100.0	26.7	16.4	16.4	40.6	100.0	20.3	26.4	25.7	27.7
と畜頭数
平成22年	千頭	16,807	202	938	1,845	13,822	1,209	7	100	281	822
23	11	16,395	171	950	2,050	13,225	1,166	7	113	276	769
構成比
平成22年	%	100.0	1.2	5.6	11.0	82.2	100.0	0.6	8.2	23.2	68.0
23	11	100.0	1.0	5.8	12.5	80.7	100.0	0.6	9.7	23.7	66.0

注：当該畜種の入場のあったと畜場のみの集計値である。
## (1) 鶏卵の生産量

平成23年の鶏卵生産量は248万3千tで、前年に比べ1.3%減少した。

都道府県別の構成割合をみると、茨城県が7.6％と最も高く、次いで千葉県が7.4%、鹿児島県が6.8%、広島県が4.9%、岡山県が4.8％となっている。（図5、表10）

図 5 鶏卵生産量の推移（全国）

表10 鶏卵生産量（全国及び上位10都道府県）

区 分	実 数	対前年比	平成23年 構 成 比
平成22年	23
全 国 計	千t	千t	%	%
茨 城	2,515	2,483	98.7	100.0
千 葉	189	188	99.4	7.6
鹿 児 島	189	184	97.3	7.4
広 島	167	169	101.1	6.8
岡 山	120	121	100.9	4.9
北 海 道	123	118	96.5	4.8
新 潟	101	104	102.9	4.2
愛 知	98	102	104.9	4.1
青 森	107	102	95.6	4.1
兵 庫	88	90	101.8	3.6
そ の 他	82	83	100.7	3.3
1,250	1,220	97.6	49.1
## (2) 鶏卵の出荷状況

鶏卵出荷量は240万8千tで、前年に比べ1.4%減少した。

全国農業地域別の構成割合をみると、千葉県、茨城県を中心とする関東・東山が最も高く、出荷量の24.7％を占めている。次いで、鹿児島県、福岡県を中心とする九州が15.2％となっている。（表11）

表11 鶏卵の全国農業地域別出荷量

区 分	実 数	対前年比	平成23年 構 成 比
平成22年	23
全 国	千t	千t	%	%
北 海 道	2,442	2,408	98.6	100.0
東 北	99	101	102.8	4.2
北 陸	351	325	92.7	13.5
関東・東山	141	145	103.4	6.0
東 海	604	594	98.4	24.7
近 畿	293	297	101.3	12.3
中 国	131	130	99.5	5.4
四 国	301	295	98.3	12.3
九 州	131	129	98.8	5.4
沖 縄	369	366	99.2	15.2
23	24	102.2	1.0

## (参考) 卸壳価格（鶏卵市況情報）

図6 鶏卵卸売価格の推移

（東京全農系、M規格、中値）
## (1) 食鳥の処理量

全国の処理羽数は肉用若鶏が6億1,717万6千羽、廃鶏が8,887万9千羽で前年に比べそれぞれ2.6%、2.4%減少したが、その他の肉用鶏が800万6千羽で、前年に比べ2.0%増加した。

全国の処理重量は肉用若鶏が178万3,393 t、廃鶏が15万4,004 tで前年に比べそれぞれ2.8%、2.9%減少したが、その他の肉用鶏が2万4,901 tで、前年に比べ1.3%増加した。（表12）

表12 全国の食鳥処理量（全国）（平成23年）

区 分	処 理 量 （生 体 ）	対 前 年 比
羽 数	重 量	羽 数	重 量
肉 用 若 鶏	千羽	t	%	%
617,176	1,783,393	97.4	97.2
廃 鶏	88,879	154,004	97.6	97.1
その他の肉用鶏(地鶏等)	8,006	24,901	102.0	101.3

## ア 肉用若鶏

都道府県別の出荷羽数割合をみると、鹿児島県が19.8％と最も高く、次いで宮崎県が18.5%、岩手県が15.4％となっており、上位3県で出荷羽数の約5割を占めている。（図7）

図 7 肉用若鶏の都道府県別出荷羽数割合
## 亻 廃鶏

都道府県別の出荷羽数割合をみると、茨城県が7.4％と最も高く、次いで鹿児島県が7.1%、千葉県が6.9%、愛知県が5.4%、岡山県が5.0％となっている。（図8）

図８ 廃鶏の都道府県別出荷羽数割合

注：割合の計が100%にならないのは、四捨五入によるものである。

## ウその他の肉用鶏（ふ化後3か月齢以上）

都道府県別の出荷羽数割合をみると、徳島県が24.0％と最も高く、次いで兵庫県が9.2%、福島県が8.5%、愛知県が7.8%、秋田県が6.0％となっており、上位5県で出荷羽数の約5割を占めている。（図9）

図9 その他の肉用鶏の都道府県別出荷羽数割合
## (2) 食鳥処理場数

食鳥を処理した全国の食鳥処理場数は527場で、1処理場当たり処理重量は3,724 tとなっている。（表13）

表13 食鳥処理場数及び1処理場当たり処理重量（全国）

区 分	单位	1）食鳥処理場	食鳥の種類
肉 用 若 鶏	廃 鶏	その 他 の 肉 用 鶏
処 理 場 数
平成22年	場	520	165	274	195
23	11	527	161	277	200
対前年比	%	101.3	97.6	101.1	102.6
1処理場当たり処理重量
平成22年	t	3,881	11,122	579	126
23	11	3,724	11,077	556	125
対前年比	%	96.0	99.6	96.0	99.2

注：1)は、食鳥を処理した実処理場数であり、1処理場で複数の処理を行っている場合があることから、食鳥の種類の計とは一致しない。

## (参考) 卸壳価格（食鳥市況情報）
Contents

FY2017 Annual Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan

Special Image of young farmers responsible for next generation

Topic --Toward further development of farming

Topic 1 Agriculture expanded output for 2nd straight year, looking to overseas markets for further development

Topic 2 Conclusion of Japan-EU EPA negotiations and countermeasures

Topic 3 Policy theme for 150th anniversary of Meiji Restoration --Sericulture's great contributions to modernizing Japan

Topic 4 Countryside Stay started

Chapter 1 Securing Stable Food Supply

1. Food self-sufficiency ratio and food self-sufficiency potential index
2. Strategic exploration of global market
3. Global food supply and demand, and efforts for establishing food security
4. Food consumption trends and promotion of Shokuiku (food and nutrition education)
5. Ensuring food safety and consumer confidence
6. Trends of food industry
7. Exploring new demand for agriculture, forestry and fisheries products and food

Chapter 2 Creating Strong Agricultural Structure

1. Promoting structural reform of agriculture
2. Developing and conserving agricultural production infrastructure
3. Production trends for major farm and livestock products
4. Promoting measures to enhance agricultural production competitiveness
5. Promotion of environmental policy such as responses to climate change
6. Agriculture-related organizations supporting agriculture

Chapter 3 Taking Advantage of Local Resources to Promote and Vitalize Rural Areas

1. Present status of rural areas and regional empowerment moves
2. Vitalizing agriculture in hilly and mountainous areas
3. Maintaining and demonstrating multifunctional roles of agriculture and rural areas
4. Wildlife damage and gibber
5. Proactive utilization of local resources
6. Promotion of urban agriculture
7. Coordination between agriculture and various other fields

Chapter 4 Restoration/Reconstruction from Great East Japan Earthquake

and Kumamoto Earthquake

1. Restoration/Reconstruction from Great East Japan Earthquake
2. Restoration/Reconstruction from Kumamoto Earthquake
Special Topic: Image of young farmers responsible for future generation – Toward Further development of farming

### Moves between cultivated land size brackets for single rice farm entities from 2010 to 2015 indicate that 30.7% of young farm households moved to higher brackets by expanding cultivated land

## Size brackets for right figure (20 brackets)

①No cultivated land	⑧2.5-3.0ha	⑮20-25ha
②Below 0.3 ha	⑨3.0-4.0ha	⑯25-30ha
③0.3-0.5 ha	⑩4.0-5.0ha	⑰30-40ha
④0.5-1.0 ha	⑱5.0-7.5ha	⑲40-50ha
⑤1.0-1.5 ha	⑳7.5-10ha	㉑50-100ha
⑥1.5-2.0 ha	㉒10-15ha	㉓100 ha or more
㉔2.0-2.5ha	㉕15-20ha

## Among non-single rice farm entities households as well, young households expanded their cultivated land

##

The number of young farm households with permanently hired workers increased in the latest decade, with their share rising from 5.3% to 12.6%.

##

In rice and dairy farming, young farm households feature less work hours per unit area or head than non-young farm households and a higher agricultural fixed asset equipment ratio indicating investment in machinery and facilities, indicating progress in investment for shortening work hours.

This might have led to young farm households’ cultivated land size expansion and higher agricultural income.

## Single rice farm entities land size trend in five latest years

Source: MAFF, Census of Agriculture and Forestry (aggregate calculation after reclassification)

Young farm households' average business size for each major farming operation (Upper for 2005, middle for 2010, lower for 2015)

Source: MAFF, Census of Agriculture and Forestry (aggregate calculation after reclassification)

Share for farm households with permanently hired workers

Source: MAFF, Census of Agriculture and Forestry (aggregate calculation after reclassification)

Rice and dairy farming trends for young farm households

Young farm households	Non-young farm households
Rice farming	Work hours per 10 a (hours/10 a)	34	58
Agricultural fixed asset equipment ratio (yen)	2,930	2,420
Farming income per farm household (10 thousand yen)	799	32
Dairy farming	Work hours per head of dairy cattle (hours/head)	129	176
Agricultural fixed asset equipment ratio (yen)	6,628	3,480
Farming income per farm household (10 thousand yen)	1,188	505

Source: MAFF, Statistics on Farm Management and Economy by Type of Management (of individual ownership) (aggregate calculation after reclassification)

Note: Data are averages for 3 years from 2013 to 2015.
### 2. Analysis of questionnaire survey of young farmers

## Outline of questionnaire survey of young farmers

[Timing] October 26-November 5, 2017

[Method] Web questionnaire survey (using mail magazines and SNS services to announce the survey)

[Target] Farmers aged 49 or less as of October 1, 2017

[Contents] "Farm households or corporation directors" and "employees" (Those in the 2 categories were asked to respond)

[Respondents] 1,885 persons

* The questionnaire survey results are not statistically estimated thoughts of all young farmers but the aggregation of responses from 1,885 young farmers.

“Farm households

Farm household heads: 1,357

or corporation directors"

Farm household members: 204

(Numbers are of

respondents)

Corporation directors: 151

"Employees"

(Numbers are of respondents)

Farm household employees: 94

Corporation employees: 79

## Thoughts about agriculture

(Farm household heads/members+corporation directors+farm household/corporation employees:1,885 persons)

On Japan’s agriculture, 35.1% of all respondents said that Japanese farmers should look to overseas markets as well as the domestic market. Those saying so accounted for 40.6% of rice farmers, 42.6% of fruits farmers and 51.9% of beef cattle farmers.

The most frequently cited attractive point of agriculture was great discretionary freedom, cited by 46.5% of respondents.

## Attractive points of agriculture

Note: Multiple answers were allowed

## Farm business leaders' thoughts about farming

## (Farm household heads + Corporation directors: 1,508 persons)

Among present business challenges, “labor shortages” are more frequently cited by those who have engaged in farming longer. “Technique shortages” and “fundraising difficulties” are less frequently cited by them.

(Number of years since entry into farming)

Note: Multiple answers were allowed
Special Topic: Image of young farmers responsible for future generation – Toward Further development of farming

Among agricultural production measures that should be promoted in the future, the "introduction of new technologies such as IoT (Internet of things)" and "cooperation with different industries" are more frequently cited by respondents with greater sales.

Among shipment or sales measures that should be promoted in the future, “direct sales to consumers” were most frequently cited, followed by “sales to food service and home-meal replacement providers” and “sales to farmer’s markets run by others.”

Percentage shares of respondents citing “introduction of new technologies such as IoT” and “cooperation with different industries” as agricultural production

million yen) measures to be promoted

Note: Multiple answers were allowed.

Shipment or sales measures that should be promoted in the future (3 most frequently cited measures)

Note: Multiple answers were allowed.

### 3. Directions of measures to be promoted for efficient, stable farming

A business structure analysis confirmed that young farm households are investing in the expansion of employment and the shortening of working hours per unit area or head in line with their business size expansion.

A questionnaire survey of young farmers confirmed farming production, shipment and sales measures that they want to promote in the future.

To foster efficient, stable farming, the environment should be developed to support the incorporation of farming, the development of innovative technologies introducing AI, IoT, robots and drones, and measures that farmers including questionnaire survey respondents want to promote.

##

Realizing efficient rice farming through investment and improvement of machinery capacity utilization rates (Niigata Prefecture)

Hiroshi Maruta from a non-agriculture industry founded limited liability company Houmi Noko and became its representative at the age of 31 in 2005. In FY2017, the company produced mainly rice for food service providers at paddies totaling 130 ha.

In line with business size expansion, the company introduced larger agricultural machines and improved their capacity utilization rates by producing 10 crop varieties to diversify cropping seasons. By developing multiple jobs, the company has secured 11 young employees.

Representative Hiroshi Maruta (leftmost person in the back row) and young employees
## Analysis on permanently hired workers aged 44 or less

In 2015, permanently hired workers aged 44 or less totaled 49 thousand persons at corporate management entities and 38 thousand persons at commercial farm households. Of corporation farms, those with 10 or more permanently hired workers accounted for 68.7%. Of commercial farm households, those with 4 or less permanently hired workers accounted for 63.4%.

Those that employed 44 or less year-old persons as permanently hired workers accounted for 46.5% of corporate management entities and for 1.5% of commercial farm households. Such share rose from 50% or less for corporate management entities with sales of less than 30 million yen to more than 50% for those with 30 million yen or more and from less than 10% for commercial farm households with sales of less than 30 million yen to more than 20% for those with 30 million yen or more.

Employers of 44 or less year-old permanently hired workers by employment size band

Source: MAFF, 2015 Census of Agriculture and Forestry (aggregate calculation after reclassification)

Shares of entities employing 44 or less year-old permanently hired workers

Source: MAFF, 2015 Census of Agriculture and Forestry (aggregate calculation after reclassification)

## Corporate employees' satisfaction levels and thoughts about their future course (Questionnaire survey of young farmers: 79 persons)

Respondents satisfied with their present employers exceed those unsatisfied for most items. As for wages, however, unsatisfied respondents exceed satisfied ones.

On their future courses, respondents willing to “stay at their present entities” accounted for the largest share of 39.2%, followed by 30.4% for those willing to “become independent farmers.”

Satisfaction with present employers
# Conclusion of Japan-EU EPA negotiations and countermeasures

Japan and the European Union concluded their negotiations on a bilateral economic partnership agreement in December 2017, securing border measures to allow continued reproduction.

● Even in a new international environment, the government will implement full-blown measures to surely allow reproduction by leading ambitious agriculture, forestry and fisheries workers to do business with security.

### 1. Overview of negotiations

Japan-EU EPA negotiations lasted for 4 years and were concluded as confirmed in telephone talks between the Japanese and EU leaders on December 8, 2017.

Japan and the EU account for 8.6% of global population and 28.4% of global GDP.

An analysis on the Japan-EU EPA’s economic effects by the Cabinet Secretariat indicates that the pact would work to expand GDP by about 1% (about 5 trillion yen) and labor supply by about 0.5% (about 0.29 million persons).

At present, Japan and the EU are making preparations to sign and effectuate the EPA as early as possible.

Global population share of Japan and EU (2016)

Japan+ EU = 8.6%

Global GDP share of Japan and EU (2016)

Japan + EU = 28.4%

Source: Prepared by MAFF based on data from MOfA

### 2. Details of Japan-EU EPA

Rice has been exempted from tariff reduction or repeal. The existing state trading system has been maintained for wheat and barley, with a small tariff quota established.

Among dairy products, soft cheese has been subjected to the tariff quota system, with the quota limited to a level balanced with domestic production expansion. The state trading system has been maintained for skimmed milk powder and butter, with limited private trade quotas established.

The differential duty system has been maintained for pork, with a long tariff phaseout period (9 years) and a safeguard against import surges secured. For beef, a long tariff phaseout period (15 years) and a safeguard against import surges have been secured.

An immediate tariff repeal has been avoided for structural laminated wood among forestry products, with a certain tariff phaseout period secured.

The EU has agreed to repeal tariffs on almost all products including beef, tea and fish products. As for geographical indications of 48 Japanese products and 71 EU products are subject to high-level protection.

## Japan’s 48 geographical indication products subjected to Japan-EU mutual protection

Kito Yuzu

Tokushima

Odate Tonburi

Akita

Vegetables

Livestock

Iinuma Kuri Ibaraki

Hatcho Miso

Aichi

Fish products

Processed goods, etc.
## Lesson: Market-in approach can expand exports

The introduction of new yarn-making technologies, the nurturing of excellent silkworm varieties and the introduction of export inspection allowed Japan to produce better-quality raw silk and dramatically expand raw silk exports.

Japan’s raw silk exports, after plunging once, recovered thanks to a Meiji Era market-in approach meeting needs in the United States, a new export destination. This episode represents a lesson that Japan should implement now.

As domestic food demand is set to decline with global demand increasing, Japan should position export as one of the sales channels for agricultural products to realize agriculture’s sustainable development.

Japan could further expand agricultural, forestry and fisheries products and food exports if more farmers and agricultural groups undertake agricultural production under a market-in approach.

##

## Tomioka Silk Mill as model government-run factory

The Meiji government constructed the Tomioka Silk Mill as a model government-run factory in the region now called Tomioka City, Gunma Prefecture, where it was easy to secure water and coal supply, in a bid to spread machine-using yarn-making technologies that could produce massive high-quality raw silk.

The silk mill was privatized in 1893 and continued operation for more than 100 years until 1987. Along with historical sericulture sites, the building was registered as a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage site in 2014.

Nishiki-e (colored woodblock print) of Tomioka Silk Mill

Source: Provided by Gunma Prefectural Museum of History

##

## Present sericulture – Purely domestic silk product production initiative and new raw materials’ roles

Japan’s cocoon production has decreased due to falling demand for Japanese dresses and growth in raw silk and silk product imports. Meanwhile, silk farmers, yarn-making companies, silk fabric producers and kimono shops are cooperating in an initiative to produce purely domestic silk products.

In recent years, luminescent silk using genetically modified silkworms has been produced along with brittle-bone disease test drugs and animal pharmaceuticals using protein produced by silkworms. The development of artificial blood vessels and intractable disease drugs has made progress.

## Purely domestic silk mark

The mark is attached

only to silk products

produced only with

domestic cocoons

and raw silk.