C
Calorie supply (Calorie intake)	Calorie supply refers to the total amount of calories from food that is supplied to the public, and calorie intake refers to the total amount of calories actually consumed by the public. As a rule, the value for calorie supply is taken from the Food Balance Sheet issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, while the value for calorie intake is taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey issued by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Although it is necessary to keep in mind that calculations for both values are entirely different, since the calorie supply value includes leftovers and food destroyed in the distribution stage, the difference between this value and calorie intake can be used as an approximate measure of food wastes including food residue emerging inevitably in food industry processes, home food leftovers, etc.
Cattle breeding station (CBS)	A cattle breeding station is an organization to intensively undertake breeding cow deliveries and settlements and calf incubation and nurturing that consume much time in breeding operations. A cattle station (CS) is an organization to intensively undertake the incubation and nurturing of calves produced in breeding operations and occasionally take care of breeding cows.
Certified farmer (system)	The certified farmer system certifies plans for improving agricultural management drafted by farmers to attain targets for efficient and stable farm management in basic plans prepared by municipal governments to meet their respective conditions under the Agricultural Management Framework Reinforcement Act. For certified farmers, or those whose plans have been certified, various measures are primarily implemented, including low interest financing from the Super L loan system and other programs, measures to facilitate farmland consolidation and infrastructure improvement efforts to support business farmers.
Codex Alimentarius Commission	The Codex Alimentarius Commission is an international intergovernmental organization created by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1963 to secure the protection of consumer health and fair food trade. It develops the Codex Alimentarius. Japan joined the commission in 1966.
Community based farm cooperatives	Farm cooperatives consist of farming households in certain regions that have developed relations through local communities or other geographical bases. Cooperative member households conduct joint agricultural production. These cooperatives' forms and operations vary depending on regional conditions. Their operations range from the aggregation of diverted paddy fields and the communal use of communally purchased machines to joint production and sales in which farming leaders play a central role.
Crop condition index	The index indicates rice crop conditions, taking the form of a percentage ratio of a (forecast) yield per 10 acres to a standard yield per 10 acres. The standard yield is a yield anticipated before annual planting, based on average-year meteorological conditions and disaster incidence, the recent advancement of cultivation technologies and the recent actual yield trend.
Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP)	This is a program for the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation established at the Cabinet Office to allocate budgets for initiatives covering from basic research to exits (practical application or commercialization) beyond the bounds of ministries and fields and promote them. SIP stands for Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program.
D
Dilapidated farmland	A dilapidated farmland is a farmland that has been left uncultivated and dilapidated due to the abandonment of cultivation and is viewed objectively as unable to be used for growing crops with conventional farming methods.
Direct seeding (rice)	Direct seeding, where rice seeds are directly scattered into paddies, can skip seedling-raising and transplanting steps required for the conventional practices including transplanting. There are various direct seeding methods, which are roughly divided into two groups - flooded direct seeding where seeds are scattered into flooded paddies after plowing and soil pudding, and dry direct seeding where seeds are scattered into non-flooded paddies.