Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Looking at the types of money laundering crimes under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes, the number of burglaries was the highest at 73, followed by 65 cases of fraud, 27 cases of illegal loaning in violation of the Moneylending Business Act and the Investment Deposit and Interest Rate Act and 20 cases of distribution of obscene material.

## 2 Modus Operandi of Money Laundering observed in Cleared Cases

## (1) Examples of Concealment of Criminal Proceeds

Instances of concealment of criminal proceeds in 2012 consisted largely of cases in which offenders attempted to transfer funds to bank accounts under the name of other persons. This is a major form of infrastructure used in money-laundering crimes. In addition, criminals use various methods to keep investigative authorities off the track, including selling stolen items using a false name, disguising facts with respect to acquiring criminal proceeds, and more.

## 【Case 1】 Concealment of criminal proceeds (Large-Sum Fraud) stemming from transfer of corporate shares

A male company executive manufactured cosmetics and labeled ingredients without a cosmetics manufacturing licenses. He also sold cosmetic products without having conducted quality control checks, and through these actions repeatedly violated the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Despite being aware that if these violations were discovered, the cosmetics already distributed on the market would have to be recalled, causing extensive losses to the company, the offender knowingly concealed that information and sold the stock of the company he owned. In the sale of this stock to another corporation, he defrauded the buyer of a total of approximately ¥680 million, concealing ¥410 million by remitting the money to bank accounts in the names of his former subordinates. He thus violated the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.), which lead to his arrest.

(Shimane, in January)

## 【Case 2】Arrangement of disposal of stolen goods with compensation and concealment of criminal proceeds related to stolen commemorative coins

An unemployed man was hired by an acquaintance to change a large number of stolen commemorative coins for cash, entering a false name on the bank’s money exchange form and changing the coins for approximately ¥170,000 in cash. He was arrested for arrangement of disposal of stolen goods with compensation and for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.).

(Saitama, in July)
### 【Case 3】Concealment of criminal proceeds etc. from grand theft

A few unemployed men stole ¥160 million in cash from the home of a company executive, concealing approximately ¥150 million of it under the ground in the mountain forests. They were arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.). (Kumamoto, in September)

## (2) Examples of Receipt of Criminal Proceeds etc

In the cases on receipt of criminal proceeds which were cleared in 2012, there are cases where offenders received criminal proceeds derived from prostitution, theft, fraud, etc., which shows these criminal proceeds can be transferred to other individuals in diverse ways.

## 【Case 4】Receipt of stolen goods including stolen vehicles with compensation and receipt of criminal proceeds etc

An unemployed man asked an acquaintance to steal a vehicle, purchasing the vehicle and two license plates for ¥50,000. He was arrested for the receipt of stolen goods with compensation as well as the violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (receipt of criminal proceeds).

(the Metropolitan Police Department, in February)

### 【Case 5】 Receipt of criminal proceeds etc. related to violation of the Anti-Prostitution Act

A male former manager of a non-storefront type sex parlor received approximately ¥460,000 from the current proprietor, though he was aware that the funds had been obtained through prostitution, in return for mobile phones and other items for use in communication with customers. He was arrested for violating the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (receipt of criminal proceeds). (Shiga, in July)

## 3 Money Laundering Cases related to Boryokudan Gangsters

There were a total of 55 cases cleared of money laundering related to Boryokudan gangsters (including Boryokudan members, associates, and other related parties) in 2012, consisting of 27 cases of concealment of criminal proceeds etc., and 28 cases of receipt of criminal proceeds etc. This number accounts for 23.1% of all cases cleared of money laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2012.

In each type of cases of money laundering related to Boryokudan gangsters, there were 17 cases of fraud, 10 cases of theft, 7 cases of illegal loaning, and 6 cases of prostitution offences. This indicates that Boryokudan gangsters commit money laundering by a variety of predicate offences.
(1) Examples of Means of Concealment of Criminal Proceeds etc. by Boryokudan gangsters

Looking at the cases of concealment of criminal proceeds etc. by Boryokudan gangsters in 2012, there were nine cases of fraud, six cases of illegal loaning, and four cases of theft.

Criminal proceeds obtained by fraud or illegal loaning are often concealed by remitting the funds to a bank account in another party's name.

### [Case 6] Concealment of criminal proceeds etc. related to the unlicensed sale of pharmaceutical products in violation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act

pharmaceutical products in violation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act

A male member of the Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi gangster organization and others engaged in operations of an unauthorized pharmacy and the sale of pharmaceutical products using collect-on-delivery post. From a number of customers, a sum of approximately ¥20 million was collected and remitted to accounts in the name of other parties through the post office; arrests were therefore made for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.)

(Chiba, in March)

### 【Case 7】Concealment of criminal proceeds etc. in large-scale violations of the Moneylending Control Act

Men unregistered in the moneylending business lent illegal high-interest loans to the managers of small and medium sized firms in financial difficulty. A number of debtors made loan payments in the amount of approximately ¥370 million to bogus accounts made in the names of shell companies. The man was arrested for violations of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.). A temporary restraining order was also issued on the sum of approximately ¥2 million remaining in the accounts noted above.

The accounts mentioned above are part of several hundred accounts established in the names of shell companies by the members of the Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi, the Kudokai and other Boryokudan for the purpose of loan payments. The relevant Boryokudan members were arrested for account fraud for having defrauded the banks of those accounts.

Furthermore, a certified administrative procedures specialist who were involved in setting up the corporations Boryokudan members misused for opening bank accounts was issued a Rectification Order from the Governor of Hiroshima after receiving an Opinion Statement from the NPSC / the National Police Agency for his failure to identify customers under the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds. The certified administrative procedures specialist was also arrested for the lack of preparation of account ledgers in violation of the Administrative Scrivener Act. (Fukuoka, in August)
[Case 8] Concealment of criminal proceeds of international large-sum fraud

A senior mender of the Kyokuto-kai, a Nigerian man and others worked together to remit funds from a fraud case in the United States in the sum of approximately ¥24 million to a bank account in Japan. They misled the bank that the funds were paid for products. Subsequently, when completing the withdrawal procedures, they submitted transaction sheets with the false statement that the funds were paid for products, and consequently gave a false appearance that the funds were fairly obtained in business. They were arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.). (Niigata and the Metropolitan Police Department, in December)

(2) Examples of Receipt of Criminal Proceeds etc. related to Boryokudan Gangsters

Cleared cases of receipt of criminal proceeds etc. by Boryokudan gangsters in 2012 consisted of 8 cases of fraud and 6 cases each of prostitution and theft.

Cases of receipt of criminal proceeds etc. included protection money and contributions to the gangster organizations, providing an indication of how Boryokudan gangsters obtain criminal proceeds through the power or force of the organization.
### 【Case 9】Receipt of criminal proceeds etc. related to violations of the Anti-Prostitution Act

A senior member of the Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi received approximately ¥38,000 in funds from a dispatch-system prostitution club operated by a subordinate. The man was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (Receipt of criminal proceeds etc.). (Osaka, in March)

## 4 Money Laundering conducted by Foreign Visitors to Japan

In cleared cases of money laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2012, there were 17 cases related to foreign visitors to Japan, representing 7.1% of all cases.

Looking at these 17 cases, there were 12 cases of concealment of criminal proceeds etc. and 5 cases of receipt of criminal proceeds etc.. Looking at the types of cases of money laundering, there were 5 cases each involving underground bank crimes and theft, 4 cases of fraud, and 2 cases of violations of the Trademark Act. It can be seen that criminals of foreign nationalities operating in Japan use various methods to carry out money laundering, including the use of bank accounts in Japan made in the names of other parties.

## [Case 10] Concealment of criminal proceeds made on the sale of counterfeited branded products

A Korean man and others were arrested for the sales of counterfeited branded products via cash-on-delivery mail, and on making customers remit to accounts in the names of other parties through the post office in the amount of approximately ¥19,000. They were arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.). (Osaka, in May)

## 【Case 11】Concealment of criminal proceeds etc, on a kidnapping-for-ransom case that took place overseas

The sum of approximately ¥180 million in ransom money in a kidnapping-for-ransom case in the Netherlands was remitted to a bank account in Japan. A Chinese man attempted to prove that the money was earned legally by giving false information to a bank clerk that the funds were used as a deposit on business dealings and presenting a fraudulent business contract. The man was arrested on violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds etc.). (Kanagawa, in November)

## Paragraph 2 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

The total number of cleared cases of money laundering under the Anti-Drug Special
Provisions Law in 2012 was 11 (see Table 5-3).

In some cases, money laundering is artfully committed for funds acquired through drug offences such as smuggling of stimulants, in which purchasers' payments are deposited into a bank account under the name of another party (Case 12)

Note: Drug criminal proceeds etc. are comprised of drug criminal proceeds and proceeds stemming from drug offense proceeds, or a mix of said proceeds and other funds. (Article2, Paragraph 3 to 5 of the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law).

Table 5-3 Number of arrests made for money laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

Year Category	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Concealment of drug-related criminal proceeds etc. (Article 6)	8 (2)	5 (3)	3 (2)	5 (3)	5 (4)	10 (4)	5 (1)	8 (4)	8 (3)	8 (2)
Receipt of drug-related criminal proceeds etc. (Article 7)	2 (2)	0 (0)	2 (2)	5 (2)	2 (1)	2 (1)	5 (3)	1 (1)	0 (0)	3 (2)
Total	10 (4)	5 (3)	5 (4)	10 (5)	7 (5)	12 (5)	10 (4)	9 (5)	8 (3)	11 (4)

Note: Each number in brackets represents the number of cases conducted by Boryokudan gangsters.

【Case 12】Concealment of drug criminal proceeds from the illicit sale of stimulants by a female drug trafficker

An investigation of stimulant end abusers revealed a female supplier, leading to a widespread search of affiliated offenders and the arrest of the woman on violations of the Stimulants Control Act (possession). Upon examination of a deposit passbook confiscated during the search, the female trafficker had utilized a bank account in another party's name for trafficking purpose. Remittances of approximately ¥1.4 million from customers purchasing stimulants had been made to this account. She also misrepresented herself as having no income, thereby unfairly receiving public assistance. She was arrested for violations of the Stimulants Control Act (concealment of drug criminal proceeds etc.) and for fraud charges. (Ishikawa in February)

## Section 3 Temporary Restraining Order for Confiscation of Criminal Proceeds before Institution of Prosecution in 2012

In order to prevent criminal proceeds from being used to maintain and expand the powers of criminal organizations and being used to invest in future criminal activities, it is important to deprive them. Confiscation and collection of equivalent value of criminal proceeds are
conducted based on the court order. To ensure that criminal proceeds are not concealed or spent before the order is given, the police use the system of “Temporary Restraining Order for Confiscation before Institution of Prosecution” (hereafter referred as Temporary Restraining Order) stipulated in the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes and the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in order to confiscate criminal proceeds effectively.

## Paragraph 1 Temporary Restraining Order under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

The number of "Temporary Restraining Orders" issued under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2012 (on the request of judicial police officers) was 148, the largest number since the enforcement of the Act in 2000.

A breakdown of this figure by type of offence includes 38 cases of violation of the Adult Entertainment Business Act, 26 cases of Habitual Gambling and Running a Gambling Place for the Purpose of Profit, 16 cases of prostitution, 15 cases of distribution of obscene material, and 9 cases of loan-sharking offences (see Table 5-4).

Table 5-4 Numbers of Temporary Restraining Orders Issued and Amounts Confiscated Before Prosecution under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
7(3)	7(5)	8(0)	9(3)	21(7)	44(21)	54(23)	70(36)	101(30)	148(39)

Note 1: Only the cases requested by judicial police officers.

Note 2: Each number in brackets represents the number of cases related to Boryokudan gangsters.

Year	Total amount of credit	Others
2003	¥12,809,068	Land 6,600m²
2004	¥12,079,511
2005	¥564,953,561
2006	¥52,680,512
2007	¥268,801,546
2008	¥314,239,728
2009	¥270,188,760	Foreign currency US$750
2010	¥160,597,150	Land 605.95m² Building 1 Passenger vehicles 2 Necklace 1
2011	¥134,764,985
2012	¥3,380,337,707	Light vehicle 1 Passenger vehicle 1 Condominium 1 unit
From 2007 onward, the number of the Orders has increased substantially year by year. One of the reasons for this trend is that “Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value of the Crime Victim Property” related to crimes such as fraud, loan sharking offences, theft, and acceptance of stolen properties, which had not been subjects to be confiscated or collected, are now available due to the enforcement of the amended Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in December 2006, and that the provision of the Article 13, Paragraph 3 of the Act (confiscation of crime victim property) has been applied.

In July 2011, unauthorized adult entertainment business and unlicensed banking business were added to the predicate offences and the range of assets subject to confiscation increased. Therefore the opportunities to apply the procedures for "Temporary Restraining Order" specified in the Act are expected to increase in the future. The system of "Temporary Restraining Orders" under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes which enables judicial police officers to deprive criminal proceeds is an important measure. It is expected that the police, in good coordination with the public prosecutor's office, will use the system effectively and prevent criminal organizations from using criminal proceeds etc.

The police should actively make use of “Temporary Restraining Orders” to ensure the enforcement of confiscation orders for the purpose of the recovery of crime victim property by the public prosecutor under the “Act on the Provision of Compensation for Crime Victim Property etc.”

"Temporary Restraining Orders" issued in 2012 include numerous orders against unauthorized entertainment business. Orders were also issued for pecuniary claims for the following, which under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crime are subject to confiscation: refund claim rights, claims on deposits, and claims on advance payment on behalf of a third party.

## 【Case 13】Temporary restraining order against the right to demand restitution on default of golf club member sales contract

A man operating an unlicensed entertainment business sought to purchase a golf club membership from an acquaintance with proceeds obtained from an unlicensed entertainment business. Since the man was arrested, the golf club did not approve the transfer of membership, defaulting on the sales contract. The offender was therefore entitled to a refund. A temporary restraining order was placed not only against the confiscated cash of approximately ¥75,000 and credit of approximately ¥45,000 but also against the offender's right to demand restitution of approximately ¥400,000 on default of sales contract.

(Yamagata in February)
## 【Case 14】Temporary restraining order against real estate fraudulently obtained in violation of articles regarding the exclusion of organized crime syndicates

violation of articles regarding the exclusion of organized crime syndicates

A man belonging to the organization affiliated with the Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi hid the fact that he was a Boryokudan member from a real estate brokerage whose policy was to reject contract of sale with anti-social forces under articles regarding the exclusion of organized crime syndicates. He then proceeded to purchase a condominium. He was issued a temporary restraining order against the condominium as fraudulently obtained property.

(Kyoto, in June)

## 【Case 15】Temporary restraining order against compensation gained in violation of the Lawyers Act (agency of legal business)

Despite the fact that they were not lawyers, nor their office a law office, female executives of a certain company and others acted as an agency, i.e. introducing a judicial scrivener office, regarding arbitration of debt adjustment and excess payment reimbursement, for compensation. Because the company earned compensation from the judicial scrivener's office as an introduction fee, a temporary restraining order was placed against these earnings in the sum of ¥33 million.

(the Metropolitan Police Department, in June)
【Case 16】Temporary restraining order against advance payment on behalf of a third party remitted as proceeds from an unlicensed entertainment business

A female proprietor of an unauthorized lounge bar formed a contract with a credit card company. Some of her customers paid by credit card. A temporary restraining order was issued against confiscated deposit claims of approximately ¥320,000, and against advance payment on behalf of a third party in the amount of ¥48,000, which was to be remitted from the credit card company. (Okayama, in July)

## Paragraph 2 Temporary Restraining Order under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

The number of Temporary Restraining Orders issued under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in 2012 was 16 (see Table 5-5).

For example, a Temporary Restraining Order was issued against proceeds (cash and claim on deposits) obtained from trafficking of stimulant drugs which were sold illegally via door-to-door delivery (Case 17).

Table 5-5 Number of Temporary Restraining Orders Issued and Amounts Confiscated Before Prosecution under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
8(2)	5(2)	8(5)	3(2)	4(3)	7(5)	8(5)	13(7)	14(4)	16(8)

Note 1: Only the cases requested by judicial police officers.

Note 2: Each number in brackets represents the number of cases related to Boryokudan gangsters.

Year4	Total amount of credit	Others
2003	¥47,839,109
2004	¥67,440,983
2005	¥92,619,024
2006	¥10,432,915
2007	¥45,032,829
2008	¥23,344,267
2009	¥29,215,674
2010	¥33,591,421	Traveller's cheque US$11,500 Necklace 2 Wristwatches 2 Passenger vehicle 1
2011	¥11,678,611	Foreign currency US$5,000 Passenger vehicles 3 Key 1
2012	¥30,026,428
## 【Case 17】Temporary restraining order against drug offence criminal proceeds obtained in the trafficking of stimulants by a senior Boryokudan member affiliated with the Inagawakai and others

An end abuser provided information on trade of stimulants involving the use of delivery services. This information led to search a drug warehouse, where large amounts of stimulants were found and confiscated. The offenders were arrested on violations of the Stimulants Control Act (possession for profit, etc.). A temporary restraining order was issued against the offenders on drug criminal proceeds in the amount of approximately ¥2.5 million attained in the trafficking of stimulants and approximately ¥580,000 in deposit claims. (Chiba and Ehime, in February)

## Section 4 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value in 2012

## Paragraph 1 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

The details of application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in general court procedures (first trials) are shown in the following Table 5-6.

Table5-6 Statistics of the application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in general first trials

Year	Confiscation	Collection	Total
Persons	Amount	Persons	Amount	Persons	Amount
2007	29	104,020	67	603,680	96	707,700
2008	40	335,721	79	560,791	119	896,512
2009	98	105,774	129	3,414,672	227	3,520,446
2010	54	81,136	101	1,445,143	155	1,526,280
2011	93	60,899	93	819,683	186	880,582

Note 1: Data is based on the White Paper on Crime.

Note 2: Units are yen in thousands (amounts less than one thousand yen are rounded down).

Note 3: When Confiscations and Collections of Equivalent Value were ordered in duplicate for accomplices, the amount was calculated excluding the duplicate amount.

Note 4: Foreign currencies were exchanged into Japanese yen at the exchange rate of the date of the ruling.

## Paragraph 2 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

The details of application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in general court procedures (first trials) are