## 英文概要

There were the cases with fire incidents of mixed metal scrap and other environmental pollution at municipal and/or industrial waste management facilities, when some hazardous and dangerous end-of-life products or parts/materials were inappropriately handled. The objectives of this research are to find hazardous and dangerous end-of-life products or parts/materials discharged by household, offices and industries, to understand current material flow, waste management process and the causes of fire incidents related waste management, and to explore appropriate collection and recycling process from the perspectives of safety, hazardous substances control and material cycles.

First, we collected information on the cases with fire incidents of mixed metal scrap and other environmental pollution at municipal and/or industrial waste management facilities. Then we found the cases with fires of lead acid batteries and lithium ion batteries, and explosion of toner powder dust. Regarding the fires of mixed metal scrap, we found many incidents in 2012, but we could not find exact causes in most cases. Many home appliances as well as industrial and demolition scrap were found in some burnt scrap. From the fire incidents and experiments related batteries, layer-built cells, lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries should be focused from the viewpoint of safety (fire prevention).

The intensity in thermal decomposition of Li ion battery and Li battery was investigated with pressure vessel test and differential adiabatic calorimeter. Dust explosion of the toner was studied with relationship between concentration of toner powder and discharge energy of ignition at various oxygen concentration. The auto-ignition hazard in heat accumulation of disaster waste and RPF (refuse paper and plastic fuel) involving organic compounds were discussed on the basis of data obtained by various calorimeters and gas analysis. The prevention measures against fire caused by battery, toner and disaster waste were proposed on the basis of the measurement results.

From the results of investigation of collection rules of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in all the municipalities in Japan, we estimated that annually 2kg per capita of WEEE was discharged and that approximately 40% of them were treated in municipal waste management processes, while other 60% were flown to other routes including mixed metal scrap. After the collection of WEEE in municipalities, approximately 80% was treated in crashing process.

In order to understand the detailed situation on all the collection routes for every type of batteries, we deeply investigated information and actually collected batteries and related WEEE. In Tokyo Metropolitan Government, normal manganese and alkaline manganese batteries are collected by special wards, while clear collection routes were not shown for coin type lithium batteries and other rechargeable batteries for power assisted bicycles. From the collected batteries, we found that approximately 6 to 10% of manganese batteries may still contain mercury, and that insulation ratio for fire prevention was very low (2%) for normal dry cells. Clear collection routes for every type of batteries and announcement for fire prevention should be promoted.

In the waste treatment process in one municipality, we analyzed the material composition and estimated that approximately 1% each for printed circuit board and batteries were contained in actual incombustible and bulky waste. Batteries were recommended to be removed prior to crashing process. However, due to the difficulty of such pre-removal, most of discharged batteries were considered to be landfilled after the crashing process.

We reviewed the WEEE and waste batteries recycling system in EU, Taiwan and Korea. In those countries, broader types of batteries were recycled by economic support from manufacturers in contrast to Japan. In Japan, Small WEEE Recycling Act came into force in April 2013. Those small home appliances often contain primary or rechargeable batteries, and we indicated that safety countermeasures should be taken for those collection and recycling process.

Finally, we proposed short term and mid/long term tasks for batteries collection and recycling system. For the short term, announcement of hazardous and dangerous materials, insulation promotion and fire prevention at pre-treatment and crashing processes should be proposed. For the mid/long term, clear collection system and appropriate role sharing should be promoted.