Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
指針への適合確認を行う等、引き続き適切な制度の運用を行います。

## 第4節 国際的取組に係る施策

## 1 地球環境保全等に関する国際協力等の推進

## （1） 地球環境保全等に関する国際的な連携の確保

## ア 多国間の枠組みによる連携

## （ア）国連を通じた取組

## a 2015年9月の国連サミット等の成果を踏まえた取組

2015年9月の国連サミットにおいて、持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）を中核とする「持続可能な開発のための2030アジェンダ」が採択されました。SDGsの17の目標には、エネルギー、持続可能な消費と生産、気候変動、生物多様性等、多くの環境関連の目標が含まれました。我が国として、目標達成に向けて、国内の環境政策を推進することはもちろん、G7各国等と緊密に連携し、世界全体でのSDGsの実施に貢献していきます。環境省では、特にSDGsの環境的側面の実施を促進するため、企業等の先行事例を認め合い、更なる取組に弾みをつける「ステークホルダーズ・ミーティング」を開催していきます。また、国連持続可能な開発会議（以下「リオ+20」という。）で合意された「持続可能な消費と生産に関する10年計画枠組み」の6つのプログラムのうち、環境省は「持続可能なライフスタイルと教育」プログラムの共同リード国として、アジアを始めとする新興国・途上国における低炭素・持続可能な消費行動・ライフスタイルへの移行に向けた取組に貢献します。

## b 国連環境計画（UNEP）における活動

UNEPの環境基金への財政的な支援を引き続き行うとともに、リオ+20での合意に基づくUNEPの強化策の実施、2016年5月の第2回国連環境総会（UNEA）で採択された決議の推進のため、我が国の環境分野での多くの経験と豊富な知見をいかし、今後とも積極的に貢献します。

UNEP国際環境技術センター（UNEP/IETC）への財政的な支援を引き続き行うとともに、UNEP/IETC及びコラボレーショングセンターが実施する開発途上国等への環境上適正な技術（EST）の移転に関する支援、環境保全技術に関する情報の収集・整備・発信、廃棄物管理に関するグローバル・パートナーシップ等への協力を継続します。

世界適応ネットワーク（GAN）の活動及びアジア太平洋適応ネットワーク（APAN）を通じて地域及び世界の適応能力の強化に貢献します。

## c 国連教育科学文化機関（UNESCO）における取組

国連教育科学文化機関（UNESCO）やアジア河川流域ネットワーク（NARBO）と連携して、河川流域における統合水資源管理（IWRM）に係るガイドラインの作成及び研修等を通じて、IWRMの普及・促進に貢献します。

## （イ）経済協力開発機構（OECD）における取組

環境政策委員会及び気候変動、化学品、環境保全成果評価等に関する各作業部会への参加を通じ、今後とも経済協力開発機構（OECD）の環境分野における活動に積極的に参画・貢献します。

## （ウ）主要国首脳会議（G7サミット）における取組
## Japan Financial Intelligence Center (JAFIC) Annual Report

2015
## I ntroduction

The Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, which was adopted in 2007, has encouraged specified business operators prescribed by the same act to make efforts to fight against anti-social forces and implemented stringent monitoring of their financial and other economic activities. As a result, the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) filed by specified business operators with the competent administrative authority in 2015 exceeded 390,000. It was the largest ever. The National Public Safety Commission and the National Police Agency collect, arrange and analyze STRs filed by specified business operators and disseminate them to interested investigative authorities as necessary. The number of cases in which STRs led the Prefectural Police to arrests was a record high. STRs are still a valuable source of information used by investigative authorities in countering organized crime including money laundering and other crimes.

As globalization of the economy and financial services is spreading remarkably today, international cooperation is essential for the fight against global-scale money laundering. Under the recommendations devised by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF, an intergovernmental body concerning Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) measures) as international standards, competent government authorities take effective measures against money laundering in unison. Japan also has been carrying out necessary legislative work. As a result, relevant amended orders and ordinances associated with the enforcement of the Act to partially amend the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, which was promulgated in November 2014, were promulgated in September 2015 and are scheduled to be put into force in October 2016 together with the amended act.

What is imperative for overcoming the challenges is that law enforcement agencies strategically take various measures in cooperation with the private sector from the viewpoint of global cooperation and coordination. This will never be possible unless we gain broad public support and understanding.

The status of AML/CFT measures has been published in this report each year, and the publication of the national risk assessment report, which describes the risk level of each type of transaction conducted by specified business operators, started last year. The aim of this annual report is to make individual citizens as well as those who are directly affected by the regime aware of the situation and thereby gather much more support for our efforts. Our ultimate goal is to contribute to the safety and peace of national life and to the integrity and development of the international financial system, which is the very objective of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds.
## Legend

## 1 Abbreviations for laws

Abbreviations for laws are as follows.

[Abbreviation] [Law]

Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law……Law concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation (Act No. 94 of 1991)

Act on Punishment of Organized……Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes and Control of Crime Proceeds (Act No. 136 of 1999)

Act on Punishment of Financing……Act on Punishment of the Financing of Criminal Activities for the Purpose of Intimidation of the General Public and of Governments (Act No. 67 of 2002)

Customer Identification Act……Act on Customer Identification by Financial Institutions, etc. (Act No. 32 of 2002)

Amended Customer……Act on Confirmation of Customers Identification by Identification Act Financial Institution, etc. and Prevention of Unauthorized Use of Deposit Account, etc. (Act No. 32 of 2002)

Immigration Control Act……Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (Cabinet Order No. 319, 1951)

Violation of the Investment……Act Regulating the Receipt of Contributions, the Deposit and Interest Rate Act Receipt of Deposits, and Interest Rates (Act No. 195 of June 23, 1954)

Act on Recycling, etc.……Act on Recycling, etc. of End-of-Life Vehicles (Act of End-of-Life Vehicles No. 87 of 2002)

Worker Dispatching Act……Act for Securing the Proper Operation of Worker Dispatching Undertakings and Protecting Dispatched Workers (Act No. 88 of 1985)

Amusement Business Act……Act on Control and Improvement of Amusement Business, etc. (Act No. 122 of 1948)

## 2 Abbreviations for conventions, etc

Abbreviations for conventions, etc. are as follows.

[Abbreviation] [Conventions, etc.]

UN New Narcotics Convention……United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Con-
vention No. 6 of 1992)

G8 Action Plan Principles.....G8 Action Plan Principles to prevent the misuse of companies and legal arrangements (Agreed at G8 Summit in Lough Erne in June 2013)

Japan Action Plan……Japan Action Plan to prevent the misuse of companies and legal arrangements (Announced in June 2013)

## 3 Others

In this Annual Report, the following terms include corporations, etc. as follows.

## [Terms]

Lawyer: Registered foreign lawyers and legal professional corporations are included.

Judicial scrivener: Judicial scrivener corporations are included.

Certified administrative procedures legal specialist: Certified administrative procedures legal specialist corporations are included

Certified public accountant: Foreign certified public accountants and audit corporations are included.

Certified public tax accountant: Certified public tax accountant corporations are included.
Chapter 4 Reports of Suspicious Transactions 46

Section 1 System Outline 46
1 Purpose 46
2 Flow of Suspicious Transaction Reporting 46
3 When STRs are Required 47
4 Identification of Suspicious Transactions 48
5 Information Security 48

Section 2 Situation of STR filings in 2015 49
1 Transition of the Number of STR filings 49
2 Number of Received Reports by Business Types 51
3 Number of Received Reports Classified by Methods 51

Section 3 Dissemination and Use of STRs in 2015 52
Paragraph 1 Dissemination 52
Paragraph 2 Use of STRs in the Prefectural Police 52
Paragraph 3 Utilization of Reports by National Investigative Authorities 56

## Chapter 5 Crackdown on Money Laundering

Section 1 Arrests made for the violation of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds in 2015 58
Section 2 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering in 2015 59
Paragraph 1 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes 59
1 Number of Cleared Cases 59
2 Modus Operandi of Money Laundering observed in Cleared Cases 60
3 Money Laundering Cases related to Boryokudan (General name for Japanese gangster organizations) 62
4 Money Laundering conducted by Foreign Visitors to Japan 63
Paragraph 2 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law 64
Section 3 Temporary Restraining Order for Confiscation of Criminal Proceeds before Institution of Prosecution in 2015 65
Paragraph 1 Temporary Restraining Order under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes 65
Paragraph 2 Temporary Restraining Order under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law 67
Section 4 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value in 2012 69
Paragraph 1 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes 69
Paragraph 2 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law 69
Section 5 Cases of Cross-Border Money Laundering 70

## Chapter 6 Promotion of International Cooperation

Section 1 Activities of International Institutions 71
Paragraph 1 FATF 71
1 FATF 71
2 Activities 71
(1) Main Activities 71
(2) FATF Recommendations 72
(3) Mutual Evaluation 72
3 Mutual Evaluation 74
4 JAFIC's Participation 74
Paragraph 2 APG 77
1 APG 77
2 Activities 77
3 JAFIC's participation 77
Paragraph 3 Egmont Group 77
1 Egmont Group 77
2 Activities of the Egmont Group 78
3 JAFIC's Participation 78
Section 2 Progress of the International Cooperation in 2015 79
Paragraph 1 Participation in the Activities of International Organizations 79
Paragraph 2 Information Exchange with Foreign FlUs 79
1 Establishment of the Framework for Exchange of Information 79
2 Situation of Information Exchange 81
3 Discussions 81

Note: Unless otherwise noted, statistics and other numbers shown, including in charts and figures, are taken from National Police Agency surveys.
Overview of History of Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Measures

Money laundering refers to attempts to evade the discovery of money obtained through illicit means, especially criminal proceeds, and arrests by investigative authorities by concealing the sources or beneficial owners of the money. If effective measures are not taken against money laundering, criminal proceeds continue to be utilized for further crimes or to become rife with organized crimes or terrorism. Money laundering also could pose serious threats to sound economic activities. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety and peace of national life and the sound development of economic activities, it is critical to take positive steps for AML/CFT.

The international community has continued to develop AML/CFT regimes in an effort to prevent and eradicate money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF), according to which Japan has also been working on it in cooperation with the international community.

The various AML/CFT regimes put in place and the follow-up activities we have made for their effective implementation as described in this report could, therefore, illustrate our dedication to the global challenge in fighting against ML/TF and robust domestic efforts.

## Section 1 AML/CFT Efforts in the International Community

## 1 Anti-Money Laundering as a Countermeasure against Narcotic Drugs

Through the 1980s, the global spread of narcotics abuse was taken as a crisis in the international community, prompting a variety of initiatives from different angles to address the issue. One of the main causes was the existence of illegal transactions by transnational drug-trafficking organizations linking production of narcotics to the consumption of them. It was recognized as important to inflict damage on the source of their funds, by all measures, such as confiscating illegal proceeds from drug manufacturing and trafficking and effectively preventing their money laundering activities. In this context, the UN New Narcotics Convention was adopted in December 1988 and required each state to criminalize activities such as hiding drug crime proceeds and to establish relevant regulations to confiscate such proceeds, which made clear an internationally consistent effort.

In addition, at the Arch Summit in July 1989, in order to deepen international cooperation on money laundering initiatives related to drug crimes, the major developed countries decided to establish the FATF. In April 1990, urged by the need for standardizing measures in different countries, the FATF devised “The 40 Recommendations”, as standards for anti-money
gence, a bill for partial amendment of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds was enacted. The amended bill included provisions for clarification of the judgment method of suspicious transactions, strict verification at the time of the conclusion of correspondence contracts and expansion of the obligation for business operators to make efforts to develop necessary systems.

The National Police Agency, together with other relevant government ministries and agencies, has as appropriate amended AML/CFT-related legislation including the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds and its subordinate decrees as well as various other ordinances, thereby appropriately responding to changes in social conditions and addressing the deficiencies identified in the FATF Mutual Evaluation Report (MER) of Japan.
# Section 3 Establishment of the Japan Financial Intelligence Center (JAFIC)

## 1 History of Flu in Japan

In other countries as well, there are organizations equivalent to the Japan Financial Intelligence Center, which are usually called FIUs. Egmont Group, established in 1995 as a forum for exchanging information between FIUs, defines an FIU as a "central, national agency responsible for receiving and analyzing information reported by financial institutions and providing such information to the competent authorities to support the government's anti-money laundering measures; it shows a way for exchanging information that is important for law enforcement agencies."

In Japan, although suspicious transaction reporting became obligatory due to the enforcement of the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in 1992, a mechanism for centralized management and provision of information to investigative authorities was not created. However, following the enforcement of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2000, the first FIU in Japan was established under the Financial Supervisory Agency (later reorganized as the Financial Services Agency) in order to process information related to suspicious transactions and exchange information with foreign countries in accordance with the provisions of the same law.

In 2003, the FATF revised the 40 Recommendations again, expanding the scope of businesses subject to the obligation for implementing such measures as verification of customers' identity beyond financial institutions, and in light of this, Japan also decided to expand the scope of businesses subject to the obligation for implementing measures to prevent money laundering beyond financial institutions to real estate agents, dealers in precious metals and stones and other business operators. As the scope of information related to suspicious transactions was expanded accordingly, it was determined that it was appropriate to shift the authority over the FlU functions, most of which concern analysis, from the Financial Services Agency, which supervises financial institutions, to the police, which use reported information in general for investigation and countermeasures against organized crimes and terrorism. This thinking was revealed by the decision made in November 2005 by the government's Headquarters for the Promotion of Measures against Transnational Organized Crime and International Terrorism to have the National Police Agency write a bill for the implementation of the FATF recommendations.

The Act on the Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, which was partially put into force in April 2007, made it clear that the National Public Safety Commission (NPSC), which exercises administrative supervision over the National Police Agency and is aided by it, is responsible for prompt and appropriate collection, arrangement and analysis of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) filed by specified business operators. The Act also granted the NPSC a function related to the handling of STRs including its dissemination to foreign FIUs as well as a function to complement supervisory measures against specified business oper-
ators. The Japan Financial Intelligence Center (JAFIC) was established within the Organized Crime Department, the Criminal Affairs Bureau of the National Police Agency, as an organization responsible for processing administrative work related to the enforcement of the same law.

In April 2014, the Strategy-Planning and Analysis Division and JAFIC, which were until then under the Organized Crime Department, were integrated, and the Organized Crime Policy Planning Division was established under the department. The Japan Financial Intelligence Center which includes the positions of the Director for Analysis of Financial Intelligence (abolished on April 1, 2015) and the Director for International Cooperation was established under the division. The abbreviation of the Japan Financial Intelligence Center is JAFIC.

## 2 Mission and Structure

JAFIC is tasked with the following works in accordance with the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds.

· Investigation and analysis of the status of transfer of criminal proceeds and formulation of the national risk assessment report

· Collection, arrangement, analysis and dissemination of information on suspicious transactions to investigative authorities etc.

· Dissemination of information to foreign FlUs;

· Provision of information and complement of supervisory measures by administrative authorities to ensure that specified business operators take required measures;

JAFIC also plans and examines the legal system related to AML/CFT and various measures such as “the Guideline for Promotion of the Criminal Proceeds Control”. It also participates in various international AML/CFT standard setting activities.

The structure of JAFIC is illustrated in Fig. 1-2. It is currently composed of about 100 employees under the Director for Prevention of Money Laundering.

On the other hand, the “Task Force for fact-finding concerning criminal proceeds” is established in each Prefectural Police in charge of tracing criminal proceeds and investigating money laundering and other crimes.
Figure 1-2 Structure of JAFIC

## 3 Partners

Specified business operators should take initial measures against ML/TF according to the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds. In addition to the analysis of financial information, JAFIC endeavors to get across knowledge or ideas it has accumulated with regard to the actual conditions of ML/TF or legal systems and relevant countermeasures so that specified business operators can perform CDD in better harmony with the general public. Relevant ministries and agencies in charge of supervising business operators not only exercise the supervisory function to secure the fulfillment of obligations, but also provide support by issuing Lists of Reference Cases of Suspicious Transactions and holding seminars together with industry organizations. On the other hand, investigative authorities such as police, make contributions in the area of punishment of money laundering or predicate offences or confiscation of their proceeds.

These ministries and agencies carry out their duties in each position in cooperation with each other by sharing useful information, discussing issues in preventing money laundering and other ways.

For the purpose of promoting effective and appropriate measures against transnational orga-
information exchange, compliance with the FATF Recommendations, and support the global compliance in an effort to enhance international cooperation on AML/CFT.

## 3 Confidentiality

Necessary and appropriate measures have to be taken to ensure confidentiality and prevent any leakage with regard to any use of STR information in any phase of their duties.

Figure 1-4 Overview of the Guideline for Promotion of the Criminal Proceeds Control

Guideline for Promotion of the Criminal Proceeds Control

National Police Agency

Support for and PR/enlightenment

of voluntary efforts of specified business operators

Collection, arrangement and analysis of information

on criminal proceeds

Examination of the actual situation of criminal organizations

Promotion of International coordination and cooperation

Ensuring confidentiality and information security

Dissemination of information and investigative instruction/coordination

Report of information necessary for promoting countermeasures against criminal proceeds

## Prefectural Police

Establishment of Task Force for fact-finding concerning criminal proceeds

Development of investigative structure for crimes related to criminal proceeds

Promotion of investigation utilizing STRs

PR and enlightenment activities

Collection of information for promoting countermeasures against criminal proceeds

Appropriate implementation of measures to confiscate criminal proceeds

Ensuring confidentiality and information security
# Legislative Regime on AML/CFT

Figure 2-1 Relationships of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes, and the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law