## 2 Current Status of Infrastructure Development and Aging

## (Comparison of infrastructure development of major countries)

Although harsh natural and land conditions of Japan compared to other nations make it difficult to make appropriate comparisons, in the area of flood control, levee control coverage is low compared to the levels of other nations at about 69% (Figure 1-2-44). Since heavy rains have caused flood damage in recent years, infrastructure development, including robust infrastructures, is considered necessary going forward.

Figure 1-2-44 Infrastructure Development Status of Major Countries

Area	Japan	Status of Other Nations
Indicators	Current level	Target in early 21st century	U.K.	Germany	France	U.S.
Sewerage	Sewage treatment population dissemination rate Note 1	77.6% Note 2 (End of FY 2014)	—	97% (‘10)	96% (‘07)	82% (‘04)	74% (‘07)
Cities with population of 1 million or more	99.1% Note 2
Cities with population of less than 50,000	49.6% Note 2
City parks	Per capita area covered by urban plans	Japan 10.2 m² Tokyo 4.4 m² (End of FY 2014)	About 20 m²	26.9m² London (‘97)	27.9m² Berlin (‘07)	11.6m² Paris (‘09)	52.3m² Washington D.C. (‘07)
Home	Per capita floor area Note 3	39m² (‘13)	—	46m² (‘13)	46m² (‘10)	44m² (‘06)	61 m² Note 4 (‘13)
Floor area per home Note 3	94m² (‘13)	—	96m² (‘13)	101m² (‘11)	100m² (‘06)	131m² (‘13)
Owner-Occu-pied houses	122m²	—	103m²	130m²	120m²	157m²
Rental Housing	46m²	—	68m²	78m²	74m²	114m²
Roads	Arterial High-Standard High-ways Extension Note 5	11,050 km (End of FY 2014)	Almost completed 14,000 km network	3,641km (‘13)	12,917km (‘13)	11,552km (‘13)	103,029km (‘13)
National High-Grade Trunk High-ways extension per 10,000 units	1.40 km (End of FY 2013)	—	1.08km (‘12)	2.69km (‘12)	3.01km (‘12)	4.15km (‘12)
Total road length (width: 5.5 m or above) Note 6	341,509 km (End of FY 2012)	—	420,346km (‘12)	643,517km (‘12)	1,062,683km (‘12)	6,539,718km (‘12)
Road density Note 6	0.90 km/km² (End of FY 2012)	—	1.73km/km² (‘12)	1.80km/km² (‘12)	1.94km/km² (‘12)	0.67km/km² (‘12)
Flood control	Flood Control Safety Goals Note 7	1/200	—	1/1,000	—	1/100	About 1/500
Levee development cover-age Note 8	Arakawa River About 69% (As of March-end 2016)	—	River Thames (Storm surge) Complete (‘83)	—	Seine Complete (‘88)	Mississippi River Downstream levee Development coverage About 93% (‘11)
Railway	Rate of Congestion	165% Tokyo Area (FY 2014)	By 2020 150%	149% London (‘91)	—	152% Paris (‘91)	71% New York (‘91)
Aviation	Airport development status (number of runways) in world's major metropolitan areas Note 9	Tokyo Narita 2 Haneda 4 Total 6	Tokyo Narita 3 Note10 Haneda 4 Total 7	London Heathrow 2 Gatwick 2 Stansted 1 Luton 1 City 1 Total 7 (‘13)	Berlin Tegel 2 Schönefeld 1 Total 3	Paris Charles de Gaulle 4 Orly 3 Total 7	New York JFK 4 Newark 3 LaGuardia 2 Total 9 (‘13)
Osaka Kansai 2 Itami 2 Kobe 1 Total 5	Osaka Kansai 2 Itami 2 Kobe 1 Total 5
Ports and harbors	Quay of 16 m water depth level in service (number of berths) Note 11	12 Note 12 (‘15)	—	3 (‘15)	23 Note 13 (‘15)	6 Note 12 (‘15)	20 Note 13 (‘15)

(Notes) 1 Status of foreign countries are quoted from OECD ENVIRONMENTAL DATA COMPENDIUM

2 FY 2012-end is excluded because there were municipalities that could not be surveyed in Fukushima due to the effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake.

The end of FY 2012 sewage treatment population dissemination rate for Japan is the figure of 46 prefectures after excluding Fukushima.

3 The floor area is adjusted to a calculation from the center of walls where such adjustment is possible (Germany and France × 1.10, U.S. × 0.94).

4 The floor space of the U.S. is median value and detached houses and mobile homes are in the scope.

5 Japan: national high-grade trunk highways, U.K.: motorways, Germany: autobahn, France: auto routes, U.S.: interstate highways, other freeways and expressways.

6 Total road length (width: 5.5 m or more) and road density data are quoted from WORLD ROAD STATISTICS 2012 (IRF).

7 The annual probability of flood overrun targeted for water control facilities. However, the data is the annual probability of tidal wave overrun for the River Thames.

8 The ratio of levees constructed to those required under river improvement plans.

9 According to the latest AIP Aeronautical Information Publication.

10 With respect to crosswind runways, based on the conclusion of a round-table discussion, it will be proposed to regions after investigating environmental impacts and the like upon completion of parallel runways. Until then, it will be developed as surface roads.

11 Values organized by the MLIT from websites of ports, Containerization International Yearbook, and other materials.

12 Some data include the number of berths whose water depth is less than 16 m and provisionally in service.

13 Because of data restrictions, some data include the number of berths whose water depth is less than 16 m.

Source) MLIT

## (Aging social infrastructures)

In Japan, those infrastructures that have been built after the period of rapid economic growth, including Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway Route 1 which was laid after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, are forecast to get need replacement simultaneously in the future, with the proportion of facilities that will reach 50 years of age or older in 20