Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
図表Ⅱ-29 日光の観光客数推移 68
図表Ⅱ-30 日光における学生団体の宿泊者数推移 68
図表Ⅱ-31 2003年(平成15年)以降の日光の宿泊者数推移 69
図表Ⅱ-32 日光でとられた具体的施策・取組 71
図表Ⅱ-33 日光市が企画したターゲット限定型旅行プランパンフレット 71
図表Ⅱ-34 過去(20～25年前)と現在(直近5年間)の来訪者による来訪時のイメージ 73
図表Ⅱ-35 性別・年齢別による訪問意向率(高野山との比較) 73
図表Ⅱ-36 外国人が日光訪問の決め手となったポイント 74
図表Ⅱ-37 日光市の地方税収及びGDPの推移 74
図表Ⅱ-38 伊勢市の宿泊者数の推移 75
図表Ⅱ-39 伊勢市の観光客数・宿泊者数の推移 75
図表Ⅱ-40 1993年・2013年の式年遷宮前後の官民の取組 76
図表Ⅱ-41 過去(20～25年前)と現在(直近5年間)の来訪者による来訪時の伊勢のイメージ 77
図表Ⅱ-42 伊勢市の地方税収及びGDPの推移 77
図表Ⅱ-43 出雲の観光客数・宿泊者数の推移 78
図表Ⅱ-44 過去(20～25年前)と現在(直近5年間)の来訪者による来訪時のイメージ 79
図表Ⅱ-45 高野山ホームページ(フランス語版) 80
図表Ⅱ-46 高野山の訪日外国人宿泊者数推移 80
図表Ⅱ-47 宿泊外国人の地域別構成比(全国と高野山の比較) 81
図表Ⅱ-48 観光地Bの観光入込客数推移(基準年=1) 81
図表Ⅱ-49 富良野市観光入込数・宿泊延数 84
図表Ⅱ-50 富良野市の訪日外国人宿泊者数の推移(実数及び宿泊者数全体に対する割合) 85
図表Ⅱ-51 新千歳空港国際線乗降客数と富良野市の訪日外国人宿泊者数の推移 85
図表Ⅱ-52 富良野市及び立山・黒部の訪日外国人比率 87
図表Ⅱ-53 富良野市の地方税収の推移 87
図表Ⅱ-54 立山・黒部観光入込客数・訪日外国人旅行者数の推移 88
図表Ⅱ-55 二七コ季節別の観光入込客数の推移 89
図表Ⅱ-56 二七コ町訪日外国人延べ宿泊者数の推移 89
図表Ⅱ-57 二七コ町国・地域別訪日外国人延べ宿泊者数の推移 90
図表Ⅱ-58 観光地Cの観光入込客数の推移(基準年=1) 90
図表Ⅱ-59 観光地Cの月別観光入込客数の推移(基準年=1) 91
【2-1303】将来の温暖化条件下でのフロン対策強化によるオゾン層の脆弱性回避に関する研究（H25～H27；累計予算額 78,656 千円）

$$ 秋吉 \quad 英治 ( 国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所 ) $$

### 1. 研究实施体制

（１）将来の温暖化条件下でのフロン対策強化によるオゾン層の脆弱性回避に関する研究（国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所）

## 2 ．研究開発目的

本研究では IPCC の気候変化予測に用いた数値モデルをベースに、物理・化学プロセスを精緻化した化学気候モデルを複数開発し、今後予想されるオゾン層破壊物質および温室効果ガス濃度の組み合わせを複数組想定して温暖化が進行する中でのオゾン層の変動予測計算を行い、今後 10～30 年程度の期間におけるオゾン層脆弱期の北極域の大気変動とそれに伴うオゾン層破壊の変動幅について解析を行う。そして、CDS, GHG 放出削減とオゾン層の回復・安定化を着実に進めるための対策立案にとって必要な科学的知見を提供することを目的とする。具体的には、今後 20～30 年間の北半球中高緯度での大規模オゾン破壊リスクを回避するため、オゾン量の監視、フロン・ハロン濃度の監視、ハロンバンク対策、温室効果ガス濃度の監視、HCFC や HFC 等に関連した温暖化対策との連携、等に関係した対策立案に必要な科学的知見を提供することを目的とする。

### 3. 本研究により得られた主な成果

## (1) 科学的意義

北極域・北半球中緯度域のオゾン量は、大気自身の内部変動によってその年々変動が激しく、オゾン層破壊に対するCDS濃度依存性およびGHG濃度依存性の解析が困難であった。このことに関して、モデルの開発・改良および実験方法の改善により、影響の抽出を可能とする道筋をつけた。また、異なる気候特性をもつ3つのモデルの結果を比較することによって、共通の依存性を見いだすことにより、より一般性のある結論を得ることができた。具体的には、3つのモデルそれぞれについて100アンサンプル実験を行うことによって、北半球中高緯度域のオゾン変化の確率分布を考え、アンサンプル平均的なオゾン濃度と確率分布の端に位置する極端なオゾン破壊とに分けて依存性を解析した。その結果、CDS濃度の増加によって、北半球中高緯度域春季のオゾン全量のアンサンプルメンバー間のばらつきが増加し、また、高いCDS濃度下でのGHG濃度の増加によって、アンサンプル平均的にはオゾン量は増加するが極端なオゾン破壊を起こすアンサンプルメンバーはなくならない、あるいは若干増加することがわかった。これらの結果は、CDS濃度の増加に伴って1990年代以降の北半球中高緯度域のオゾン全量の年々変動が増したという観測事実、および2011年のような他大気中のCDS濃度がピーク時の2000年レベルより少し下がったにもかかわらず大規模な春季の北極オゾン破壊が起きた事実を説明する。また、北極域・北半球中緯度域へのオゾン輸送の効果の小さいモデルほどCDS増加によってアンサンプル間のばらつきが大きくなる傾向がはっきりと見え、極端なオゾン破壊が起こるアンサンプルメンバーが現れやすい傾向にあることもわかった。これは、例えば、エルニーニョやラニーニャ等、熱帯海域での海水面温度変化によって大気循環が変化し、北極域へのオゾン輸送が増加／減少した場合のオゾン量変動についての示唆を与える。

## (2) 環境政策への貢献

＜行政が既に活用した成果＞

特に記載すべき事項はない。
## ＜行政が活用することが見込まれる成果＞

本研究課題で行った実験結果より、発展途上国をも含めたフロン対策の国際協力によって大気中のCDS濃度レベルが今後徐々に下がっていけば、年々変動の幅は小さくなり、北極域・北半球中緯度域で極端なオゾン破壊がある年に突然起こるというような危険性が少なくなっていくと考えられる。化学気候モデルを使ったアンサンプル数値実験結果によると、今後大気中のGHG濃度がさらに増加する中で、CDS濃度を1985年レベル（Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine, EESC～3.6ppbv）まで下げると極端なオゾン破壊が起こらないことがわかった。最新のVWDのCDSシナリオで地表付近のCDS濃度が1985年レベルまで下がるのは2030年頃になる。成層圈ではさらに数年遅れる。この結果は、国際的にモントリオール議定書に沿ったCDS削減を行ったとしても、2030年頃までは極端なオゾン層破壊が北極域・北半球中緯度域で起こり得ることを意味する。そのような好ましくない減少が起る確率をできるだけ低くするためには、最低限、モントリオール議定書に沿ったCDS削減が求められる。できればそれ以上の削減が望ましい。また、日本国内ではフロン・ハロンの生産がすでに中止されているので、国内的にはハロンバンク対策を確実に進め、これまでに生産された、または現在使用中のハロゲン類が大気中に漏れないように回収・破壊を徹底することが必要である。

## 4 ．委員の指摘及び提言概要

化学気候モデルを用いた実験結果から大規模オゾン破壊に対するODSとGHGの濃度依存性を明らかにした科学的に興味深い成果であり高く評価できる。成果は環境政策にすぐに活用できるものではないが、極端なオゾン破壊を避けるための具体的な成層圏塩素濃度の推定などは、今後のオゾン層保護・回復に関する議論において役立つことが期待され、地球環境行政の推進に関して、有効な知見を提供している。

### 5. 評点

総合評点：A
## Japan Financial Intelligence Center (JAFIC) Annual Report 2009
Chapter4 Reports of Suspicious Transactions 25

Section1 Outline of the Suspicious Transaction Report System 25
1 Purpose 25
2 Cases in which Reporting is Required 25
3 Announcement of List of Reference Cases of Suspicious Transactions (Guideline) 25
4 Analysis of Bank Account used for Crime 25
5 Flow of Suspicious Transactions Reporting 26
6 Information Security Measures 26

Section2 Situation of Suspicious Transaction Reports 27
1 The change in the number of reported cases 27
2 Number of Reports by Business Types 29
3 Number of notification cases classified by notification methods 29

Section3 Use of Suspicious Transaction Reports 30
Paragraph1 Dissemination to Investigative Authorities 30
Paragraph2 Outlook of How STRs are Used 30

Chapter5 Promotion of International Cooperation 33

Section1 Need for International Cooperation on AML/CFT Measures 33
Section2 Activities of International Institutions and Japan's Participation 33
Paragraph1 FATF 33
1 FATF 33
2 Activities of FATF 34
3 Participation of JAFIC in FATF 35
Paragraph2 APG 35
1 APG 35
2 Activities of APG 35
3 Participation of JAFIC in APG 35
Paragraph3 Egmont Group 36
1 Egmont Group 36
2 The Main Plenary Meeting of the Egmont Group 36
3 Participation of JAFIC in the Egmont Group 36

Section3 Information Exchange with Foreign FIUs 37
Paragraph1 Establishment of the Framework for Exchange of Information 37
Paragraph2 Status of Information Exchange with Foreign FIUs 37
Section4 FATF Mutual Evaluation of Japan 39
Paragraph1 Implementation of the Third FATF Mutual Evaluation of Japan 39
Paragraph2 Outline of the Results 39
Paragraph3 Plans for the Future Schedule 40
1 Future Procedures 40
2 Establishment of the Expert Forum 40

Chapter6 Money Laundering Trends 42

Section1 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering 42
Paragraph1 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Act on the Punishment of Organized Crime 42
1 The number of Cleared Cases 42
2 Modus Operandi of Money Laundering observed in Cleared Cases 43
3 Money Laundering related to Members of the Boryokudan, etc. 45
4 Money Laundering conducted by Foreign Visitors to Japan 47
Paragraph2 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law 48
Section2 Deprivation of Criminal Proceeds 49
Paragraph1 Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on the Punishment of Organized Crime 49
1 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value 49
2 Securance Order for Confiscation of Criminal Proceeds, etc. before Prosecution 50
Paragraph2 Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law 52
1 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value 52
2 Securance Order for Confiscation of Drug-related Criminal Proceeds, etc. before Prosecution 53
History of Anti-Money Laundering Measures
Figure 2-1 Relationships of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, Act on the Punishment of Organized Crime, and the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law
## (6) Measures by lawyers (Article 8)

It is established by special provision, that lawyers shall conduct measures relevant to those described in (1) through (3) above based on Rule of the Japan Federation of Bar Association pursuant to the examples of judicial scrivener, etc.

These measures are classified by the types of business operators in Table 2-1. Also, "Specified Business Affairs" subject to obligations and "Specified Transaction" subject to customer identification obligation are listed in Table 2-2.

Customer identification, preparation and preservation of customer identification records and transaction records described in (1) through (3) above are expected to work as warnings against persons who attempt to transfer criminal proceeds and to enable tracing proceeds afterwards.

Suspicious transaction reports described in (4) will be used for investigations into money laundering crimes and predicate offences and will prevent criminals from abusing economic and financial systems, and assure its soundness.

The purpose of notification pertaining to foreign exchange transactions described in (5) is to enable tracing funds internationally and also respond to the FATF Special Recommendations regarding terrorist financing.

Table 2-1 Measures of Specified Business Operators Obliged by the Act

Specified Business Operators (Paragraph 2 of Article 2)	Customer identification (Article 4)	Preparation and preservation of customer identification records (Article 6)	Preparation and preservation of transaction records (Article 7)	Reporting of suspicious transactions (Article 9)
Financial Institutions, etc. (Item 1 through 33)	☐	☐	☐	☐
Financial Leasing Operators (Item 34)
Credit Card Operators (Item 35)
Real Estate Agents (Item 36)
Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (Item 37)
Postal Receiving Service Providers (Item 38)
Telephone Receiving Service Providers
Judicial Scrivener (Item 40)
Certified Administrative Procedures Specialists (Item 41)
Certified Public Accountant (Item 42)
Certified Public Tax Accountants (Item 43)
Lawyer (Item 39)	To be prescribed in the Rules of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations in line with cases of judicial scriveners, etc. (Article 8)
business operators. JAFIC was established within the Organized Crime Department, the Criminal Investigation Bureau of the National Police Agency, as a new Japan's FIU to perform these functions.

## Section2 Mission and Structure

JAFIC is in charge of the following tasks provided in the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds:

- Collection, arrangement, analysis and dissemination of reports to investigative authorities, etc. of suspicious transactions;

- Dissemination of information to foreign FlUs;

- Provision of information and complementation of supervisory measures by administrative authorities to ensure that specified business operators take the required measures;

JAFIC also plans and examines the legal system related to AML/CFT and "the Guideline for Promotion of the Criminal Proceeds Control", etc. described in Section 4, as well as participating in establishing international standards.

Among these tasks, the status of the analysis and dissemination of STRs will be explained in Chapter 4, while cooperation with foreign FLUs and international institutions will be described in Chapter 5.

The structure of JAFIC is illustrated by Fig. 3-1. It is currently composed of about 70 employees under the Director.

On the other hand, the "Task Force specializing in investigation of money laundering" is established in each Prefectural Police in charge of tracing criminal proceeds and money laundering control, etc.

Figure3-1 Structure of JAFIC
## Section3 JAfic and Partners

Specified business operators including financial institutions should take initial anti-money laundering measures according to the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds. As stated in this chapter separately, in addition to the analysis of financial intelligence, JAFIC endeavors to publicize the actual conditions of money laundering and legal systems and relevant countermeasures so that specified business operators can take the proper actions and gain cooperation from the public. Relevant ministries and agencies in charge of supervising business operators should not only exercise the supervisory function to secure the fulfillment of obligations, but should also issue List of Reference Cases of Suspicious Transactions, and seminars in cooperation with industry organizations. On the other hand, investigative authorities, such as the police, detect money laundering and predicate offences and, as a result, confiscate criminal proceeds within their respective jurisdictions.

These ministries and agencies carry out their duties in each position, while also cooperating with each other by exchanging useful information, discussing issues in preventing money laundering and other ways.

Also, for the purpose of promoting effective and appropriate measures against transnational organized crimes and international terrorism in a comprehensive and active manner, the "Headquarters for the Promotion of Measures against Transnational Organized Crime and Other Relative Issues and International Terrorism" was established in a Cabinet Meeting in August 2004. In addition, the "Ministerial Meeting Concerning Measures against Crime" which was started by the cabinet meeting agreement on September 2003, frequently discusses anti-money laundering measures.

Figure 3-2 Anti-money Laundering Measures in Each Governmental Organization
confiscation securance order of such criminal proceeds. Also, close coordination with the Public Prosecutor's Office shall be strengthened with regards the deprivation of criminal proceeds.

## (6) Promotion of international cooperation

The police should strengthen international cooperation by, for example, exchanging information with foreign FlUs, responding to revisions of international recommendations, and supporting foreign countries in implementing international recommendations.

The police have already put into practice, actively, as described in Chapter 6, the policies indicated by "the Guideline for Promotion of the Criminal Proceeds Control" through various criminal investigations.

Figure 3-3 Overview of the Promotion Outline of Measures against Criminal Proceeds
# Section5 Cooperation with Business Operators and the Public

# Paragraph1 Explanation and Provision of Information, etc. on Seminars Targeting Specified Business Operators

## 1 Explanation on Seminars for Financial Institutions

JAFIC jointly held with the Financial Services Agency, "Suspicious Transactions Reporting" seminars for financial institutions 17 times, in total at 12 places in Tokyo and at Local Finance Bureau of the like from October to November 2009, where it explained about cases of suspicious transactions reporting utilized by investigative authorities and points to keep in mind when filing the report and so on and answered the question made by employees of financial institutions.

## 2 Explanation on Seminars for Dealers in precious metals and stones

The “Suspicious Transactions Reporting” seminar for dealers in precious metals and stones, precious metals was held by the National Police Agency and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, in February 2009, to summarize the law and to explain the responsibilities of specified business operators.

## 3 Explanation on Seminars for Real Estate Agents

From February to March 2009, the “Briefing on the

Explanation at a Seminar

Seminar for Currency exchanging Operators

Act for the Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds" seminars for Real Estate Agents were held by the National Police Agency and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport at 10 locations, such as the Regional Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, to summarize the law and to explain the responsibilities of specified business operators.
## 4 PR on Website

The web-page of JAfic has been created in the National Police Agency website, that publicizes the annual report, JAfic's activities, and description of Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds.

Leaflet

Website of JAFIC

Police Agency Website

http://www.npa.go.jp

## Website of JAFIC

http://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/index.htm

#### Paragraph2 Provision of Information for Specified Business Operators following the U.N. Security Council Resolution

When, for example, the United Nations Security Council adopts a resolution on measures for freezing the assets related to person or organization deemed to be involved in terrorism, etc., the National Police Agency shall disseminate the content to specified business operators and thoroughly request the implementation of the fulfillment of customer identification obligation and suspicious transaction reporting obligation on the person or organization whose assets, etc. are targeted for freezing. Moreover, the targeted person or organization of the said measure shall be listed on the website.

Furthermore, in response to the adoption of a resolution at the United Nations Security Council in June 2009, the measures to freeze assets which can contribute to the plans and activities related to nuclear, ballistic missiles, or other weapons of mass destruction of North Korea, were determined to be carried out in July in the same year. As well as giving this publicity to the financial institutions, the National Police Agency requested them to pay special attention to asset transfers related to North Korea, and to work on the thorough implementation of the fulfillment of customer identification obligations and
## 3 Efforts of Real Estate Industry

In December 2007, the real estate industry established the "Liaison Council for Preventing Transfer of Criminal Proceeds and Preventing Damage by Antisocial Forces in the Real Estate Industry" so that the real estate industry as a whole, can promote collective efforts to prevent the transfer of criminal proceeds and eliminate antisocial forces in preparation for the total enforcement of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds. It proceeds with taking measures to share the information regarding the operation of systems including the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, through efforts such as discussing the development of a responsibility system with relevant operators, and preparing and distributing brochures, etc. for the purpose of enlightenment.

## 4 Efforts of Lawyers Associations

The Japan Federation of Bar Associations had been examining the relation between anti-money laundering measures and the duties of a lawyer, recognizing the importance of the measures, and establishing with a resolution of the general assembly meeting in March 2007, the "Rules on Identification of Clients and Record-Keeping" which stipulates the obligations of a lawyer; e.g., confirming the identity of a client, preserving the records for certain practices, and not accepting a request if suspected to be used for transfer of criminal proceeds. The rule was put into effect on July 1, 2007.

Every year, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations, in cooperation with each bar association, makes efforts to publicize this rule through inserts in PR brochure holding seminars and delivering training videos over the Internet.

## Section6 Measures to Ensure the Effectiveness of the “Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds”

The National Public Safety Commission, the National Police Agency (JAFIC), requests to submit reports to the specified business operators suspected of violating the obligation of customer identification, etc. prescribed in the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds or directs to conduct necessary inquiry to the prefectural police, through the process of Furikome fraud investigation carried out by prefectural police.

In 2009, 16 requests to submit report were carried out on 16 postal receiving service providers (so-called private P.O box companies), and 2 directions of necessary inquiry, one for money lender and the other for telephone receiving service providers, were given to the prefectural police. In addition, based on the result of reports, the National Public Safety Commission, the National Police Agency stated 9 opinions to take necessary measures to rectify violating the provision of the Act on the Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds by the business operators, to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry which is a competent administrative agency of the postal receiving service providers in the same year. In accordance with them, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry issued 7 orders for rectification to the postal receiving service providers.
Table 3-1 Implementation of Request to submit report, etc. by National Public Safety Commission, National Police Agency

2008	2009
Number of requests to submit reports to the specified business operators	11	16
Number of directions to conduct inquiry to the prefectural police	1	2
Number of stating opinions to the competent administrative agency	4	9

### Current Conditions of the Application of Penal Provisions regarding Delivery/Provision of Deposit/Savings passbook, etc. (tentative number of cases)

In the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds Article 26, which replaces the Customer Identification Act, Article 16-2, regulates the punishment for selling and/or buying of deposit/savings passbooks, etc.

Enforcement of Penal Provisions according to the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds came into force on March 1, 2008. As such, the Customer Identification Act by Financial Institutions is applied to the selling and/or buying of deposit/savings passbooks, etc. for cases before this date (statutory punishment is the same).

There were 944 arrested cases of violation of the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds Article 26 (delivery/provision of deposit/savings passbook, etc.) (including arrests for the violation of the Customer Identification Act, Article 16-2) in 2009. Of these, 919 cases (97.4%) related to delivery or provision.
# Reports of Suspicious Transactions

The Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds requires specified business operators to file a report to a competent administrative authority if a transaction is suspected to be related to criminal proceeds. This measure was made obligatory for the first time in the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law and was carried over to the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds through the Act on the Punishment of Organized Crime.

## Section1 Outline of the Suspicious Transaction Report System

## 1 Purpose

The Suspicious Transaction Report System aims, by supporting investigation on money laundering and predicate offences, to prevent illegal use of the services of legal businesses and ensure their soundness and trust.

## 2 Cases in which Reporting is Required

Specified business operators are required to file an STR to a corresponding supervising authority, when they suspect, during the course of their businesses (types of the businesses listed in table 2-2), that assets they received are criminal proceeds or that their client commits an offence of concealment of criminal proceeds.

## 3 Announcement of List of Reference Cases of Suspicious Transactions (Guideline)

Specified business operators are expected to judge whether the concerned transaction is a suspicious transaction with their own knowledge and experience at that industry, taking into account the form of transaction, client attributes and conditions surrounding the transaction. It may well be the case, however, that some operators simply lack adequate understanding of money laundering and find it difficult to make an appropriate judgment. Therefore, in Japan, since the time of the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law, "List of Reference Cases of Suspicious Transactions," has been issued for specified business operators as a guideline for reporting. It is often called the "Reporting Guideline." After full enforcement of Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, which covers a wider variety of specified business operators than before, competent supervisory administrative authorities have announced reference cases of suspicious transactions, based on the characteristics of respective specified business operators.

These reference cases are listed as clarified in the introduction thereof, samples of suspicious transactions are intended merely for reference. This means, it is for the specified business operator to judge whether an individual case is a suspicious transaction, taking into account the client's attributes, conditions surrounding the transaction and other specifics of the transaction. All the transactions that appear to match the listed samples do not necessarily have to be reported as suspicious, while transactions that do not fall within any of them may still be suspicious and subject to reporting.

## 4 Analysis of Bank Account used for Crime

JAfic has carried out operations to statistically abstract the characteristics of bank accounts used for