表(3)-1：ベトナムの風力発電事業のケーススタディーで活用するサーベイ調査の質問リスト（出典：鈴木作成）

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RESEARCH PROJECT ON “BARRIERS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF WIND POWER GENERATIONS IN VIETNAM”
1. Barrier categories	2. Barriers	3. Explanations	4. Your evaluations on the significance of each barrier (5: Most significant, 4: Significant, 3: Less significant, 2: Not significant, 1: Not relevant). Please leave the most appropriate number and erase the others.	5. Please elaborate in some detail if the evaluation score is higher than 3.	6. Please provide your ideas to overcome each significant barrier. If you can, please identify the roles of the government and international institutions to overcome the barrier.
Technological and technical barriers	Lack of access to the international technology market. Lack of knowledge of available technologies in the market.	Wind turbines and other related equipments are imported but not may be used most effectively.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of wind-related data.	ex. Wind mapping data. Lack of feasibility studies.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of appropriate infrastructure.	Installation of wind often requires a port and road facility for transportation. Stable gid and transmission system are also necessary.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of facility for installation and erection.	ex. Lack of availability of trucks and cranes for transportation and erection of wind turbines.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of codes, standards and verification.	ex. Lack of grid connection regulations for intermittent sources of energy (e.g., fault-ride-through and voltage stability contribution).	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of indegious technologies.	ex. Lack of local technologies or supporting the industry.	1	2	3	4	5
Economic and financial barriers	Lack of market openness.	Lack of market openness for foreign investors.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of enabling business environment.	This includes simplifying procedures and regulations for businesses, ensuring property rights, explicit trade and investment rules, low levels of government intervention in markets, and low and simplified taxes.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of funding for R&D.	Lack of public and private funding for Research & Development activities in Vietnam.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of knowledge of financing opportunities among project participants.	ex. Lack of opportunities to learn about financing options.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of equity funding (from equity investors) for project implementation.	Lack of knowledge on wind power among local equity investors.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of debt funding (from banks) for project implementation.	Lack of knowledge on wind power among local bankers.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of access to cover capital cost.	Lack of access to capital in general.	1	2	3	4	5
CAPEX intensity of renewables.	ex. Higher rate of investment per kWh. Low rate of return (IRR).	1	2	3	4	5
High O&M costs.	High operational & maintenance costs to keep running a wind power generation facility.	1	2	3	4	5
Institutional barriers (including regulatory and social barriers)	Favour (such as subsidies) to conventional energy and non-consideration of externalities.	Favorable policies or incentives to encourage fossil fuel based energy such as coal, oil, and gas.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of awareness and lack of access to regulatory information.	Lack of information on regulation related to renewable energy.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of policy and incentive programs to promote clean energies.	ex. feed-in-tariff (power purchase agreement) and subsidy.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of middle or long-term goals to promote clean energy.	Lack of national policy or strategy to promote clean energy.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of enabling regulatory environment.	Enabling regulatory environment includes clear guidance on the responsible government agencies and well-coordination among the agencies.	1	2	3	4	5
Insufficient protection of intellectual property rights.	Lack of protection of intellectual property rights.	1	2	3	4	5
Low electricity price	Low electricity price may make EVN (Vietnam Electricity) as the power purchaser unwilling to buy expensive wind energy.	1	2	3	4	5
Political instability.	Stable political environment is necessary for foreign investors.	1	2	3	4	5
Lack of social acceptance and support for clean energy.	Consumer's opposition to pay a higher price for clean energy.	1	2	3	4	5

## （３）障害の克服に向けた制度の役割及び機能

上記の研究を通してアジアにおける温室効果ガス削減に貢献する技術の革新及び移転の障害が特定された。特定された障害を克服するための制度を検討した。第一に制度の役割及び機能に関して議論されている様々な視点を検討し整理した。その上で技術革新と移転の障害を克服し再生可能エネルギーの普及を目的とした現在実施中のプログラムをレビューした。具体的には、産業界が主導しているプログラムと国際機関が主導しているプログラムをレビューした。これからの研