Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Table 5-1 Number of Punishments Made under the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds

Year	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Transfer etc. of savings passbooks (as a business)	32	18	19	25	29
Transfer etc. of savings passbooks (as a non-business)	1,487	1,570	1,584	1,559	1,902
Soliciting the transfer of passbooks, etc.	24	17	14	16	42
Transfer of foreign exchange cards, etc.	0	0	33	19	2
Others	1	0	1	0	4
Total	1,544	1,605	1,651	1,619	1,979

## Section 2 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering in 2016

## Paragraph 1 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

## 1 Number of Cleared Cases

There were 380 cases cleared of money laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2016, consisting of 0 cases of management control through illicit proceeds, 268 cases of concealment of criminal proceeds, $ ^{(Note)} $ and 112 cases of receipt of criminal proceeds. The total number of cases represented a decrease of one case (0.3%) from the previous year. (See Table 5-2)

(Note) Criminal proceeds means proceeds from criminal activities, assets deriving from criminal proceeds, or assets mixed with other assets.

Table 5-2 Number of Arrests Made for Money Laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

Year Category	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Management Control through Illicit Proceeds (Article 9)	0 (0)	1 (1)	0 (0)	1 (0)	1 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0)	1 (1)	2 (0)	0 (0)
Concealment of Criminal Proceeds etc. (Article 10)	137 (35)	134 (41)	172 (49)	139 (46)	150 (43)	158 (27)	171 (35)	180 (26)	234 (43)	268 (45)
Receipt of Criminal Proceeds etc. (Article 11)	40 (25)	38 (21)	54 (41)	65 (44)	92 (38)	80 (28)	99 (40)	112 (28)	145 (46)	112 (25)
Total	177 (60)	173 (63)	226 (90)	205 (90)	243 (81)	238 (55)	272 (75)	293 (55)	381 (89)	380 (70)

Note: Each number in brackets represents the number of cases conducted by Boryokudan gangsters.
Looking at the types of money laundering crimes under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes, the number of theft cases was the highest at 156, followed by 103 cases of fraud, 30 cases of illegal loaning, 16 cases of habitual gambling and running a gambling place for profit, and 13 cases of distribution of obscene objects.

## 2 Modus Operandi of Money Laundering Observed in Cleared Cases

## (1) Examples of Concealment of Criminal Proceeds

Instances of concealment of criminal proceeds in 2016 consisted largely of cases in which offenders attempted to transfer funds to bank accounts under the name of other persons. This is a major form of infrastructure used in money-laundering crimes. In addition, criminals use various methods to keep investigative authorities off the track, including selling stolen items using a false name, disguising reasons with respect to acquiring criminal proceeds, and more.

## 【Case 1】 Concealment of criminal proceeds related to a fraud case

A male construction worker disguised himself as another person and had cash totaling 4,500,000 yen, which he had defrauded from a Shinkin bank, transferred to an account under the name of said other person he manages. He was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds).

(Osaka, in January)

## 【Case 2】 Concealment of criminal proceeds related to a robbery case

A man working for a welfare facility robbed a part of the sales of a gas station (cash totaling around 560,000 yen) and concealed it in a rental container that he rented under his own name. He was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds).

(Saga, in January)

## [Case 3] Concealment of criminal proceeds related to a theft case

A man who is an employee of a company sold a watch, which he had stolen from another person’s house, at a recycling shop by presenting a health insurance certificate of someone else. He was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds).

(Fukushima, in February)

## (2) Examples of Receipt of Criminal Proceeds etc

In the cases on receipt of criminal proceeds which were cleared in 2016, there are cases where offenders received criminal proceeds derived from theft, fraud and habitual gambling and running a gambling place for profit through bank transfer and purchase of
stolen items, which shows these criminal proceeds can be transferred to other individuals in diverse ways.

[Case 4] Receipt of criminal proceeds related to violation of the Anti-Prostitution Act

A man engaged in the scouting business received cash totaling 1,800,000 yen by bank transfer as a commission from the sex trade shop to which he introduced a woman he had scouted on a street, while knowing that the money was paid from proceeds obtained through prostitution brokerage. He was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (receipt of criminal proceeds).

(Metropolitan Police Department, Akita, Fukushima, Ibaraki, in March)

## 【Case 5】Receipt of criminal proceeds related to a theft case

Multiple unemployed men purchased drugs that a male acquaintance had stolen from a drug store, while knowing that they were stolen goods. They were arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (receipt of criminal proceeds).

(Yamaguchi, in April)

## 3 Money Laundering Cases related to Boryokudan (General name for Japanese gangster organizations)

There were a total of 70 cases cleared of money laundering related to Boryokudan (including Boryokudan members, associates, and other related parties) in 2016, consisting of 45 cases of concealment of criminal proceeds, and 25 cases of receipt of criminal proceeds. This number accounts for 18.4% of all cases cleared of money laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2016.

In each type of case of money laundering related to Boryokudan, there were 22 fraud cases, 15 cases of theft, and 11 cases of loan-sharking. This indicates that Boryokudan commit money laundering by a variety of predicate offenses.

## (1) Examples of Means of Concealment of Criminal Proceeds by Boryokudan

Looking at the cases of concealment of criminal proceeds, there were 14 cases of fraud, and 11 cases of theft, and 10 cases of loan-sharking.

The most significant modus operandi is that criminal proceeds obtained by loan-sharking are concealed in a bank account opened in another party's name and that proceeds obtained through theft and other crimes are sold under false names.
Business Act by a senior member of Boryokudan affiliated to Inagawa-kai

A male senior Boryokudan member affiliated to Inagawa-kai who were engaging in loan-sharking arranged for borrowers to remit a total of around 2,900,000 yen in loan repayments to accounts opened in the names of other persons. He was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds). (Yamanashi, in January)

## (2) Examples of Receipt of Criminal Proceeds related to Boryokudan

Cleared cases of receipt of criminal proceeds consisted of 8 fraud cases, and 4 cases each for habitual gambling, theft and prostitution.

Cases included receipt of proceeds obtained through fraud, and protection money to the gangster organizations, providing an indication of how Boryokudan earn profit through the power or force of the organization.

[Case 7] Receipt of criminal proceeds related to a case of habitual gambling by a senior member of Boryokudan affiliated to Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi and others

A male senior Boryokudan member affiliated to Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi and others received 90,000 yen in cash as protection money from a manager, etc. of a casino shop while knowing that the money was paid from proceeds obtained through habitual gambling. They were arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (receipt of criminal proceeds).

(Wakayama, in August)

## 4 Money Laundering conducted by Foreign Visitors to Japan

In cleared cases of money laundering under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2016, there were 35 cases related to foreign visitors to Japan, representing 9.2% of all cases.

Looking at these 35 cases, there were 29 cases of concealment of criminal proceeds and 6 cases of receipt of criminal proceeds. Looking at the predicate offenses, there were 17 cases of theft, and 10 cases of fraud. It can be seen that criminals of foreign nationalities operating in Japan use various methods to carry out money laundering, including the use of bank accounts in Japan made in the names of other parties.
【Case 8】 Concealment of criminal proceeds related to a special fraud and theft case

A Chinese national residing in Japan stole a total of 1,500,000 yen using passbooks and cash cards he had defrauded from multiple victims and concealed part of the money in a coin locker. He was arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds).

(Kochi, in June)

## Paragraph 2 Cleared Cases of Money Laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

The total number of cleared cases of money laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in 2016 was 8 cases, unchanged from the previous year (see Table 5-3).

In some cases, money laundering is artfully committed for funds acquired through drug of-fenses such as smuggling of stimulants, in which purchasers’ payments are deposited into a bank account under the name of another party (Case 9). $ ^{(Note)} $

Note: Drug criminal proceeds are comprised of drug criminal proceeds and proceeds stemming from drug offense proceeds, or a mix of said proceeds and other funds. (Article2, Paragraph 3 to 5 of the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law).

Table 5-3 Number of Arrests Made for Money Laundering under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

Year Category	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Concealment of drug-related criminal proceeds etc. (Article 6)	5 (4)	10 (4)	5 (1)	8 (4)	8 (3)	8 (2)	6 (6)	5 (3)	5 (3)	5 (4)
Receipt of drug-related criminal proceeds etc. (Article 7)	2 (1)	2 (1)	5 (3)	1 (1)	0 (0)	3 (2)	4 (4)	2 (2)	3 (2)	3 (2)
Total	7 (5)	12 (5)	10 (4)	9 (5)	8 (3)	11 (4)	10 (10)	7 (5)	8 (5)	8 (6)

Note: Each number in brackets represents the number of cases conducted by Boryokudan gangsters.

## 【Case 9】Concealment of drug-related criminal proceeds related to trafficking of stimulants

A man who was engaging in trafficking of stimulants sold stimulants by directly handing them or sending them by mail and arranged for customers to remit a total of approximately 3,600,000 yen in payment to an account opened in the name of another person. He was arrested for violation of the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Act (concealment of drug-related criminal proceeds. (Niigata, in January)
## Section 3 Temporary Restraining Order for Confiscation of Criminal Proceeds before Institution of Prosecution in 2016

In order to prevent criminal proceeds from being used to maintain and expand the powers of criminal organizations and being used to invest in future criminal activities, it is important to deprive them. Confiscation and collection of equivalent value of criminal proceeds are conducted based on the court order. To ensure that criminal proceeds are not concealed or spent before the order is given, the police use the system of “Temporary Restraining Order for Confiscation before Institution of Prosecution” (hereafter referred as Temporary Restraining Order) stipulated in the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes and the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in order to confiscate criminal proceeds effectively.

## Paragraph 1 Temporary Restraining Order under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

The number of “Temporary Restraining Orders” issued under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in 2016 (on the request of judicial police officers) was 183 (a decrease of 37 cases (16.8%) from the previous year) (see Table 5-4).

Table 5-4 Numbers of Temporary Restraining Orders Issued and Amounts Confiscated Before Prosecution under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

Year	Cases	Total amount of credit	Others
2007	21 (7)	¥268,801,546
2008	44 (21)	¥314,239,728
2009	54 (23)	¥270,188,760	Foreign currency: US$750
2010	70 (36)	¥160,597,150	Land: 605.95m²Building: 1Passenger vehicles: 2Necklace: 1
2011	101 (30)	¥134,764,985
2012	148 (39)	¥3,380,337,707	Light vehicle: 1Passenger vehicle: 1Condominium: 1 unit
2013	160 (54)	¥362,399,577	Land: 522.64m²Passenger vehicle: 1
2014	193 (45)	¥345,333,578	Pure silver bell: 1
2015	220 (44)	¥341,264,257	Passenger vehicle: 3
2016	183 (34)	¥530,718,975

Note 1: Only the cases requested by judicial police officers.

Note 2: The number of cases in brackets represents the number of cases related to Boryokudan gangsters.
A breakdown of this figure by type of predicate offense includes 41 cases of unlicensed entertainment business, 38 cases of habitual gambling and running a gambling place for profit, 23 cases of encouragement illegal employment and 21 cases of prostitution offenses, etc. The system of “Temporary Restraining Orders” under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes which allows the confiscation of criminal proceeds is an effective measure to deprive offenders of criminal proceeds. The police, in good coordination with the public prosecutor’s office, will use the system effectively and prevent criminal organizations from using criminal proceeds. The police will actively make use of “Temporary Restraining Orders” in order to ensure the enforcement of confiscation orders for the purpose of the recovery of crime victim property by the public prosecutor under the “Act on the Provision of Compensation for Crime Victim Property etc.”

“Temporary Restraining Orders” issued in 2016 include numerous orders against unlicensed entertainment business. Orders were also issued for pecuniary claims for the following, which under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crime are subject to confiscation: claims on deposits, and claims on advance payment on behalf of a third party for credit sales.

## 【Case 10】Temporary Restraining Order against proceeds related to habitual gambling at overseas online casinos

Against male company executives and others, a Temporary Restraining Order was issued with regard to approximately 127 million yen, proceeds related to habitual gambling at overseas online casinos, which they saved in a safe, etc.

(Chiba, in February)

【Case 11】Temporary Restraining Order against proceeds related to a fraud case

Male company executives and others had defrauded money from victims through disguising themselves as relatives of other persons and deposited such money where they were staying. A Temporary Restraining Order was issued against part of that money (approximately 1.8 million yen).

(Kumamoto, in April)

## 【Case 12】Temporary Restraining Order against revenue related to violation of the Act on Control and Improvement of Amusement Business, etc

A man managing restaurants was also managing a host club without authorization in violation of the Act on Control and Improvement of Amusement Business, etc. A Temporary Restraining Order was issued against the total of approximately 2 million yen, consisting of cash in revenue from the club, claims on deposits, and claims on advance payment on behalf of a third party.

(Niigata, in February)
## Paragraph 2 Temporary Restraining Order under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

The number of Temporary Restraining Orders issued under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in 2016 was 16 cases, an increase of 2 cases (14.3%) from the previous year (see Table 5-5).

For example, a Temporary Restraining Order was issued against proceeds (cash and pecuniary claims) obtained from trafficking of stimulant drugs which were sold illegally (Case 13).

Table 5-5 Number of Temporary Restraining Orders Issued and Amounts Confiscated Before Prosecution under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

Year	Cases	Total amount of credit	Others
2007	4 (3)	¥45,032,829
2008	7 (5)	¥23,344,267
2009	8 (5)	¥29,215,674
2010	13 (7)	¥33,591,421	Travelers Cheque: US$11,500 Necklace: 1 Watch: 2 Passenger vehicle: 1
2011	14 (4)	¥11,678,611	Foreign currency: US$5,000 Passenger vehicle: 3 Key: 1
2012	16 (8)	¥30,026,428
2013	4 (4)	¥19,985,691
2014	16 (9)	¥40,625,322	Foreign currency: US$20,700 Foreign currency: CNY260 Land: 150.68m² Building: 1 Passenger vehicle: 1 Car seat: 3 Key: 2 Mobile phone: 1
2015	14 (10)	¥37,318,473	Mobile phone: 1
2016	16 (12)	¥105,019,479	Passenger vehicle: 1 Claims on gold bullion: 0.85054g Claims on platinum bullion: 27.99112g

Note 1: Only the cases requested by police officers, among judicial police officers.

Note 2: The number of cases in brackets represents the number of cases related to Boryokudan gangsters.
## 【Case 13】Temporary Restraining Order against drug-related criminal proceeds related to organized trafficking of stimulants

A stimulant trafficking organization of organized crime members affiliated to Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi was identified. A male trafficker was arrested for violation of the Stimulants Control Act (possession for profit), and a Temporary Restraining Order was issued against approximately 57 million yen in cash and pecuniary claims obtained by the trafficker through trafficking of stimulants.

(Hyogo, in May)

## Section 4 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value

## Paragraph 1 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes

The details of application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in general court procedures (first trials) are shown in the following Table 5-6.

Table 5-6 Statistics of the Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes in General First Trials

Year	Confiscation	Collection	Total
Persons	Amount	Persons	Amount	Persons	Amount
2011	93	60,899	93	819,683	186	880,582
2012	88	115,756	56	924,627	144	1,040,384
2013	119	701,489	47	16,431,835	166	17,133,324
2014	72	117,462	62	408,319	134	525,782
2015	86	1,581,286	76	2,542,167	162	4,123,454

Note 1: Data is based on the White Paper on Crime.

Note 2: Units are yen in thousands (amounts less than one thousand yen are rounded down).

Note 3: When Confiscations and Collections of Equivalent Value were ordered in duplicate for accomplices, the amount was calculated excluding the duplicate amount.

Note 4: Foreign currencies were exchanged into Japanese yen at the exchange rate of the date of the ruling.

## Paragraph 2 Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law

The details of application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in general court procedures (first trials) are shown in the following Table 5-7.
Table 5-7 Statistics of the Application of Provisions of Confiscation and Collection of Equivalent Value under the Anti-Drug Special Provisions Law in General First Trials

Year	Confiscation	Collection	Total
Persons	Amount	Persons	Amount	Persons	Amount
2011	69	21,277	273	850,882	342	872,160
2012	63	20,852	241	361,862	304	382,714
2013	61	16,407	214	506,150	275	522,558
2014	52	9,266	231	325,307	283	334,574
2015	56	11,025	199	194,243	255	205,269

Note 1: Data is based on the White Paper on Crime.

Note 2: Units are yen in thousands (amounts less than one thousand yen are rounded down).

Note 3: When Confiscations and Collections of Equivalent Value were ordered in duplicate for accomplices, the amount was calculated excluding the duplicate amount.

Note 4: Foreign currencies were exchanged into Japanese yen at the exchange rate of the date of the ruling.

## Section 5 Cases of Cross-Border Money Laundering

## 【Case 14】Concealment of criminal proceeds related to an international fraud case by Japanese nationals that caused huge financial damage

Japanese men had sent falsified transaction emails to victims in America and made them remit funds into bank accounts in Japan opened under other persons' names. When withdrawing the funds, they falsely explained to a bank employee that those funds were remittances related to normal commercial transactions, thereby disguising the money as legitimate business profit. As a result, they were arrested for violation of the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes (concealment of criminal proceeds) and fraud. In several years, a total of approximately 950 million yen was remitted from overseas to multiple bank accounts they had in Japan.

(Aichi, in September)
## Chapter 6

# Promotion of International Cooperation

As globalization of economy and financial services is remarkably spreading today, it has become quite easier to move money anytime and anywhere across borders. Consequently, financial services are likely to be exploited by criminal or terrorist organizations in an attempt to evade investigations of authorities in a way hiding criminal proceeds or terrorist funds through, among others, cross-border wire transactions.

To make matters worse, jurisdictions with non or insufficient compliance with global the AML/CFT regime would become a loophole and provide significant opportunity to those who are trying to commit ML/TF.

Taking these situations into consideration, it is essential for the international community to cooperate closely with each other in fighting against global scale ML/TF. In particular, in order to detect any illicit money and prevent the misuse of the world financial system, competent government authorities of all jurisdictions playing any role in AML/CFT have to share the latest trends involving ML/TF or anything undermining our efforts in timely manner, and take effective measures against ML/TF all together.

## Section 1 Activities of International Institutions

## Paragraph 1 FATF

## 1 Organization

FATF is an intergovernmental body established following the “Economic Declaration” of the 1989 Arche Summit Communiqué to promote international cooperation on anti-money laundering measures. After the US terrorist attacks of 2001, FATF has also taken the initiative in the promotion of international CFT measures.

FATF has 35 member jurisdictions (including Japan) and 2 international institutions as of the end of December 2016.

## 2 Activities

## (1) Main Activities

1. Formulation and review of international standards in the "FATF Recommendations" concerning AML/CFT measures

2. Monitoring the status of compliance with the FATF Recommendations in FATF member jurisdictions (Mutual Evaluations)

3. Promotion of compliance with the FATF Recommendations to non-member jurisdictions