containing asbestos (Visually identifiable building materials containing asbestos) and information on such materials, as well as pamphlets for measures related to asbestos in buildings.

## 6 Environmental measures in construction

The gas emissions measures (NOx, PM) for construction machinery that are not driven on public roads, the registration, certification and approval are being handled based on the “Act on Regulation, Etc. of Emissions from Non-road Special Motor Vehicles”. Things like the low interest loan system is in place to provide assistance for the purchasing of construction machinery that have been adapted to be environment-friendly by meeting the latest emission standards and having reduced noise.

Section 7

## Observing, Monitoring, and Forecasting Changes in the Global Environment

## 1 Observing and monitoring the global environment

## (1) Observing and monitoring climate change

In order to grasp the status of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is observing $ CO_{2} $ trends in the atmosphere at three stations in Japan. $ CO_{2} $ concentrations in the marine atmosphere, as well as those in the sea surface water are being observed in the western North Pacific by research vessels. GHGs in the upper troposphere in the western North Pacific is also being observed. Furthermore, JMA is not only monitoring climate changes, but also observing solar

and infrared radiation at domestic five stations in order to reduce an uncertainty of global warming projections.

In addition, JMA observes sea level rise accompanied by global warming, and publishes information on the long-term change in sea levels around Japanese coasts.

In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of seasonal weather forecasting and monitoring of climate change, JMA produced the Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55), a historical global atmospheric data with homogeneity in space and time.

Moreover, “Climate Change Monitoring Reports” and “Report on Climate Change and Extreme Weather” (in Japanese) are compiled based on results from observation, and future projection of climate changes, extreme weather events and global warming is disclosed to the public. Serving as the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), JMA also archives and provides observation data on greenhouse gases around the world.

## (2) Observing and monitoring extreme weather events

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) monitors unusual weather events occurring in Japan and elsewhere in the world and summarizes and releases periodic and extraordinary information concerning weather disasters and areas where extreme high and low temperatures, heavy and light rainfalls, and other such events have been observed. Also, when extreme weather conditions are occurring that significantly affect the public, summary reports are given covering the information regarding features, factors and the outlook.

Furthermore, as a Regional Climate Center of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), JMA provides information such as monitoring and analysis of extreme weather as well as technical assistance through training and dispatch of experts to National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Asian countries to support the climate service in the Asia Pacific region.