are often held in a certain time that is enough for discussing the main contents. Otherwise, it is very difficult to keep the participants if the time is longer than one day. However, when we thoroughly understood the purposes of this workshop is to analyze and deeply discuss and exchange opinions on solid waste management, we agreed that it was necessary to hold a long time workshop so that we have enough time for discussion. However, we also proposed to Japanese experts that if we wanted to hold one day longer workshop, it should be taken place in a place out of Hanoi city so that it would not affect participants' work and could keep them to stay to the end of the workshop. Thus, one of the criteria for holding the workshop is to hold it in Dam Long – a place that is far from center of Hanoi city and without bus stations. Actually, we found that it is very effective to hold a day and a half long workshop. At first we thought that we might not need to spend such a long time for discussion as there would not be so many things to discuss. However, with the detail discussion by an active method of group discussion of five participants, we raised out suggestion or questions for participants to discuss ebulliently. Then we found that one day and a half was even not enough for discussion. That is one of experience we would like to share. If we want to hold a long time workshop in the future, we should pay attention to the workshop's location, contents or the way to hold it to get the active participation of the participants.

Dr. Kawai: I asked many tasks for INEV, especially to collect data not only in Hanoi but also in other city. Thanks to some other URENCOs, we got many important data. On behalf of INEV, Ms. Mai Huong, what did you learn from this three-year research?

Ms. Huong: Through the cooperation with NIES, we had carried out some tasks as mentioned by Dr. Kawai. During those activities, we learned many things from those activities, for example how to collect and analyze the data. We also had chances to discuss with Japanese experts on methodologies to implement such activities. From that, our capacity had been considerably improved.

Dr. Kawai: Dr. Hirata, you just came back from Hai Phong city, you are supported by JICA and Hai Phong URENCO to implement your project on semi-aerobic landfill, what kind of components are necessary for a smooth and productive research?

Dr. Hirata: Actually, from JICA’s project we started to design and construct the pilot scale landfill in Hai Phong 2 years ago. In the first year, we started to discuss with people from Hai Phong URENCO. As we are in long distance, so we had to contact by emails. It’s very difficult to explain what we want to ask or why they have to do it. In the second year, Hai Phong URENCO prepared one person who knows very well about Fukuoka method because he came to Japan for JICA’s training. He studied in six months or nine months for our Fukuoka method and some other technologies. After he started to work with us, it’s very comfortable and smooth to teach or to ask them why we need this system and why we want to prepare these materials and so on. I think when we want to do a project in Vietnam, the person who knows very well about system is very important. If he does not know anything or he just knows a very little information about the project which we