Dr. Kawai: I am not sure if I can answer your question or not, but of course we disclose any kind of data that we collected during our research project. It is our policy that the data should be shared within stakeholders and they should be utilized to improve the waste management. So we will provide the data or results for central government or Hanoi city. And we will consider the scenarios or the methodologies to improve the current situation of MSW management. I am sure that we will continue our relationship and in the future we will continue our joint-research. So I request to keep the relationship in our team.

Ms Giang, Ministry of Science and Technology: First of all, thank you very much for your interesting presentations, from the methodologies for project’s approach to the obtained data. Firstly, I would like to have some words commenting on the idea to hold workshops as follows: You said that to get better discussion and results, we’d better to hold the workshops far from center of Hanoi in one day and a half. For this, I would like to emphasize that if you hold the workshop out of Hanoi in one day and a half, the participants will be very different. If the workshops can be held within center of Hanoi in a half of day, the key persons, high-ranking people or scientists can participate with high and professional skill quality. However, if you invite those people to join such a long workshop and far from Hanoi, the participants just can be their assistants or staff. Secondly, in the third presentation, it is stated that there is no private waste collector in Japan. As far as I know, there are many forms for this in Japan, especially they have home tide-up companies. And the collected waste will be transported for treatment or trading. Thirdly, I have a question as follows: Also in the third presentation, you have the percentage rate between serviced people by URENCOs per urban population in the South, the rate may reach 150%. This rate may have different meanings: it may show that the service cover rate of URENCOs is very good; or it may show the imbalance service of URENCOs or they serve the outside targets instead of urban residents; or it may show that there is no big different in waste collection service between urban areas and other areas, for example you show a very high rate in the Northern areas. Thus, I would like to know to which distance you analyzed these data, and if you have any comments on the basis of these rate? Thank you very much.

Dr. Kawai: For your first comment, please let me make clear the Japanese case. In Japan, we do not have informal sector for recycling but we do have private sector for recycling. So the information may be confused and this is partly because of the translation and so on. In Vietnam, you have informal sector and I think this is a very unique and very good system.

Ms Mai Huong: For the second part of your question, you mean that the service rate in some cities is even higher than the population rate. For this, through discussion with URENCOs, we know that it is thanks to their high capacity, their good service.

Dr. Kawai: Due to the limitation of the time, I will invite one more question or comment.

Mr. Nguyen Duc Khien, former Director of INEV: The workshop today is highly appreciated.