Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## (2) Illegal Landing

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced owing to violation of the Immigration Control Act during 2015, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Immigration Control Act, or without obtaining permission for landing from an immigration inspector was 268 (2.2%), which was an increase of 19 (7.6%) from 2014 (Reference 44).

Reference 44 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/Region	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	164	187	199	249	268
Sri Lanka	0	6	14	54	95
Turkey	72	98	84	97	90
Russia	5	3	19	36	20
Nepal	1	0	3	2	15
China	20	14	7	4	6
Pakistan	5	9	3	4	6
R.O.Korea	12	4	8	2	4
Taiwan	5	1	3	2	4
Nigeria	0	6	3	1	3
Others	44	46	55	47	25

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (3) Overstay

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act during 2015, the number of those who had overstayed the authorized period of stay was 9,982 (81.3%), which was an increase of 1,708 (20.6%) from 2014, which was still overwhelmingly high.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of foreign nationals who had overstayed their authorized period of stay was from China at 3,623 (36.3%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,422 (14.2%), Thailand at 1,389 (13.9%), the Philippines at 1,139 (11.4%), and R.O.Korea at 559 (5.6%) (Reference 45).

Reference 45 Changes in the number of cases of foreign nationals overstaying the authorized period of stay by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/Region	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	15,925	11,439	8,713	8,274	9,982
China	4,848	3,415	3,194	3,170	3,623
Viet Nam	635	482	562	780	1,422
Thailand	860	615	486	797	1,389
Philippines	3,280	2,295	1,363	1,034	1,139
R.O.Korea	2,082	1,476	960	715	559
Indonesia	350	260	236	233	465
Brazil	649	671	321	227	227
United States of America	224	200	171	157	136
Mongolia	219	111	110	112	104
Peru	446	284	144	83	103
Others	2,332	1,630	1,166	966	815

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).
## (4) Activity Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan clearly engages solely in working activities, such as the ones for which he/she receives remuneration, other than those permitted for the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be enforced on grounds of engaging in activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted. Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2015, the number of foreign nationals against whom the procedures were enforced because of the activity other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted was 399 (3.3%), which was a decline of 23 (5.5%) from 2014.

Accordingly to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from China at 145 (36.3%), followed by Viet Nam at 104 (26.1%), and the Philippines at 41 (10.3%), and these top three countries accounted for 72.7% of the total (Reference 46).

Reference 46 Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/Region	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	542	617	493	422	399
China	192	228	176	167	145
Viet Nam	12	34	52	110	104
Philippines	71	20	27	24	41
R.O.Korea	125	212	138	48	35
Nepal	60	48	29	34	31
Indonesia	14	7	4	9	10
Thailand	5	9	14	13	8
Ukraine	1	0	0	1	8
Sri Lanka	10	20	2	3	4
Russia	2	1	0	0	4
Others	50	38	51	13	9

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

Detection of violator
## ③ Illegal Foreign Workers

## (1) Summary

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2015, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 7,973 (65.0%). This indicates that most illegal foreign residents who are hiding out somewhere in Japan are working illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers, and have a serious negative impact on a fair labor market. Moreover, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Some foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

The amended Immigration Control Act enforced on July 1, 2010 stipulates any act of a foreign national aiding another foreign national to engage in illegal work, such as through employment of the foreign national, to be one of the grounds for deportation (Article 24, item (iii)-4 of the Immigration Control Act). Thus, the Immigration Bureau promotes crockdown on foreign nationals who encourage illegal work.

## (2) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality/Region

The illegal foreign workers came from 62 countries/regions, mainly from neighboring Asian countries, indicating that there is still a trend being seen toward increasing diversity in the nationalities of the illegal foreign workers.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 3,266 (41.0%), followed by Thailand at 1,215 (15.2%), Viet Nam at 1,160 (14.5%), the Philippines at 756 (9.5%), and R.O.Korea at 435 (5.5%). These top five countries represented 85.7% of the total. As a trend in recent years, Chinese illegal workers account for a high percentage (Reference 47).
Reference 47 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/Region	Year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	13,913	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973
Male	7,954	5,346	4,356	4,160	5,167
Female	5,959	3,633	2,682	2,542	2,806
China	4,876	3,082	2,909	2,819	3,266
Male	2,968	1,981	1,943	1,869	2,166
Female	1,908	1,101	966	950	1,100
Thailand	843	567	442	681	1,215
Male	456	318	272	384	699
Female	387	249	170	297	516
Viet Nam	521	380	461	701	1,160
Male	323	271	312	454	873
Female	198	109	149	247	287
Philippines	2,632	1,589	968	763	756
Male	1,052	629	394	308	341
Female	1,580	960	574	455	415
R.O.Korea	1,918	1,356	866	606	435
Male	670	525	311	237	167
Female	1,248	831	555	369	268
Indonesia	397	267	233	231	396
Male	333	218	193	193	338
Female	64	49	40	38	58
Mongolia	201	90	81	101	81
Male	111	51	47	72	51
Female	90	39	34	29	30
Brazil	183	182	96	68	77
Male	149	141	74	55	64
Female	34	41	22	13	13
Peru	324	198	107	59	73
Male	218	145	73	48	58
Female	106	53	34	11	15
Nepal	179	117	97	75	68
Male	122	85	78	47	51
Female	57	32	19	28	17
Others	1,839	1,151	778	598	446
Male	1,552	982	659	493	359
Female	287	169	119	105	87

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (3) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The composition of illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were enforced by gender was 5,167 males (accounting for 64.8%) and 2,806 females (accounting for 35.2%), and were roughly the same percentages as in 2014.
## (4) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to the statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were agricultural workers at 1,744 (21.9%), followed by construction workers at 1,638 (20.5%), followed by factory workers at 1,342 (16.8%).

In addition, according to the statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as construction workers followed by agricultural workers then factory workers, while the largest number of females worked as agricultural workers, followed by jobs in the hospitality industry, for example, as hostesses, then factory workers (Reference 48).

Reference 48 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

(People)

Year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Job Categories
Total	13,913	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973
Male	7,954	5,346	4,356	4,160	5,167
Female	5,959	3,633	2,682	2,542	2,806
Agricultural worker	783	592	695	946	1,744
Male	554	432	507	632	1,113
Female	229	160	188	314	631
Construction worker	1,772	1,154	1,151	1,336	1,638
Male	1,750	1,146	1,144	1,323	1,622
Female	22	8	7	13	16
Factory worker	2,809	1,623	1,301	1,230	1,342
Male	1,869	1,124	895	769	857
Female	940	499	406	461	485
Other labor worker	1,527	907	580	525	686
Male	1,173	700	440	424	543
Female	354	207	140	101	143
Attendants such as bar hostess	2,011	1,365	837	629	523
Male	120	114	80	41	33
Female	1,891	1,251	757	588	490
Worker in other service industry	961	575	452	413	425
Male	379	258	161	127	118
Female	582	317	291	286	307
Others	4,050	2,763	2,022	1,623	1,615
Male	2,109	1,572	1,129	844	881
Female	1,941	1,191	893	779	734

## (5) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

Illegal foreign workers are known to have been working in 45 prefectures throughout Japan. According to the statistics on the place of work of the illegal foreign workers by prefecture, the largest number had previously been found consistently in Tokyo ever since these statistics were first collected in 1991, but for the first time, Ibaraki prefecture had the largest number at 1,714 (21.5%) followed by Chiba prefecture at 1,238 (15.5%), Tokyo at 1,086 (13.6%), Aichi prefecture at 757 (9.5%), and Kanagawa prefecture at 638 (8.0%) (Reference 49).

According to the statistics by region, the number of illegal foreign workers in Tokyo and the six prefectures (Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma, and Tochigi) in the Kanto district was 5,915 (74.2%), making up most of the total, and the number of illegal workers in the nine prefectures in the Chubu district (Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shizuoka, Gifu and Aichi) was also at a high level of 1,201 (15.1%). Illegal foreign workers in the Kanto and Chubu districts making up 89.3% (7,116) of the total, accounted for a substantial percentage of the total number of illegal
foreign workers.

Reference 49 Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by area

(People)

Year Prefecture	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	13,913	8,979	7,038	6,702	7,973
Ibaraki	1,286	891	752	1,047	1,714
Chiba	1,919	1,088	945	955	1,238
Tokyo	2,763	1,740	1,389	1,175	1,086
Aichi	1,637	1,188	954	794	757
Kanagawa	1,663	967	680	656	638
Saitama	1,112	616	539	460	595
Gunma	447	249	243	155	451
Osaka	623	517	366	273	252
Tochigi	278	191	137	109	193
Shizuoka	371	215	167	137	127
Others	1,814	1,317	866	941	922

## 4 Outline of Decisions on Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Processing of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspected of coming under any of the grounds for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to undergo the procedures for decisions on violations after an investigation by an immigration control officer. These procedures consist of three steps: examination of the violation by an immigration inspector, a hearing by a special inquiry officer, and a decision of the Minister of Justice.

Decision on violation

The number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation in 2015 was 13,233, and this showed a shift away from the declining trend, which had been the trend from 2006 to 2014, towards an increase (Reference 50).
Reference 50 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

(Cases)

Division	Year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Receipt	21,584 (771)	16,103 (748)	12,523 (793)	11,645 (670)	13,233 (594)
Completed	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	5	4	5	-	5
Issuance of written deportation order	7,628	5,640	4,729	4,482	5,409
Request for hearing	8,577	6,949	4,279	3,647	3,375
Issuance of written departure order	4,501	2,594	2,478	2,592	3,573
Not completed, others	873	916	1,032	924	871
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	9,286 (674)	7,755 (711)	4,942 (582)	4,282 (527)	3,871 (476)
Completed	Error in the findings	3	-	-	-	1
Issuance of written deportation order	120	101	96	74	77
Filing of an objection	8,389	6,952	4,226	3,596	3,163
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	774	702	620	612	630
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Receipt	9,017 (526)	7,485 (459)	4,776 (505)	3,936 (297)	3,526 (357)
Completed	Objection with reason	7	2	1	1	-
Objection without reason	8,440	6,887	4,428	3,544	3,110
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	570	596	347	391	416

$ ^{*} $ The numbers indicated in parentheses are carry-over cases from the previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.

The number of requests for a hearing after an examination of the violation in 2015 was 3,375 accounting for 25.5% of the total number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation, a decline of 272 (7.5%) from 2014 (Reference 51).
Reference 51 Changes in the number and percentage of requests for a hearing

The number of objections filed by foreign nationals who were not satisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing was 3,163 in 2015, a decline of 433 (12.0%) from 2014 (Reference 50).

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2015 was 6,589. According to the statistics by grounds for deportation, the cases of overstay amounted to 4,218, accounting for 64.0% of the total, while the percentage of cases of illegal entry was 9.7%, both of which showed almost the same percentages as in 2014 (Reference 52).

Reference 52 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	9,348	7,329	6,425	5,821	6,589
Overstay	5,588	4,270	3,907	3,574	4,218
Illegal entry	2,014	1,430	1,001	733	638
Illegal landing	138	134	164	160	223
Activity other than those permitted	510	622	491	405	374
Criminal offenses	771	576	501	404	472
Others	327	297	361	545	664
According to the statistics by nationality/region in 2015, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China at 2,338 (35.5%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,147 (17.4%), and Thailand at 720 (10.9%) (Reference 53).

Reference 53 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by nationality/region

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2015, the number of foreign nationals detained under a written detention order who were granted provisional release was 1,293, which was the same number as in 2014. The number of foreign nationals detained under a written deportation order who were granted provisional release was 1,063, an increase of 137 (14.8%) from 2014 (Reference 54).

Reference 54 Changes in the number of cases of permission for provisional release

Year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Type of Order
By written detention order	2,131	2,128	1,510	1,293	1,293
By written deportation order	1,062	1,137	1,271	926	1,063
## (4) Special Permission to Stay in Japan

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan from the Minister of Justice in 2015 was 2,023, a decline of 268 (11.7%) when compared to 2014.

Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan had established close relationships with Japanese nationals such as through marriage. Also in many cases they had settled down in Japan in many respects.

Looking at the foreign nationals who came under the grounds for deportation but were granted special permission to stay in Japan, the grounds for the largest number in 2015 was overstay at 1,504 (74.3%), followed by illegal entry and illegal landing, jointly accounting for 7.7%. Overstay illegal entry and illegal landing accounted for 82.0% of the total (Reference 55).

Reference 55 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by grounds for deportation

(Cases)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	6,879	5,336	2,840	2,291	2,023
Overstay	5,569	4,304	2,161	1,643	1,504
Illegal entry/Illegal landing	827	491	270	223	155
Criminal offenses etc.	483	541	409	425	364

According to statistics by nationality/region in 2015, the largest number of foreign nationals who were granted special permission to stay in Japan came from China at 393 (19.4%), followed by R.O.Korea/Korea combined at 222 (11.0%) (Reference 56).

Reference 56 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by nationality/region

Nationality/Region	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	6,879	5,336	2,840	2,291	2,023
China	1,146	809	422	421	393
R.O.Korea/Korea	898	693	400	286	222
Others	4,835	3,834	2,018	1,584	1,408

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## 5 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of deportees in 2015 was 6,174, which was an increase of 632 (11.4%) when compared to 2014.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of deportees was from China at 2,296 (37.2%), followed by Viet Nam at 1,064 (17.2%), Thailand at 707 (11.5%), the Philippines at 593 (9.6%), and R.O.Korea at 328 (5.3%) (Reference 57).
Reference 57 Changes in the number of deportees by nationality/region

(People)

Year	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Nationality/Region
Total	8,721	6,459	5,790	5,542	6,174
China	2,997	2,389	2,284	2,282	2,296
Viet Nam	370	340	432	627	1,064
Thailand	479	317	400	483	707
Philippines	1,552	972	796	616	593
R.O.Korea	1,171	964	665	456	328
Indonesia	248	164	134	159	287
Nepal	114	101	64	48	82
Sri Lanka	196	141	93	123	69
Brazil	204	143	102	76	65
Bangladesh	110	54	42	26	56
Others	1,280	874	778	646	627

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

The means of deportation are roughly divided into the three categories of “voluntary departure” where the deportee himself or herself pays for the deportation costs, “deportation at the expense of the Government of Japan” where the Japanese government pays for the deportation costs by reason of the deportee not having the necessary funds for deportation or other reasons, and “deportation in accordance with Article 59” where the deportee is deported on the responsibility and at the expense of the carrier operating the aircraft or vessel on which the deportee was brought to Japan.

Deportation

Reference 58 Changes in the number of deportees by means of deportation

(People)

Year Measure of Deportation	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	8,721	6,459	5,790	5,542	6,174
Voluntary departure	8,379	6,170	5,382	5,228	5,853
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	86	78	54	47	49
Individual deportation at the expense of the government	231	191	208	203	206
Group deportation at the expense of the government	0	0	121	32	22
Others	0	0	0	0	1
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	25	20	25	32	43

$ ^{*1} $ “Group deportation at the expense of the government” refers to group deportation through the use of private chartered aircraft paid for by the Japanese government.

$ ^{*2} $ “Others” are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of each of the deportees, home country.
## (1) Deportation at the Expense of Foreign National (Voluntary Departure)

Of the deportees, the number of those deported at their own expense stood at 5,853 (94.8%), which was an increase of 625 (12.0%) when compared to 2014 (References 58, 59).

The Immigration Bureau deports deportees as soon as the requirements necessary for deportation, such as the passport, air ticket or travel expenses, have been fulfilled. However, with regard to those who do not fulfill the requirements for deportation, the Immigration Bureau not only enforces the deportation procedures but also instructs deportees to make contact with relevant people in Japan or their home countries in order to ask for financial assistance for deportation. In cases where deportees do not possess a passport, the Immigration Bureau asks foreign diplomatic establishments in Japan for the early issuance of a passport for the deportee.

Reference 59 Changes in the number of deportees through voluntary departure by nationality/region

YearNationality/Region	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Total	8,379	6,170	5,382	5,228	5,853
China	2,972	2,364	2,263	2,257	2,262
Viet Nam	363	331	424	608	1,046
Thailand	473	312	339	467	699
Philippines	1,494	926	680	578	555
R.O.Korea	1,158	947	652	448	311
Indonesia	244	164	130	154	277
Sri Lanka	186	135	86	91	67
Nepal	107	100	61	45	64
Malaysia	84	44	42	21	50
Mongolia	88	46	48	49	49
Others	1,210	801	657	510	473

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (2) Deportation at the Expense of the Government of Japan

As foreign nationals, who are in violation of the Immigration Control Act tend to stay for a longer period and have more diversified lifestyles and backgrounds than before, an increasing number of foreign nationals who have been issued with a deportation order suffer from an illness, refuse deportation for various reasons, or cannot afford the travel expenses for return to their home country. Of these foreign nationals, the number of those deported at the expense of the government in consideration of individual circumstances stood at 228 (3.7%) in 2015, which was a decline of 7 (3.0%) from 2014.

Moreover, in 2015, in order to implement safe and secure deportations, 22 foreign nationals were deported using a private chartered plane (Reference 58).
## (3) Deportation at the Expense of and on the Responsibility of Carriers

A carrier who operates an aircraft or vessel that has transported a foreign national who does not meet the requirements for landing is responsible for deporting the deportee at its own expense and on its own responsibility under certain conditions (deportation under Article 59 of the Immigration Control Act) (*). The number of foreign nationals deported in this way in 2015 was 49 (0.8%), an increase of 2 (4.3%) from 2014 (Reference 58).

## 6 Departure Orders

## (1) Investigation into Violations

The number of foreign nationals whose cases were handed over from immigration control officers to immigration inspectors through the departure order procedures was 3,571 in 2015, accounting for 29.1% of the total number of foreign nationals in violation of the Immigration Control Act.

### A. Number of Foreign Nationals Ordered to Depart by Nationality/Region

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from China at 1,660 (46.5%), followed by Thailand at 641 (18.0%), Viet Nam at 387 (10.8%), the Philippines at 299 (8.4%), and Indonesia at 187 (5.2%), and these top five countries accounted for 88.9% of the total (Reference 60).

Reference 60 Number of foreign nationals handed over under a departure order by nationality/region (2015) (People)

ArticleNationality/Region	Total	24-(ii)-3	24-(iv)-(b)	24-(vi)	24-(vi)-2	24-(vi)-3	24-(vi)-4	24-(vii)
Total	3,571	5	3,520	26	0	0	1	19
China	1,660	3	1,641	12	0	0	0	4
Thailand	641	0	633	4	0	0	0	4
Viet Nam	387	0	385	1	0	0	0	1
Philippines	299	1	287	2	0	0	0	9
Indonesia	187	0	183	3	0	0	1	0
R.O.Korea	169	0	169	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolia	50	0	49	1	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	22	0	22	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysia	16	0	16	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	14	0	14	0	0	0	0	0
Others	126	1	121	3	0	0	0	1

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).