·英文概要

研究課題名 = 「Investigation of discharge behavior in final landfill site and countermeasure technology of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (K2412, K2343, K22037)」

研究代表者名及び所属 = Chisato Matsumura (Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Science, Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association)

共同研究者名及び所属=Shusuke Takemine, Katsuya Yamamoto, Takeshi Nakano (Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Science, Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association), Toshiki Tojo, Atsushi Yamamoto (Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences), Michiko Uebori, Noriko Taya (Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefectural Government), Yagi Masahiro (Kobe Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Chemistry), Tadashi Yoshizawa, Masanori Kurihara, Masashi Uemura (Chiba Prefectural Environmental Research Center), Hidetaka Takigami (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Shin Takahashi (Ehime University), Hiroshi Tsuno (Osaka Sangyo University), Fumitake Nishimura (Kyoto University)

要旨 = In this project, we focus on the behavior in final landfill site and the development of countermeasure technology to prevent the environmental pollution.

Content of PFCs (i.e., PFOS, PFOA and their relative compounds) and their elution behavior during a product use process (i.e., laundry process) were investigated. Fabric products (e.g., ski wear and carpet) were selected and methanol extraction was conducted for the analysis of PFC content. In addition, leaching tests with water or n-hexane were conducted to know the PFC emission unit during laundry processes. PFOA was detected at highest concentrations (tens to hundreds ng/g-product) for the analyses of content and leaching amount.

The study on pilot-scale incineration of wastes containing PFOA and PTFE indicates that incineration, in which technical countermeasures were introduced to minimize emissions of dioxin-related compounds, also achieved a significant reduction in residual PFC emission into the environment.

Effective analytical method for understanding of PFC outflow from disposal facilities was examined. As to PFOA, branching PFOA had greater distribution coefficient between waste and immobile water than linear PFOA. In addition, high-molecular-weight PFCs in commercial repellents were determined by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. A part of them rapidly decomposed during biodegradation test using activated sludge.

Multi dimensional chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showed its practical usefulness for identification of complicated samples such as industrial products and waste materials. We examined the easier analysis of POPs by using thermal desorption GC/TOFMS. The analysis conditions of POPs were developed. It seems that this method is effective in the POPs analysis in solid waste.

Concentrations of internal water in the final landfill site were approximately constant. As a result of analyzing cinders, soot dust, nightsoil, sewage sludge and shredder dust samples, shredder dust samples contained PFCs. Extraction tests of PFCs in activated carbon showed that its extraction rates of accelerated solvent extraction were higher than ultrasonic extraction. As a result of comparison of extraction solvent, acetone was suited. The quantity of water necessary for concentrations of PFCs having longer carbon chain than PFOA to decrease to half