In Saudi Arabia, inter-governmental consultations for the sewerage sector were held in November 2013 as well as training in Japan, to support technology for the reuse of treated wastewater and privatization, was implemented in January 2014.

In addition, Water Environment Solution Hub, a alliance including Kitakyushu City, Osaka City, Tokyo Metropolis, Yokohama City, Kobe City, Fukuoka City, Kawasaki City, Saitama Prefecture, the Japan Sewage Works Agency, Shiga Prefecture, and MLIT, is providing experience and expertise on sewerage projects through seminars, field studies, and training.

## (4) Disaster Management Sector

Efforts are being made to improve the disaster reduction functions of partner countries and contribute to the international expansion of infrastructure, utilizing Japan’s superior technology and knowledge on disaster reduction gained from past experiences with disasters.

In particular, developing countries facing issues in disaster reduction are targeted for joint efforts through the working cooperation of the private sector, academia, and the public sector of both countries to pursue technology and solutions that satisfies each others' needs through “Disaster Management Collaboration Dialog (DMCD)” with the coordination of relevant organizations, that capture a variety of opportunities in expanding to each individual country in relation to the “infrastructure system export strategy”. Currently, documents on the implementation of DMCD have been signed with Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, South Africa, Turkey, and Indonesia which provided the basis for hosting a workshop with the private and public sector as part of the DMCD in February 2014 in Myanmar and in March 2014 in Vietnam.

Also, the private sector, academia, and public sector is coordinating to establish the “Japan Bosai Prevention Platform” in early fiscal 2014 for the purpose of promoting the development of internationally competitive products and services in the disaster management sector. In addition, this organization is also expected to function as the domestic portal for DMCD.

On the other hand, to build an international consensus that disaster prevention is the key to sustainable development for the reduction of water disasters in the world, in addition to disseminating Japan’s experiences and technology, efforts are being made to establish international solidarity regarding the strengthening of water disaster management. Also, at the Public Works Research Institute’s (Independent Administrative Institution) International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) which is recognized as a UNESCO cooperative organization, research and development is being conducted on projects such as the Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) which uses satellite information and analysis technology such as the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation Model where the fruits of these efforts are used for human resource development efforts such as the master’s degree in water-related disaster risk management as well as accepting trainees for short-term training in water-related disaster risk management. Also, technical cooperation and international assistance is being implemented jointly with UNESCO and the Asian Development Bank such as building a flood forecast and warning system and hosting workshops targeted toward Asian countries and regions vulnerable to water disasters.

In addition, in March 2013, for the purpose of mutually enhancing the disaster prevention management, the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department and MLIT exchanged letters regarding disaster management cooperation and held both ministerial-level and expert-level meetings. With Brazil, to reduce the potential increased risk of disaster because of the rapid progress of urbanization in recent years, the exchange of information and technical cooperation was promoted to enhance risk assessment capabilities for sediment disaster measures through the Rio Bosai 2013 seminar held in August 2013.

Additionally, when large-scale water and sediment related disasters occur, MLIT dispatches experts to implement assessments of the disaster situation and advise practical measures. For example, when a large-scale landslide dam broke in Indonesia in July 2013, sabo exparts were dispatched immediately and make some expertise to the government on residual risks and measures to avoid secondary disaster and other matters. Also, in November 2013, when the Haiyan typhoon (Number 30) struck central Philippines, experts were dispatched as a specialist team for international disaster relief to advise and lead the assessment of the disaster situation, the basic policy of the reconstruction plan, and other matters in addition to experts to evaluate the disaster.